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Hunter E, Salter M, Powell R, Dring A, Naithani T, Chatziioannou ME, Gebregzabhar A, Issa M, Green J, Ng S, Lim CR, Keat CS, Suan AT, Raman R, Fatt HK, Luen FLW, Alshaker H, Pchejetski D, Blum D, Guiel T, Heaton R, Levine J, Akoulitchev A. Development and Validation of Blood-Based Predictive Biomarkers for Response to PD-1/PD-L1 Checkpoint Inhibitors: Evidence of a Universal Systemic Core of 3D Immunogenetic Profiling across Multiple Oncological Indications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2696. [PMID: 37345033 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unprecedented advantages in cancer treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remain limited to only a subset of patients. Systemic analyses of the regulatory 3D genome architecture linked to individual epigenetic and immunogenetic controls associated with tumour immune evasion mechanisms and immune checkpoint pathways reveal a highly prevalent molecular profile predictive of response to PD-1/PD-L1 ICIs. A clinical blood test based on a set of eight (8) 3D genomic biomarkers has been developed and validated on the basis of an observational trial to predict response to ICI therapy. METHODS The predictive eight biomarker set is derived from prospective observational clinical trials, representing 280 treatments with Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, Nivolumab, and Avelumab in a broad range of indications: melanoma, lung, hepatocellular, renal, breast, bladder, colon, head and neck, bone, brain, lymphoma, prostate, vulvar, and cervical cancers. RESULTS The 3D genomic eight biomarker panel for response to immune checkpoint therapy achieved a high accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 93%, and specificity of 82%. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that a 3D genomic approach can be used to develop a predictive clinical assay for response to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ann Dring
- Oxford BioDynamics Plc., Oxford OX4 2WB, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mutaz Issa
- Oxford BioDynamics Plc., Oxford OX4 2WB, UK
| | | | - Serene Ng
- Oxford BioDynamics (M) Sdn Bhd, Penang 10470, Malaysia
| | - Chun Ren Lim
- Oxford BioDynamics (M) Sdn Bhd, Penang 10470, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Soon Keat
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
- Island Hospital, Penang 10450, Malaysia
| | - Ang Tick Suan
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Raman
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
| | - Ho Kean Fatt
- Mount Miriam Cancer Hospital (MMCH), Penang 11200, Malaysia
| | | | - Heba Alshaker
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Dave Blum
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Thomas Guiel
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Robert Heaton
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Jedd Levine
- Oxford BioDynamics Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
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2
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Bednar H, McMillan S, Seidl M, Powell R, Sidibe T. An intra-action review conducted by the CDC foundation during COVID-19 to evaluate emergency response procedures. Public Health 2023; 218:21-24. [PMID: 36933355 PMCID: PMC9932706 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During times of emergency response, the CDC Foundation leverages partnerships and relationships to better understand the situation and respond rapidly to save lives. As the COVID-19 pandemic began to unfold, an opportunity became clear to improve our work in emergency response through documentation of lessons learned and incorporating them into best practices. STUDY DESIGN This was a mixed methods study. METHODS The CDC Foundation Response, Crisis and Preparedness Unit conducted an internal evaluation via an intra-action review to evaluate and rapidly improve emergency response activities to provide effective and efficient response-related program management. RESULTS The processes developed during the COVID-19 response to conduct timely and actionable reviews of the CDC Foundation's operations led to the identification of gaps in the work and management processes and to creation of subsequent actions to address these issues. Such solutions include surge hiring, establishing standard operating procedures for processes not yet documented, and creating tools and templates to streamline emergency response operations. CONCLUSIONS The creation of manuals and handbooks, intra-action reviews, and impact sharing for emergency response projects led to actionable items meant to improve processes and procedures and the ability of the Response, Crisis and Preparedness Unit to quickly mobilize resources directed toward saving lives. These products are now open-source resources that can be used by other organizations to improve their own emergency response management systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bednar
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
| | - S McMillan
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
| | - M Seidl
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
| | - R Powell
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
| | - T Sidibe
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
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3
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McGregor G, Powell R, Begg B, Birkett ST, Nichols S, Ennis S, McGuire S, Prosser J, Fiassam O, Hee SW, Hamborg T, Banerjee P, Hartfiel N, Charles JM, Edwards RT, Drane A, Ali D, Osman F, He H, Lachlan T, Haykowsky MJ, Ingle L, Shave R. High-intensity interval training in cardiac rehabilitation (HIIT or MISS UK): A multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023:7031580. [PMID: 36753063 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of international consensus regarding the prescription of high-intensity interval exercise training (HIIT) for people with coronary artery disease (CAD) attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR). AIM To assess the clinical effectiveness and safety of low-volume HIIT compared with moderate intensity steady-state (MISS) exercise training for people with CAD. METHODS We conducted a multi-centre RCT, recruiting 382 patients from 6 outpatient CR centres. Participants were randomised to twice-weekly HIIT (n = 187) or MISS (n = 195) for 8 weeks. HIIT consisted of 10 × 1-minute intervals of vigorous exercise (>85% maximum capacity) interspersed with 1-minute periods of recovery. MISS was 20-40 minutes of moderate intensity continuous exercise (60-80% maximum capacity). The primary outcome was the change in cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake, VO2 peak) at 8-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular disease risk markers, cardiac structure and function, adverse events, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS At 8 weeks, VO2 peak improved more with HIIT (2.37 mL.kg-1.min-1; SD, 3.11) compared with MISS (1.32 mL.kg-1.min-1; SD, 2.66). After adjusting for age, sex and study site, the difference between arms was 1.04 mL.kg-1.min-1 (95% CI, 0.38 to 1.69; p = 0.002). Only 1 serious adverse event was possibly related to HIIT. CONCLUSIONS In stable CAD, low-volume HIIT improved cardiorespiratory fitness more than MISS by a clinically meaningful margin. Low-volume HIIT is a safe, well tolerated, and clinically effective intervention that produces short-term improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness. It should be considered by all CR programmes as an adjunct or alternative to MISS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02784873. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02784873.
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Affiliation(s)
- G McGregor
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Centre for Sport Exercise & Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK.,Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - R Powell
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Centre for Sport Exercise & Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK
| | - B Begg
- Cardiff Centre for Exercise & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales UK.,Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Gwent, Wales, UK
| | - S T Birkett
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences. Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - S Nichols
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.,Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Ennis
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - S McGuire
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Centre for Sport Exercise & Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK
| | - J Prosser
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - O Fiassam
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise & Health, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - S W Hee
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - T Hamborg
- Pragmatic Clinical Trials Unit, Centre for Evaluation and Methods, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - P Banerjee
- Centre for Sport Exercise & Life Sciences, Coventry University, UK.,Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - N Hartfiel
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation (CHEME), Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - J M Charles
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation (CHEME), Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - R T Edwards
- Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation (CHEME), Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - A Drane
- Cardiff Centre for Exercise & Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, Wales UK
| | - D Ali
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - F Osman
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - H He
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - T Lachlan
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - M J Haykowsky
- College of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - L Ingle
- Department of Sport, Health & Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - R Shave
- Centre for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia - Okanagan, Canada
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4
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Bednar H, Powell R, Sidibe T. Addressing immediate public health needs as part of Afghan evacuees' resettlement to the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health 2023; 217:95-97. [PMID: 36867988 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the removal of US troops from Afghanistan in 2021, the United States welcomed Afghan evacuees through Operation Allies Welcome. Using cell phone accessibility, the CDC Foundation worked with public-private partners to protect evacuees from the spread of COVID-19 and provide accessibility to resources. STUDY DESIGN This was a mixed methods study. METHODS The CDC Foundation activated its Emergency Response Fund to accelerate public health components of Operation Allies Welcome, including testing, vaccination, and COVID-19 mitigation and prevention. The CDC Foundation began the provision of cell phones to evacuees to ensure access to public health and resettlement resources. RESULTS The provision of cell phones provided connections between individuals and access to public health resources. Cell phones provided means to supplement in-person health education sessions, capture and store medical records, maintain official resettlement documents, and assist in registration for state-administered benefits. CONCLUSIONS Phones provided necessary connectivity to friends and family for displaced Afghan evacuees and higher accessibility to public health and resettlement resources. As many evacuees did not have access to US-based phone services upon entry, provision of cell phones and plans for a fixed amount of service time provided a helpful start in resettlement while also being a mechanism to easily share resources. Such connectivity solutions helped to minimize disparities among Afghan evacuees seeking asylum in the United States. Provision of cell phones by public health or governmental agencies can help to provide equitable resources to evacuees entering the United States for social connection, healthcare resources, and resources to assist in the process of resettlement. Further research is needed to understand the generalizability of these findings to other displaced populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bednar
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
| | - R Powell
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
| | - T Sidibe
- National Foundation for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC Foundation), 600 Peachtree St NE, Suite 1000, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA.
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5
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Taylor L, Gangnon R, Powell R, Kramer J, Kind AJ, Bartels C, Brennan MB. 1659. Association of Rurality and Identifying as Black with Receipt of Specialty Care among Patients Hospitalized with Diabetic Foot Ulcers: a Medicare cohort study. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [PMCID: PMC9752839 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among those with diabetic foot ulcers, rural patients identifying as Black face at least 10% greater risk of major amputation or death compared to the US as a whole. As specialty care is associated with lower risk of major amputation, this difference could be driven by specialty care access. We hypothesize that rural patients and, particularly, rural patients identifying as Black, receive less inpatient specialty care compared to the overall cohort. Methods We built a cohort of all Medicare patients hospitalized with diabetic foot ulcers (2013–2014). Rurality was measured using Rural Urban Commuting Area codes. Race was categorized using the Research Triangle Institute algorithm. Specialty care was defined as receiving inpatient care from at least 1 of 6 relevant specialties to address diabetes, infection, biomechanics or vascular disease, per National Provider Taxonomy codes: endocrinology, infectious disease, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, podiatry, and vascular surgery. We reported observed differences in specialty care, overall and stratified by rurality, identifying as Black, and ulcer severity. Pearson X2 tests were performed on observed frequencies. Results Overall, 32.2% of the cohort received inpatient specialty care. This proportion decreased to 29.6% for rural patients (X2 = 36.2, p ≤ 0.001) and 26.2% for rural patients identifying as Black (X2 = 19.5, p ≤ 0.001). Among those with osteomyelitis, 54.3% of the cohort received specialty care, while only 49.5% of rural patients, 50.8% of patients identifying as Black, and 37.6% of rural patients identifying as Black received specialty care; the disparity for rural patients identifying as Black was greater than the sum of rural and racial disparities (4.8% for rural + 3.5% for Blacks = 8.3% versus a 16.7% observed difference for rural Blacks; Figure 1). Notably, only 2.7% of patients presenting with osteomyelitis were seen by an infectious disease specialist. This proportion decreased to 2.5% for rural patients. Observed Proportions of Patients Receiving Specialty Care Stratified by Rurality, Identifying as Black, and Ulcer Severity Conclusion A smaller proportion of rural patients received specialty care, and rural patients identifying as Black were half as likely to receive specialty care than the overall cohort. Improving specialty access for these high-risk patients may reduce disparities in major amputations. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Taylor
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Ryan Powell
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joseph Kramer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy J Kind
- University of Wisconsin Center for Health Disparities Research, Madison, Wisconsin
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6
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Masri NZ, Card KG, Caws EA, Babcock A, Powell R, Lowe CJ, Donovan S, Norum S, Lyons S, De Pol S, Kostenchuk L, Dorea C, Lachowsky NJ, Willerth SM, Fyles TM, Buckley HL. Testing specificity and sensitivity of wastewater-based epidemiology for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in four communities on Vancouver Island, Canada. Environ Adv 2022; 9:100310. [PMID: 36321068 PMCID: PMC9613784 DOI: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report wastewater surveillance of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 based upon 24-h composite influent samples taken weekly from four wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada between January 3, 2021 and July 10, 2021. Samples were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the N1 and N2 gene fragments of SARS-CoV-2 and a region of the replication associate protein of the pepper mottle mosaic virus (PMMoV) serving as endemic control. Only a small proportion of samples had quantifiable levels of N1 or N2. Overall case rates are weakly correlated with the concentration (gene copies/L) and with the flux of viral material influent to the WWTP (gene copies/day); the latter accounts for influent flow variations. Poisson multimodal rank correlation accounts for differences between the four WWTP and shows a significant correlation with a significant positive intercept. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis confirms a cut-off of cases based on amplified/not-amplified experimental data. At the optimal cut point of 19 (N1) or 17 (N2) cases/week/100,000 the sensitivity and specificity is about 75% for N1 and 67% for N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zeina Masri
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuelle A Caws
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Canada
| | - Alana Babcock
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | | | | | - Shelley Donovan
- Environmental Monitoring Program, Capital Regional District, Canada
| | | | - Shirley Lyons
- Environmental Monitoring Program, Capital Regional District, Canada
| | | | | | - Caetano Dorea
- Department of Civil Engineering and Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Canada
| | - Nathan J Lachowsky
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Willerth
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria; Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Heather L Buckley
- Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Canada
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7
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Powles T, Sridhar S, Bellmunt J, Sternberg C, Grivas P, Hunter E, Dezfouli M, Salter M, Powell R, Dring A, Green J, Akoulitchev A, Amezquita R, Ching K, Pu J, Deng S, di Pietro A, Davis C. LBA74 Genomic biomarkers in peripheral blood (PB) from patients (pts) enrolled in the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial of avelumab first-line (1L) maintenance in advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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8
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Akoulitchev A, Hunter E, Santos FC, Dezfouli M, Koutsothanasi C, Salter M, Powell R, Dring A, Egan B, Parnall M, Thacker M, Green J, Ramadass A, Ng S, Lim CR, Guiel T, Heaton R, Levine J. Development and validation of blood-based predictive biomarkers for response to PD-(L)-1 checkpoint inhibitors: Evidence of a universal systemic core of 3D immunogenetic profiling across multiple oncological indications. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e14525 Background: Unprecedented advantages in cancer treatments with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) remain limited to a subset of patients, with high demands for development of better biomarkers to access likely clinical response in advance of ICI therapeutic interventions. 3D genomics has emerged as a novel molecular biomarker modality with strong functional correlation to clinical outcomes (1). The last few years have seen rapid emergence of 3D genomics applications in clinical stratifications. They have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in patient stratifications, offered solutions in symptomatic and pre-symptomatic diagnosis, in prognosis, residual disease monitoring, and prediction of response to therapeutic interventions (2-8). EpiSwitch is a 3D genomic platform that has been reduced to practice for the discovery of 3D genomic blood-based biomarkers in a variety of immune-related and oncological diseases (7,8). Methods: A clinical blood assay based on 8 markers - Checkpoint Inhibitor Response Test (CiRT) - has been developed to predict response to PD-(L)1 immune checkpoint inhibition from over 30 million data points, with validations on several independent cancer patient cohorts. The predictive 8 biomarker set is based on an observational clinical trial and several retrospective cohorts, representing all together 229 treatments with Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab, Durvalumab, in over 15 diverse oncological indications, i.e. melanoma, lung, urethral, hepatocellular, bladder, prostate, head and neck, colon, breast, bone, brain, lymphoma, larynx. Results: CiRT has demonstrated high accuracy up to 85%, sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 82%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a 3D genomic approach could be successfully utilized for development of a non-invasive predictive clinical assay for response to PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibition in cancer patients. CiRT can assist in treatment decisions, help improve patient selection for optimized treatment, utilize alternative effective treatments, minimize unnecessary toxicity, and efficiently manage the costs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewan Hunter
- Oxford BioDynmics Plc, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Powell
- Oxford BioDynamics Plc, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Dring
- Oxford BioDynamics plc, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Serene Ng
- Oxford BioDynamics (M) Sdn Bhd, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chun Ren Lim
- Oxford BioDynamics (M) Sdn Bhd, Penang, Malaysia
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9
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Haigh P, Kipp R, Kalscheur M, Sheehy A, Bartels C, Kind A, Powell R. PO-652-02 NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE AND THE RISK OF DEATH FOLLOWING HOSPITALIZATION WITH VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS. Heart Rhythm 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.03.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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10
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Greene MA, Powell R, Bruce T, Bridges WC, Duckett SK. miRNA transcriptome and myofiber characteristics of lamb skeletal muscle during hypertrophic growth 1. Front Genet 2022; 13:988756. [PMID: 36419828 PMCID: PMC9677349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal muscle growth is achieved through hypertrophy of the muscle fibers and is impacted by the activity of satellite cells, the quiescent muscle stem cell. Several miRNAs are preferentially expressed in skeletal muscle and could provide a mechanism for increasing muscle hypertrophy through satellite cell proliferation and/or differentiation. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Characterize the miRNA transcriptome of the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle at several developmental timepoints [gestational d 85 (PN1), 110 (PN2), 133 (PN3), postnatal d 42 (PW1), 65 (PW2), 243 (MAT)] during muscle hypertrophy in lambs, and 2) examine miR-29a, identified in sequencing to be differentially regulated across development, loss of function on satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Muscle fiber characteristics showed drastic increases (p < 0.0001) in fiber size and alterations in muscle fiber type occur during pre and postnatal development. miRNA sequencing comparisons were performed in developmental order (PN1 vs. PN2, PN2 vs. PN3, PN3 vs. PW1, PW1 vs. PW2, PW2 vs. MAT). There were 184 differentially expressed (P adj < 0.05) miRNA, 142 unique miRNA, from all 5 comparisons made. The transitional stage (PN3 vs. PW1) had the largest number (115) of differentially expressed miRNA. Inhibition of miR-29a in satellite cell culture increased (p < 0.05) cell proliferation and differentiation capacity. Characterization of the miRNA transcriptome provides valuable insights into the miRNA involved in muscle fiber hypertrophy and the potential importance of the transitional period.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Greene
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - R Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - T Bruce
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - W C Bridges
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - S K Duckett
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
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11
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Hansmann K, Powell R, Kind A. Area Deprivation Share: A New Measure of Social Need Faced by Hospitals Serving Older Adults. Innov Aging 2021. [PMCID: PMC8682298 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igab046.3305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Medicare’s Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) places disproportionate penalties on hospitals serving populations with complex medical and social needs. Without measures to identify the social need intensity of populations cared for by these hospitals, the HRRP cannot account for these risk factors, leading to burdensome penalties that may inadvertently hinder the ability of such hospitals to care for vulnerable populations. The objective of this study is to characterize the social need intensity of US hospital acute care populations. Using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), a validated measure that ranks neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage based on income, employment, housing, and education factors, we determined an “Area Deprivation Share” (ADS) for hospitals with 25 or more discharges using 100% of national Medicare claims data from 2013-2014. Hospital ADS is the proportion of qualifying discharges residing in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (ADI ≥ 80th percentile) out of all qualifying discharges during the study period. Of 4,603 hospitals, median ADS was 17% (Interquartile Range: 6% - 34%). Hospitals in the highest quintile of ADS (39% to 100%), were more frequently located in small towns or isolated rural areas (52.6%, comparted to 24.2% in lower quintiles) and served a higher percentage of Black patients (19.0%, comparted to 9.7% in lower quintiles). ADS is a potential tool to inform future Medicare policy decisions. Additional research will inform how hospitals target care processes to meet the needs of older adults with complex social needs. Further study can also explore overlapping disadvantage domains of socioeconomic status, race, and rurality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellia Hansmann
- University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Ryan Powell
- Geriatrics Division, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Amy Kind
- Geriatrics Division, Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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Baxter M, Bethune C, Powell R, Morgan M. Point prevalence of penicillin allergy in hospital inpatients. J Hosp Infect 2020; 106:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Barker L, Tivers MS, Kathrani A, Allerton F, Powell R, Stam L, Black V. Serological markers of gluten sensitivity in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:630-636. [PMID: 32845530 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate serological markers of gluten sensitivity in conjunction with cholecystokinin measurement in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records from two referral hospitals were obtained between 2011 and 2019 to identify Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles, non-Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles and control Border terriers with non-biliary diseases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed on stored fasted serum samples for anti-gliadin IgG, anti-canine transglutaminase-2-IgA autoantibodies and cholecystokinin. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskall-Wallis test to identify differences between the groups. RESULTS Fifteen Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles, 17 non-Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles and 14 control Border terriers with non-biliary diseases were recruited. Median transglutaminase-2-IgA autoantibodies in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles was 0.73 (range: 0.18 to 1.67), which was significantly greater than in control Border terriers at 0.41 (0.07 to 1.14). Median cholecystokinin concentration in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles was 13 pg/mL (6 to 45 pg/mL), which was significantly lower than in control Border terriers at 103 pg/mL (9 to 397 pg/mL). There was no difference in the anti-gliadin IgG between these groups. There was no difference observed in the non-Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles with either of the other groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Reduced cholecystokinin and increased transglutaminase-2-IgA autoantibodies was detected in Border terriers with gall bladder mucocoeles; which is in part homologous to gall bladder disease identified in human coeliac disease. The results suggest an immunological disease with impaired cholecystokinin release may be affecting gall bladder motility and possibly contributing to mucocoele formation in Border terriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barker
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - M S Tivers
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Wakefield, WF1 2DF, UK
| | - A Kathrani
- Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - F Allerton
- Willows Veterinary Referrals, Solihull, B90 4NH, UK
| | - R Powell
- SYNLAB-VPG, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, SG5 3HR, UK
| | - L Stam
- SYNLAB-VPG, Manor Farm Business Park, Hertfordshire, SG5 3HR, UK
| | - V Black
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, BS40 5DU, UK
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Hunt JFV, Buckingham W, Kim AJ, Oh J, Vogt NM, Jonaitis EM, Hunt TK, Zuelsdorff M, Powell R, Norton D, Rissman RA, Asthana S, Okonkwo OC, Johnson SC, Kind AJH, Bendlin BB. Association of Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage With Cerebral and Hippocampal Volume. JAMA Neurol 2020; 77:451-460. [PMID: 31904767 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Importance Identifying risk factors for brain atrophy during the aging process can help direct new preventive approaches for dementia and cognitive decline. The association of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with brain volume in this context is not well known. Objective To test whether neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with decreased brain volume in a cognitively unimpaired population enriched for Alzheimer disease risk. Design, Setting, and Participants This study, conducted from January 6, 2010, to January 17, 2019, at an academic research neuroimaging center, used cross-sectional data on 951 participants from 2 large, ongoing cohort studies of Alzheimer disease (Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention and Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center clinical cohort). Participants were cognitively unimpaired based on National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroup diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease, confirmed through a consensus diagnosis panel. The cohort was enriched for Alzheimer disease risk based on family history of dementia. Statistical analysis was performed from April 3 to September 27, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The Area Deprivation Index, a geospatially determined index of neighborhood-level disadvantage, and cardiovascular disease risk indices were calculated for each participant. Linear regression models were fitted to test associations between relative neighborhood-level disadvantage (highest 20% based on state of residence) and hippocampal and total brain tissue volume, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Results In the primary analysis of 951 participants (637 women [67.0%]; mean [SD] age, 63.9 [8.1] years), living in the 20% most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with 4.1% lower hippocampal volume (β = -317.44; 95% CI, -543.32 to -91.56; P = .006) and 2.0% lower total brain tissue volume (β = -20 959.67; 95% CI, -37 611.92 to -4307.43; P = .01), after controlling for intracranial volume, individual-level educational attainment, age, and sex. Robust propensity score-matched analyses determined that this association was not due to racial/ethnic or demographic characteristics. Cardiovascular risk score, examined in a subsample of 893 participants, mediated this association for total brain tissue but not for hippocampal volume. Conclusions and Relevance For cognitively unimpaired individuals, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with significantly lower cerebral volumes, after controlling for maximal premorbid (total intracranial) volume. This finding suggests an association of community socioeconomic context, distinct from individual-level socioeconomic status, with brain volume during aging. Cardiovascular risk mediated this association for total brain tissue volume but not for hippocampal volume, suggesting that neighborhood-level disadvantage may be associated with these 2 outcomes via distinct biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack F V Hunt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - William Buckingham
- Health Services and Care Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Alice J Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jennifer Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Nicholas M Vogt
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Erin M Jonaitis
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Tenah K Hunt
- Wisconsin Center for Education Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Ryan Powell
- Health Services and Care Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
| | - Derek Norton
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Hospital Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Hospital Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Hospital Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy J H Kind
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Health Services and Care Research Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Hospital Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Hospital Department of Veterans Affairs, Madison, Wisconsin
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Krekeler BN, Vitale K, Yee J, Powell R, Rogus-Pulia N. Adherence to Dysphagia Treatment Recommendations: A Conceptual Model. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2020; 63:1641-1657. [PMID: 32432958 PMCID: PMC7839030 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Conceptual models of complex health problems are useful when designing targeted clinical interventions and focused research studies. Understanding and studying patient adherence often involves interplay among many factors that influence whether a patient successfully follows recommendations or completes a therapy program. Functional frameworks serve to arrange these factors visually, increasing interpretability and allowing for empirical testing of relationships among concepts. The purpose of this article is to integrate relevant factors from the literature into a comprehensive framework that describes adherence to dysphagia treatment. Method Using peer-reviewed, published guidelines regarding conceptual model construction, the authors created a list of potential factors that influence patient adherence to dysphagia-related treatment recommendations. During model construction, following extensive review of the literature and existing theories that have been applied in other areas of health care, factors were identified and grouped into conceptually similar domains (clusters). Clusters were arranged into larger categories that emerged during model optimization. Ultimately, two models were created: one that illustrates the interrelated factors of patient adherence and another that illustrates a subset of modifiable risk factors that a clinical speech-language pathologist may influence when developing a dysphagia treatment plan. Results Three general categories from 14 factors emerged based on relationships between factors and aspects of patient care: health factors, individual patient factors, and contextual factors. A second model consisting of modifiable risk factors included access, treatment type, patient perceptions, self-efficacy, health literacy, support factors, and provider bias. Conclusions This conceptual model allows clinicians and researchers to identify and explore the mechanisms driving adherence. Continual refinements of this model should be made as future studies uncover how the interconnectedness of factors affects adherence in dysphagia management. The models we have presented here are ready for clinical application and should also serve researchers as they generate hypotheses and design targeted research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany N. Krekeler
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
- Roxelyn and Richard Pepper Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kailey Vitale
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI
| | - Joanne Yee
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI
| | - Ryan Powell
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI
| | - Nicole Rogus-Pulia
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin–Madison
- Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, WI
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Mills LJ, Hunter E, Sarver AL, Seelig D, Back J, James L, Jandor N, Brayer P, Lavin T, Powell R, Salter M, Green J, Ramadass A, Akoulitchev A, Modiano JF. Abstract A42: Development and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for B-cell lymphoma using EpiSwitchTM profiling of whole blood: From humans to canines. Clin Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.liqbiop20-a42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Backgound: Changes in chromosome conformation are strongly associated with different clinical phenotypes and outcomes for a variety of diseases. Here, we used the EpiSwitchTM platform technology to evaluate chromosome conformation signatures (CCS) as biomarkers for detection of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We examined whether established, systemic liquid biopsy biomarkers previously characterized in human DLBCL patients by EpiSwitchTM would translate to dogs with the homologous disease. Orthologous sequence conversion of CCS from humans to dogs was first verified and validated in control and lymphoma canine cohorts.
Methods: Blood samples from dogs with DLBCL and from apparently healthy dogs were obtained as part of the comparative cancer genomics and veterinary clinical trials programs of the Animal Cancer Care and Research Program of the University of Minnesota. Dog owners provided signed informed consent, and all studies were done under protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee of the University of Minnesota. All of the dogs diagnosed with DLBCL were part of the LICKing Lymphoma trial. Blood samples were obtained from each dog prior to initiating treatment at day+5 after the experimental intervention, but prior to initiating doxorubicin chemotherapy. EpiSwitchTM technology (Oxford Biodynamics) was used to monitor systemic epigenetic biomarkers for CCS. This application was based on published methodology for validated predictive biomarkers for response to treatment, systemic blood-based monitoring of oncologic conditions, and proprietary programs in collaboration with Roche/Genentech for liquid biopsy development for DLBCL prognosis.
Results: A 11-marker classifier was generated with whole blood from 28 dogs, 14 diagnosed with DLBCL and 14 controls with no apparent disease, from a pool of 75 EpiSwitchTM CCSs identified in human DLBCL. Validation of the developed diagnostic markers was performed on a second cohort of 10 dogs: 5 with DLBCL and 5 controls. The classifier delivered stratifications for DLBCL vs. non-DLBCL with 80% accuracy, 80% sensitivity, 80% specificity, 80% positive predictive value (PPV), and 80% negative predictive value (NPV) on the second cohort.
Conclusions: The established EpiSwitchTM classifier contains strong systemic binary markers of epigenetic deregulation with features normally attributed to genetic markers: the binary status of these classifying markers is statistically significant for diagnosis, and it is translatable across species. The data suggest that certain features of the higher-order structural chromatin organization associated with DLBCL, and perhaps other homologous cancers, may be evolutionarily conserved. Altogether, these findings highlight the potential of the EpiSwitchTM approach for disease diagnosis and further applications using liquid biopsies in humans and dogs.
Citation Format: Lauren J. Mills, Ewan Hunter, Aaron L. Sarver, Davis Seelig, Jennifer Back, Louis James, Navin Jandor, Polina Brayer, Thomas Lavin, Ryan Powell, Matthew Salter, Jayne Green, Aroul Ramadass, Alexandre Akoulitchev, Jaime F. Modiano. Development and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for B-cell lymphoma using EpiSwitchTM profiling of whole blood: From humans to canines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Liquid Biopsies; Jan 13-16, 2020; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(11_Suppl):Abstract nr A42.
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Pangione L, Skilton R, Powell R. A taxonomy approach to failure mode analysis for use in predictive condition monitoring. Fusion Engineering and Design 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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SINGH A, Owen-Smith S, Herbert R, Powell R, McCormick F, Kiani I. SUN-434 WHEN PROPHYLAXIS BECAME THE PROBLEM; AN INTERESTING CASE OF GRANULOMATOUS NEPHRITIS IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENT WHO WAS ON ROUTINE ANTIBIOTIC PROPHYLAXIS. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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19
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Page E, Wingate E, Khan A, Stevenson R, Ghafoor Q, Baijal S. Durvalumab for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): early access programme (EAP) in University Hospitals Birmingham (UHB), UK. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30136-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kussaibati R, Bosch P, Powell R, Tilby M, Robinson A, Baijal S. Management of stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); outcomes from University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust (UHB). Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Khan A, Sivapalasuntharam A, Wilson P, Chowdhary R, Murukesh N, Jain A, Iqbal M, Ghafoor Q, Baijal S. First-line and beyond: West Midlands real-world data for EGFR mutant (EGFRm) NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Powell R, Nielsen T. The relationship of nightmares, insomnia, cataplexy, mirror behaviors, and psychological distress to suicidal ideation in undergraduate students. Sleep Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cartwright E, Turkes F, Saffery C, Kalaitzaki E, Powell R, Wotherspoon A, De Paepe K, von Loga K, Hubank M, Rao S, Watkins D, Chau I, Starling N, Cunningham D. EMERGE: Epigenetic modulation of the immune response in gastrointestinal cancers. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz246.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Scadding GK, Kariyawasam HH, Scadding G, Mirakian R, Buckley RJ, Dixon T, Durham SR, Farooque S, Jones N, Leech S, Nasser SM, Powell R, Roberts G, Rotiroti G, Simpson A, Smith H, Clark AT. BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017; First edition 2007). Clin Exp Allergy 2019; 47:856-889. [PMID: 30239057 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This is an updated guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, first published in 2007. It was produced by the Standards of Care Committee of the British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, using accredited methods. Allergic rhinitis is common and affects 10-15% of children and 26% of adults in the UK, it affects quality of life, school and work attendance, and is a risk factor for development of asthma. Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed by history and examination, supported by specific allergy tests. Topical nasal corticosteroids are the treatment of choice for moderate to severe disease. Combination therapy with intranasal corticosteroid plus intranasal antihistamine is more effective than either alone and provides second line treatment for those with rhinitis poorly controlled on monotherapy. Immunotherapy is highly effective when the specific allergen is the responsible driver for the symptoms. Treatment of rhinitis is associated with benefits for asthma. Non-allergic rhinitis also is a risk factor for the development of asthma and may be eosinophilic and steroid-responsive or neurogenic and non- inflammatory. Non-allergic rhinitis may be a presenting complaint for systemic disorders such as granulomatous or eosinophilic polyangiitis, and sarcoidoisis. Infective rhinitis can be caused by viruses, and less commonly by bacteria, fungi and protozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Scadding
- The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - H H Kariyawasam
- The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK.,UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - G Scadding
- Department of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College NHLI, London, UK
| | - R Mirakian
- The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - R J Buckley
- Vision and Eye Research Unit, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Dixon
- Royal Liverpool and Broad green University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - S R Durham
- Department of Upper Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College NHLI, London, UK
| | - S Farooque
- Chest and Allergy Department, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - N Jones
- The Park Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Leech
- Department of Child Health, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - S M Nasser
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Powell
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Nottingham University, Nottingham UK
| | - G Roberts
- Department of Child Health, University of Southampton Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - G Rotiroti
- The Royal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, UK
| | - H Smith
- Division of Primary Care and Public Health, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - A T Clark
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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Dumbrill J, Conway D, Atkinson D, Bryan A, Powell R. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire and its relationship to performance at cardiopulmonary exercise testing in preoperative patients. Br J Anaesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Baijal S. Optimising management of EGFR mutant NSCLC through circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) monitoring. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Powell R, Kussaibati R, Baijal S. Resistance beyond osimertinib. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Gandhi R, Kussaibati R, Powell R, Baijal S. Efficacy and safety of systemic treatment for older lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(19)30213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Britt J, Powell R, McMahan C, Bruce T, Duckett S. PSXV-25 Placental histology using H&E and Ki67 after exposure to ergot alkaloids during mid and late gestation. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Britt
- Clemson University,Clemson, SC, United States
| | - R Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility,Clemson, SC, United States
| | - C McMahan
- Bioengineering,Clemson, SC, United States
| | - T Bruce
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility,Clemson, SC, United States
| | - S Duckett
- Clemson University,Clemson, SC, United States
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Vasanthan V, Powell R, Aluthman U, Maitland A, Nagendran J, Kent W. OUTCOMES OF STENTLESS BIOPROSTHETIC AORTIC VALVES: THE ALBERTA EXPERIENCE. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Lowrie M, Garden OA, Hadjivassiliou M, Sanders DS, Powell R, Garosi L. Characterization of Paroxysmal Gluten-Sensitive Dyskinesia in Border Terriers Using Serological Markers. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:775-781. [PMID: 29424456 PMCID: PMC5866963 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paroxysmal gluten-sensitive dyskinesia (PGSD) in border terriers (BTs) results from an immunologic response directed against transglutaminase (TG)2 and gliadin. Recent evidence suggests that PGSD is only one aspect of a range of possible manifestations of gluten sensitivity in the breed. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Gluten sensitivity in BTs is a heterogeneous disease process with a diverse clinical spectrum; to characterize the phenotype of PGSD using TG2 and gliadin autoantibodies as diagnostic markers. ANIMALS One hundred twenty-eight client-owned BTs with various disorders. METHODS Prospective study. BTs with paroxysmal episodes and a normal interictal examination were phenotyped using footage of a representative episode and assigned to 3 groups: idiopathic epilepsy (IE), paroxysmal dyskinesia (PD), or other. Owners of each dog completed a questionnaire to obtain information regarding clinical signs. Healthy BTs formed a control group. Serum antibodies against TG2 and AGA were measured in all dogs. RESULTS One hundred twenty-eight BTs were enrolled; 45 with PD, 28 with IE, 35 with other conditions, and 20 controls. Three overlapping phenotypes were identified; PD, signs suggestive of gastrointestinal disease, and dermatopathy. AGA-IgG concentrations were increased in PD, compared with IE (P = 0.012), controls (P < 0.0001) and other (P = 0.018) conditions. Anti-canine TG2-IgA concentrations were increased in PD, compared with IE (P < 0.0001), controls (P < 0.0001) and other (P = 0.012) conditions. Serological markers are highly specific for PGSD but lack sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS PGSD appears part of a syndrome of gluten intolerance consisting of episodes of transient dyskinesia, signs suggestive of gastrointestinal disease, and dermatological hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lowrie
- Dovecote Veterinary Hospital, Derby DE74 2LJ, England
| | - O A Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Hadjivassiliou
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, England
| | - D S Sanders
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield S10 2JF, England
| | - R Powell
- Powell Torrance Diagnostic Services, Unit 2a Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, SG5 3HR, England
| | - L Garosi
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hitchin, SG5 3HR, England
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Killeen J, Castillo E, Vilke G, Chan T, Dunford J, Kahn C, Powell R, Sparks J, Pringles J, Chavez D, Branning M. 3 Out-of-Hospital to Emergency Department Data Exchange: A SAFR Transition of Care. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jonasch E, Fuller G, McCutcheon I, Ding Z, Zhou L, Liu X, Kong W, Powell R, Park IY, Tannir N, Rathmell W, Dong B, Matin S, Tong X, Huang Y, Tong P, Wang J, Walker C, Sun M. The role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF1B) loss in chromophobe RCC (ChRCC) development. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx391.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Short AK, Yeshurun S, Powell R, Perreau VM, Fox A, Kim JH, Pang TY, Hannan AJ. Exercise alters mouse sperm small noncoding RNAs and induces a transgenerational modification of male offspring conditioned fear and anxiety. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1114. [PMID: 28463242 PMCID: PMC5534950 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the preconceptual lifestyle and other environmental exposures of a father can significantly alter the physiological and behavioral phenotypes of their children. We and others have shown that paternal preconception stress, regardless of whether the stress was experienced during early-life or adulthood, results in offspring with altered anxiety and depression-related behaviors, attributed to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation. The transgenerational response to paternal preconceptual stress is believed to be mediated by sperm-borne small noncoding RNAs, specifically microRNAs. As physical activity confers physical and mental health benefits for the individual, we used a model of voluntary wheel-running and investigated the transgenerational response to paternal exercise. We found that male offspring of runners had suppressed reinstatement of juvenile fear memory, and reduced anxiety in the light-dark apparatus during adulthood. No changes in these affective behaviors were observed in female offspring. We were surprised to find that running had a limited impact on sperm-borne microRNAs. The levels of three unique microRNAs (miR-19b, miR-455 and miR-133a) were found to be altered in the sperm of runners. In addition, we discovered that the levels of two species of tRNA-derived RNAs (tDRs)-tRNA-Gly and tRNA-Pro-were also altered by running. Taken together, we believe this is the first evidence that paternal exercise is associated with an anxiolytic behavioral phenotype of male offspring and altered levels of small noncoding RNAs in sperm. These small noncoding RNAs are known to have an impact on post-transcriptional gene regulation and can thus change the developmental trajectory of offspring brains and associated affective behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Short
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics and Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - S Yeshurun
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - R Powell
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - V M Perreau
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A Fox
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J H Kim
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - T Y Pang
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - A J Hannan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Leong KS, Titman A, Brown M, Powell R, Moore E, Bowen-Jones D. A retrospective study of seven-day consultant working: reductions in mortality and length of stay. J R Coll Physicians Edinb 2017; 45:261-7. [PMID: 27070886 DOI: 10.4997/jrcpe.2015.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Weekend admission is associated with higher in-hospital mortality than weekday admission. Whether providing enhanced weekend staffing for acute medical inpatient services reduces mortality or length of stay is unknown. METHODS This paper describes a retrospective analysis of in-hospital mortality and length of stay before and after introduction of an enhanced, consultant-led weekend service in acute medicine in November 2012. In-hospital mortality was compared for matching admission calendar months before and after introduction of the new service, adjusted for case volume. Length of stay and 30-day postdischarge mortality were also compared; illness severity of patients admitted was assessed by cross-sectional acuity audits. RESULTS Admission numbers increased from 6,304 (November 2011-July 2012) to 7,382 (November 2012-July 2013), with no change in acuity score in elderly medical patients but a small fall in younger patients. At the same time, however, a 57% increase in early-warning score triggered calls was seen in 2013 (410 calls vs 262 calls in 2012; p<0.01). Seven-day consultant working was associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality from 11.4% to 8.8% (p<0.001). Mortality within 30 days of discharge fell from 2.4% to 2.0% (p=0.12). Length of stay fell by 1.9 days (95% CI 1.1-2.7; p=0.004) for elderly medicine wards and by 1.7 days (95% CI 0.8-2.6; p=0.008) for medical wards. Weekend discharges increased from general medical wards (from 13.6% to 18.8%, p<0.001) but did not increase from elderly medicine wards. CONCLUSIONS Introduction of an enhanced, consultant-led model of working at weekends was associated with reduced in-hospital and 30-day post discharge mortality rates as well as reduced length of stay. These results require confirmation in rigorously designed prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Leong
- D Bowen-Jones, Wirral University Teaching Hospital, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, CH49 5PE, UK. Email
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Scott FL, Clemons B, Brooks J, Brahmachary E, Powell R, Dedman H, Desale HG, Timony GA, Martinborough E, Rosen H, Roberts E, Boehm MF, Peach RJ. Ozanimod (RPC1063) is a potent sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1P1 ) and receptor-5 (S1P5 ) agonist with autoimmune disease-modifying activity. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1778-92. [PMID: 26990079 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sphingosine1-phosphate (S1P) receptors mediate multiple events including lymphocyte trafficking, cardiac function, and endothelial barrier integrity. Stimulation of S1P1 receptors sequesters lymphocyte subsets in peripheral lymphoid organs, preventing their trafficking to inflamed tissue sites, modulating immunity. Targeting S1P receptors for treating autoimmune disease has been established in clinical studies with the non-selective S1P modulator, FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya™). The purpose of this study was to assess RPC1063 for its therapeutic utility in autoimmune diseases. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The specificity and potency of RPC1063 (ozanimod) was evaluated for all five S1P receptors, and its effect on cell surface S1P1 receptor expression, was characterized in vitro. The oral pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and pharmacodynamic effects were established in rodents, and its activity in three models of autoimmune disease (experimental autoimmune encephalitis, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid colitis and CD4(+) CD45RB(hi) T cell adoptive transfer colitis) was assessed. KEY RESULTS RPC1063 was specific for S1P1 and S1P5 receptors, induced S1P1 receptor internalization and induced a reversible reduction in circulating B and CCR7(+) T lymphocytes in vivo. RPC1063 showed high oral bioavailability and volume of distribution, and a circulatory half-life that supports once daily dosing. Oral RPC1063 reduced inflammation and disease parameters in all three autoimmune disease models. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS S1P receptor selectivity, favourable PK properties and efficacy in three distinct disease models supports the clinical development of RPC1063 for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease, differentiates RPC1063 from other S1P receptor agonists, and could result in improved safety outcomes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Brooks
- Receptos Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - R Powell
- Receptos Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - H Dedman
- Receptos Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - H Rosen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Mikucki JA, Lee PA, Ghosh D, Purcell AM, Mitchell AC, Mankoff KD, Fisher AT, Tulaczyk S, Carter S, Siegfried MR, Fricker HA, Hodson T, Coenen J, Powell R, Scherer R, Vick-Majors T, Achberger AA, Christner BC, Tranter M. Subglacial Lake Whillans microbial biogeochemistry: a synthesis of current knowledge. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:rsta.2014.0290. [PMID: 26667908 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Liquid water occurs below glaciers and ice sheets globally, enabling the existence of an array of aquatic microbial ecosystems. In Antarctica, large subglacial lakes are present beneath hundreds to thousands of metres of ice, and scientific interest in exploring these environments has escalated over the past decade. After years of planning, the first team of scientists and engineers cleanly accessed and retrieved pristine samples from a West Antarctic subglacial lake ecosystem in January 2013. This paper reviews the findings to date on Subglacial Lake Whillans and presents new supporting data on the carbon and energy metabolism of resident microbes. The analysis of water and sediments from the lake revealed a diverse microbial community composed of bacteria and archaea that are close relatives of species known to use reduced N, S or Fe and CH4 as energy sources. The water chemistry of Subglacial Lake Whillans was dominated by weathering products from silicate minerals with a minor influence from seawater. Contributions to water chemistry from microbial sulfide oxidation and carbonation reactions were supported by genomic data. Collectively, these results provide unequivocal evidence that subglacial environments in this region of West Antarctica host active microbial ecosystems that participate in subglacial biogeochemical cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Mikucki
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA Department of Biology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - P A Lee
- Hollings Marine Lab, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - D Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - A M Purcell
- Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - A C Mitchell
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - K D Mankoff
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - A T Fisher
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - S Tulaczyk
- Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - S Carter
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - M R Siegfried
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - H A Fricker
- Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - T Hodson
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - J Coenen
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - R Powell
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - R Scherer
- Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences Northern, Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - T Vick-Majors
- Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - A A Achberger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - B C Christner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - M Tranter
- Bristol Glaciology Centre, Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
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Lowrie M, Garden OA, Hadjivassiliou M, Harvey RJ, Sanders DS, Powell R, Garosi L. The Clinical and Serological Effect of a Gluten-Free Diet in Border Terriers with Epileptoid Cramping Syndrome. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:1564-8. [PMID: 26500168 PMCID: PMC4895653 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome (CECS) is a paroxysmal movement disorder of Border Terriers (BTs). These dogs might respond to a gluten‐free diet. Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological effect of a gluten‐free diet in BTs with CECS. Animals Six client‐owned BTs with clinically confirmed CECS. Methods Dogs were prospectively recruited that had at least a 6‐month history of CECS based on the observed phenomenology (using video) and had exhibited at least 2 separate episodes on different days. Dogs were tested for anti‐transglutaminase 2 (TG2 IgA) and anti‐gliadin (AGA IgG) antibodies in the serum at presentation, and 3, 6, and 9 months after the introduction of a gluten‐free diet. Duodenal biopsies were performed in 1 dog. Results Serum TG2 IgA titers were increased in 6/6 BTs (P = .006) and AGA IgG titers were increased in 5/6 BTs at presentation compared to those of controls (P = .018). After 9 months, there was clinical and serological improvement in all BTs with CECS strictly adhering to a gluten‐free diet (5/5). One dog had persistently increased antibody titers. This dog scavenged horse manure. On the strict introduction of a gluten‐free diet this dog also had an improved clinical and serological response. The diet‐associated improvement was reversible in 2 dogs on completion of the study, both of which suffered a relapse of CECS on the re‐introduction of gluten. Conclusions Canine epileptoid cramping syndrome in BTs is a gluten‐sensitive movement disorder triggered and perpetuated by gluten and thus responsive to a gluten‐free diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lowrie
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK
| | - O A Garden
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - M Hadjivassiliou
- Department of Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R J Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - D S Sanders
- Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - R Powell
- Powell Torrance Diagnostic Services, Higham Gobion, UK
| | - L Garosi
- Davies Veterinary Specialists, Hitchin, UK
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R. Powell
- Powell Torrance Diagnostic Services; Higham Gobion Bedfordshire UK
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Summers KM, Ogden R, Clements DN, French AT, Gow AG, Powell R, Corcoran B, Mellanby RJ, Schoeman JP. Limited genetic divergence between dog breeds from geographically isolated countries. Vet Rec 2014; 175:562. [PMID: 25331973 PMCID: PMC4283627 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K M Summers
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R Ogden
- WildGenes Laboratory, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, Edinburgh EH12 6TS, UK
| | - D N Clements
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - A T French
- Small Animal Hospital, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - A G Gow
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R Powell
- Powell Torrance Diagnostic Services, Manor Farm Business Park, Higham Gobion, Hertfordshire SG5 3HR, UK
| | - B Corcoran
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R J Mellanby
- The Roslin Institute and The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - J P Schoeman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort 0110, Republic of South Africa
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Diamond K, Trovillion D, Allen KE, Malela KM, Noble DA, Powell R, Eifler DA, Gifford ME. Individual (co)variation of field behavior and locomotor performance in curly tailed lizards. J Zool (1987) 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Diamond
- Department of Biology University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - D. Trovillion
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis OR USA
| | - K. E. Allen
- Department of Biology Truman State University Kirksville MO USA
| | - K. M. Malela
- Department of Environmental Health University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana
| | - D. A. Noble
- Department of Biology Hendrix College Conway AR USA
| | - R. Powell
- Department of Biology Avila University Kansas City MO USA
| | | | - M. E. Gifford
- Department of Biology University of Central Arkansas Conway AR USA
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Christner BC, Priscu JC, Achberger AM, Barbante C, Carter SP, Christianson K, Michaud AB, Mikucki JA, Mitchell AC, Skidmore ML, Vick-Majors TJ, Adkins WP, Anandakrishnan S, Barcheck G, Beem L, Behar A, Beitch M, Bolsey R, Branecky C, Edwards R, Fisher A, Fricker HA, Foley N, Guthrie B, Hodson T, Horgan H, Jacobel R, Kelley S, Mankoff KD, McBryan E, Powell R, Purcell A, Sampson D, Scherer R, Sherve J, Siegfried M, Tulaczyk S. A microbial ecosystem beneath the West Antarctic ice sheet. Nature 2014; 512:310-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Frowde PE, Gow AG, Burton CA, Powell R, Lipscomb VJ, House AK, Mellanby RJ, Tivers MS. Hepatic hepcidin gene expression in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1203-5. [PMID: 24962818 PMCID: PMC4857939 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcytic anemia is common in dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS) and typically resolves after surgical attenuation of the anomalous vessel. However, the pathophysiology of the microcytic anemia remains poorly understood. Hepcidin has been a key role in controlling iron transport in both humans and animals and in mediating anemia of inflammatory disease in humans. The role of hepcidin in the development of microcytic anemia in dogs with a cPSS has not been examined. Hypothesis To determine whether hepatic hepcidin mRNA expression decreases, while red blood cell count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increase in dogs after surgical attenuation of a cPSS. Animals Eighteen client‐owned dogs with confirmed cPSS undergoing surgical attenuation. Method Prospective study. Red blood cell count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), together with hepatic gene expression of hepcidin, were measured in dogs before and after partial attenuation of a cPSS. Results There was a significant increase in both RBC (median pre 6.17 × 1012/L, median post 7.08 × 1012/L, P < .001) and MCV (median pre 61.5fl, median post 65.5fl, P = .006) after partial surgical attenuation of the cPSS. Despite the increase in both measured red blood cell parameters, hepatic gene expression of hepcidin remained unchanged. Conclusions and Clinical Importance This study found no evidence that dysregulated production of hepcidin was associated with anemia in dogs with a cPSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Frowde
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Hospital for Small Animals, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Kilpatrick S, Jacinto A, Foale RD, Tappin SW, Burton C, Frowde PE, Elwood CM, Powell R, Duncan A, Mellanby RJ, Gow AG. Whole blood manganese concentrations in dogs with primary hepatitis. J Small Anim Pract 2014; 55:241-6. [PMID: 24593275 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased whole blood manganese concentrations have been reported in humans with primary liver disease. Due to the neurotoxic effects of manganese, altered manganese homeostasis has been linked to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Whole blood manganese concentrations are increased in cases of canine congenital portosystemic shunts, but it remains unclear whether dogs with primary hepatopathies also have altered manganese homeostasis. METHODS Whole blood manganese concentrations were measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry in 21 dogs with primary hepatitis, 65 dogs with a congenital portosystemic shunt, 31 dogs with non-hepatic illnesses and 18 healthy dogs. RESULTS The whole blood manganese concentrations were significantly different between dogs with primary hepatitis, dogs with non-hepatic illnesses and healthy dogs (P=0·002). Dogs with primary hepatitis had significantly increased whole blood manganese concentrations compared with healthy dogs (P<0·05) and dogs with non-hepatic illnesses (P<0·01). Dogs with primary hepatitis had significantly lower whole blood manganese concentration compared with dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (P=0·0005). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dogs with primary hepatopathies have increased concentrations of whole blood manganese although these concentrations are not as high as those in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts. The role of altered manganese homeostasis in canine hepatic encephalopathy is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kilpatrick
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Hospital for Small Animals, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG
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Armstrong A, Powell C, Powell R, Hallam N, Taylor J, Bird J, Sarran C, Oliver D. Are we seeing the effects of public awareness campaigns? A 10-year analysis of Breslow thickness at presentation of malignant melanoma in the South West of England. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2013; 67:324-30. [PMID: 24434052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The last 20 years has seen a marked improvement in skin cancer awareness campaigns. We sought to establish whether this has affected the presenting Breslow thickness of malignant melanoma in the South West. METHOD This is a retrospective study looking at the first presentation of melanomas from 2003 to 2011. Data was accessed using the local online melanoma database. RESULTS A total of 2001 new melanomas presented from 2003 to 2012 (Male:Female = 1:1.062). The average yearly number of melanomas was 200.1 (range = 138-312). The mean age was 62.5 years (range 12-99). Data was analysed using a Chi² test. For 0-1 mm melanomas, there is a significant difference in the observed versus expected values over the 10 years (p = 0.0018). There is an increasing proportion of 0-1 mm (thin) melanomas presenting year on year, with a positive linear trend. This is very statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The 1-2 mm melanomas are decreasing in proportion with a negative linear trend (p = 0.0013). The 2-4 mm are also decreasing in proportion (p = 0.0253). There is no significant change in the thick >4 mm melanomas (p = 0.1456). CONCLUSION The proportion of thin 0-1 mm melanomas presenting in South West England has significantly increased from 2003 to 2012. There is no significant change in the thick >4 mm melanomas. This may be a result of increased public awareness due to effective public health campaigns which has significant prognostic and financial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Armstrong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - C Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Specialist Training Registrar in Plastic Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Frenchay Park Rd, Bristol, South Gloucestershire BS16 1LE, UK
| | - R Powell
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Research Design Consultant, Research Design Service (RDS) South West, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - N Hallam
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Cancer Audit Facilitator, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J Taylor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Department of Radiology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - J Bird
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Research Fellow ENT Surgery, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Hampshire SO16 6YD, UK
| | - C Sarran
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Heath Research Analyst, Met Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, UK
| | - D Oliver
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK; Consultant Plastic Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
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Negm O, McDermott EM, Drewe E, Powell R, Lucy F, Ian T, Tighe P. PW02-019 - Inflammatory pathways activation in TRAPS patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3953094 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bonelli S, Thompson P, Yogarajah M, Powell R, Samson R, McEvoy A, Symms M, Koepp M, Duncan J. Imaging memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: reorganisation of verbal and visual memory function following anterior temporal lobe resection. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kaufman I, Pandya S, Powell R, Fredrick J, Bossenberger T, Ramirez E, Yan Y, Solberg T, Burmeister J. Single Fraction Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for Spine Metastasis: A Dosimetric Comparison of Multiple Treatment Delivery Systems. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.06.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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