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Clod A, Senstius MG, Nielsen AH, Ragona R, Thrysøe AS, Kumar U, Coda S, Nielsen SK. Cascades of Parametric Instabilities in the Tokamak Plasma Edge during Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:135101. [PMID: 38613280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.135101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We report observations of nonlinear two-plasmon decay instabilities (TPDIs) of a high-power microwave beam, a process similar to half-harmonic generation in optics, during electron cyclotron resonance heating in a tokamak. TPDIs are found to occur regularly in the plasma edge due to wave trapping in density fluctuations for various confinement modes, and the frequencies of both observed daughter waves agree with modeling. Emissions from a cascade of subsequent decays, which indicate a generation of ion Bernstein waves, are correlated with fast-ion generation. This emphasizes the limitations of standard linear microwave propagation models and possibly paves the way for novel microwave applications in plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Clod
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M G Senstius
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
| | - A H Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - R Ragona
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A S Thrysøe
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - U Kumar
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Coda
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Swiss Plasma Center (SPC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S K Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Ponomarenko S, Moseev D, Stange T, Krier L, Stordiau P, Braune H, Gantenbein G, Jelonnek J, Kuleshov A, Laqua HP, Lechte C, Marsen S, Nielsen SK, Oosterbeek JW, Plaum B, Ragona R, Rasmussen J, Ruess T, Salewski M, Thumm M, Zimmermann J. Development of the 174 GHz collective Thomson scattering diagnostics at Wendelstein 7-X. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:013501. [PMID: 38180346 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the design and commissioning results of the upgraded collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator. The diagnostic has a new radiometer designed to operate between the second and third harmonics of the electron cyclotron emission from the plasma at 171-177 GHz, where the emission background has a minimum and is of order 10-100 eV. It allows us to receive the scattered electromagnetic field with a significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio and extends the set of possible scattering geometries compared to the case of the original instrument operated at 140 GHz. The elements of the diagnostic are a narrowband notch filter and a frequency stabilized probing gyrotron that will allow measuring scattered radiation spectra very close to the probing frequency. Here, we characterize the microwave components applied to the radiometer and demonstrate the performance of the complete system that was achieved during the latest experimental campaign, OP2.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ponomarenko
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Moseev
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Stange
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Krier
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
- IHM, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P Stordiau
- Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - H Braune
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Gantenbein
- IHM, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Jelonnek
- IHM, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - A Kuleshov
- O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics, NASU, 61085 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - H P Laqua
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Lechte
- IGVP, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Marsen
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - S K Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J W Oosterbeek
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Plaum
- IGVP, University of Stuttgart, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - R Ragona
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Rasmussen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Ruess
- IHM, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M Salewski
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Thumm
- IHM, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J Zimmermann
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, D-17491 Greifswald, Germany
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Nielsen SK, Hansen FG, Rasmussen TB, Fischer T, Lassen JF, Madsen T, Møller DS, Klausen IC, Brodersen JB, Jensen MSK, Mogensen J. Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Normal Genetic Investigations Have Few Affected Relatives. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 82:1751-1761. [PMID: 37879779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend that relatives of index patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are offered clinical investigations to identify individuals at risk of adverse disease complications and sudden cardiac death. However, the value of family screening in relatives of index patients with a normal genetic investigation of recognized HCM genes is largely unknown. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to perform family screening among relatives of HCM index patients with a normal genetic investigation to establish the frequency of familial disease and the clinical characteristics of affected individuals. METHODS Clinical and genetic investigations were performed in consecutive and unrelated HCM index patients. Relatives of index patients who did not carry pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in recognized HCM genes were invited for clinical investigations. RESULTS In total, 60% (270 of 453) of HCM index patients had a normal genetic investigation. A total of 80% of their relatives (751 of 938, median age 44 years) participated in the study. Of these, 5% (34 of 751) were diagnosed with HCM at baseline, whereas 0.3% (2 of 717 [751-34]) developed the condition during 5 years of follow-up. Their median age at diagnosis was 57 years (IQR: 51-70 years). Two-thirds (22 of 36) were diagnosed following family screening, whereas one-third (14 of 36) had been diagnosed previously because of cardiac symptoms, a murmur, or an abnormal electrocardiogram. None of the affected relatives experienced adverse disease complications. The risk of SCD was low. CONCLUSIONS Systematic family screening of index patients with HCM and normal genetic investigations was associated with a low frequency of affected relatives who appeared to have a favorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren K Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Frederikke G Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Cardiology, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jens F Lassen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Trine Madsen
- Department of Cardiology Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dorthe S Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Ib C Klausen
- Department of Cardiology, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - John B Brodersen
- Centre of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Unit for General Practice, Region Zealand, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Unit for General Practice, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten S K Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Lopes LR, Losi MA, Sheikh N, Laroche C, Charron P, Gimeno J, Kaski JP, Maggioni AP, Tavazzi L, Arbustini E, Brito D, Celutkiene J, Hagege A, Linhart A, Mogensen J, Garcia-Pinilla JM, Ripoll-Vera T, Seggewiss H, Villacorta E, Caforio A, Elliott PM, Beleslin B, Budaj A, Chioncel O, Dagres N, Danchin N, Erlinge D, Emberson J, Glikson M, Gray A, Kayikcioglu M, Maggioni A, Nagy KV, Nedoshivin A, Petronio AS, Hesselink JR, Wallentin L, Zeymer U, Caforio A, Blanes JRG, Charron P, Elliott P, Kaski JP, Maggioni AP, Tavazzi L, Tendera M, Komissarova S, Chakova N, Niyazova S, Linhart A, Kuchynka P, Palecek T, Podzimkova J, Fikrle M, Nemecek E, Bundgaard H, Tfelt-Hansen J, Theilade J, Thune JJ, Axelsson A, Mogensen J, Henriksen F, Hey T, Nielsen SK, Videbaek L, Andreasen S, Arnsted H, Saad A, Ali M, Lommi J, Helio T, Nieminen MS, Dubourg O, Mansencal N, Arslan M, Tsieu VS, Damy T, Guellich A, Guendouz S, Tissot CM, Lamine A, Rappeneau S, Hagege A, Desnos M, Bachet A, Hamzaoui M, Charron P, Isnard R, Legrand L, Maupain C, Gandjbakhch E, Kerneis M, Pruny JF, Bauer A, Pfeiffer B, Felix SB, Dorr M, Kaczmarek S, Lehnert K, Pedersen AL, Beug D, Bruder M, Böhm M, Kindermann I, Linicus Y, Werner C, Neurath B, Schild-Ungerbuehler M, Seggewiss H, Pfeiffer B, Neugebauer A, McKeown P, Muir A, McOsker J, Jardine T, Divine G, Elliott P, Lorenzini M, Watkinson O, Wicks E, Iqbal H, Mohiddin S, O'Mahony C, Sekri N, Carr-White G, Bueser T, Rajani R, Clack L, Damm J, Jones S, Sanchez-Vidal R, Smith M, Walters T, Wilson K, Rosmini S, Anastasakis A, Ritsatos K, Vlagkouli V, Forster T, Sepp R, Borbas J, Nagy V, Tringer A, Kakonyi K, Szabo LA, Maleki M, Bezanjani FN, Amin A, Naderi N, Parsaee M, Taghavi S, Ghadrdoost B, Jafari S, Khoshavi M, Rapezzi C, Biagini E, Corsini A, Gagliardi C, Graziosi M, Longhi S, Milandri A, Ragni L, Palmieri S, Olivotto I, Arretini A, Castelli G, Cecchi F, Fornaro A, Tomberli B, Spirito P, Devoto E, Bella PD, Maccabelli G, Sala S, Guarracini F, Peretto G, Russo MG, Calabro R, Pacileo G, Limongelli G, Masarone D, Pazzanese V, Rea A, Rubino M, Tramonte S, Valente F, Caiazza M, Cirillo A, Del Giorno G, Esposito A, Gravino R, Marrazzo T, Trimarco B, Losi MA, Di Nardo C, Giamundo A, Musella F, Pacelli F, Scatteia A, Canciello G, Caforio A, Iliceto S, Calore C, Leoni L, Marra MP, Rigato I, Tarantini G, Schiavo A, Testolina M, Arbustini E, Di Toro A, Giuliani LP, Serio A, Fedele F, Frustaci A, Alfarano M, Chimenti C, Drago F, Baban A, Calò L, Lanzillo C, Martino A, Uguccioni M, Zachara E, Halasz G, Re F, Sinagra G, Carriere C, Merlo M, Ramani F, Kavoliuniene A, Krivickiene A, Tamuleviciute-Prasciene E, Viezelis M, Celutkiene J, Balkeviciene L, Laukyte M, Paleviciute E, Pinto Y, Wilde A, Asselbergs FW, Sammani A, Van Der Heijden J, Van Laake L, De Jonge N, Hassink R, Kirkels JH, Ajuluchukwu J, Olusegun-Joseph A, Ekure E, Mizia-Stec K, Tendera M, Czekaj A, Sikora-Puz A, Skoczynska A, Wybraniec M, Rubis P, Dziewiecka E, Wisniowska-Smialek S, Bilinska Z, Chmielewski P, Foss-Nieradko B, Michalak E, Stepien-Wojno M, Mazek B, Lopes LR, Almeida AR, Cruz I, Gomes AC, Pereira AR, Brito D, Madeira H, Francisco AR, Menezes M, Moldovan O, Guimaraes TO, Silva D, Ginghina C, Jurcut R, Mursa A, Popescu BA, Apetrei E, Militaru S, Coman IM, Frigy A, Fogarasi Z, Kocsis I, Szabo IA, Fehervari L, Nikitin I, Resnik E, Komissarova M, Lazarev V, Shebzukhova M, Ustyuzhanin D, Blagova O, Alieva I, Kulikova V, Lutokhina Y, Pavlenko E, Varionchik N, Ristic AD, Seferovic PM, Veljic I, Zivkovic I, Milinkovic I, Pavlovic A, Radovanovic G, Simeunovic D, Zdravkovic M, Aleksic M, Djokic J, Hinic S, Klasnja S, Mircetic K, Monserrat L, Fernandez X, Garcia-Giustiniani D, Larrañaga JM, Ortiz-Genga M, Barriales-Villa R, Martinez-Veira C, Veira E, Cequier A, Salazar-Mendiguchia J, Manito N, Gonzalez J, Fernández-Avilés F, Medrano C, Yotti R, Cuenca S, Espinosa MA, Mendez I, Zatarain E, Alvarez R, Pavia PG, Briceno A, Cobo-Marcos M, Dominguez F, Galvan EDT, Pinilla JMG, Abdeselam-Mohamed N, Lopez-Garrido MA, Hidalgo LM, Ortega-Jimenez MV, Mezcua AR, Guijarro-Contreras A, Gomez-Garcia D, Robles-Mezcua M, Blanes JRG, Castro FJ, Esparza CM, Molina MS, García MS, Cuenca DL, de Mallorca P, Ripoll-Vera T, Alvarez J, Nunez J, Gomez Y, Fernandez PLS, Villacorta E, Avila C, Bravo L, Diaz-Pelaez E, Gallego-Delgado M, Garcia-Cuenllas L, Plata B, Lopez-Haldon JE, Pena Pena ML, Perez EMC, Zorio E, Arnau MA, Sanz J, Marques-Sule E. Association between common cardiovascular risk factors and clinical phenotype in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) EurObservational Research Programme (EORP) Cardiomyopathy/Myocarditis registry. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes 2022; 9:42-53. [PMID: 35138368 PMCID: PMC9745665 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The interaction between common cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is poorly studied. We sought to explore the relation between CVRF and the clinical characteristics of patients with HCM enrolled in the EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) Cardiomyopathy registry. METHODS AND RESULTS 1739 patients with HCM were studied. The relation between hypertension (HT), diabetes (DM), body mass index (BMI), and clinical traits was analysed. Analyses were stratified according to the presence or absence of a pathogenic variant in a sarcomere gene. The prevalence of HT, DM, and obesity (Ob) was 37, 10, and 21%, respectively. HT, DM, and Ob were associated with older age (P<0.001), less family history of HCM (HT and DM P<0.001), higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (P<0.001), atrial fibrillation (HT and DM P<0.001; Ob p = 0.03) and LV (left ventricular) diastolic dysfunction (HT and Ob P<0.001; DM P = 0.003). Stroke was more frequent in HT (P<0.001) and mutation-positive patients with DM (P = 0.02). HT and Ob were associated with higher provocable LV outflow tract gradients (HT P<0.001, Ob P = 0.036). LV hypertrophy was more severe in Ob (P = 0.018). HT and Ob were independently associated with NYHA class (OR 1.419, P = 0.017 and OR 1.584, P = 0.004, respectively). Other associations, including a higher proportion of females in HT and of systolic dysfunction in HT and Ob, were observed only in mutation-positive patients. CONCLUSION Common CVRF are associated with a more severe HCM phenotype, suggesting a proactive management of CVRF should be promoted. An interaction between genotype and CVRF was observed for some traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis R Lopes
- Corresponding author. Tel: +447765109343, , Twitter handle: @LuisRLopesDr
| | - Maria-Angela Losi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Corso Umberto I, 40, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Nabeel Sheikh
- Department of Cardiology and Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Guy's and St. Thomas’ Hospitals and King's College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Cécile Laroche
- EORP, European Society of Cardiology, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | | | - Juan P Kaski
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK,Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- EORP, European Society of Cardiology, Sophia-Antipolis, France,Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care&Research, Via Corriera, 1, Cotignola 48033 RA, Italy
| | - Luigi Tavazzi
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care&Research, Via Corriera, 1, Cotignola 48033 RA, Italy
| | | | - Dulce Brito
- Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon 1169-050, Portugal,CCUL, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz MB, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal
| | - Jelena Celutkiene
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Universiteto g. 3, Vilnius 01513, Lithuania,State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Ales Linhart
- 2nd Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, General University Hospital and First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Opletalova 38, Prague 110 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - José Manuel Garcia-Pinilla
- Unidad de Insuficiencia Cardiaca y Cardiopatías Familiares. Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria. IBIMA. Málaga and Ciber-Cardiovascular. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomas Ripoll-Vera
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Unit Son Llatzer University Hospital & IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Hubert Seggewiss
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Deutsches Zentrum für Herzinsuffizienz (DZHI), Comprehensive Heart Failure Center (CHFC), Am Schwarzenberg 15, Haus 15A, 97078 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Eduardo Villacorta
- Member of National Centers of expertise for familial cardiopathies (CSUR), Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca. Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), CIBERCV, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Perry M Elliott
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK,St. Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, Whitechapel Rd, London E1 1BB, UK
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Moseev D, Ochoukov R, Bobkov V, Dendy RO, Faugel H, Hartmann D, Kallmeyer JP, Lansky J, Laqua HP, Marsen S, McClements KG, Nielsen SK, Reintrog A, Salewski M, Schmidt BS, Schulz T, Stange T. Development of the ion cyclotron emission diagnostic for the W7-X stellarator. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:033546. [PMID: 33820048 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An ion cyclotron emission (ICE) diagnostic is prepared for installation into the W7-X stellarator, with the aim to be operated in the 2022 experimental campaign. The design is based on the successful ICE diagnostic on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The new diagnostic consists of four B-dot probes, mounted about 72° toroidally away (one module) from the neutral beam injector, with an unobstructed plasma view. Two of the B-dot probes are oriented parallel to the local magnetic field, aimed to detect fast magnetosonic waves. The remaining two probes are oriented poloidally, with the aim to detect slow waves. The radio frequency (RF) signals picked up by the probes are transferred via 50 Ω vacuum-compatible coaxial cables to RF detectors. Narrow band notch filters are used to protect the detectors from possible RF waves launched by the W7-X antenna. The signal will be sampled with a four-channel fast analog-to-digital converter with 14 bit depth and 1 GSample/s sampling rate. The diagnostic's phase-frequency characteristic is properly measured in order to allow measuring the wave vectors of the picked up waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - R Ochoukov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - V Bobkov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - R O Dendy
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - H Faugel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - D Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - J-P Kallmeyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - J Lansky
- Hochschule Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - H P Laqua
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - S Marsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - K G McClements
- Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S K Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A Reintrog
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - M Salewski
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B S Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs., Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Schulz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
| | - T Stange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald, Garching, Germany
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Hey TM, Rasmussen TB, Madsen T, Aagaard MM, Harbo M, Mølgaard H, Nielsen SK, Haas J, Meder B, Møller JE, Eiskjær H, Mogensen J. Clinical and Genetic Investigations of 109 Index Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy and 445 of Their Relatives. Circ Heart Fail 2020; 13:e006701. [PMID: 33019804 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was the aim to investigate the frequency and genetic basis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) among relatives of index patients with unexplained heart failure at a tertiary referral center. METHODS Clinical investigations were performed in 109 DCM index patients and 445 of their relatives. All index patients underwent genetic investigations of 76 disease-associated DCM genes. A family history of DCM occurred in 11% (n=12) while clinical investigations identified familial DCM in a total of 32% (n=35). One-fifth of all relatives (n=95) had DCM of whom 60% (n=57) had symptoms of heart failure at diagnosis, whereas 40% (n=38) were asymptomatic. Symptomatic relatives had a shorter event-free survival than asymptomatic DCM relatives (P<0.001). RESULTS Genetic investigations identified 43 pathogenic (n=27) or likely pathogenic (n=16) variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology criteria. Forty-four percent (n=48/109) of index patients carried a pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant of whom 36% (n=27/74) had sporadic DCM, whereas 60% (21/35) were familial cases. Thirteen of the pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were also present in ≥7 affected individuals and thereby considered to be of sufficient high confidence for use in predictive genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS A family history of DCM identified only 34% (n=12/35) of hereditary DCM, whereas systematic clinical screening identified the remaining 66% (n=23) of DCM families. This emphasized the importance of clinical investigations to identify familial DCM. The high number of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants identified in familial DCM provides a firm basis for offering genetic investigations in affected families. This should also be considered in sporadic cases since adequate family evaluation may not always be possible and the results of the genetic investigations may carry prognostic information with an impact on individual management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Hey
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., S.K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., .K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
| | - Torsten B Rasmussen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (T.B.R., H.M., H.E.)
| | - Trine Madsen
- Department of Cardiology Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.)
| | | | - Maria Harbo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Denmark (M.H., M.M.A.)
| | - Henning Mølgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (T.B.R., H.M., H.E.)
| | - Søren K Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., S.K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., .K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
| | - Jan Haas
- Institue for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III (J.H., B.M.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany (J.H., B.M.)
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Institue for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine III (J.H., B.M.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
- Klaus Tschira Institute für Computational Cardiology (B.M.), University of Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Germany (J.H., B.M.)
| | - Jacob E Møller
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., S.K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., .K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
| | - Hans Eiskjær
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (T.B.R., H.M., H.E.)
| | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., S.K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
- Odense Patient Data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Denmark (T.M.H., .K.N., J.E.M., J.M.)
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7
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Nielsen SK, Hansen F, Schrøder HD, Wibrand F, Gustafsson F, Mogensen J. Recessive Inheritance of a Rare Variant in the Nuclear Mitochondrial Gene for AARS2 in Late-Onset Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circ Genom Precis Med 2020; 13:560-562. [PMID: 32938192 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Søren K Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology (S.K.N., F.H., J.M.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (S.K.N., F.H., H.D.S., J.M.)
| | - Frederikke Hansen
- Department of Cardiology (S.K.N., F.H., J.M.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (S.K.N., F.H., H.D.S., J.M.)
| | - Henrik Daa Schrøder
- Department of Pathology (H.D.S.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (S.K.N., F.H., H.D.S., J.M.)
| | | | - Finn Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (F.G.)
| | - Jens Mogensen
- Department of Cardiology (S.K.N., F.H., J.M.), Odense University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense (S.K.N., F.H., H.D.S., J.M.)
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8
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Abramovic I, Pavone A, Moseev D, Lopes Cardozo NJ, Salewski M, Laqua HP, Stejner M, Stange T, Marsen S, Nielsen SK, Jensen T, Kasparek W. Forward modeling of collective Thomson scattering for Wendelstein 7-X plasmas: Electrostatic approximation. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:023501. [PMID: 30831775 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a method for numerical computation of collective Thomson scattering (CTS). We developed a forward model, eCTS, in the electrostatic approximation and benchmarked it against a full electromagnetic model. Differences between the electrostatic and the electromagnetic models are discussed. The sensitivity of the results to the ion temperature and the plasma composition is demonstrated. We integrated the model into the Bayesian data analysis framework Minerva and used it for the analysis of noisy synthetic data sets produced by a full electromagnetic model. It is shown that eCTS can be used for the inference of the bulk ion temperature. The model has been used to infer the bulk ion temperature from the first CTS measurements on Wendelstein 7-X.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Abramovic
- University of Technology Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - A Pavone
- Max-Planck Institut fur Plasma Physik, Greifswald, Germany
| | - D Moseev
- Max-Planck Institut fur Plasma Physik, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - M Salewski
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - H P Laqua
- Max-Planck Institut fur Plasma Physik, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Stejner
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Stange
- Max-Planck Institut fur Plasma Physik, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Marsen
- Max-Planck Institut fur Plasma Physik, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S K Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - W Kasparek
- University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Moseev D, Stejner M, Stange T, Abramovic I, Laqua HP, Marsen S, Schneider N, Braune H, Hoefel U, Kasparek W, Korsholm SB, Lechte C, Leipold F, Nielsen SK, Salewski M, Rasmussen J, Weißgerber M, Wolf RC. Collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at Wendelstein 7-X. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:013503. [PMID: 30709181 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A Collective Thomson Scattering (CTS) diagnostic is installed at Wendelstein 7-X for ion temperature measurements in the plasma core. The diagnostic utilizes 140 GHz gyrotrons usually used for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) as a source of probing radiation. The CTS diagnostic uses a quasi-optical transmission line covering a distance of over 40 m. The transmission line is shared between the ECRH system and the CTS diagnostic. Here we elaborate on the design, installation, and alignment of the CTS diagnostic and present the first measurements at Wendelstein 7-X.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moseev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - M Stejner
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - T Stange
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - I Abramovic
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - H P Laqua
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - S Marsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - N Schneider
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - H Braune
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - U Hoefel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - W Kasparek
- University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S B Korsholm
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Lechte
- University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - F Leipold
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S K Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Salewski
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Rasmussen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Weißgerber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
| | - R C Wolf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Greifswald and Garching, Germany
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10
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Abstract
The particle-in-cell (PIC) code EPOCH is used to simulate parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) converting a 105 GHz microwave X-mode pump wave into electrostatic daughter waves at the upper hybrid (UH) layer of a fusion plasma in 1D. The resulting fields are analyzed, identifying modes in f -and k-space, and estimating their spectral power as a function of pump wave intensity. Both linearly and nonlinearly converted modes are identified and their characteristics agree with literature. A dipole approximation employed in literature appears to be unjust.
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11
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Bakkestroem R, Banke A, Pecini R, Irmukhamedov A, Nielsen SK, Andersen MJ, Borlaug B, Moeller JE. P4214Association between atrial and ventricular remodeling assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and hemodynamic characteristics in primary mitral valve regurgitation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Bakkestroem
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Banke
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - R Pecini
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Irmukhamedov
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - S K Nielsen
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
| | - M J Andersen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - B Borlaug
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, United States of America
| | - J E Moeller
- Odense University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Odense, Denmark
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Gibbins KJ, Tebo AE, Nielsen SK, Branch DW. Antiphospholipid antibodies in women with severe preeclampsia and placental insufficiency: a case-control study. Lupus 2018; 27:1903-1910. [PMID: 30028257 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318787035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Preterm delivery for preeclampsia or placental insufficiency (PREPI) is a clinical criterion for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), but no prior prospective studies have used the international classification criteria for APS. Our objective is to determine the proportion of women with PREPI who test positive for aPL using international criteria for antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) assays. Methods We conducted a prospective, case-control study of 148 women delivered < 36 weeks because of PREPI compared to 148 controls. PREPI cases delivered < 36 weeks were compared to matched controls. Cases and controls were tested for aPL. Demographic variables were compared with chi-squared and Wilcoxon-rank-sum statistics. Rates of + aPL were compared using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for maternal body mass index (BMI) and Caucasian race. Positive aPL (+aPL) was defined as lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (aCL) immunoglobulin G (IgG) (GPL) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) (MPL) ≥ 40, or anti-β2-glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) IgG (SGU) or IgM (SMU) ≥ 40. Results Controls were more likely to be Caucasian (87% vs 70%, p = 0.006) and had lower BMIs (BMI 26 vs 33, p < 0.001). Positive aPL were found more commonly in cases than controls (11.5% vs 1.4%, aOR 8.9 (95% CI 1.9-41.4)). In + aPL cases, 76% had + LA, 41% had + aCL, and 24% had + aβ2GPI. Conclusion Women requiring early delivery for PREPI are more likely to have aPL (and thus APS) than controls. This is the first prospective study using both obstetric definitions and laboratory criteria in accordance with APS international criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Gibbins
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - A E Tebo
- 2 Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; UT ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S K Nielsen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D W Branch
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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13
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Jacobsen AS, Salewski M, Eriksson J, Ericsson G, Hjalmarsson A, Korsholm SB, Leipold F, Nielsen SK, Rasmussen J, Stejner M. Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11E103. [PMID: 25430282 DOI: 10.1063/1.4885477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Jacobsen
- Association Euratom - DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Salewski
- Association Euratom - DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Eriksson
- Association Euratom - VR, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Ericsson
- Association Euratom - VR, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Hjalmarsson
- Association Euratom - VR, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S B Korsholm
- Association Euratom - DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - F Leipold
- Association Euratom - DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - S K Nielsen
- Association Euratom - DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J Rasmussen
- Association Euratom - DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Stejner
- Association Euratom - DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Department of Physics, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Assenholt MS, Vestergaard A, Kallehauge JF, Mohamed S, Nielsen SK, Petersen JB, Fokdal L, Lindegaard JC, Tanderup K. Proof of principle: Applicator-guided stereotactic IMRT boost in combination with 3D MRI-based brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Brachytherapy 2014; 13:361-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brachy.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Esbjørn BH, Lønfeldt NN, Nielsen SK, Reinholdt-Dunne ML, Sømhovd MJ, Cartwright-Hatton S. Meta-worry, worry, and anxiety in children and adolescents: relationships and interactions. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2014; 44:145-56. [PMID: 24555865 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2013.873980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metacognitive model has increased our understanding of the development and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorders in adults. It states that the combination of positive and negative beliefs about worry creates and sustains anxiety. A recent review argues that the model can be applied to children, but empirical support is lacking. The aim of the 2 presented studies was to explore the applicability of the model in a childhood sample. The first study employed a Danish community sample of youth (n = 587) ages 7 to 17 and investigated the relationship between metacognitions, worry and anxiety. Two multiple regression analyses were performed using worry and metacognitive processes as outcome variables. The second study sampled Danish children ages 7 to 12, and compared the metacognitions of children with a GAD diagnosis (n = 22) to children with a non-GAD anxiety diagnosis (n = 19) and nonanxious children (n = 14). In Study 1, metacognitive processes accounted for an additional 14% of the variance in worry, beyond age, gender, and anxiety, and an extra 11% of the variance in anxiety beyond age, gender, and worry. The Negative Beliefs about Worry scale emerged as the strongest predictor of worry and a stronger predictor of anxiety than the other metacognitive processes and age. In Study 2, children with GAD have significantly higher levels of deleterious metacognitions than anxious children without GAD and nonanxious children. The results offer partial support for the downward extension of the metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorders to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Esbjørn
- a Department of Psychology , University of Copenhagen
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16
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Leipold F, Salewski M, Jacobsen AS, Jessen M, Korsholm SB, Michelsen PK, Nielsen SK, Stejner M. Polarizer design for millimeter-wave plasma diagnostics. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:084701. [PMID: 24007082 DOI: 10.1063/1.4816724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Radiation from magnetized plasmas is in general elliptically polarized. In order to convert the elliptical polarization to linear polarization, mirrors with grooved surfaces are currently employed in our collective Thomson scattering diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade. If these mirrors can be substituted by birefringent windows, the microwave receivers can be designed to be more compact at lower cost. Sapphire windows (a-cut) as well as grooved high density polyethylene windows can serve this purpose. The sapphire window can be designed such that the calculated transmission of the wave energy is better than 99%, and that of the high density polyethylene can be better than 97%.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leipold
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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17
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Mohamed S, Nielsen SK, Fokdal LU, Pedersen EM, Lindegaard JC, Tanderup K. Feasibility of applying a single treatment plan for both fractions in PDR image guided brachytherapy in cervix cancer. Radiother Oncol 2013; 107:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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18
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Stejner M, Korsholm SB, Nielsen SK, Salewski M, Bindslev H, Leipold F, Michelsen PK, Meo F, Moseev D, Bürger A, Kantor M, de Baar M. Temporally resolved plasma composition measurements by collective Thomson scattering in TEXTOR (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E307. [PMID: 23126967 DOI: 10.1063/1.4729503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fusion plasma composition measurements by collective Thomson scattering (CTS) were demonstrated in recent proof-of-principle measurements in TEXTOR [S. B. Korsholm et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 165004 (2011)]. Such measurements rely on the ability to resolve and interpret ion cyclotron structure in CTS spectra. Here, we extend these techniques to enable temporally resolved plasma composition measurements by CTS in TEXTOR, and we discuss the prospect for such measurements with newly installed hardware upgrades for the CTS system on ASDEX Upgrade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stejner
- Association EURATOM-DTU, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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19
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Moseev D, Meo F, Korsholm SB, Bindslev H, Furtula V, Kantor M, Leipold F, Michelsen PK, Nielsen SK, Salewski M, Stejner M. Elevation angle alignment of quasi optical receiver mirrors of collective Thomson scattering diagnostic by sawtooth measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E337. [PMID: 23126995 DOI: 10.1063/1.4737387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Localized measurements of the fast ion velocity distribution function and the plasma composition measurements are of significant interest for the fusion community. Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostics allow such measurements with spatial and temporal resolution. Localized measurements require a good alignment of the optical path in the transmission line. Monitoring the alignment during the experiment greatly benefits the confidence in the CTS measurements. An in situ technique for the assessment of the elevation angle alignment of the receiver is developed. Using the CTS diagnostic on TEXTOR without a source of probing radiation in discharges with sawtooth oscillations, an elevation angle misalignment of 0.9° was found with an accuracy of 0.25°.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Moseev
- FOM DIFFER-Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Association EURATOM-FOM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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20
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Furtula V, Salewski M, Leipold F, Michelsen PK, Korsholm SB, Meo F, Moseev D, Nielsen SK, Stejner M, Johansen T. Design and performance of the collective Thomson scattering receiver at ASDEX Upgrade. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:013507. [PMID: 22299951 DOI: 10.1063/1.3675886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the design of the fast-ion collective Thomson scattering receiver for millimeter wave radiation installed at ASDEX Upgrade, a tokamak for fusion plasma experiments. The receiver can detect spectral power densities of a few eV against the electron cyclotron emission background on the order of 100 eV under presence of gyrotron stray radiation that is several orders of magnitude stronger than the signal to be detected. The receiver down converts the frequencies of scattered radiation (100-110 GHz) to intermediate frequencies (IF) (4.5-14.5 GHz) by heterodyning. The IF signal is divided into 50 IF channels tightly spaced in frequency space. The channels are terminated by square-law detector diodes that convert the signal power into DC voltages. We present measurements of the transmission characteristics and performance of the main receiver components operating at mm-wave frequencies (notch, bandpass, and lowpass filters, a voltage-controlled variable attenuator, and an isolator), the down-converter unit, and the IF components (amplifiers, bandpass filters, and detector diodes). Furthermore, we determine the performance of the receiver as a unit through spectral response measurements and find reasonable agreement with the expectation based on the individual component measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Furtula
- Association Euratom-Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark
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Kertzscher G, Andersen CE, Siebert FA, Nielsen SK, Lindegaard JC, Tanderup K. WE-A-BRB-06: Detecting Afterloaded Brachytherapy Errors in a Phantom Using Real-Time Fiber-Coupled Luminescence Dosimetry. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Korsholm SB, Stejner M, Bindslev H, Furtula V, Leipold F, Meo F, Michelsen PK, Moseev D, Nielsen SK, Salewski M, de Baar M, Delabie E, Kantor M, Bürger A. Measurements of intrinsic ion Bernstein waves in a tokamak by collective Thomson scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:165004. [PMID: 21599376 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter we report measurements of collective Thomson scattering (CTS) spectra with clear signatures of ion Bernstein waves and ion cyclotron motion in tokamak plasmas. The measured spectra are in accordance with theoretical predictions and show clear sensitivity to variation in the density ratio of the main ion species in the plasma. Measurements with this novel diagnostic demonstrate that CTS can be used as a fuel ion ratio diagnostic in burning fusion plasma devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Korsholm
- Association EURATOM-Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Stejner M, Nielsen SK, Korsholm SB, Salewski M, Bindslev H, Furtula V, Leipold F, Meo F, Michelsen PK, Moseev D, Bürger A, Kantor M, de Baar M. Collective Thomson scattering measurements with high frequency resolution at TEXTOR. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D515. [PMID: 21033870 DOI: 10.1063/1.3475540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the development and first results of a receiver system for the collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic at TEXTOR with frequency resolution in the megahertz range or better. The improved frequency resolution expands the diagnostic range and utility of CTS measurements in general and is a prerequisite for measurements of ion Bernstein wave signatures in CTS spectra. The first results from the new acquisition system are shown to be consistent with theory and with simultaneous measurements by the standard receiver system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stejner
- Association EURATOM-Risø DTU, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Furtula V, Michelsen PK, Leipold F, Salewski M, Korsholm SB, Meo F, Nielsen SK, Stejner M, Moseev D, Johansen T. Broadband notch filter design for millimeter-wave plasma diagnostics. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D913. [PMID: 21033945 DOI: 10.1063/1.3478881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Notch filters are integrated in plasma diagnostic systems to protect millimeter-wave receivers from intensive stray radiation. Here we present a design of a notch filter with a center frequency of 140 GHz, a rejection bandwidth of ∼900 MHz, and a typical insertion loss below 2 dB in the passband of ±9 GHz. The design is based on a fundamental rectangular waveguide with eight cylindrical cavities coupled by T-junction apertures formed as thin slits. Parameters that affect the notch performance such as physical lengths and conductor materials are discussed. The excited resonance mode in the cylindrical cavities is the fundamental TE(11). The performance of the constructed filter is measured using a vector network analyzer monitoring a total bandwidth of 30 GHz. We compare the measurements with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Furtula
- Association Euratom-Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Kubo S, Nishiura M, Tanaka K, Shimozuma T, Yoshimura Y, Igami H, Takahash H, Mutoh T, Tamura N, Tatematsu Y, Saito T, Notake T, Korsholm SB, Meo F, Nielsen SK, Salewski M, Stejner M. Collective Thomson scattering of a high power electron cyclotron resonance heating beam in LHD (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D535. [PMID: 21033889 DOI: 10.1063/1.3481165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) system has been constructed at LHD making use of the high power electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system in Large Helical Device (LHD). The necessary features for CTS, high power probing beams and receiving beams, both with well defined Gaussian profile and with the fine controllability, are endowed in the ECRH system. The 32 channel radiometer with sharp notch filter at the front end is attached to the ECRH system transmission line as a CTS receiver. The validation of the CTS signal is performed by scanning the scattering volume. A new method to separate the CTS signal from background electron cyclotron emission is developed and applied to derive the bulk and high energy ion components for several combinations of neutral beam heated plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kubo
- National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki, 509-5292 Gifu, Japan.
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Korsholm SB, Stejner M, Conroy S, Ericsson G, Gorini G, Tardocchi M, von Hellermann M, Jaspers RJE, Lischtschenko O, Delabie E, Bindslev H, Furtula V, Leipold F, Meo F, Michelsen PK, Moseev D, Nielsen SK, Salewski M. Development of novel fuel ion ratio diagnostic techniques. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:10D323. [PMID: 21033847 DOI: 10.1063/1.3460634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the challenge of measuring the fuel ion ratio in the core (ρ<0.3) of ITER, a coordinated effort aiming at developing diagnostic techniques has been initiated. The investigated techniques are novel uses or further development of existing methods such as charge exchange recombination spectrometry, neutron spectrometry, and collective Thomson scattering. An overview of the work on the three diagnostic techniques is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Korsholm
- Association EURATOM-Risø DTU, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Meo F, Stejner M, Salewski M, Bindslev H, Eich T, Furtula V, Korsholm SB, Leuterer F, Leipold F, Michelsen PK, Moseev D, Nielsen SK, Reiter B, Stober J, Wagner D, Woskov P, team TAU. First results and analysis of collective Thomson scattering (CTS) fast ion distribution measurements on ASDEX Upgrade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/227/1/012010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Connolly MP, Poole CD, Currie CJ, Marteau P, Nielsen SK. Quality of life improvements attributed to combination therapy with oral and topical mesalazine in mild-to-moderately active ulcerative colitis. Digestion 2010; 80:241-6. [PMID: 19828955 DOI: 10.1159/000235916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To investigate patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in data collected from a multinational randomized double-blind controlled trial comparing oral mesalazine (4 g) + topical mesalazine enema (1 g) to oral mesalazine alone (4 g). METHODS HRQoL was collected using the EQ-5D at baseline and weeks 2, 4 and 8. The EQ-5D assesses mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Scores from each dimension were reported individually, and converted into a weighted health state which reflects an individual's perception of their health condition. RESULTS At week 4, a significant HRQoL improvement was observed for patients on mesalazine enemas compared to placebo enemas, with EQ-5D scores of 0.906 and 0.838, respectively (p < 0.05). Mesalazine enema was found to reduce the probability of impairment at week 4 for mobility (p = 0.049) and anxiety/depression (p = 0.048), and was of borderline significance for pain/discomfort (p = 0.053); there was also an increased probability of influencing HRQoL changes for mobility (p < 0.005), usual activities (p < 0.005), pain/discomfort (p < 0.005) and anxiety/depression (p < 0.005), based on reported HRQoL problems at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Including 1 g mesalazine enemas with 4 g oral mesalazine significantly improved HRQoL in patients with active ulcerative colitis. The improvement in QoL of patients with UC preceded clinical remission, and this underlines the importance of including QoL instruments in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Connolly
- Global Market Access Solutionsr, St. Prex, Switzerland.
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Westerhof E, Nielsen SK, Oosterbeek JW, Salewski M, De Baar MR, Bongers WA, Bürger A, Hennen BA, Korsholm SB, Leipold F, Moseev D, Stejner M, Thoen DJ. Strong scattering of high power millimeter waves in tokamak plasmas with tearing modes. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:125001. [PMID: 19792443 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.125001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In tokamak plasmas with a tearing mode, strong scattering of high power millimeter waves, as used for heating and noninductive current drive, is shown to occur. This new wave scattering phenomenon is shown to be related to the passage of the O point of a magnetic island through the high power heating beam. The density determines the detailed phasing of the scattered radiation relative to the O-point passage. The scattering power depends strongly nonlinearly on the heating beam power.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Westerhof
- FOM-Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Association EURATOM-FOM Trilateral Euregio Cluster, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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Leipold F, Furtula V, Salewski M, Bindslev H, Korsholm SB, Meo F, Michelsen PK, Moseev D, Nielsen SK, Stejner M. Antenna design for fast ion collective Thomson scattering diagnostic for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor. Rev Sci Instrum 2009; 80:093501. [PMID: 19791936 DOI: 10.1063/1.3212567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fast ion physics will play an important role for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), where confined alpha particles will affect and be affected by plasma dynamics and thereby have impacts on the overall confinement. A fast ion collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic using gyrotrons operated at 60 GHz will meet the requirements for spatially and temporally resolved measurements of the velocity distributions of confined fast alphas in ITER by evaluating the scattered radiation (CTS signal). While a receiver antenna on the low field side of the tokamak, resolving near perpendicular (to the magnetic field) velocity components, has been enabled, an additional antenna on the high field side (HFS) would enable measurements of near parallel (to the magnetic field) velocity components. A compact design solution for the proposed mirror system on the HFS is presented. The HFS CTS antenna is located behind the blankets and views the plasma through the gap between two blanket modules. The viewing gap has been modified to dimensions 30x500 mm(2) to optimize the CTS signal. A 1:1 mock-up of the HFS mirror system was built. Measurements of the beam characteristics for millimeter-waves at 60 GHz used in the mock-up agree well with the modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leipold
- Association Euratom--Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Assenholt MS, Petersen JB, Nielsen SK, Lindegaard JC, Tanderup K. A dose planning study on applicator guided stereotactic IMRT boost in combination with 3D MRI based brachytherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer. Acta Oncol 2008; 47:1337-43. [PMID: 18663651 DOI: 10.1080/02841860802266698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Locally advanced cervical cancer is usually treated with external beam radiotherapy followed by brachytherapy (BT). However, if response or tumour topography is unfavourable it may be difficult to reach a sufficient BT dose. The purpose of this study was to explore whether an applicator guided stereotactic IMRT boost could be combined with brachytherapy to improve dose volume parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Dose plans of 6 patients with HR CTV volumes of 31-100cc at the time of BT were analysed. MRI was performed with a combined intracavitary (IC)-interstitial (IS) ring applicator in situ. A radiotherapy schedule consisting of 45Gy (1.8Gy x 25) IMRT followed by boost of 28Gy (7Gy x 4fx) was modelled. Four different boost techniques were evaluated: IC-BT, IC/IS-BT, IC-BT+IMRT and IMRT. Dose plans were optimised for maximal tumour dose (D90) and coverage (V85Gy) while respecting DVH constraints in organs at risk: D2cc <75Gy in rectum and sigmoid and <90Gy in bladder (EQD2). In combined BT+IMRT dose plans, the IMRT plan was optimised on top of the BT dose distribution. Volumes irradiated to more than 60 Gy EQD2 (V60Gy) were evaluated. RESULTS Median dose coverage in IC plans was 74% [66-93%]. By using IC/IS or IC-BT+IMRT boost, the median coverage was improved to 95% [78-99%], and to 96% [69-99%] respectively. For IMRT alone, a median coverage of 98% [90-100%] was achieved, but V60Gy volumes were significantly increased by a median factor of 2.0 [1.4-2.3] as compared to IC/IS. It depended on the individual tumour topography whether IC/IS-BT or IC-BT+IMRT boost was the most favourable technique. CONCLUSION It is technically possible to create dose plans that combine image guided BT and IMRT. In this study the dose coverage could be significantly increased by adding IS-BT or IMRT boost to the intracavitary dose. Using IMRT alone for boost cannot be advocated since this results in a significant increase of the volume irradiated to 60Gy.
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Delabie E, Jaspers RJE, von Hellermann MG, Nielsen SK, Marchuk O. Charge exchange spectroscopy as a fast ion diagnostic on TEXTOR. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10E522. [PMID: 19044504 DOI: 10.1063/1.2955575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An upgraded charge exchange spectroscopy diagnostic has been taken into operation at the TEXTOR tokamak. The angles of the viewing lines with the toroidal magnetic field are close to the pitch angles at birth of fast ions injected by one of the neutral beam injectors. Using another neutral beam for active spectroscopy, injected counter the direction in which fast ions injected by the first beam are circulating, we can simultaneously measure a fast ion tail on the blue wing of the D(alpha) spectrum while the beam emission spectrum is Doppler shifted to the red wing. An analysis combining the two parts of the spectrum offers possibilities to improve the accuracy of the absolute (fast) ion density profiles. Fast beam modulation or passive viewing lines cannot be used for background subtraction on this diagnostic setup and therefore the background has to be modeled and fitted to the data together with a spectral model for the slowing down feature. The analysis of the fast ion D(alpha) spectrum obtained with the new diagnostic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Delabie
- FOM-Rijnhuizen, EURATOM-FOM, NL-3430 BE Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.
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Meo F, Bindslev H, Korsholm SB, Furtula V, Leuterer F, Leipold F, Michelsen PK, Nielsen SK, Salewski M, Stober J, Wagner D, Woskov P. Commissioning activities and first results from the collective Thomson scattering diagnostic on ASDEX Upgrade (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10E501. [PMID: 19044487 DOI: 10.1063/1.2989140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic installed on ASDEX Upgrade uses millimeter waves generated by the newly installed 1 MW dual frequency gyrotron as probing radiation at 105 GHz. It measures backscattered radiation with a heterodyne receiver having 50 channels (between 100 and 110 GHz) to resolve the one-dimensional velocity distribution of the confined fast ions. The steerable antennas will allow different scattering geometries to fully explore the anisotropic fast ion distributions at different spatial locations. This paper covers the capabilities and operational limits of the diagnostic. It then describes the commissioning activities carried out to date. These activities include gyrotron studies, transmission line alignment, and beam pattern measurements in the vacuum vessel. Overlap experiments in near perpendicular and near parallel have confirmed the successful alignment of the system. First results in near perpendicular of scattered spectra in a neutral beam injection (NBI) and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) plasma (minority hydrogen) on ASDEX Upgrade have shown evidence of ICRH heating phase of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meo
- Association EURATOM, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Salewski M, Meo F, Bindslev H, Furtula V, Korsholm SB, Lauritzen B, Leipold F, Michelsen PK, Nielsen SK, Nonbøl E. Investigation of first mirror heating for the collective Thomson scattering diagnostic in ITER. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:10E729. [PMID: 19044545 DOI: 10.1063/1.2956961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Collective Thomson scattering (CTS) has the capabilities to measure phase space densities of fast ion populations in ITER resolved in configuration space, in velocity space, and in time. In the CTS system proposed for ITER, probing radiation at 60 GHz generated by two 1 MW gyrotrons is scattered in the plasma and collected by arrays of receivers. The transmission lines from the gyrotrons to the plasma and from the plasma to the receivers contain several quasioptical mirrors among other components. These are designed to produce astigmatic beam patterns in the plasma where the beam shapes will have a direct impact on the signal strength of the diagnostic, the spatial resolution, and the robustness of probe and receiver beam overlap against density excursions. The first mirror has a line of sight to the plasma and is thus exposed to severe neutron streaming. The present neutronics and thermomechanical modeling of a first mirror on the high field side indicates that the mirror curvature may warp due to heating. This may alter the beam quality, and therefore, thermal effects have to be accounted for during the design of the mirror. The modeling further demonstrates that thin mirrors are superior to thick mirrors from a thermomechanical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salewski
- Association EURATOM-Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde DK-4000, Denmark
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Oosterbeek JW, Bürger A, Westerhof E, de Baar MR, van den Berg MA, Bongers WA, Graswinckel MF, Hennen BA, Kruijt OG, Thoen J, Heidinger R, Korsholm SB, Leipold F, Nielsen SK. A line-of-sight electron cyclotron emission receiver for electron cyclotron resonance heating feedback control of tearing modes. Rev Sci Instrum 2008; 79:093503. [PMID: 19044409 DOI: 10.1063/1.2976665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An electron cyclotron emission (ECE) receiver inside the electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) transmission line has been brought into operation. The ECE is extracted by placing a quartz plate acting as a Fabry-Perot interferometer under an angle inside the electron cyclotron wave (ECW) beam. ECE measurements are obtained during high power ECRH operation. This demonstrates the successful operation of the diagnostic and, in particular, a sufficient suppression of the gyrotron component preventing it from interfering with ECE measurements. When integrated into a feedback system for the control of plasma instabilities this line-of-sight ECE diagnostic removes the need to localize the instabilities in absolute coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Oosterbeek
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energieforschung-Plasmaphysik,Association EURATOM-FZJ, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Nielsen SK, Bindslev H, Porte L, Hoekzema JA, Korsholm SB, Leipold F, Meo F, Michelsen PK, Michelsen S, Oosterbeek JW, Tsakadze EL, Van Wassenhove G, Westerhof E, Woskov P. Temporal evolution of confined fast-ion velocity distributions measured by collective Thomson scattering in TEXTOR. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:016407. [PMID: 18351944 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.016407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fast ions created in the fusion processes will provide up to 70% of the heating in ITER. To optimize heating and current drive in magnetically confined plasmas insight into fast-ion dynamics is important. First measurements of such dynamics by collective Thomson scattering (CTS) were recently reported [Bindslev, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 205005 2006]. Here we extend the discussion of these results which were obtained at the TEXTOR tokamak. The fast ions are generated by neutral-beam injection and ion-cyclotron resonance heating. The CTS system uses 100-150kW of 110-GHz gyrotron probing radiation which scatters off the collective plasma fluctuations driven by the fast-ion motion. The technique measures the projected one-dimensional velocity distribution of confined fast ions in the scattering volume where the probe and receiver beams cross. By shifting the scattering volume a number of scattering locations and different resolved velocity components can be measured. The temporal resolution is 4ms while the spatial resolution is approximately 10cm depending on the scattering geometry. Fast-ion velocity distributions in a variety of scenarios are measured, including the evolution of the velocity distribution after turnoff of the ion heating. These results are in close agreement with numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Bindslev H, Nielsen SK, Porte L, Hoekzema JA, Korsholm SB, Meo F, Michelsen PK, Michelsen S, Oosterbeek JW, Tsakadze EL, Westerhof E, Woskov P. Fast-ion dynamics in the TEXTOR tokamak measured by collective Thomson scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:205005. [PMID: 17155690 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.205005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the first measurements by collective Thomson scattering of the evolution of fast-ion populations in a magnetically confined fusion plasma. 150 kW and 110 Ghz radiation from a gyrotron were scattered in the TEXTOR tokamak plasma with energetic ions generated by neutral beam injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating. The temporal behavior of the spatially resolved fast-ion velocity distribution is inferred from the received scattered radiation. The fast-ion dynamics at sawteeth and the slowdown after switch off of auxiliary heating is resolved in time. The latter is shown to be in close agreement with modeling results.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bindslev
- EURATOM-Risø National Laboratory, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
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Nielsen SK, Brandbyge M, Hansen K, Stokbro K, Van Ruitenbeek JM, Besenbacher F. Current-voltage curves of atomic-sized transition metal contacts: an explanation of why Au is Ohmic and Pt is not. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:066804. [PMID: 12190601 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.066804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental study of current-voltage (I-V) curves on atomic-sized Au and Pt contacts formed under cryogenic vacuum (4.2 K). Whereas I-V curves for Au are almost Ohmic, the conductance G=I/V for Pt decreases with increasing voltage, resulting in distinct nonlinear I-V behavior. The experimental results are compared with first principles density functional theory calculations for Au and Pt, and good agreement is found. The difference in conductance properties for Pt vs Au can be explained by the underlying electron valence structure: Pt has an open d shell while Au has not.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNano), CAMP and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Nielsen SK, Brøns JH. [Ultrasonically guided drainage of pleural empyema]. Ugeskr Laeger 1993; 155:3573-4. [PMID: 8236581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient drainage of the infected pleural space may be difficult without other image guidance than simple frontal and lateral chest radiograms. When the suspected empyema is difficult to locate we recommend insertion of a 10F pigtail catheter guided by ultrasound. This is illustrated by two patient histories. The method is safe, with the advantage of a precise localisation of the drainage catheter in relation to the empyema, the lung and the diaphragm.
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Bottiger J, Chevallier J, Mikkelsen NJ, Nielsen SK, Torp B, Rao KV, Chen HS. Impurity diffusion in icosahedral Al-Mn. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1986; 33:4367-4369. [PMID: 9938884 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.33.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Nielsen SK. Letter: Research on Chinese health care. Am J Psychiatry 1975; 132:668-9. [PMID: 1124825 DOI: 10.1176/ajp.132.6.668-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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