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Welsh S, Sallam M, Nassar A. 929 The Incidence and Outcomes of Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Bile Duct Exploration on a Unit Adopting Index Admission Surgery for All Comers. a Review of 5750 Patients. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac269.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for emergency biliary admissions remains inconsistent with national and international guidelines. The perception that LC is difficult in acute cholecystitis and the popularity of the two-session approach to pancreatitis and suspected choledocholithiasis result in delayed management.
Method
Analysis of prospectively maintained data in a unit adopting “intention to treat” during the index admission. The aim was to study the incidence of previous biliary admissions and compare the operative difficulty, complications, and postoperative outcomes with index admission LC.
Results
Of 5750 LC performed 20.8% had previous biliary admissions; one in 93% and two or more in 7%. Most presented with biliary colic (39.6%) and acute cholecystitis (27.6%). A previous biliary history was associated with increased operative difficulty (p<0.001), longer operating times (86.9 v 68.1 minutes, p<0.001), more post-operative complications (7.5% v 5.2%, p=0.002) and longer hospital stay (8.1 v 5.5 days, p<0.001). However, conversion and mortality rates showed no significant differences.
Conclusion
Index admission LC is superior to interval cholecystectomy and should be offered to all patients fit for general anaesthesia regardless of presenting complaints. Subspecialisation should be encouraged as a major factor in optimising resource utilisation and post-operative outcomes of biliary emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- University Hospital Monklands , Glasgow , United Kingdom
| | - M Sallam
- University Hospital Monklands , Glasgow , United Kingdom
| | - A Nassar
- University Hospital Monklands , Glasgow , United Kingdom
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2
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Lorden C, Welsh S, Puvaneswaran B, Gandhi S, Baker K, Duncan C, Mountford C. COVID-19 management in a UK Tertiary Centre with High Consequence Infectious Diseases Centre: Nutritional status, intervention and outcome. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022. [PMCID: PMC8937581 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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3
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Welsh S, Al-Ani A. 437 Impact of COVID-19 on West of Scotland Colorectal Cancer Services. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab258.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has driven unprecedented restriction of the National Health Service to accommodate additional pressures. Our aim was to analyse the impact of COVID-19 on the largest colorectal cancer (CRC) services in NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde.
Method
Audit data collected from multidisciplinary team meetings for South Glasgow CRC service were accessed. We compared April-June 2020 (‘Lockdown group’) to corresponding months in 2019 (‘Control group’). Statistical analysis by unpaired T-test, Pearson’s χ2 test with post hoc analysis using adjusted Z scores and Bonferroni correction as appropriate.
Results
There was a 39.5% reduction in CRC diagnoses during lockdown (n = 49) compared to control (n = 81). There was a 34.1% reduction in CRC operations during lockdown (n = 27) compared to control (n = 52). The proportion of patients managed operatively did not differ between groups (p = 0.140). There was no difference in the number of days from diagnosis to first treatment between Lockdown and Control groups (Mean(SD): 40.1±35.3 and 43.2±42.9, p = 0.257). Primary care physicians were the main referral source for both lockdown (52%) and control groups (46%). The cessation of bowel screening programme saw no referrals in lockdown whereas it accounted for 21% of referrals in control group, p < 0.001).
Conclusions
We experienced dramatic reductions in CRC diagnoses during lockdown that was not only accounted for by the cessation of bowel screening. The diagnostic delay in the 39.5% ‘missed’ CRC patients may result in patient morbidity; a severe repercussion of COVID-19. The resurgence of COVID-19 cases poses a real threat to cancer services.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Al-Ani
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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4
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Welsh S, Xiao C, Kaden A, Brzezynski J, Mohrman M, Wang J, Smieszek S, Przychodzen B, Ständer S, Polymeropoulos C, Birznieks G, Polymeropoulos M. Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist tradipitant has mixed effects on itch in atopic dermatitis: results from EPIONE, a randomized clinical trial. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e338-e340. [PMID: 33330999 PMCID: PMC8248080 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Welsh
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.WashingtonDCUSA
| | - C. Xiao
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.WashingtonDCUSA
| | - A.R. Kaden
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.WashingtonDCUSA
| | | | | | - J. Wang
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.WashingtonDCUSA
| | | | | | - S. Ständer
- Department of DermatologyCenter for Chronic PruritusUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
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Smieszek SP, Welsh S, Xiao C, Wang J, Polymeropoulos C, Birznieks G, Polymeropoulos MH. Correlation of age-of-onset of Atopic Dermatitis with Filaggrin loss-of-function variant status. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2721. [PMID: 32066784 PMCID: PMC7026049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic background of Atopic Dermatitis (AD) with chronic pruritus is complex. Filaggrin (FLG) is an essential gene in the epidermal barrier formation s. Loss-of-function (LOF) variants in FLG associated with skin barrier dysfunction constitute the most well-known genetic risk factor for AD. In this study, we focused on the frequency and effect of FLG loss-of-function variants in association with self-reported age-of-onset of AD. The dataset consisted of 386 whole-genome sequencing (WGS) samples. We observe a significant association between FLG LOF status and age-of-onset, with earlier age of onset of AD observed in the FLG LOF carrier group (p-value 0.0003, Wilcoxon two-sample test). We first tested this on the two most prevalent FLG variants. Interestingly, the effect is even stronger when considering all detected FLG LOF variants. Having two or more FLG LOF variants associates with the onset of AD at 2 years of age. In this study, we have shown enrichment of rare variants in the EDC region in cases compared with controls. Age-of-onset analysis shows not only the effect of the FLG and likely EDC variants in terms of the heightened risk of AD, but foremost enables to predict early-onset, lending further credence to the penetrance and causative effect of the identified variants. Understanding the genetic background and risk of early-onset is suggestive of skin barrier dysfunction etiology of AD with chronic pruritus
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Smieszek
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., Washington, DC, USA.
| | - S Welsh
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Xiao
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | - J Wang
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - G Birznieks
- Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc., Washington, DC, USA
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6
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Smieszek S, Xiao D, Welsh S, Birznieks G, Polymeropoulos C, Polymeropoulos M. LB1085 Whole genome sequencing reveals novel rare loss-of-function variants in the Epidermal Differentiation Complex as predisposing factors to Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Welsh S, Kong CY, Lazaraviciute G, McLennan E. Correspondence. Br J Surg 2019; 106:800. [PMID: 30973994 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Monklands, Airdrie
| | - C Y Kong
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Monklands, Airdrie
- School of Medicine, University of Glasgow and
| | | | - E McLennan
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Kanoore Edul VS, Ince C, Risso Vazquez A, Rubatto PN, Valenzuela Espinoza ED, Welsh S, Enrico C, Dubin A. Absence of high red blood cell velocity in the sublingual microcirculation of patients with hyerdynamic septic shock. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798283 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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9
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Abstract
Empowering patients or providing potentially dangerous information?
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Affiliation(s)
- H Magill
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Welsh
- City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust
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10
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11
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McGhee DJM, Royle PL, Counsell CE, Abbas A, Sethi P, Manku L, Narayan A, Clegg K, Bardai A, Brown SHM, Hafeez U, Abdelhafiz AH, McGovern A, Breckenridge A, Seenan P, Samani A, Das S, Khan S, Puffett AJ, Morgan J, Ross G, Cantlay A, Khan N, Bhalla A, Sweeting M, Nimmo CAMD, Fleet J, Igbedioh C, Harari D, Downey CL, Handforth C, Stothard C, Cracknell A, Barnes C, Shaw L, Bainbridge L, Crabtree L, Clark T, Root S, Aitken E, Haroon K, Sudlow M, Hanley K, Welsh S, Hill E, Falconer A, Miller H, Martin B, Tidy E, Pendlebury S, Thompson S, Burnett E, Taylor H, Lonan J, Adler B, McCallion J, Sykes E, Bancroft R, Tullo ES, Young TJ, Clift E, Flavin B, Roberts HC, Sayer AA, Belludi G, Aithal S, Verma A, Singh I, Barne M, Wilkinson I, Sakoane R, Singh N, Wilkinson I, Cottee M, Irani TS, Martinovic O, Abdulla AJJ, Irani TS, Abdulla AJJ, Riglin J, Husk J, Lowe D, Treml J, Vasilakis JN, Buttery A, Reid J, Healy P, Grant-Casey J, Pendry K, Richards J, Singh A, Jarrett D, Hewitt J, Slevin J, Barwell G, Youde J, Kennedy C, Romero-Ortuno R, O'Shea D, Robinson D, O'Shea D, Kenny RA, O'Connell J, Kennedy C, Romero-Ortuno R, O'Shea D, Robinson D, O'Shea D, Robinson D, O'Connell J, Topp JD, Topp JD, Warburton K, Simpson L, Bryce K, Suntharalingam S, Grosser K, D'Silva A, Southern L, Bielawski C, Cook L, Sutton GM, Flanagan L, Storr A, Charlton L, Kerr S, Robinson L, Shaw F, Finch LK, Weerasuriya N, Walker M, Sahota O, Logan P, Brown F, Rossiter F, Baxter M, Mucci E, Brown A, Jackson SHD, de Savary N, Hasan S, Jones H, Birrell J, Hockley J, Hensey N, Meiring R, Athavale N, Simms J, Brown S, West A, Diem P, Simms J, Brown S, West A, Diem P, Davies R, Kings R, Coleman H, Stevens D, Campbell C, Hope S, Morris A, Ong T, Harwood R, Dasgupta D, Mitchell S, Dimmock V, Collin F, Wood E, Green V, Hendrickse-Welsh N, Singh N, Cracknell A, Eccles J, Beezer J, Garside M, Baxter J. Clinical effectiveness. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Lindegger G, Quayle M, Singh S, Welsh S, Mark D, Wallace M, Roux S, Bekker L, Mwananyanda L, Kilembe W, Chomba E, Allen S, Priddy F, Fast P. A mixed-methods assessment of understanding (AoU) tool for AIDS vaccine trials in sub-Saharan Africa: results from a pilot study. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441431 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Lindegger
- School of Psychology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - M Quayle
- School of Psychology, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - S Singh
- GHAR Consulting Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Welsh
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Mark
- Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Wallace
- Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Roux
- Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Bekker
- Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - W Kilembe
- Zambia-Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - E Chomba
- Zambia-Emory HIV Reseach Project, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - S Allen
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F Priddy
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
| | - P Fast
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Welsh S. Lansley says he "can entertain any amount of change in the bill". West J Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Kwan D, Boon H, Hirschkorn K, Jurgens T, Welsh S, Cohen J, Heschuk S, Eccott LM. The professional responsibilities of pharmacists with respect to natural health products: Focus group discussions with pharmacists and consumers. Can Pharm J (Ott) 2007. [DOI: 10.3821/1913-701x(2007)140[377:tpropw]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Welsh S, Mead G, Chant H, Picton A, O'Neill PA, McCollum CN. Early Carotid Surgery in Acute Stroke: A Multicentre Randomised Pilot Study. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004; 18:200-5. [PMID: 15273435 DOI: 10.1159/000079942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2003] [Accepted: 02/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard practice has been to delay carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for 2 months following acute stroke to avoid a perceived risk of cerebral haemorrhage. We investigated whether early CEA reduces early recurrent stroke and improves outcome in partial anterior circulation infarction (PACI). METHODS Patients with PACI and a Barthel score of >18 before stroke underwent carotid duplex and CT imaging within 7 days of stroke. Forty consenting patients fit for surgery with greater than 70% ipsilateral carotid stenosis were randomised, 19 to 'early' (within 24 h) and 21 to 'delayed' surgery (at 8 weeks). Modified Rankin and Barthel scores were recorded at 1 week, 2 months, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS Rankin scores improved more rapidly following 'early' surgery to a score of 1 (0-4) at 2 and 6 months compared with 2.5 and 2 (1-4), respectively, for delayed surgery (p < 0.05). Barthel scores were also significantly improved following 'early' CEA at 7 days but both groups reached a median score of 20 by 2 months. Four 'delayed' and 3 'early' patients suffered extension or recurrence of neurological deficits with 1 death in each group. CONCLUSIONS Early CEA within 7 days of ischaemic stroke improved functional outcome with earlier hospital discharge. A large multicentre study is needed to exclude the possibility that 'early' CEA increases the risk of cerebral haemorrhage or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- University Hospital of South Manchester and University Department of Surgery, Manchester, UK
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16
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Welsh S, Hassiotis A, O'Mahoney G, Deahl M. Big brother is watching you--the ethical implications of electronic surveillance measures in the elderly with dementia and in adults with learning difficulties. Aging Ment Health 2003; 7:372-5. [PMID: 12959806 DOI: 10.1080/1360786031000150658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Electronic surveillance has insidiously seeped into the fabric of society with little public debate about its moral implications. Perceived by some as a sinister Orwellian tool of repression and social control, the new technologies offer comfort and security to others; a benevolent parental watchful eye. Nervousness at being watched has been replaced increasingly by nervousness if we're not. These technologies are now becoming widely available to health care professionals who have had little opportunity to consider their ethical and moral ramifications. Electronic tagging and tracking devices may be seen as away of creating a more secure environment for vulnerable individuals such as the elderly with dementia or people with learning disabilities. However, the proponents of surveillance devices have met with considerable resistance and opposition,from those who perceive it as contrary to human dignity and freedom, with its connotations of criminal surveillance. In addition, they cite increased opportunity for abuse through, for example, the withdrawal of staff and financial resources from the care of people with complex needs. Implementing these technologies, therefore, has ethical implications for human rights and civil liberties. Optional alternatives to long-term and/or restrictive care, in the context of the practical difficulties involved in caring for those who represent a risk to themselves from wandering, demands rigorous exploration of pragmatic questions of morality, with reference to risk versus benefit strategies. Like reproductive cloning techniques, the mere existence of surveillance technologies is morally neutral. Rather it is the use (in this instance that of health and social care settings) to which it is put which has the potential for good or bad.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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18
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Eisenmann JC, Brisko N, Shadrick D, Welsh S. Comparative analysis of the Cosmed Quark b2 and K4b2 gas analysis systems during submaximal exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2003; 43:150-5. [PMID: 12853896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to compare the Cosmed K4b2 portable gas analysis system with the Cosmed Quark b2 metabolic cart. METHODS Twenty-one subjects attended one testing session that consisted of duplicate measurements of gas volumes and concentrations using both Cosmed gas analysis systems at 3 treadmill work rates; 1) 80m x min(-1), 0% grade, 2) 80m x min(-1), 5% grade, and 3) 80m x min(-1), 10% grade. Subjects walked for 3 min at each rate with one of the gas analysis systems attached to the facemask. The order of the procedures was randomized so that one system was used during both phases (1st or 2nd) of each work rate. RESULTS The results indicated that oxygen consumption (VO2) was significantly higher in the K4b2 compared to the Quark at 80m x min(-1), 0% grade (14.3+/-1.2 vs 13.6+/-1.2ml x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively), (p<0.01). The fractional concentration of oxygen in expired air was also significantly lower in the K4b2 at 80 m x min(-1), 0% grade and 80 m x min(-1), 10% grade (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between systems for minute ventilation or carbon dioxide production. Despite the small mean bias in mean VO2 values (0.5-1.0ml x kg-1 x min(-1) higher) in the K4b2, all individual values were within the limits of agreement (mean difference+/-2 SD) as determined by the Bland-Altman technique. CONCLUSION The findings show a minimal bias in respiratory and metabolic parameters during bi-pedal locomotor activities at low to moderate exercise intensities in the two gas analysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Eisenmann
- Division of Kinesiology and Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 72070, USA.
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19
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Kelner MJ, Boon H, Wellman B, Welsh S. Complementary and alternative groups contemplate the need for effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness research. Complement Ther Med 2002; 10:235-9. [PMID: 12594975 DOI: 10.1016/s0965-2299(02)00076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the views of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) groups on the need to demonstrate the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of their therapies and practices. DESIGN Qualitative interviews were conducted with 22 representatives of three CAM groups (chiropractic, homeopathy and Reiki). Qualitative content analysis was used to identify similarities and differences among and across groups. SETTING Ontario, Canada. RESULTS There were striking differences in the views of the three sets of respondents. The chiropractors agreed that it was essential for their group to provide scientific evidence that their interventions work, are safe and cost-effective. The leaders of the homeopathic group were divided on these points and the Reiki respondents showed virtually no interest in undertaking such research. CONCLUSIONS CAM groups that are more formally organized are most likely to recognize the importance of scientific research on their practices and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kelner
- Institute for Human Development, Life Course and Aging, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Humar A, Lipton J, Welsh S, Moussa G, Messner H, Mazzulli T. A randomised trial comparing cytomegalovirus antigenemia assay vs screening bronchoscopy for the early detection and prevention of disease in allogeneic bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28:485-90. [PMID: 11593322 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2001] [Accepted: 05/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Preemptive antiviral therapy is often employed for CMV prevention following allogeneic BMT. Two common strategies are a screening bronchoscopy for CMV post-BMT or regular CMV antigenemia testing with ganciclovir administration for a positive result. In a randomised trial, we prospectively compared the efficacy of these two preemptive strategies. Consecutive patients were randomised to either a bronchoscopy for CMV on day 35 post BMT or weekly CMV antigenemia testing. If the bronchoscopy was positive for CMV, patients received preemptive ganciclovir for 8-10 weeks. If the antigenemia was positive for CMV, patients received a minimum of 2 weeks of preemptive ganciclovir. The primary endpoint was the development of active CMV disease. One hundred and eighteen allogeneic BMT patients were enrolled (60 in the antigenemia arm and 58 in the bronchoscopy arm). The two groups were comparable with respect to baseline demographic data, underlying disease, conditioning regimen, and immunosuppression. Active CMV disease developed in 7/58 (12.1%) patients in the bronchoscopy arm vs 1/60 patients (1.7%) in the CMV antigenemia arm (P = 0.022). Based on the screening test, 13.8% of patients received preemptive ganciclovir in the bronchoscopy arm vs 48.3% of patients in the antigenemia arm (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the rate of graft-versus-host disease, bacteremia, invasive fungal infections or mortality between the two groups. Preemptive therapy based on regular CMV antigenemia monitoring is superior to screening bronchoscopy for the prevention of CMV disease after allogeneic BMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Humar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Toronto General Hospital-University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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21
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Hoover-Plow J, Skomorovska-Prokvolit O, Welsh S. Selective behaviors altered in plasminogen-deficient mice are reconstituted with intracerebroventricular injection of plasminogen. Brain Res 2001; 898:256-64. [PMID: 11306011 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies demonstrate a role for the plasminogen (Plg) system in neurological function and recently in vivo studies show a role of the Plg system in neurodegeneration after the injection of an excitotoxic agent. Differences in the development of neurological function, however, have not been demonstrated in the Plg-deficient (Plg-/-) mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The role of Plg system in neurological function may relate to remodeling which occurs in response to various environmental challenges. In this study, behaviors (open field, grooming, hind-leg gait, water maze, and acoustic startle reflex) were tested in the Plg-deficient and WT mice at 6-8 weeks of age. Grooming, a response to the stress of an open field or fur moistening, was increased in the Plg-/--deficient mice compared to WT mice, and the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) was markedly decreased in the Plg-/- mice. The reduced ASR in Plg-/- mice occurred in mice with a mixed C57BL:129 background or in mice with a C57BL background. Plg was required for the ASR, since a deficiency of the Plg activators, urokinase (uPA) or tissue Plg activator (tPA), did not cause a reduction in the ASR compared to their WT control. Infusion of Plg directly into the brain was effective in restoring the ASR in the Plg-/- mice, but had no effect on the ASR of WT mice. Peripheral bolus injections of Plg or infusion into the jugular vein were ineffective in restoring the ASR in the Plg-/- mice. These results indicate that Plg is required for the appropriate response to the environmental challenge of a sudden loud sound, and that the response can be restored in Plg-/- mice by directly infusing Plg into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hoover-Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44196, USA.
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22
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Towle MJ, Salvato KA, Budrow J, Wels BF, Kuznetsov G, Aalfs KK, Welsh S, Zheng W, Seletsky BM, Palme MH, Habgood GJ, Singer LA, Dipietro LV, Wang Y, Chen JJ, Quincy DA, Davis A, Yoshimatsu K, Kishi Y, Yu MJ, Littlefield BA. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogues of halichondrin B. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1013-21. [PMID: 11221827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Halichondrin B is a highly potent anticancer agent originally found in marine sponges. Although scarcity of the natural product has hampered efforts to develop halichondrin B as a new anticancer drug, the existence of a complete synthetic route has allowed synthesis of structurally simpler analogues that retain the remarkable potency of the parent compound. In this study, we show that two macrocyclic ketone analogues of halichondrir B, ER-076349 and ER-086526, have sub-nM growth inhibitory activities in vitro against numerous human cancer cell lines as well as marked in vivo activities at 0.1-1 mg/kg against four human xenografts: MDA-MB-435 breast cancer, COLO 205 colon cancer, LOX melanoma, and NIH: OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer. ER-076349 and ER-086526 induce G2-M cell cycle arrest and disruption of mitotic spindles, consistent with the tubulin-based antimitotic mechanism of halichondrin B. This is supported further by direct binding of the biotinylated analogue ER-040798 to tubulin and inhibition of tubulin polymerization in vitro by ER-076349 and ER-086526. Retention of the extraordinary in vitro and in vivo activity off halichondrin B in structurally simplified, fully synthetic analogues establishes the feasibility of developing halichondrin B-based agents as highly effective, novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Towle
- Department of Anticancer Research Eisai Research Institute. Andover, Massachusetts 01810, USA
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23
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Wenderoth P, Welsh S. Effects of pattern orientation and number of symmetry axes on the detection of mirror symmetry in dot and solid patterns. Perception 1999; 27:965-76. [PMID: 10209635 DOI: 10.1068/p270965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been postulated that as the number of axes of symmetry in a pattern increases, so pattern 'goodness' increases. Recently, a distinction was made between two different theoretical accounts of regularity or 'goodness' in relation to patterns with mirror symmetry: the 'transformational' and the 'holographic' models. It was argued that the former predicts a 'goodness' ordering of four > three > two > one whereas the latter predicts four > two > three > one, where '>' means greater regularity or goodness. In three experiments, we have tested these predictions. In experiment 1, we measured percentage correct and reaction time to dot patterns which had one, two, three, or four axes of symmetry and were flashed for 150 ms. Experiment 2 was identical except that patterns were presented for 2000 ms. In experiment 3, dot patterns were replaced by solid shapes which also had one, two, three, or four axes of symmetry. Although it was found that stimuli with four axes clearly allowed superior performance to that of stimuli with one axis, results obtained with stimuli with two and three axes were almost identical and in between those obtained with one and four axes. The data thus support the suggestion that extra axes add 'goodness' to symmetrical patterns but not in a monotonic fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wenderoth
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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24
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Bowen AP, O'Brien MD, Welsh S, Atkinson C. The New England Pediatric Trauma Nurse Consortium. J Emerg Nurs 1998; 24:604-6. [PMID: 9836826 DOI: 10.1016/s0099-1767(98)70053-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A P Bowen
- Children's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA
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25
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Streckfus CF, Welsh S, Jenkins P, Brown R, Miller V. The effects of lisinopril and nifedipine on parotid function: two case reports. MSDA J 1998; 35:11-4. [PMID: 9552628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C F Streckfus
- Department of O.H.C.D., University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, USA
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26
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Abstract
The use of reporters such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) and firefly luciferase permit highly sensitive and nondestructive monitoring of gene transfer and expression. Modifications in GFP which increase intensity and thermostability, as well as alter its spectral qualities, have facilitated the use of GFP in a variety of gene transfer methods. Improvements in imaging technologies and their increased application in biological research have allowed the expanded use of luciferase-based reporters in gene transformation, particularly in genetic screens and in monitoring temporal changes in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- Scripps Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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27
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Abstract
The Food Guide Pyramid illustrates USDA's food guide developed to help people follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Unlike earlier food guides, the new food guide specifies foods for a total diet; that is, it addresses both concerns about adequacy and moderation. The food guide recommends increased intakes of the vegetable, fruit, and grain groups with special emphasis on dark-green leafy vegetables, legumes, and whole-grain products. These foods are important sources of several vitamins and minerals, complex carbohydrates, and dietary fiber, and they are generally low in fat. Analyses of expected nutrient levels provided by the food guide diet patterns indicate that the nutrient contribution of whole-grain products is particularly important for diets at lower calorie levels. In these diets, it is recommended that at least half the number of servings in the grain group be whole-grain products. In all diets, it is recommended that several servings of whole-grain products be included each day. Average intakes of vegetables, fruits, and grain products are less than recommended. The pyramid graphic has been especially helpful in emphasizing to the public the importance of increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and grain products for a healthful diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- Human Nutrition Information Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Hyattsville, MD 20782
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28
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Abstract
Atwater charted a new course for nutrition education 100 years ago by using the scientific process to develop dietary guidance to improve public health and well being. Each of the areas of research to which Atwater gave leadership--nutrient requirements, food composition, food consumption, and consumer economics--are essential components in the development of dietary guidance. The emerging science of nutrition was translated into recommendations for a healthful diet by Caroline Hunt in 1916 in the first USDA food guide. Other familiar food guides were the "Basic-7" developed in the 1940's and the "Basic-4" from the 1950's. These early guides focused primarily on getting enough nutrients. By 1970, research was providing evidence of the role of excessive intakes of certain food components in the etiology of chronic disease. With the release of the "Dietary Guidelines for Americans" in 1980, work began on a new food guide to address both concerns about nutritional adequacy and overconsumption. Research involved development of a new food guide and a graphic to illustrate it. Although the time since the release of the new Food Guide Pyramid has been short, its wide acceptance by the professional community, industry, and the media promises to make it an effective nutrition education tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Information Service, Nutrition Education Division, Hyattsville, MD 20782
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29
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Streckfus CF, Marcus S, Welsh S, Brown RS, Cherry-Peppers G, Brown RH. Parotid function and composition of parotid saliva among elderly edentulous African-American diabetics. J Oral Pathol Med 1994; 23:277-9. [PMID: 7932247 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined parotid salivary flow rate and composition in three groups of differently treated diabetics and a control group of non-diabetics. The study population was composed of edentulous African-Americans at least 65 years of age. Group A was the control, Group B insulin-dependent (Regular Iletin, U-100 qd.), Group C controlled by oral medication (Tolbutamide, 500 mg qd.), and Group D was diet controlled. All diabetic patients had serum glucose values under 250 mg/dl. Salivary flow rates, secretory IgA, electrolytes (Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca++) and total protein concentrations were evaluated. The results showed no significant differences between groups with respect to salivary flow rates, electrolytes and IgA concentrations. Additionally, all diabetic groups demonstrated a significantly lower salivary total protein concentration when compared to the controls. There appears to be no evident decrease in salivary flow rate in these three differently controlled diabetic groups compared with healthy non-diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Streckfus
- Epidemiology and Oral Disease Prevention Program, National Institute of Dental Research, NIH, Bethesda, Md 20892
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30
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Zhou LW, Zhang SP, Welsh S, Connell TA, Weiss B. Triazolam blocks the initial rotational effects of quinpirole but permits the later developing reduction of dopamine D2-mediated rotational behavior and dopamine D2 receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 1992; 218:219-27. [PMID: 1358635 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(92)90172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Continuous infusion of the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole into mice with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions initially produces a supersensitive rotational behavior. This is followed by reductions of dopamine D2-mediated behavior and dopamine D2 receptors. In this study we attempted to determine if it is possible to inhibit the acute increase in D2-mediated behavior while still allowing the reduction of D2-mediated behavioral responses and dopamine D2 receptors to occur. Mice were implanted with Alzet minipumps containing either quinpirole alone or quinpirole combined with the GABA receptor modulator triazolam or the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride, and rotational behavior was monitored for the 6 days of infusion. The pumps were then removed, and D2 receptors in striatal membranes were determined. Triazolam completely blocked the initial rotational behavior normally induced by implanting quinpirole. However, the quinpirole-induced reduction of D2-mediated behavioral responses and D2 receptors still occurred. Continuous infusion of sulpiride also inhibited the rotational behavior produced by quinpirole, but it prevented the reduction of dopamine D2 receptors. We conclude that up-regulated dopamine receptors and dopaminergic behaviors can be reversed by the continuous administration of a dopamine receptor agonist and that this reversal can occur without producing an initial exacerbation of dopaminergic responses. These results suggest that this type of treatment regimen might be useful for treating clinical conditions associated with dopaminergic supersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Pennsylvania/EPPI, Philadelphia 19129
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31
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Robbins RJ, Brines ML, Kim JH, Adrian T, de Lanerolle N, Welsh S, Spencer DD. A selective loss of somatostatin in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1991; 29:325-32. [PMID: 1675046 DOI: 10.1002/ana.410290316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although neuropeptides have been demonstrated to be hippocampal neuromodulators in laboratory animals, their role in human hippocampal physiology or pathophysiology remains to be defined. The concentrations of somatostatin, cholecystokinin octapeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and dynorphin A 1-17 were determined in hippocampal tissue resected from patients with cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy, a common seizure disorder originating in or near the hippocampus. Control tissue was obtained from cadavera or epilepsy patients in whom the hippocampus was removed during the resection of temporal lobe tumors. Peptide determinations were performed on extracts of punch biopsy specimens taken from six different hippocampal regions. A significant decrease in immunoreactive somatostatin concentration was identified in the dentate gyrus and in region cornu ammonis 4 of cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy specimens. No significant changes were present in any other hippocampal region or in the levels of other peptides. In situ hybridization studies performed on cryostat sections from similar patients confirmed a marked loss of neurons expressing the somatostatin gene, which was restricted to the dentate hilus. The density of specific 125I-somatostatin binding to cryostat sections, as determined by semiquantitative in vitro autoradiography, was significantly increased in the dentate gyrus of the cryptogenic epilepsy patients, compared with tumor control specimens. We conclude that a loss of somatostatin-producing interneurons with an upregulation of dentate somatostatin receptors is a specific and characteristic element in the pathophysiology of human cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Robbins
- Neuroendocrinology Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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32
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Streckfus CF, Welsh S, Strahl RC. Diminution of parotid IgA secretion in an elderly black population taking antihypertension medications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991; 71:50-4. [PMID: 1671613 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(91)90520-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C F Streckfus
- Department of Dentistry, Washington Village Community Medical Center
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33
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Strahl RC, Welsh S, Streckfus CF. Salivary flow rates: a diagnostic aid in treatment planning geriatric patients. Clin Prev Dent 1990; 12:10-2. [PMID: 2088628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Salivary flow rate can be a highly significant diagnostic tool in the dental treatment planning of high risk groups. Those patients at risk for xerostomia (i.e. patients taking antidepressant and antihypertension medication, or having irradiation and pathology of the parotid) should be tested with the Lashley cup to determine if acceptable flow rates are being maintained or compromised. Adequate flow rates for dentulous and edentulous patients are significantly different. Group A had a mean flow rate of 0.75 ml/min while Group B (edentulous) had a mean flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. Using an independent t-test, there was a significant difference at the p less than 0.05 level. Both hard and soft tissue are ravished by xerostomia. In dentulous patients, caries rates soar and make the prognosis for fixed prosthetics poor. In edentulous patients there is an ineffective film thickness resulting in high abrasion (sore spots) and decreased retention of removable prosthesis. Masticatory and gustatory stimulants may help alleviate these symptoms. However, the measurement of salivary flow is an invaluable diagnostic tool in determining the prognosis of alternative treatment plans. Because the elderly are more likely to be taking medications which result in xerostomia, this diagnostic tool should be used on a routine basis with geriatric patients.
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34
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Streckfus CF, Strahl RC, Welsh S. Anti-hypertension medications: an epidemiological factor in the prevalence of root decay among geriatric patients suffering from hypertension. Clin Prev Dent 1990; 12:26-9. [PMID: 2150630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Predictions showing age distribution in our population of elderly citizens in our society within the next 30 to 40 years. One of the most destructive oral afflictions of the elderly is root decay. A study was performed to ascertain the prevalence of root caries among inner city geriatric patients taking anti-hypertension medications. One hundred randomly selected patients were studied. Fifty patients taking the anti-hypertension medications for at least two years were compared to a control group of 50 healthy patients of nearly the same age. With oral hygiene factors being equal, the group taking anti-hypertension medications demonstrated a higher prevalence of root decay at the p less than 0.01 level.
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35
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Streckfus CF, Welsh S. Diminution of parotid secretion in an elderly black population taking antihypertension medications. J Pierre Fauchard Acad 1990; 4:181-8. [PMID: 2073369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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36
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Robbins RJ, Torres-Aleman I, Lebranth C, Bradberry CW, Deutch AY, Welsh S, Roth RH, Spencer D, Redmond DE, Naftolin F. Cryopreservation of human brain tissue. Exp Neurol 1990; 107:208-13. [PMID: 1968397 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4886(90)90137-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissues from products of conception were examined to determine the feasibility of obtaining viable neural tissue after suction abortion at 9-12 weeks of gestation. The ventral mesencephalon, a prototype region whose maturation can be monitored and which is a potential tissue for transplantation, was identified in 32 of 120 cases. The tissue was then screened for the presence of infectious agents, while being held at -196 degrees C in cryopreservative solutions. Three of 32 specimens were found to be contaminated by normal vaginal bacteria; all other viral, fungal, and mycoplasma testing was negative. Thawed brain fragments retained high viability after storage in liquid nitrogen and when grown in vitro exhibited neuronal morphology, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity, and dopamine production. We have demonstrated that human fetal brain tissue can be cryopreserved in a manner which not only retains viability but allows normal phenotypic differentiation after thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Robbins
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- S Welsh
- Pediatric Surgical Associates, Primary Children's Medical Center, Salt Lake City
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38
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Welsh S, Gatch G. Imperforate anus. Diagnosis and surgical treatment. AORN J 1985; 42:692-8. [PMID: 3852660 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-2092(07)64388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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39
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Welsh S. Duplication of radiographs. Dent Assist (1931) 1976; 45:26. [PMID: 1074385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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