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Andrews SJ, Das D, Anstey KJ, Easteal S. Association of AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in a population-based sample of older adults. Genes Brain Behav 2017; 16:472-478. [PMID: 28067462 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors make a substantial contribution to inter-individual variability in cognitive function. A recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identified two loci, AKAP6 and MIR2113, that are associated with general cognitive function. Here, we extend this previous research by investigating the association of MIR2113 and AKAP6 with baseline and longitudinal non-linear change across a broad spectrum of cognitive domains in a community-based cohort of older adults without dementia. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), MIR211-rs10457441 and AKAP6-rs17522122 were genotyped in 1570 non-demented older Australians of European ancestry, who were examined up to 4 times over 12 years. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the association between AKAP6 and MIR2113 with cognitive performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary, perceptual speed and reaction time at baseline and with linear and quadratic rates of change. AKAP6-rs17522122*T was associated with worse baseline performance in episodic memory, working memory, vocabulary and perceptual speed, but it was not associated with cognitive change in any domain. MIR2113-rs10457441*T was associated with accelerated decline in episodic memory. No other associations with baseline cognitive performance or with linear or quadratic rate or cognitive changes were observed for this SNP. These results confirm the previous finding that AKAP6 is associated with performance across multiple cognitive domains at baseline but not with cognitive decline, while MIR2113 primarily affects the rate at which memory declines over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - D Das
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - K J Anstey
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - S Easteal
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Pan LL, Atlas EL, Salawitch RJ, Honomichl SB, Bresch JF, Randel WJ, Apel EC, Hornbrook RS, Weinheimer AJ, Anderson DC, Andrews SJ, Baidar S, Beaton SP, Campos TL, Carpenter LJ, Chen D, Dix B, Donets V, Hall SR, Hanisco TF, Homeyer CR, Huey LG, Jensen JB, Kaser L, Kinnison DE, Koenig TK, Lamarque JF, Liu C, Luo J, Luo ZJ, Montzka DD, Nicely JM, Pierce RB, Riemer DD, Robinson T, Romashkin P, Saiz-Lopez A, Schauffler S, Shieh O, Stell MH, Ullmann K, Vaughan G, Volkamer R, Wolfe G. The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) Experiment. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 2017; 98:106-128. [PMID: 29636590 PMCID: PMC5889942 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-14-00272.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment was conducted from Guam (13.5° N, 144.8° E) during January-February 2014. Using the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V research aircraft, the experiment investigated the photochemical environment over the tropical western Pacific (TWP) warm pool, a region of massive deep convection and the major pathway for air to enter the stratosphere during Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. The new observations provide a wealth of information for quantifying the influence of convection on the vertical distributions of active species. The airborne in situ measurements up to 15 km altitude fill a significant gap by characterizing the abundance and altitude variation of a wide suite of trace gases. These measurements, together with observations of dynamical and microphysical parameters, provide significant new data for constraining and evaluating global chemistry climate models. Measurements include precursor and product gas species of reactive halogen compounds that impact ozone in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere. High accuracy, in-situ measurements of ozone obtained during CONTRAST quantify ozone concentration profiles in the UT, where previous observations from balloon-borne ozonesondes were often near or below the limit of detection. CONTRAST was one of the three coordinated experiments to observe the TWP during January-February 2014. Together, CONTRAST, ATTREX and CAST, using complementary capabilities of the three aircraft platforms as well as ground-based instrumentation, provide a comprehensive quantification of the regional distribution and vertical structure of natural and pollutant trace gases in the TWP during NH winter, from the oceanic boundary to the lower stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Pan
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | - S B Honomichl
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J F Bresch
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - W J Randel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - E C Apel
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - R S Hornbrook
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - A J Weinheimer
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - D C Anderson
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | | | - S Baidar
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - S P Beaton
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - T L Campos
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - D Chen
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - B Dix
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - V Donets
- University of Miami, Florida, USA
| | - S R Hall
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - T F Hanisco
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - C R Homeyer
- University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - L G Huey
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J B Jensen
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - L Kaser
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - D E Kinnison
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - T K Koenig
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J-F Lamarque
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - C Liu
- Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - J Luo
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Z J Luo
- City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - D D Montzka
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - J M Nicely
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - R B Pierce
- NOAA Satellite and Information Service (NESDIS) Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), Madison Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - T Robinson
- University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - P Romashkin
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - A Saiz-Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Schauffler
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - O Shieh
- University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Hawaii, USA
| | - M H Stell
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Metropolitan State University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - K Ullmann
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - G Vaughan
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - R Volkamer
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - G Wolfe
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Vélez JI, Lopera F, Sepulveda-Falla D, Patel HR, Johar AS, Chuah A, Tobón C, Rivera D, Villegas A, Cai Y, Peng K, Arkell R, Castellanos FX, Andrews SJ, Silva Lara MF, Creagh PK, Easteal S, de Leon J, Wong ML, Licinio J, Mastronardi CA, Arcos-Burgos M. APOE*E2 allele delays age of onset in PSEN1 E280A Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:916-24. [PMID: 26619808 PMCID: PMC5414071 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) age of onset (ADAOO) varies greatly between individuals, with unique causal mutations suggesting the role of modifying genetic and environmental interactions. We analyzed ~50 000 common and rare functional genomic variants from 71 individuals of the 'Paisa' pedigree, the world's largest pedigree segregating a severe form of early-onset AD, who were affected carriers of the fully penetrant E280A mutation in the presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene. Affected carriers with ages at the extremes of the ADAOO distribution (30s-70s age range), and linear mixed-effects models were used to build single-locus regression models outlining the ADAOO. We identified the rs7412 (APOE*E2 allele) as a whole exome-wide ADAOO modifier that delays ADAOO by ~12 years (β=11.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 8.07-15.41, P=6.31 × 10(-8), PFDR=2.48 × 10(-3)). Subsequently, to evaluate comprehensively the APOE (apolipoprotein E) haplotype variants (E1/E2/E3/E4), the markers rs7412 and rs429358 were genotyped in 93 AD affected carriers of the E280A mutation. We found that the APOE*E2 allele, and not APOE*E4, modifies ADAOO in carriers of the E280A mutation (β=8.24, 95% CI: 4.45-12.01, P=3.84 × 10(-5)). Exploratory linear mixed-effects multilocus analysis suggested that other functional variants harbored in genes involved in cell proliferation, protein degradation, apoptotic and immune dysregulation processes (i.e., GPR20, TRIM22, FCRL5, AOAH, PINLYP, IFI16, RC3H1 and DFNA5) might interact with the APOE*E2 allele. Interestingly, suggestive evidence as an ADAOO modifier was found for one of these variants (GPR20) in a set of patients with sporadic AD from the Paisa genetic isolate. This is the first study demonstrating that the APOE*E2 allele modifies the natural history of AD typified by the age of onset in E280A mutation carriers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest analyzed sample of patients with a unique mutation sharing uniform environment. Formal replication of our results in other populations and in other forms of AD will be crucial for prediction, follow-up and presumably developing new therapeutic strategies for patients either at risk or affected by AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Vélez
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - F Lopera
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D Sepulveda-Falla
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - H R Patel
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A S Johar
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - A Chuah
- Genome Discovery Unit, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - C Tobón
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D Rivera
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - A Villegas
- Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Y Cai
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - K Peng
- Biomolecular Resource Facility, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - R Arkell
- Early Mammalian Development Laboratory, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - F X Castellanos
- NYU Child Study Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - S J Andrews
- Genome Diversity and Health Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - M F Silva Lara
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - P K Creagh
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - S Easteal
- Genome Diversity and Health Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - J de Leon
- Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - M L Wong
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J Licinio
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C A Mastronardi
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute and Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M Arcos-Burgos
- Genomics and Predictive Medicine Group, Department of Genome Sciences, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Group, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Lin KY, Miller DS, Bailey AA, Andrews SJ, Kehoe SM, Richardson DL, Lea JS. Ovarian involvement in endometrioid adenocarcinoma of uterus. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:532-5. [PMID: 26186908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian preservation is an option for some premenopausal patients with early stage endometrial cancer. Studies have shown that ovarian preservation in selected patients does not negatively impact survival outcomes. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and characteristics of ovarian involvement when endometrial cancer is clinically confined to the uterus. METHODS Patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of uterus treated at our institution between 2000 and 2013 were identified. Patients with ovarian metastasis or synchronous primary ovarian cancer were included. Patients were excluded if there was gross extrapelvic disease on examination or imaging. RESULTS Seven hundred and fifty-nine patients were found to have endometrial cancer with the disease confined to the pelvis (stages I, II, and III). Fifteen patients (2%) had ovarian metastasis. Twenty-three patients (3%) had synchronous uterine and ovarian cancer. Most ovarian lesions (32 out of 38) were either enlarged or had abnormal appearing surface involvement. Six patients had microscopic ovarian involvement, accounting for 0.8% of the endometrial cancer patients with pelvis-confined disease. All of the patients were greater than 50 years of age. For those patients with microscopic ovarian metastasis, all had FIGO grade 3 disease, deep myometrial invasion, and extrauterine involvement of either cervix or lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS Microscopic ovarian involvement occurred in 0.8% of patients with endometrial cancer. For premenopausal patients with endometrial cancer, normal appearing ovaries may be considered for preservation in the absence of extrauterine spread, grade 3 disease and deep myometrial invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Y Lin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - David S Miller
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - April A Bailey
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sajan J Andrews
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Siobhan M Kehoe
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Debra L Richardson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jayanthi S Lea
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Kiyota T, Ingraham KL, Swan RJ, Jacobsen MT, Andrews SJ, Ikezu T. AAV serotype 2/1-mediated gene delivery of anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 enhances neurogenesis and cognitive function in APP+PS1 mice. Gene Ther 2011; 19:724-33. [PMID: 21918553 PMCID: PMC3241853 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain inflammation is a double-edged sword: it is required for brain repair in acute damage, whereas chronic inflammation and autoimmune disorders are neuropathogenic. Certain pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are closely related to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Representative anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-10, can suppress neuroinflammation and have significant therapeutic potentials in ameliorating neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we show that adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 2/1 hybrid-mediated neuronal expression of the mouse IL-10 gene ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in APP+PS1 bigenic mice. AAV2/1 infection of hippocampal neurons resulted in sustained expression of IL-10 without its leakage into the blood, reduced astro/microgliosis, enhanced plasma amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) levels, and enhanced neurogenesis. Moreover, increased levels of IL-10 improved spatial learning as determined by the radial arm water maze. Finally, IL-10-stimulated microglia enhanced proliferation but not differentiation of primary neural stem cells in the co-culture system, while IL-10 itself had no effect. Our data suggest that IL-10 gene delivery has a therapeutic potential for a non-Aβ-targeted treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kiyota
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
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Abstract
Schwannoma is a myelin sheath tumor that can occur almost anywhere in the body. The most common locations are the central nervous system, extremities, neck, mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Benign schwannomas in the porta hepatis are extremely rare and radiologically are diagnosed as either enlarged lymph nodes or bowel masses, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this location they usually produce symptoms by compressing adjacent structures and often present with obstructive jaundice. The preoperative diagnosis can be extremely difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kulkarni
- Department of Radiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal-576 104, Karnataka, India
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Andrews SJ, Westbury B, Francis MJ. In vitro compatibility of an anticoccidial vaccine with live infectious bronchitis and live Newcastle disease vaccines. Vet Rec 2003; 152:717-8. [PMID: 12825705 DOI: 10.1136/vr.152.23.717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Schering-Plough Animal Health, Breakspear Road South, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex
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Abstract
The efficacy of a live attenuated anti-coccidial vaccine, Paracox-5, administered to 1-day-old chicks was investigated by assessing protection against changes in weight gain following virulent challenge. Vaccinated birds were challenged independently 28 days later with each of the component species (Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria mitis or Eimeria tenella), and protection was demonstrated against associated reduction in weight gain and lesion formation. In addition, an improvement in bird performance, in terms of feed conversion ratio, was also observed following vaccination. Furthermore, under conditions designed to more closely mimic those in the field and using hatchery spray administration, protection against a mixed virulent challenge introduced by 'seeder birds' was demonstrated evenly across a flock of broiler birds within 21 days after vaccination. These data demonstrate that Paracox-5 vaccine will protect broiler chickens against the adverse effects on performance induced by Eimeria spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Crouch
- Schering-Plough Animal Health Breakspear Road South Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6LS Middlesex, UK.
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Andrews SJ, Brooks PT, Hanbury DC, King CM, Prendergast CM, Boustead GB, McNicholas TA. Ultrasonography and abdominal radiography versus intravenous urography in investigation of urinary tract infection in men: prospective incident cohort study. BMJ 2002; 324:454-6. [PMID: 11859046 PMCID: PMC65665 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.324.7335.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2001] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare ultrasonography and abdominal radiography with intravenous urography in the investigation of urinary tract infection in men. DESIGN Prospective study in two hospital departments. Radiological procedures and urological assessments performed on different days by different clinicians SETTING District general hospital. PARTICIPANTS Consecutive series of men (n=114) referred to the department of urology for investigation of proved urinary tract infection. INTERVENTIONS Ultrasonography and intravenous urography of renal tract and assessment of urinary flow rate. Clinical assessment, cystoscopy, urodynamic studies, and transrectal ultrasonography with biopsy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography and abdominal radiography compared with intravenous urography. RESULTS Important abnormalities were seen in 53 of 100 fully evaluated patients, the most common being a poorly emptying bladder (34). The combination of plain radiographs of kidneys, ureter, and bladder and ultrasonography detected more abnormalities than intravenous urography alone. No important abnormality was missed by this combination (sensitivity 100% and specificity 93%). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasonography with abdominal radiography is as accurate as intravenous urography in detecting important urological abnormalities in men presenting with urinary tract infection. This combination is safer than intravenous urography and should be the initial investigation for such patients. Additional determination of urinary flow rate is useful for the assessment of an incompletely emptying bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 4AB
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to review our results of multimodality treatment of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer (stage IIIC). STUDY DESIGN All patients underwent surgical staging for endometrial cancer with complete pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy. All macroscopic nodal metastases were resected. Patients with microscopic nodal metastasis received adjuvant teletherapy, whereas those with macroscopic nodal metastasis received chemotherapy (carboplatin AUC 5 and paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 every 3 weeks for 6 courses) followed by teletherapy. RESULTS Twenty-one patients had stage IIIC disease, and one had stage IVB (inguinal nodal metastasis). Sixty-four percent of tumors were poorly differentiated. Fifty-five percent of patients had pelvic nodal metastasis only and 41% had macroscopic nodal metastasis. At a median follow-up of 3.8 years, 32% of patients had recurrence, all extrapelvic. Overall mean survival was 48 months and progression-free survival was 40 months. Overall survival for microscopic nodal metastasis was >60 months versus 35 months for macroscopic metastasis. Overall survival for pelvic nodal metastasis was 53 months versus 42 months for aorticinguinal metastasis. There were no complications from lymphadenectomy, a 22% chemotherapeutic toxicity, and a 14% radiation toxicity. CONCLUSION Our surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiation treatment protocol for stage IIIC endometrial cancer produced minimal toxicity and good survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Katz
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614-5809, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a prospective trial to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and safety of a postoperative fever algorithm that is based on symptoms and physical examination in an attempt to decrease the random use of urine cultures, blood cultures, and chest radiographs. STUDY DESIGN Our fever algorithm consisted of assessing all febrile postoperative patients for signs and symptoms of infection. If none were present, no tests were ordered. RESULTS Twenty-eight of 105 consecutive patients (27%) had postoperative fever after major gynecologic surgery. Three of 28 febrile patients (11%) were evaluated with tests according to the algorithm. Two of 28 febrile patients (7%) were evaluated in violation of the algorithm. Four febrile patients (14%) had documented infections. Two patients had infections within the first 30 days after discharge. Compared with our previous retrospective review, significantly fewer febrile patients were evaluated with testing with a significantly increased yield of positive test results. CONCLUSIONS Our postoperative fever evaluation algorithm that is based on symptoms and physical examination is feasible, is safe, decreases random testing, and increases the yield of positive test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schwandt
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo 43614-5809, USA
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Williams RB, Johnson JD, Andrews SJ. Anticoccidial vaccination of broiler chickens in various management programmes: relationship between oocyst accumulation in litter and the development of protective immunity. Vet Res Commun 2000; 24:309-25. [PMID: 10868549 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006492021776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Paracox anticoccidial vaccine was administered to a 7-day-old flock of commercial broiler breeder stock subsequently reared to point-of-lay in the same house. For comparison, three subgroups of another flock of broiler breeders were also vaccinated with Paracox at 7 days of age, reared to 42 days and then transferred to new litter on another farm until point-of-lay. The first subgroup received no further treatment, but the second and third each received a second vaccination with Paracox, either immediately after transfer to the new litter or 42 days after transfer. Using an Eiomeria necatrix model, protective immunity was demonstrated by virulent challenge of samples of birds from all groups by the age of 37-40 days (30-33 days after the first vaccination), and was maintained to at least 122-125 days of age, whether the birds remained on the same litter or were transferred to another farm, and whether they received one or two anticoccidial vaccinations. Therefore, there is no disadvantage in transferring birds onto new litter 35 days after a single Paracox vaccination, nor is there any advantage in giving a second vaccination after such a transfer. Vaccinated birds seeded the new litter with oocysts, despite being clinically immune to coccidiosis. A supplementary laboratory experiment showed that birds vaccinated at 8 days of age passed almost no oocysts after a second vaccination at 43 days of age. This indicated that they were not only protected against clinical coccidiosis, but were almost solidly immune to a homologous infection 5 weeks after a single vaccination. Nevertheless, oocysts appeared in the litter of all four groups of commercial breeders throughout the trial, showing that wild-type heterologous infections occurred whether the birds were transferred to new litter or not, but these did not overwhelm the acquired protective immunity and cause clinical coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Williams
- Schering-Plough Animal Health, Harefield, Uxbridge, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Abstraction of data from National Cancer Data Base (NCDB)/Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) for reasons other than incidence, mortality, and patterns of care has risen. A potential problem with these data is that insensitive-measure bias can exist because of possible inaccuracies in hospital tumor registry staging. The purpose of this study is to assess the accuracy of tumor registry staging from six community hospitals. METHODS Staging of 103 consecutive cancers operated on by a gynecologic oncologist (one of the authors) as a surgical consultant to a gynecologist or surgeon was reviewed. Hospital tumor registry staging forms were arbitrarily assigned to be completed by the nongynecologic oncologist versus the gynecologic oncologist by the medical records department. The authors reassessed cancer staging by medical chart review. The tumor registry staging was compared with the actual staging as determined by the authors. Major staging violations were defined as errors that would significantly change stage enough to alter prognosis or change recommended adjuvant treatment. All other violations were defined as minor. RESULTS Twenty-eight (27%) cancers were staged by the gynecologic oncologist and 75 (73%) by nongynecologic oncologists. Eighty (78%) cancers were endometrial and 14 (13%) ovarian. Eighty-three (81%) tumors were stage I or II. Major staging violations occurred in 0% of cancers staged by the gynecologic oncologist and 22% (16/75) by a nongynecologic oncologist (P = 0.002). Minor staging violations occurred in 14% (4/28) of cancers staged by the gynecologic oncologist and 42% (32/75) by a nongynecologic oncologist (P = 0. 005). Minor violations were due to omission of histologic subtype and/or grade. CONCLUSION The 22% major staging violation rate represents significant insensitive-measure bias. If additional studies produce similar results, abstraction of data from NCDB/SEER for reasons other than incidence, mortality, and patterns of care cannot be accepted as evidence-based scientific medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fanning
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio 43614-5809, USA
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14
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Andrews SJ. The efficacy of levamisole, and a mixture of oxfendazole and levamisole, against the arrested stages of benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2000; 88:139-46. [PMID: 10681032 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sheep were allowed to graze pasture that had been seeded with benzimidazole-resistant Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta in order to acquire a burden of arrested larvae. Following housing, sheep were dosed orally with either oxfendazole at a dose rate of 4.7 mg/kg (to confirm the benzimidazole-resistant status of the species of nematode), levamisole at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg, or an oxfendazole/levamisole mixture at a dose rate of 4.6 mg/kg oxfendazole and 8.1 mg/kg levamisole. The efficacies of the treatments were assessed by estimation of the arrested larval burden in the abomasum of each sheep, either at 10 or 11 days (oxfendazole and oxfendazole/levamisole mixture), or 12 or 13 days (levamisole), after treatment. Compared to the untreated controls, the protection afforded by a single dose of either levamisole or the oxfendazole/levamisole mixture was >99% against the arrested stages of both Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia circumcincta. Treatment with oxfendazole confirmed the benzimidazole-resistance status of the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Schering-Plough Animal Health, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
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15
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Anderson D, Ferry DR, Knox RJ, Andrews SJ, Downes AJ, Kerr DJ, Seymour LW. High-performance liquid chromatographic method for sensitive determination of the alkylating agent CB1954 in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1999; 731:293-8. [PMID: 10510783 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(99)00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method is described for the measurement of the weak alkylating agent CB1954 in human plasma. CB1954 can be used as an innocuous prodrug designed for activation by bacterial nitroreductases in strategies of gene-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy, and becomes activated to a potent bifunctional alkylating agent. The HPLC method involves precipitation and solvent extraction and uses Mitomycin C (MMC) as an internal standard, with a retention time for MMC of 5.85 +/- 0.015 min, and for CB1954 of 10.72 +/- 0.063 min. The limit of detection for CB1954 is 2.9 ng/ml, and this compares favourably with systems involving direct analysis of plasma (limit of detection 600 ng/ml, approximately). The method is now being used for pharmacokinetic measurements in plasma samples from cancer patients entering phase I clinical trials of CB1954. Results using serial plasma samples from one patient are presented. The patient was treated intravenously with CB1954 (6 mg/m2), and plasma clearance of the drug showed biphasic kinetics with alpha half-life 14.6 min, and beta half-life 170.5 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Anderson
- CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, UK
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16
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Mulcahy G, O'Connor F, Clery D, Hogan SF, Dowd AJ, Andrews SJ, Dalton JP. Immune responses of cattle to experimental anti-Fasciola hepatica vaccines. Res Vet Sci 1999; 67:27-33. [PMID: 10425237 DOI: 10.1053/rvsc.1998.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica infection of cattle and sheep is an important cause of clinical disease and production losses, and is controlled at present by a combination of chemotherapy and management measures. However, the prospects for the control of F. hepatica infection by vaccination are good, and we have previously shown substantial protection of cattle against experimental challenge infection following immunisation with a combination of the purified fluke-derived enzymes cathepsin L1 (CATL 1), cathepsin L2 (CATL 2) and fluke-derived Hb fraction (FHB). This and other recent studies have also demonstrated fundamental differences between protective and non-protective immune responses to liver fluke infection. In this present study we have further analysed the response of animals to liver fluke challenge following experimental vaccination. Calves were vaccinated with either CATL 2 plus FHB, or CATL 1 plus CATL 2. Partial protection against challenge infection was achieved in both vaccinated groups, with the greatest level of protection (55 per cent reduction in fluke burdens) recorded in the group vaccinated with CATL 1 plus CATL 2. This latter group also showed the greater level of lymphocyte proliferation and the greater production of gamma-INF in response to stimulation with fluke antigen in vitro following challenge. These results are significant in our attempts to characterise the elements within the immune response to vaccination which are protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mulcahy
- Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, UCD, Dublin, 4, Ireland
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17
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Lerner LB, Andrews SJ, Gonzalez JL, Heaney JA, Currie JL. Vulvar metastases secondary to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. A case report. J Reprod Med 1999; 44:729-32. [PMID: 10483545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gynecologists are frequently asked to evaluate patients with vulvar lesions. Although the differential diagnosis of a vulvar lesion is varied, the main concern is to rule out a vulvar malignancy. Primary vulvar carcinoma is uncommon, and a metastatic cancer from an extragenital site involving the vulva is even more rare. CASE A 78-year-old woman with a history of a transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder presented with two painful vulvar lesions, which represented the first manifestation of metastatic disease. This is the fifth reported case of TCC from the bladder with metastases to the vulva. CONCLUSION The differential diagnosis of a vulvar lesion, especially in a woman with a prior history of renal tract malignancy, should include metastatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Lerner
- Department of Urology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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18
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Lilas LA, Andrews SJ, Hanbury DC. Point of technique. The tunnelled suprapubic catheter. BJU Int 1999; 83:1060-2. [PMID: 10368256 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Lilas
- Departments of Urology, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
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19
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Mulcahy G, O'Connor F, McGonigle S, Dowd A, Clery DG, Andrews SJ, Dalton JP. Correlation of specific antibody titre and avidity with protection in cattle immunized against Fasciola hepatica. Vaccine 1998; 16:932-9. [PMID: 9682340 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(97)00289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cattle produce specific serum antibody mainly of the IgG1 isotype in response to infection with the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica. In these animals a positive correlation between fluke-specific serum IgG1 levels and fluke-burden in non-immunized infected animals was observed. In contrast, immunization of cattle with a combination of the fluke-derived antigens cathepsin L2 (CL2) and fluke haemoglobin (FHb) in Freund's complete/incomplete adjuvant (FCA/FLA) induced a specific antibody response involving IgG2, as well as IgG1. These immunized animals also exhibited very high (72%) levels of protection against a subsequent challenge infection. When the vaccine was administered in FIA alone the specific antibody response, while still involving IgG1 and IgG2, was of lower magnitude (10-fold and 100-fold, respectively) and no significant reduction in fluke burden was observed following challenge. Nevertheless, in these animals, a strong IgG2 response was associated with low fluke burdens. These results provide further evidence of the non-protective nature of specific immune responses in cattle following F. hepatica infection, and demonstrate that vaccination can induce a qualitatively different, and protective, response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mulcahy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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20
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Abstract
As part of a systematic examination of the protective epitopes on H11, groups of sheep were vaccinated with preparations of purified H11 used untreated (group A), or progressively denatured (linearized) by incubation with sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (group B) or by boiling with SDS in the presence of dithiothreitol (group C). All the sheep developed antibodies which bound to the untreated H11. When challenged with 10,000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus the mean levels of protection relative to the mean values for adjuvant controls were 99.8%, 85% and 79% for faecal egg counts and 95%, 79% and 54% for worm burden at post-mortem for groups A, B and C respectively. The H11-specific antibodies inhibited the microsomal aminopeptidase activity of H11 in vitro up to 80%. The levels of inhibition by sera from individual animals correlated with levels of protection with r2, of 0.69-0.87.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Munn
- Immunology Department, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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21
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Andrews SJ, Rolph TP, Munn EA. Duration of protective immunity against ovine haemonchosis following vaccination with the nematode gut membrane antigen H11. Res Vet Sci 1997; 62:223-7. [PMID: 9300538 DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(97)90194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To establish for how long protective antibody levels may be maintained, lambs were vaccinated with the gut membrane antigen H11 and challenged with Haemonchus contortus 14, 84, 126 or 168 days later. Compared to controls, mean faecal egg counts of vaccinated lambs were reduced by 97 per cent, 99 per cent, 92 per cent and 86 per cent respectively. Total worm burdens at postmortem five weeks after infection were reduced by 87 per cent, 94 per cent, 92 per cent and 62 per cent respectively. In vaccinated lambs, antibody levels to H11 peaked at about 60 days after the first vaccination and were maintained for the duration of the experiment. There was evidence of secondary antibody responses to H11 following challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Mallinckrodt Veterinary Ltd., Harefield, Uxbridge
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22
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Dalton JP, McGonigle S, Rolph TP, Andrews SJ. Induction of protective immunity in cattle against infection with Fasciola hepatica by vaccination with cathepsin L proteinases and with hemoglobin. Infect Immun 1996; 64:5066-74. [PMID: 8945548 PMCID: PMC174490 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.12.5066-5074.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two cathepsin L proteinases, cathepsin L1 and cathepsin L2, secreted by liver flukes may be involved in tissue penetration, nutrition, and protection from immune attack. To ascertain the immunoprophylactic potential of these proteinases, and of another molecule, liver fluke hemoglobin (Hb), we performed vaccine trials in cattle. In the first vaccine trial various doses of cathepsin L1 were tested. The mean protection level obtained was 53.7%. In a second vaccine trial cathepsin L1 and Hb elicited 42.5 and 43.8% protection levels, respectively, while a combination of the two molecules induced a significantly higher level of protection (51.9%). Cathepsin L2 was not examined alone; however, vaccination of cattle with a combination of cathepsin L2 and Hb elicited the highest level of protection (72.4%). The animals that received cathepsin L1-Hb or cathepsin L2-Hb showed reduced liver damage as assessed by serum glutamic dehydrogenase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Furthermore, a reduced viability was observed for fluke eggs recovered from all vaccine groups. This anti-embryonation effect of vaccination was particularly evident in the group that received cathepsin L2-Hb where >98% of the eggs recovered did not embryonate to miracidia. Although all vaccine preparations induced high antibody titers which were boosted following the challenge infection, there was no correlation between antibody titers and protection. The results of these trials demonstrate that cathepsin Ls and Hb could form the basis of a molecular vaccine that would not only reduce parasite burden but would also prevent transmission of liver fluke disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dalton
- School of Biological Sciences, Dublin City University, Republic of Ireland.
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23
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Jordan CD, Andrews SJ, Memoli VA. Well-differentiated pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma metastatic to the endometrium: a case report. Mod Pathol 1996; 9:1066-70. [PMID: 8933517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The female genital tract is an infrequent site of metastasis, particularly for extragenital primaries. The ovary and vagina are the sites within the female genital tract that are the most frequently affected. The uterine corpus, especially the endometrium, is a distinctly unusual site of involvement. Primary lung cancer is the source of metastatic tumor to the female genital tract in less than 5% of patients. In the reported instances of endometrial involvement by a primary lung cancer, adenocarcinoma has been the reported subtype. Here, we report a case of well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung metastatic to the endometrium in a 68-year-old woman with postmenopausal bleeding. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to confirm the neuroendocrine nature of the neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Jordan
- Department of Pathology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
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24
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Andrews SJ, Freeman JH, Carter CS, Stanton ME. Ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning in the rat: auditory frequency and discrimination learning effects. Dev Psychobiol 1995; 28:307-20. [PMID: 7589817 DOI: 10.1002/dev.420280602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study sought to determine whether acoustic properties of the auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) or the use of a discrimination learning procedure would alter the emergence of eyeblink conditioning between postnatal Days 17 and 24 (Days 17-24) in the rat. In Experiment 1, we employed a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design, involving pitch of the auditory CS (2.8, 5.0, and 9.0 kHz), training condition (paired vs. unpaired), and age (Days 17 or 24). Associative learning was evident at all tone frequencies on Day 24, but increased across frequencies on Day 17, although large age differences in conditioning remained at all tone frequencies. In Experiment 2, rat pups were trained to discriminate 2.8 versus 9.0-kHz tones on Day 17 or Day 24. Eyeblink conditioning increased with tone frequency on Day 24 but discriminative conditioning failed to appear on Day 17. These findings are discussed in relation to the role of auditory system maturation in the ontogeny of eyeblink conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
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25
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Andrews SJ, Hole NJ, Munn EA, Rolph TP. Vaccination of sheep against haemonchosis with H11, a gut membrane-derived protective antigen from the adult parasite: prevention of the periparturient rise and colostral transfer of protective immunity. Int J Parasitol 1995; 25:839-46. [PMID: 7558570 DOI: 10.1016/0020-7519(94)00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant ewes were immunised with a fraction highly enriched in the membrane glycoprotein antigen H11, isolated from the intestinal brush border of adult Haemonchus contortus. Immunity induced by immunisation was able to abolish almost completely (98-99%) the worm egg output from pregnant ewes challenged with ca. 10,000 infective larvae of H. contortus during the last trimester. Furthermore, lambs born and reared on vaccinated ewes had substantial antibody levels to H11 derived from maternal transfer. This antibody conferred moderate protection against a bolus challenge of ca. 3000 infective larvae of H. contortus in 5-week-old lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Mallinckrodt Veterinary Ltd., Harefield, Uxbridge, U.K
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26
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Andrews SJ, McGonigle S, Smith AM, Dalton JP, Clery D, Mulcahy G. A bolus for the administration to cattle of metacercariae of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. J Helminthol 1995; 69:165-7. [PMID: 7636160 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00014061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A gelatin-agar bolus, designed and developed for the administration of metacercariae of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica, was evaluated in adult Holstein Friesian cattle. The metacercariae, enclosed within a gelatin capsule, were placed inside the bolus and delivered to each animal using an oesophageal balling gun. At slaughter, 13 weeks after challenge, an average of 25% of the challenge dose was recovered from each liver. This percentage recovery is similar to that obtained with other known methods. The new bolus, however, offers improved handling qualities. In addition, the bolus also has potential for improving a number of other techniques including those for the administration of other parasites, compounds or chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Mallinckrodt Veterinary Ltd, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK
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27
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DePriest PD, Varner E, Powell J, Fried A, Puls L, Higgins R, Shenson D, Kryscio R, Hunter JE, Andrews SJ. The efficacy of a sonographic morphology index in identifying ovarian cancer: a multi-institutional investigation. Gynecol Oncol 1994; 55:174-8. [PMID: 7959280 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1994.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Transvaginal sonography (TVS) has been shown to be the most effective means to screen for ovarian cancer. TVS is associated with a high sensitivity and specificity. However, the positive predictive value associated with TVS in the diagnosis of malignancy is low. A morphologic scoring index for use with TVS has been used at the University of Kentucky since 1991. The current study was performed to more fully evaluate the efficacy and interobserver variation in ultrasonographic morphology index scores attributed to ovarian tumors. Ultrasound records of 213 patients from five participating centers were reviewed by three independent observers. Morphology index scores were assigned to each tumor in a blinded fashion. The morphology index scores were then compared with the final histopathologic findings. One hundred sixty-nine patients had benign tumors and 44 patients had ovarian malignancies. The mean morphology index scores were significantly higher in malignant ovarian tumors (MI 7.3 +/- 1.9) than in benign ovarian tumors (MI 3.3 +/- 1.8). Statistical evaluation of the morphology index scores revealed a sensitivity of 89% and a positive predictive value of 46%. Interobserver variation was lowest in assessing ovarian volume and higher in the evaluation of wall structure and septal structure. A multilogistic regression model was used to evaluate the predictive power of each component of the morphology index. The use of a morphology index is an effective and cost-efficient method of increasing the positive predictive value of TVS screening for ovarian cancer. Use of this index in large numbers of patients will generate data which should help refine appropriate structural scoring categories and reduce interobserver variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D DePriest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536
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28
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Andrews SJ, Williams BT, DePriest PD, Gallion HH, Hunter JE, Buckley SL, Kryscio RJ, van Nagell JR. Therapeutic implications of lymph nodal spread in lateral T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Gynecol Oncol 1994; 55:41-6. [PMID: 7959264 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1994.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
From 1963 to 1993, 157 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva were treated by radical surgery at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. There were 84 unilateral lesions confined to the labium majus or labium minus. Thirty-seven patients had T1 lesions, median diameter 1.5 cm (range 0.5-2.0 cm), and 47 patients had T2 lesions, median diameter 3.4 cm (range 2.2-9.0 cm). Radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed in 56 patients and radical hemivulvectomy with selective inguinal lymphadenectomy in 28 patients. An average of 8 nodes was removed with superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy and 13 nodes with superficial and deep inguinal lymphadenectomy. Deep inguinal lymph node metastases occurred only in patients with positive superficial inguinal lymph nodes. There were no contralateral inguinal lymph node metastases in any lateral T1 or T2 lesion. Following surgery, patients were followed 1-15 years (mean 5.0 years) and none have been lost to follow-up. Nine patients developed ipsilateral recurrences, but no contralateral recurrences were noted. Seven of these patients developed local recurrences to the ipsilateral vulvar skin and were cured by reexcision. Two patients (2.4%), both of whom had positive ipsilateral superficial and deep inguinal lymph node metastases at the time of initial surgery, developed distant metastases and died of disease 10 and 11 months after treatment. These data suggest that deep inguinal lymph nodal metastases occurred only in patients with superficial inguinal node involvement. Contralateral inguinal lymph nodal metastases are extremely rare in lateral T1 and T2 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Radical hemivulvectomy is as effective as radical vulvectomy in the treatment of lateral T1 and T2 vulvar squamous cell cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536
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29
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Hunter JE, Tritz DE, Howell MG, DePriest PD, Gallion HH, Andrews SJ, Buckley SB, Kryscio RJ, van Nagell JR. The prognostic and therapeutic implications of cytologic atypia in patients with endometrial hyperplasia. Gynecol Oncol 1994; 55:66-71. [PMID: 7959270 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1994.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
From 1970 to 1992, 136 patients with a histologic diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia underwent total abdominal hysterectomy at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. Slides of the curettage or biopsy specimens were reviewed and classified according to the International Society of Gynecologic Pathologists System as simple or complex endometrial hyperplasia with or without cytologic atypia. Slides of the hysterectomy specimens were likewise reviewed independently and classified according to the same system. Eighty-two patients had a preoperative diagnosis of simple or complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypia. There were no cases of occult endometrial carcinoma in the hysterectomy specimens of these patients. Simple or complex hyperplasia with atypia was present in 54 patients and endometrial adenocarcinoma was observed in 19 of these cases (35%). The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage and histologic grade of these patients was as follows: Stage IA grade 1--5; Stage IB grade 1--10; Stage IB grade 2--1; Stage IC grade 1--1; Stage IC grade 2--1; and Stage IIIA grade 2--1. The risk of associated endometrial cancer in patients with atypical hyperplasia was independent of age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or the use of exogenous estrogens. All patients with endometrial cancer have been followed for 1-12 years (mean 3.0 years) after therapy and no patient has experienced tumor recurrence. These data suggest that there is a significant risk of endometrial cancer in patients with histologic evidence of atypical endometrial hyperplasia on curettage or biopsy. At the time of surgery, patients with atypical endometrial hyperplasia should have careful inspection of the uterine specimen. Any endometrial tissue suspicious for malignancy should be examined histologically, and if cancer is confirmed, complete surgical staging should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Hunter
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536
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30
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Abstract
A further modification of a lung perfusion technique was evaluated by examining the recovery rate of 14-day-old Dictyocaulus viviparus worms from the excised lungs of 15 dead bovine calves. Up to 89% of the total number of worms found in 12 l of perfused fluid was recovered in the first 4 l collected. The application of this observation will increase the efficiency of the routine laboratory diagnosis of D. viviparus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Pitman-Moore Ltd, Harefield, Uxbridge, Middlesex, England
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31
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DePriest PD, van Nagell JR, Gallion HH, Shenson D, Hunter JE, Andrews SJ, Powell DE, Pavlik EJ. Ovarian cancer screening in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Gynecol Oncol 1993; 51:205-9. [PMID: 8276295 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1993.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
From 1987 to 1992, 3220 asymptomatic postmenopausal women underwent screening with transvaginal sonography (TVS) as part of the University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Project. Ovarian volume was calculated using the prolate ellipsoid formula (length x height x width x 0.523). An abnormal sonogram was defined by (1) an ovarian volume > 10cm3 or (2) a papillary projection into a cystic ovarian tumor. All women with an abnormal TVS had a repeat sonogram in 4-6 weeks. If the repeat sonogram was abnormal, a morphology index score was assigned to each tumor, and a serum CA-125 was obtained. The patient then had a pelvic examination and an exploratory laparotomy. Forty-four patients (1.4%) with a persisting abnormality on TVS underwent exploratory laparotomy. Twenty-one patients had serous cystadenomas and 3 had primary ovarian cancers. Two patients with primary ovarian cancer had Stage IA disease and one had Stage IIIB disease. All patients with ovarian cancer had normal pelvic examinations and normal serum CA-125 levels, and are presently alive and well 32, 31, and 8 months after conventional therapy. Over 5000 screening years have been accumulated at this institution, and there have been no ovarian cancer deaths in the screened population. TVS screening has produced a decrease in stage at detection and case-specific mortality from ovarian cancer. A multi-institutional trial to test the efficacy of TVS as a screening method for ovarian cancer is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D DePriest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536
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DePriest PD, Shenson D, Fried A, Hunter JE, Andrews SJ, Gallion HH, Pavlik EJ, Kryscio RJ, van Nagell JR. A morphology index based on sonographic findings in ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1993; 51:7-11. [PMID: 8244178 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1993.1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A morphology index based on morphologic characteristics of ovarian tumors was developed. Specific categories included tumor volume, wall structure, and septal structure. A point scale (0-4) was developed within each category with the total points per evaluation varying from 0-12. Sonograms on 121 patients undergoing exploratory laparotomy for ovarian masses were evaluated using this index. Eighty ovarian tumors had a morphology index score < 5, and all were benign (negative predictive value, 1.000). In postmenopausal patients, a morphology index score > or = 5 had a positive predictive value for malignancy of 0.45. All ovarian malignancies had significant abnormalities in wall structure and all had a total volume in excess of 10 cm3. The findings of the present investigation indicate that the morphology index is a cost effective adjuvant method which significantly increases the specificity and positive predictive value of transvaginal sonography. The routine application of a morphology index to screening sonography should decrease the amount of diagnostic surgery performed in order to detect each case of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D DePriest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington 40536
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Andrews SJ, Ferrari MM, Pow JD, Lancaster MB. Nematode egg output and plasma concentration of ivermectin after its administration to red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus). Vet Rec 1993; 132:161-3. [PMID: 8456547 DOI: 10.1136/vr.132.7.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Blood and faecal samples were analysed in a study to evaluate the use of ivermectin in red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus elaphus). It was demonstrated that ivermectin, when used at 400 micrograms/kg bodyweight, proved to be more efficient than 200 micrograms/kg bodyweight although positive worm egg counts together with the isolation of lungworm (Dictyocaulus species) larvae were recorded from hinds having received the anthelmintic at the higher dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Department of Parasitology, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey
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Lancaster MB, Andrews SJ. Observations on the output of nematode eggs in faeces and on the subsequent pasture infestation with third stage larvae produced by a herd of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). Vet Rec 1991; 129:549-51. [PMID: 1801404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
More than 2900 faecal samples and 200 herbage samples were examined from January 1986 to January 1989 during a study of the host/parasite relationships of the gastrointestinal nematodes of a herd of farmed red deer in Surrey. The pattern of faecal egg output from the hinds appeared to conform to a tri-modal distribution with peaks during spring, the periparturient period and late summer. Third stage larvae were present on the herbage during every month. The new generation appeared in June but levels of larvae remained low until the autumn. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the farming of red deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Lancaster
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey
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Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect IgG antibodies to Salmonella enteritidis and S typhimurium in the yolk of hens' eggs. Better discrimination and more consistent results were obtained between eggs from experimentally infected and uninfected hens by using saline-dilution of yolk rather than chloroform extraction. Threshold absorbance values were determined in three salmonella-free flocks, and on the basis of these results ELISA optical density values greater than 0.25 were considered to be positive for antibodies to salmonella. Four flocks with a history of salmonella infection were examined; three contained birds which were seropositive for S enteritidis by ELISA and from which S enteritidis was isolated, and a large proportion of eggs from these birds contained antibody to S enteritidis. Eggs from the fourth flock had no detectable antibody, although serum antibody was detected in some birds. No salmonellae were isolated from the yolks of the eggs from any of the four flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Nicholas
- Poultry Department, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Weybridge, Surrey
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Andrews SJ, Lancaster MB. Echinococcosis as a public health problem. Vet Rec 1990; 127:235. [PMID: 2260268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, Surrey
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Andrews SJ, Mather JB. First case of lungworm on Jersey? Vet Rec 1989; 125:50. [PMID: 2528234 DOI: 10.1136/vr.125.2.50-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Abstract
The effect of B cell depletion on the induction and severity of murine experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was investigated. Thirteen CBA mice were given repeated intraperitoneal doses of 700 micrograms purified rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibody from 24 hours to 8 weeks after birth. Controls were given normal rabbit IgG (14 mice) or were left uninjected (10 mice). At six weeks all mice received two doses of 70 micrograms murine thyroid extract in complete Freund's adjuvant. Only 2/13 of the anti-Ig treated mice were fully B cell-deficient as determined by serum IgM, spleen cell immunofluorescence and responsiveness to LPS; however, the levels of anti-thyroglobulin autoantibodies were very low in 7/13 mice. The results demonstrate that thyroiditis can be actively induced in the absence of B cells and autoantibodies but that B cells may play a role in increasing disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Rayfield
- Department of Immunology, United Medical School, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, U.K
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Abstract
A case of Burkitt's-like lymphoma presenting with vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, a 6-cm cervical mass, and a pelvic mass the size of a 16-week gestation is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Andrews
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96859-5000
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Yariv J, Kalb AJ, Papiz MZ, Helliwell JR, Andrews SJ, Habash J. Properties of a new crystal form of the complex of concanavalin A with methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside. J Mol Biol 1987; 195:759-60. [PMID: 3656434 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90198-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The complex of concanavalin A with methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside crystallizes as regular rhombic dodecahedra containing 35% protein by weight. The crystal is of space group I23 with a = 167.8 A (1 A = 0.1 nm) and contains one concanavalin A dimer per asymmetric unit. It diffracts to a resolution of 1.9 A and is suitable for crystallographic investigation of the structure of the saccharide-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yariv
- Department of Biophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Abstract
A mutation induced by ethylnitrosourea in a spermatogonial stem cell of a 101/H mouse has resulted in a structurally altered beta-diffuse major globin in one of his offspring. The mutant hemoglobin is associated with polycythemia, rubor, increased oxygen affinity and decreased hem-hem interaction. The mutant haplotype has been designated Hbbd4, polycythemia. Amino acid analysis of the mutant globin has shown that a single substitution beta 145 Tyr----Cys has occurred, and it is proposed that ethylnitrosourea induced an A----G transition in the tyrosine codon (TAC----TGC). This murine polycythemia is homologous with hemoglobin Rainier in man, in which the amino acid substitution is also beta 145 Tyr----Cys and which is associated with similar physiological consequences.
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Abstract
An electrophoretically detectable variant of lactate dehydrogenase-2 in Mus musculus has been found and used to locate the structural gene, Ldh-2, on chromosome 6. Gene order and recombination frequencies are estimated as Sig--36.0 +/- 4.8--Lc 21.0 +/- 4.1--Miwh--20.0 +/- 4.0--Ldh-2.
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Peters J, Andrews SJ. The Pk-3 gene determines both the heart, M1, and the kidney, M2, pyruvate kinase isozymes in the mouse; and a simple electrophoretic method for separating phosphoglucomutase-3. Biochem Genet 1984; 22:1047-63. [PMID: 6241468 DOI: 10.1007/bf00499631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have found that in mice carrying Pk-3r, an allele leading to loss or activity of kidney pyruvate kinase, the activity of heart pyruvate kinase is also diminished. Electrophoretic studies on tissues from mice carrying Pk-3r and/or Pk-3b, an allele determining an electrophoretically detectable variant, show that Pk-3 affects the expression of both the heart, M1, and the kidney, M2, pyruvate kinase isozymes. These results, together with linkage data, indicate that both isozymes are determined by the same structural gene, Pk-3. We also report a simple method for separating phosphoglucomutase-3 (PGM-3) by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate plates.
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Abstract
Electrophoretic variation of sorbitol dehydrogenase has been found in Mus musculus; the SDH-1 A phenotype migrates further toward the cathode under the conditions used than the SDH-1B phenotype. Mice with the SDH-1B phenotype have enzyme activity reduced to 25% of that found in mice with the SDH-1A phenotype, but no differences in heat stability, pH profile, or Km for fructose were found. The gene Sdh-1 is inherited as an autosomal condominant located on chromosome 2, and the gene order obtained, with genetic distance calculated as percentage recombination +/- SE was Sdh-1--1.9 +/- 1.4--pa--16.4 +/- 3.6--a--3.9 +/- 1.9--bp.
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Abstract
We report a new enzyme xylose dehydrogenase, the structural locus for which is on chromosome 7 of the mouse, closely linked to Tam-1. Three alleles have been detected in both laboratory strains and wild populations. Two of these determine proteins differing in electrophoretic mobility and the third is a "null." This easily scored variation may prove useful both for gene mapping and in population genetics.
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Peters J, Swallow DM, Andrews SJ, Evans L. A gene (Neu-1) on chromosome 17 of the mouse affects acid alpha-glucosidase and codes for neuraminidase. Genet Res (Camb) 1981; 38:47-55. [PMID: 7274663 DOI: 10.1017/s0016672300020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYAn electrophoretically detectable variant of acid α-glucosidase has been found in SM/J mice. This variant is attributable to excess sialylation of the enzyme and is determined by a gene, alpha-glucosidase processing,Aglp, on chromosome 17. In addition, as also reported by Potier, Lu Shun Yan & Womack (1979), SM/J mice are relatively deficient in neuraminidase and it appears that the low level of this enzyme in SM/J is determined by an autosomal codominant gene, neuraminidase-1,Neu-1. Preliminary data indicate thatNeu-1is also on chromosome 17. It seems probable that the several processing genesApl, AglpandMap-2which are all closely linked on chromosome 17 are one and the same, a geneNeu-1coding for neuraminidase.
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Abstract
Cartilage response to plasma, plasma somatomedin activity, body weight and length were measured in rats from 15 days of fetal age to 37 days postnatally. The metabolic activity of costal cartilage was assessed by the incorporation of [35S]sulphate in basal medium and after stimulation by plasma. It was found that (a) A significant stimulation of isotope uptake above basal levels occurred in the presence of 15% standard adult rat plasma at every age studied. (b) The degree of stimulation, a measure of cartilage sensitivity to plasma growth factors, increased through the latter part of fetal life but fell after birth. A high degree of cartilage stimulation was seen on day 6 of postnatal life. (c) The changes in cartilage sensitivity and in the stimulated isotope uptake, resembled the changes observed in growth rate for body weight, nose-rump length and tail length. (d) Plasma somatomedin activity measured by the pig costal cartilage assay was low in the fetus and neonate but rose to adult values 9 days after birth. However, plasma from fetal or neonatal rats tested on cartilage from rats of the same age was equipotent to adult rat plasma. (e) Plasma from hypophysectomized adult rats had a low potency in stimulating isotope uptake by neonatal rat cartilage but was equipotent to normal adult rat plasma in its action on fetal cartilage. (f) The action of plasma from hypophysectomized rats on fetal cartilage was unaffected by dialysis but was destroyed by incubation with trypsin.
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Meo T, Johnson J, Beechey CV, Andrews SJ, Peters J, Searle AG. Linkage analyses of murine immunoglobulin heavy chain and serum prealbumin genes establish their location on chromosome 12 proximal to the T (5;12) 31H breakpoint in band 12F1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1980; 77:550-3. [PMID: 6767238 PMCID: PMC348310 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.77.1.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of backcross mice carrying the Harwell translocation T(5;12)31H has led to the definitive localization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene cluster. Both Igh-1 and Pre-1 loci were found to segregate in tight linkage with the chromosomal markers 5(12) and 12(5), which define the balanced translocation T(5;12)31H. Additional data establish the location of these genes at the telomeric end of chromosome 12. That both loci are proximal to the chromosomal breakpoint in band 12F1 is shown by the phenotypes of segregants aneuploid for the presence or absence of the small marker 5(12). The order of loci inferred from a single recovered recombinant is: centromere-Igh-1-Pre-1-T(5;12)31H.
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