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Sakr S, Inoue K, Mohamed A, Ahmed AA, ElFeky MG, Saleh GM, Kamar MS, Arae H, Aono T, Sahoo SK. Distribution of natural radionuclides in NORM samples from North Abu Rusheid area, Egypt. J Environ Radioact 2023; 266-267:107240. [PMID: 37418811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The North Abu Rusheid area in Egypt is a well-known high background natural radiation area (HBNRA) due to the existence of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) in mylonitic rocks. In this study, 27 rock samples were selected for dose estimation studies. 238U and 232Th were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and 40K was measured using sodium iodide (thallium) gamma-ray spectroscopy. The ranges of activity concentrations (Bq/kg) of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the samples varied from 270 ± 2 to 2120 ± 29, 350 ± 2 to 1840 ± 27 and 20 ± 2 to 1390 ± 35 with mean values of 980 ± 349, 770 ± 351, and 640 ± 402 Bq/kg, respectively. The radiological hazard parameters were estimated from activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K and compared to United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) values. The present study revealed that the hazard parameters were several times higher than the worldwide averages. The U/Th concentration ratio ranged from 0.7 to 3 and could be attributed to the presence of kasolite, uranothorite, zircon, and columbite in mylonitic rocks. From the radiological protection viewpoint, it is necessary to monitor natural radionuclides in these rocks prior to their use in residential and commercial construction materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sakr
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan; Department of Physics, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt; National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - A Mohamed
- Department of Physics, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - A A Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - M G ElFeky
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G M Saleh
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M S Kamar
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H Arae
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - T Aono
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Mishra MK, Jha SK, Patra AC, Mishra DG, Sahoo SK, Sahu SK, Verma GP, Saindane SS, Mitra P, Garg S, Pulhani V, Saradhi IV, Choudhury P, Kumar AV, Sapra BK, Kulkarni MS, Aswal DK. Generation of map on natural environmental background absorbed dose rate in India. J Environ Radioact 2023; 262:107146. [PMID: 36898251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A systematic mapping of natural absorbed dose rate was carried out to assess the existing exposure situation in India. The mammoth nationwide survey covered the entire terrestrial region of the country comprising of 45127 sampling grids (grid size 36 km2) with more than 100,000 data points. The data was processed using Geographic Information System. This study is based on established national and international approaches to provide linkage with conventional geochemical mapping of soil. Majority (93%) of the absorbed dose rate data was collected using handheld radiation survey meters and remaining were measured using environmental Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters. The mean absorbed dose rate of the entire country including several mineralized regions, was found to be 96 ± 21 nGy/h. The median, Geometric Mean and Geometric Standard Deviation values of absorbed dose rate were 94, 94 and 1.2 nGy/h, respectively. Among the High Background Radiation Areas of the country, absorbed dose rate varied from 700 to 9562 nGy/h in Karunagappally area of Kollam district, Kerala. The absorbed dose rate in the present nationwide study is comparable with the global database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Mishra
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S K Jha
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - Aditi C Patra
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - D G Mishra
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S K Sahu
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Gopal P Verma
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Shashank S Saindane
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Pratip Mitra
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Garg
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Vandana Pulhani
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - I V Saradhi
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Probal Choudhury
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - A Vinod Kumar
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - B K Sapra
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - M S Kulkarni
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - D K Aswal
- Health, Safety and Environment Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
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Mishra MK, Ravi PM, Chinnaesakki S, Anilkumar S, Sahoo SK. Protocol for sampling and analysis of food and agricultural produces consequent to a nuclear accident in India. J Environ Radioact 2021; 234:106621. [PMID: 33991742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear accidents, despite having an extremely low probability of occurrence, could cause uncontrolled release of radioactive elements (fission and activation products) into the environment, and may ultimately lead to contamination of food products. Such a scenario requires extraordinary measures for control of food, which might be contaminated to a level not suitable for human consumption. Agricultural products (which include grain crops, vegetable, fruits, dairy, meat, eggs and poultry) pass through a series of local, district and state level markets to finally reach consumers. An effective intervention at different stages of distribution by targeted sampling and analysis of suspected (contaminated) foodstuffs will substantially reduce the chances of contaminated food to reach the public. At the same time, it will also ensure food security of the people without imposing unreasonable restrictions in market flow. This can also help in getting the farmers adequately compensated. This paper presents a protocol for sampling and analysis suitable for India, considering the diversity with respect to climate, soil type, land use, crop pattern, population density, etc. The paper also provides an estimate of infrastructure requirement to carry out environmental monitoring following the emergency with respect to human resources and instruments. The paper proposes to use the national web portal for collection of data pertaining to crop pattern, land use and market flow. A web-based decision support system (Web-DSS) on a GIS platform, for sampling, analysis and display of data online would enhance the transparency of decision being taken and enable the administrators to effectively monitor the work flow, details of sample collection, analysis and effective use of human and other resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Mishra
- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - P M Ravi
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - S Chinnaesakki
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Anilkumar
- Radiation Safety Systems Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
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Kasar S, Mishra S, Sahoo SK, Kavasi N, Omori Y, Arae H, Sorimachi A, Aono T. Sorption-desorption coefficients of uranium in contaminated soils collected around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. J Environ Radioact 2021; 233:106617. [PMID: 33866199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Various radionuclides including fission products and heavy nuclides were released into the environment during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS) accident. The dissolution followed by migration of deposited radionuclides of Cs, Sr and U on soils could take place to the local environment. Therefore, it is necessary to determine sorption-desorption coefficients of U in soil-water system around the FDNPS from a migration viewpoint. The determination of sorption coefficient Kd(S) as well as desorption coefficient Kd(D) for U has been carried out in the present study using a laboratory batch method. Stable U was used for sorption from simulated ground water onto contaminated soil samples collected from Okuma Town, Fukushima. Different soil parameters were measured to understand their effects on sorption and desorption processes. The obtained Kd(S) and Kd(D) values of U were compared with values of Kd(S) and Kd(D) of Cs and Sr and Kd(S)-U in known Fukushima accident contaminated soils reported in the literature for better understanding. It was observed that Kd(S)-U varied from 160 to 5100 L/kg, whereas Kd(D)-U ranged from 200 to 11000 L/kg. Kd(D) was higher than Kd(S) for U in these soils implying irreversibility of the sorption process. Pearson's correlation of Kd(S) values suggested that U sorption is affected by various soil parameters. However, desorption is decided by the nature of U species formed in sorption process and soil parameters like pH, presence of carbonates, Ca ions, clay minerals etc. to some extent. The comparison between Kd(S) and Kd(D) values for Cs, Sr and U revealed that unsorbed Sr could migrate farther than unsorbed Cs or U under the present experimental conditions. Both sorption and desorption studies are of great importance to understand migration of metal ions from contaminated sites to local uncontaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kasar
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Mishra
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - N Kavasi
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Y Omori
- Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - H Arae
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - A Sorimachi
- Integrated Center for Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, 1, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - T Aono
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Murugan R, Kavasi N, Sahoo SK, Omori Y, Sorimachi A, Takahashi H, Aono T. Measurement of uranium isotope ratios in Fukushima-accident contaminated soil samples using multi collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Environ Radioact 2021; 232:106568. [PMID: 33740532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, 137Cs and 238U activity concentrations, 234U/238U activity ratio, and 235U/238U isotope ratio were measured in fifteen soil samples collected from the exclusion zone around the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS). The 137Cs activity concentrations of Fukushima-accident contaminated soil samples ranged from 29.9 to 4780 kBq kg-1 with a mean of 2007 kBq kg-1. On the other hand, the 238U activity concentrations of these soil samples ranged from 5.2 to 22.4 Bq kg-1 with a mean of 13.2 Bq kg-1. The activity ratios of 234U/238U ranged from 0.973 to 1.023. The 235U/238U isotope ratios of these exclusion zone soil samples varied from 0.007246 to 0.007260, and they were similar to the natural terrestrial ratio confirming the natural origin. Using isotope dilution technique, the 235U/137Cs activity ratio was theoretically estimated for highly 137Cs contaminated soil samples from Fukushima exclusion zone ranged from 5.01 × 10-8 - 6.16 × 10-7 with a mean value of 2.51 × 10-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Murugan
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - N Kavasi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Y Omori
- Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - A Sorimachi
- Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - H Takahashi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - T Aono
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Veerasamy N, Murugan R, Kasar S, Inoue K, Kavasi N, Balakrishnan S, Arae H, Fukushi M, Sahoo SK. Geochemical characterization of monazite sands based on rare earth elements, thorium and uranium from a natural high background radiation area in Tamil Nadu, India. J Environ Radioact 2021; 232:106565. [PMID: 33714078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Kanyakumari coastal area in the southernmost part of Tamil Nadu, India is a well-known natural high background radiation area due to the abundance of monazite in beach placer deposits. In the present study, the concentrations of major oxides, rare earth elements (REEs), Th and U were measured to understand geochemical characteristics of these monazite sands. Based on the ambient dose rate, 23 locations covering an area of about 60 km along the coast were selected for sample collection. The concentrations of U and Th ranged from 1.1 to 737.8 μg g-1 and 25.2-12250.6 μg g-1, respectively. The Th/U ratio ranged from 2.2 to 61.6, which clearly indicated that Th was the dominant contributing radionuclide to the enhanced natural radioactivity in this coastal region. The chondrite-normalized REEs pattern of the placer deposits showed enrichment in light REEs and depletion in heavy REEs with a negative Eu anomaly that indicated the monazite sands were derived from granite, charnockite, and granitoid rocks from the Nagercoil and the Trivandrum Blocks of the Southern Granulite Terrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Veerasamy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan; Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - R Murugan
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Kasar
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - N Kavasi
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Balakrishnan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Pondicherry University, R Venkat Raman Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India
| | - H Arae
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - M Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- Environmental Radionuclides Research Group, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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Kumar N, Madan R, Gupta K, Chatterjee D, Uppal DK, Goyal S, Ballari N, Khosla D, Sahoo SK, Ahuja CK. Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes: A tertiary care centre experience. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 202:106508. [PMID: 33556852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes (ETMR) is an extremely rare and highly aggressive tumor. It includes three distinct entities i.e, embryonal tumor with abundant neuropil and true rosettes (ETANTR), ependymoblastoma (EBL) and medulloepithelioma (MEPL). Here, we present our institutional experience of seven ETMR cases treated over a period of five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients' records from 2015 to 2019 were reviewed manually and electronically to retrieve the data. Clinicopathological and outcome details of ETMR cases were entered in a predesigned proforma. RESULTS A total of seven cases of ETMR were registered from 2015 to 2019 with a median age at presentation of four years (range 3-7 years). All patients underwent surgery. However, only three patients completed the planned adjuvant treatment, comprising of focal radiotherapy (RT) alone, craniospinal irradiation (CSI) alone and CSI followed by six cycles of chemotherapy in one patient each respectively. Two patients commenced CSI but deteriorated during RT and thereafter needed best supportive care. Two patients could not be started on any adjuvant treatment. Unfortunately, six patients succumbed to their disease within one year of their diagnosis. Only one patient who received both CSI and adjuvant chemotherapy is alive at 15 months of diagnosis. CONCLUSION ETMR is a rare and aggressive entity. Majority of the patients die within one year of the diagnosis despite multimodality treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Chemoradiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/mortality
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/pathology
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/therapy
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/diagnostic imaging
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/mortality
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/pathology
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive/therapy
- Neurosurgical Procedures
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Tertiary Care Centers
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumar
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - R Madan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - K Gupta
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - D Chatterjee
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - D K Uppal
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Goyal
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Ballari
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - D Khosla
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - C K Ahuja
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Satapathy DM, Karmee N, Sahoo SK, Patro SK, Pandit D. Effect of feeding practices on nutritional status of infant and young children residing in urban slums of berhampur: A decision tree approach. Indian J Public Health 2021; 65:147-151. [PMID: 34135183 DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1272_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in the early years of life will ensure optimal growth and development of the child. However, many children are not fed in the recommended way. Objectives To assess the risk of malnutrition as a result of various feeding practice patterns among the children with the application of the decision tree algorithm. Methods It was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the urban slums of Berhampur Municipal Corporation in Ganjam District, Odisha, India, from January to December 2019. Among a sample of 360 children of 6-23 months, nutritional status and feeding practices were determined. Data were analyzed using R version 3.6.1 developed by R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. The effect of IYCF practices on nutritional status was explained with the decision tree method with the use of a Chi-squared automatic interaction detection algorithm. Results The prevalence of children with early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), minimum meal frequency (MMF), and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) was 62.2%, 59.7%, 41.9%, and 19.4%, respectively. The prevalence of wasting, stunting, and underweight among the participants was 36.4%, 31.1%, and 35.3%, respectively. The significant factors which classified and predicted wasting were EBF, EIBF, and MDD, for stunting factors were EBF, MMF, and MDD and for underweight, significant factors were EBF, EIBF, and MDD. Conclusion With the decision tree approach, the probability of malnutrition in relation to various feeding practices patterns can be easily explained to the mothers and health workers as compared to interpreting odds ratio and strict adherence to IYCF guidelines can also be ensured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Madhab Satapathy
- Professor and HOD, Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Nivedita Karmee
- Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Sanjaya Kumar Sahoo
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Sithun Kumar Patro
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
| | - Debasish Pandit
- Senior Resident, Department of Community Medicine, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, India
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Savitri PP, Murty TS, Sudhakar J, Krishna NS, Sahoo SK, Gupta A, Kumar AV. Ingestion dose due to 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K in the plant origin food materials grown around BARC, Visakhapatnam. Radiat Prot Environ 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_37_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Žunic ZS, Benedik L, Kritsananuwat R, Veselinovic N, Tokonami S, Arae H, Stojanovska Z, Sahoo SK. MEASUREMENT OF URANIUM IN URINE, HAIR AND NAILS IN SUBJECTS OF NISKA BANJA TOWN, A HIGH NATURAL BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA OF SERBIA. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:319-323. [PMID: 31034562 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Urine, hair and nail samples were collected from a population of both sex aged from 40 to 87 years in Niška Banja (227 km south of Belgrade, Serbia) with a high level of natural radioactivity (HLNRA). To assess and monitor the public exposure, urine samples for each subject (24 h period) were collected and concentration of uranium (U) was analysed using alpha-particle spectrometry. Human hair and nails considered as bio-indicators of the public exposure to radionuclides over a long period of months or even years and concentration of U was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of U in urine, hair and nail were 123 ng/L, 17 ng/g and 8 ng/g, respectively. There was a large variation and may be due to geological origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Žunic
- University of Belgrade Institute of Nuclear Sciences 'Vinca', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - L Benedik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Kritsananuwat
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - N Veselinovic
- University of Belgrade Institute of Nuclear Sciences 'Vinca', Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Tokonami
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - H Arae
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | | | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
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11
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Kasar S, Sahoo SK, Arae H, Mishra S, Tokonami S, Aono T. URANIUM, THORIUM AND RARE EARTH ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN FUKUSHIMA SOIL SAMPLES. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:363-367. [PMID: 31330003 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Uranium, thorium and rare earth elements (REEs) in soil samples contaminated by Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This information provides knowledge about concentration levels of REEs in soil samples as a background data after FDNPP accident. Chondrite-normalised REEs pattern does not show enrichment in concentrations of REEs, which could be related to FDNPP accident. The high concentration of these elements at few sampling points may be due to soil formation process from granitic rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kasar
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - H Arae
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Mishra
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori, Japan
| | - T Aono
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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12
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Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Tsuruoka H, Arae H, Balakrishnan S. NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENT AND DOSE ASSESSMENT OF BEACH PLACER SANDS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF TAMIL NADU (INDIA). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184:409-412. [PMID: 31038715 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary study was carried out to determine the radioactivity concentration of 232Th, 226Ra and 40K in beach placer sands from 13 locations along the coast line of Tamil Nadu state, India. The ambient dose rates varied from 9 to 467 nGy h-1. The activity concentrations of radionuclide 232Th, 226Ra and 40K ranged from 5.2 to 683 Bq kg-1, 13 to 198 Bq kg-1 and 107 to 421 Bq kg-1, respectively. The annual effective dose rate ranges from 27 to 620 μSv y-1 and was higher at seven beaches in comparison to the UNSCEAR annual worldwide average value.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Veerasamy
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - K Inoue
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Fukushi
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Tsuruoka
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
- Tsukuba International University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - H Arae
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
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13
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Mishra S, Kasar S, Takamasa A, Veerasamy N, Sahoo SK. Measurement of uranium distribution coefficient and 235U/ 238U ratio in soils affected by Fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident. J Environ Radioact 2019; 198:36-42. [PMID: 30580113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident resulted radioactive contamination in soil due to deposition of mainly radiocesium as well as many long-lived radionuclides surrounding a large area around FDNPP. Depending upon environmental conditions, radionuclides in soil can be mobilized in aquatic systems. Therefore, the fate and transfer of these radionuclides in the soil water system is very important for radiation protection and dose assessment. In the present study, soil and water samples were collected from contaminated areas around FDNPP. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is used for total uranium concentration. Emphasis has been given on isotope ratio measurement of 235U/238U ratio using thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) that gives us the idea about its contamination during accident. For the migration behavior, its distribution coefficient (Kd) has been determined using laboratory batch method. Chemical characterization of soil with respect to different parameters has been carried out. The effect of these soil parameters on distribution coefficient of uranium has been studied in order to explain the radionuclide mobility in this particular area. The distribution coefficient values for uranium are found to vary from 30 to 36000 L/kg. A large variation in the distribution coefficient values shows the retention or mobility of uranium is highly dependent on soil characteristics in the particular area. This variation is explained with respect to soil pH, Fe, Mn, CaCO3 and organic content. There is a very good correlation of uranium Kd obtained with Fe content. There is no enrichment of 235U has been noticed in the studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mishra
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Radiation Safety System Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - S Kasar
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - A Takamasa
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - N Veerasamy
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
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14
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Sharma T, Sharma A, Kaur I, Mahajan RK, Litoria PK, Sahoo SK, Bajwa BS. Uranium distribution in groundwater and assessment of age dependent radiation dose in Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts of Punjab, India. Chemosphere 2019; 219:607-616. [PMID: 30554048 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of seasonal variation of uranium distribution in groundwater of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts of Punjab, India and assessment of associated radiological risks, chemical risks and effective radiation dose for different age groups, was conducted to determine its health impact on humans residing in these regions. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, total hardness and contents of various anions such as carbonates/bicarbonates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, sulphates and phosphates in groundwater were also analysed to determine correlation between groundwater chemistry and uranium distribution. The average values of uranium concentration in ground water samples of Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts were found to be 8.6 μg L-1, 4.3 μg L-1 and 3.0 μg L-1, respectively, in pre-monsoon and 8.8 μg L-1, 4.9 μg L-1 and 3.4 μg L-1, respectively, in post-monsoon. The uranium concentration in majority of the ground water samples was found to be below the permissible limit of 30 μg L-1 recommended by World Health Organization (WHO, 2011). In all three districts, TDS, EC and bicarbonates were found to have positive correlation with observed uranium contents in both seasons. The annual effective dose due to ingestion of uranium through drinking water was found to be less than the prescribed limit of 100 μSv y-1 given by WHO (2004). Radiological and chemical toxicity risk assessment of uranium in groundwater was also carried out and found to be within the permissible values of 1.67 × 10-4 and 4.53 μg kg-1 day-1 respectively, recommended by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB, 2004).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanu Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Arvesh Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Inderpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - R K Mahajan
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - P K Litoria
- Punjab Remote Sensing Centre, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - B S Bajwa
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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15
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Kierepko R, Sahoo SK, Hosoda M, Tokonami S, Sorimachi A, Kim E, Ohno M. 238Pu/ (239+240)Pu activity ratio as an indicator of Pu originating from the FDNPP accident in the terrestrial environment of Fukushima Prefecture. J Environ Radioact 2019; 196:133-140. [PMID: 30453130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has caused significant radionuclide contamination. Pu isotopes at the level of GBq were released from the damaged reactors to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this work, 35 samples were collected at different locations of Fukushima. Samples consisted of three types, soil, forest litter and alluvial dust (road dust, sludges from drainage systems and below gutter pipe outflows). The obtained activity ratios of 238Pu/(239+240)Pu ranged from 0.030 to 1.86. 14 of our samples contained trace amounts of Pu originating from the damaged reactors (2SM verification). Our study identified a few previously unknown "hot spots" of 238Pu/(239+240)Pu activity ratio localized in an area between 15 and 30 km in the northwest direction from the FDNPP. Additionally, results obtained in this study combined with previously published data allowed us to prepare a map of spatial distribution of the Pu isotope fingerprints (238Pu/(239+240)Pu) in Fukushima Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kierepko
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan; Department of Nuclear Physical Chemistry, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Radzikowskiego 152, Poland
| | - S K Sahoo
- Fukushima Project Headquarters, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - M Hosoda
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - A Sorimachi
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan; Department of Radiation Physics and Chemistry, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - E Kim
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - M Ohno
- Department of Radiation Measurement and Dose Assessment, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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16
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Somboon S, Kavasi N, Sahoo SK, Inoue K, Arae H, Tsuruoka H, Shimizu H, Fukushi M. Radiocesium and 40K distribution of river sediments and floodplain deposits in the Fukushima exclusion zone. J Environ Radioact 2018; 195:40-53. [PMID: 30243099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, radiocesium and 40K analysis were accomplished for samples of riverbed sediments and floodplain deposits collected from five rivers in the vicinity (<20 km) of the damaged Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after seven years of the accident. Sediment particle size distribution and major oxide content were determined also for six selected samples to understand the retention and migration process of radiocesium in river environments. The radiocesium activity concentration varied from 103 ± 6 Bq·kg-1 to 22,000 ± 500 Bq·kg-1 in riverbed sediments and from 92 ± 5 Bq·kg-1 to 117,000 ± 2000 Bq·kg-1 in floodplain deposits. The 134Cs/137Cs ratio (decay corrected to 15 March 2011) was 1.02 in the both samples. Compared to monitoring results in 2011, it was proved that the radiocesium distribution pattern had been changed remarkably during seven years. The radiocesium was primarily attached to fine clay particles but its sorption on sand and coarse sand particles was also considerable. The sorption process of radiocesium was not affected by the presence of water and moreover, after seven years of the Fukushima accident, a significant radiocesium migration cannot be expected without particle migration. Consequently, radiocesium will remain for a long time in the river environments and its redistribution is mainly affected by the erosion process of the sediments. The average 40K activity concentration of riverbed sediment and floodplain deposit samples was 640 ± 152 Bq·kg-1 changing from 319 ± 18 Bq·kg-1 to 916 ± 41 Bq·kg-1. In the river estuary zones, significant activity concentration decrements were observed for both radionuclides. This suggests that seawater intrusion has a decreasing effect on both natural and artificial radionuclides via wash-out of particulate radiocesium and 40K, and desorption of these radionuclides, but to reveal the detail of this process further investigations are required. The analysis of 40K can help in a simple and easy way to reveal the mineral composition differences of sediment samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Somboon
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan; National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - N Kavasi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - K Inoue
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - H Arae
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - H Tsuruoka
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - H Shimizu
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - M Fukushi
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
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17
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Janik M, Al-Azmi D, Sahoo SK. THE SCREENING INDOOR RADON AND PRELIMINARY STUDY OF INDOOR THORON CONCENTRATION LEVELS IN KUWAIT. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2018; 181:246-254. [PMID: 29438569 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Indoor measurements of radon and thoron in Kuwait were conducted during the years 2015 and 2016. In this study, 65 dwellings were selected for the long-term radon-thoron survey using passive nuclear track monitors. The monitors (at least one) were used at various locations in the dwellings for 83-306 days. Some measurements were also repeated at the same locations in different seasons. This current study is a preliminary thoron survey with relatively small sample size. The results showed that the range of thoron concentration was from below the lower limit of detection to 35 Bq m-3, whereas the range of radon concentration was within 10-202 Bq m-3. Furthermore, 22% of the radon results exceeded the WHO radon reference level of 100 Bq m-3. The analysis of variance showed a correlation between indoor radon concentration and the season. However, the thoron measurements were rather limited and the values were low. In addition, the relationship was investigated between radon and thoron concentrations involving the floor levels and the type of ventilation systems used.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Janik
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - D Al-Azmi
- Department of Applied Sciences, College of Technological Studies, Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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18
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19
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Lenka P, Gupta A, Sahoo SK, Kale PK, Ravi PM, Tripathi R. Improvement in minimum detectable activity for low energy gamma by optimization in counting geometry. Radiat Prot Environ 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_12_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Lenka P, Gupta A, Sahoo SK, Patra A, Kumar AV, Ravi PM, Tripathi R. Study of equilibrium status among uranium and thorium series radionuclides in soil samples from Visakhapatnam, India. Radiat Prot Environ 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/rpe.rpe_13_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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21
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Sharma KK, Shukla VR, Patel AR, Vaghela KM, Patel HK, Shah PG, Banerjee H, Banerjee T, Hudait RK, Sharma D, Sahoo SK, Singh B, Tripathy V. Multilocation field trials for risk assessment of a combination fungicide Fluopicolide + Propamocarb in tomato. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:604. [PMID: 27709463 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation kinetics of two systemic fungicides, namely fluopicolide and propamocarb used as a combination formulation (Infinito 68.75 SC), were studied on tomato at four different locations by the All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues to recommend their pre-harvest interval (PHI) and to propose the maximum residue limits (MRL) for the two fungicides based on chronic hazard exposure assessment. The combination fungicide was sprayed thrice at the recommended dosage of 93.75 g a.i./ha fluopicolide and 937.50 g a.i./ha propamocarb as well as at double the recommended dosage of 187.50 g a.i./ha fluopicolide and 1875.0 g a.i./ha propamocarb on tomato crops and the residues were monitored periodically by GC-MS. The fungicides dissipated to below the limit of quantification (LOQ) within 10 to 15 days, with a half-life of 2-4 days for fluopicolide and 1-2 days for propamocarb. Taking into consideration the MRLs of codex and calculations made using the method of MRL fixation of the Food Safety and Standard Authority of India (FSSAI) as well as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) calculator, MRL of 5 mg/kg is proposed for fluopicolide and 15 mg/kg for propamocarb, following critical exposure of the commodity considering PHI of 1 day.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Sharma
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - V R Shukla
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - A R Patel
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - K M Vaghela
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - H K Patel
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Paresh G Shah
- Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemanta Banerjee
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ram K Hudait
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Debi Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Horticultural Research Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | | | - Vandana Tripathy
- All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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22
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Sahoo SK, Kierepko R, Sorimachi A, Omori Y, Ishikawa T, Tokonami S, Prasad G, Gusain GS, Ramola RC. NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVEL AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF SOIL SAMPLES FROM A HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREA ON EASTERN COAST OF INDIA (ODISHA). Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2016; 171:172-178. [PMID: 27026744 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study was carried out to determine the radioactivity concentration of soil samples from different sites of a high background radiation area in the eastern coast of India, Odisha state. The dose rate measured in situ varied from 0.25 to 1.2 µSv h-1 The gamma spectrometry measurements indicated Th series elements as the main contributors to the enhanced level of radiation and allowed the authors to find the mean level of the activity concentration (±SD) for 226Ra, 228Th and 40K as 130±97, 1110±890 and 360±140 Bq kg-1, respectively. Human exposure from radionuclides occurring outdoor was estimated based on the effective dose rate, which ranged from 0.14±0.02 to 2.15±0.26 mSv and was higher than the UNSCEAR annual worldwide average value 0.07 mSv. Additionally, X-ray fluorescence analysis provided information about the content of major elements in samples and indicated the significant amount of Ti (7.4±4.9 %) in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - R Kierepko
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, PAS, 152 ul.Radzikowskiego, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - A Sorimachi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Y Omori
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - G Prasad
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, BadshahiThaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
| | - G S Gusain
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, BadshahiThaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
| | - R C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, BadshahiThaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249199, India
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Ps P, Sahoo SK, Biswas D, Dasgupta A. Unsafe Disposal of Child Faeces: A Community-based Study in a Rural Block in West Bengal, India. J Prev Med Public Health 2016; 49:323-328. [PMID: 27744673 PMCID: PMC5066419 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.16.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A clean India is the responsibility of all Indians. One of the objectives of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Initiative) is to bring about behavioural changes regarding healthy sanitation practices. While large-scale programs in India have increased latrine coverage, they have to some extent failed to bring behavioural changes ensuring optimal latrine use, including the safe disposal of child faeces, which is a significant source of exposure to faecal pathogens. Hence, this study was done to explore child faeces disposal practices in rural West Bengal and to elicit the determinants of unhygienic faeces disposal. Methods Data collection was done using an interview method among the mothers of 502 under-5 children, following a pre-designed, semi-structured schedule during house-to-house visits in a set of villages in the Hooghly district of West Bengal. Results The prevalence of unsafe disposal of child faeces was 72.4%, and maternal education, per capita income, and water source were found to be significantly associated with unsafe child faeces disposal. Conclusions This study draws attention to the unsafe disposal of child faeces in this area of India and raises questions about the efficiency of sanitation campaigns in rural India that focus on expanding coverage rather than emphasizing behavioural changes, which are crucial to ensure the safe disposal of child faeces. Thus, it is urgently necessary to strengthen efforts focusing on behavioural changes regarding the safe disposal of child faeces in order to minimise adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Ps
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanjaya Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, West Bengal, India
| | - Dhiraj Biswas
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, West Bengal, India
| | - Aparajita Dasgupta
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, West Bengal, India
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Sahoo SK, Planavsky NJ, Jiang G, Kendall B, Owens JD, Wang X, Shi X, Anbar AD, Lyons TW. Oceanic oxygenation events in the anoxic Ediacaran ocean. Geobiology 2016; 14:457-68. [PMID: 27027776 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The ocean-atmosphere system is typically envisioned to have gone through a unidirectional oxygenation with significant oxygen increases in the earliest (ca. 635 Ma), middle (ca. 580 Ma), or late (ca. 560 Ma) Ediacaran Period. However, temporally discontinuous geochemical data and the patchy metazoan fossil record have been inadequate to chart the details of Ediacaran ocean oxygenation, raising fundamental debates about the timing of ocean oxygenation, its purported unidirectional rise, and its causal relationship, if any, with the evolution of early animal life. To better understand the Ediacaran ocean redox evolution, we have conducted a multi-proxy paleoredox study of a relatively continuous, deep-water section in South China that was paleogeographically connected with the open ocean. Iron speciation and pyrite morphology indicate locally euxinic (anoxic and sulfidic) environments throughout the Ediacaran in this section. In the same rocks, redox sensitive element enrichments and sulfur isotope data provide evidence for multiple oceanic oxygenation events (OOEs) in a predominantly anoxic global Ediacaran-early Cambrian ocean. This dynamic redox landscape contrasts with a recent view of a redox-static Ediacaran ocean without significant change in oxygen content. The duration of the Ediacaran OOEs may be comparable to those of the oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) in otherwise well-oxygenated Phanerozoic oceans. Anoxic events caused mass extinctions followed by fast recovery in biologically diversified Phanerozoic oceans. In contrast, oxygenation events in otherwise ecologically monotonous anoxic Ediacaran-early Cambrian oceans may have stimulated biotic innovations followed by prolonged evolutionary stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - N J Planavsky
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Jiang
- Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - B Kendall
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - J D Owens
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - X Wang
- School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Shi
- School of Earth Science and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - A D Anbar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - T W Lyons
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Shahbabu B, Dasgupta A, Sarkar K, Sahoo SK. Which is More Accurate in Measuring the Blood Pressure? A Digital or an Aneroid Sphygmomanometer. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:LC11-4. [PMID: 27134902 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/14351.7458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertension is one of the major public health problem affecting the whole world so its accurate measurement is of utmost importance for its early diagnosis and management. Concerns related to the potential ill effects of mercury on health and environment, has led to the widespread use of non-mercury sphygmomanometers. AIM A study was conducted to compare the accuracy of readings of aneroid and digital sphygmomanometers in reference to mercury sphygmomanometers and determine the hypertensive classification agreement between the mercury and non-mercury devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in an OPD of a health centre in a rural community of West Bengal which is the rural field practice area of our institute. An aneroid and a digital sphygmomanometer were compared to a properly calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer. All the subjects above the age of 25 years, in two days per week, selected randomly from five working days per week in a period of one month were selected. Two blood pressure readings of each of 218 study subjects was recorded with each pretested sphygmomanometer. Paired t-test, Kappa coefficients, sensitivity and specificity tests were done. Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analysis was done and Youden index was estimated to detect the optimal cut off point for the diagnosis of hypertension by non-mercury sphygmomanometers. RESULTS Data analysis of 218 study subjects showed the mean difference of the mercury reading and the test device was much less for aneroid than that of the digital device for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. More than 89% of aneroid readings and less than 44% of the readings by digital device had absolute difference of 5mm Hg. when compared with the mercury readings for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Sensitivity and specificity of aneroid device was higher (86.7% and 98.7%) than digital device (80% and 67.7%). Receiver Operating Characteristic curve had larger area under the curve for aneroid device than digital device for both SBP and DBP. CONCLUSION The aneroid device had better accuracy than the digital device as compared to mercury sphygmomanometer and should be used for proper and better management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Shahbabu
- Junior Resident, Department of PSM, AIIH&PH , Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Aparajita Dasgupta
- Professor and HOD, Department of PSM, AIIH&PH , Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kaushik Sarkar
- Junior Resident, Department of PSM, AIIH&PH , Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Jha VN, Tripathi RM, Sethy NK, Sahoo SK. Uptake of uranium by aquatic plants growing in fresh water ecosystem around uranium mill tailings pond at Jaduguda, India. Sci Total Environ 2016; 539:175-184. [PMID: 26360459 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.08.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Concentration of uranium was determined in aquatic plants and substrate (sediment or water) of fresh water ecosystem on and around uranium mill tailings pond at Jaduguda, India. Aquatic plant/substrate concentration ratios (CRs) of uranium were estimated for different sites on and around the uranium mill tailings disposal area. These sites include upstream and downstream side of surface water sources carrying the treated tailings effluent, a small pond inside tailings disposal area and residual water of this area. Three types of plant groups were investigated namely algae (filamentous and non-filamentous), other free floating & water submerged and sediment rooted plants. Wide variability in concentration ratio was observed for different groups of plants studied. The filamentous algae uranium concentration was significantly correlated with that of water (r=0.86, p<0.003). For sediment rooted plants significant correlation was found between uranium concentration in plant and the substrate (r=0.88, p<0.001). Both for other free floating species and sediment rooted plants, uranium concentration was significantly correlated with Mn, Fe, and Ni concentration of plants (p<0.01). Filamentous algae, Jussiaea and Pistia owing to their high bioproductivity, biomass, uranium accumulation and concentration ratio can be useful for prospecting phytoremediation of stream carrying treated or untreated uranium mill tailings effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Jha
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - R M Tripathi
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - N K Sethy
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
| | - S K Sahoo
- Health Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Kavasi N, Sahoo SK, Arae H, Yoshida S, Sorimachi A, Tokonami S. Measurement of 90Sr in contaminated Fukushima soils using liquid scintillation counter. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:376-379. [PMID: 25956786 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A method based on liquid scintillation counting system has been developed for the measurement of (90)Sr in Fukushima soil samples due to contamination of (134)Cs and (137)Cs. Three soil samples were collected within 30 km radius from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). Activity concentration of (134)Cs and (137)Cs were measured using a gamma spectroscopy system with high-purity germanium detector. (90)Sr contamination is little elevated but comparable with the background contamination level that originated from atmospheric nuclear weapon tests, whereas radiocesium contamination has increased significantly. Activity concentration of (90)Sr in the soil samples varied in the range of 10.4±0.6-22.0±1.2 Bq kg(-1). Activity concentrations of (134)Cs and (137)Cs in the soil samples were in the range of 28.2±0.2-56.3±0.2 kBq kg(-1) and 35.2±0.1-70.2±0.2 kBq kg(-1), respectively (reference date for decay correction is 1 December 2011).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kavasi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - H Arae
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - S Yoshida
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 Japan
| | - A Sorimachi
- Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima city, Fukushima 960-1295 Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki City, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Shiroma Y, Hosoda M, Ishikawa T, Sahoo SK, Tokonami S, Furukawa M. Estimation of radon emanation coefficient for representative soils in Okinawa, Japan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:147-150. [PMID: 25920788 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Radon ((222)Rn) emanation coefficients for the representative soils distributed in Okinawa Island, Japan, have been estimated empirically. Arithmetic means of the emanation coefficients for dry and moist conditions were calculated to be 0.19 and 0.29, respectively. In Okinawa, the soils are traditionally classified into three types, namely the dark red soils, the residual regosols and the red and yellow soils. The dark red soils have relatively high coefficients. The residual regosols and the red and yellow soils have relatively low coefficients. To investigate the variable factor of the emanation coefficients, analyses of radioactive elements and physical properties have also been performed on the soils. For the dark red soils, the contents of the fine particle and the (226)Ra are relatively higher than those for the other soils. Based on these results, it is suggested that the variation in the radon emanation coefficient is mainly regulated by the (226)Ra concentration, the particle sizes and the water contents of the soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shiroma
- Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - M Hosoda
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima City 960-1295, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, 66-1 Hon-cho, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - M Furukawa
- Graduate School of Engineering and Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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Kudo H, Tokonami S, Omori Y, Ishikawa T, Iwaoka K, Sahoo SK, Akata N, Hosoda M, Wanabongse P, Pornnumpa C, Sun Q, Li X, Akiba S. Comparative dosimetry for radon and thoron in high background radiation areas in China. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:155-159. [PMID: 25935013 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on internal exposure caused by the inhalation of radon and thoron progenies because the internal exposures have not yet been clarified. For their dose assessment, radon, thoron and thoron progeny concentrations were measured by passive monitors over a long period (for 6 months). Consequently, radon, thoron and equilibrium equivalent thoron concentrations were given as 124 ± 78, 1247 ± 1189 and 7.8 ± 9.1 Bq m(-3), respectively. Annual effective doses are estimated to be 3.1 ± 2.0 mSv for radon and 2.2 ± 2.5 mSv for thoron. Total dose are estimated to be 5.3 ± 3.5 mSv a(-1). The present study has revealed that the radon dose was comparable with the thoron dose, and the total dose was ∼2 times higher than the worldwide average.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kudo
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Y Omori
- Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - K Iwaoka
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Akata
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Toki, Japan
| | - M Hosoda
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - P Wanabongse
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - C Pornnumpa
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Q Sun
- National Institute of Radiological Protection, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- National Institute of Radiological Protection, Beijing, China
| | - S Akiba
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Mishra S, Sahoo SK, Arae H, Sorimachi A, Hosoda M, Tokonami S, Ishikawa T. Variability of radiocaesium inventory in Fukushima soil cores from one site measured at different times. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:344-347. [PMID: 25969520 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident has resulted in the deposition of radioactive contamination of soils mainly by (134)Cs and (137)Cs. The contaminated areas are of a great concern since external radiation may lead to significant long-term doses to humans and animals. External dose rate above ground will decrease with physical decay of the radionuclides and as they migrate deeper into the soil with time. In the present study, depth profiles of Cs radioisotopes have been studied at different times over a period of 1 y. Radiocaesium inventories for (134)Cs and (137)Cs down to a depth of 10 cm at the four measurement times varied from 2.09 to 4.14 MBq m(-2) with coefficient of variation (CV): 27.4 %, n = 4 and from 2.13 to 4.23 MBq m(-2) with CV: 27.3 %, n = 4, respectively. The activity ratio for (134)Cs/(137)Cs decreased from 0.62 to 0.46 during 1 y of measurement i.e. July 2012 to June 2013. However, the ratio with decay correction (15 March 2011) was found to be constant ∼1, indicating contamination from FDNPP origin. In order to understand the radiocaesium distribution in soil profile, physico-chemical characterisation of soil has been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mishra
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - H Arae
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - A Sorimachi
- Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Hosoda
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima, Japan
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Ramola RC, Prasad M, Rawat M, Dangwal A, Gusain GS, Mishra R, Sahoo SK, Tokonami S. Comparative study of various techniques for environmental radon, thoron and progeny measurements. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2015; 167:22-28. [PMID: 25920785 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncv215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Long-term average concentrations of radon, thoron and progeny were measured in normal and high background radiation areas in India using different techniques. Radon, thoron and progeny concentrations were measured using Raduet, Pin-Hole dosimeter, deposition-based CR-39 and deposition-based direct radon/thoron progeny sensor (DRPS/DTPS) detector system. All these techniques were used at a same time inside an individual dwelling. Radon concentration was recorded higher than thoron concentration in Garhwal Homes (NBRA) while thoron concentration was found relatively higher in the houses of Chhatarpur area (HBRA) in Odisha, India. The values measured with the CR-39 detector-based technique were found comparable with the values measured with the LR-115 detector-based technique. The comparisons of results using various techniques and their usefulness in radiation measurements are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Ramola
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - Mukesh Prasad
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - Mukesh Rawat
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - Anoop Dangwal
- Department of Physics, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Badshahi Thaul Campus, Tehri Garhwal 249 199, India
| | - G S Gusain
- Department of Physics, Govt Post Graduate College, New Tehri 249 001, India
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
| | - S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Sahoo SK, Žunić ZS, Kritsananuwat R, Zagrodzki P, Bossew P, Veselinovic N, Mishra S, Yonehara H, Tokonami S. Distribution of uranium, thorium and some stable trace and toxic elements in human hair and nails in Niška Banja Town, a high natural background radiation area of Serbia (Balkan Region, South-East Europe). J Environ Radioact 2015; 145:66-77. [PMID: 25875006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human hair and nails can be considered as bio-indicators of the public exposure to certain natural radionuclides and other toxic metals over a long period of months or even years. The level of elements in hair and nails usually reflect their levels in other tissues of body. Niška Banja, a spa town located in southern Serbia, with locally high natural background radiation was selected for the study. To assess public exposure to the trace elements, hair and nail samples were collected and analyzed. The concentrations of uranium, thorium and some trace and toxic elements (Mn, Ni, Cu, Sr, Cd, and Cs) were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). U and Th concentrations in hair varied from 0.0002 to 0.0771 μg/g and from 0.0002 to 0.0276 μg/g, respectively. The concentrations in nails varied from 0.0025 to 0.0447 μg/g and from 0.0023 to 0.0564 μg/g for U and Th, respectively. We found significant correlations between some elements in hair and nails. Also indications of spatial clustering of high values could be found. However, this phenomenon as well as the large variations in concentrations of heavy metals in hair and nail could not be explained. As hypotheses, we propose possible exposure pathways which may explain the findings, but the current data does not allow testing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Z S Žunić
- Institute of Nulcear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, P.O Box 522, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - R Kritsananuwat
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - P Zagrodzki
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Medical College Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342 Kraków, Poland
| | - P Bossew
- German Fedearal Office for Radiation Protection, Köpenicker Allee 120-130, 10318 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Veselinovic
- Institute of Nulcear Sciences "Vinca", University of Belgrade, P.O Box 522, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
| | - S Mishra
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - H Yonehara
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - S Tokonami
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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Chahil GS, Mandal K, Sahoo SK, Singh B. Risk assessment of mixture formulation of spirotetramat and imidacloprid in chilli fruits. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:4105. [PMID: 25467410 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Persistence and risk assessment of spirotetramat and imidacloprid in chilli fruits were studied following three applications of a mixture formulation of spirotetramat (12%) and imidacloprid (12%) at 1000 and 2000 mL ha(-1). Residues of spirotetramat and imidacloprid in chilli were estimated by high-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Residues of spirotetramat and imidacloprid dissipated to more than 65% after 3 days at both the dosages. Residues of spirotetramat on chilli fruits were found to be below its limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.03 mg kg(-1) after 5 and 7 days for recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively. Similarly, imidacloprid residues were found to be below its LOQ of 0.01 mg kg(-1) at 7 and 10 days, respectively. Half-life periods for spirotetramat were found to be 1.91 and 1.30 days, whereas, for imidacloprid, these values were observed to be 1.41 and 1.65 days at recommended and double the recommended dosages, respectively. Red chilli samples collected after 20 days of the last application did not show the presence of spirotetramat and imidacloprid at their respective determination limit. As the theoretical maximum residue contributions on chilli fruits are found to be less than the maximum permissible intake values on initial deposits, a waiting period of 1 day may follow to reduce risk before consumption at the recommended dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Chahil
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
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Jha VN, Kumar R, Ravi PM, Sahoo SK, Sethy NK, Tripathi RM. Comparison of natural distribution pattern of uranium in groundwater in the vicinity of tailings management facilities at Jaduguda and Turamdih in Singhbhum region, Jharkhand. Radiat Prot Environ 2014. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-0464.154867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mohapatra S, Sahoo SK, Vinod Kumar A, Patra AC, Lenka P, Dubey JS, Thakur VK, Tripathi RM, Puranik VD. Distribution of norm and 137Cs in soils of the Visakhapatnam region, Eastern India, and associated radiation dose. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 157:95-104. [PMID: 23620565 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The specific activity of naturally occurring radioactive materials and (137)Cs in surface soils around the new Bhabha Atomic Research Centre site at Visakhapatnam region, Eastern India, has been determined using high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry as part of a baseline radiological survey. Radiation hazard for the samples was assessed by radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and absorbed gamma dose rate (D). The mean absorbed gamma dose rate was found to be 104.9 nGy h(-1). The average annual effective dose equivalent was found to be 0.13 mSv y(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohapatra
- Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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Abstract
Malaria is one of the commonest parasitic disease in the tropics since ages. However the plasmodium still continues to give surprises to all of us. In the similar context we report a case of Plasmodium vivax induced myocarditis in a 20 year old male and review the literature related to this rare entitiy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi, India
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Patra AC, Sahoo SK, Tripathi RM, Puranik VD. Distribution of radionuclides in surface soils, Singhbhum Shear Zone, India and associated dose. Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:7833-7843. [PMID: 23456273 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-013-3138-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gamma emitters were estimated in surface soils from a mineralized zone in Eastern India using high purity Germanium detector-based high resolution gamma spectrometry system. Activities of (238)U, (226)Ra, (232)Th, (235)U, (227)Th, (234 m)Pa, (210)Pb, (40)K, and (137)Cs were 79 ± 50, 81 ± 53, 65 ± 23, 4 ± 2, 5 ± 4, 92 ± 50, 97 ± 45, 517 ± 201, and 4 ± 2 Bq/kg, respectively. Most radionuclides were observed to follow log-normal distribution. The correlation between physicochemical properties of the samples, like pH, organic matter content, particle size, and moisture content were also studied. Activity ratios of (226)Ra/(238)U, (210)Pb/(226)Ra, and (227)Th/(235)U indicated deviation from secular equilibrium in some samples. The associated annual effective dose ranged from 0.07 to 0.24 mSv and the mean was calculated to be 0.12 ± 0.04 mSv for this region, indicating it to be one of normal natural background radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Patra
- Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 085 Trombay, India.
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Patra AC, Mohapatra S, Sahoo SK, Lenka P, Dubey JS, Tripathi RM, Puranik VD. Age-dependent dose and health risk due to intake of uranium in drinking water from Jaduguda, India. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 155:210-216. [PMID: 23525912 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Uranium is a heavy metal that is not only radiologically harmful but also a well-known nephrotoxic element. In this study, occurrence of uranium in drinking water samples from locations near the uranium mining site at Jaduguda, India, was studied by Laser-induced fluorimetry. Uranium concentrations range from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 11.6 ± 1.3 µg l(-l), being well within the US Environmental Protection Agency drinking water limit of 30 μg l(-1). The ingestion dose due to the presence of uranium in drinking water for various age groups varies from 0.03 to 28.3 μSv y(-1). The excess lifetime cancer risk varies from 4.3×10(-8) to 1.7×10(-5) with an average value of 4.8×10(-6), much less than the acceptable excess lifetime cancer risk of 10(-3) for radiological risk. The chemical risk (hazard quotient) has an average value of 0.15 indicating that the water is safe for drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Patra
- Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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Jha VN, Tripathi RM, Sethy NK, Sahoo SK, Puranik VD. Uptake of 210Po by aquatic plants of a fresh water ecosystem around the uranium mill tailings management facility of Jaduguda, India. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:770-81. [PMID: 23651312 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.802053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study was designed to investigate the uptake of Polonium-210 ((210)Po) by aquatic plants growing in a fresh water ecosystem around the tailings management facility of the uranium industry of Jaduguda, India. Evaluation of the activity concentration of (210)Po in aquatic plants, the concentration ratio of (210)Po from substrate to plants and the relationship of (210)Po with other stable elements were major objectives of the investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on the habitat, three types of plant were collected and analyzed for (210)Po activity estimation. Along with aquatic plants, effluent, surface water and bottom sediment were also collected and analyzed for (210)Po activity content. From the acid solution (210)Po was electrodeposited on brightly polished silver discs and counted for alpha activity in an alpha counter. RESULTS The highest (210)Po activity concentration (4884 Bq kg(-1) fresh weight) was found in filamentous algae from residual water of the tailings pond. For sediment-rooted plants, a significant positive correlation (r = 0.91, p < 0.0001) was observed between plant and sediment activity concentration of (210)Po. CONCLUSIONS For all of the three different groups of plants studied, highly significant correlations were observed between activity concentration of (210)Po and Cu with the significance level variation between 0.00-0.05 (both for linear and log transformed data).
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Jha
- Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Mumbai , India
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40
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Bal NC, Maurya SK, Sopariwala DH, Sahoo SK, Shaikh SA, Pant M, Rowland LA, Periasamy M. Sarcolipin is a novel regulator of muscle based thermogenesis and metabolism in mammals. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.736.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sana A Shaikh
- Physiology and Cell BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH
| | - Meghna Pant
- Physiology and Cell BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH
| | | | - Muthu Periasamy
- Physiology and Cell BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH
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41
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Lenka P, Sahoo SK, Mohapatra S, Patra AC, Dubey JS, Vidyasagar D, Tripathi RM, Puranik VD. Ingestion dose from 238U, 232Th, 226Ra, 40K and 137Cs in cereals, pulses and drinking water to adult population in a high background radiation area, Odisha, India. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 153:328-333. [PMID: 22802517 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A natural high background radiation area is located in Chhatrapur, Odisha in the eastern part of India. The inhabitants of this area are exposed to external radiation levels higher than the global average background values, due to the presence of uranium, thorium and its decay products in the monazite sands bearing placer deposits in its beaches. The concentrations of (232)Th, (238)U, (226)Ra, (40)K and (137)Cs were determined in cereals (rice and wheat), pulses and drinking water consumed by the population residing around this region and the corresponding annual ingestion dose was calculated. The annual ingestion doses from cereals, pulses and drinking water varied in the range of 109.4-936.8, 10.2-307.5 and 0.5-2.8 µSv y(-1), respectively. The estimated total annual average effective dose due to the ingestion of these radionuclides in cereals, pulses and drinking water was 530 µSv y(-1). The ingestion dose from cereals was the highest mainly due to a high consumption rate. The highest contribution of dose was found to be from (226)Ra for cereals and drinking water and (40)K was the major dose contributor from the intake of pulses. The contribution of man-made radionuclide (137)Cs to the total dose was found to be minimum. (226)Ra was found to be the largest contributor to ingestion dose from all sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna Lenka
- Environmental Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Sahoo SK, Mandal K, Singh G, Kumar R, Chahil GS, Battu RS, Singh B. Residual behavior of quizalofop ethyl on onion (Allium cepa L.). Environ Monit Assess 2013; 185:1711-1718. [PMID: 22572798 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Quizalofop ethyl, a phenoxy propionate herbicide, is used for postemergence control of annual and perennial grass weeds in broad-leaved crops in India. The experiments were designed to study the dissipation kinetics of quizalofop ethyl on onion for two seasons. A simple, rapid, and sensitive method for estimation of quizalofop ethyl residues in onion and soil was developed and validated. The recoveries of quizalofop ethyl residues from onion and soil at different spiking level range from 84.81 to 92.68 %. The limit of quantification of this method was found to be 0.01 μg g(-1). The risk assessment through consumption of the onion in comparison to its acceptable daily intake which is an important parameter for the safety of the consumer was also evaluated. Standardized methodology supported by recovery studies was adopted to estimate residues of quizalofop ethyl on onion and soil. The average initial deposits of quizalofop ethyl on onion were observed to be 0.25 and 0.33 mg kg(-1), following single application of the herbicide at 50 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha(-1) during 2009 and 2010, respectively. The half-life values (T (1/2)) of quizalofop ethyl on onion crop were worked out to be 0.85 and 0.79 days, respectively, during 2009 and 2010. At harvest time, the residues of quizalofop ethyl on onion and soil were found to be below the determination limit of 0.01 mg kg(-1) following single application of the herbicide at 50 and 100 g a.i. ha(-1) for both the periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- Pesticide Residue Analysis Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-, 141004 Punjab, India
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Sahoo SK, Sahoo SK, Behera A, Patil SV, Panda SK. Formulation, in vitro drug release study and anticancer activity of 5-fluorouracil loaded gellan gum microbeads. Acta Pol Pharm 2013; 70:123-127. [PMID: 23610967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil loaded calcium-zinc-gellan and calcium-zinc-gellan-ethyl cellulose microbeads were successfully prepared by simple ionotropic gelation and oil in water ionotropic gelation technique, respectively. Prepared microbeads were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and evaluated for particle size, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, drug release and cell cytotoxicity study. Microbeads formed were spherical with rough surface. As concentration of gellan and ethyl cellulose has increased encapsulation efficiency, particle size and sustained drug release effect also increased. The release of 5-fluorouracil from microbeads has followed Hixson Crowell model suggesting the mechanism of drug release as dissolution controlled. Cytotoxicity analysis on HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines indicated that 5-FU loaded gellan gum/gellan in combination with ethyl cellulose microbeads leads to sustained releases of drug and thus delayed apoptosis over a long period of time. The formulation with drug:gellan:ethyl cellulose ratio 2.5:7.5:1 was found to be more effectual in terms of sustained drug release activity in addition to anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sahoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
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Sethy NK, Tripathi RM, Jha VN, Ravi PM, Sahoo SK. Dissolved uranium,226Ra in the mine water effluent: A case study in Jaduguda. Radiat Prot Environ 2013. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-0464.121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Inoue K, Hosoda M, Sugino M, Simizu H, Akimoto A, Hori K, Ishikawa T, Sahoo SK, Tokonami S, Narita H, Fukushi M. Environmental radiation at Izu-Oshima after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:234-237. [PMID: 22927656 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental radiation at Izu-Oshima Island was observed 6 months after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (F1-NPP). A car-borne survey of the dose rate in air was conducted over the entire island and the results were compared with measurements performed in 2005 (i.e. before the accident). The activity concentrations of (134)Cs and (137)Cs were also measured using a germanium detector. The dose rate in air was found to be 2.9 ± 1.2 times higher than that in 2005 and (134)Cs was detected on Izu-Oshima Island. These results are attributed to the accident at the F1-NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Inoue
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashiogu, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
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Zunic ZS, Tokonami S, Mishra S, Arae H, Kritsananuwat R, Sahoo SK. Distribution of uranium and some selected trace metals in human scalp hair from Balkans. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:220-223. [PMID: 22940792 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The possible consequences of the use of depleted uranium (DU) used in Balkan conflicts in 1995 and 1999 for the people and the environment of this reason need attention. The heavy metal content in human hair may serve as a good indicator of dietary, environmental and occupational exposures to the metal compounds. The present work summarises the distribution of uranium and some selected trace metals such as Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd and Cs in the scalp hair of inhabitants from Balkans exposed to DU directly and indirectly, i.e. Han Pijesak, Bratoselce and Gornja Stubla areas. Except U and Cs, all other metals were compared with the worldwide reported values of occupationally unexposed persons. Uranium concentrations show a wide variation ranging from 0.9 ± 0.05 to 449 ± 12 µg kg(-1). Although hair samples were collected from Balkan conflict zones, uranium isotopic measurement ((235)U/(238)U) shows a natural origin rather than DU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z S Zunic
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences Vinca, University of Belgrade, PO Box 522, 11000 Beograd, Serbia
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47
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Gusain GS, Rautela BS, Sahoo SK, Ishikawa T, Prasad G, Omori Y, Sorimachi A, Tokonami S, Ramola RC. Distribution of terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate in the eastern coastal area of Odisha, India. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:42-45. [PMID: 22874894 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial gamma radiation is one of the important radiation exposures on the earth's surface that results from the three primordial radionuclides (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K. The elemental concentration of these elements in the earth's crust could result in the anomalous variation of the terrestrial gamma radiation in the environment. The geology of the local area plays an important role in distribution of these radioactive elements. Environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose rates were measured around the eastern coastal area of Odisha with the objective of establishing baseline data on the background radiation level. The values of the terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate vary significantly at different locations in the study area. The values of the terrestrial gamma dose rate ranged from 77 to 1651 nGy h(-1), with an average of 230 nGy h(-1). During the measurement of the terrestrial gamma dose rate, sand and soil samples were also collected for the assessment of natural radionuclides. The activities of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K from these samples were measured using a gamma-ray spectrometry with a NaI(Tl) detector. Activity concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K ranged from 15.6 to 69 Bq kg(-1) with an average of 46.7 Bq kg(-1), from 28.9 to 973 Bq kg(-1) with an average of 250 Bq kg(-1) and from 139 to 952 Bq kg(-1) with an average of 429, respectively. The detailed significance of these studies has been discussed from the radiation protection point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Gusain
- Department of Physics, Government Post Graduate College, New Tehri 249001, India
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48
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Prasad G, Ishikawa T, Hosoda M, Sahoo SK, Kavasi N, Sorimachi A, Tokonami S, Uchida S. Measurement of radon/thoron exhalation rates and gamma-ray dose rate in granite areas in Japan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:130-134. [PMID: 22923241 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Radon and thoron exhalation rates and gamma-ray dose rate in different places in Hiroshima Prefecture were measured. Exhalation rates were measured using an accumulation chamber method. The radon exhalation rate was found to vary from 3 to 37 mBq m(-2) s(-1), while the thoron exhalation rate ranged from 40 to 3330 mBq m(-2) s(-1). The highest radon exhalation rate (37 mBq m(-2) s(-1)) and gamma-ray dose rate (92 nGy h(-1)) were found in the same city (Kure City). In Kure City, indoor radon and thoron concentrations were previously measured at nine selected houses using a radon-thoron discriminative detector (Raduet). The indoor radon concentrations varied from 16 to 78 Bq m(-3), which was higher than the average value in Japan (15.5 Bq m(-3)). The indoor thoron concentration ranged from ND (not detected: below a detection limit of approximately 10 Bq m(-3)) to 314 Bq m(-3). The results suggest that radon exhalation rate from the ground is an influential factor for indoor radon concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Prasad
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Mishra S, Arae H, Zamostyan PV, Ishikawa T, Yonehara H, Sahoo SK. Sorption-desorption characteristics of uranium, cesium and strontium in typical podzol soils from Ukraine. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:238-242. [PMID: 22929558 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sorption-desorption behaviour of uranium (U), cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) was examined by quantification of the solid-liquid distribution coefficients (K(d)) using batch method in typical podzol soils from Ukraine. The effect of different physico-chemical parameters of soil on K(d) values has been discussed. Sorption reversibility has been tested by single extraction test. U shows reversible sorption and there was no isotopic fractionation observed with a known isotopic U composition using as tracer. Cs sorption mostly occurred in an irreversible manner. The clay content and exchangeable potassium in soil play an important role in Cs fixation. Sr adsorption is observed to be reversible and mainly controlled by cation exchange and shows highest mobility in the soil-water system. The K(d) values are found in the decreasing order U (log K(d) ≈ 2-3) > Cs (log K(d) ≈ 2) > Sr (log K(d) ≈ 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mishra
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
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50
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Shiroma Y, Kina S, Fujitani T, Hosoda M, Sorimachi A, Ishikawa T, Sahoo SK, Tokonami S, Furukawa M. Characteristics of radon and thoron exhalation rates in Okinawa, subtropical region of Japan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:184-188. [PMID: 22933409 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Radon and thoron exhalation rates from the ground surface were estimated in three islands of Okinawa Prefecture, a subtropical region of Japan. In situ measurements of the exhalation rates were conducted at a total of 88 points using an accumulation technique with a ZnS(Ag) scintillation detector. The radon and thoron exhalation rates were calculated to be 1-137 (arithmetic mean: 21) mBq m(-2) s(-1) and 32-6244 (1801) mBq m(-2) s(-1), respectively. In the surface soil samples collected at 53 measurement points, (238)U and (232)Th series concentrations were estimated to be 17.9-254.0 (64.0) Bq kg(-1) dry and 17.8-136.1 (58.8) Bq kg(-1) dry, respectively. The maximum rates and concentrations were observed in the dark red soil area. Recent studies strongly suggest that the base material of the soils may be the eolian dust derived from the southeastern part of China, a high background radiation area. The eolian dust is, therefore, considered to be an enhancer for the radon and thoron exhalations in Okinawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shiroma
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
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