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Lin DJ, Hardstone R, DiCarlo JA, Mckiernan S, Snider SB, Jacobs H, Erler KS, Rishe K, Boyne P, Goldsmith J, Ranford J, Finklestein SP, Schwamm LH, Hochberg LR, Cramer SC. Distinguishing Distinct Neural Systems for Proximal vs Distal Upper Extremity Motor Control After Acute Stroke. Neurology 2023; 101:e347-e357. [PMID: 37268437 PMCID: PMC10435065 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The classic and singular pattern of distal greater than proximal upper extremity motor deficits after acute stroke does not account for the distinct structural and functional organization of circuits for proximal and distal motor control in the healthy CNS. We hypothesized that separate proximal and distal upper extremity clinical syndromes after acute stroke could be distinguished and that patterns of neuroanatomical injury leading to these 2 syndromes would reflect their distinct organization in the intact CNS. METHODS Proximal and distal components of motor impairment (upper extremity Fugl-Meyer score) and strength (Shoulder Abduction Finger Extension score) were assessed in consecutively recruited patients within 7 days of acute stroke. Partial correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between proximal and distal motor scores. Functional outcomes including the Box and Blocks Test (BBT), Barthel Index (BI), and modified Rankin scale (mRS) were examined in relation to proximal vs distal motor patterns of deficit. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was used to identify regions of injury associated with proximal vs distal upper extremity motor deficits. RESULTS A total of 141 consecutive patients (49% female) were assessed 4.0 ± 1.6 (mean ± SD) days after stroke onset. Separate proximal and distal upper extremity motor components were distinguishable after acute stroke (p = 0.002). A pattern of proximal more than distal injury (i.e., relatively preserved distal motor control) was not rare, observed in 23% of acute stroke patients. Patients with relatively preserved distal motor control, even after controlling for total extent of deficit, had better outcomes in the first week and at 90 days poststroke (BBT, ρ = 0.51, p < 0.001; BI, ρ = 0.41, p < 0.001; mRS, ρ = 0.38, p < 0.001). Deficits in proximal motor control were associated with widespread injury to subcortical white and gray matter, while deficits in distal motor control were associated with injury restricted to the posterior aspect of the precentral gyrus, consistent with the organization of proximal vs distal neural circuits in the healthy CNS. DISCUSSION These results highlight that proximal and distal upper extremity motor systems can be selectively injured by acute stroke, with dissociable deficits and functional consequences. Our findings emphasize how disruption of distinct motor systems can contribute to separable components of poststroke upper extremity hemiparesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lin
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital.
| | - Richard Hardstone
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Julie A DiCarlo
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Sydney Mckiernan
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Samuel B Snider
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Hannah Jacobs
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Kimberly S Erler
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Kelly Rishe
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Pierce Boyne
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Jessica Ranford
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Seth P Finklestein
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
| | - Steven C Cramer
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., R.H., J.A.D., S.M., H.J., K.S.E., K.R., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology; Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Department of Occupational Therapy (H.J., K.S.E.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Department of Rehabilitation (P.B.), Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Allied Health Sciences, OH; Department of Biostatistics (J.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY; Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; and Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, California Rehabilitation Hospital
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Lin DJ, Erler KS, Snider SB, Bonkhoff AK, DiCarlo JA, Lam N, Ranford J, Parlman K, Cohen A, Freeburn J, Finklestein SP, Schwamm LH, Hochberg LR, Cramer SC. Cognitive Demands Influence Upper Extremity Motor Performance During Recovery From Acute Stroke. Neurology 2021; 96:e2576-e2586. [PMID: 33858997 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that cognitive demands influence motor performance during recovery from acute stroke, we tested patients with acute stroke on 2 motor tasks with different cognitive demands and related task performance to cognitive impairment and neuroanatomic injury. METHODS We assessed the contralesional and ipsilesional upper extremities of a cohort of 50 patients with weakness after unilateral acute ischemic stroke at 3 time points with 2 tasks: the Box & Blocks Test, a task with greater cognitive demand, and Grip Strength, a simple and ballistic motor task. We compared performance on the 2 tasks, related motor performance to cognitive dysfunction, and used voxel-based lesion symptom mapping to determine neuroanatomic sites associated with motor performance. RESULTS Consistent across contralesional and ipsilesional upper extremities and most pronounced immediately after stroke, Box & Blocks scores were significantly more impaired than Grip Strength scores. The presence of cognitive dysfunction significantly explained up to 33% of variance in Box & Blocks performance but was not associated with Grip Strength performance. While Grip Strength performance was associated with injury largely restricted to sensorimotor regions, Box & Blocks performance was associated with broad injury outside sensorimotor structures, particularly the dorsal anterior insula, a region known to be important for complex cognitive function. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that cognitive demands influence upper extremity motor performance during recovery from acute stroke. Our findings emphasize the integrated nature of motor and cognitive systems and suggest that it is critical to consider cognitive demands during motor testing and neurorehabilitation after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Lin
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles.
| | - Kimberly S Erler
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Samuel B Snider
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Anna K Bonkhoff
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Julie A DiCarlo
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Nicole Lam
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Jessica Ranford
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Kristin Parlman
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Audrey Cohen
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Jennifer Freeburn
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Seth P Finklestein
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
| | - Steven C Cramer
- From the Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery (D.J.L., J.A.D., N.L., J.R., K.P., A.C., J.F., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Division of Neurocritical Care (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, Stroke Service (D.J.L., S.P.F., L.H.S., L.R.H.), Department of Neurology, J. Philip Kistler Stroke Research Center (A.K.B.), Department of Neurology, Department of Occupational Therapy (J.R.), Department of Physical Therapy (K.P.), and Department of Speech, Language, and Swallowing Disorders (A.C., J.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology (D.J.L., L.R.H.), Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of VA Medical Center, Providence, RI; Department of Occupational Therapy (K.S.E., N.L.), MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA; Division of Neurocritical Care (S.B.S.), Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; School of Engineering (L.R.H.), Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Neurology (S.C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles; and California Rehabilitation Hospital (S.C.C.), Los Angeles
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Bosetti F, Koenig JI, Ayata C, Back SA, Becker K, Broderick JP, Carmichael ST, Cho S, Cipolla MJ, Corbett D, Corriveau RA, Cramer SC, Ferguson AR, Finklestein SP, Ford BD, Furie KL, Hemmen TM, Iadecola C, Jakeman LB, Janis S, Jauch EC, Johnston KC, Kochanek PM, Kohn H, Lo EH, Lyden PD, Mallard C, McCullough LD, McGavern LM, Meschia JF, Moy CS, Perez-Pinzon MA, Ramadan I, Savitz SI, Schwamm LH, Steinberg GK, Stenzel-Poore MP, Tymianski M, Warach S, Wechsler LR, Zhang JH, Koroshetz W. Translational Stroke Research: Vision and Opportunities. Stroke 2017; 48:2632-2637. [PMID: 28751554 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.017112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosetti
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.).
| | - James I Koenig
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Cenk Ayata
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Stephen A Back
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Kyra Becker
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Joseph P Broderick
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Sunghee Cho
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Dale Corbett
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Roderick A Corriveau
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Steven C Cramer
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Adam R Ferguson
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Seth P Finklestein
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Byron D Ford
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Karen L Furie
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Thomas M Hemmen
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Lyn B Jakeman
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Scott Janis
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Edward C Jauch
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Karen C Johnston
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Harold Kohn
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Patrick D Lyden
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Carina Mallard
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Louise D McCullough
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Linda M McGavern
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - James F Meschia
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Claudia S Moy
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Miguel A Perez-Pinzon
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Ipolia Ramadan
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Sean I Savitz
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Lee H Schwamm
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Mary P Stenzel-Poore
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Michael Tymianski
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Steven Warach
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Lawrence R Wechsler
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - John H Zhang
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
| | - Walter Koroshetz
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (F.B., J.I.K., R.A.C., L.B.J., S.J., L.M.M., C.S.M., I.R., W.K.); Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (C.A., E.H.L., L.H.S.); Oregon Health & Science University, Portland (S.A.B., M.P.S.-P.); Department of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle (K.B.); Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.P.B.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles (S.T.C.); Brain Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (S.C., C.I.); Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington (M.J. C.); Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ontario (D.C.); Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Orange (S.C.C.); Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (A.R.F.); Stemetix, Inc, Needham, MA (S.F.); Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside (B.D.F.); Department of Neurology, Brown University, Providence, RI (K.L.F.); Department of Neurology, University of California, San Diego (T.M.H.); Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (E.C.J.); Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (K.C.J.); Department of Critical Care Medicine (P.M.K.) and Department of Neurology (L.R.W.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (H.K.); Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (P.D.L.); University of Gothenburg, Sweden (C.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston (L.D.M., S.I.S.); Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL (J.F.M.); Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School, FL (M.A.P.-P.); Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, CA (G.K.S.); Division of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, ON (M.T.); Department of Neurology, University of Texas, Austin (S.W.); and Department of Neurosurgery and Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, CA (J.H.Z.)
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