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Borowiecki M, Kim Y, Emery S. A Patchy Prohibition: Product and Flavor Substitution After the Food and Drug Administration's Prioritized Enforcement Policy on Flavored E-cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:527-535. [PMID: 37948576 PMCID: PMC11033575 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION E-cigarettes have rapidly grown in use among U.S. adolescents; in response, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) engaged in an "enforcement policy on banned e-cigarette flavors" ("enforcement action") for pod-based e-cigarettes in January 2020, which accounted for most U.S. e-cigarette sales. No literature has yet examined long-term changes in e-cigarette sales patterns changed in relation to the FDA enforcement action. AIMS AND METHODS We analyzed U.S. e-cigarette sales using Nielsen retail scanner data between March 2017 and December 2021, describing e-cigarette sales trends overall, by device type, and by flavor category. We also performed joinpoint regression analysis on the sales trends to detect significant changes in the rate of change of sales over time. RESULTS The FDA enforcement action was associated with a sharp initial decrease in prefilled pod dollar sales, followed by a steady increase from April 2020 through the end of 2021, growing beyond the previous maximum in August 2019. We also observed a dramatic change in the composition of flavors sold: A large decline in mint-flavored pod sales was offset by a similar increase in menthol-flavored sales. Simultaneously, disposable product sales increased nearly ten-fold from July 2019 to July 2020 before stabilizing, dominated by fruit-flavored products. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest rapid product substitution without a long-term decline in e-cigarette sales in association with the enforcement action, along with a growing dominance of youth-friendly flavors, contrasting against FDA policy goals. Our study revealed the weakness of the "patchy" enforcement action, raising concern about its unintended consequences as consumption simply shifted to other e-cigarette products. IMPLICATIONS This is the first detailed longitudinal study on e-cigarette sales trends in the United States following the FDA flavor enforcement action, with novel findings on flavor trends and their relation to policy events. We report sales overall, by product type, and by flavor category, and highlight several important trends following the action, such as the rise and persistence of disposable e-cigarettes increasingly and overwhelmingly dominated by youth-friendly flavors, and likely substitution of prefilled e-cigarette flavors without any long-term decline in sales. Our results highlight the weaknesses of "patchy" regulation and suggest the need for a more comprehensive approach to flavor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Borowiecki
- Department of Public Health, NORC At The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- Department of Public Health, NORC At The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Department of Public Health, NORC At The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Feng M, Binns S, Emery S. Exploring #MentholBan on TikTok: a Thematic and Semantic Network Analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae036. [PMID: 38381598 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In April 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced its intention to ban the sale of menthol cigarettes and cigars. Decades of research support the premise a menthol ban will reduce initiation and disparities in tobacco-related disease among menthol smokers. The tobacco industry opposed such a policy and worked for decades to shape public opposition. Social media discourse can inform our understanding of public opinion about the proposed ban and guide communication strategies and policy implementation. METHODS This research employed a mixed-methods design to explore TikTok posts discussing the announced menthol ban. Using a TikTok web scraper to extract all content in the #mentholban hashtag (n=171), we coded for 11 themes, characterized content with descriptive statistics, and created a semantic network of co-occurring hashtags. RESULTS We found primarily negative attitudes towards the US ban announcement and a large volume of menthol "hacks" to circumvent the bans. Our semantic network analysis revealed strong co-occurrences between #mentholban and popularity-seeking hashtags. The metadata associated with each TikTok demonstrated that most posters in #mentholban are not "influencers" in the sense of having many followers, aside from a few niche organizations with multiple posts. We found that perceived political and racial motivations shaped posters' assessments of the menthol ban. Furthermore, we uncovered how individuals and organizational actors shaped menthol ban content on TikTok. CONCLUSION Our study indicates targeted marketing from alternative menthol product companies and advocacy organizations. The latter of these organizations is more likely to saturate the TikTok landscape with multiple posts and strategic hashtags. IMPLICATIONS This study pursued an exploration of tobacco policy discussion on TikTok, specifically related to the FDA proposed menthol ban. TikTok is newer platform and our study provides early evidence of policy discussion emerging there, including the types of accounts creating the content and their valence toward the policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Feng
- Social Data Collaboratory, Public Health, NORC at the University of Chicago
| | - Steven Binns
- Social Data Collaboratory, Public Health, NORC at the University of Chicago
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, Public Health, NORC at the University of Chicago
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Kostygina G, Kim Y, Gebhardt Z, Tran H, Norris A, Page S, Borowiecki M, Rose SW, Emery S. Using Exogenous Social Media Exposure Measures to Assess the Effects of Smokeless Tobacco-Related Social Media Content on Smokeless Tobacco Sales in the United States. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:S49-S56. [PMID: 38366341 PMCID: PMC10873503 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prior research on the effects of social media promotion of tobacco products has predominantly relied on survey-based self-report measures of marketing exposure, which potentially introduce endogeneity, recall, and selection biases. New approaches can enhance measurement and help better understand the effects of exposure to tobacco-related messages in a dynamic social media marketing environment. We used geolocation-specific tweet rate as an exogenous indicator of exposure to smokeless tobacco (ST)-related content and employed this measure to examine the influence of social media marketing on ST sales. AIMS AND METHODS Autoregressive error models were used to analyze the association between the ST-relevant tweet rate (aggregated by 4-week period from February 12, 2017 to June 26, 2021 and scaled by population density) and logarithmic ST unit sales across time by product type (newer, snus, conventional) in the United States, accounting for autocorrelated errors. Interrupted time series approach was used to control for policy change effects. RESULTS ST product category-related tweet rates were associated with ST unit sales of newer and conventional products, controlling for price, relevant policy events, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. On average, 100-unit increase in the number of newer ST-related tweets was associated with 14% increase in unit sales (RR = 1.14; p = .01); 100-unit increase in conventional ST tweets was associated with ~1% increase in unit sales (p = .04). Average price was negatively associated with the unit sales. CONCLUSIONS Study findings reveal that ST social media tweet rate was related to increased ST consumption and illustrate the utility of exogenous measures in conceptualizing and assessing effects in the complex media environment. IMPLICATIONS Tobacco control initiatives should include efforts to monitor the role of social media in promoting tobacco use. Surveillance of social media platforms is critical to monitor emerging tobacco product-related marketing strategies and promotional content reach. Exogenous measures of potential exposure to social media messages can supplement survey data to study media effects on tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Kostygina
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zachary Gebhardt
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hy Tran
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew Norris
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Simon Page
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mateusz Borowiecki
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shyanika W Rose
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kreslake JM, Mills S, Liu M, Diaz MC, Kostygina G, Emery S, Hair EC. Youth and Young Adult Blunt Use Predicts Progression to Other Nicotine Product Use in the United States. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:263-268. [PMID: 37881835 PMCID: PMC10766086 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2269561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little cigars or cigarillos (LCCs) are frequently modified to smoke cannabis ("blunts") by youth and young adults. This study investigated whether young blunt users who are otherwise nicotine-naïve are more likely to initiate other tobacco products compared to never blunt users. METHODS AND MATERIALS Data were from four waves of the Truth Longitudinal Cohort (TLC), a national probability-based sample of youth and young adults (aged 15-24 years) in the United States (Wave 1: January-April 2017; Wave 2: February-May 2018; Wave 3: February-May 2019; Wave 4: September-December 2019). The sample was restricted to nicotine naïve respondents at Wave 1 with possible ever use of blunts (N = 5,284). Logistic regression analyses tested whether ever blunt use at Wave 1 predicted initiation of nicotine products by Wave 4, controlling for established risk factors. RESULTS Compared to never-blunt users, ever users of blunts at Wave 1 had significantly higher odds of ever using cigars (OR: 4.74; 95% CI: 1.80-12.47; p = 0.002), e-cigarettes (OR: 4.66; 95% CI: 2.42-8.95; p < 0.001), cigarettes (OR: 3.02; 95% CI: 1.17-7.84, p = 0.023), or hookah (OR: 3.47; 95% CI: 1.07-11.29, p = 0.039) by Wave 4. Cannabis (never blunt) use by Wave 1 predicted ever use of e-cigarettes (OR: 3.45, 95% CI: 2.38-5.02, p < 0.001), cigarettes (OR: 3.81; 95% CI: 2.26-6.43, p < 0.001), or hookah (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.12-4.05, p = 0.021) by Wave 4. DISCUSSION Blunts are a point of nicotine initiation that places users at increased risk of progression to cigars, while the same relationship was not found for cannabis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Mills
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Liu
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Megan C Diaz
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Li Y, Lin DX, Middleton S, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Meadows BT, Sokoloff MD, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Gaz A, Margoni M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Kim P, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Tasneem N, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Miller C, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Wu SL. Search for Evidence of Baryogenesis and Dark Matter in B^{+}→ψ_{D}+p Decays at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:201801. [PMID: 38039482 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.201801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
A new dark sector antibaryon, denoted ψ_{D}, could be produced in decays of B mesons. This Letter presents a search for B^{+}→ψ_{D}+p (and the charge conjugate) decays in e^{+}e^{-} annihilations at 10.58 GeV, using data collected in the BABAR experiment. Data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 398 fb^{-1} are analyzed. No evidence for a signal is observed. Branching fraction upper limits in the range from 10^{-7}-10^{-5} are obtained at 90% confidence level for masses of 1.0
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Kostygina G, Kim Y, Seeskin Z, LeClere F, Emery S. Disclosure Standards for Social Media and Generative Artificial Intelligence Research: Toward Transparency and Replicability. Soc Media Soc 2023; 9:10.1177/20563051231216947. [PMID: 38239338 PMCID: PMC10795517 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231216947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Social media dominate today's information ecosystem and provide valuable information for social research. Market researchers, social scientists, policymakers, government entities, public health researchers, and practitioners recognize the potential for social data to inspire innovation, support products and services, characterize public opinion, and guide decisions. The appeal of mining these rich datasets is clear. However, there is potential risk of data misuse, underscoring an equally huge and fundamental flaw in the research: there are no procedural standards and little transparency. Transparency across the processes of collecting and analyzing social media data is often limited due to proprietary algorithms. Spurious findings and biases introduced by artificial intelligence (AI) demonstrate the challenges this lack of transparency poses for research. Social media research remains a virtual "wild west," with no clear standards for reporting regarding data retrieval, preprocessing steps, analytic methods, or interpretation. Use of emerging generative AI technologies to augment social media analytics can undermine validity and replicability of findings, potentially turning this research into a "black box" enterprise. Clear guidance for social media analyses and reporting is needed to assure the quality of the resulting research. In this article, we propose criteria for evaluating the quality of studies using social media data, grounded in established scientific practice. We offer clear documentation guidelines to ensure that social data are used properly and transparently in research and applications. A checklist of disclosure elements to meet minimal reporting standards is proposed. These criteria will make it possible for scholars and practitioners to assess the quality, credibility, and comparability of research findings using digital data.
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Sung J, Shrestha SS, Kim Y, Emery S, Wang X. Changes in Sales of Tobacco and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prev Chronic Dis 2023; 20:E71. [PMID: 37590902 PMCID: PMC10457104 DOI: 10.5888/pcd20.220406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated social distancing policies such as lockdowns and quarantine influenced people's lives and health behaviors. We comprehensively assessed national trends in sales of cigarettes, cigars, e-cigarettes, and over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products before and during the pandemic, allowing for cross-product comparisons. Stockpiling behavior was also assessed. METHODS We used US national tobacco and over-the-counter NRT retail store scanner data (excluding internet, specialty/vape store, and prescription sales) collected at 4-week intervals by NielsenIQ from December 2018 to June 2021. We applied an interrupted time-series model to assess differences in tobacco product and NRT unit sales before and during the pandemic. We defined the prepandemic period as December 16, 2018, through April 4, 2020, pandemic as starting on April 5, 2020, through June 26, 2021, and the stockpiling period as one 4-week period before the pandemic started. RESULTS Four-week cigarette, e-cigarette, and cigar unit sales on average increased by 11.5% (P = .006), 37.1% (P < .001), and 26.1% (P < .001) respectively, while 4-week NRT unit sales decreased on average by 13.1% (P < .001), during the pandemic compared with the prepandemic period. Stockpiling was associated with increases in sales of all tobacco products and NRT products. CONCLUSION Unit sales of assessed tobacco products increased while NRT unit sales decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the prepandemic period. These changes may suggest an increase in the intensity of tobacco product use or stockpiling of tobacco products among people who use tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesang Sung
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sundar S Shrestha
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S107-7, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Wang X, Ghimire R, Shrestha SS, Borowiecki M, Emery S, Trivers KF. Trends in Nicotine Strength in Electronic Cigarettes Sold in the United States by Flavor, Product Type, and Manufacturer, 2017-2022. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1355-1360. [PMID: 36929029 PMCID: PMC10461184 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most e-cigarettes contain highly addictive nicotine. This study assessed trends in nicotine strength in e-cigarettes sold in the United States during January 2017-March 2022. AIMS AND METHODS We obtained January 2017-March 2022 national retail e-cigarette sales data from NielsenIQ. We assessed monthly average nicotine strength overall, by e-cigarette product and flavor type, and manufacturer. A Joinpoint regression model assessed the magnitude and significance of changes in nicotine strength. RESULTS During January 2017-March 2022, monthly average nicotine strength of e-cigarette products increased from 2.5% to 4.4%, an average of 0.8% per month (p < .001). Monthly average nicotine strength of disposable e-cigarettes increased the most (average monthly percentage change [AMPC] = 1.26%, p < .001) as compared to prefilled pods (AMPC = 0.6%, p < .001) and e-liquids (AMPC = 0.5%, p = .218). Monthly average nicotine strength for all flavors of e-cigarette products increased except for mint-flavored products. Increases were greatest for beverage-flavored products (AMPC = 2.1%, p < .001), followed by menthol-flavored products (AMPC = 1.2%, p < .001). Among the top 10 e-cigarette manufacturers assessed, monthly average nicotine strength decreased for Juul Labs products from 5% to 4.7% (AMPC = -0.1%, p < .001) but increased significantly for five manufacturers' products and remained unchanged at 5%-6% for four manufacturers' products. CONCLUSIONS Monthly average nicotine strength of e-cigarette products increased overall, for most product and flavor types, and for some manufacturers in the United States during the study period. Imposing maximum limits on nicotine strength of e-cigarettes together with other evidence-based tobacco control strategies can help reduce the use of e-cigarettes among youth and increase tobacco product cessation among adults. IMPLICATIONS From January 2017 to March 2022, the monthly average nicotine strength of disposable e-cigarettes increased substantially and exceeded prefilled pods since May 2020. E-cigarettes with menthol flavor and youth-appealing flavors, like fruit, also had sharp increases in monthly average nicotine strength. Among the top 10 e-cigarette manufacturers, monthly average nicotine strength increased or remained unchanged at a high nicotine level for all manufacturers' products, except Juul Lab's products. Comprehensive strategies including restricting sales of all flavored e-cigarettes, restricting youth tobacco product access, and imposing maximum limits on nicotine strength may help reduce youth e-cigarette use and increase tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ramesh Ghimire
- Chenega Enterprise Systems and Solutions, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sundar S. Shrestha
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mateusz Borowiecki
- Department of Public Health, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Department of Public Health, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katrina F. Trivers
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Wang X, Kim Y, Trivers KF, Tynan MA, Shrestha SS, Emery S, Borowiecki M, Hacker K. Changes in Sales of E-Cigarettes, Cigarettes, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Products Before, During, and After the EVALI Outbreak. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E86. [PMID: 36520998 PMCID: PMC9809386 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.220087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2019, an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) occurred in the US. We used Nielsen retail sales data to assess trends in sales of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products before, during, and after the EVALI outbreak. METHODS Monthly unit sales of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and NRT products overall and by product type were assessed during January 2019 through June 2020 by using an interrupted time series model. Two time points were specified at the period ending July 13, 2019, and the period ending February 22, 2020, to partition before, during, and after the outbreak period. Sales trends by aggregated state-level EVALI case prevalence (low, medium, and high) were assessed to investigate interstate variations in changes of sales coinciding with the EVALI outbreak. RESULTS Monthly e-cigarette sales increased 3.5% (P < .001) before the outbreak and decreased 3.1% (P < .001) during the outbreak, with no significant changes after the outbreak. Monthly cigarette sales increased 1.6% (P < .001) before the outbreak, decreased 1.8% (P < .001) during the outbreak, and increased 2.7% (P < .001) after the outbreak. NRT sales did not change significantly before or during the outbreak but decreased (2.8%, P = .01) after the outbreak. Sales trends by state-level EVALI case prevalence were similar to national-level sales trends. CONCLUSION Cigarette and e-cigarette sales decreased during the EVALI outbreak, but no changes in overall NRT sales were observed until after the outbreak. Continued monitoring of tobacco sales data can provide insight into potential changes in use patterns and inform tobacco prevention and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- Public Health, National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Katrina F. Trivers
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Michael A. Tynan
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sundar S. Shrestha
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherry Emery
- Public Health, National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mateusz Borowiecki
- Public Health, National Opinion Research Center (NORC) at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karen Hacker
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Telesnitsky A, Atindaana E, Gopal K, Emery S, Kidd J, Telesnitsky A. PP 3.5 – 00110 The proviral quasispecies of HIV-1. J Virus Erad 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Slocum E, Xie Y, Colston DC, Emery S, Patrick ME, Thrasher JF, Elliott MR, Fleischer NL. Impact of the Tips From Former Smokers Anti-Smoking Media Campaign on Youth Smoking Behaviors and Anti-Tobacco Attitudes. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1927-1936. [PMID: 35749779 PMCID: PMC9653086 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti-tobacco media campaigns can prevent youth smoking, but there is little research on how adult-targeted campaigns affect youth. We investigated the association between the Tips From Former Smokers (Tips) campaign and youth smoking behaviors and anti-tobacco attitudes, and variation by sex, race and/or ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. AIMS AND METHODS We used data from the monitoring of the future study, a nationally representative survey on 8th, 10th, and 12th graders, from 2013-2015. Quartiles of Tips gross rating points (GRPs) were used to estimate exposure. Youth smoking behavior outcomes included smoking prevalence, initiation, and susceptibility. The anti-tobacco attitude outcomes included the extent that anti-tobacco ads made participants (1) less favorable towards smoking or (2) less likely to smoke cigarettes. Modified Poisson regression models estimated average marginal effects; separate additive interactions between Tips GRP exposure and sex, race and/or ethnicity, parents' highest education, and college plans (12th graders only) were used to test for effect modification. RESULTS Tips GRPs were not associated with smoking behaviors within any grade. However, 12th graders in the highest quartile of Tips had a 7.0 percentage point higher probability (95% CI = 0.023-0.116) of responding that anti-tobacco ads made them less likely to smoke. Tips GRPs were associated with a lower probability of past 30-day smoking prevalence among 10th grade females, but not males (joint P-value = .002). No additional statistically significant interactions were found for any other outcomes for any grade. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the potential for adult-targeted campaigns to increase youth's anti-smoking attitudes, but campaign exposure was not associated with smoking behaviors. IMPLICATIONS Few studies have examined the potential for anti-smoking media campaigns to influence audiences outside their targeted audience. In this study, we show the potential for adult-targeted campaigns to impact youth and suggest that Tips exposure may promote anti-smoking attitudes among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Slocum
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanmei Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David C Colston
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Washington Heights Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Kostygina G, Tran H, Kim Y, Czaplicki L, Kierstead E, Kreslake J, Emery S, Schillo B. Heating Up: How Early Twitter Marketing Gave Rise to Organic Word-of-Mouth About Heated Tobacco Products. Soc Media Soc 2022; 8:10.1177/20563051221141851. [PMID: 36908750 PMCID: PMC9997422 DOI: 10.1177/20563051221141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Social media are an important marketing platform for emerging tobacco products. Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have been introduced in a limited number of local test markets in the United States as potentially reduced-exposure tobacco products. HTPs can be used to heat tobacco as well as marijuana. However, due to growing digital media promotion of these products, it is possible that public knowledge and purchasing opportunities extend beyond test markets. Research on HTP social media promotion is sparse. The objective of the present study is to assess the amount and characterize the content of HTP-related messages on Twitter. We used keyword rules to collect HTP-related posts from the Twitter Historical Powertrack from 1 August 2016 to 31 July 2021. Posts were coded for type (organic, commercial), promotional strategies (e.g., discounts, event promotion), and marijuana co-use mentions using a combination of machine learning methods and human coding. Keyword filters captured 121,012 relevant tweets posted over the period of data collection, with 46,013 (38.02%) tweets featuring commercial content. Findings revealed that there was a two-fold increase in the monthly volume of messages from August 2016 to July 2021. The proportion of organic tweets increased from 29% of all tweets in August 2016 to 73.5% in July 2021. Approximately 20.6% of tweets included mentions of marijuana, and 5,243 posts (4.3%) contained links to online retailers. Promotional tweets featured event promotion, discounts, reduced harm appeals, and fashion appeals. Tobacco control and substance use prevention initiatives should include efforts to monitor the role of social media in promoting organic word-of-mouth and normalizing novel tobacco products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hy Tran
- NORC at the University of Chicago, USA
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Abud AA, Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adames MR, Adamov G, Adamowski M, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Aduszkiewicz A, Aguilar J, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Aimard B, Ali-Mohammadzadeh B, Alion T, Allison K, Monsalve SA, AlRashed M, Alt C, Alton A, Alvarez R, Amedo P, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andreotti M, Andrews M, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Anfimov N, Ankowski A, Antoniassi M, Antonova M, Antoshkin A, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Arellano L, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Asquith L, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Lara VA, Ayala-Torres M, Azfar F, Back A, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Bagaturia I, Bagby L, Balashov N, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Baller B, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Alzas PB, Barker G, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros A, Barros N, Barrow JL, Basharina-Freshville A, Bashyal A, Basque V, Batchelor C, Chagas EBD, Battat JBR, Battisti F, Bay F, Bazetto MCQ, Alba JLLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Beigbeder C, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Benekos N, Montiel CB, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Bersani A, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Rodríguez AB, Bevan A, Bezawada Y, Bezerra TJC, Bhardwaj A, Bhatnagar V, Bhattacharjee M, Bhattarai D, Bhuller S, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Blaszczyk F, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bomben L, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonilla-Diaz C, Bonini F, Booth A, Boran F, Bordoni S, Borkum A, Bostan N, Bour P, Bourgeois C, Boyden D, Bracinik J, Braga D, Brailsford D, Branca A, Brandt A, Bremer J, Breton D, Brew C, Brice SJ, Brizzolari C, Bromberg C, Brooke J, Bross A, Brunetti G, Brunetti M, Buchanan N, Budd H, Butorov I, Cagnoli I, Cai T, Caiulo D, Calabrese R, Calafiura P, Calcutt J, Calin M, Calvez S, Calvo E, Caminata A, Campanelli M, Caratelli D, Carber D, Carceller JC, Carini G, Carlus B, Carneiro MF, Carniti P, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Carroll T, Forero JFC, Castillo A, Castromonte C, Catano-Mur E, Cattadori C, Cavalier F, Cavallaro G, Cavanna F, Centro S, Cerati G, Cervelli A, Villanueva AC, Chalifour M, Chappell A, Chardonnet E, Charitonidis N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Neyra MSSC, Chen H, Chen M, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chen-Wishart Z, Cheon Y, Cherdack D, Chi C, Childress S, Chirco R, Chiriacescu A, Chisnall G, Cho K, Choate S, Chokheli D, Chong PS, Christensen A, Christian D, Christodoulou G, Chukanov A, Chung M, Church E, Cicero V, Clarke P, Cline G, Coan TE, Cocco AG, Coelho JAB, Colton N, Conley E, Conley R, Conrad J, Convery M, Copello S, Cova P, Cremaldi L, Cremonesi L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Crisler M, Cristaldo E, Crnkovic J, Cross R, Cudd A, Cuesta C, Cui Y, Cussans D, Dalager O, da Motta H, Da Silva Peres L, David C, David Q, Davies GS, Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De S, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, De Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, Delmonte N, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch GW, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Souza G, Devi R, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Domizio SD, Giulio LD, Ding P, Noto LD, Dirkx G, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Doering D, Dolan S, Dolek F, Dolinski M, Domine L, Donon Y, Douglas D, Douillet D, Dragone A, Drake G, Drielsma F, Duarte L, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Dutta B, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer D, Dyshkant A, Eads M, Earle A, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emberger L, Emery S, Englezos P, Ereditato A, Erjavec T, Escobar C, Eurin G, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Fani’ M, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Fedoseev D, Felix J, Feng Y, Fernandez-Martinez E, Menendez PF, Morales MF, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filip P, Filthaut F, Fiorini M, Fischer V, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fogarty S, Foreman W, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Robayo FF, Fuess S, Furic IK, Furman K, Furmanski AP, Gabrielli A, Gago A, Gallagher H, Gallas A, Gallego-Ros A, Gallice N, Galymov V, Gamberini E, Gamble T, Ganacim F, Gandhi R, Gandrajula R, Gao F, Gao S, Garcia-Gamez D, García-Peris MÁ, Gardiner S, Gastler D, Gauvreau J, Ge G, Geffroy N, Gelli B, Gendotti A, Gent S, Ghorbani-Moghaddam Z, Giammaria P, Giammaria T, Giangiacomi N, Gibin D, Gil-Botella I, Gilligan S, Girerd C, Giri AK, Gnani D, Gogota O, Gold M, Gollapinni S, Gollwitzer K, Gomes RA, Bermeo LVG, Fajardo LSG, Gonnella F, Gonzalez-Diaz D, Gonzalez-Lopez M, Goodman MC, Goodwin O, Goswami S, Gotti C, Goudzovski E, Grace C, Gran R, Granados E, Granger P, Grant A, Grant C, Gratieri D, Green P, Greenler L, Greer J, Grenard J, Griffith WC, Groh M, Grudzinski J, Grzelak K, Gu W, Guardincerri E, Guarino V, Guarise M, Guenette R, Guerard E, Guerzoni M, Guffanti D, Guglielmi A, Guo B, Gupta A, Gupta V, Guthikonda KK, Gutierrez R, Guzowski P, Guzzo MM, Gwon S, Ha C, Haaf K, Habig A, Hadavand H, Haenni R, Hahn A, Haiston J, Hamacher-Baumann P, Hamernik T, Hamilton P, Han J, Harris DA, Hartnell J, Hartnett T, Harton J, Hasegawa T, Hasnip C, Hatcher R, Hatfield KW, Hatzikoutelis A, Hayes C, Hayrapetyan K, Hays J, Hazen E, He M, Heavey A, Heeger KM, Heise J, Henry S, Morquecho MAH, Herner K, Hewes J, Hilgenberg C, Hill T, Hillier SJ, Himmel A, Hinkle E, Hirsch LR, Ho J, Hoff J, Holin A, Hoppe E, Horton-Smith GA, Hostert M, Hourlier A, Howard B, Howell R, Hoyos J, Hristova I, Hronek MS, Huang J, Hulcher Z, Iles G, Ilic N, Iliescu AM, Illingworth R, Ingratta G, Ioannisian A, Irwin B, Isenhower L, Itay R, Jackson CM, Jain V, James E, Jang W, Jargowsky B, Jediny F, Jena D, Jeong YS, Jesús-Valls C, Ji X, Jiang L, Jiménez S, Jipa A, Johnson R, Johnson W, Johnston N, Jones B, Jones S, Judah M, Jung CK, Junk T, Jwa Y, Kabirnezhad M, Kaboth A, Kadenko I, Kakorin I, Kalitkina A, Kalra D, Kamiya F, Kaneshige N, Kaplan DM, Karagiorgi G, Karaman G, Karcher A, Karolak M, Karyotakis Y, Kasai S, Kasetti SP, Kashur L, Kazaryan N, Kearns E, Keener P, Kelly KJ, Kemp E, Kemularia O, Ketchum W, Kettell SH, Khabibullin M, Khotjantsev A, Khvedelidze A, Kim D, King B, Kirby B, Kirby M, Klein J, Klustova A, Kobilarcik T, Koehler K, Koerner LW, Koh DH, Kohn S, Koller PP, Kolupaeva L, Korablev D, Kordosky M, Kosc T, Kose U, Kostelecký VA, Kothekar K, Kralik R, Kreczko L, Krennrich F, Kreslo I, Kropp W, Kroupova T, Kubota S, Kudenko Y, Kudryavtsev VA, Kulagin S, Kumar J, Kumar P, Kunze P, Kurita N, Kuruppu C, Kus V, Kutter T, Kvasnicka J, Kwak D, Lambert A, Land B, Lane CE, Lang K, Langford T, Langstaff M, Larkin J, Lasorak P, Last D, Laundrie A, Laurenti G, Lawrence A, Lazanu I, LaZur R, Lazzaroni M, Le T, Leardini S, Learned J, LeBrun P, LeCompte T, Lee C, Lee SY, Miotto GL, Lehnert R, de Oliveira MAL, Leitner M, Lepin LM, Li SW, Li Y, Liao H, Lin CS, Lin Q, Lin S, Lineros RA, Ling J, Lister A, Littlejohn BR, Liu J, Liu Y, Lockwitz S, Loew T, Lokajicek M, Lomidze I, Long K, Lord T, LoSecco JM, Louis WC, Lu XG, Luk KB, Lunday B, Luo X, Luppi E, Lux T, Luzio VP, Maalmi J, MacFarlane D, Machado AA, Machado P, Macias CT, Macier JR, Maddalena A, Madera A, Madigan P, Magill S, Mahn K, Maio A, Major A, Maloney JA, Mandrioli G, Mandujano RC, Maneira J, Manenti L, Manly S, Mann A, Manolopoulos K, Plata MM, Manyam VN, Manzanillas L, Marchan M, Marchionni A, Marciano W, Marfatia D, Mariani C, Maricic J, Marie R, Marinho F, Marino AD, Marsden D, Marshak M, Marshall C, Marshall J, Marteau J, Martín-Albo J, Martinez N, Caicedo DAM, Miravé PM, Martynenko S, Mascagna V, Mason K, Mastbaum A, Matichard F, Matsuno S, Matthews J, Mauger C, Mauri N, Mavrokoridis K, Mawby I, Mazza R, Mazzacane A, Mazzucato E, McAskill T, McCluskey E, McConkey N, McFarland KS, McGrew C, McNab A, Mefodiev A, Mehta P, Melas P, Mena O, Mendez H, Mendez P, Méndez DP, Menegolli A, Meng G, Messier MD, Metcalf W, Mettler T, Mewes M, Meyer H, Miao T, Michna G, Miedema T, Mikola V, Milincic R, Miller G, Miller W, Mills J, Mineev O, Minotti A, Miranda OG, Miryala S, Mishra CS, Mishra SR, Mislivec A, Mitchell M, Mladenov D, Mocioiu I, Moffat K, Moggi N, Mohanta R, Mohayai TA, Mokhov N, Molina J, Bueno LM, Montagna E, Montanari A, Montanari C, Montanari D, Zetina LMM, Moon SH, Mooney M, Moor AF, Moreno D, Moretti D, Morris C, Mossey C, Mote M, Motuk E, Moura CA, Mousseau J, Mouster G, Mu W, Mualem L, Mueller J, Muether M, Mufson S, Muheim F, Muir A, Mulhearn M, Munford D, Muramatsu H, Murphy S, Musser J, Nachtman J, Nagu S, Nalbandyan M, Nandakumar R, Naples D, Narita S, Nath A, Navrer-Agasson A, Nayak N, Nebot-Guinot M, Negishi K, Nelson JK, Nesbit J, Nessi M, Newbold D, Newcomer M, Newton H, Nichol R, Nicolas-Arnaldos F, Nikolica A, Niner E, Nishimura K, Norman A, Norrick A, Northrop R, Novella P, Nowak JA, Oberling M, Ochoa-Ricoux J, Olivier A, Olshevskiy A, Onel Y, Onishchuk Y, Ott J, Pagani L, Palacio G, Palamara O, Palestini S, Paley JM, Pallavicini M, Palomares C, Vazquez WP, Pantic E, Paolone V, Papadimitriou V, Papaleo R, Papanestis A, Paramesvaran S, Parke S, Parozzi E, Parsa Z, Parvu M, Pascoli S, Pasqualini L, Pasternak J, Pater J, Patrick C, Patrizii L, Patterson RB, Patton SJ, Patzak T, Paudel A, Paulos B, Paulucci L, Pavlovic Z, Pawloski G, Payne D, Pec V, Peeters SJM, Perez AP, Pennacchio E, Penzo A, Peres OLG, Perry J, Pershey D, Pessina G, Petrillo G, Petta C, Petti R, Pia V, Piastra F, Pickering L, Pietropaolo F, Pimentel VL, Pinaroli G, Plows K, Plunkett R, Poling R, Pompa F, Pons X, Poonthottathil N, Poppi F, Pordes S, Porter J, Potekhin M, Potenza R, Potukuchi BVKS, Pozimski J, Pozzato M, Prakash S, Prakash T, Prest M, Prince S, Psihas F, Pugnere D, Qian X, Raaf JL, Radeka V, Rademacker J, Radics B, Rafique A, Raguzin E, Rai M, Rajaoalisoa M, Rakhno I, Rakotonandrasana A, Rakotondravohitra L, Rameika R, Delgado MAR, Ramson B, Rappoldi A, Raselli G, Ratoff P, Raut S, Razakamiandra RF, Rea EM, Real JS, Rebel B, Rechenmacher R, Reggiani-Guzzo M, Reichenbacher J, Reitzner SD, Sfar HR, Renshaw A, Rescia S, Resnati F, Ribas M, Riboldi S, Riccio C, Riccobene G, Rice LCJ, Ricol JS, Rigamonti A, Rigaut Y, Rincón EV, Ritchie-Yates H, Rivera D, Robert A, Rochester L, Roda M, Rodrigues P, Alonso MJR, Bonilla ER, Rondon JR, Rosauro-Alcaraz S, Rosenberg M, Rosier P, Roskovec B, Rossella M, Rossi M, Rout J, Roy P, Rubbia A, Rubbia C, Russell B, Ruterbories D, Rybnikov A, Saa-Hernandez A, Saakyan R, Sacerdoti S, Safford T, Sahu N, Sakashita K, Sala P, Samios N, Samoylov O, Sanchez MC, Sandberg V, Sanders DA, Sankey D, Santana S, Santos-Maldonado M, Saoulidou N, Sapienza P, Sarasty C, Sarcevic I, Savage G, Savinov V, Scaramelli A, Scarff A, Scarpelli A, Schefke T, Schellman H, Schifano S, Schlabach P, Schmitz D, Schneider AW, Scholberg K, Schukraft A, Segreto E, Selyunin A, Senise CR, Sensenig J, Sergi A, Sgalaberna D, Shaevitz MH, Shafaq S, Shaker F, Shamma M, Sharankova R, Sharma HR, Sharma R, Sharma RK, Shaw T, Shchablo K, Shepherd-Themistocleous C, Sheshukov A, Shin S, Shoemaker I, Shooltz D, Shrock R, Siegel H, Simard L, Sinclair J, Sinev G, Singh J, Singh J, Singh L, Singh P, Singh V, Sipos R, Sippach FW, Sirri G, Sitraka A, Siyeon K, Skarpaas K, Smith A, Smith E, Smith P, Smolik J, Smy M, Snider E, Snopok P, Snowden-Ifft D, Nunes MS, Sobel H, Soderberg M, Sokolov S, Salinas CJS, Söldner-Rembold S, Soleti SR, Solomey N, Solovov V, Sondheim WE, Sorel M, Sotnikov A, Soto-Oton J, Ugaldi FAS, Sousa A, Soustruznik K, Spagliardi F, Spanu M, Spitz J, Spooner NJC, Spurgeon K, Stancari M, Stanco L, Stanford C, Stein R, Steiner HM, Lisbôa AFS, Stewart J, Stillwell B, Stock J, Stocker F, Stokes T, Strait M, Strauss T, Strigari L, Stuart A, Suarez JG, Sunción JMS, Sullivan H, Summers D, Surdo A, Susic V, Suter L, Sutera CM, Svoboda R, Szczerbinska B, Szelc AM, Tanaka H, Tang S, Tapia A, Oregui BT, Tapper A, Tariq S, Tarpara E, Tata N, Tatar E, Tayloe R, Teklu AM, Tennessen P, Tenti M, Terao K, Ternes CA, Terranova F, Testera G, Thakore T, Thea A, Thompson JL, Thorn C, Timm SC, Tishchenko V, Tomassetti L, Tonazzo A, Torbunov D, Torti M, Tortola M, Tortorici F, Tosi N, Totani D, Toups M, Touramanis C, Travaglini R, Trevor J, Trilov S, Trzaska WH, Tsai Y, Tsai YT, Tsamalaidze Z, Tsang KV, Tsverava N, Tufanli S, Tull C, Tyley E, Tzanov M, Uboldi L, Uchida MA, Urheim J, Usher T, Uzunyan S, Vagins MR, Vahle P, Valder S, Valdiviesso GDA, Valencia E, Valentim R, Vallari Z, Vallazza E, Valle JWF, Vallecorsa S, Berg RV, de Water RGV, Forero DV, Vannerom D, Varanini F, Oliva DV, Varner G, Vasel J, Vasina S, Vasseur G, Vaughan N, Vaziri K, Ventura S, Verdugo A, Vergani S, Vermeulen MA, Verzocchi M, Vicenzi M, de Souza HV, Vignoli C, Vilela C, Viren B, Vrba T, Wachala T, Waldron AV, Wallbank M, Wallis C, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang MHLS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Warburton K, Warner D, Wascko MO, Waters D, Watson A, Wawrowska K, Weatherly P, Weber A, Weber M, Wei H, Weinstein A, Wenman D, Wetstein M, White A, Whitehead LH, Whittington D, Wilking MJ, Wilkinson A, Wilkinson C, Williams Z, Wilson F, Wilson RJ, Wisniewski W, Wolcott J, Wongjirad T, Wood A, Wood K, Worcester E, Worcester M, Wresilo K, Wret C, Wu W, Wu W, Xiao Y, Xie F, Yaeggy B, Yandel E, Yang G, Yang K, Yang T, Yankelevich A, Yershov N, Yonehara K, Yoon YS, Young T, Yu B, Yu H, Yu H, Yu J, Yu Y, Yuan W, Zaki R, Zalesak J, Zambelli L, Zamorano B, Zani A, Zazueta L, Zeller GP, Zennamo J, Zeug K, Zhang C, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Zhivun E, Zhu G, Zimmerman ED, Zucchelli S, Zuklin J, Zutshi V, Zwaska R. Scintillation light detection in the 6-m drift-length ProtoDUNE Dual Phase liquid argon TPC. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2022; 82:618. [PMID: 35859696 PMCID: PMC9288420 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10549-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
DUNE is a dual-site experiment for long-baseline neutrino oscillation studies, neutrino astrophysics and nucleon decay searches. ProtoDUNE Dual Phase (DP) is a 6 × 6 × 6 m 3 liquid argon time-projection-chamber (LArTPC) that recorded cosmic-muon data at the CERN Neutrino Platform in 2019-2020 as a prototype of the DUNE Far Detector. Charged particles propagating through the LArTPC produce ionization and scintillation light. The scintillation light signal in these detectors can provide the trigger for non-beam events. In addition, it adds precise timing capabilities and improves the calorimetry measurements. In ProtoDUNE-DP, scintillation and electroluminescence light produced by cosmic muons in the LArTPC is collected by photomultiplier tubes placed up to 7 m away from the ionizing track. In this paper, the ProtoDUNE-DP photon detection system performance is evaluated with a particular focus on the different wavelength shifters, such as PEN and TPB, and the use of Xe-doped LAr, considering its future use in giant LArTPCs. The scintillation light production and propagation processes are analyzed and a comparison of simulation to data is performed, improving understanding of the liquid argon properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abed Abud
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - M. R. Adames
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M. Adamowski
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - J. Aguilar
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - B. Aimard
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Ali-Mohammadzadeh
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - K. Allison
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. AlRashed
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A. Alton
- Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197 USA
| | - R. Alvarez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Amedo
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Andreotti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - N. Anfimov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antoniassi
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Antoshkin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - L. Arellano
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - L. Asquith
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - M. Ayala-Torres
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - A. Back
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | | | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Balashov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Baller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - P. Barham Alzas
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - G. Barker
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - A. Barros
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Bashyal
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | | | | | | | - F. Bay
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
| | - M. C. Q. Bazetto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - C. Beigbeder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - A. Bersani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Bevan
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - A. Bhardwaj
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - V. Bhatnagar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh, U.T. 160014 India
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - D. Bhattarai
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Bhuller
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - F. Blaszczyk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - L. Bomben
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - F. Boran
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - C. Bourgeois
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Branca
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - I. Butorov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - I. Cagnoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - T. Cai
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - R. Calabrese
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Carber
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - T. Carroll
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, 11022 Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - E. Catano-Mur
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - G. Cavallaro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Cervera Villanueva
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Charitonidis
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | | | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z. Chen
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Y. Cheon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Chirco
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choate
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Chokheli
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - P. S. Chong
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Chukanov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Chung
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Cicero
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - G. Cline
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - J. A. B. Coelho
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - N. Colton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - R. Conley
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - J. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Copello
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - P. Cova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - L. Cremonesi
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Crisler
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - J. Crnkovic
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - A. Cudd
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - O. Dalager
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. De
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - N. Delmonte
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- University of Parma, 43121 Parma, PR Italy
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - G. De Souza
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - R. Devi
- University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006 India
| | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - G. Dirkx
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - D. Doering
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Dolan
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Dolek
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M. Dolinski
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Donon
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - D. Douillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Dragone
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Drake
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Duarte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - B. Dutta
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - A. Dyshkant
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - A. Earle
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Emberger
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- Max-Planck-Institut, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - P. Englezos
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | | | - T. Erjavec
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - C. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Eurin
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Fani’
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - C. Farnese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - D. Fedoseev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Y. Feng
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - P. Fernandez Menendez
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA
| | - P. Filip
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fiorini
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V. Fischer
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - S. Fogarty
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Foreman
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. K. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - K. Furman
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gabrielli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - F. Ganacim
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Gao
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - M. Á. García-Peris
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Gauvreau
- Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA 90041 USA
| | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - N. Geffroy
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - P. Giammaria
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Giammaria
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Gilligan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiania, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - P. Granger
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - J. Grenard
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Groh
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - M. Guarise
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - E. Guerard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Guerzoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Guffanti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Gupta
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - V. Gupta
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - C. Ha
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Haaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | | | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hartnett
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - J. Harton
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - C. Hasnip
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - C. Hayes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - J. Hays
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - M. He
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Hilgenberg
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hinkle
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - L. R. Hirsch
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - J. Ho
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Holin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - M. Hostert
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Hoyos
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | - I. Hristova
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. S. Hronek
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Z. Hulcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Ingratta
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - B. Irwin
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - L. Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX 79601 USA
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. M. Jackson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - V. Jain
- University of Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222 USA
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Jang
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - D. Jena
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Jeong
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - C. Jesús-Valls
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - W. Johnson
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - N. Johnston
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - M. Judah
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- Royal Holloway College, London, TW20 0EX UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - I. Kakorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - A. Kalitkina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Kalra
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - N. Kaneshige
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - D. M. Kaplan
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | - G. Karaman
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Klustova
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Kobilarcik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - D. H. Koh
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - L. Kolupaeva
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - D. Korablev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - M. Kordosky
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | - R. Kralik
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - L. Kreczko
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Kropp
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - T. Kroupova
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - S. Kubota
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. Kumar
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - P. Kunze
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - N. Kurita
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - J. Kvasnicka
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D. Kwak
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Land
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - M. Langstaff
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Larkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - G. Laurenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Lazzaroni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - S. Leardini
- Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias, A Coruña, Spain
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - T. LeCompte
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Lee
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Y. Lee
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - L. M. Lepin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Q. Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Ling
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Liu
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - X.-G. Lu
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - B. Lunday
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - E. Luppi
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Maalmi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D. MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - A. Madera
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Major
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - V. N. Manyam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Manzanillas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - M. Marchan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Marie
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - D. Marsden
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martín-Albo
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - P. Martínez Miravé
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - V. Mascagna
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- University of Insubria, Via Ravasi, 2, 21100 Varese, VA Italy
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - F. Matichard
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - I. Mawby
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | - P. Mendez
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. P. Méndez
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - T. Mettler
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V. Mikola
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - G. Miller
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Minotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Mitchell
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - L. Molina Bueno
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. Montagna
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montañno Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. H. Moon
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798 South Korea
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. F. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D. Moretti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Mote
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Mouster
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - D. Munford
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, Yerevan, 0036 Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - A. Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | | | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - J. K. Nelson
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Newton
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | | | - A. Nikolica
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Olshevskiy
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Y. Onishchuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601 Ukraine
| | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - G. Palacio
- Universidad EIA, Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Parozzi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Pascoli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - A. Pena Perez
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Pia
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - V. L. Pimentel
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia da Informacao Renato Archer, Amarais, Campinas, SP CEP 13069-901 Brazil
| | - G. Pinaroli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Plows
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - F. Pompa
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - F. Poppi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Porter
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Prest
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - F. Psihas
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Raut
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - E. M. Rea
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - R. Rechenmacher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - H. Rejeb Sfar
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - M. Ribas
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - S. Riboldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Riccio
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. S. Ricol
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - A. Rigamonti
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - D. Rivera
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - A. Robert
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Rosenberg
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - P. Rosier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B. Roskovec
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - M. Rossi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Roy
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - A. Rybnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - K. Sakashita
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Ibaraki, 305-0801 Japan
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - O. Samoylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | - V. Sandberg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schefke
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - S. Schifano
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - A. W. Schneider
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - A. Selyunin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - C. R. Senise
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - F. Shaker
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. K. Sharma
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Shchablo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - A. Sheshukov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonrabuk-do, 54896 South Korea
| | | | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - H. Siegel
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J. Sinclair
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - G. Sinev
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - L. Singh
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - P. Singh
- Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS UK
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - K. Skarpaas
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - E. Snider
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | | | | | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - S. Sokolov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | | | | | - S. R. Soleti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003 Lisboa, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - A. Sotnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - R. Stein
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Strigari
- Texas A &M University, College Station, 77840 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | | | | | - H. Sullivan
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A &M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - H. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Tapia
- University of Medellín, Medellín, 050026 Colombia
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tarpara
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - N. Tata
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - P. Tennessen
- Antalya Bilim University, 07190 Döşemealti/Antalya, Turkey
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - T. Thakore
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - L. Tomassetti
- University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Ferrara, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - D. Torbunov
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - N. Tosi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - D. Totani
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - R. Travaglini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - S. Trilov
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - Y. Tsai
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Uboldi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Uzunyan
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - S. Valder
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - E. Valencia
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - R. Valentim
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - E. Vallazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Física Corpuscular, CSIC and Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - D. Vannerom
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas Oliva
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE)-Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Vasina
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems 6 Joliot-Curie, Dubna, Moscow Region 141980 Russia
| | - G. Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N. Vaughan
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Vicenzi
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - H. Vieira de Souza
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - C. Wallis
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - L. Wang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - X. Wang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. O. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - K. Wawrowska
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - C. Wilkinson
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - W. Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | | | - A. Wood
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - K. Wood
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - K. Wresilo
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Xie
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - B. Yaeggy
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - E. Yandel
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Yang
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. S. Yoon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - Y. Yu
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - W. Yuan
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada & CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. Zhang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - Y. Zhang
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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14
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Kim Y, Vera L, Huang J, Emery S. Marijuana Content on Digital Media and Marijuana Use among Young People in the United States. Cannabis 2022; 5:74-84. [PMID: 36329905 PMCID: PMC9629662 DOI: 10.26828/cannabis/2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Health behavior theory establishes that exposure to media messages about a topic influences related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Marijuana-related messages proliferating on digital media likely affect attitudes and behavior about marijuana. Most research studying marijuana-related media effects on behavior relies on self-reported survey measures, which are subject to bias; people find it difficult to recall timing, frequency, and sources of messages. We calculated an exogenous measure of exposure to marijuana-related messages on digital media based on emerging public communication environment (PCE) theory. Aggregated online searches and social media posts related to marijuana for a given place reflect the marijuana-related PCE, where people are exposed to and engage with messages from multiple sources. Exogenous measures overcome bias in self-reported exposure and outcome data: simultaneity bias and endogeneity. The PCE reflects both potential exposure and relative importance of the topic in the local community, which may influence real-world marijuana use. Using 2017 Twitter and Google Search data, we measured the marijuana-related PCE to quantify where opportunities for exposure to marijuana-related posts were high and examined relationships between potential exposure and current marijuana use among youth and young adults in 2018. We found that marijuana-related online search and tweeting at the media market level are associated with offline marijuana use, controlling for demographics and state marijuana policy. The marijuana-related digital media environment may reflect and/or influence youth and young adult marijuana use. Social media and online search data offer platforms to monitor the marijuana-related PCE and supplement survey data to study media exposure and marijuana use behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsang Kim
- Social Data Collaboratory, Department of Public Health, NORC at the University of Chicago
| | | | - Jidong Huang
- Department of Health Policy & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, Department of Public Health, NORC at the University of Chicago
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15
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Silver N, Kierstead E, Kostygina G, Tran H, Briggs J, Emery S, Schillo B. The influence of pro-vaping “gatewatchers” on the dissemination of COVID-19 misinformation on Twitter (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e40331. [PMID: 36070451 PMCID: PMC9506503 DOI: 10.2196/40331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Silver
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elexis Kierstead
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ganna Kostygina
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hy Tran
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jodie Briggs
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Barbara Schillo
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC, United States
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16
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Diaz MC, Kierstead EC, Edwards D, Kim Y, Rose SW, Emery S, Khatib B, Liu M, Kostygina G. Online Tobacco Advertising and Current Chew, Dip, Snuff and Snus Use among Youth and Young Adults, 2018-2019. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:4786. [PMID: 35457651 PMCID: PMC9026367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the relationship between exposure to online tobacco advertising and current smokeless tobacco use in the context of tobacco control policies. METHODS Three waves of a national probability-based sample of (n = 15,985) youth and young adults were used. Analysis consisted of GEE logistic models controlling for social media use, demographics, tobacco use, average price of smokeless tobacco inclusive of taxes, smoke-free indoor air laws (SFIA) and state tobacco control expenditures. RESULTS Frequent exposure to tobacco advertising on social media is associated with greater odds of current smokeless use (aOR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.62, 2.60). Higher prices and SFIA coverage were associated with reduced current smokeless use when examined separately from other tobacco policy variables (aOR: 0.79, CI: 0.73, 0.85; aOR: 0.44, CI: 0.28, 0.70). CONCLUSIONS Greater exposure to tobacco advertising online is associated with greater odds of smokeless use among surveyed youth and young adults. This effect of social media marketing exposure on smokeless use outweighs the mitigating impact of existing tobacco control policies. The findings underscore the need for strong advertising regulation of evolving tobacco products, including smokeless products, on social media and surveillance of digital marketing tactics to young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C. Diaz
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA; (E.C.K.); (D.E.); (B.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Elexis C. Kierstead
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA; (E.C.K.); (D.E.); (B.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Domonique Edwards
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA; (E.C.K.); (D.E.); (B.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (Y.K.); (S.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Shyanika W. Rose
- College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA;
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (Y.K.); (S.E.); (G.K.)
| | - Bushraa Khatib
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA; (E.C.K.); (D.E.); (B.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Michael Liu
- Schroeder Institute, Truth Initiative, Washington, DC 20001, USA; (E.C.K.); (D.E.); (B.K.); (M.L.)
| | - Ganna Kostygina
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (Y.K.); (S.E.); (G.K.)
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17
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Hornik R, Binns S, Emery S, Epstein VM, Jeong M, Kim K, Kim Y, Kranzler EC, Jesch E, Lee SJ, Levin AV, Liu J, O’Donnell MB, Siegel L, Tran H, Williams S, Yang Q, Gibson LA. The Effects of Tobacco Coverage in the Public Communication Environment on Young People's Decisions to Smoke Combustible Cigarettes. J Commun 2022; 72:187-213. [PMID: 35386823 PMCID: PMC8974361 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In today's complex media environment, does media coverage influence youth and young adults' (YYA) tobacco use and intentions? We conceptualize the "public communication environment" and effect mediators, then ask whether over time variation in exogenously measured tobacco media coverage from mass and social media sources predicts daily YYA cigarette smoking intentions measured in a rolling nationally representative phone survey (N = 11,847 on 1,147 days between May 2014 and June 2017). Past week anti-tobacco and pro-tobacco content from Twitter, newspapers, broadcast news, Associated Press, and web blogs made coherent scales (thetas = 0.77 and 0.79). Opportunities for exposure to anti-tobacco content in the past week predicted lower intentions to smoke (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.95, p < .05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.91-1.00). The effect was stronger among current smokers than among nonsmokers (interaction OR = 0.88, p < .05, 95% CI = 0.77-1.00). These findings support specific effects of anti-tobacco media coverage and illustrate a productive general approach to conceptualizing and assessing effects in the complex media environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Binns
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC-University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC-University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Michelle Jeong
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Health Behavior, Society and Policy, Rutgers University School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Kwanho Kim
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC-University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elissa C Kranzler
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Fors Marsh Group, Arlington, VA 22201, USA
| | - Emma Jesch
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stella Juhyun Lee
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Media and Communication, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Allyson V Levin
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Communication, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085. USA
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Matthew B O’Donnell
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leeann Siegel
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Tobacco Control Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Hy Tran
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC-University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sharon Williams
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- School of Information, University of California, Berkeley. Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Communication Studies, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
| | - Laura A Gibson
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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18
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Middleton S, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Flood I, Nguyen N, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, De Nuccio M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Tasneem N, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Miller C, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for an Axionlike Particle in B Meson Decays. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:131802. [PMID: 35426701 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.131802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Axionlike particles (ALPs) are predicted in many extensions of the standard model, and their masses can naturally be well below the electroweak scale. In the presence of couplings to electroweak bosons, these particles could be emitted in flavor-changing B meson decays. We report herein a search for an ALP, a, in the reaction B^{±}→K^{±}a, a→γγ using data collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. No significant signal is observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the ALP coupling to electroweak bosons are derived as a function of ALP mass, improving current constraints by several orders of magnitude in the range 0.175 GeV<m_{a}<4.78 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Middleton
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrarab, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - I Flood
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - N Nguyen
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - M De Nuccio
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - N Tasneem
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - C Miller
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Middleton S, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Lepton Flavor Violation in ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓}. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:091804. [PMID: 35302790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.091804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first search for electron-muon lepton flavor violation (LFV) in the decay of a b quark and b antiquark bound state. We look for the LFV decay ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓} in a sample of 118 million ϒ(3S) mesons from 27 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e^{+}e^{-} collider operating with a 10.36 GeV center-of-mass energy. No evidence for a signal is found, and we set a limit on the branching fraction B[ϒ(3S)→e^{±}μ^{∓}]<3.6×10^{-7} at 90% C. L. This result can be interpreted as a limit Λ_{NP}/g_{NP}^{2}>80 TeV on the energy scale Λ_{NP} divided by the coupling-squared g_{NP}^{2} of relevant new physics (NP).
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Middleton
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R M Seddon
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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20
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Wang X, Kim Y, Borowiecki M, Tynan MA, Emery S, King BA. Trends in Cigar Sales and Prices, by Product and Flavor Type-the United States, 2016-2020. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:606-611. [PMID: 34792585 PMCID: PMC11000140 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigar smoking has increased in recent decades as the cigar product landscape has diversified. This study assessed trends in US cigar sales during 2016-2020. AIMS AND METHODS Unit sales and average unit price for cigars were assessed during January 3, 2016-June 13, 2020, overall and by product and flavor type, for the 48 contiguous US states and D.C. Assessed cigar types were large cigars, little cigars, and cigarillos; assessed flavor types were tobacco/unflavored, candy/sweets, fruit, menthol, alcohol, coffee, other flavors, and no flavor stated. A joinpoint regression model was used to assess the magnitude and significance of sales trends. RESULTS During January 3, 2016-June 13, 2020, unit sales of cigarillos increased (average monthly percentage change [AMPC] = 0.7%, p < .001), while unit sales of large cigars (AMPC = -0.8%, p < .001) and little cigars decreased (AMPC = -0.2%, p < .001). The average price of cigarillos gradually decreased since mid-August 2017 (AMPC = -0.1%, p < .001), and the average price of little cigars decreased from mid-June 2016 to mid-June 2019 (AMPC = -0.3%, p < .001). In contrast, the average price of large cigars increased during the entire study period (AMPC = 0.6%, p < .001). Irrespective of cigar type, tobacco-flavored/unflavored products were the most commonly sold cigars during the assessed period; however, sales of other flavors varied by cigar type. CONCLUSIONS Cigar sales and price vary by type over time in the United States, including sales of cigarillos (94.2% of unit sales) increasing as their prices have decreased in recent years. Public health strategies are warranted to address the full scope of cigar types being used in the United States. IMPLICATIONS Surveillance of cigar sales data, including product characteristics, can provide a timely complement to self-reported survey data of cigar use. This study assessed trends in US cigar sales during 2016-2020, including by product and flavor type. The findings indicate that sales of cigarillos, which comprise most cigar sales in the United States during the assessed period, increased as their prices decreased. Sales of certain flavors, such as candy/sweet cigarillos and coffee large cigars, increased significantly. These findings reinforce the importance of evidence-based strategies, including increasing price and restricting flavors, to reduce the affordability and consumption of cigars in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael A Tynan
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian A King
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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21
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Wang X, Kim Y, Borowiecki M, Tynan MA, Emery S, King BA. Erratum to: Trends in Cigar Sales and Prices, by Product and Flavor Type-the United States, 2016-2020. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1519. [PMID: 35195720 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Michael A Tynan
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian A King
- Office on Smoking and Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Darkonium in e^{+}e^{-} Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:021802. [PMID: 35089770 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.021802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Collider searches for dark sectors, new particles interacting only feebly with ordinary matter, have largely focused on identifying signatures of new mediators, leaving much of dark sector structures unexplored. In particular, the existence of dark matter bound states (darkonia) remains to be investigated. This possibility could arise in a simple model in which a dark photon (A^{'}) is light enough to generate an attractive force between dark fermions. We report herein a search for a J^{PC}=1^{--} darkonium state, the ϒ_{D}, produced in the reaction e^{+}e^{-}→γϒ_{D}, ϒ_{D}→A^{'}A^{'}A^{'}, where the dark photons subsequently decay into pairs of leptons or pions, using 514 fb^{-1} of data collected with the BABAR detector. No significant signal is observed, and we set bounds on the γ-A^{'} kinetic mixing as a function of the dark sector coupling constant for 0.001<m_{A^{'}}<3.16 GeV and 0.05<m_{ϒ_{D}}<9.5 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Marynak
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian A King
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Colston DC, Xie Y, Thrasher JF, Patrick ME, Titus AR, Emery S, McLeod MC, Elliott MR, Fleischer NL. Examining Truth and State-Sponsored Media Campaigns as a Means of Decreasing Youth Smoking and Related Disparities in the U.S. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 24:469-477. [PMID: 34718762 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To analyze the impact of Truth and state-sponsored anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking in the U.S., and their potential to reduce tobacco-related health disparities. METHODS Our study included data from the 2000-2015 Monitoring the Future study, an annual nationally representative survey of youth in 8 th (n=201,913), 10 th (n=194,468), and 12 th grades (n=178,379). Our primary exposure was Gross Ratings Points (GRPS) of Truth or state-sponsored anti-tobacco advertisements, from Nielsen Media Research. Modified Poisson regression was used to assess the impact of a respondent's GRPs on smoking intentions, past 30-day smoking participation, and first and daily smoking initiation. Additive interactions with sex, parental education, college plans, and race/ethnicity were used to test for differential effects of campaign exposure on each outcome. RESULTS Greater campaign exposure (80 th vs. 20 th GRP percentile) was associated with lower probabilities of smoking intentions among 8 th graders, smoking participation among 8 th and 12 th graders, and initiation among 8 th graders. Greater exposure was associated with a greater reduction in the likelihood of smoking participation among 10 th and 12 th grade males than females; 10 th and 12 th graders with parents of lower education versus those with a college degree; and 12 th graders who did not definitely plan to go to college relative to those who did. CONCLUSIONS Media campaign exposure was associated with a lower likelihood of youth smoking behaviors. Associations were more pronounced for groups disproportionately affected by smoking, including youth of lower socioeconomic status. Media campaigns may be useful in reducing smoking disparities and improving health equity. IMPLICATIONS Few recent studies have investigated the impact of anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking and their potential to reduce tobacco-related health disparities in the U.S. We found media campaigns - specifically state-sponsored media campaigns - reduced the likelihood of several smoking outcomes among youth, with some evidence that they mitigate disparities for disproportionately affected groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Colston
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanmei Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biostatistics Core of the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Tobacco Research, Center for Population Health Research National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrea R Titus
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Chandler McLeod
- Biostatistics Core of the Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Vannini M, Emery S, Lieutier-Colas F, Legueult K, Mondain V, Retur N, Gastaud L, Pomares C, Hasseine L. Epidemiology of candidemia in NICE area, France: A five-year study of antifungal susceptibility and mortality. J Mycol Med 2021; 32:101210. [PMID: 34768155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of candidemia, the fungal susceptibility, the first-line therapy and the morality rate over 5 years. Knowing the differences of the yeasts in the candidemia local epidemiology, is essential to obtain information on fungal epidemiology to adapt antifungal strategies. MATERIALS/METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018. The susceptibility of the Candida strains were tested for amphotericin B, caspofungin, voriconazole and fluconazole. RESULTS The 304 strains were isolated from 290 patients (40 patients in 2014, 65 in 2015, 72 in 2016, 62 in 2017 and 51 in 2018). The three most common Candida spp isolated from blood cultures were Candida albicans (44%), Candida glabrata (22%) and Candida parapsilosis (13%). The proportion of non-albicans Candida decreased from 68% in 2014 to 45% in 2018. C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were to the four antifungals tested. As first-line therapy, 60% of patients received caspofungin and 26% fluconazole. There was no significant difference in the mortality between the two arms of patients (, 27% and 21%, p = 0.47 at 30 days respectively). Thirty day all-cause mortality was 31% and it decreased from 2014 (46%) to 2018 (18%). CONCLUSIONS We report that the absence of antifungal resistance of our C. albicans and C. parapsilosis candidemia suggests possible treatment after MALDI-TOF identification with fluconazole as first-line therapy in our hospital, as soon as possible and while continuing to perform the antifungal test.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vannini
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France
| | - S Emery
- Service de la Pharmacie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France
| | - F Lieutier-Colas
- Service de la Pharmacie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France
| | - K Legueult
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France
| | - V Mondain
- Service d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France
| | - N Retur
- Service de la Pharmacie Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France
| | - L Gastaud
- Unité de soins continus en hématologie, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, NICE 06000, France
| | - C Pomares
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France; INSERM 1065 Equipe 6 C3M, Université Côte d'Azur, France
| | - L Hasseine
- Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de NICE 06200, France.
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Lees J, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown D, Kolomensky Y, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison T, McKenna J, So R, Blinov V, Buzykaev A, Druzhinin V, Golubev V, Kozyrev E, Kravchenko E, Onuchin A, Serednyakov S, Skovpen Y, Solodov E, Todyshev K, Lankford A, Dey B, Gary J, Long O, Eisner A, Lockman W, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao D, Cheng C, Echenard B, Flood K, Hitlin D, Kim J, Li Y, Lin D, Miyashita T, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter F, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows B, Pushpawela B, Sokoloff M, Sun L, Smith J, Wagner S, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi I, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve B, Lacker H, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan A, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz A, Wormser G, Lange D, Wright D, Coleman J, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft D, Payne D, Touramanis C, Bevan A, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown D, Davis C, Denig A, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert K, Barlow R, Lafferty G, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts D, Cowan R, Robertson S, Seddon R, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers D, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop C, LoSecco J, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud G, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi M, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh J, Zani L, Smith A, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson F, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery M, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field R, Fulsom B, Graham M, Hast C, Innes W, Kim P, Leith D, Luitz S, MacFarlane D, Muller D, Neal H, Ratcliff B, Roodman A, Sullivan M, Va’vra J, Wisniewski W, Purohit M, Wilson J, Randle-Conde A, Sekula S, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat P, Puccio E, Alam M, Ernst J, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer D, Soffer A, Spanier S, Ritchie J, Schwitters R, Izen J, Lou X, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner F, King G, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent I, Roney J, Sobie R, Tasneem N, Gershon T, Harrison P, Latham T, Prepost R, Wu S. Light meson spectroscopy from Dalitz plot analyses of
ηc
decays to
η′K+K−
,
η′π+π−
, and
ηπ+π−
produced in two-photon interactions. Int J Clin Exp Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.104.072002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physiotherapeutic treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction in women has variable outcomes, and identification of the predictors of outcomes is important in developing service provision and treatment planning. This study explored whether patient motivation affects treatment compliance and outcomes of physiotherapeutic treatment in a cohort of patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective observational study of 141 adult female patients referred consecutively to the physiotherapy clinic of an urogynaecological outpatients unit at a UK hospital. INTERVENTION A 6-month (one group session per month) pelvic floor muscle training programme, which included a home exercise programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Modified Oxford Grading System and Queensland Pelvic Floor Questionnaire ratings of pelvic floor function were taken pre- and post-intervention, and the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale assessed patient motivation to change pre-intervention. RESULTS Motivation to change predicted attendance at the intervention sessions and patient-rated improvements in function. Patients with higher baseline motivation to change also reported greater improvements in pelvic symptoms, given the same pelvic floor muscle strength improvement. CONCLUSIONS Patient motivation affects physiotherapeutic treatment adherence and outcomes, and should be considered as part of future assessment/screening procedures. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02549157.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reed
- Department of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| | - L A Osborne
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - C M Whittall
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
| | - S Emery
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Swansea, UK
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Hervé C, Duguet AM, Georges C, Golse B, Cordier B, Galichon B, Zarzavadjian Le Bian A, Alasseur E, Stœklé HC, Gaillard M, Emmanuelli X, Emery S, Di C, Jault-Seseke F, Perez S, Bouffard C, Bommier C. Treating strangeness: Medicine and human dignity at the time of COVID-19. Ethics Med Public Health 2021; 18:100659. [PMID: 34493984 PMCID: PMC8412238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jemep.2021.100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The concomitance of a migratory wave and the hospital crisis once again raises the question of the care that the French healthcare system is able to provide to migrants. On the occasion of SFFEM's 19th annual day, we present a synthesis of the research work that has been communicated at that time. Firstly, we will discuss how doctors have been able to overcome strangeness to revive the notion of hospitality according to Levinas; secondly, we will discuss how the hospital is departing from its mission of institutional hospitality because of administrative injunctions; thirdly, we will discuss how ethnomedicine gives us keys to open up to other cultural norms; fourthly, we will see the inadequacy that exists between rights of access to medical care and their effectiveness; finally, the conclusion of Xavier Emmanuelli, founder of the social ambulance service, will remind us how much the values of the French Republic call us to the notion of care and openness to otherness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hervé
- Société Française et Francophone d'Éthique Médicale, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - A-M Duguet
- Médecine légale, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - C Georges
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - B Golse
- Necker Enfants Malades, 149, rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France
| | - B Cordier
- Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - B Galichon
- Service des Urgences, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise Paré, 75010 Paris, France
| | - A Zarzavadjian Le Bian
- Service de chirurgie digestive, Hôpital Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - E Alasseur
- 3, place de Fontenoy, 75007 Paris, France
| | - H-C Stœklé
- Société Française et Francophone d'Éthique Médicale, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Hôpital Foch, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - M Gaillard
- Société Française et Francophone d'Éthique Médicale, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - X Emmanuelli
- Fondateur du SAMU social, Ancien secrétaire d'Etat à l'action humanitaire d'urgence, 51 Rue Ledru Rollin, 94200 Ivry-sur-Seine, France
| | - S Emery
- Hôpital Corentin Celton, AP-HP, 4, Parvis Corentin Celton, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - C Di
- Hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | | | - S Perez
- 20, avenue George Sand, 93210 Saint-Denis, France
| | - C Bouffard
- Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12 avenue Nord Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Québec, Canada
| | - C Bommier
- Société Française et Francophone d'Éthique Médicale, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, 12, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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English N, Anesetti-Rothermel A, Zhao C, Latterner A, Benson AF, Herman P, Emery S, Schneider J, Rose SW, Patel M, Schillo BA. Image Processing for Public Health Surveillance of Tobacco Point-of-Sale Advertising: Machine Learning-Based Methodology. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24408. [PMID: 34448700 PMCID: PMC8433867 DOI: 10.2196/24408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With a rapidly evolving tobacco retail environment, it is increasingly necessary to understand the point-of-sale (POS) advertising environment as part of tobacco surveillance and control. Advances in machine learning and image processing suggest the ability for more efficient and nuanced data capture than previously available. OBJECTIVE The study aims to use machine learning algorithms to discover the presence of tobacco advertising in photographs of tobacco POS advertising and their location in the photograph. METHODS We first collected images of the interiors of tobacco retailers in West Virginia and the District of Columbia during 2016 and 2018. The clearest photographs were selected and used to create a training and test data set. We then used a pretrained image classification network model, Inception V3, to discover the presence of tobacco logos and a unified object detection system, You Only Look Once V3, to identify logo locations. RESULTS Our model was successful in identifying the presence of advertising within images, with a classification accuracy of over 75% for 8 of the 42 brands. Discovering the location of logos within a given photograph was more challenging because of the relatively small training data set, resulting in a mean average precision score of 0.72 and an intersection over union score of 0.62. CONCLUSIONS Our research provides preliminary evidence for a novel methodological approach that tobacco researchers and other public health practitioners can apply in the collection and processing of data for tobacco or other POS surveillance efforts. The resulting surveillance information can inform policy adoption, implementation, and enforcement. Limitations notwithstanding, our analysis shows the promise of using machine learning as part of a suite of tools to understand the tobacco retail environment, make policy recommendations, and design public health interventions at the municipal or other jurisdictional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ned English
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Chang Zhao
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Adam F Benson
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Peter Herman
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jordan Schneider
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Shyanika W Rose
- Department of Behavioral Science, College of Medicine and the Center for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Minal Patel
- Truth Initiative Schroeder Institute, Washington, DC, United States
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Abstract
This study uses retail scanner data to assess nicotine pouch sales in the US between 2016 and 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L. Marynak
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xu Wang
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Michael A. Tynan
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Brian A. King
- Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Colston DC, Xie Y, Thrasher JF, Emery S, Patrick ME, Titus AR, Elliott MR, Fleischer NL. Exploring How Exposure to Truth and State-Sponsored Anti-Tobacco Media Campaigns Affect Smoking Disparities among Young Adults Using a National Longitudinal Dataset, 2002-2017. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7803. [PMID: 34360096 PMCID: PMC8345400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18157803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding long-term impacts of anti-tobacco media campaigns on youth smoking and related disparities in the United States. METHODS We examined longitudinal cohort data from Monitoring the Future (MTF) between 2000 and 2017 in modified Poisson regression models to understand the long-term impacts of televised Truth and state-sponsored ad campaign exposure at baseline (age 18) on first cigarette and daily smoking initiation 1 to 2 years later (at modal ages 19/20). We also used additive interactions to test for potential effect modification between campaign exposure and smoking outcomes by sex, race/ethnicity, and parental educational attainment. RESULTS We found no evidence for baseline media campaign exposure to be associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at modal age 19/20. Further, results showed no evidence for effect modification between campaign exposure and first cigarette or daily smoking initiation. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence that baseline Truth and state-sponsored ad exposure was associated with first cigarette or daily smoking initiation at follow up, nor did we find any evidence for effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, or parental education. We hypothesize that anti-tobacco media campaigns might have had a short-term impact on smoking behaviors, though these effects were not sustained long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Colston
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.F.)
| | - Yanmei Xie
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.F.)
- Biostatistics Core, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - James F. Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
- Center for Population Health Research, Department of Tobacco Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA;
| | - Andrea R. Titus
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Michael R. Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA
| | - Nancy L. Fleischer
- Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.X.); (N.L.F.)
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Abi B, Acciarri R, Acero MA, Adamov G, Adams D, Adinolfi M, Ahmad Z, Ahmed J, Alion T, Monsalve SA, Alt C, Anderson J, Andreopoulos C, Andrews MP, Andrianala F, Andringa S, Ankowski A, Antonova M, Antusch S, Aranda-Fernandez A, Ariga A, Arnold LO, Arroyave MA, Asaadi J, Aurisano A, Aushev V, Autiero D, Azfar F, Back H, Back JJ, Backhouse C, Baesso P, Bagby L, Bajou R, Balasubramanian S, Baldi P, Bambah B, Barao F, Barenboim G, Barker GJ, Barkhouse W, Barnes C, Barr G, Monarca JB, Barros N, Barrow JL, Bashyal A, Basque V, Bay F, Alba JLB, Beacom JF, Bechetoille E, Behera B, Bellantoni L, Bellettini G, Bellini V, Beltramello O, Belver D, Benekos N, Neves FB, Berger J, Berkman S, Bernardini P, Berner RM, Berns H, Bertolucci S, Betancourt M, Bezawada Y, Bhattacharjee M, Bhuyan B, Biagi S, Bian J, Biassoni M, Biery K, Bilki B, Bishai M, Bitadze A, Blake A, Siffert BB, Blaszczyk FDM, Blazey GC, Blucher E, Boissevain J, Bolognesi S, Bolton T, Bonesini M, Bongrand M, Bonini F, Booth A, Booth C, Bordoni S, Borkum A, Boschi T, Bostan N, Bour P, Boyd SB, Boyden D, Bracinik J, Braga D, Brailsford D, Brandt A, Bremer J, Brew C, Brianne E, Brice SJ, Brizzolari C, Bromberg C, Brooijmans G, Brooke J, Bross A, Brunetti G, Buchanan N, Budd H, Caiulo D, Calafiura P, Calcutt J, Calin M, Calvez S, Calvo E, Camilleri L, Caminata A, Campanelli M, Caratelli D, Carini G, Carlus B, Carniti P, Terrazas IC, Carranza H, Castillo A, Castromonte C, Cattadori C, Cavalier F, Cavanna F, Centro S, Cerati G, Cervelli A, Villanueva AC, Chalifour M, Chang C, Chardonnet E, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chaves J, Chen H, Chen M, Chen Y, Cherdack D, Chi C, Childress S, Chiriacescu A, Cho K, Choubey S, Christensen A, Christian D, Christodoulou G, Church E, Clarke P, Coan TE, Cocco AG, Coelho JAB, Conley E, Conrad JM, Convery M, Corwin L, Cotte P, Cremaldi L, Cremonesi L, Crespo-Anadón JI, Cristaldo E, Cross R, Cuesta C, Cui Y, Cussans D, Dabrowski M, da Motta H, Peres LDS, David C, David Q, Davies GS, Davini S, Dawson J, De K, De Almeida RM, Debbins P, De Bonis I, Decowski MP, de Gouvêa A, De Holanda PC, De Icaza Astiz IL, Deisting A, De Jong P, Delbart A, Delepine D, Delgado M, Dell’Acqua A, De Lurgio P, de Mello Neto JRT, DeMuth DM, Dennis S, Densham C, Deptuch G, De Roeck A, De Romeri V, De Vries JJ, Dharmapalan R, Dias M, Diaz F, Díaz JS, Di Domizio S, Di Giulio L, Ding P, Di Noto L, Distefano C, Diurba R, Diwan M, Djurcic Z, Dokania N, Dolinski MJ, Domine L, Douglas D, Drielsma F, Duchesneau D, Duffy K, Dunne P, Durkin T, Duyang H, Dvornikov O, Dwyer DA, Dyshkant AS, Eads M, Edmunds D, Eisch J, Emery S, Ereditato A, Escobar CO, Sanchez LE, Evans JJ, Ewart E, Ezeribe AC, Fahey K, Falcone A, Farnese C, Farzan Y, Felix J, Fernandez-Martinez E, Fernandez Menendez P, Ferraro F, Fields L, Filkins A, Filthaut F, Fitzpatrick RS, Flanagan W, Fleming B, Flight R, Fowler J, Fox W, Franc J, Francis K, Franco D, Freeman J, Freestone J, Fried J, Friedland A, Fuess S, Furic I, Furmanski AP, 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Prospects for beyond the Standard Model physics searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment: DUNE Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:322. [PMID: 34720713 PMCID: PMC8550327 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) will be a powerful tool for a variety of physics topics. The high-intensity proton beams provide a large neutrino flux, sampled by a near detector system consisting of a combination of capable precision detectors, and by the massive far detector system located deep underground. This configuration sets up DUNE as a machine for discovery, as it enables opportunities not only to perform precision neutrino measurements that may uncover deviations from the present three-flavor mixing paradigm, but also to discover new particles and unveil new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model (SM). Of the many potential beyond the Standard Model (BSM) topics DUNE will probe, this paper presents a selection of studies quantifying DUNE's sensitivities to sterile neutrino mixing, heavy neutral leptons, non-standard interactions, CPT symmetry violation, Lorentz invariance violation, neutrino trident production, dark matter from both beam induced and cosmogenic sources, baryon number violation, and other new physics topics that complement those at high-energy colliders and significantly extend the present reach.
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Grants
- MR/T019530/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/T041323/1 Medical Research Council
- MSMT, Czech Republic
- NRF, South Korea
- Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- SERI, Switzerland
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- U.S. Department of Energy
- CERN
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu
- The Royal Society, United Kingdom
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- U.S. NSF
- FCT, Portugal
- CEA, France
- CNRS/IN2P3, France
- European Regional Development Fund
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- H2020-EU, European Union
- IPP, Canada
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
- CAM, Spain
- MSCA, European Union
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- Fundacção de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Fundacion “La Caixa” Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - R. Acciarri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. A. Acero
- Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Atlántico Colombia
| | - G. Adamov
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - D. Adams
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - Z. Ahmad
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Ahmed
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - T. Alion
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - S. Alonso Monsalve
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Alt
- ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Anderson
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - C. Andreopoulos
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. P. Andrews
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - F. Andrianala
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - S. Andringa
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A. Ankowski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Antonova
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Antusch
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - A. Ariga
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - J. Asaadi
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Aurisano
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - V. Aushev
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - D. Autiero
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F. Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | - H. Back
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - J. J. Back
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - P. Baesso
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - L. Bagby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Bajou
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - P. Baldi
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - B. Bambah
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - F. Barao
- Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - G. Barenboim
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - W. Barkhouse
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - C. Barnes
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - G. Barr
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
| | | | - N. Barros
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. L. Barrow
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - A. Bashyal
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - V. Basque
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - F. Bay
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - E. Bechetoille
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - B. Behera
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - L. Bellantoni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - V. Bellini
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - O. Beltramello
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Belver
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Benekos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - F. Bento Neves
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J. Berger
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Berkman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Bernardini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | | | - H. Berns
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Bertolucci
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - M. Betancourt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Bezawada
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - M. Bhattacharjee
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - B. Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781 039 India
| | - S. Biagi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - J. Bian
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - M. Biassoni
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - K. Biery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Bilki
- Beykent University, Istanbul, Turkey
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - M. Bishai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Bitadze
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Blake
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - B. Blanco Siffert
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | | | - G. C. Blazey
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - E. Blucher
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - J. Boissevain
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - S. Bolognesi
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - T. Bolton
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - M. Bonesini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Bongrand
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Bonini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Booth
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - C. Booth
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - S. Bordoni
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - A. Borkum
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - T. Boschi
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Bostan
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - P. Bour
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - S. B. Boyd
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - D. Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - J. Bracinik
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - D. Braga
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Brandt
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - J. Bremer
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Brew
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - E. Brianne
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. J. Brice
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Brizzolari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Bromberg
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | | | - J. Brooke
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - A. Bross
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Brunetti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - N. Buchanan
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - H. Budd
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - D. Caiulo
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Calafiura
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Calcutt
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - M. Calin
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Calvez
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - E. Calvo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - A. Caminata
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | | | - D. Caratelli
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Carini
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - B. Carlus
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - P. Carniti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - H. Carranza
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - A. Castillo
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, 11022 Colombia
| | | | - C. Cattadori
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - F. Cavalier
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - F. Cavanna
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Centro
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - G. Cerati
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Cervelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - M. Chalifour
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Chang
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - E. Chardonnet
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | | | - S. Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 064 India
| | - J. Chaves
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - H. Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Chen
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Chen
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - D. Cherdack
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Chi
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - S. Childress
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - K. Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141 South Korea
| | - S. Choubey
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - D. Christian
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Christodoulou
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - E. Church
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - P. Clarke
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - T. E. Coan
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275 USA
| | - A. G. Cocco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - E. Conley
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. M. Conrad
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - L. Corwin
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - P. Cotte
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - L. Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | | | - J. I. Crespo-Anadón
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Cristaldo
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - R. Cross
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - C. Cuesta
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Y. Cui
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - D. Cussans
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | - M. Dabrowski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. da Motta
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-180 Brazil
| | - L. Da Silva Peres
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-901 Brazil
| | - C. David
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - Q. David
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. S. Davies
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - S. Davini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - J. Dawson
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - K. De
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. M. De Almeida
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Debbins
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - I. De Bonis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - M. P. Decowski
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - P. C. De Holanda
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | | | - P. De Jong
- University of Amsterdam, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Delbart
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D. Delepine
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - M. Delgado
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Dell’Acqua
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. De Lurgio
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - D. M. DeMuth
- Valley City State University, Valley City, ND 58072 USA
| | - S. Dennis
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - C. Densham
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - G. Deptuch
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. De Roeck
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - V. De Romeri
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dias
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 09913-030 Brazil
| | - F. Diaz
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - J. S. Díaz
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - S. Di Domizio
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Di Giulio
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - P. Ding
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Di Noto
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Distefano
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Diurba
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - M. Diwan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Z. Djurcic
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - N. Dokania
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - L. Domine
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Douglas
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Drielsma
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - D. Duchesneau
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - K. Duffy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Dunne
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - T. Durkin
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - H. Duyang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | - D. A. Dwyer
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Edmunds
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - J. Eisch
- Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA
| | - S. Emery
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - C. O. Escobar
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. J. Evans
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - E. Ewart
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Fahey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Falcone
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - C. Farnese
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Y. Farzan
- Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. Felix
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - F. Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - L. Fields
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Filkins
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - F. Filthaut
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - W. Flanagan
- University of Dallas, Irving, TX 75062-4736 USA
| | - B. Fleming
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - R. Flight
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Fowler
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - W. Fox
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Franc
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - K. Francis
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - D. Franco
- Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - J. Freeman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Freestone
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - J. Fried
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - A. Friedland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - S. Fuess
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - I. Furic
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8440 USA
| | - A. P. Furmanski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - A. Gago
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - A. Gallego-Ros
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Gallice
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - V. Galymov
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - E. Gamberini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - T. Gamble
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Gandhi
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | - R. Gandrajula
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - S. Gao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - S. Gardiner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - G. Ge
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - B. Gelli
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | | | - S. Gent
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | | | - D. Gibin
- Universtà degli Studi di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Gil-Botella
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Girerd
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. K. Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - D. Gnani
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - O. Gogota
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - M. Gold
- University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - S. Gollapinni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. Gollwitzer
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. A. Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | | | - F. Gonnella
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | - O. Goodwin
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Goswami
- Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, 380 009 India
| | - C. Gotti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | | | - C. Grace
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Gran
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - E. Granados
- Universidad de Guanajuato, C.P. 37000 Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - A. Grant
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - C. Grant
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Gratieri
- Fluminense Federal University, 9 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ 24220-900 Brazil
| | - P. Green
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - S. Green
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - L. Greenler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Greenwood
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - J. Greer
- University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL UK
| | | | - M. Groh
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - K. Grzelak
- University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - W. Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - V. Guarino
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Guglielmi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - B. Guo
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | | | | | - P. Guzowski
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - M. M. Guzzo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - S. Gwon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | - A. Habig
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | | | - H. Hadavand
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Haenni
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - A. Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Haigh
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Haiston
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - T. Hamernik
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - P. Hamilton
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Han
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - K. Harder
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. A. Harris
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | | | - T. Hasegawa
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - R. Hatcher
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - A. Heavey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Heise
- Sanford Underground Research Facility, Lead, SD 57754 USA
| | - K. Hennessy
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - S. Henry
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | | | - K. Herner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Hertel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. S. Hesam
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. Hewes
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Higuera
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - T. Hill
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | | | - A. Himmel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Hoff
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. Hohl
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - A. Holin
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Hoppe
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | | | - A. Hourlier
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - B. Howard
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Howell
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | - J. Huang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - J. Hugon
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - G. Iles
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - N. Ilic
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - A. M. Iliescu
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Illingworth
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Ioannisian
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Itay
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. Izmaylov
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - E. James
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Jargowsky
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - F. Jediny
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | | | - X. Ji
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - L. Jiang
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA
| | - S. Jiménez
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Jipa
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A. Joglekar
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | - C. Johnson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - R. Johnson
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - B. Jones
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - S. Jones
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. K. Jung
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Junk
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Y. Jwa
- Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | | | - A. Kaboth
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - I. Kadenko
- Kyiv National University, Kiev, 01601 Ukraine
| | - F. Kamiya
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | | | - A. Karcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Karolak
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Y. Karyotakis
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - S. Kasai
- National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Hiroshima, 737-8506 Japan
| | - S. P. Kasetti
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - L. Kashur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - N. Kazaryan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E. Kearns
- Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - P. Keener
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. J. Kelly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Kemp
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - W. Ketchum
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - M. Khabibullin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - A. Khotjantsev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - D. Kim
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - B. King
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - B. Kirby
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Kirby
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Klein
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Koehler
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - S. Kohn
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - M. Kordosky
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - T. Kosc
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - U. Kose
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - I. Kreslo
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y. Kudenko
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | | | - S. Kulagin
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - J. Kumar
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - R. Kumar
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004 India
| | - C. Kuruppu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - V. Kus
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Kutter
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lambert
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - K. Lande
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. E. Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - K. Lang
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
| | | | - P. Lasorak
- University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH UK
| | - D. Last
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - C. Lastoria
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Laundrie
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - A. Lawrence
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - I. Lazanu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R. LaZur
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - T. Le
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - J. Learned
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - P. LeBrun
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - G. Lehmann Miotto
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Lehnert
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - M. Leitner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Leyton
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Li
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. W. Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - T. Li
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - Y. Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - H. Liao
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - C. S. Lin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Lin
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - A. Lister
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - J. Liu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - S. Lockwitz
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Loew
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - M. Lokajicek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - I. Lomidze
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - K. Long
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - K. Loo
- University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - D. Lorca
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - T. Lord
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - W. C. Louis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - K. B. Luk
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - X. Luo
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
| | - N. Lurkin
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - T. Lux
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V. P. Luzio
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - D. MacFarland
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - A. A. Machado
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - P. Machado
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. R. Macier
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Maddalena
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - P. Madigan
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Magill
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - K. Mahn
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - A. Maio
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - G. Mandrioli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Maneira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa-FCUL, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L. Manenti
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Manly
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - A. Mann
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | | | | | - A. Marchionni
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - D. Marfatia
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | | | - J. Maricic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - F. Marinho
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP 13604-900 Brazil
| | - A. D. Marino
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - M. Marshak
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - C. Marshall
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | | | - J. Marteau
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J. Martin-Albo
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - N. Martinez
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - S. Martynenko
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - K. Mason
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - A. Mastbaum
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - M. Masud
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Matsuno
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Matthews
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - C. Mauger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - N. Mauri
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - R. Mazza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Mazzacane
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Mazzucato
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. McCluskey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. McConkey
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | | | - C. McGrew
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - A. McNab
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - A. Mefodiev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - P. Mehta
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - P. Melas
- University of Athens, 157 84 Zografou, Greece
| | - M. Mellinato
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - O. Mena
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Menary
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - H. Mendez
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | - A. Menegolli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Meng
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | | | - W. Metcalf
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Mewes
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - H. Meyer
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - T. Miao
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Michna
- South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - T. Miedema
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J. Migenda
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - R. Milincic
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - W. Miller
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - J. Mills
- Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155 USA
| | - C. Milne
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - O. Mineev
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - O. G. Miranda
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S. Miryala
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. S. Mishra
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. R. Mishra
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - A. Mislivec
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Mladenov
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - I. Mocioiu
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - K. Moffat
- Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE UK
| | - N. Moggi
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - R. Mohanta
- University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500 046 India
| | - T. A. Mohayai
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Mokhov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Molina
- Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | | | - A. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - C. Montanari
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - D. Montanari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. M. Montano Zetina
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J. Moon
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - M. Mooney
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - A. Moor
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - D. Moreno
- Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - B. Morgan
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - C. Morris
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - C. Mossey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Motuk
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - C. A. Moura
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - J. Mousseau
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - W. Mu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Mualem
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. Mueller
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Muether
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - S. Mufson
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - F. Muheim
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | - A. Muir
- Daresbury Laboratory, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
| | - M. Mulhearn
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - H. Muramatsu
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - J. Musser
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | | | - S. Nagu
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - M. Nalbandyan
- Yerevan Institute for Theoretical Physics and Modeling, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R. Nandakumar
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - D. Naples
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - S. Narita
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | - D. Navas-Nicolás
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Nayak
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | - L. Necib
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - K. Negishi
- Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551 Japan
| | | | - J. Nesbit
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - M. Nessi
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Newbold
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Newcomer
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - D. Newhart
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Nichol
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - E. Niner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - A. Norman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Norrick
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Northrop
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | - P. Novella
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | | | - M. Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | | | - A. Olivier
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - Y. Onel
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | | | - J. Ott
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - L. Pagani
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - S. Pakvasa
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - O. Palamara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Palestini
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - J. M. Paley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Pallavicini
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - C. Palomares
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. Pantic
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - V. Paolone
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | | | - R. Papaleo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - A. Papanestis
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - J. C. Park
- Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 South Korea
| | - S. Parke
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - Z. Parsa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Parvu
- University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - L. Pasqualini
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Pasternak
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - J. Pater
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - C. Patrick
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - L. Patrizii
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | | | - S. J. Patton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - T. Patzak
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - A. Paudel
- Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - B. Paulos
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - L. Paulucci
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP 09210-580 Brazil
| | - Z. Pavlovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - G. Pawloski
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - D. Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | - V. Pec
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | | | - Y. Penichot
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - E. Pennacchio
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. Penzo
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - O. L. G. Peres
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Perry
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9YL UK
| | | | - G. Pessina
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Petrillo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. Petta
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Petti
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - F. Piastra
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - L. Pickering
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - F. Pietropaolo
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - J. Pillow
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | - J. Pinzino
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1 Canada
| | - R. Plunkett
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Poling
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - X. Pons
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - S. Pordes
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Potekhin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - R. Potenza
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - J. Pozimski
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Pozzato
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - S. Prakash
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - T. Prakash
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - S. Prince
- Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - G. Prior
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - D. Pugnere
- Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - K. Qi
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - X. Qian
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. L. Raaf
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - R. Raboanary
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - V. Radeka
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - A. Rafique
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - E. Raguzin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Rai
- University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL UK
| | | | - I. Rakhno
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | | | | | - R. Rameika
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - B. Ramson
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Rappoldi
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - G. Raselli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - P. Ratoff
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB UK
| | - S. Ravat
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - H. Razafinime
- University of Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - J. S. Real
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - B. Rebel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - D. Redondo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - T. Rehak
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - J. Reichenbacher
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - S. D. Reitzner
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Renshaw
- University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA
| | - S. Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - F. Resnati
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Riccobene
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - K. Rielage
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | | | - D. Rivera
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - L. Rochester
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. Roda
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE UK
| | | | | | | | | | - H. Rogers
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | - M. Rossella
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, PV Italy
| | - J. Rout
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - S. Roy
- Harish-Chandra Research Institute, Jhunsi, Allahabad, 211 019 India
| | | | - C. Rubbia
- Gran Sasso Science Institute, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - B. Russell
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Russell
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - R. Saakyan
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - S. Sacerdoti
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - T. Safford
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - N. Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285 India
| | - P. Sala
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - N. Samios
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | | | - D. Sankey
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - S. Santana
- University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA
| | | | | | - P. Sapienza
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - C. Sarasty
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | | | - G. Savage
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - V. Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - A. Scaramelli
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Scarff
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - A. Scarpelli
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Schaffer
- University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
| | - H. Schellman
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - P. Schlabach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - D. Schmitz
- University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
| | | | - A. Schukraft
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Segreto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - J. Sensenig
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - I. Seong
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - A. Sergi
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | | | | | - S. Shafaq
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - M. Shamma
- University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
| | | | - R. Sharma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Shaw
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - S. Shin
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonrabuk-do 54896 South Korea
| | - D. Shooltz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - R. Shrock
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Simard
- Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, 91440 Orsay, France
| | - N. Simos
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - G. Sinev
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - J. Singh
- University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007 India
| | - V. Singh
- Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005 India
- Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236 India
| | - R. Sipos
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | | | - G. Sirri
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - A. Sitraka
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - K. Siyeon
- Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 South Korea
| | | | - A. Smith
- Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - A. Smith
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - E. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - P. Smith
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - J. Smolik
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - M. Smy
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - P. Snopok
- Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616 USA
| | - M. Soares Nunes
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970 Brazil
| | - H. Sobel
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | | | | | | | - N. Solomey
- Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260 USA
| | - V. Solovov
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 1649-003, Lisbon and, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - W. E. Sondheim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA
| | - M. Sorel
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - J. Soto-Oton
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - A. Sousa
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - K. Soustruznik
- Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of the Charles University, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | | | - M. Spanu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Spitz
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | | | | | - R. Staley
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - M. Stancari
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - L. Stanco
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - H. M. Steiner
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - J. Stewart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - J. Stock
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - F. Stocker
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - D. Stocks
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - T. Stokes
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | - M. Strait
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - T. Strauss
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Striganov
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - A. Stuart
- Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico
| | - D. Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - A. Surdo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - V. Susic
- University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - L. Suter
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - C. M. Sutera
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - R. Svoboda
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - B. Szczerbinska
- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX 78412 USA
| | - A. M. Szelc
- University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - R. Talaga
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - H. A. Tanaka
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - A. Tapper
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - S. Tariq
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - E. Tatar
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA
| | - R. Tayloe
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - A. M. Teklu
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - M. Tenti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - K. Terao
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - C. A. Ternes
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Terranova
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - G. Testera
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genoa, GE Italy
| | - A. Thea
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | | | - C. Thorn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - S. C. Timm
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Todd
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - A. Tonazzo
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75006 Paris, France
| | - M. Torti
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano Bicocca, 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Università del Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - M. Tortola
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - F. Tortorici
- Università di Catania, 2, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - D. Totani
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - M. Toups
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - J. Trevor
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | | | - Y.-T. Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | | | - K. V. Tsang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - N. Tsverava
- Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - S. Tufanli
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - C. Tull
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - E. Tyley
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - M. Tzanov
- Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
| | | | - J. Urheim
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - T. Usher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
| | - M. R. Vagins
- Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583 Japan
| | - P. Vahle
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. A. Valdiviesso
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, MG 37715-400 Brazil
| | - E. Valencia
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - Z. Vallari
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
| | - J. W. F. Valle
- Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, 46980 Paterna, Valencia Spain
| | - S. Vallecorsa
- CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, 1211 Meyrin, Switzerland
| | - R. Van Berg
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | | | | | - F. Varanini
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - D. Vargas
- Institut de Fìsica d’Altes Energies, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G. Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
| | - J. Vasel
- Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA
| | - G. Vasseur
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - K. Vaziri
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - S. Ventura
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - A. Verdugo
- CIEMAT, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S. Vergani
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE UK
| | - M. A. Vermeulen
- Nikhef National Institute of Subatomic Physics, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Verzocchi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | | | - C. Vignoli
- Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, L’Aquila, AQ Italy
| | - C. Vilela
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - B. Viren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - T. Vrba
- Czech Technical University, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - T. Wachala
- H. Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A. V. Waldron
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - M. Wallbank
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA
| | - H. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - J. Wang
- University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Y. Wang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - D. Warner
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | - M. Wascko
- Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London, SW7 2BZ UK
| | - D. Waters
- University College London, London, WC1E 6BT UK
| | - A. Watson
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | | | - A. Weber
- University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RH UK
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - M. Weber
- University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - H. Wei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | | | - D. Wenman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | | | - M. R. While
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA
| | - A. White
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | | | | | - M. J. Wilking
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | | | - Z. Williams
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - F. Wilson
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX UK
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 USA
| | | | | | - K. Wood
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - L. Wood
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - E. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Worcester
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - C. Wret
- University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| | - W. Wu
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - W. Wu
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Y. Xiao
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - G. Yang
- Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - T. Yang
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - N. Yershov
- Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312 Russia
| | - K. Yonehara
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - T. Young
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202-8357 USA
| | - B. Yu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - J. Yu
- University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019 USA
| | - R. Zaki
- York University, Toronto, M3J 1P3 Canada
| | - J. Zalesak
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L. Zambelli
- Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
| | - B. Zamorano
- University of Granada and CAFPE, 18002 Granada, Spain
| | - A. Zani
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - L. Zazueta
- William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA
| | - G. P. Zeller
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - J. Zennamo
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
| | - K. Zeug
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - C. Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - M. Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - Y. Zhao
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - E. Zhivun
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 USA
| | - G. Zhu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | | | - M. Zito
- CEA/Saclay, IRFU Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l’Univers, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - S. Zucchelli
- Università del Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Sezione di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, BO Italy
| | - J. Zuklin
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - V. Zutshi
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115 USA
| | - R. Zwaska
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
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Colston DC, Cho B, Thrasher JF, Titus AR, Xie Y, Emery S, Elliott MR, Fleischer NL. Anti-Smoking Media Campaigns and Disparities in Smoking Cessation in the United States, 2001-2015. Am J Health Promot 2021; 35:658-668. [PMID: 33415988 DOI: 10.1177/0890117120985818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate sociodemographic differences in the relationship between state and national anti-smoking media campaigns and cessation behaviors among adult smokers in the U.S. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional analysis. SETTING U.S. nationally representative survey of adults ages 18 and older, 2001-2015. SUBJECTS 76,278 year-ago smokers from the 2001-2015 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey. MEASURES Area-level exposure to State-sponsored and "Tips from former smokers" anti-tobacco media campaigns was the primary predictor of this study. Outcome variables included: quit attempt in the past 12 months, past 30-day smoking cessation, and past 90-day smoking cessation among year-ago smokers. ANALYSIS We conducted modified Poisson regression models to examine the association between media campaign exposure and cessation behaviors. We also examined effect modification on the additive scale by sex, race/ethnicity, income, and education using average marginal effects. RESULTS Year-ago smokers with greater exposure to media campaigns were more likely to report 30-day (Prevalence Ratio [PR]: 1.18, CI: 1.03, 1.36) and 90-day cessation (PR: 1.18, CI: 1.00, 1.41) compared to respondents with less campaign exposure. We found no evidence of effect modification by sociodemographic variables. CONCLUSION Exposure to anti-smoking media campaigns were associated with year-ago smokers' cessation behaviors. However, there were no differences in the association by sex, race/ethnicity, income, or education, indicating that broadly focused media campaigns may be insufficient to reduce smoking cessation among priority populations, and thus health disparities generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Colston
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, 51329School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Beomyoung Cho
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, 51329School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, 2629University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Department of Tobacco Research, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andrea R Titus
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, 51329School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanmei Xie
- Biostatistics Core of the Rogel Cancer Center, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nancy L Fleischer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, 51329School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sibidanov A, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Precision Measurement of the Ratio B(ϒ(3S)→τ^{+}τ^{-})/B(ϒ(3S)→μ^{+}μ^{-}). Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:241801. [PMID: 33412062 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.241801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on a precision measurement of the ratio R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)}=B(ϒ(3S)→τ^{+}τ^{-})/B(ϒ(3S)→μ^{+}μ^{-}) using data collected with the BABAR detector at the SLAC PEP-II e^{+}e^{-} collider. The measurement is based on a 28 fb^{-1} data sample collected at a center-of-mass energy of 10.355 GeV corresponding to a sample of 122 million ϒ(3S) mesons. The ratio is measured to be R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)}=0.966±0.008_{stat}±0.014_{syst} and is in agreement with the standard model prediction of 0.9948 within 2 standard deviations. The uncertainty in R_{τμ}^{ϒ(3S)} is almost an order of magnitude smaller than the only previous measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Sibidanov
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Klein EG, Czaplicki L, Berman M, Emery S, Schillo B. Visual Attention to the Use of #ad versus #sponsored on e-Cigarette Influencer Posts on Social Media: A Randomized Experiment. J Health Commun 2020; 25:925-930. [PMID: 33238805 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2020.1849464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Youth and young adults are the largest consumers of social media content. Individuals with large followers are paid to share social media content using specific products for compensation. This type of activity is considered commercial sponsorship and requires a disclosure in order to comply with Federal Trade Commission regulations. Between July and August 2019, youth and young adult (ages 16-24; n = 200) participants were recruited into an eye-tracking laboratory to view their native Instagram feed on a mobile device where a set of posts from e-cigarette influencers were inserted with one of the two potential labeling strategies: #ad and #sponsored. Participants spent an average of 6.6 seconds viewing e-cigarette influencer posts. Youth and young adults spent 3.1 seconds on the area labeled #ad, compared to 2.2 seconds on the area of interest labeled #sponsored (p = .03). After accounting for age, current tobacco use, and dependence, #ad drew 0.93 seconds more than #sponsored on influencer posts (p = .02). Both labeling strategies drew visual attention to Instagram e-cigarette influencer posts, with nearly 1 second more attention paid to the presence of #ad. Labeling commercially sponsored content on social media is a viable strategy to attract the attention of youth and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Klein
- Division of Health Behavior & Health Promotion, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Micah Berman
- Division of Health Services, Management and Policy, Ohio State University College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Lin DX, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Oyang J, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for a Dark Leptophilic Scalar in e^{+}e^{-} Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:181801. [PMID: 33196250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.181801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many scenarios of physics beyond the standard model predict the existence of new gauge singlets, which might be substantially lighter than the weak scale. The experimental constraints on additional scalars with masses in the MeV to GeV range could be significantly weakened if they interact predominantly with leptons rather than quarks. At an e^{+}e^{-} collider, such a leptophilic scalar (ϕ_{L}) would be produced predominantly through radiation from a τ lepton. We report herein a search for e^{+}e^{-}→τ^{+}τ^{-}ϕ_{L}, ϕ_{L}→ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} (ℓ=e, μ) using data collected by the BABAR experiment at SLAC. No significant signal is observed, and we set limits on the ϕ_{L} coupling to leptons in the range 0.04<m_{ϕ_{L}}<7.0 GeV. These bounds significantly improve upon the current constraints, excluding almost entirely the parameter space favored by the observed discrepancy in the muon anomalous magnetic moment below 4 GeV at 90% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D X Lin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Oyang
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lieutier-Colas F, Hasseine L, Machouart M, Vannini M, Emery S, Meyer F, Demoré B, Charmillon A, Simon L, Rabaud C. Fongémies à Candida spp : épidémiologie, sensibilité aux antifongiques et consommations d’antifongiques dans deux CHU français de 2015 à 2018. Med Mal Infect 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.06.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Measurements of the Absolute Branching Fractions of B^{±}→K^{±}X_{cc[over ¯]}. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:152001. [PMID: 32357020 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A study of the two-body decays B^{±}→X_{cc[over ¯]}K^{±}, where X_{cc[over ¯]} refers to one charmonium state, is reported by the BABAR Collaboration using a data sample of 424 fb^{-1}. The absolute determination of branching fractions for these decays are significantly improved compared to previous BABAR measurements. Evidence is found for the decay B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+} at the 3σ level. The absolute branching fraction B[B^{+}→X(3872)K^{+}]=[2.1±0.6(stat)±0.3(syst)]×10^{-4} is measured for the first time. It follows that B[X(3872)→J/ψπ^{+}π^{-}]=(4.1±1.3)%, supporting the hypothesis of a molecular component for this resonance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 2T8, Canada
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Shuve BJ, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for Rare or Forbidden Decays of the D^{0} Meson. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:071802. [PMID: 32142319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.071802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for nine lepton-number-violating and three lepton-flavor-violating neutral charm decays of the type D^{0}→h^{'-}h^{-}ℓ^{'+}ℓ^{+} and D^{0}→h^{'-}h^{+}ℓ^{'±}ℓ^{∓}, where h and h^{'} represent a K or π meson and ℓ and ℓ^{'} an electron or muon. The analysis is based on 468 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at or close to the ϒ(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. No significant signal is observed for any of the twelve modes, and we establish 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions in the range (1.0-30.6)×10^{-7}. The limits are between 1 and 3 orders of magnitude more stringent than previous measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - R Cheaib
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - B J Shuve
- Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - M Davier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - G Wormser
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, Sorbonne Université, Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees J, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown D, Kolomensky Y, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Cheaib R, Hearty C, Mattison T, McKenna J, So R, Blinov V, Buzykaev A, Druzhinin V, Golubev V, Kozyrev E, Kravchenko E, Onuchin A, Serednyakov S, Skovpen Y, Solodov E, Todyshev K, Lankford A, Dey B, Gary J, Long O, Eisner A, Lockman W, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao D, Cheng C, Echenard B, Flood K, Hitlin D, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita T, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter F, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows B, Pushpawela B, Sokoloff M, Sun L, Smith J, Wagner S, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi I, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker H, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan A, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz A, Wormser G, Lange D, Wright D, Coleman J, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft D, Payne D, Touramanis C, Bevan A, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown D, Davis C, Denig A, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert K, Barlow R, Lafferty G, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts D, Cowan R, Robertson S, Seddon R, Neri N, Palombo F, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers D, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop C, LoSecco J, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud G, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi M, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh J, Zani L, Smith A, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson F, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery M, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field R, Fulsom B, Graham M, Hast C, Innes W, Kim P, Leith D, Luitz S, MacFarlane D, Muller D, Neal H, Ratcliff B, Roodman A, Sullivan M, Va’vra J, Wisniewski W, Purohit M, Wilson J, Randle-Conde A, Sekula S, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat P, Puccio E, Alam M, Ernst J, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer D, Soffer A, Spanier S, Ritchie J, Schwitters R, Izen J, Lou X, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner F, King G, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent I, Roney J, Sobie R, Tasneem N, Gershon T, Harrison P, Latham T, Prepost R, Wu S. Search for
B−→Λp¯νν¯
with the
BaBar
experiment. Int J Clin Exp Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.100.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Polizzotto M, Van Bockel D, Law C, Roberts J, Buckland G, Just S, Comben S, Hillman R, Gilson R, Pett S, Poynten M, Law M, Kelleher A, Emery S. Clearance of HPV Anal Premalignant Lesions and Modulation of Systemic Immune Responses to HPV Oncogenes with Low Dose Pomalidomide. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz451.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liu J, Siegel L, Gibson LA, Kim Y, Binns S, Emery S, Hornik RC. Toward an Aggregate, Implicit, and Dynamic Model of Norm Formation: Capturing Large-Scale Media Representations of Dynamic Descriptive Norms Through Automated and Crowdsourced Content Analysis. J Commun 2019; 69:563-588. [PMID: 31956275 PMCID: PMC6954383 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqz033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Media content can shape people's descriptive norm perceptions by presenting either population-level prevalence information or descriptions of individuals' behaviors. Supervised machine learning and crowdsourcing can be combined to answer new, theoretical questions about the ways in which normative perceptions form and evolve through repeated, incidental exposure to normative mentions emanating from the media environment. Applying these methods, this study describes tobacco and e-cigarette norm prevalence and trends over 37 months through an examination of a census of 135,764 long-form media texts, 12,262 popular YouTube videos, and 75,322,911 tweets. Long-form texts mentioned tobacco population norms (4-5%) proportionately less often than e-cigarette population norms (20%). Individual use norms were common across sources, particularly YouTube (tobacco long-form: 34%; Twitter: 33%; YouTube: 88%; e-cigarette long form: 17%; Twitter: 16%; YouTube: 96%). The capacity to capture aggregated prevalence and temporal dynamics of normative media content permits asking population-level media effects questions that would otherwise be infeasible to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Leeann Siegel
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura A Gibson
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Penns ylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Steven Binns
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- Social Data Collaboratory, NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60603, USA
| | - Robert C Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Gibson LA, Siegel L, Kranzler E, Volinsky A, O'Donnell MB, Williams S, Yang Q, Kim Y, Binns S, Tran H, Maidel Epstein V, Leffel T, Jeong M, Liu J, Lee S, Emery S, Hornik RC. Combining Crowd-Sourcing and Automated Content Methods to Improve Estimates of Overall Media Coverage: Theme Mentions in E-cigarette and Other Tobacco Coverage. J Health Commun 2019; 24:889-899. [PMID: 31718524 PMCID: PMC9173594 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1682724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to media content can shape public opinions about tobacco. Accurately describing content is a first step to showing such effects. Historically, content analyses have hand-coded tobacco-focused texts from a few media sources which ignored passing mention coverage and social media sources, and could not reliably capture over-time variation. By using a combination of crowd-sourced and automated coding, we labeled the population of all e-cigarette and other tobacco-related (including cigarettes, hookah, cigars, etc.) 'long-form texts' (focused and passing coverage, in mass media and website articles) and social media items (tweets and YouTube videos) collected May 2014-June 2017 for four tobacco control themes. Automated coding of theme coverage met thresholds for item-level precision and recall, event validation, and weekly-level reliability for most sources, except YouTube. Health, Policy, Addiction and Youth themes were frequent in e-cigarette long-form focused coverage (44%-68%), but not in long-form passing coverage (5%-22%). These themes were less frequent in other tobacco coverage (long-form focused (13-32%) and passing coverage (4-11%)). Themes were infrequent in both e-cigarette (1-3%) and other tobacco tweets (2-4%). Findings demonstrate that passing e-cigarette and other tobacco long-form coverage and social media sources paint different pictures of theme coverage than focused long-form coverage. Automated coding also allowed us to code the amount of data required to estimate reliable weekly theme coverage over three years. E-cigarette theme coverage showed much more week-to-week variation than did other tobacco coverage. Automated coding allows accurate descriptions of theme coverage in passing mentions, social media, and trends in weekly theme coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Gibson
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leeann Siegel
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elissa Kranzler
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allyson Volinsky
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Matthew B O'Donnell
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sharon Williams
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yoonsang Kim
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Binns
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hy Tran
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Jeong
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella Lee
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sherry Emery
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert C Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zhan Q, Zhuo W, Hu W, Emery S, Wang C, Liu Y, Wang X. Opinion Mining in Online Social Media for Public Health Campaigns. j med imaging hlth inform 2019. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2019.2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Dey B, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Extraction of form Factors from a Four-Dimensional Angular Analysis of B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:091801. [PMID: 31524470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.091801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An angular analysis of the decay B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ}, ℓ∈{e,μ}, is reported using the full e^{+}e^{-} collision data set collected by the BABAR experiment at the ϒ(4S) resonance. One B meson from the ϒ(4S)→BB[over ¯] decay is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode, which constrains the kinematics and provides a determination of the neutrino momentum vector. The kinematics of the semileptonic decay is described by the dilepton mass squared, q^{2}, and three angles. The first unbinned fit to the full four-dimensional decay rate in the standard model is performed in the so-called Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed approach, which employs a generic q^{2} parametrization of the underlying form factors based on crossing symmetry, analyticity, and QCD dispersion relations for the amplitudes. A fit using the more model-dependent Caprini-Lellouch-Neubert (CLN) approach is performed as well. Our form factor shapes show deviations from previous fits based on the CLN parametrization. The latest form factors also provide an updated prediction for the branching fraction ratio R(D^{*})≡B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}τ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{τ})/B(B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ})=0.253±0.005. Finally, using the well-measured branching fraction for the B[over ¯]→D^{*}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ} decay, a value of |V_{cb}|=(38.36±0.90)×10^{-3} is obtained that is consistent with the current world average for exclusive B[over ¯]→D^{(*)}ℓ^{-}ν[over ¯]_{ℓ} decays and remains in tension with the determination from inclusive semileptonic B decays to final states with charm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - B Dey
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Observation of the Decay D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:081802. [PMID: 30932586 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the rare charm decay D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-}, based on 468 fb^{-1} of e^{+}e^{-} annihilation data collected at or close to the center-of-mass energy of the ϒ(4S) resonance with the BABAR detector at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory. We find the branching fraction in the invariant mass range 0.675<m(e^{+}e^{-})<0.875 GeV/c^{2} of the electron-positron pair to be B(D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-})=(4.0±0.5±0.2±0.1)×10^{-6}, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to the uncertainty in the branching fraction of the decay D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}π^{+}π^{-} used as a normalization mode. The significance of the observation corresponds to 9.7 standard deviations including systematic uncertainties. This result is consistent with the recently reported D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}μ^{+}μ^{-} branching fraction, measured in the same invariant mass range, and with the value expected in the standard model. In a set of regions of m(e^{+}e^{-}), where long-distance effects are potentially small, we determine a 90% confidence level upper limit on the branching fraction B(D^{0}→K^{-}π^{+}e^{+}e^{-})<3.1×10^{-6}.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Lees JP, Poireau V, Tisserand V, Grauges E, Palano A, Eigen G, Brown DN, Kolomensky YG, Fritsch M, Koch H, Schroeder T, Hearty C, Mattison TS, McKenna JA, So RY, Blinov VE, Buzykaev AR, Druzhinin VP, Golubev VB, Kozyrev EA, Kravchenko EA, Onuchin AP, Serednyakov SI, Skovpen YI, Solodov EP, Todyshev KY, Lankford AJ, Gary JW, Long O, Eisner AM, Lockman WS, Panduro Vazquez W, Chao DS, Cheng CH, Echenard B, Flood KT, Hitlin DG, Kim J, Li Y, Miyashita TS, Ongmongkolkul P, Porter FC, Röhrken M, Huard Z, Meadows BT, Pushpawela BG, Sokoloff MD, Sun L, Smith JG, Wagner SR, Bernard D, Verderi M, Bettoni D, Bozzi C, Calabrese R, Cibinetto G, Fioravanti E, Garzia I, Luppi E, Santoro V, Calcaterra A, de Sangro R, Finocchiaro G, Martellotti S, Patteri P, Peruzzi IM, Piccolo M, Rotondo M, Zallo A, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Lacker HM, Bhuyan B, Mallik U, Chen C, Cochran J, Prell S, Gritsan AV, Arnaud N, Davier M, Le Diberder F, Lutz AM, Wormser G, Lange DJ, Wright DM, Coleman JP, Gabathuler E, Hutchcroft DE, Payne DJ, Touramanis C, Bevan AJ, Di Lodovico F, Sacco R, Cowan G, Banerjee S, Brown DN, Davis CL, Denig AG, Gradl W, Griessinger K, Hafner A, Schubert KR, Barlow RJ, Lafferty GD, Cenci R, Jawahery A, Roberts DA, Cowan R, Robertson SH, Seddon RM, Dey B, Neri N, Palombo F, Cheaib R, Cremaldi L, Godang R, Summers DJ, Taras P, De Nardo G, Sciacca C, Raven G, Jessop CP, LoSecco JM, Honscheid K, Kass R, Gaz A, Margoni M, Posocco M, Simi G, Simonetto F, Stroili R, Akar S, Ben-Haim E, Bomben M, Bonneaud GR, Calderini G, Chauveau J, Marchiori G, Ocariz J, Biasini M, Manoni E, Rossi A, Batignani G, Bettarini S, Carpinelli M, Casarosa G, Chrzaszcz M, Forti F, Giorgi MA, Lusiani A, Oberhof B, Paoloni E, Rama M, Rizzo G, Walsh JJ, Zani L, Smith AJS, Anulli F, Faccini R, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Bünger C, Dittrich S, Grünberg O, Heß M, Leddig T, Voß C, Waldi R, Adye T, Wilson FF, Emery S, Vasseur G, Aston D, Cartaro C, Convery MR, Dorfan J, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Field RC, Fulsom BG, Graham MT, Hast C, Innes WR, Kim P, Leith DWGS, Luitz S, MacFarlane DB, Muller DR, Neal H, Ratcliff BN, Roodman A, Sullivan MK, Va'vra J, Wisniewski WJ, Purohit MV, Wilson JR, Randle-Conde A, Sekula SJ, Ahmed H, Bellis M, Burchat PR, Puccio EMT, Alam MS, Ernst JA, Gorodeisky R, Guttman N, Peimer DR, Soffer A, Spanier SM, Ritchie JL, Schwitters RF, Izen JM, Lou XC, Bianchi F, De Mori F, Filippi A, Gamba D, Lanceri L, Vitale L, Martinez-Vidal F, Oyanguren A, Albert J, Beaulieu A, Bernlochner FU, King GJ, Kowalewski R, Lueck T, Nugent IM, Roney JM, Sobie RJ, Tasneem N, Gershon TJ, Harrison PF, Latham TE, Prepost R, Wu SL. Search for a Stable Six-Quark State at BABAR. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:072002. [PMID: 30848619 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.072002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have suggested that the six-quark combination uuddss could be a deeply bound state (S) that has eluded detection so far, and a potential dark matter candidate. We report the first search for a stable, doubly strange six-quark state in ϒ→SΛ[over ¯]Λ[over ¯] decays based on a sample of 90×10^{6}ϒ(2S) and 110×10^{6}ϒ(3S) decays collected by the BABAR experiment. No signal is observed, and 90% confidence level limits on the combined ϒ(2S,3S)→SΛ[over ¯]Λ[over ¯] branching fraction in the range (1.2-1.4)×10^{-7} are derived for m_{S}<2.05 GeV. These bounds set stringent limits on the existence of such exotic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kozyrev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russia
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K Yu Todyshev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781 039, India
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli and Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B G Fulsom
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | | | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Adachi I, Adye T, Ahmed H, Ahn JK, Aihara H, Akar S, Alam MS, Albert J, Anulli F, Arnaud N, Asner DM, Aston D, Atmacan H, Aushev T, Ayad R, Babu V, Badhrees I, Bakich AM, Banerjee S, Bansal V, Barlow RJ, Batignani G, Beaulieu A, Behera P, Bellis M, Ben-Haim E, Bernard D, Bernlochner FU, Bettarini S, Bettoni D, Bevan AJ, Bhardwaj V, Bhuyan B, Bianchi F, Biasini M, Biswal J, Blinov VE, Bomben M, Bondar A, Bonneaud GR, Bozek A, Bozzi C, Bračko M, Browder TE, Brown DN, Brown DN, Bünger C, Burchat PR, Buzykaev AR, Calabrese R, Calcaterra A, Calderini G, Di Carlo S, Carpinelli M, Cartaro C, Casarosa G, Cenci R, Chao DS, Chauveau J, Cheaib R, Chen A, Chen C, Cheng CH, Cheon BG, Chilikin K, Cho K, Choi Y, Choudhury S, Chrzaszcz M, Cibinetto G, Cinabro D, Cochran J, Coleman JP, Convery MR, Cowan G, Cowan R, Cremaldi L, Cunliffe S, Dash N, Davier M, Davis CL, De Mori F, De Nardo G, Denig AG, de Sangro R, Dey B, Di Lodovico F, Dittrich S, Doležal Z, Dorfan J, Drásal Z, Druzhinin VP, Dunwoodie W, Ebert M, Echenard B, Eidelman S, Eigen G, Eisner AM, Emery S, Epifanov D, Ernst JA, Faccini R, Fast JE, Feindt M, Ferber T, Ferrarotto F, Ferroni F, Field RC, Filippi A, Finocchiaro G, Fioravanti E, Flood KT, Forti F, Fritsch M, Fulsom BG, Gabathuler E, Gamba D, Garg R, Garmash A, Gary JW, Garzia I, Gaur V, Gaz A, Gelb M, Gershon TJ, Li Gioi L, Giorgi MA, Giri A, Godang R, Goldenzweig P, Golob B, Golubev VB, Gorodeisky R, Gradl W, Graham MT, Grauges E, Griessinger K, Gritsan AV, Grünberg O, Guan Y, Guido E, Guttman N, Haba J, Hafner A, Hara T, Harrison PF, Hast C, Hayasaka K, Hayashii H, Hearty C, Heck M, Hedges MT, Heß M, Hirose S, Hitlin DG, Honscheid K, Hou WS, Hsu CL, Huard Z, Van Hulse C, Hutchcroft DE, Inami K, Inguglia G, Innes WR, Ishikawa A, Itoh R, Iwasaki M, Iwasaki Y, Izen JM, Jacobs WW, Jawahery A, Jessop CP, Jia S, Jin Y, Joo KK, Julius T, Kaliyar AB, Kang KH, Karyan G, Kass R, Kichimi H, Kim DY, Kim JB, Kim KT, Kim SH, Kim J, Kim P, King GJ, Kinoshita K, Koch H, Kodyš P, Kolomensky YG, Korpar S, Kotchetkov D, Kowalewski R, Kravchenko EA, Križan P, Kroeger R, Krokovny P, Kuhr T, Kulasiri R, Kumita T, Kuzmin A, Kwon YJ, Lacker HM, Lafferty GD, Lanceri L, Lange JS, Lange DJ, Lankford AJ, Latham TE, Leddig T, Le Diberder F, Lee IS, Lee SC, Lees JP, Leith DWGS, Li LK, Li YB, Li Y, Libby J, Liventsev D, Lockman WS, Long O, LoSecco JM, Lou XC, Lubej M, Lueck T, Luitz S, Luo T, Luppi E, Lusiani A, Lutz AM, MacFarlane DB, MacNaughton J, Mallik U, Manoni E, Marchiori G, Margoni M, Martellotti S, Martinez-Vidal F, Masuda M, Matsuda T, Mattison TS, Matvienko D, McKenna JA, Meadows BT, Merola M, Miyabayashi K, Miyashita TS, Miyata H, Mizuk R, Mohanty GB, Moon HK, Mori T, Muller DR, Müller T, Mussa R, Nakano E, Nakao M, Nanut T, Nath KJ, Nayak M, Neal H, Neri N, Nisar NK, Nishida S, Nugent IM, Oberhof B, Ocariz J, Ogawa S, Ongmongkolkul P, Ono H, Onuchin AP, Onuki Y, Oyanguren A, Pakhlov P, Pakhlova G, Pal B, Palano A, Palombo F, Panduro Vazquez W, Paoloni E, Pardi S, Park H, Passaggio S, Patrignani C, Patteri P, Paul S, Pavelkin I, Payne DJ, Pedlar TK, Peimer DR, Peruzzi IM, Pestotnik R, Piccolo M, Piilonen LE, Pilloni A, Piredda G, Poireau V, Popov V, Porter FC, Posocco M, Prell S, Prepost R, Puccio EMT, Purohit MV, Pushpawela BG, Rama M, Randle-Conde A, Ratcliff BN, Raven G, Resmi PK, Ritchie JL, Ritter M, Rizzo G, Roberts DA, Robertson SH, Röhrken M, Roney JM, Roodman A, Rossi A, Rotondo M, Rozanska M, Russo G, Sacco R, Al Said S, Sakai Y, Salehi M, Sandilya S, Santelj L, Santoro V, Sanuki T, Savinov V, Schneider O, Schnell G, Schroeder T, Schubert KR, Schwanda C, Schwartz AJ, Schwitters RF, Sciacca C, Seddon RM, Seino Y, Sekula SJ, Senyo K, Seon O, Serednyakov SI, Sevior ME, Shebalin V, Shen CP, Shibata TA, Shimizu N, Shiu JG, Simi G, Simon F, Simonetto F, Skovpen YI, Smith JG, Smith AJS, So RY, Sobie RJ, Soffer A, Sokoloff MD, Solodov EP, Solovieva E, Spanier SM, Starič M, Stroili R, Sullivan MK, Sumisawa K, Sumiyoshi T, Summers DJ, Sun L, Takizawa M, Tamponi U, Tanida K, Taras P, Tasneem N, Tenchini F, Tisserand V, Todyshevx KY, Touramanis C, Uchida M, Uglov T, Unno Y, Uno S, Vahsen SE, Varner G, Vasseur G, Va'vra J, Červenkov D, Verderi M, Vitale L, Vorobyev V, Voß C, Wagner SR, Waheed E, Waldi R, Walsh JJ, Wang B, Wang CH, Wang MZ, Wang P, Watanabe Y, Wilson FF, Wilson JR, Wisniewski WJ, Won E, Wormser G, Wright DM, Wu SL, Ye H, Yuan CZ, Yusa Y, Zakharov S, Zallo A, Zani L, Zhang ZP, Zhilich V, Zhukova V, Zhulanov V, Zupanc A. First Evidence for cos2β>0 and Resolution of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Quark-Mixing Unitarity Triangle Ambiguity. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:261801. [PMID: 30636113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.261801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present first evidence that the cosine of the CP-violating weak phase 2β is positive, and hence exclude trigonometric multifold solutions of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) Unitarity Triangle using a time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} with D→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} decays, where h^{0}∈{π^{0},η,ω} denotes a light unflavored and neutral hadron. The measurement is performed combining the final data sets of the BABAR and Belle experiments collected at the ϒ(4S) resonance at the asymmetric-energy B factories PEP-II at SLAC and KEKB at KEK, respectively. The data samples contain (471±3)×10^{6}BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the BABAR detector and (772±11)×10^{6}BB[over ¯] pairs recorded by the Belle detector. The results of the measurement are sin2β=0.80±0.14(stat)±0.06(syst)±0.03(model) and cos2β=0.91±0.22(stat)±0.09(syst)±0.07(model). The result for the direct measurement of the angle β of the CKM Unitarity Triangle is β=[22.5±4.4(stat)±1.2(syst)±0.6(model)]°. The measurement assumes no direct CP violation in B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} decays. The quoted model uncertainties are due to the composition of the D^{0}→K_{S}^{0}π^{+}π^{-} decay amplitude model, which is newly established by performing a Dalitz plot amplitude analysis using a high-statistics e^{+}e^{-}→cc[over ¯] data sample. CP violation is observed in B^{0}→D^{(*)}h^{0} decays at the level of 5.1 standard deviations. The significance for cos2β>0 is 3.7 standard deviations. The trigonometric multifold solution π/2-β=(68.1±0.7)° is excluded at the level of 7.3 standard deviations. The measurement resolves an ambiguity in the determination of the apex of the CKM Unitarity Triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Adachi
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Adye
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - H Ahmed
- St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada B2G 2W5
| | - J K Ahn
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - H Aihara
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Akar
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M S Alam
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - J Albert
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F Anulli
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - N Arnaud
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D M Asner
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Aston
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - H Atmacan
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - T Aushev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - R Ayad
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - V Babu
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - I Badhrees
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Bakich
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Sw Banerjee
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - V Bansal
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R J Barlow
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - G Batignani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Beaulieu
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - P Behera
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - M Bellis
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - E Ben-Haim
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - D Bernard
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - F U Bernlochner
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - S Bettarini
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D Bettoni
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A J Bevan
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - V Bhardwaj
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, SAS Nagar, 140306, India
| | - B Bhuyan
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - F Bianchi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - M Biasini
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - J Biswal
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V E Blinov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russian Federation
| | - M Bomben
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - A Bondar
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - G R Bonneaud
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - A Bozek
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - C Bozzi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Bračko
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - T E Browder
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - D N Brown
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D N Brown
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - C Bünger
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - P R Burchat
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - A R Buzykaev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - R Calabrese
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Calcaterra
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - G Calderini
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Di Carlo
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - M Carpinelli
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - C Cartaro
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G Casarosa
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - R Cenci
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - D S Chao
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Chauveau
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - R Cheaib
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - A Chen
- National Central University, Chung-li 32054, Taiwan
| | - C Chen
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C H Cheng
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - B G Cheon
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - K Chilikin
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - K Cho
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, South Korea
| | - Y Choi
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - S Choudhury
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | | | - G Cibinetto
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - D Cinabro
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - J Cochran
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J P Coleman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M R Convery
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G Cowan
- University of London, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - R Cowan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L Cremaldi
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - S Cunliffe
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Dash
- Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Satya Nagar 751007, India
| | - M Davier
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - C L Davis
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA
| | - F De Mori
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G De Nardo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - A G Denig
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - R de Sangro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - B Dey
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - F Di Lodovico
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - S Dittrich
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Z Doležal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Dorfan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - Z Drásal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V P Druzhinin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - W Dunwoodie
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - M Ebert
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - B Echenard
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - S Eidelman
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - G Eigen
- University of Bergen, Institute of Physics, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - A M Eisner
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - S Emery
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - D Epifanov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J A Ernst
- State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, USA
| | - R Faccini
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - J E Fast
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Feindt
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T Ferber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - F Ferroni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R C Field
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Filippi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - G Finocchiaro
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - E Fioravanti
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - K T Flood
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - F Forti
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fritsch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - B G Fulsom
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - E Gabathuler
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - D Gamba
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - R Garg
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - A Garmash
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J W Gary
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - I Garzia
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - V Gaur
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A Gaz
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Gelb
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T J Gershon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - L Li Gioi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
| | - M A Giorgi
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A Giri
- Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India
| | - R Godang
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Goldenzweig
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Golob
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V B Golubev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - R Gorodeisky
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - W Gradl
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M T Graham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - E Grauges
- Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Fisica, Departament ECM, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - K Griessinger
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A V Gritsan
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - O Grünberg
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Y Guan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - E Guido
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - N Guttman
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - J Haba
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - A Hafner
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Hara
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - P F Harrison
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - C Hast
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - K Hayasaka
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - H Hayashii
- Nara Women's University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - C Hearty
- Institute of Particle Physics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - M Heck
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - M T Hedges
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - M Heß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Hirose
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - D G Hitlin
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - K Honscheid
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - W-S Hou
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C-L Hsu
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Z Huard
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - C Van Hulse
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - D E Hutchcroft
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - K Inami
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - G Inguglia
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W R Innes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Ishikawa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - R Itoh
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Iwasaki
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Y Iwasaki
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - J M Izen
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
| | - A Jawahery
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C P Jessop
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - S Jia
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K K Joo
- Chonnam National University, Kwangju 660-701, South Korea
| | - T Julius
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - A B Kaliyar
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - K H Kang
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - G Karyan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Kass
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - H Kichimi
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - D Y Kim
- Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, South Korea
| | - J B Kim
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - K T Kim
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - J Kim
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - P Kim
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G J King
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - K Kinoshita
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - H Koch
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - P Kodyš
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yu G Kolomensky
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Korpar
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - D Kotchetkov
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - R Kowalewski
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - E A Kravchenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - P Križan
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Kroeger
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - P Krokovny
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - T Kuhr
- Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - R Kulasiri
- Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, USA
| | - T Kumita
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - A Kuzmin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Y-J Kwon
- Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - H M Lacker
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut für Physik, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - G D Lafferty
- University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - L Lanceri
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J S Lange
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - D J Lange
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - A J Lankford
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - T E Latham
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - T Leddig
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Le Diberder
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - I S Lee
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - J P Lees
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - D W G S Leith
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - L K Li
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y B Li
- Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Y Li
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - J Libby
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - D Liventsev
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - W S Lockman
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - O Long
- University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - J M LoSecco
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - X C Lou
- University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75083, USA
| | - M Lubej
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Lueck
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - S Luitz
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - T Luo
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE) and Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - E Luppi
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - A M Lutz
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D B MacFarlane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - J MacNaughton
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - U Mallik
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - E Manoni
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Marchiori
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - M Margoni
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Martellotti
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - M Masuda
- Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - T Matsuda
- University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - T S Mattison
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - D Matvienko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J A McKenna
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - B T Meadows
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - M Merola
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - T S Miyashita
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Miyata
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - R Mizuk
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - G B Mohanty
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - H K Moon
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - T Mori
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - D R Muller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - T Müller
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R Mussa
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - E Nakano
- Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - M Nakao
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Nanut
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - K J Nath
- Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - M Nayak
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - H Neal
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - N Neri
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - N K Nisar
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - S Nishida
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - I M Nugent
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - B Oberhof
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - J Ocariz
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies, IN2P3/CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Université Denis Diderot-Paris7, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - S Ogawa
- Toho University, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - P Ongmongkolkul
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - H Ono
- Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - A P Onuchin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk 630092, Russian Federation
| | - Y Onuki
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Oyanguren
- IFIC, Universitat de Valencia-CSIC, E-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - P Pakhlov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G Pakhlova
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - B Pal
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - A Palano
- INFN Sezione di Bari and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bari, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - F Palombo
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - W Panduro Vazquez
- University of California at Santa Cruz, Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - E Paoloni
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Pardi
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - H Park
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - S Passaggio
- INFN Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - P Patteri
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - S Paul
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - I Pavelkin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - D J Payne
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - T K Pedlar
- Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101, USA
| | - D R Peimer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - I M Peruzzi
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - R Pestotnik
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Piccolo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - L E Piilonen
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - A Pilloni
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - G Piredda
- INFN Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - V Poireau
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - V Popov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - F C Porter
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - M Posocco
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Prell
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R Prepost
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E M T Puccio
- Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M V Purohit
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - M Rama
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - B N Ratcliff
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - G Raven
- NIKHEF, National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Energy Physics, NL-1009 DB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P K Resmi
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - J L Ritchie
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M Ritter
- Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - G Rizzo
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - D A Roberts
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S H Robertson
- Institute of Particle Physics, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - M Röhrken
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - J M Roney
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Roodman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - A Rossi
- INFN Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Rotondo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - M Rozanska
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow 31-342, Poland
| | - G Russo
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R Sacco
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - S Al Said
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Sakai
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - M Salehi
- Ludwig Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
- University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Sandilya
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - L Santelj
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - V Santoro
- INFN Sezione di Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - T Sanuki
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - V Savinov
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - O Schneider
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - G Schnell
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - T Schroeder
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Institut für Experimentalphysik 1, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - K R Schubert
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institut für Kernphysik, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - C Schwanda
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Vienna 1050, Austria
| | - A J Schwartz
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | | | - C Sciacca
- INFN Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - R M Seddon
- McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2T8
| | - Y Seino
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - S J Sekula
- Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275, USA
| | - K Senyo
- Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan
| | - O Seon
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - S I Serednyakov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - M E Sevior
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Shebalin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C P Shen
- Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - T-A Shibata
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - N Shimizu
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J-G Shiu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - G Simi
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F Simon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, 80805 München, Germany
- Excellence Cluster Universe, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Simonetto
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Yu I Skovpen
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - J G Smith
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A J S Smith
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - R Y So
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - R J Sobie
- Institute of Particle Physics, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - A Soffer
- Tel Aviv University, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - M D Sokoloff
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - E P Solodov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - E Solovieva
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - S M Spanier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Starič
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Stroili
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M K Sullivan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - K Sumisawa
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - T Sumiyoshi
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - D J Summers
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - L Sun
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - M Takizawa
- J-PARC Branch, KEK Theory Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
- Theoretical Research Division, Nishina Center, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - U Tamponi
- INFN Sezione di Torino, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - K Tanida
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Naka 319-1195, Japan
| | - P Taras
- Université de Montréal, Physique des Particules, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7
| | - N Tasneem
- University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W 3P6
| | - F Tenchini
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - V Tisserand
- Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université de Savoie, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-Le-Vieux, France
| | - K Yu Todyshevx
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C Touramanis
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
| | - M Uchida
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - T Uglov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Y Unno
- Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | - S Uno
- SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama 240-0193, Japan
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - S E Vahsen
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - G Varner
- University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - G Vasseur
- CEA, Irfu, SPP, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Va'vra
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - D Červenkov
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Verderi
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - L Vitale
- INFN Sezione di Trieste and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - V Vorobyev
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - C Voß
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S R Wagner
- University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - E Waheed
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - R Waldi
- Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J J Walsh
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - B Wang
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, USA
| | - C H Wang
- National United University, Miao Li 36003, Taiwan
| | - M-Z Wang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - P Wang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Watanabe
- Kanagawa University, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - F F Wilson
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - J R Wilson
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - W J Wisniewski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, California 94309 USA
| | - E Won
- Korea University, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - G Wormser
- Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire, IN2P3/CNRS et Université Paris-Sud 11, Centre Scientifique d'Orsay, F-91898 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - D M Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S L Wu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - H Ye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Z Yuan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Yusa
- Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - S Zakharov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - A Zallo
- INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, I-00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - L Zani
- INFN Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Z P Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - V Zhilich
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - V Zhukova
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- Moscow Physical Engineering Institute, Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - V Zhulanov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - A Zupanc
- J. Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hallouard F, Sauze W, Emery S, Skanjeti A, Rioufol C, Fraysse M. Stability Study of [18F]Fludeoxyglucose and [18F]Fluorocholine in Different Medical Devices for Intravenous Administration. Curr Radiopharm 2018; 11:138-146. [PMID: 29972107 DOI: 10.2174/1874471011666180703165639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study had determine the impact of prolonged storage in a cartridge or syringe on the quality of the [18F]-radiopharmaceuticals used in our center [18F]fludeoxyglucose and [18F]fluorocholine). [18F]-radiopharmaceuticals registered as ready-to-use drugs are prepared in multidose flasks. When the change of packaging must be made extemporaneously for the preparation of patient unit doses in a syringe or cartridge, this is under the responsibility of radiopharmacists. As drug quality in medical devices (syringe or cartridge) is not evaluated during the marketing authorization of such radiopharmaceuticals, an evaluation of drug stability in such devices seems interesting. In addition, if there are difficulties in patient care (placement of the catheter, lack of personal, etc.) or equipment problems (technical issue with the automated dispenser delaying the delivery of the prepared dose), the contact time of [18F]-radiopharmaceuticals with the medical devices (cartridge or syringe) increases. METHODS Appearance, pH, radiochemical purity, sterility and endotoxin tests were made according the current European Pharmacopoeia. Adsorption tests were made according the literature. RESULTS There was no drug absorption of [18F]fludeoxyglucose or [18F]fluorocholine after 1.5h, which may be related to their hydrophilic nature. No drug radiolysis was observed even after dilution of the radiopharmaceuticals (appearance, pH, and radiochemical purity were unchanged). No impurity from medical devices (cartridge or syringe) was observed, and microbiological aspects remained in specification of the current European Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSION These radiopharmaceuticals repackaged in plastic medical devices retained their quality after dispensing and prolonged storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hallouard
- Pharmacy Department, Radiopharmacy Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet F-69310 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - W Sauze
- Pharmacy Department, Radiopharmacy Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet F-69310 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - S Emery
- Pharmacy Department, Radiopharmacy Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet F-69310 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - A Skanjeti
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet F-69310 Pierre-Benite, France
| | - C Rioufol
- Pharmacy Department, Radiopharmacy Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet F-69310 Pierre-Benite, France.,Lyon I University, EMR 3738, Ciblage Thérapeutique en Oncologie (CTO), 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet F-69921 Oullins, France
| | - M Fraysse
- Pharmacy Department, Radiopharmacy Unit, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Sud Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet F-69310 Pierre-Benite, France
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50
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Abstract
E-cigarettes (vape) are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. Ads are claiming e-cigarettes help smokers quit, but most of them contain nicotine, which can cause addiction and harm the developing adolescent brain. Therefore, national, state, and local health organizations have proposed anti-vaping campaigns to warn the potential risks of e-cigarettes. However, there is some evidence that these products may reduce harm for adult users who reduce or quit combustible cigarette smoking, and with little evidence that e-cigarettes cause long-term harm, pro-vaping advocates have used this equivocal evidence base to oppose the anti-vaping media campaign messaging, generating a very high volume of oppositional messages on social media. Thus, when we analyze the feedback of anti-vaping campaigns, it is crucial to partition the audience into different clusters according to their attitudes and affiliations. Motivated by this, in this paper, we propose the "community detection on anti-vaping campaign audience" problem and design the "community detection based on social, repost and content relation, (Sorento)" algorithm to solve it. Sorento computes users' intimacy scores based on their social connections, repost relations, and content similarities. The community detection results achieved by Sorento demonstrate that though anti-vaping campaigns are proposed in different areas at different times, their opponent messages are mainly posted by the same community of pro-vapors.
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