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Zhu S, Chen ST, Jin YY, Lu SW, Zou FJ, Ma WJ, Zeng FF, Liang XF. [Analysis and prediction of disease burden of cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases due to alcohol use in China from 1990 to 2030]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:185-191. [PMID: 38413055 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230920-00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To comprehensively understand the disease burden of liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases caused by alcohol use in China from 1990 to 2019, as well as to predict the trends in disease burden from 2020 to 2030. Methods: The analysis utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019 (GBD2019). Key indicators such as incidence rate, mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability were selected to describe the disease burden of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in China from 1990 to 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to depict the temporal trends in disease burden. Furthermore, a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was constructed using R software to predict the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in China from 2020 to 2030. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases in China showed an upward trend, with an EAPC of 0.31% (95%CI: 0.10%-0.52%). However, the DALY declined, with an EAPC of -2.81% (95%CI: -2.92% - -2.70%). The ASMR showed a downward trend, with an EAPC of -2.55% (95%CI: -2.66% - -2.45%). The highest incidence of cirrhosis of liver caused by alcohol and other chronic liver diseases was reported in the age group of 35-49 years, while the ASMR increased gradually with age, with a significant rise after the age of 30. The age-standardized DALY rate peaked between the ages of 55 and 64. The disease burden indicators for males were consistently higher than those for females during the same period. According to the predictions of the BAPC model, from 2020 to 2030, the ASIR for cirrhosis of liver caused by alcohol and other chronic liver diseases in the entire population of China was projected to increase from 3.45/100 000 in 2020 to 3.78/100 000 in 2030, a growth of 9.57%. Conversely, the ASMR was expected to decrease from 1.45/100 000 in 2020 to 1.24/100 000 in 2030, a reduction of 14.48%. Conclusions: The disease burden of cirrhosis of liver caused by alcohol and other chronic liver diseases remained serious in China, especially in men and the middle-aged to elderly population. There is a pressing need to prioritize attention and resources towards these groups. Despite the projected decrease in ASMR, the ASIR continued to rise and is expected to persist in its upward trend until 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - S T Chen
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Y Y Jin
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - S W Lu
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - F J Zou
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - W J Ma
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - F F Zeng
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - X F Liang
- School of Basic Medicine and Public Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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2
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Cao LM, Chen ST, Wang T. [Progress in research of quantification of biological age]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:516-520. [PMID: 36942351 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20220814-00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological age has been proved to be better than chronological age to measure the real difference of aging among individuals, but no consensus has been reached in the quantification of biological age in the field of aging research. In this paper, we summarize some commonly used quantification methods of biological age and discuss the its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Cao
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001, China
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3
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Teng TL, Shang YY, Huang HR, Chu NH, Chen ST. [Effects of four efflux pump inhibitors on the activities of clarithromycin against Mycobacterium abscessus]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2022; 45:468-474. [PMID: 35527462 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210923-00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To detect the effects of four efflux pump inhibitors on the minimum inhibitory concentration of clarithromycin (CLA) against Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus) in vitro, and to explore the role of efflux pump in CLA resistance of M. abscessus. Methods: Four frequently-used efflux pump inhibitors (Carbonyl Cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone, CCCP, N, N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, DCC, Verapamil, VP, Reserpine, RSP) were evaluated in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of clarithromycin against M. abscessus reference strain and 60 clinical strains with or without efflux pump inhibitors were detected by Alamar Blue method. Sequence analysis of erm(41) and rrl genes known to be associated with CLA resistance in M. abscessus was performed to analyze the correlation between the effect of efflux pump inhibitors on MIC and mutation of resistance-related genes. Results: CCCP, DCC, VP and RSP could reduce the MIC of M. abscessus to CLA, and the effect of RSP was weaker than the other three efflux pump inhibitors. Among the sixty M. abscessus clinical strains, ten strains were resistant to clarithromycin, seven of which had rrl gene mutation. The CLA resistance rate of smooth phenotype isolates was higher than that of rough phenotype isolates. At 3 day of clarithromycin incubation, the MICs of resistant strains were all reduced by efflux pump inhibitors. Compared with the strains with rrl gene mutation, efflux pump inhibitors had a greater effect on the strains without rrl gene mutation. At 14 day of clarithromycin incubation, 83% of M. abscessus subsp. abscessus, were induced to be resistant, and all of them were T28 sequence type of erm(41). With the occurrence of induced drug resistance, the effect of efflux pump inhibitor on CLA MIC decreased. Efflux pump inhibitors had no statistically significant diffence in the effect of effcux pump inhibitors on CLA MIC levels in different phenotypes of isolates. Conclusions: Efflux pump is involved in the resistance process of M. abscessus to CLA. Efflux pump inhibitors reduce the drug resistance to clarithromycin against M. abscessus in different degrees. The use of efflux pump inhibitors may provide a new way to alleviate the drug resistance of M. abscessus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Teng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Y Y Shang
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - H R Huang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - N H Chu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - S T Chen
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
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4
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Chen ST, Xu GZ. [Research progress on the relationship between HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, and diabetes mellitus]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:598-602. [PMID: 35443319 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20211112-00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The expectancy and quality of life among people with HIV have improved remarkably with the widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the meantime, the risks for HIV-related metabolic diseases have increased significantly, in particular diabetes mellitus. Multi-factors coeffect to increasing the risk of diabetes mellitus among HIV patients. Recently, growing of research has reported an association between HIV infections and ART and the development of diabetes mellitus. In this article, we summarize the recent studies investigating HIV infection and ART in diabetes mellitus to clarify their mechanism on the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chen
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - G Z Xu
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, China
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Liang J, He SM, Chen ST, Wang T. [G methods for handling time-varying confounding in the longitudinal study]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1871-1875. [PMID: 34814626 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200731-01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The conventional analytical methods cannot effectively adjust for time-varying confounding that occur in a longitudinal study and thus cannot correctly estimate the causal effects. This study explains the necessity of precisely controlling time-varying confounding and outlines G methods, including parametric g-formula, inverse probability of weighting, and G-estimation. We also compare the methods above to provide a reference for correctly estimating causal effects in the longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - S M He
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
| | - T Wang
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, China
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Dai MS, Feng YH, Chen SW, Masuda N, Yau T, Chen ST, Lu YS, Yap YS, Ang PCS, Chu SC, Kwong A, Lee KS, Ow S, Kim SB, Lin J, Chung HC, Ngan R, Kok VC, Rau KM, Sangai T, Ng TY, Tseng LM, Bryce R, Bebchuk J, Chen MC, Hou MF. Analysis of the pan-Asian subgroup of patients in the NALA Trial: a randomized phase III NALA Trial comparing neratinib+capecitabine (N+C) vs lapatinib+capecitabine (L+C) in patients with HER2+metastatic breast cancer (mBC) previously treated with two or more HER2-directed regimens. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:665-676. [PMID: 34553296 PMCID: PMC8505315 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated systemic efficacy and intracranial activity in various stages of HER2+breast cancer. NALA was a phase III randomized trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of neratinib+capecitabine (N+C) against lapatinib+capecitabine (L+C) in HER2+ metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients who had received ≥ 2 HER2-directed regimens. Descriptive analysis results of the Asian subgroup in the NALA study are reported herein. METHODS 621 centrally assessed HER2+ mBC patients were enrolled, 202 of whom were Asian. Those with stable, asymptomatic brain metastases (BM) were eligible for study entry. Patients were randomized 1:1 to N (240 mg qd) + C (750 mg/m2 bid, day 1-14) with loperamide prophylaxis or to L (1250 mg qd) + C (1000 mg/m2 bid, day 1-14) in 21-day cycles. Co-primary endpoints were centrally assessed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included time to intervention for central nervous system (CNS) disease, objective response rate, duration of response (DoR), clinical benefit rate, and safety. RESULTS 104 and 98 Asian patients were randomly assigned to receive N+C or L+C, respectively. Median PFS of N+C and L+C was 7.0 and 5.4 months (P = 0.0011), respectively. Overall cumulative incidence of intervention for CNS disease was lower with N+C (27.9 versus 33.8%; P = 0.039). Both median OS (23.8 versus 18.7 months; P = 0.185) and DoR (11.1 versus 4.2 months; P < 0.0001) were extended with N+C, compared to L+C. The incidences of grade 3/4 treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation were mostly comparable between the two arms. Diarrhea and palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia were the most frequent TEAEs in both arms, similar to the overall population in incidence and severity. CONCLUSION Consistent with the efficacy profile observed in the overall study population, Asian patients with HER2+ mBC, who had received ≥ 2 HER2-directed regimens, may also benefit from N+C. No new safety signals were noted. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01808573.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shen Dai
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin Hsun Feng
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center-Yongkang Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shang Wen Chen
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Chi Mei Medical Center-LiouYing Branch, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Norikazu Masuda
- Department of Surgery and Breast Oncology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Thomas Yau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shou Tung Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yen Shen Lu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yoon Sim Yap
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter C S Ang
- Department of Medical Oncology, OncoCare Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung Chao Chu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ava Kwong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, South Korea
| | - Samuel Ow
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung Bae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johnson Lin
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roger Ngan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Victor C Kok
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun Ming Rau
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Takafumi Sangai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ting Ying Ng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ling Ming Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Judith Bebchuk
- Department of Biostatistics, Puma Biotechnology Inc., Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mei Chieh Chen
- Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, CANbridge Pharmaceuticals Inc., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Jacoby TV, Chang MS, Thompson LL, Foreman RK, Reynolds KL, Chen ST. Histopathologically-confirmed lichenoid eruptions from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a retrospective cohort analysis. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1254-1256. [PMID: 34375436 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T V Jacoby
- University of Hawaii at Manoa John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Chang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L L Thompson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R K Foreman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Reynolds
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S T Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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8
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Thompson LL, Yoon J, Chang MS, Polyakov NJ, Pan CX, Chen ST, Wei EX, Charrow AP. Advanced care planning, code status and end-of-life care in patients with bullous pemphigoid. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:1246-1247. [PMID: 34184254 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L L Thompson
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N J Polyakov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C X Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E X Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A P Charrow
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Liu KX, Huang V, Chen CA, Elco CP, Chen ST, Stern RS, Wu PA. Longitudinal multicentre retrospective cohort study of treatment outcomes in extramammary Paget disease. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:219-221. [PMID: 33548065 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K X Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - V Huang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - C A Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C P Elco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R S Stern
- Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P A Wu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Thompson LL, Pan CX, Chang MS, Molina GE, Chen YB, Barnes JA, Chen ST. Alemtuzumab, total skin electron beam, and non-myeloablative allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in advanced sezary syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:e373-e375. [PMID: 33545747 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L L Thompson
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C X Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G E Molina
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y B Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J A Barnes
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Thompson LL, Chang MS, McCormack L, Polyakov N, Yoon J, Song H, Huang JT, Chen ST. Patterns of cutaneous immune-related adverse events in adults and children with advanced sarcoma: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:363-365. [PMID: 32894776 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L L Thompson
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M S Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L McCormack
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - N Polyakov
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Song
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Combined Dermatology Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J T Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Guo P, Feng JP, Feng C, Chen ST. [Research advances in gut flora and related diseases]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2019; 58:476-480. [PMID: 31159532 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Guo
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300222, China; Graduate School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300700, China
| | - J P Feng
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit(CICU), Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - C Feng
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit(CICU), Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - S T Chen
- Department of Cardiac Intensive Care Unit(CICU), Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin 300222, China
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13
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Lin YL, Chen ST, Gan LJ, Jiang L, Zhang WQ, Zen YB, Wang Z, Gao LQ, Liang XH, Ou QS, Yang B. [Performance of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight biotyper system in clinical bacteria identification]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 98:3607-3612. [PMID: 30486579 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2018.44.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the performance of MALDI Biotyper system in identification of clinically isolated pathogens so as to provide a new rapid identification method. Methods: Total 21 270 pathogens strains, isolated from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical Universityduring Nov. 2015 to Dec. 2016, were identified by VITEK-Ⅱ, API and MALDI Biotyper system, respectively.The isolated strains were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Results: The identification of common bacteria with MALDI Biotyper and phenotypic system is highly consistent (>95% and >90%). Among 43 strains of anaerobic bacteria, MALDI Biotyper could identify 90.7% bacteria to species level and 97.7% bacteria to genus level with the statistical significance(χ(2)=6.76, P<0.01), while phenotypic system only identified 65.1% bacteria to species and 69.8% bacteria to genus. Also, no statistical significance was shown for Trichosporon and Candida(P>0.05). MALDI Biotyper could identify 76% filamentous fungi and all of Actinomycetes, Nocardia, Mycobacterium and Legionella to genus level. Conclusions: MALDI Biotyper is an easy-performed, sensitive method for the identification of clinically isolated pathogens. Additionally, the pretreatment and reference database has the effect on identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
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Pan SY, Chen ST, Tang K, Li CX, Liu J, Ye J, Zhao WT. Age Estimation and Age-related Facial Reconstruction of Xinjiang Uygur Males by Three-dimensional Human Facial Images. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2018; 34:363-369. [PMID: 30465399 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To search age-correlated facial features and construct an age estimation model based on the three-dimensional (3D) facial images of Xinjiang Uygur males, and to structure individual face images of old age and young age. METHODS Pretreatment was performed to collect 105 3D facial images of Xingjiang Uygur males aged between 17-57 years by Artec Studio software. The facial images were transferred to high-density 3D dot matrix data by FaceAnalysis software, and each image could be represented with 32 251 vertexes. Central correction of the facial images was done and all the data were aligned to a standard coordinate frame by generalized Procrustes analysis (GPA). The age estimation model was established by partial least square regression (PLSR). Furthermore, the changes of age-correlated facial features were presented on the heat map of average face, and the reconstruction of facial images at different ages was performed based on this model. RESULTS With age, the average faces showed a series of changes including the nasolabial sulcus deepening, cheek sinking, cheekbone protruding and eye corner drooping. The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between estimated age and chronological age was 0.71. The mean absolute deviation (MAD) of age estimation was 6.37 years. The results of age estimation in >30-40 years group showed a best accuracy (MAD=4.27 years), and the deviations increased with age after 40 years. The composite facial images represented a significant result with age on facial morphological features and aging. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study reveal the age-correlated facial features and aging markers in Uygur population, which help to construct a reliable age estimation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Pan
- People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - S T Chen
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - K Tang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - C X Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - J Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - J Ye
- People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
| | - W T Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crime Scene Evidence Investigation and Examination, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Crime Scene Evidence Examination, Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing 100038, China
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Hsieh RW, Hsu TC, Lee M, Hsu WT, Chen ST, Huang HS, Hsieh AL, Lee CC. 4068Outcome and economic comparison for type B aortic dissection patients receiving open surgery, thoracic endovascular aortic repair, and medical treatment. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R W Hsieh
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - T C Hsu
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - M Lee
- Medical Wisdom Consultants Inc., Houston, United States of America
| | - W T Hsu
- Harvard Medical School, Epidemiology, Boston, United States of America
| | - S T Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Epidemiology, Boston, United States of America
| | - H S Huang
- National Taiwan University, Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
| | - A L Hsieh
- Albert Einstein Medical Center, Neurology, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - C C Lee
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan ROC
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Isakoff SJ, Rogers GS, Hill S, McMullen P, Habin KR, Chen ST, Bartenstein DW, Barry W, Overmoyer BA. Abstract OT2-04-01: An open label, phase II trial of continuous low-irradiance photodynamic therapy (CLIPT) using verteporfin for the treatment of cutaneous breast cancer metastases. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-ot2-04-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cutaneous metastases occur in approximately 20% of patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and can be highly symptomatic and distressing. Radiation therapy is frequently used, but progression often occurs quickly. Systemic therapies are also typically used, but also often result in limited benefit. Photodynamic therapy is a promising approach with encouraging results in small studies. Here we will evaluate a novel Continuous Low-Irradiance Photodynamic Therapy (CLIPT) system that emits 690nm LED via a handheld Power Pack attached to a single-use sterile Light Patch to deliver a total energy level of 20J/cm2. Verteporfin (Visudyne®) is a photosensitizer approved for ophthalmological use that, when combined with CLIPT, generates activated oxygen species which can destroy tumor cells with limited normal tissue reaction.
Methods
This open label, Phase 2 study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of CLIPT with verteporfin in 15 patients with cutaneous lesions from mBC. Patients will receive a single IV injection of Verteporfin on day 1. The 9x9cm Light Patch with an adhesive border is placed over the treatment site and attached to the CLIPT portable Power Pack. The patient turns the device on at home 6 hours after the Verteprofin injection and it automatically turns off after 24 hours. The patient then removes the Light Patch and returns to clinic on day 3. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (RR) at 3 weeks following CLIPT using a modified RECIST which accounts for nodular or diffuse plaque-like lesions. Response will be confirmed by independent dermatologist review. Secondary endpoints include RR at 2, 8 and 12 weeks, toxicity, and quality of life (using FACT-B and Brief Pain Inventory). A novel Participant Symptom Scale (PSS) will also be used in which the first 8 patients will list their most distressing symptoms from cutaneous metastases and score the severity of the symptoms from 1 to 10. The six most common symptoms among the first 8 patients will then be used in the PSS for the remaining 7 patients. The PSS will be assessed at baseline and at subsequent visits to explore any improvement in severity of symptoms after treatment with CLIPT. Patients who derive clinical benefit may be retreated up to 3 times to the same or different region. Eligible patients will have: cutaneous metastases from mBC with measurable disease by protocol defined modified RECIST 1.1, ≥ 1 line of prior systemic or local therapy for mBC, ≥ 14 days from prior systemic therapy or 60 days from radiation to target lesion, and no expectation for systemic therapy for ≥ 14 days after CLIPT. RR will be reported with 95% CI. With 15 patients, if ≥ 3 responses (RR ≥ 20%) are observed, the null hypothesis of RR ≤ 5% will be rejected. At the time of abstract submission, 4 patients have been accrued. Clinical Trials Reg: NCT02939274
Citation Format: Isakoff SJ, Rogers GS, Hill S, McMullen P, Habin KR, Chen ST, Bartenstein DW, Barry W, Overmoyer BA. An open label, phase II trial of continuous low-irradiance photodynamic therapy (CLIPT) using verteporfin for the treatment of cutaneous breast cancer metastases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-04-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- SJ Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - GS Rogers
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S Hill
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - P McMullen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - KR Habin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - ST Chen
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - DW Bartenstein
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - W Barry
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - BA Overmoyer
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA; Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Rogers Sciences, Beverly, MA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Cao S, Chen ST. A cross-sectional analysis of the effects of increased resident autonomy on practice patterns and patient satisfaction. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e316-e317. [PMID: 29444364 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cao
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S T Chen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Liu GX, Zhu JC, Chen XY, Zhu AZ, Liu CC, Lai Q, Chen ST. Inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by erythropoietin via activating ERK and P38 MAPK. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:6968-77. [PMID: 26125905 DOI: 10.4238/2015.june.26.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether erythropoietin (EPO) can inhibit adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the mouse bone marrow and its underlying mechanism. We separated and extracted mouse bone marrow MSCs and induced adipogenic differen-tiation using 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, insulin, and dexamethasone. Different concentrations of EPO were added to the cells and observed by Oil Red O staining on the 20th day to quantitatively analyze the degree of cell differentiation. mRNA expression levels of peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT enhancer binding protein α, and adiponectin were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the activity of PPARγ, extracellular sig-nal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) were determined by western blotting. EPO significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation of MSCs after 20 days and reduced absorbance values by Oil Red O staining without affecting proliferation activity. EPO downregulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ, CCAAT enhancer binding protein α, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponec-tin during adipogenesis and increased protein phosphorylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and PPARγ during differentiation. EPO downregulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ, CCAAT enhancer binding protein α, fatty acid binding protein 4, and adiponectin by increasing protein phosphor-ylation of ERK, p38 MAPK, and PPARγ during differentiation, which inhibited adipogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G X Liu
- Hematology Institute of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province, China
| | - J C Zhu
- Hematology Institute of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province, China
| | - X Y Chen
- Hematology Institute of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province, China
| | - A Z Zhu
- Hematology Institute of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province, China
| | - C C Liu
- Hematology Institute of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province, China
| | - Q Lai
- Hematology Institute of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province, China
| | - S T Chen
- Hematology Institute of Ji'nan University, Guangzhou City,Guangdong Province, China
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Turner WA, Chen ST, Wahn H, Lightbody LT, Bagnara JT, Taylor JD, Tchen TT. Trophic effects of MSH on melanophores. Front Horm Res 2015; 4:105-16. [PMID: 207587 DOI: 10.1159/000400355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Hwang GS, Hu S, Lin YH, Chen ST, Tang TK, Wang PS, Wang SW. Arecoline inhibits interleukin-2 secretion in Jurkat cells by decreasing the expression of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and prostaglandin E2. J Physiol Pharmacol 2013; 64:535-543. [PMID: 24304567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to explore the effect of arecoline on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion, the expression of alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs), prostaglandin E2(PGE2) protein, and IL-2 mRNA in human lymphocyte cells (Jurkat cell line). The IL-2 and PGE2 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expressions of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and α7-nAChRs were determined by Western blotting. The level of IL-2 mRNA was determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Arecoline, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly decreased IL-2 and PGE2 secretion by Jurkat cells incubated with 0 or 5 μg/ml 5 μg/ml PHA. PGE2 also significantly inhibited IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, reduced expression of PHA-induced ERK phosphorylation was observed in Jurkat cells treated with arecoline. PHA-enhanced IL-2 mRNA expression was also inhibited by arecoline. These results imply that arecoline inhibits the release of PGE2 and PHA-induced IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells and that these effects seem to occur, at least in part, either through the attenuation of ERK in conjunction with a decrease of PHA-induced IL-2 mRNA expression. These results imply that arecoline inhibits the protein expression of α7-nAChRs , the release of PGE2 and PHA-induced IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Hwang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Republic of China.
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Chen ST, Soo KL, Azriani AR, Van Rostenberghe H, Sakinah H. Nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice of teachers in rehabilitation centres in northern Malaysia. Malays J Nutr 2012; 18:185-205. [PMID: 24575666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Persons with disabilities (PWD) are susceptible to malnutrition. Caregivers or teachers in rehabilitation centres may not be adequately trained in nutrition management of PWD. The aims of this study were (i) to assess the nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice among teachers in community-based rehabilitation centres for PWD; and (ii) to evaluate changes in the nutrition knowledge and attitude of the teachers before and after exposure to a training workshop on nutrition management for PWD. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a guided self-administered Nutrition Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire on Persons with Disabilities (KAP-nOKU), among a convenience sample of 210 teachers. Forty-five of them further participated in a nutrition training workshop and completed the post-test evaluation on knowledge and attitude of the same measures. RESULTS At baseline, the teachers' average knowledge, attitude and practice scores were 13.80 +/- 3.73 for knowledge (below 50th percentile); 51.49 +/- 4.08 for attitude (above 75th percentile); and 48.08 +/- 3.61 for practice (between 50th and 75th percentile). There was significant positive correlations between knowledge and attitude (r=0.343, p<0.05), as well as between attitude and practice (r=0.147, p<0.05). After exposure to a 3-day nutrition workshop, significant improvements in the teachers' knowledge and attitude were observed, whereby teachers' knowledge score increased from 14.20 +/- 3.80 to 25.38 +/- 2.36 and from 51.16 +/- 3.97 to 55.20 +/- 4.41 for attitude (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Nutrition intervention was associated with improvement in short term knowledge and attitude of the teachers. Sustainable interventional strategies are needed to enhance the nutrition knowledge and skills of teachers of PWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chen
- Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - K L Soo
- Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - A R Azriani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - H Van Rostenberghe
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - H Sakinah
- Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Chang HC, Chen ST, Chien SY, Kuo SJ, Tsai HT, Chen DR. Capsaicin may induce breast cancer cell death through apoptosis-inducing factor involving mitochondrial dysfunction. Hum Exp Toxicol 2011; 30:1657-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327110396530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of breast cancer patients are resistant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy due to the down-regulation or lack of caspase-3 expression. Capsaicin was found to inhibit cancer cell growth in caspase-3-deficient human breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the growth-inhibitive effect of capsaicin and its mechanisms in human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and BT-20. The results showed that cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner in both the caspase-3-deficient and non-deficient cells through inducing cell apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in the S phase. Capsaicin significantly decreased mitochondria membrane potential, induced the cleavage of PARP-1, and decreased procaspase-7 expression in both cells. Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was distinctly released from mitochondria and translocated into the cytoplasm and nucleus in MCF-7 cells (52.9%), but not in BT-20 cells (2%) after treatment with 200 μM of capsaicin for 24 hours. Capsaicin inhibited breast cancer cell growth through inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. This apoptotic effect could be induced through the mitochondrial pathway, and PARP-1 subsequently cleaved by activation of caspase-7. The application of capsaicin in clinical therapy could be useful for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- HC Chang
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - ST Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - SY Chien
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - SJ Kuo
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - HT Tsai
- School of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - DR Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lai HW, Kuo SJ, Chen LS, Chi CW, Chen ST, Chang TW, Chen DR. Prognostic significance of triple negative breast cancer at tumor size 1 cm and smaller. Eur J Surg Oncol 2010; 37:18-24. [PMID: 21093206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to clarify the prognostic significance of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with a tumor size ≤ 1 cm. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with primary operable breast cancer with a tumor size ≤ 1 cm were enrolled at Changhua Christian Hospital and National Cheng-Kung University Hospital. Tumors negative for ER, PR, and HER-2 were classified as TNBCs and compared with tumors with any receptor positivity (non-TNBC) for disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS From 1995 to 2006, a total of 377 patients with tumor size ≤ 1 cm were enrolled. Compared with non-TNBC patients, TNBC patients with a tumor size ≤ 1 cm as a whole or in a lymph node-positive subgroup were not associated with a poorer 5-year DFS and CSS. In lymph node-negative patients (pT1a-bN0M0), TNBC was associated with a poorer 5-year CSS but not DFS. Compared with the hormone receptor-positive, HER-2-negative subgroup, TNBC was associated with poorer DFS and CSS. In the multivariate Cox regression hazard analysis, lymph node invasion was the most important cause of disease recurrence and cancer-specific death. CONCLUSION TNBC is very likely an independent risk factor in small (≤1 cm) node-negative invasive breast cancer. With tumors 1 cm and smaller, lymph node invasion was the single most important prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Lai
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao Street, Changhua, Taiwan
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Abstract
Studies of hyperfine shifts of lipid 31P resonances due to hydrated phospholipid inverted micelles in benzene are presented. Systems with distinct resonances from micelles containing no paramagnetic ions, and from micelles containing a single praseodymium(III) or a single europium(III) ion (and three nitrate counterions) have been generated. The addition of an ionophoric antibiotic from Streptomyces lasaliensis, lasalocid-A (X537A). causes both resonances to broaden and. with further additions, coalesce and eventually resharpen as a single line. Dilution of only the ionophore reverses these spectral changes. This is interpreted as a manifestation of dynamic NMR (DNMR. exchange broadening): i.e., that the ionophore catalyzes the equilibrium exchange of metal ions from micelle to micelle to the point where it becomes fast on the NMR time scale. This exchange is inhibited by protons or other competitive metal ions. We have simulated the spectra with a total lineshape analysis program and have thus extracted the average preexchange lifetimes for various concentrations of the antibiotic. We find a reasonably good first-order dependence on lasalocid-A concentration in each of several different experiments. This is in contrast to the higher order concentration dependences often observed by others using different techniques employing bilayer membranes. We favor a diffusional carrier mechanism involving surface aggregates of lasalocid-A for our process. This leads to the implication that a higher order concentration dependence found for a bilayer system arises from a different mechanism. The ionophore valinomycin does not catalyze rapid exchange in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of, New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Chen ST, Tang LM, Hsu WC, Lee TH, Ro LS, Wu YR. Clinical features, vascular risk factors, and prognosis for transient global amnesia in Chinese patients. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2007; 8:295-9. [PMID: 17895178 DOI: 10.1016/s1052-3057(99)80003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/1998] [Accepted: 01/22/1999] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient global amnesia (TGA) is an intriguing clinical syndrome that has not been studied in a series of Chinese patients. METHODS From 1989 to 1995, we observed 28 consecutive patients with TGA. Their clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcome were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS There were 13 men and 15 women with a mean age of 62 years (range, 39 to 76). The duration of amnesic attack ranged from 20 minutes to 24 hours (mean, 8 hours), with the majority (76%) of attacks lasting for 2 to 12 hours. In 9 (32%) of the 28 patients, the TGA was triggered by a potential precipitating factor including bathing, emotional stress, and headache. The most prominent symptom exhibited by patients during an attack was repetitive questioning, which occurred in 21 (75%) of the 28 patients. No focal neurological abnormality was noted during or after the attack. Electroencephalograms were obtained in 26 patients after experiencing TGA, which showed nonspecific findings in 6 patients and were normal in 20. In 21 patients who had cranial computed tomography scans, cortical atrophy was found in 5 (24%), focal infarction in 4 (19%), and the results were negative in 12 (57%). Hypertension was the predominant vascular risk factor (11 cases, 39%), then hyperlipidemia (7 cases, 25%), and smoking (3 cases, 11%). No vascular risk factor was found in 13 patients (46%). Recurrent TGA was found in 5 patients (18%), and stroke in 2 (7%). CONCLUSION Our study largely confirms the demographic pattern, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of TGA patients reported from the western countries. Although the cause is uncertain, TGA is a relatively benign entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chen
- Second Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wu YR, Chen CM, Hwang JC, Chen ST, Feng IH, Hsu HC, Liu CN, Liu YT, Lai YY, Huang HJ, Lee-Chen GJ. Interleukin-1 alpha polymorphism has influence on late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease in Taiwan. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2007; 114:1173-7. [PMID: 17458495 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-007-0726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory events may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and interleukin 1 (IL-1) may exert both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. We conducted a case-control study in a cohort of 493 PD cases and 388 ethnically matched controls to investigate the association of IL-1alpha C-889T and IL-1beta C-511T polymorphisms with the risk of PD. No significant difference in the genotype distribution of the analyzed polymorphisms was found between PD and controls. However, after stratification by age, individuals over 70 years of age carrying IL-1alpha-889 C/T genotype demonstrated a significant decrease in risk of developing PD (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.22-0.88, p = 0.021) and the decrease is strengthened by IL-1beta-511 T-carrying genotype (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.11-0.71, p = 0.008). Our data suggest that IL-1alpha, acting synergistically with IL-1beta, plays role in PD susceptibility among Taiwanese people older than 70 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Clarke DF, Chen ST, Dickinson AJG. The use of a dental implant as an abutment in three unit implant-tooth supported fixed partial denture: a case report and 32 month follow-up. Aust Dent J 2006; 51:263-7. [PMID: 17037895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2006.tb00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of dental implants and teeth as abutments in fixed partial dentures may offer advantages to both patients and practitioners in certain clinical situations. An implant-tooth retained prosthesis may reduce surgical intervention and cost to the patient. It may also mean that anatomical restrictions to the provision of an implant-retained fixed prosthesis may be overcome. In this case report, the steps in provision of a three unit implant-to-tooth fixed partial denture are described and the treatment planning and prognosis of a restoration of this type are discussed.
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Abstract
This study reviewed the clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Taiwanese patients from 1993 to 2001. Of the 75 MS patients with a mean age of onset of 35.6 +/- 12.6 years, the female-to-male ratio was 4.4 (61/14). In 42 (56%) optico-spinal MS (OS-MS) patients, the age of onset (37.6 +/- 11.1 years) tended to be older than conventional MS (C-MS) patients (33.1 +/- 14.1 years, P = 0.08). In 60 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens, raised IgG index (>0.7) and oligoclonal bands were noted in 26 (43.3%) and two (3.3%) cases, respectively. The frequency of raised IgG index was lower in OS-MS (31.3%) than in C-MS (57.1%, P = 0.07). The CSF total protein concentrations were significantly higher in OS-MS (64.5 mg/dL) than in C-MS (46.6 mg/dL, P = 0.047). The mean annual relapse rate was 54.1%, and was significantly higher within the first year (59.7%, P < 0.001). The mean annual relapse rate in OS-MS (62.7%) was significantly higher than in C-MS (41.2%, P=0.01). The differences in the annual relapse rate and total protein concentration in CSF between OS-MS and C-MS suggest probably two distinct immunopathogenesis. The higher first year relapse rate of MS patients in Taiwan may address the importance of early intervention with immunomodulatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chang
- Section of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taipei, Taiwan 10591
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32
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Hung SP, Hsu JR, Lo CP, Huang HJ, Wang JP, Chen ST. Genistein-induced neuronal differentiation is associated with activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases and upregulation of p21 and N-cadherin. J Cell Biochem 2006; 96:1061-70. [PMID: 16149052 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal differentiation in the mammalian CNS is driven by multiple events. When treated with retinoic acid (RA), hNTera-2 (NT-2) cells undergo postmitotic neuronal differentiation. Here, we show that a prolonged exposure of NT-2 cells with non-cytotoxic doses of genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor, induced differentiation of NT-2 cells. Additionally, genistein enhanced RA-induced neuronal differentiation by increasing the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) via phosphorylation at Thr183 and Tyr185 in 3-7 days. Meanwhile, genistein also upregulated N-cadherin and p21 (a Cdk inhibitor), but downregulated proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein (PCNA). MEK1/2 inhibitors, such as PD98059 and U0126, reduced RA-induced ERK1/2 activity, but could not block the genistein effects. Our observations indicate that genistein-induced neuronal differentiation is not dependent of the MEK-ERK signaling cascade. Instead, genistein-upregulated ERK activation is likely due to this chemical's direct effect on chromosome and gene transcription, rather than its inhibition on tyrosine kinases. Failure of inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by the MEK1/2 inhibitors PD98059 and U0126 suggests presence of an unknown activator for ERK1/2 in neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
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33
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Abstract
This study attempts to identify a suitable endogenous control gene for real-time RT-PCR in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Expression of seven common endogenous control genes (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), v-abl Abelson murine leukaemia viral oncogene homologue 1, beta-2-microglobulin, hypoxanthin phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1), phosphoglycerate kinase 1, peptidylprolyl isomerase A, and ribosomal protein, large, P0) in 18 heterogenous NSCLC tumour specimens, 10 normal lung tissues and six NSCLC cell lines were analysed by quantitative RT-PCR. The variances and correlation coefficients of cycle threshold (Ct) value of each control gene in three tissue groups and subgroups were compared. The difference and correlation coefficients between the Ct value for each control gene and the mean Ct value of the remaining control genes were calculated. The GAPDH gene transcript showed the least variance and linear regression analysis demonstrated that GAPDH and HPRT had the strongest correlation in pooled tumour and normal lung tissues. Furthermore, GAPDH expression value showed stringent correlation and had the lowest difference with the mean expression value of the remaining endogenous control genes. Among the seven common endogenous control genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is the most suitable for quantitative RT-PCR reaction in nonsmall cell lung cancer tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Liu
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fu-Hsing St., KweiShan, TaoYuan, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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34
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Wu YR, Fung HC, Lee-Chen GJ, Gwinn-Hardy K, Ro LS, Chen ST, Hsieh-Li HM, Lin HY, Lin CY, Li SN, Chen CM. Analysis of polyglutamine-coding repeats in the TATA-binding protein in different neurodegenerative diseases. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2004; 112:539-46. [PMID: 15365789 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-004-0197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 07/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion in the gene for TATA binding protein (TBP) has recently been described as causal for spinocerebellar ataxia type 17. The normal number of repeats has been considered to be 42 or less. An intermediate range with reduced penetrance has been assumed to be 43-47 CAA/CAG repeats. We examined this gene in 30 patients with autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA), 35 patients with sporadic ataxia, 11 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), 351 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), 105 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 291 controls with no history of neurodegenerative disease. Three patients (one with sporadic PD and two with AD) carrying more than 42 TNRs in the TBP gene were identified. This reveals that the phenotype associated with CAG/CAA expansion in the TBP gene may be heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Wu
- Second Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, 199 Tung Hwa North Road, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Wang CK, Wu YR, Hwu WL, Chen CM, Ro LS, Chen ST, Gwinn-Hardy K, Yang CC, Wu RM, Chen TF, Wang HC, Chao MC, Chiu MJ, Lu CJ, Lee-Chen GJ. DNA haplotype analysis of CAG repeat in Taiwanese Huntington's disease patients. Eur Neurol 2004; 52:96-100. [PMID: 15273431 DOI: 10.1159/000079938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2003] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the expanded CAG repeat and adjacent CCG repeat in 53 Huntington's disease (HD) patients and 172 unrelated normal subjects matched to the patients for ethnic origin. The range of the CAG repeat varied from 38 to 109 in the HD patients and from 10 to 29 in the control group. A significant negative correlation was found between the age at onset and the CAG expansion, with no significant influence of the adjacent CCG repeat on the age at onset by multiple regression analysis. Allelic association using CCG repeat and 2 flanking dinucleotide repeat markers within 150 kb of the HD gene revealed linkage disequilibrium for 2 of 3 markers. Haplotype analysis of 24 HD families using these markers identified 3 major haplotypes underlying 87.5% of HD chromosomes. The data suggested frequent haplotypes in the Taiwanese population on which one or more mutational events leading to the disease occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
An 18 year old man with congenital basilar invagination developed multiple lower cranial nerve (CN) palsies including CN IX to XII after a traffic accident. Computed tomography of his skull base revealed a two part atlas Jefferson fracture. Normally, lower cranial nerves (CN IX-XII) pass through a space between the styloid process and the atlas transverse process. Atlas burst fractures rarely cause neurological deficits because of a greater transverse and sagittal diameter of the spinal canal at the atlas, and a tendency of the lateral masses to slide away from the cord after injury. However, when associated with a rare condition-congenital basilar invagination-atlas fractures can compromise the space and make CN IX-XII more vulnerable to compression injury. This report discusses the correlation between the anatomical lesions and clinical features of this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Hsu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, 199 Tun Hwa North Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10591
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37
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Chen ST, Chuang JI, Wang JP, Tsai MS, Li H, Chang NS. Expression of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase WOX1 in the developing murine nervous system. Neuroscience 2004; 124:831-9. [PMID: 15026124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2003.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase WOX1, also known as WWOX or FOR, is a proapoptotic protein and a putative tumor suppressor. Hyaluronidases such as PH-20, Hyal-1 and Hyal-2 induce the expression of WOX1, and hyaluronidases and hyaluronan are involved in the embryonic development. In the present study, we document the expression of WOX1 in the developing murine nervous system. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that WOX1 was differentially expressed in early dividing cells from all three germ layers from embryonic to perinatal stages. In murine fetuses, WOX1 was present prevalently in the brainstem, spinal cord and peripheral nerve bundles, but its expression decreased after birth. In parallel, the expression of WOX1, as determined by Western blotting, was significantly reduced in the brain stem and spinal cord of adult mice. Notably, high levels of WOX1 immunoreactivity was observed in the neural crest-derived structures such as cranial and spinal ganglia and cranial mesenchyme during the late fetal stage. In the adult brain, WOX1 is abundant in the epithelial cells of the choroids plexus and ependymal cells, while a low to moderate level of WOX1 is observed within white matter tracts, such as axonal profiles of the corpus callosum, striatum, optic tract, and cerebral peduncle. WOX1 is shown to mediate apoptosis synergistically with p53 in vitro. Nonetheless, the expression profiles of WOX1 were found to be similar in both p53 wild type and knockout mice, suggesting that WOX1 expression is not controlled by p53-mediated gene transcription. Taken together, in this study we have shown the expression and distribution of WOX1 in developing and adult murine nervous system. The potential role of WOX1 in the neuronal differentiation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chen ST, Hsu JR, Hsu PC, Chuang JI. The retina as a novel in vivo model for studying the role of molecules of the Bcl-2 family in relation to MPTP neurotoxicity. Neurochem Res 2003; 28:805-14. [PMID: 12718432 DOI: 10.1023/a:1023298604347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To determine the roles of different members of the family of B cell lymphoma protooncogene (Bcl-2) in relation to neurotoxin-induced neuronal degeneration, the pattern of the expression of a number of molecules of the Bcl-2 family was studied immunocytochemically in the retinas of C57BL/6J mice after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Three days to 12 weeks after MPTP treatment, a detectable reduction of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the amacrine cells was observed, with an increase of Bcl-2 expression in the Müller glial cells, and a de novo expression of Bad and Bax in the retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve fibers and plexiform layers. In contrast, a slight decrease of Bcl-x(L) immunoreactivity in the retinal ganglion cells was observed, whereas Bcl-x(S/L) immunoreactivity was increased slightly in the retinas of MPTP-treated mice compared with that of the controls. In animals that received MPTP injection, an increase in immunostaining of GFAP, glutamine synthetase, and Mac-1 (CD11b) in astrocytes, Müller cells, and microglia was invariably observed, indicating an activation or dysfunction of retinal glial cells. These findings are consistent with the current view that glial dysfunction is important in mediating the cytotoxic effect of a variety of neurotoxic molecules, including MPTP, and that different members of Bcl-2 family may have different roles as far as neuronal degeneration or neuroprotection is concerned.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Graduate Institute of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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39
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Abstract
Traditional implant protocol specifies an unloaded healing period prior to restoration. Shorter healing times may be appropriate in some circumstances, and examples of early loading have been reported in the dental literature. This case report involves immediate implant placement at the time of tooth extraction, combined with construction of a restoration, inserted directly after implant surgery. The clinical procedures are described, and the specific indications which may permit this approach are presented.
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Cheng SS, Chang SM, Chen ST. Effects of volatile fatty acids on a thermophilic anaerobic hydrogen fermentation process degrading peptone. Water Sci Technol 2002; 46:209-214. [PMID: 12361012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen fermentation using glucose as a single substrate caused abrupt pH drops and the gradual losses of hydrogen producers, which in turn led to system failure. In this study the use of a proteinaceous substrate, peptone, avoided the abrupt pH drops in the reactive system and allowed for further exploration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and pH effects on the hydrogen fermentation process. Our results showed that: (1) during the hydrogen fermentation tests, the abrupt pH drops were avoided thus system stability increased due to the production of ammonia from the peptone fermented, (2) pH control was not necessary and the addition of acetate to the process had little effect on the hydrogen fermentation process, (3) at the extreme pHs the addition of acetate either lengthened the lag phase (pH < or = 6) or slowed the hydrogen production rate (pH > or = 8), and both situations were not desired, and (4) high VFA content in the system sped up the consumption of hydrogen gas. Results of this study suggested that the hydrogen fermentation using the protein-containing substances as substrate was beneficial in maintaining the system pH. As long as the pH was maintained around 6-8, system inhibition due to VFAs accumulation was minimized. Thus, the optimal operation of a hydrogen fermentation process would be achievable via the control of substrate composition at a certain carbohydrate-to-protein ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Cheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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41
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Small GW, Chen ST, Komo S, Ercoli L, Miller K, Siddarth P, Kaplan A, Dorsey D, Lavretsky H, Saxena S, Bookheimer SY. Memory self-appraisal and depressive symptoms in people at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001; 16:1071-7. [PMID: 11746653 DOI: 10.1002/gps.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A previous study found that subjective memory loss in middle-aged and older persons is associated with the major genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease, the apolipoprotein E-4 (APOE-4) allele. No previous study has focused on subjective memory complaints and depressive symptoms in the same subject population at genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease. METHOD Sixty-six persons (mean age = 64 years, range = 43 to 82 years) without major depression or dementia but with mild age-related memory complaints were rated for severity of depressive symptoms, using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and assessed for the presence of the APOE-4 allele. Severity of subjective memory loss was assessed using the Memory Functioning Questionnaire, which measures four memory domains: frequency of forgetting, seriousness of forgetting, retrospective functioning, and mnemonics usage. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were significantly associated with subjective memory loss in subjects without the APOE-4 allele, for retrospective functioning (perceived change in memory) and mnemonics usage, but not in APOE-4 carriers. The same significant associations were found when the analysis was limited to the 44 subjects in the mid-age range (55-74 years), wherein APOE-4 confers its greatest effects on risk for Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION These results confirm that mild depressive symptoms are related to subjective memory loss, but for some forms of memory complaint, the relationship holds true only for people without the major known genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Small
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, the Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, 90024, USA.
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42
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Abstract
The 24p3 protein is a 25 KDa glycoprotein, having been purified from mouse uterine fluid. Thr54, Ser88, and Thr128/Ser129 on the protein molecule were predicted to be the phosphorylation site of casein kinase II, protein kinase C, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase, respectively. Incorporation of phosphate to this protein from [gamma-32P]-ATP was tested in the solution suitable for the three kinases. Neither casein kinase II nor cAMP-dependent protein kinase reacted to the 24p3 protein; however, protein kinase C demonstrated phosphorylation to this protein. This phosphorylation may be competing with a polypeptide segment: Arg79-Tyr-Trp-Ilu-Arg-Thr-Phe-Val-Pro-Ser88-Ser-Arg-Ala-Gly-Gln-Phe-Thr-Leu-Gly97 in the 24p3 protein molecule. To support this theory, Ser88 is a phosphorylation site of protein kinase C on 24p3 protein. The enzyme kinetic parameter, based on the Michaelis-Menten equation, determined Km to be 2.96 microM in the phosphorylation of 24p3 protein by the kinase. Both of the phosphorylated and dephosphorylated form of 24p3 protein can enhance the cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in vitro. In addition, this experiment will show for the first time that serine-phosphorylated 24p3 protein exists in mouse uterine tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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43
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Chang MS, Huang CJ, Chen ML, Chen ST, Fan CC, Chu JM, Lin WC, Yang YC. Cloning and characterization of hMAP126, a new member of mitotic spindle-associated proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 287:116-21. [PMID: 11549262 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One novel gene product, hMAP126, was demonstrated to interact with p29 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. The full-length cDNA of hMAP126 has been obtained and encodes a protein of 1120 amino acids. Multiple tissue Northern blot analysis showed that hMAP126 was abundantly expressed in the testis. Polyclonal antiserum against hMAP126 was raised and affinity-purification of anti-hMAP126 antibodies was performed. The subcellular distribution of hMAP126 was localized to the mitotic spindle. Furthermore, hMAP126 was identified to be post-translationally modified and phosphorylated by p34(cdc2) kinase in vitro. Taken together, we have isolated a novel protein, hMAP126, which may be involved in the functional and dynamic regulation of mitotic spindles.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, 45 Ming-San Road, Tamshui, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang CM, Shui HA, Wu YT, Chu PW, Lin KG, Kao LS, Chen ST. Proteomic analysis of proteins in PC12 cells before and after treatment with nerve growth factor: increased levels of a 43-kDa chromogranin B-derived fragment during neuronal differentiation. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 92:181-92. [PMID: 11483256 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00118-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis is an important approach to characterizing the proteome and studying protein function in the post-genomic era. It is also a powerful screening method for detecting unexpected alterations in protein expression that may be missed by conventional biochemical techniques. The aim of this study was to perform a preliminary proteomic analysis of PC12 cells in order to investigate the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on protein expression in PC12 cells during neurite outgrowth. PC12 cell proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and visualized by silver staining, then certain proteins were identified by N-terminal amino acid microsequencing and a homology search of a protein sequence database. Over 400 proteins were detected, 10% of which showed a significant (greater than 30%) increase or decrease in expression during NGF-induced neuronal differentiation. Seven proteins in the 2DE map were identified; the levels of five of these were unaffected by NGF treatment, whereas the levels of the other two, beta-tubulin and a novel 43-kDa chromogranin B-derived fragment, were significantly increased by more than 30 and 200%, respectively. Our results suggest that chromogranin B processing is enhanced in PC12 cells during NGF-induced neuronal differentiation. In addition, since this increase in the levels of the chromogranin B-derived fragment was specifically blocked by PD98059, we suggest that the increased processing can be ascribed to activation of the MAP kinase pathway, and that the 43-kDa chromogranin B-derived fragment can serve as a new marker of neuronal differentiation for proteomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2 Yan-Chiu-Yuan Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Sinchaikul S, Sookkheo B, Phutrakul S, Pan FM, Chen ST. Optimization of a thermostable lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus P1: overexpression, purification, and characterization. Protein Expr Purif 2001; 22:388-98. [PMID: 11483000 DOI: 10.1006/prep.2001.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An expression library was generated from a partial NcoI and HindIII digest of genomic DNA from the thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus P1. The DNA fragments were cloned into the expression vector pQE-60 and transformed into Escherichia coli M15[EP4]. Sequence analysis of a lipase gene showed an open reading frame of 1254 nucleotides coding a 29-amino-acid signal sequence and a mature sequence of 388 amino acids. The expressed lipase was isolated and purified to homogeneity in a single chromatographic step. The molecular mass of the lipase was determined to be approximately 43 kDa by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry. The purified lipase had an optimum pH of 8.5 and showed maximal activity at 55 degrees C. It was highly stable in the temperature range of 30-65 degrees C. The highest activity was found with p-nitrophenyl ester-caprate as the synthetic substrate and tricaprylin as the triacylglycerol. Its activity was strongly inhibited by 10 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and 1-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride, indicating that it contains a serine residue which plays a key role in the catalytic mechanism. In addition, it was stable for 1 h at 37 degrees C in 0.1% Chaps and Triton X-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sinchaikul
- Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Peng H, Chen ST, Wergedal JE, Polo JM, Yee JK, Lau KH, Baylink DJ. Development of an MFG-based retroviral vector system for secretion of high levels of functionally active human BMP4. Mol Ther 2001; 4:95-104. [PMID: 11482980 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2001.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to develop a retroviral vector system that would produce secretion of high levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 by optimizing the expression construct and developing an improved retroviral vector. Replacement of the propeptide domain of BMP4 with that of BMP2 increased the secretion level of mature BMP4 protein in transduced cells. The intact BMP2 pro-peptide sequence was essential, as deletion of a small part of the propeptide sequence of BMP2 from the BMP2/4 hybrid construct diminished BMP4 expression and secretion. Addition of a hemaglutinin tag to the carboxy terminus of BMP4 abolished the bioactivity of secreted BMP4. Transduction of rat marrow stromal cells (and fibroblasts) with an MFG-based retroviral vector pseudotyped with VSV-G envelope containing this BMP2/4 hybrid expression construct led to secretion of very high levels of mature BMP4 in conditioned medium (up to 1 microg/10(6) cells/24 hours). The secreted BMP4 was biologically active, as it induced alkaline phosphatase expression in C2C12 cells. The transduced rat marrow stromal cells expressing mature BMP4 induced de novo ectopic bone formation in syngenic immune-competent rats. We have developed an MFG-based retroviral vector system that causes secretion of high levels of functionally active human BMP4 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Peng
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, and Musculoskeletal Disease Center (151), Jerry L. Pettis VA Medical Center, Loma Linda, California 92357, USA
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47
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Lee TC, Chen ST, Lee MC, Chang CM, Chen CH, Weng SF, Tseng YH. The early stages of filamentous phage phiLf infection require the host transcription factor, Clp. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2001; 3:471-81. [PMID: 11361081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris produces great amounts of an exopolysaccharide (EPS), xanthan gum. Eight eps loci involved in biosynthesis of the EPS were previously located in the chromosome map of strain Xc17. In this study, the eps8 region was cloned, sequenced and found to contain a crp homologue whose deduced amino acid sequence possesses similarity to that of the cyclic AMP receptor protein of bacteria, with the highest identity (97%) being shared with the X. campestris pv. campestris B-1459 clp gene previously shown to be involved in pathogenicity and regulation of the production of xanthan, extracellular enzymes, and pigment (de Crecy-Lagard V., Glaser P., Lejeune P., Sismeiro O., Barber C.E., Daniels M.J., and Danchin A., J. Bacteriol. 172:5877-5883, 1990). Based on sequence identity, pleiotropic effects of the mutation, the ability to complement an Escherichia coli cya crp mutant, and Southern hybridization detecting a single copy in the chromosome, we propose this eps8 gene to be the Xc17 clp. In addition to the previously reported properties, a clp mutant (AU56E) cannot be plaqued with filamentous phage phiLf, although it retains the capability to support phiLf DNA replication and release authentic phage particles upon electroporation of the RF DNA. Infective center assays demonstrated that the frequency of infection is 460- to 7,500-fold lower in AU56E compared to that in the wild-type Xc17. Electron microscopy, which showed no surface appendages other than the monotrichous flagellum, confirmed that AU56E drastically diminishes in the efficiency of phage adsorption. These results suggest Clp to be regulating the biosynthesis of the primary receptor, most likely a type IV pilus. Upstream to clp is a homologue of the E. coli speD gene required for spermidine synthesis. Mutation of the clp flanking regions and transcriptional analyses suggest clp to be monocistronic and the only gene contained at the eps8 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sinchaikul S, Sookkheo B, Phutrakul S, Wu YT, Pan FM, Chen ST. Structural modeling and characterization of a thermostable lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus P1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 283:868-75. [PMID: 11350065 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.4854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The moderate thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus P1 expresses a thermostable lipase that was active and stable at the high temperature. Based on secondary structure predictions and secondary structure-driven multiple sequence alignment with the homologous lipases of known three-dimensional (3-D) structure, we constructed the 3-D structure model of this enzyme and the model reveals the topological organization of the fold, corroborating our predictions. We hypothesized for this enzyme the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold typical of several lipases and identified Ser-113, Asp-317, and His-358 as the putative members of the catalytic triad that are located close to each other at hydrogen bond distances. In addition, the strongly inhibited enzyme by 10 mM PMSF and 1-hexadecanesulfonyl chloride was indicated that it contains a serine residue which plays a key role in the catalytic mechanism. It was also confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis that mutated Ser-113, Asp-317, and His-358 to Ala and the activity of the mutant enzyme was drastically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sinchaikul
- Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
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Abstract
It has been proposed that 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of ACC to ethylene via N-hydroxyl-ACC as an intermediate. However, due to its chemical instability the putative intermediate has never been isolated. Here, we have shown that a purified recombinant ACC oxidase can utilize alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB), an analog of ACC, as an alternative substrate, converting AIB into CO2, acetone, and ammonia. We chemically synthesized the putative intermediate compound, N-hydroxyl-AIB (HAIB), and tested whether it serves as an intermediate in the oxidation of AIB. When [1-(14)C]AIB was incubated with ACC oxidase in the presence of excess unlabeled HAIB as a trap, no labeled HAIB was detected. By comparing the acetone production rates employing HAIB and AIB as substrates, the conversion of HAIB to acetone was found to be much slower than that of using AIB as substrate. Based on these observations, we conclude that ACC oxidase does not catalyze via the N-hydroxylation of its amino acid substrate. ACC oxidase also catalyzes the oxidation of other amino acids, with preference for the D-enantiomers, indicating a stereoselectivity of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Charng
- Institute of BioAgricultural Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Abstract
A growing number of reports demonstrate that hypersialylation, which is observed in certain pathological processes, such as oncogenic transformation, tumor metastasis, and invasion, is associated with enhanced sialyltransferase (ST) activity. There is therefore a need for the development of ST inhibitors to modulate ST activity and thus alleviate the disease processes caused by STs. In the present study, soyasaponin I had been discovered to be a potent and specific ST inhibitor by screening strategy from 7500 samples including micribial extracts and natural products. Kinetic analysis shows that it is a CMP-Neu5Ac competitive inhibitor with for ST3Gal I with an inhibition constant (K(i)) of 2.1 microM. In addition, it is only active against ST, but not against the other tested glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. Our study is the first report to discover ST inhibitor by screening method and also to provide the new chemical structure information that should be useful in the development of other novel ST inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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