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Fuertes V, Grégoire N, Labranche P, Gagnon S, LaRochelle S, Messaddeq Y. Towards REPO 4 nanocrystal-doped optical fibers for distributed sensing applications. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12891. [PMID: 37558741 PMCID: PMC10412647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Rayleigh scattering enhanced nanoparticle-doped optical fibers, for distributed sensing applications, is a new technology that offers unique advantages to optical fiber community. However, the existing fabrication technology, based on in situ grown alkaline earth nanoparticles, is restricted to few compositions and exhibit a great dependence on many experimental conditions. Moreover, there is still several uncertainties about the effect of drawing process on the nanoparticle characteristics and its influence on the scattering enhancement and the induced optical loss. In this work, we shed light on all these issues that prevent the progress in the field and demonstrate the suitability of doping optical fibers with YPO4 nanocrystals for developing tunable Rayleigh scattering enhanced nanoparticle-doped optical fibers. An exhaustive 3D microstructural study reveals that their features are closely linked to the fiber drawing process, which allow the size and shape engineering at the nanoscale. In particular, the YPO4 nanocrystals preserve their features to a large extent when the optical fibers are drawn below 1950 °C, which allows obtaining homogeneous nanocrystal features and optical performance. Fabricated fibers exhibit a tunable enhanced backscattering in the range of 15.3-54.3 dB, with respect to a SMF-28 fiber, and two-way optical losses in the range 0.3-160.7 dB/m, revealed by Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR) measurements. This allows sensing lengths from 0.3 m up to more than 58 m. The present work suggests a bright future of YPO4 nanocrystals for distributed sensing field and open a new gate towards the incorporation of other rare-earth orthophosphate (REPO4) nanocrystals with pre-defined characteristics that will overcome the limitations of the current in situ grown alkaline earth-based technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fuertes
- Centre d'optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - N Grégoire
- Centre d'optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - P Labranche
- Centre d'optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - S Gagnon
- Centre d'optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - S LaRochelle
- Centre d'optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Y Messaddeq
- Centre d'optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Benoit P, Jolicoeur G, Point F, Soucy C, Normand K, Morency-Potvin P, Gagnon S, Kaufmann DE, Tremblay C, Coutlée F, Harrigan PR, Hardy I, Smith M, Savard P, Grandjean Lapierre S. On-demand, hospital-based, severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic epidemiology to support nosocomial outbreak investigations: A prospective molecular epidemiology study. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol 2023; 3:e45. [PMID: 36960087 PMCID: PMC10028942 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2023.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Objectives We evaluated the added value of infection control-guided, on demand, and locally performed severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic sequencing to support outbreak investigation and control in acute-care settings. Design and setting This 18-month prospective molecular epidemiology study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital in Montreal, Canada. When nosocomial transmission was suspected by local infection control, viral genomic sequencing was performed locally for all putative outbreak cases. Molecular and conventional epidemiology data were correlated on a just-in-time basis to improve understanding of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and reinforce or adapt control measures. Results Between April 2020 and October 2021, 6 outbreaks including 59 nosocomial infections (per the epidemiological definition) were investigated. Genomic data supported 7 distinct transmission clusters involving 6 patients and 26 healthcare workers. We identified multiple distinct modes of transmission, which led to reinforcement and adaptation of infection control measures. Molecular epidemiology data also refuted (n = 14) suspected transmission events in favor of community acquired but institutionally clustered cases. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing can refute or strengthen transmission hypotheses from conventional nosocomial epidemiological investigations, and guide implementation of setting-specific control strategies. Our study represents a template for prospective, on site, outbreak-focused SARS-CoV-2 sequencing. This approach may become increasingly relevant in a COVID-19 endemic state where systematic sequencing within centralized surveillance programs is not available. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05411562.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Benoit
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gisèle Jolicoeur
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Floriane Point
- Immunopathology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Soucy
- Infection Prevention and Control Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Normand
- Infection Prevention and Control Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Morency-Potvin
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Molecular Biology Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Immunopathology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Immunopathology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Immunopathology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - P. Richard Harrigan
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Immunopathology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrice Savard
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Immunopathology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Grandjean Lapierre
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Immunopathology Axis, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Molecular Biology Service, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Author for correspondence: Simon Grandjean Lapierre, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada. E-mail:
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3
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Gibbings A, Ray LB, Gagnon S, Collin CA, Robillard R, Fogel SM. The EEG correlates and dangerous behavioral consequences of drowsy driving after a single night of mild sleep deprivation. Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113822. [PMID: 35469778 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the behavioral, cognitive, and electrophysiological impact of mild, acute sleep loss via simultaneously recorded behavioral and electrophysiological measures of vigilance during a "real-world", simulated driving task. METHODS Participants (N = 34) visited the lab for two testing days where their brain activity and vigilance were simultaneously recorded during a driving simulator task. The driving task lasted approximately 70 mins and consisted of tailgating the lead car at high speed, which braked randomly, requiring participants to react quickly to avoid crashing. The night before testing, participants either slept from 12am-9am (Normally Rested), or 1am-6am (Sleep Restriction). RESULTS After a single night of mild sleep restriction, sleepiness was increased, participants took longer to brake, missed more braking events, and crashed more often. Brain activity showed more intense alpha burst activity and significant changes in EEG spectral power frequencies related to arousal (e.g., delta, theta, alpha). Importantly, increases in amplitude and number of alpha bursts predicted delays in reaction time when braking. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that a single night of mild sleep loss has significant, negative consequences on driving performance and vigilance, and a clear impact on the physiology of the brain in ways that reflect reduced arousal. SIGNIFICANCE Understanding neural and cognitive changes associated with sleep loss may lead to important advancements in identifying and preventing potentially dangerous sleep-related lapses in vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gibbings
- Sleep Research Unit, The University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - L B Ray
- Sleep Research Unit, The University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - S Gagnon
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - C A Collin
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - R Robillard
- Sleep Research Unit, The University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - S M Fogel
- Sleep Research Unit, The University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research at The Royal, Ottawa, K1Z 7K4, Canada; School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada; University of Ottawa Brain & Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Grandjean Lapierre S, Bedwani S, DeBlois F, Fortin A, Zamorano Cuervo N, Zerouali K, Caron E, Morency-Potvin P, Gagnon S, Nguissan N, Arlotto P, Hardy I, Boutin CA, Tremblay C, Coutlée F, de Guise J, Grandvaux N. Clinical Evaluation of In-House-Produced 3D-Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Testing. Viruses 2021; 13:1752. [PMID: 34578334 PMCID: PMC8473445 DOI: 10.3390/v13091752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
3D-printed alternatives to standard flocked swabs were rapidly developed to provide a response to the unprecedented and sudden need for an exponentially growing amount of diagnostic tools to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. In light of the anticipated shortage, a hospital-based 3D-printing platform was implemented in our institution for the production of swabs for nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal sampling based on the freely available, open-source design provided to the community by University of South Florida's Health Radiology and Northwell Health System teams as a replacement for locally used commercial swabs. Validation of our 3D-printed swabs was performed with a head-to-head diagnostic accuracy study of the 3D-printed "Northwell model" with the cobas PCR Media® swab sample kit. We observed an excellent concordance (total agreement 96.8%, Kappa 0.936) in results obtained with the 3D-printed and flocked swabs, indicating that the in-house 3D-printed swab could be used reliably in the context of a shortage of flocked swabs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on autonomous hospital-based production and clinical validation of 3D-printed swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Grandjean Lapierre
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Stéphane Bedwani
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - François DeBlois
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Audray Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Natalia Zamorano Cuervo
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Karim Zerouali
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Elise Caron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Philippe Morency-Potvin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Nakome Nguissan
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Pascale Arlotto
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
| | - Isabelle Hardy
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Catherine-Audrey Boutin
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - François Coutlée
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Jacques de Guise
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of System Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Université du Québec, Montréal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 rue Saint-Denis, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; (S.G.L.); (S.B.); (F.D.); (A.F.); (N.Z.C.); (K.Z.); (E.C.); (P.M.-P.); (S.G.); (N.N.); (P.A.); (I.H.); (C.T.); (F.C.); (J.d.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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5
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Labbé A, Benoit P, Gobeille Paré S, Coutlée F, Lévesque S, Bestman‐Smith J, Dumaresq J, Lavallée C, Houle C, Martin P, Mak A, Gervais P, Langevin S, Jacob‐Wagner M, Gagnon S, St‐Hilaire M, Lussier N, Yechouron A, Roy D, Roger M, Fafard J. Comparison of saliva with oral and nasopharyngeal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 detection on various commercial and laboratory-developed assays. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5333-5338. [PMID: 33851739 PMCID: PMC8251198 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The accurate laboratory detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a crucial element in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing on combined oral and nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS) suffers from several limitations, including the need for qualified personnel, the discomfort caused by invasive nasopharyngeal sample collection, and the possibility of swab and transport media shortage. Testing on saliva would represent an advancement. The aim of this study was to compare the concordance between saliva samples and ONPS for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 on various commercial and laboratory-developed tests (LDT). Individuals were recruited from eight institutions in Quebec, Canada, if they had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected on a recently collected ONPS, and accepted to provide another ONPS, paired with saliva. Assays available in the different laboratories (Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2, Cobas® SARS-CoV-2, Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct, Allplex™ 2019-nCoV, RIDA®GENE SARS-CoV-2, and an LDT preceded by three different extraction methods) were used to determine the concordance between saliva and ONPS results. Overall, 320 tests were run from a total of 125 saliva and ONPS sample pairs. All assays yielded similar sensitivity when saliva was compared to ONPS, with the exception of one LDT (67% vs. 93%). The mean difference in cycle threshold (∆C t ) was generally (but not significantly) in favor of the ONPS for all nucleic acid amplification tests. The maximum mean ∆C t was 2.0, while individual ∆C t varied importantly from -17.5 to 12.4. Saliva seems to be associated with sensitivity similar to ONPS for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by various assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie‐Claude Labbé
- Service de maladies infectieuses et de microbiologie, Département de médecine spécialiséeHôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont ‐ CIUSSS de l'Est‐de‐l'Ile‐de‐MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Patrick Benoit
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Sarah Gobeille Paré
- Service de microbiologie‐infectiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - François Coutlée
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Service de microbiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke ‐ CIUSSS de l'EstrieSherbrookeQuébecCanada
- Département de microbiologie et infectiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Julie Bestman‐Smith
- Service de microbiologie‐infectiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Jeannot Dumaresq
- Département des laboratoiresHôpital Hôtel‐Dieu de Lévis ‐ CISSS de Chaudière‐AppalachesLévisQuébecCanada
| | - Christian Lavallée
- Service de maladies infectieuses et de microbiologie, Département de médecine spécialiséeHôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont ‐ CIUSSS de l'Est‐de‐l'Ile‐de‐MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Claudia Houle
- Service de microbiologie‐infectiologie, Département de médecine spécialiséeCentre hospitalier affilié universitaire régional ‐ CISSS de la Mauricie‐Centre‐du‐QuébecTrois‐RivièresQuébecCanada
| | - Philippe Martin
- Service de microbiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke ‐ CIUSSS de l'EstrieSherbrookeQuébecCanada
- Département de microbiologie et infectiologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Anton Mak
- Département de médecine de laboratoireHôpital Charles Lemoyne ‐ CISSS Montérégie‐CentreGreenfield ParkQuébecCanada
| | - Philippe Gervais
- Département des laboratoiresInstitut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de QuébecQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Stéphanie Langevin
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Service de microbiologie‐infectiologie, Département de médecine spécialiséeCIUSSS du Centre‐Sud de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Mariève Jacob‐Wagner
- Service de microbiologie‐infectiologieCentre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec – Université LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Manon St‐Hilaire
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - Nathalie Lussier
- Département de médecine de laboratoireHôpital Charles Lemoyne ‐ CISSS Montérégie‐CentreGreenfield ParkQuébecCanada
| | - Ariane Yechouron
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Service de microbiologie‐infectiologie, Département de médecine spécialiséeCIUSSS du Centre‐Sud de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
| | - David Roy
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du QuébecInstitut national de santé publique du QuébecSte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQuébecCanada
| | - Michel Roger
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Département clinique de médecine de laboratoireCentre Hospitalier de l'Université de MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du QuébecInstitut national de santé publique du QuébecSte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQuébecCanada
| | - Judith Fafard
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du QuébecInstitut national de santé publique du QuébecSte‐Anne‐de‐BellevueQuébecCanada
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Benoit P, Labbé AC, Lalancette L, Gagnon S, Bonneau E, Lavallée C, Roger M, Fafard J, Dumaresq J, Beauchemin S, Coutlée F. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection with the Cobas® 6800/8800 system on gargle samples using two sample processing methods with combined oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab. J Med Virol 2021; 93:6837-6840. [PMID: 34324212 PMCID: PMC8426914 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Gargle samples have been proposed as a noninvasive method for detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. The clinical performance of gargle specimens diluted in Cobas® PCR Media and in Cobas® Omni Lysis Reagent was compared to oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab (ONPS) for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA. Study Design Participants were recruited prospectively in two COVID‐19 screening clinics. In addition to the ONPS, participants gargled with 5 ml of natural spring water split in the laboratory as follows: 1 ml was added to 4.3 ml of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) media and 400 μl was added to 200 μl of lysis buffer. Testing was performed with the Cobas® SARS‐CoV‐2 test on the Cobas® 6800 or 8800 platforms. Results Overall, 134/647 (20.7%) participants were considered infected because the ONPS or at least one gargle test was positive. ONPS had, respectively, a sensitivity of 96.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.3–98.5); both gargle processing methods were slightly less but equally sensitive (90.3% [95% CI: 83.9–94.3]). When ONPS and gargle specimens were both positive, the mean cycle threshold (Ct) was significantly higher for gargles, suggesting lower viral loads. Conclusion Gargle specimens directly added in PCR Media provide a similar clinical sensitivity to chemical lysis, both having a slightly, not significantly, lower sensitivity to ONPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Benoit
- Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Service d'infectiologie, Département de médecine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont-CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Linda Lalancette
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de St-Eustache, St-Eustache, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Service de biologie moléculaire, Département clinique de Médecine de laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Bonneau
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de St-Eustache, St-Eustache, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian Lavallée
- Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Service d'infectiologie, Département de médecine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont-CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Service de biologie moléculaire, Département clinique de Médecine de laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith Fafard
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Jeannot Dumaresq
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, CISSS de Chaudière-Appalaches, Lévis, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Beauchemin
- Service d'infectiologie, Département de médecine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont-CIUSSS de l'Est-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Département de microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Service de biologie moléculaire, Département clinique de Médecine de laboratoire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Boutin CA, Grandjean-Lapierre S, Gagnon S, Labbé AC, Charest H, Roger M, Coutlée F. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection from combined nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples by a laboratory-developed real-time RT-PCR test and the Roche SARS-CoV-2 assay on a cobas 8800 instrument. J Clin Virol 2020; 132:104615. [PMID: 32927356 PMCID: PMC7472968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although several assays have been developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in clinical specimens, their relative performance is unknown. METHODS The concordance between the cobas 8800 SARS-CoV-2 and a laboratory developed (LD) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was assessed on 377 combined nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs in Hanks medium. RESULTS The positive and negative agreement between these assays were 99.3 % (95 % CI, 97.3-99.9) and 77.1 % (95 % CI, 67.7-84.4), respectively, for an overall agreement of 93.6 % (95 % CI, 90.7-95.7) beyond random chance (kappa of 0.82, 95 % CI, 0.75-0.85). Of the 22 samples positive by cobas SARS-CoV-2 only, 9 were positive only for ORF-1 gene and had Cycle thresholds (Ct) > 35.1, 8 were positive only for the E gene with Ct > 35.5 and 5 were positive for both targets with Ct > 33.9. Samples positive only with the cobas assay were more often positive with only one gene target (77.3 %) than samples positive in both assays (16.9 %, p < 0.0001). Ct values in the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay were significantly higher in the 279 samples testing positive in both assays (32.9 %, 95 % CI 32.3-33.6) compared to the 22 samples with discordant results (36.6 %, 95 % CI 36.2-37.1; p = 0.0009). An excellent correlation (r2 = 0.98) was obtained between Ct values of the ORF-1 and E targets in the cobas assays and a good correlation was obtained between LD RT-PCR test and cobas SARS CoV-2 ORF-1 target (r2 = 0.82). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated an excellent concordance between a LD RT-PCR and the cobas SARS-CoV-2 tests on the 8800 platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine-Audrey Boutin
- Service de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire, Grappe Optilab Montréal-CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Grandjean-Lapierre
- Service de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire, Grappe Optilab Montréal-CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Service d'Infectiologie du Département de Médecine et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Service de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire, Grappe Optilab Montréal-CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Annie-Claude Labbé
- Service de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire, Grappe Optilab Montréal-CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Service d'Infectiologie, Département de Médecine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugues Charest
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Service d'Infectiologie du Département de Médecine et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Service de Biologie Moléculaire, Département Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire, Grappe Optilab Montréal-CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Service d'Infectiologie du Département de Médecine et Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Boyd DA, Lefebvre B, Mataseje LF, Gagnon S, Roger M, Savard P, Longtin J, Mulvey MR. Enterobacter sp. N18-03635 harbouring blaFRI-6 class A carbapenemase, Canada. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 75:486-488. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David A Boyd
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brigitte Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Laura F Mataseje
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrice Savard
- Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Longtin
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael R Mulvey
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Nosocomial Infections, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Gagnon S, Stinchcombe A, Curtis M, Kateb M, Polgar J, Porter MM, Bédard M. Driving safety improves after individualized training: An RCT involving older drivers in an urban area. Traffic Inj Prev 2019; 20:595-600. [PMID: 31329470 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1630826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to reproduce the results of a previous investigation on the safety benefits of individualized training for older drivers. We modified our method to address validity and generalizability issues. Methods: Older drivers were randomly assigned to one of the 3 arms: (1) education alone, (2) education + on road training, and (3) education + on road + simulator training. Older drivers were recruited from a larger urban community. At the pre- and posttests (separated by 4 to 8 weeks) participants followed driving directions using a Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system. Results: Our findings support the positive influence of individualized on-road training for urban-dwelling older drivers. Overall, driving safety improved among drivers who received on-road training over those who were only exposed to an education session, F(1, 40) = 11.66, P = .001 (26% reduction in total unsafe driving actions [UDAs]). Statistically significant improvements were observed on observation UDAs (e.g., scanning at intersections, etc.), compliance UDAs (e.g., incomplete stop), and procedural UDAs (e.g., position in lane). Conclusion: This study adds to the growing evidence base in support of individualized older driver training to optimize older drivers' safety and promote continued safe driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gagnon
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Stinchcombe
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
- b Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University (Ottawa) , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - M Curtis
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - M Kateb
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - J Polgar
- c School of Occupational Therapy, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - M M Porter
- d Centre on Aging, and Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - M Bédard
- e Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- f Centre for Applied Health Research, St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- g Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that computer games may be an efficient therapeutic tool in a cognitive rehabilitation program. 60 subjects who showed attention difficulties with or without cerebral dysfunctions participated in a 12-hr. training program based on intensive use of a computer game. Analyses show improvement for the experimental group on scanning and tracking variables, notwithstanding the nature of their particular dysfunctions. Recommendations are presented regarding the nature and content of the cognitive tasks in a rehabilitation program.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larose
- Ecole de Psychologie, Pavillon F-A. Savard, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Stinchcombe A, Yamin S, Paquet S, Gagnon S. PERFORMANCE AT INTERSECTIONS: ASSOCIATION WITH NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL DOMAINS IN DRIVERS WITH DEMENTIA. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Stinchcombe
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - S. Yamin
- Saint Paul University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - S. Paquet
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - S. Gagnon
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
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Gagnon S, Stinchcombe A, Kadulina Y, Mazer B, Rapoport M, Porter M, Marshall S, Vrkljan B. DOES SAMPLE ATTRITION DECREASE THE GENERALIZABILITY OF THE FINDINGS IN THE CANDRIVE II COHORT STUDY? Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gagnon
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - A. Stinchcombe
- Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada,
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Y. Kadulina
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - B. Mazer
- McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,
| | | | - M.M. Porter
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada,
| | - S. Marshall
- OHRI, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - B. Vrkljan
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Gagnon S, Stinchcombe A, Curtis M, Kateb M, Aljied R, Polgar J, Porter M, Bedard M. ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMPREHENSIVE DRIVING TRAINING PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULT DRIVERS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gagnon
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - A. Stinchcombe
- Lakehead University, Thunderbay, Ontario, Canada,
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - M. Curtis
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - M. Kateb
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - R. Aljied
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - J. Polgar
- University of Western, London, Ontario, Canada,
| | - M.M. Porter
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M. Bedard
- Lakehead University, Thunderbay, Ontario, Canada,
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Turmel J, Gagnon S, Bernier M, Boulet LP. Eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea and exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2015; 1:e000065. [PMID: 27900141 PMCID: PMC5117039 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common condition in endurance athletes. Exercise-induced vocal cord dysfunction (EIVCD) is a frequent confounder of EIB. The diagnosis of EIVCD may be challenging and can be missed as the problem is often intermittent and may only occur during intense exercise. Eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH) is the best test to detect EIB. This pilot study aimed to assess if EVH could be helpful in the diagnosis of EIVCD associated or not to EIB in athletes. METHODS A nasolaryngoscopy was performed during a 6 min EVH test, in 13 female athletes suspected to have VCD, aged 21±7 years. Image analysis was conducted by two Ear Nose and Throat surgeons in random order. RESULTS During the EVH, three athletes showed incomplete paradoxical vocal cords movement, without inspiratory stridor. However, 12 athletes showed marked supraglottic movement without inspiratory stridor. In two athletes, this supraglottic movement was severe, one showing a marked collapse of the epiglottis with an almost complete obstruction of the larynx by the arytenoid cartilage mucosa. In 3 of the 12 athletes with supraglottic movement, severe vibration of the mucosa covering the arytenoid cartilages was also observed. CONCLUSIONS EVH challenge in athletes can provide information on various types of glottic and supraglottic obstruction in reproducing laryngeal movements during hyperventilation. Our findings make us suggest that exercise induced upper airway obstructions should be named: Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO). Then, EILO should be divided in three categories: supraglottic, glottic (EIVCD) and mixed (glottic and supraglottic) obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Turmel
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) , Québec , Canada
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec , Québec , Canada
| | | | - Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ) , Québec , Canada
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Dumaresq J, Langevin S, Gagnon S, Serhir B, Deligne B, Tremblay C, Tsang RSW, Fortin C, Coutlée F, Roger M. Clinical prediction and diagnosis of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients with early Syphilis. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:4060-6. [PMID: 24088852 PMCID: PMC3838065 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01989-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of neurosyphilis (NS) is a challenge, especially in HIV-infected patients, and the criteria for deciding when to perform a lumbar puncture (LP) in HIV-infected patients with syphilis are controversial. We retrospectively reviewed demographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 122 cases of HIV-infected patients with documented early syphilis who underwent an LP to rule out NS, and we evaluated 3 laboratory-developed validated real-time PCR assays, the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay, the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS) assay, and the line immunoassay INNO-LIA Syphilis, for the diagnosis of NS from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of these patients. NS was defined by a reactive CSF-VDRL test result and/or a CSF white blood cell (WBC) count of >20 cells/μl. Thirty of the 122 patients (24.6%) had early NS. Headache, visual symptoms, a CD4 cell count of <500 cells/μl, and viremia, as defined by an HIV-1 RNA count of ≥50 copies/ml, were associated with NS in multivariate analysis (P = <0.001 for each factor). Blood serum rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titers were not associated with early NS (P = 0.575). For the diagnosis of NS, the PCR, FTA-ABS, TPPA, and INNO-LIA assays had sensitivities of 58%, 100%, 68%, and 100%, specificities of 67%, 12%, 49%, and 13%, and negative predictive values of 85%, 100%, 84%, and 100%, respectively. Visual disturbances, headache, uncontrolled HIV-1 viremia, and a CD4 cell count of <500 cells/μl were predictors of NS in HIV-infected patients with early syphilis, while blood serum RPR titers were not; therefore, RPR titers should not be used as the sole criterion for deciding whether to perform an LP in early syphilis. When applied to CSF samples, the INNO-LIA Syphilis assay easily helped rule out NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannot Dumaresq
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier Affilié Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis, Lévis, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Langevin
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Simon Gagnon
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bouchra Serhir
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Deligne
- Département de Médecine Interne et Vasculaire, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cécile Tremblay
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Raymond S. W. Tsang
- Division of Syphilis Diagnostics and Vaccine Preventable Bacterial Diseases, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Claude Fortin
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - François Coutlée
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Immunologie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Laboratoire d'Immunogénétique, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Woods-Fry H, Voloaca M, Collin C, Henderson S, Gagnon S, Grant J, Rosenthal T, Allen W. Peripheral Motion Contrast Thresholds as a Predictor of Older Drivers' Performance During Simulated Driving. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Gaudreau C, Ratnayake R, Pilon PA, Gagnon S, Roger M, Lévesque S. Ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among men who have sex with men, Canada, 2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 17:1747-50. [PMID: 21888811 PMCID: PMC3322076 DOI: 10.3201/eid1709.102034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2010, we observed isolates with matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns from 13 cases of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei in Montréal. We report on the emergence of this resistance type and a study of resistance mechanisms. The investigation suggested local transmission among men who have sex with men associated with sex venues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Gaudreau
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal-Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montreal, Québec, Canada.
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Gagnon S, Lévesque S, Lefebvre B, Bourgault AM, Labbé AC, Roger M. vanA-containing Enterococcus faecium susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin because of major nucleotide deletions in Tn1546. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2758-62. [PMID: 21926081 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the course of routine screening for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), we found six Enterococcus faecium isolates positive for vanA by PCR, but susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin by phenotypic testing. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic composition of the Tn1546 vanA gene cluster of these isolates. METHODS The E. faecium isolates were characterized by antibiotic susceptibility, PFGE and structural analysis of the Tn1546 elements. Plasmids extracted from these isolates were used to determine the presence of the Tn1546 vanA gene cluster by PCR and the genomic organization of the deleted Tn1546 element by primer walking DNA sequencing. RESULTS The vancomycin-susceptible vanA-positive E. faecium isolates showed three PFGE patterns, and were missing the vanR and vanS genes that are responsible for the activation of transcription of resistance genes. Primer walking sequencing revealed that these genes were completely deleted and that interruptions in the vanA cluster were in the vicinity of insertion sequence elements. CONCLUSIONS The presence of vancomycin-susceptible vanA-positive E. faecium in clinical samples results from major deletions in the Tn1546 vanA operon. Our findings support the essential role of vanR and vanS for the expression of resistance to vancomycin in enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gagnon
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to distinguish putative effects of parietal lobe lesions on script generation, in distinction from the better known and established effects of frontal lobe lesions. Nine patients, most with excised parietal lesions, were compared to nine age, gender and education matched normal participants. Eleven patients with excised tumors of the frontal lobe were compared to twelve age, gender and education matched normal subjects. Participants were requested to generate, out loud, scripts corresponding to everyday activities. Half the scripts were relatively more demanding with respect to temporal representation (understanding the time line of events) and the other half with respect to spatial representation (understanding the layout of the actions in space). These two conditions were further broken down into conditions of high and low demands on working memory (reciting the scripts backwards versus forward). The frontal lobe patients enunciated significantly fewer actions overall. They were also significantly more impaired than the normal participants on all tasks with high demands on working memory, and more often, high temporal demands (sequencing and perseverative errors). The parietal lobe patients had significant difficulty in sequencing in all conditions, and manifested no perseveration. Though script generation tasks have been primarily associated with frontal lobe function until now, consideration should be given to the type of activity being scripted as a function of relative demands on spatial or temporal representation, as well as working memory, and the contributions of other lobes ought to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Godbout
- Departement de Psychologie, Universite du Quebec a Trois-Rivieres, Trois-Rivieres, QC, Canada.
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Brenner BG, Lowe M, Moisi D, Hardy I, Gagnon S, Charest H, Baril JG, Wainberg MA, Roger M. Subtype diversity associated with the development of HIV-1 resistance to integrase inhibitors. J Med Virol 2011; 83:751-9. [PMID: 21360548 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We used genotypic and phylogenetic analysis to determine integrase diversity among subtypes, and studied natural polymorphisms and mutations implicated in resistance to integrase inhibitors (INI) in treatment-naïve persons (n = 220) and -experienced individuals (n = 24). Phylogenetics revealed 7 and 10% inter-subtype diversity in the integrase and reverse transcriptase (RT)/protease regions, respectively. Integrase sequencing identified a novel A/B recombinant in which all viruses in a male-sex-male (MSM) transmission cluster (n = 12) appeared to possess subtype B in integrase and subtype A in the remainder of the pol region. Natural variations and signature polymorphisms were observed at codon positions 140, 148, 151, 157, and 160 among HIV subtypes. These variations predicted higher genetic barriers to G140S and G140C in subtypes C, CRF02_AG, and A/CRF01_AE, as well as higher genetic barriers toward acquisition of V151I in subtypes CRF02_AG and A/CRF01_AE. The E157Q and E160Q mutational motif was observed in 35% of INI-naïve patients harboring subtype C infections, indicating intra-subtype variations. Thirteen patients failed raltegravir (RAL)-containing regimens within 8 ± 1 months, in association with the major Q148K/R/H and G140A/S (n = 8/24) or N155H (n = 5/24) mutational pathways. Of note, the remaining patients on RAL regimens for 14 ± 3 months harbored no or only minor integrase mutations/polymorphisms (T66I, T97A, H114P, S119P, A124S, G163R, I203M, R263K). These results demonstrate the importance of understanding subtype variability in the development of resistance to INIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bluma G Brenner
- McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
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22
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Cornut G, Gagnon S, Hankins C, Money D, Pourreaux K, Franco EL, Coutlée F. Polymorphism of the capsid L1 gene of human papillomavirus types 31, 33, and 35. J Med Virol 2010; 82:1168-78. [PMID: 20513080 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The L1 gene encodes for the major capsid protein of human papillomaviruses (HPV). There is limited information on the polymorphism of L1 for types related to HPV-16. This report explores the polymorphism of L1 in phylogenetically related types 31, 33, and 35 compared to HPV-16. Genital specimens collected from 732 HIV-seropositive and 323 HIV-seronegative women were screened for HPV DNA with consensus L1 PCR. Cervical samples positive for HPV-16 (n = 74), HPV-31 (n = 78), HPV-33 (n = 37), and HPV-35 (n = 58) were further characterized by PCR-sequencing of the complete L1 gene. The number of nucleotide substitutions within L1 ranged from 19 for HPV-33 to 52 for HPV-31. The ratio of the number of variants/number of isolates tested was higher for HPV-31 (56.4%, P = 0.05) and HPV-35 (60.3%, P = 0.04) compared to HPV-16 (40.5%), while this ratio was lower for HPV-33 (24.3%), although not significantly (P = 0.14). The maximal distance between HPV variants was greater in the five putative surface-exposed loops of L1 than in sequences outside the loops (P < 0.01). Synonymous variations were encountered in 1.7% (95% CI 1.1-2.3) of nucleotides inside the L1 loops and 2.4% (95% CI1.2-3.7) of nucleotides outside the L1 loops. Non-synonymous variations were encountered in 1.8% (95% CI 1.1-2.5) of nucleotides within the L1 loops and 0.2% (95% CI 0-0.4) of nucleotides outside the loops. dN/dS ratios were below 1.0 in extra-loop and intra-loop regions, but they were lower in extra-loop regions. These results suggest that sequences within and outside the hypervariable loops of L1 were under selective constraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Cornut
- Centre de Recherche and Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gaudreau C, Lecours R, Ismaïl J, Gagnon S, Jetté L, Roger M. Prosthetic hip joint infection with a Streptococcus agalactiae isolate not susceptible to penicillin G and ceftriaxone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 65:594-5. [PMID: 20022939 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sui Y, Zhu Q, Gagnon S, Dzutsev A, Terabe M, Vaccari M, Venzon D, Klinman D, Strober W, Kelsall B, Franchini G, Belyakov IM, Berzofsky JA. P19-50 LB. Role of vaccine-induced innate and adaptive immunity in controlling mucosal transmission of SIV in macaques. Retrovirology 2009. [PMCID: PMC2767931 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-s3-p414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Godbout L, Fiola M, Braun CMJ, Gagnon S. Cognitive Structure and Real Life Implementation of Scripts in Late Adulthood. Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/j148v23n01_03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Coutlée F, Trottier H, Gagnon S, Koushik A, Richardson H, Roger M, Ferenczy AS, Franco EL. Low-risk human papillomavirus type 6 DNA load and integration in cervical samples from women with squamous intraepithelial lesions. J Clin Virol 2009; 45:96-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gagnon S, Lensel-Corbeil G, Duquesnoy B. Multicenter multidisciplinary training program for chronic low back pain: French experience of the Renodos back pain network (Réseau Nord-Pas-de-Calais du DOS). Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2009; 52:3-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bélanger E, Bernier M, Bérubé JP, Gagnon S, Côté D, Vallée R. Purely axial compression of fiber Bragg gratings embedded in a highly deformable polymer. Appl Opt 2008; 47:652-655. [PMID: 18268776 DOI: 10.1364/ao.47.000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a tuning device for fiber Bragg gratings with a wavelength tuning range in excess of 65 nm. A purely axial tuning technique using a highly deformable polymer molded in a cylinder shape is used to embed a fiber Bragg grating and to achieve a wavelength tuning range from 1551.7 to 1485.5 nm. The tuning curve is highly linear with a tuning rate of 9.6 nm for every percent of applied strain. The insertion losses of the device, the variations of the full width at half maximum, and the stability of the Bragg wavelength over a working day have been studied and shown to be less than 0.02 dB, 0.14, and 0.2 nm, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bélanger
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada.
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Gagnon S, Hankins C, Money D, Pourreaux K, Franco E, Coutlée F. Polymorphism of the L1 capsid gene and persistence of human papillomavirus type 52 infection in women at high risk or infected by HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2007; 44:61-5. [PMID: 17075388 DOI: 10.1097/01.qai.0000247226.45375.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
HIV-seropositive women are at increased risk for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which causes high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs). HPV-52 is a frequent HPV type in Canadian HIV-seropositive women. Because variations of the capsid gene, designated the L1 gene, could elicit immune responses that result in different efficiencies in eliminating HPV, we described HPV-52 polymorphism and assessed whether it was associated with HPV-52 persistence in 114 women at risk or infected by HIV. Nonsynonymous variations were more frequent in the 5 putative hypervariable regions (exposed loops of L1 protein) (10 [3.2%] variations over 311 nucleotides) than in nonvariable regions (4 [0.3%] variations over 1278 nucleotides; P < 0.0001). Synonymous variations were distributed evenly between hypervariable regions (10 [3.2%] variations over 311 nucleotides) and nonvariable regions (46 [3.6%] variations over 1278 nucleotides; P = 0.88). Nonprototype (nonreference) L1 variants were detected more frequently in women of African descent (24 [60.0%] of 40 women) than in white women (23 [37.1%] of 62 women, odds ratio = 2.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 5.81; P = 0.03). In contrast to previous findings that polymorphism in the long control region (LCR) was associated with HPV-52 persistence, L1 capsid variations were not associated with persistence (P = 0.45). L1 variations are unlikely to predispose to HPV-52 persistence and thus do not help to identify women at greater risk for HSILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gagnon
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche and Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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30
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Khouadri S, Villa LL, Gagnon S, Koushik A, Richardson H, Matlashewski G, Roger M, Ferenczy AS, Franco EL, Coutlée F. Viral load of episomal and integrated forms of human papillomavirus type 33 in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:2674-81. [PMID: 17708553 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The association between total and integrated HPV-33 DNA loads and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) of the uterine cervix was investigated. Of 5,347 women recruited in 4 studies, 89 (64 without SIL, 7 low-grade SIL (LSIL), 15 HSIL, 3 unknown grade) were infected by HPV-33. HPV-33 E6, HPV-33 E2 and beta-globin DNA were measured with real-time PCR that allowed to assess total (E6), episomal (E2) and integrated (E6-E2) HPV-33 viral loads. HPV-33 E6/E2 ratios >/=>/=2.0 suggesting the presence of integrated HPV-33 were obtained for 28.6% (n = 18) of women without SIL and 21.4% (n = 3) of women with HSIL (p = 0.74). Although median viral loads were similar, there was a trend toward having a greater proportion of women with HSIL in the fourth quartile (>/=>/=10(6.69) copies/mug DNA) of total HPV-33 viral loads compared to normal women. Controlling for age, site, ethnicity and LCR polymorphism by logistic regression, HPV-33 total loads in the fourth quartile {odds ratio (OR) 4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-17.3]; p = 0.03} and episomal loads in the fourth quartile (>/=>/=10(6.64) copies/mug DNA) [OR 3.9 (95% CI 1.1-13.2); p = 0.05] but not integrated HPV-33 load in the fourth quartile [OR 1.0 (95% CI 0.3-3.3); p = 0.50] were associated with HSIL. Controlling for age, study site and SIL grade, HPV-33 episomal load [OR 0.2 (95% CI 0.1-0.5), p = 0.0004] was associated with the presence of HPV-33 integration. High episomal loads in HSIL and the presence of integration in women without SIL are likely to weaken the usefulness of HPV load of integrated forms in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Khouadri
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire du Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Khouadri S, Villa LL, Gagnon S, Koushik A, Richardson H, Ferreira S, Tellier P, Simao J, Matlashewski G, Roger M, Franco EL, Coutlée F. Human Papillomavirus Type 33 Polymorphisms and High‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Uterine Cervix. J Infect Dis 2006; 194:886-94. [PMID: 16960775 DOI: 10.1086/507431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the association between polymorphisms of human papillomavirus (HPV)-33 and squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). METHODS Endocervical specimens from 89 women infected with HPV-33, out of a total of 5347 recruited for 2 case-control and 2 cohort studies, were further analyzed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the long control region (LCR), E6, and E7. RESULTS Of the 89 samples, 64 were normal, 7 had low-grade SILs (including 3 determined by histopathologic analysis), 15 had high-grade SILs (HSILs, including 14 determined by histopathologic analysis), and 3 had an unknown diagnosis. Non-prototype-like LCR variants were significantly associated with HSILs (age- and study site-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 9.2 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.8-45.9]). The C7732G variation, which results in the loss of a putative binding site for the cellular upstream stimulatory factor, was associated with HSILs (age- and site-adjusted OR, 8.0 [95% CI, 1.5-42.8]). E6 and E7 polymorphisms were not associated with HSILs. Samples collected at 6-month intervals from 14 participants contained the same variant. The HPV-33 MT 1-0-0 variant carrying the G7584A variation was detected more frequently in women from Brazil (7/20 [35%]) than in women from Canada (1/65 [1.5%]; P=.001). CONCLUSION Intratypic LCR variants of HPV-33 seem to vary geographically and to differ with respect to their oncogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Khouadri
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire du Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Notre-Dame du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal (Quebec), Canada
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Alotaibi L, Provost N, Gagnon S, Franco EL, Coutlée F. Diversity of cutaneous human papillomavirus types in individuals with and without skin lesion. J Clin Virol 2006; 36:133-40. [PMID: 16678481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2005] [Revised: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 02/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) is ubiquitous on the skin of normal and immunosuppressed hosts. OBJECTIVE We describe the diversity of HPV types in skin specimens using PCR-sequencing directly and after cloning with FAP59/64 or HVP2/B5 primers. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of skin swabs. RESULTS Seventy-five (92.6%) of 81 subjects provided samples that could be analysed with PCR (34 healthy controls <50 years old, 13 healthy controls > or =50 years old, 12 with actinic keratosis (AK), 8 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 8 renal transplant recipients). HPV DNA was detected more frequently with FAP59/64 (68/75, 91%) than with HVP2/B5 (9/75, 12%) (p<0.001). Agreement of typing results using FAP59/64 primers with both sequencing strategies was fair (mean kappa 0.56+/-0.19, 95% CI: 0.46-0.65). HPV species 1 and 2 of the beta-papillomavirus genus were associated with the presence of AK (OR=24.8, 95% CI: 2.3-262.6). A greater number of HPV types per sample was found in individuals with AK or SCC (p=0.046) or AK alone (p=0.02), than in healthy participants. CONCLUSION HPV infection on the skin is best evaluated with a combination of primers and sequencing strategies. Novel putative types were frequently detected in SCC. Skin lesions have a greater number of HPV types than normal skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Alotaibi
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche, Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, et Medecine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que., Canada H2L 4M1
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Godbout L, Grenier MC, Braun CMJ, Gagnon S. Cognitive structure of executive deficits in patients with frontal lesions performing activities of daily living. Brain Inj 2006; 19:337-48. [PMID: 16094781 DOI: 10.1080/02699050400005093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Executive function in activities of daily living (ADL) were investigated in 10 patients with excised frontal lobe tumours. METHOD The patients with frontal lesions were compared to 10 normal controls with a neuropsychological test battery, a script generation task and a realistic implementation of complex multi-task ADL (planning and preparing a meal). RESULTS The patients manifested numerous basic executive deficits on the paper-pencil tests, were unimpaired on the script generation task despite an aberrant semantic structure and manifested marked anomalies in the meal preparation task. CONCLUSION Frontal lobe deficits in lengthy complex multi-task ADL can be explained by impairment of several executive functions, generalized slowness of performance and paucity of behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Godbout
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département de psychologie, Laboratoire de neuropsychologie expérimentale et comparée, Québec, Canada
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Macarthur A, Gagnon S, Kingdom J, Tureanu L, Dasan J, Downey K. Breech presentation: RCT of IV remifentalanil for ECV attempt. Can J Anaesth 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03023229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Fontaine J, Hankins C, Mayrand MH, Lefevre J, Money D, Gagnon S, Rachlis A, Pourreaux K, Ferenczy A, Coutlée F. High levels of HPV-16 DNA are associated with high-grade cervical lesions in women at risk or infected with HIV. AIDS 2005; 19:785-94. [PMID: 15867492 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000168972.65304.6b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between levels of episomal and integrated human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA and the grade of cervical disease. DESIGN Cross-sectional data were obtained from a cohort of women with and without HIV infection and with high-risk sexual behaviour. METHODS Episomal and integrated HPV-16 DNA loads were measured in cervicovaginal lavages collected from 75 women (58 HIV seropositive, 17 HIV seronegative) using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, controlling for cell content and the presence of inhibitors. RESULTS HPV-16 viral loads were significantly higher in women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (n = 6) than in women with normal cytology (n = 44), whether total (10(8.28) versus 10(5.10) HPV-16 DNA copies/microg DNA), episomal (10(7.99) versus 10(4.61)) or integrated (10(7.95) versus 10(4.77)) HPV-16 viral loads were measured (P < 0.02 for each comparison). Thirty-nine women had colposcopy [11 normal cervix, 16 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, six CIN 2, six CIN 3] and 24 additional women had three consecutive normal cytology smears. Controlling for age, race, CD4 cell count and HIV status, total (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.2-10.4; P = 0.02), episomal (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.4; P = 0.02,) and integrated (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1-2.6; P = 0.05) HPV-16 DNA loads were significantly associated with CIN 2,3, but the differences between CIN 1 and CIN 2,3 were not significant (P > 0.06). A greater amount of cellular DNA was collected from women with CIN 2,3 (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION Higher HPV-16 DNA loads are associated with cervical lesions detected by either histology or cytology. No additional information is gained by measuring integrated or episomal over total HPV-16 DNA loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Fontaine
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gagnon S, Hankins C, Tremblay C, Pourreaux K, Forest P, Rouah F, Coutlée F. Polymorphism of human papillomavirus type 31 isolates infecting the genital tract of HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women at risk for HIV infection. J Med Virol 2004; 75:213-21. [PMID: 15602735 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The genomic polymorphism of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) for types other than 16 has not been extensively described. We describe here the genomic polymorphism of high-risk HPV type 31 in 79 women (62 HIV-seropositive, 17 HIV-seronegative) by PCR-sequencing of the long control region (LCR), E6 and E7. LCR polymorphism was generated by 25 (6.4%) single-nucleotide variations over 391 bases. Each variant compared to the prototype contained from 2 to 13 variations (mean of 9.4 +/- 3.3, median of 10). Considering the number of variation sites in each region of HPV genome, the LCR was more variable than E6 (13 over 496 nucleotide (nt), P=0.03) and E7 (9 over 296 nt, P=0.03). Non-synonymous nucleotide variations were found in 31 (75.6%) of 41 isolates and were observed at six positions in E6. Each of the 8 HPV-31 E7 variants contained from 2 to 5 mutations (mean of 4.29 +/- 1.11, median of 5) compared to the prototype. Three non-synonymous E6 and E7 variations were within cysteine arrays. The LCR prototype was significantly over-represented in Caucasian women (14 (25%) of 56) compared to women of African descent (0 (0%) of 15 women, P=0.03). Four (23.5%) of 17 women with persistent versus 6 (25.0%) of 24 women with transient infections were infected by the prototype (P=1.00). HPV-31 LCR was more polymorphic than oncogenes and was associated with ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gagnon
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gagnon S, Hankins C, Tremblay C, Forest P, Pourreaux K, Coutlée F. Viral polymorphism in human papillomavirus types 33 and 35 and persistent and transient infection in the genital tract of women. J Infect Dis 2004; 190:1575-85. [PMID: 15478061 DOI: 10.1086/424854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2004] [Accepted: 05/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphism in human papillomavirus (HPV)-33 and -35 was investigated in 1055 sexually active women (732 human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] seropositive and 323 HIV seronegative). METHODS Consecutive genital specimens obtained at 6-month intervals were screened for HPV-33 and -35 by use of MY09-MY11. HPV-33 and -35 isolates from 95 women were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the long control region (LCR), E6, and E7. RESULTS For HPV-33, 101 (20%) of 506 nucleotides in the LCR were variable, compared with 10 (2.1%) of 483 nucleotides in E6 (P<.001) and 6 (1.9%) of 324 nucleotides in E7 (P<.001). For HPV-35, the proportion of variable nucleotide sites was similar between the LCR and both E6 (P=.54) and E7 (P=.33). The presence of a 78-base pair deletion in HPV-33 (relative risk [RR], 1.8 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.7]) and the presence of nonsynonymous E7 variations in HPV-35 (RR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.4-4.6]) were associated with persistence. When the data for HPV-33 and -35 were combined, infection by HPV isolates with nonsynonymous E7 variations (RR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.6-3.4]; P=.001) and ethnicity (P=.04) were associated with persistence, whereas age (P = .14) and HIV infection/CD4 cell count status (P=.12) were not significantly associated with persistence, by logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION HPV-33 and -35 polymorphism was different between types and was associated with persistence of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Gagnon
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Doan VD, Gagnon S, Joseph V. Prenatal blockade of estradiol synthesis impairs respiratory and metabolic responses to hypoxia in newborn and adult rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 287:R612-8. [PMID: 15142837 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00627.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that estradiol modifies respiratory control in pregnant rats and participates in the development of respiratory chemoreflexes in fetuses. Pregnant rats (n = 12) received daily subcutaneous injections of vehicle (Veh, n = 6) or 4-androsten-4-ol-3,17-dione acetate (ATD; inhibitor of estradiol synthesis; n = 6; 5 mg/day in vehicle) from gestational day 16 (G16) to delivery. Baseline ventilation (whole body plethysmography) and metabolic rate [oxygen consumption (Vo(2))] were determined at G14 and G20, in pups [on postnatal day 3 (P3) and P20] and in adult rats (on P70) born to Veh- or ATD-treated mothers. Hypoxic chemoreflex was assessed in P3 rats by acute exposure to 60% O(2) and in P20 or P70 rats by moderate hypoxia (12% O(2), 30 min). ATD treatment reduced circulating estradiol in pregnant dams at G20 without producing changes in the circulating level of estradiol precursors (testosterone and androstenedione). ATD-treated dams showed impaired respiratory adjustment to late gestation. Pups born to ATD mothers had higher resting Vo(2) (+23% at P3, +21% at P20), respiratory frequency (+15% at P3, +12% at P20), and minute ventilation (+11% at P3, +18% at P20) than pups from Veh mothers. Respiratory decrease during acute hyperoxic exposure at P3 was -9.7% in Veh (P < 0.05 vs. room air) and only -2.6% (P = not significant) in ATD pups. In P20 ATD rats, hypoxic ventilatory response was attenuated compared with Veh. In P20 and P70 rats, the drop of Vo(2) in hypoxia (-31% in P70, P < 0.0001) was not observed in ATD rats. We conclude that estradiol secreted during late gestation is necessary for respiratory adjustment to pregnancy and is required for adequate development of respiratory and metabolic control in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, Laval University, Centre de Recherche CHUQ, Hôpital St. François d'Assise, Local D0-711, 10 Rue de l'Espinay, G1L 3L5 Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Valastro B, Cossette J, Lavoie N, Gagnon S, Trudeau F, Massicotte G. Up-regulation of glutamate receptors is associated with LTP defects in the early stages of diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2002; 45:642-50. [PMID: 12107744 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-002-0818-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2001] [Revised: 12/17/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies involving electrophysiology and immunolabelling indicate that short-term insulin treatment of hippocampal neurons in culture induces changes in glutamate receptor function, suggesting that this receptor system can be altered on a relatively rapid time scale during diabetic conditions. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined whether brain glutamate receptors and long-term potentiation are altered in the early stages of diabetes mellitus in non-obese diabetic mice, a genetic model of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. METHODS In vitro receptor autoradiography and immunoblotting were used to study the impact of diabetes on brain glutamate receptors. From an electrophysiological point of view, field potential recordings were also examined in area CA1 of hippocampal slices to determine the influence of diabetes on long-term potentiation. RESULTS Quantitative autoradiographic analysis revealed enhanced 3H-glutamate binding to several brain regions of diabetes mice, with maximal increases in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Saturation kinetics within the cerebral cortex disclosed that this change of 3H-glutamate was possibly due to an increase in the maximal number of N-methyl- D-aspartate binding sites, an interpretation that was corroborated by Western blot analysis of N-methyl- D-aspartate 2A subunits. Impairment in the expression of hippocampal long-term potentiation was also observed in diabetic mice, while the failure to elicit synaptic potentiation was prevented by insulin treatment. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Because glutamate receptors are thought to be involved in several degenerative processes, our results suggest that up-regulation of these receptors in the early stages of diabetes could represent an important mechanism underlying neurological complications within the brain of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Valastro
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivieres, Canada
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Coates AL, Dinh L, MacNeish CF, Rollin T, Gagnon S, Ho SL, Lands LC. Accounting for radioactivity before and after nebulization of tobramycin to insure accuracy of quantification of lung deposition. J Aerosol Med 2001; 13:169-78. [PMID: 11066020 DOI: 10.1089/jam.2000.13.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability to predict drug deposition of inhaled drugs used in cystic fibrosis (CF) is important if there is a need to target specific doses of drug to the lungs of individual patients. The gold standard of measuring pulmonary deposition is the quantification of an aerosolized radiolabel either mixed with the drug solution or tagged directly to the compound of interest. Accuracy of the quantification could be assured if there is agreement between the amount of radioactivity before and after administration. Before administration, the radiolabel is concentrated in the well of the nebulizer, whereas after administration, it is distributed throughout the nebulizer, the expiratory filter and connectors, and the upper airway, stomach, trachea, and lung. Not only is the geometry of the distribution that is presented to the gamma camera different, but there are different attenuation factors for the various body tissues. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the quantification of deposition. Secondary goals were to compare in vitro nebulizer performance with that measured in vivo during the deposition study. Eighty milligrams of tobramycin and technetium bound to human serum albumin was administered to 10 normal adults using a Pari LC Jet Plus (Pari Respiratory Equipment, Inc., Richmond, VA) breath-enhanced nebulizer. Techniques were developed that allowed for the accounting of 99 +/- 2% of the initial radioactivity. The fraction of the rate of lung deposition to total body deposition was the in vivo respirable fraction (0.62 +/- 0.07), which closely agreed with in vitro measurements of respirable fraction (0.62 +/- 0.04). Drug output measured from the change in weight and concentration in the nebulizer systematically overestimated drug output measured by the deposition study. The results indicate that 11.8 of the initial 80 mg would be deposited in the lungs. This technique could be adapted to accurately quantify the amount of deposition on any inhaled therapeutic agent, but caution must be used when extrapolating performance of a nebulizer on the bench to expected deposition in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Coates
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Dionne M, Boulianne N, Duval B, Lavoie F, Laflamme N, Carsley J, Valiquette L, Gagnon S, Rochette L, De Serres G. [Lack of conviction about vaccination in certain Quebec vaccinators]. Can J Public Health 2001. [PMID: 11338145 DOI: 10.1007/bf03404939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A questionnaire was mailed to all vaccinators in Quebec in 1998. The objective of this survey was to document vaccinators' attitudes, knowledge, and practices related to vaccination. Vaccinators generally believe in the security, efficacy and usefulness of vaccines given to young children. However, 41% of nurses do not fully agree with these opinions. More than 94% of pediatricians completely disagree that "certain practices (homeopathy, good eating habits and a healthy lifestyle) can eliminate the need for vaccination", compared with 85% of general practitioners and only 60% of nurses. Less than 25% of doctors recall children who are late in getting their immunizations; approximately 45% of vaccinators are in complete agreement with simultaneous injections of two vaccines; many circumstances are incorrectly seen as contra indications for vaccination. Public health authorities should target systematic interventions towards vaccinators to improve this situation and to increase nurses' conviction regarding the benefits of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dionne
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 2400 rue d'Estimauville, Beauport, Québec G1E 7G9.
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Dionne M, Boulianne N, Duval B, Lavoie F, Laflamme N, Carsley J, Valiquette L, Gagnon S, Rochette L, De Serres G. [Lack of conviction about vaccination in certain Quebec vaccinators]. Can J Public Health 2001; 92:100-4. [PMID: 11338145 PMCID: PMC6979719 DOI: 10.1007/bf02962505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A questionnaire was mailed to all vaccinators in Quebec in 1998. The objective of this survey was to document vaccinators' attitudes, knowledge, and practices related to vaccination. Vaccinators generally believe in the security, efficacy and usefulness of vaccines given to young children. However, 41% of nurses do not fully agree with these opinions. More than 94% of pediatricians completely disagree that "certain practices (homeopathy, good eating habits and a healthy lifestyle) can eliminate the need for vaccination", compared with 85% of general practitioners and only 60% of nurses. Less than 25% of doctors recall children who are late in getting their immunizations; approximately 45% of vaccinators are in complete agreement with simultaneous injections of two vaccines; many circumstances are incorrectly seen as contra indications for vaccination. Public health authorities should target systematic interventions towards vaccinators to improve this situation and to increase nurses' conviction regarding the benefits of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dionne
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 2400 rue d'Estimauville, Beauport, Québec G1E 7G9.
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Garceau V, Houle MG, Chouinard F, Gagnon S, Harbour D, Naccache PH, Bourgoin SG. Characterization of cytohesin-1 monoclonal antibodies: expression in neutrophils and during granulocytic maturation of HL-60 cells. J Immunol Methods 2001; 249:121-36. [PMID: 11226470 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1759(00)00336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (Arf) are small GTP-binding proteins involved in vesicular transport and the activation of phospholipase D (PLD). The conversion of Arf-GDP to Arf-GTP is promoted in vivo by guanine nucleotide exchange factors such as ARNO or cytohesin-1. In order to examine the expression of ARNO and cytohesin-1 in human granulocytes, we generated specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We also overexpressed GFP-ARNO and GFP-cytohesin-1 in RBL-2H3 cells to characterize the specificity and the ability of cytohesin-1 mAbs to immunoprecipitate cytohesin-1. Among the hybridomas secreting cytohesin-1 mAbs, only the clones 2E11, 1E4, 3C8, 6F5, 4C7, 7A3 and 8F7 were found to be specific for cytohesin-1. Furthermore, mAb 2E11 immunoprecipitated GFP-cytohesin-1 but not GFP-ARNO under native conditions. In contrast, mAbs 5D8, 4C3, 2G8, 6G11, 4C3, 6D4, 7B4 and 6F8 detected both cytohesin-1 and ARNO as monitored by immunoblotting. Although mAb 6G11 detected both proteins, this antibody immunoprecipitated GFP-ARNO but not GFP-cytohesin-1 under native conditions. Another antibody, mAb 10A12, also selectively immunoprecipitated GFP-ARNO under native conditions, but the epitope recognized by this mAb is unlikely to be linear as no signal was obtained by immunoblotting. Immunoprecipitation with a cytohesin-1 polyclonal antibody and blotting with cytohesin-1 specific mAbs revealed that cytohesin-1 is highly expressed in neutrophils. Cytohesin-1 can be detected in HL-60 cells but the endogenous protein levels were low in undifferentiated cells. Using the specific cytohesin-1 mAb 2E11 we observed a marked increase in levels of cytohesin-1 expression during dibutyryl-cyclic AMP-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. These data suggest that cytohesin-1, which may have important functions in neutrophil physiology, can be useful as a potential marker for granulocytic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Garceau
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, MRC Group on the Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation, Centre de Recherche du CHUL, Ste-Foy, G1V 4G2, Québec, Canada
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Cohn JA, Gagnon S, Spence MR, Harrison DD, Kluzak TR, Langenberg P, Brinson C, Stein A, Hellinger J. The role of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay and repeated cervical cytologic examination in the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Cervical Disease Study Group of the American Foundation for AIDS Research Community Based Clinical Trials Network. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 184:322-30. [PMID: 11228481 DOI: 10.1067/mob.2001.109938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to measure the characteristics of a quantitative human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay and repeated cervical cytologic examination in screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. STUDY DESIGN Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with screening CD4+ lymphocyte counts of < or = 500 cells/mm3 (n = 103) were examined by quantitative human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid assay and serial cervical cytologic examination and by colposcopy with biopsy and endocervical curettage during the course of 1 year. RESULTS Quantitative measures of total human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid and high-risk human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid were strongly associated with any cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (P = .005) and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (P = .0006), but they improved the sensitivity and negative predictive value of baseline screening only slightly when combined with cervical cytologic examination. Incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia occurred frequently (20%) during 1 year of follow-up and was more common among human papillomavirus-infected women. Repeated cytologic examination identified 60% of women with new cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. CONCLUSION Human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with at least mild immunosuppression have a high incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, which warrants close follow-up. Those with high baseline human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid levels may be at the highest risk for incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Cohn
- University of Maryland Medical Center, the Baltimore Community Research Initiative, Baltimore, USA
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Charytan C, Levin N, Al-Saloum M, Hafeez T, Gagnon S, Van Wyck DB. Efficacy and safety of iron sucrose for iron deficiency in patients with dialysis-associated anemia: North American clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 37:300-7. [PMID: 11157370 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2001.21293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Iron sucrose has been used to provide intravenous (IV) iron therapy to patients outside the United States for more than 50 years. In a multicenter North American clinical trial, we determined the efficacy and safety of iron sucrose therapy in patients with dialysis-associated anemia, evidence of iron deficiency, and below-target hemoglobin (Hgb) levels despite epoetin therapy. Evidence of iron deficiency included a transferrin saturation (Tsat) less than 20% and ferritin level less than 300 ng/mL, and below-target Hgb levels included values less than 11.0 g/dL. We administered iron sucrose in 10 doses, each administered undiluted as 100 mg IV push over 5 minutes, without a prior test dose. We assessed efficacy by determining the subsequent change in Hgb, Tsat, and ferritin values. We assessed safety by recording blood pressure and adverse events after iron sucrose injection and comparing results with those for the same patients during an observation control period. Results showed a significant increase in Hgb level that was first evident after three doses of iron sucrose and persisted at least 5 weeks after the 10th dose. Tsat and ferritin levels also increased significantly and remained elevated. In 77 enrolled patients, including those with previous iron dextran sensitivity, other drug allergies, or concurrent angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use, we saw no serious adverse drug reactions and no change in intradialytic blood pressure associated with iron sucrose administration. We conclude that iron sucrose injection administered as 1,000 mg in 10 divided doses by IV push without a prior test dose is safe and effective for the treatment of iron deficiency in patients with dialysis-associated anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Charytan
- Cornell University Medical College, Renal Division, New York Hospital Medical Center of Queens, New York, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Articaine is an amide local anesthetic introduced clinically in Germany in 1976 and subsequently throughout Europe, Canada and, in 2000, the United States. METHODS The authors report on three identical single-dose, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled multicenter studies that were conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of articaine (4 percent with epinephrine 1:100,000) with that of lidocaine (2 percent with epinephrine 1:100,000). RESULTS A total of 1,325 subjects participated in these studies, 882 of whom received articaine 4 percent with epinephrine 1:100,000 and 443 of whom received lidocaine 2 percent with epinephrine 1:100,000. The overall incidence of adverse events in the combined studies was 22 percent for the articaine group and 20 percent for the lidocaine group. The most frequently reported adverse events in the articaine group, excluding postprocedural dental pain, were headache (4 percent), facial edema, infection, gingivitis and paresthesia (1 percent each). The incidence of these events was similar to that reported for subjects who received lidocaine. The adverse events most frequently reported as related to articaine use were paresthesia (0.9 percent), hypesthesia (0.7 percent), headache (0.55 percent), infection (0.45 percent), and rash and pain (0.3 percent each). CONCLUSIONS Articaine is a well-tolerated, safe and effective local anesthetic for use in clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Malamed
- School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, 925 W. 34th St., Los Angeles, Calif. 90089-0641, USA.
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Abstract
The authors investigated the type of spatial information that controls domestic dogs' (Canis familiaris) search behavior in a situation in which they have to locate a spatial position where they saw an object move and disappear. In Experiments 1 and 2, the authors manipulated all local and global sources of allocentric spatial information surrounding the hiding location. The results revealed that dogs relied on an egocentric frame of reference. Experiment 3 showed that dogs also encoded allocentric information when egocentric information was irrelevant. The authors conclude that dogs simultaneously encode both egocentric and allocentric spatial information to locate a spatial position, but they primarily base their search behavior on an egocentric frame of reference. The authors discuss under which natural conditions dogs might use these 2 sources of spatial information and detail the nature of spatial egocentric information and the circumstances underlying its use by dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fiset
- Secteur Sciences Humaines, Université de Moncton, Edmondston, Nouveau-Brunswick, Canada.
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Van Wyck DB, Cavallo G, Spinowitz BS, Adhikarla R, Gagnon S, Charytan C, Levin N. Safety and efficacy of iron sucrose in patients sensitive to iron dextran: North American clinical trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36:88-97. [PMID: 10873877 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2000.8276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensitivity to iron dextran is a potent obstacle to maintaining optimum iron status in patients with dialysis-associated anemia. As part of the North American clinical trials for iron sucrose injection, we examined the effect of intravenous (IV) iron sucrose in 23 hemodialysis patients with documented sensitivity to iron dextran, ongoing epoetin alfa therapy, and below-target-range hemoglobin (Hgb) levels (<11.0 g/dL). We assigned patients to treatment groups according to whether reactions they had experienced to iron dextran were judged to be mild (n = 16; group A) or severe (n = 7; group B). We prospectively examined adverse events and vital signs after administering 100 mg of IV iron sucrose in each of 10 consecutive dialysis treatment sessions and compared results with those recorded in each of three consecutive dialysis sessions without iron treatment. We administered iron sucrose by IV push over 5 minutes to group A patients and by IV push over 5 minutes or IV infusion over 15 to 30 minutes to group B patients. We did not administer a test dose. Results showed no serious adverse drug reactions after a total of 223 doses of iron sucrose (184 doses by IV push, 39 doses by IV infusion). Intradialytic blood pressure changes after IV iron sucrose injection did not differ from those recorded during dialysis sessions without treatment. An increase in values for Hgb, hematocrit, transferrin saturation, and ferritin, coupled with no significant change in epoetin dose and a decrease in total iron-binding capacity, confirmed the efficacy of iron sucrose injection in managing anemia. We conclude that iron sucrose injection is safe and effective in the management of anemia in patients sensitive to iron dextran and can be administered without a test dose by IV push or infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Van Wyck
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Malamed SF, Gagnon S, Leblanc D. A comparison between articaine HCl and lidocaine HCl in pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent 2000; 22:307-11. [PMID: 10969438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Three identical single-dose, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, active-controlled multicenter studies were conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of articaine HCl (4% with epinephrine 1:100,000) to that of lidocaine HCl (2% with epinephrine 1:100,000) in patients aged 4 years to 79 years, with subgroup analysis on subjects 4 to < 13 years. METHODS Fifty subjects under the age of 13 years were treated in the articaine group and 20 subjects under the age of 13 were treated with lidocaine. Subjects were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive articaine or lidocaine. Efficacy was determined on a gross scale immediately following the procedure by having both the subject and investigator rate the pain experienced by the subject during the procedure using a visual analog scale (VAS). Safety was evaluated by measuring vital signs before and after administration of anesthetic (1 and 5 minutes post-medication and at the end of the procedure) and by assessing adverse events throughout the study. Adverse events were elicited during telephone follow-up at 24 hours and 7 days after the procedure. RESULTS Pediatric patients received equal volumes, but higher mg/kg doses, of articaine than lidocaine during both simple and complex dental procedures. Pain ratings: Articaine: VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) scores (from 0 to 10 cm) by patients 4 to < 13 years of age were 0.5 for simple procedures and 1.1 for complex procedures, and average investigator scores were 0.4 and 0.6 for simple and complex procedures, respectively. Lidocaine: patients 0.7 (simple) and 2.3 (complex); investigators 0.3 (simple) and 2.8 (complex). Adverse events: No serious adverse events related to the articaine occurred. The only adverse event considered related to articaine was accidental lip injury in one patient. CONCLUSIONS VAS scores indicate that articaine is an effective local anesthetic in children and that articaine is as effective as lidocaine when measured on this gross scale. Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 is a safe and effective local anesthetic for use in pediatric dentistry. Time to onset and duration of anesthesia are appropriate for clinical use and are comparable to those observed for other commercially available local anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Malamed
- School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors compared the safety and efficacy of 4 percent articaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 with 2 percent lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000. METHODS In three identical randomized, double-blind, multicenter trials, subjects 4 to 80 years of age received either 4 percent articaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 or 2 percent lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 for simple or complex dental procedures. In each trial, the authors randomized the subjects in a 2:1 ratio to receive articaine or lidocaine. Efficacy was determined by both subject and investigator using a visual analog scale, or VAS. The authors used the Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 882 subjects received articaine, and 443 received lidocaine. The authors found no statistical differences between the groups (P = .05). They also compared drug volumes for both articaine and lidocaine groups (2.5 milliliters +/- 0.07 standard error of mean, or SEM, vs. 2.6 mL +/- 0.09 SEM for simple procedures and 4.2 mL +/- 0.15 SEM vs. 4.5 mL +/- 0.21 SEM for complex procedures). The procedures' durations were comparable for both the articaine and lidocaine groups. The authors found no statistical difference between the two treatment groups (P = .05) with respect to subject or investigator pain ratings using the VAS; the mean pain scores determined by both patients and investigators for all groups tested were less than 1.0. CONCLUSIONS The authors found that 4 percent articaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was well-tolerated in 882 subjects. It also provided clinically effective pain relief during most dental procedures and had a time to onset and duration of anesthesia appropriate for clinical use and comparable to those observed for other commercially available local anesthetics. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Pain control is a major component of patient comfort and safety. Local anesthetics form the backbone of pain control techniques in dentistry. Four percent articaine with epinephrine is an amide local anesthetic that will meet the clinical requirements for pain control of most dental procedures in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Malamed
- School of Dentiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90089-0641, USA
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