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Jolivet S, Couturier J, Grohs P, Vilfaillot A, Zahar JR, Frange P, Casetta A, Moulin V, Lawrence C, Baune P, Bourgeois C, Bouffier A, Laussucq C, Sienzonit L, Picard S, Podglajen I, Kassis-Chikhani N, Barbut F. Prevalence and risk factors of toxigenic Clostridioides difficile asymptomatic carriage in 11 French hospitals. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1221363. [PMID: 37547619 PMCID: PMC10402895 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1221363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) incidence has increased over the last 20 years. Studies suggest that asymptomatic carriers may be an important reservoir of C. difficile in healthcare settings. We conducted a point prevalence study to estimate the toxigenic C. difficile asymptomatic carriage rate and the associated risk factors in patients >3 years old. Between September 16, 2019 and January 15, 2020, all patients hospitalized in 11 healthcare facilities in the Paris urban area were included in the study. They were screened on the day of the survey for toxigenic C. difficile carriage by rectal swab and interviewed. Isolates were characterized by PCR ribotyping and multiplex PCR targeting toxin genes. A logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors associated with toxigenic C. difficile asymptomatic carriage using uni- and multivariate analysis in the subpopulation of patients >3 years old. During the study period, 2,389 patients were included and screened. The median age was 62 years (interquartile range 35-78 years) and 1,153 were male (48.3%). Nineteen patients had a previous CDI (0.9%). Overall, 185/2389 patients were positive for C. difficile (7.7%), including 93 toxigenic strains (3.9%): 77 (82.8%) were asymptomatic (prevalence 3.2%) whereas 12 (12.9%) were diarrheic. Prevalences of toxigenic C. difficile were 3.5% in patients >3 years old and 7.0% in ≤3 years old subjects, respectively. Toxigenic strains mainly belonged to PCR ribotypes 106 (n = 14, 15.0%), 014 (n = 12, 12.9%), and 020 (n = 10, 10.8%). Among toxigenic strains, 6 (6.4%) produced the binary toxin. In multivariate analysis, two factors were positively associated with toxigenic C. difficile asymptomatic carriage in patients >3 years old: multidrug-resistant organisms co-carriage [adjusted Odd Ratio (aOR) 2.3, CI 95% 1.2-4.7, p = 0.02] and previous CDI (aOR 5.8, CI 95% 1.2-28.6, p = 0.03). Conversely, consumption of raw milk products were associated with reduced risk of toxigenic C. difficile colonization (aOR 0.5, CI 95% 0.2-0.9, p = 0.01). We showed that there was a low prevalence of asymptomatic toxigenic C. difficile carriage in hospitalized patients. Consumption of raw milk prevents toxigenic C. difficile colonization, probably due to the barrier effect of milk-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jolivet
- Unité de prévention du risque infectieux, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Couturier
- Laboratoire de microbiologie de l’environnement, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridioides difficile, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Grohs
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Vilfaillot
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- INSERM Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1418, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Ralph Zahar
- Unité de Prévention du Risque infectieux, Hôpitaux Avicenne, Bobigny/Jean Verdier, Bondy/René Muret, Sevran, France
| | - Pierre Frange
- Équipe de Prévention du Risque infectieux, Laboratoire de microbiologie clinique, Hôpital Necker – Enfants malades, Groupe hospitalier Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP) Centre – Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anne Casetta
- Équipe de Prévention du Risque infectieux, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Moulin
- Équipe de Prévention du Risque infectieux, Hôpitaux Corentin Celton/Vaugirard, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Christine Lawrence
- Équipe de Prévention du Risque infectieux, GHU Paris-Saclay site R. Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Patricia Baune
- Équipe de Prévention du Risque infectieux, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Cléo Bourgeois
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- INSERM Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1418, Paris, France
| | - Axel Bouffier
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- INSERM Centre d’Investigation Clinique 1418, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Laussucq
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Sienzonit
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Simon Picard
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Podglajen
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Najiby Kassis-Chikhani
- Équipe de Prévention du Risque infectieux, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- Unité de prévention du risque infectieux, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de microbiologie de l’environnement, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridioides difficile, Paris, France
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Grohs P, Vilfaillot A, Zahar JR, Barbut F, Frange P, Casetta A, Moulin V, Lawrence C, Baune P, Bourgeois C, Bouffier A, Laussucq C, Sienzonit L, Picard S, Podglajen I, Kassis-Chikhani N. Faecal carriage of multidrug-resistant bacteria and associated risk factors: results from a point prevalence study. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2667-2678. [PMID: 36031727 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since 2003, incidences of carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (CP-GNB) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) have steadily increased in France. We therefore conducted a point prevalence study to estimate carriage rates of CP-GNB, VRE and ESBL-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) and associated risk factors. METHODS Between September 2019 and January 2020, all inpatients hospitalized on a given day in 11 teaching hospitals in the Paris urban area were eligible. Patient interviews and rectal swab screening results were recorded by dedicated nurses. The swabs were plated onto selective chromogenic media and processed using the GeneXpert® system. RESULTS Of 2396 patients, 364 (15.2%) yielded at least one multiresistant bacterial isolate, including 29 CP-GNB carriers (1.2%), 13 VRE carriers (0.5%) and 338 ESBL-PE carriers (14%). In 15 patients (4.4% of ESBL-PE carriers and 36.6% of CP-GNB/VRE carriers), concomitant CP-GNB/VRE and ESBL-PE carriage was observed. In 7/29 CP-GNB and 7/13 VRE carriers, carbapenemase production and vanA in the screening samples was only detected with Xpert® tests. The OXA-48 gene was predominant in 13/34 CP-GNB isolates from 29 carriers. From the 338 ESBL-PE carriers, 372 isolates were recovered, mainly Escherichia coli (61.2%). Among 379 children, 1.1% carried a CP-GNB/VRE strain, and 12.4% carried an ESBL strain. Previous hospitalization outside mainland France, previous antimicrobial treatment and previous ESBL-PE carriage were the main risk factors associated with CP-GNB and/or VRE carriage. CONCLUSIONS The low CP-GNB and VRE prevalence likely reflects the French policy to limit intrahospital spread of CP-GNB and VRE strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Grohs
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Vilfaillot
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (CIC1418), Paris, France
| | - Jean Ralph Zahar
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, Hôpitaux Avicenne, Bobigny/Jean Verdier, Bondy/René Muret, Sevran, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, Hôpital St Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Frange
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, Laboratoire de microbiologie clinique, Hôpital Necker - Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Anne Casetta
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Moulin
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, Hôpitaux Corentin Celton/Vaugirard, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
| | - Christine Lawrence
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, GHU Paris-Saclay site R, Poincaré, APHP, Garches, France
| | - Patricia Baune
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Cléo Bourgeois
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (CIC1418), Paris, France
| | - Axel Bouffier
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,INSERM Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1418 (CIC1418), Paris, France
| | - Claudine Laussucq
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Lydia Sienzonit
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Simon Picard
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Podglajen
- Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Najiby Kassis-Chikhani
- Equipe Opérationnelle en Hygiène, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Loesch R, Caruso S, Paradis V, Godard C, Gougelet A, Renault G, Picard S, Tanaka I, Renoux-Martin Y, Perret C, Taketo MM, Zucman-Rossi J, Colnot S. Deleting the β-catenin degradation domain in mouse hepatocytes drives hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma-like tumor growth. J Hepatol 2022; 77:424-435. [PMID: 35257829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS One-third of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) harbor mutations activating the β-catenin pathway, predominantly via mutations in the CTNNB1 gene itself. Mouse models of Apc loss-of-function are widely used to mimic β-catenin-dependent tumorigenesis. Given the low prevalence of APC mutations in human HCCs, we aimed to generate liver tumors through CTNNB1 exon 3 deletion (βcatΔex3). We then compared βcatΔex3 liver tumors with liver tumors generated via frameshift in exon 15 of Apc (Apcfs-ex15). METHODS We used hepatocyte-specific and inducible mouse models generated through either a Cre-Lox or a CRISPR/Cas9 approach using adeno-associated virus vectors. Tumors generated by the Cre-Lox models were phenotypically analyzed using immunohistochemistry and were selected for transcriptomic analysis by RNA-sequencing (RNAseq). Mouse RNAseq data were compared to human RNAseq data (8 normal tissues, 48 HCCs, 9 hepatoblastomas) in an integrative analysis. Tumors generated via CRISPR were analyzed using DNA sequencing and immuno-histochemistry. RESULTS Mice with CTNNB1 exon 3 deletion in hepatocytes developed liver tumors indistinguishable from Apcfs-ex15 liver tumors. Both Apcfs-ex15 and βcatΔex3 mouse models induced growth of phenotypically distinct tumors (differentiated or undifferentiated). Integrative analysis of human and mouse tumors showed that differentiated mouse tumors cluster with well-differentiated human CTNNB1-mutated tumors. Conversely, undifferentiated mouse tumors cluster with human mesenchymal hepatoblastomas and harbor activated YAP signaling. CONCLUSION Apcfs-ex15 and βcatΔex3 mouse models both induce growth of tumors that are transcriptionally similar to either well-differentiated and β-catenin-activated human HCCs or mesenchymal hepatoblastomas. LAY SUMMARY New and easy-to-use transgenic mouse models of primary liver cancers have been generated, with mutations in the gene encoding beta-catenin, which are frequent in both adult and pediatric primary liver cancers. The mice develop both types of cancer, constituting a strong preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Loesch
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Stefano Caruso
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France
| | | | - Cecile Godard
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Angélique Gougelet
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut COCHIN, F-75014, France; Plateforme Imageries du Vivant, Université de Paris, France
| | - Simon Picard
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Ingrid Tanaka
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | - Yoan Renoux-Martin
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France
| | | | | | - Jessica Zucman-Rossi
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), F-75006, France; Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, France.
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Bareha Y, Saoudi M, Santellani AC, Le Bihan A, Picard S, Mebarki C, Cunha M, Daumer ML. Use of fermentation processes for improving the dissolution of phosphorus and its recovery from waste activated sludge. Environ Technol 2022; 43:1307-1317. [PMID: 32957838 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1827301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recycling phosphorus from waste activated sludge has attracted a lot of interest to tackle the problem of phosphorus stocks depletion and the increase in food demand. In this study, the use of fermentation processes was investigated to enhance phosphorus dissolution from waste activated sludge to improve its recycling. Two fermentation processes, bioacidification and dark fermentation, were used on two different sludges fermented with wheat starch syrup in continuous operating conditions. Hydrogen yield from the co-substrate fermentation with waste activated sludge reached 3.9 mmolH2.gCODcosubstrate-1 yield during dark fermentation process and was negligible during bioacidification. Dissolved phosphorus in the waste activated sludge increased by 68% during bioacidification and by 43% during dark fermentation. In both processes, phosphorus dissolution was accompanied by iron, calcium and magnesium dissolution. Results show that fermentation enhances phosphorus dissolution in waste activated sludge to improve its recovery along with hydrogen and organic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bareha
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, Rennes, France
| | - M Saoudi
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - S Picard
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, Rennes, France
| | - C Mebarki
- Business Support & Performance, Veolia, Aubervilliers, France
| | - M Cunha
- Technical & Performance Department, Veolia, Aubervilliers, France
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Picard S, Cambert M, Roger JM, Davenel A, Girault R, Beline F, Rondeau-Mouro C. Determination of the lipid content of organic waste using time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance. Waste Manag 2022; 138:41-48. [PMID: 34864521 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (TD-NMR) was used to quantify the lipid contents of 48 different organic waste substrates. Results obtained from TD-NMR were compared to those from Soxhlet extraction, currently the prevalent method for organic waste characterization, especially in the field of anaerobic digestion. Two calibration methods were tested. The first was a self-calibration process using pure oils (NMR1) which showed good repeatability compared to Soxhlet extraction with a better coefficient of variation (5%). Analyses of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) by chromatography were carried out to understand why the NMR1 method produced underestimations for some samples. Statistical analysis showed that the presence of saturated fatty acids had a significant effect on differences between the Soxhlet and NMR1 methods. The second calibration method applied chemometrics to TD-NMR raw data (NMR2), taking Soxhlet extraction values as references. It provided a good prediction of lipid content and avoided the lengthy calibration procedure usually required for this type of study. Last, the NMR2 method was shown to be highly suited to the quantification of lipids in organic waste, demonstrating better repeatability than the classic Soxhlet method.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
| | - M Cambert
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - J-M Roger
- ITAP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University Montpellier, F-34196 Montpellier, France; ChemHouse Research Group, F-34196 Montpellier, France
| | - A Davenel
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - R Girault
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - F Beline
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France
| | - C Rondeau-Mouro
- INRAE, UR OPAALE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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Riveline JP, Vergés B, Detournay B, Picard S, Benhamou PY, Bismuth E, Bordier L, Jeandidier N, Joubert M, Roussel R, Sola-Gazagnes A, Bonnefond A, Clavel S, Velayoudom FL, Beltrand J, Hanaire H, Fontaine P, Thivolet C, Servy H, Tubiana S, Lion S, Gautier JF, Larger E, Vicaut E, Sablone L, Fagherazzi G, Cosson E. Design of a prospective, longitudinal cohort of people living with type 1 diabetes exploring factors associated with the residual cardiovascular risk and other diabetes-related complications: The SFDT1 study. Diabetes Metab 2021; 48:101306. [PMID: 34813929 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2021.101306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular (CV) complications, even after controlling for traditional CV risk factors. Therefore, determinants of the residual increased CV morbidity and mortality remain to be discovered. This prospective cohort of people living with T1DM in France (SFDT1) will include adults and children aged over six years living with T1DM, recruited throughout metropolitan France and overseas French departments and territories. The primary objective is to better understand the parameters associated with CV complications in T1DM. Clinical data and biobank samples will be collected during routine visits every three years. Data from connected tools, including continuous glucose monitoring, will be available during the 10-year active follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes, psychological and socioeconomic information will also be collected either at visits or through web questionnaires accessible via the internet. Additionally, access to the national health data system (Health Data Hub) will provide information on healthcare and a passive 20-year medico-administrative follow-up. Using Health Data Hub, SFDT1 participants will be compared to non-diabetic individuals matched on age, gender, and residency area. The cohort is sponsored by the French-speaking Foundation for Diabetes Research (FFRD) and aims to include 15,000 participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Riveline
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Lariboisière Hospital, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France; Unite INSERM U1138 Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes, ImMeDiab Team, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, and Universite de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - B Vergés
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology, INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - B Detournay
- CEMKA, 43 boulevard du Maréchal Joffre, Bourg-la-Reine, France
| | - S Picard
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Point Medical, Rond-Point de la Nation, Dijon 21000, France
| | - P Y Benhamou
- INSERM U1055, LBFA, Endocrinologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - E Bismuth
- Hôpital Universitaire Robert-Debré, Service d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Université de Paris, Paris F-75019, France
| | - L Bordier
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Begin Military Hospital, Saint Mandé, France
| | - N Jeandidier
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition, Hospices Civils Strasbourg, UdS, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - M Joubert
- Diabetes Care Unit - Caen University Hospital - UNICAEN, Caen, France
| | - R Roussel
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris,France; Unite INSERM U1138 Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes, ImMeDiab Team, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, and Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Sola-Gazagnes
- Department of Diabetology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Bonnefond
- Université de Lille, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - S Clavel
- Department of Diabetology Endocrinology Hotel Dieu Le Creusot, France
| | - F L Velayoudom
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, University Hospital of Guadeloupe, Inserm UMR1283, CNRS UMR8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille 59000, France
| | - J Beltrand
- Endocrinologie, Gynécologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, APHP Centre, Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris - Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - H Hanaire
- Department of Diabetology, University Hospital of Toulouse, University of Toulouse, France
| | - P Fontaine
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition University Hospital of Lille, University of Lille, France
| | - C Thivolet
- Center for Diabetes DIAB-eCARE, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon 1 University, Lyon France
| | - H Servy
- e-health Services Sanoïa, 188 av 2nd DB, Gémenos 13420, France
| | - S Tubiana
- AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, Centre de Ressources Biologiques, Paris F-75018, France
| | - S Lion
- Société Francophone du Diabète, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Gautier
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Lariboisiere Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Lariboisière Hospital, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, Paris 75010, France; Unite INSERM U1138 Immunity and Metabolism in Diabetes, ImMeDiab Team, Centre de Recherches des Cordeliers, and Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Larger
- AP-HP.Centre-Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin Paris, France
| | - E Vicaut
- AP-HP, Hôpital F.Widal, Clinical Trial Unit, Paris 75010, France
| | - L Sablone
- Fondation Francophone Pour la Recherche sur le Diabète, 60 rue Saint Lazare, Paris 75009, France
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Department of Population Health, Deep Digital Phenotyping Research Unit, 1 AB rue Thomas Edison, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - E Cosson
- Department of Endocrinology-Diabetology-Nutrition, CRNH-IdF, CINFO, AP-HP, Avicenne Hospital, Paris 13 University, Bobigny, France; UMR 557 INSERM/U11125 INRAE/CNAM / Université Paris 13, Unité de Recherche Epidémiologique Nutritionnelle, Paris 13 University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Bobigny, France
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Grohs P, Picard S, Mainardi JL, Podglajen I. Assessment of version 2.5 of QMAC-dRAST for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing with reduced sample-to-answer turnaround time and an integrated expert system. Infect Dis Now 2021; 51:470-476. [PMID: 34366083 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the performance of the new rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) QMAC-dRAST V2.5 system. METHODS ASTs were performed using QMAC-dRAST-V2.5 and a disk diffusion method, directly from positive blood bottles with Gram-negative bacteria. Discrepancies between the results obtained using the two methods were categorized into very major errors (VME, S with dRAST vs. R with disk diffusion), major errors (ME, R vs. S, respectively), minor errors (mE, S vs. I or I vs. R, respectively), and very minor errors (Vme, I vs. S or R vs. I, respectively). For each AST, results were recorded after 4, 5, and 6h of incubation. RESULTS From 106 bacteremia, 1416 individual AST results were obtained. Overall agreement between results using the two methods was 91%, ranging from 76.9% to 99.1% depending upon the antibiotic, with 128 errors, i.e. 14/1416 (1%) VME, 59/1416 (4.2%) ME, 25/1416 (1.8%) mE and 30/1416 (2.1%) Vme. VMEs were encountered for Klebsiellasp and Serratia marcescens isolates with low-level piperacillin and amikacin resistance, respectively. Using the integrated QMAC-dRAST-V2.5 expert system, all 14 VMEs and 3 mEs were eliminated, leading to 92.2% categorical agreement. After 45min of pre-incubation in the QMAC-dRAST-V2.5 device, 22.2% of the 1416 AST results were obtained after 4h, an additional 31.4% after 5h and a further 46.3% after 6h. CONCLUSION QMAC-dRAST-V2.5 is an optimized version of QMAC-dRAST V2.0, particularly with respect to utilization of an expert system and reduced TAT according to the antibiotic tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Grohs
- Microbiology department, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Centre - Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Simon Picard
- Microbiology department, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Centre - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Mainardi
- Microbiology department, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Centre - Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Podglajen
- Microbiology department, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, AP-HP, Centre - Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Lariviere R, Ung R, Picard S, Richard D, Agharazii M, Mac-Way F. POS-272 DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF ENDOTHELIN ETA RECEPTOR BLOCKADE ON VASCULAR CALCIFICATION AND RENAL INJURY IN RATS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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9
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Tubiana-Rufi N, Schaepelynck P, Franc S, Chaillous L, Joubert M, Renard E, Reznik Y, Abettan C, Bismuth E, Beltrand J, Bonnemaison E, Borot S, Charpentier G, Delemer B, Desserprix A, Durain D, Farret A, Filhol N, Guerci B, Guilhem I, Guillot C, Jeandidier N, Lablanche S, Leroy R, Melki V, Munch M, Penfornis A, Picard S, Place J, Riveline JP, Serusclat P, Sola-Gazagnes A, Thivolet C, Hanaire H, Benhamou PY. Practical implementation of automated closed-loop insulin delivery: A French position statement. Diabetes Metab 2020; 47:101206. [PMID: 33152550 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Automated closed-loop (CL) insulin therapy has come of age. This major technological advance is expected to significantly improve the quality of care for adults, adolescents and children with type 1 diabetes. To improve access to this innovation for both patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs), and to promote adherence to its requirements in terms of safety, regulations, ethics and practice, the French Diabetes Society (SFD) brought together a French Working Group of experts to discuss the current practical consensus. The result is the present statement describing the indications for CL therapy with emphasis on the idea that treatment expectations must be clearly defined in advance. Specifications for expert care centres in charge of initiating the treatment were also proposed. Great importance was also attached to the crucial place of high-quality training for patients and healthcare professionals. Long-term follow-up should collect not only metabolic and clinical results, but also indicators related to psychosocial and human factors. Overall, this national consensus statement aims to promote the introduction of marketed CL devices into standard clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tubiana-Rufi
- Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP Nord, Université de Paris et Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques AJD, Paris, et SFEDP, France
| | - P Schaepelynck
- Nutrition-Endocrinologie-Maladies Métaboliques, pôle ENDO, Hôpital de la Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - S Franc
- Diabétologie, Centre Hospitalier Sud Francilien, Corbeil-Essonnes, CERITD, Bioparc Genopole Evry-Corbeil, LBEPS, Université Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, Evry, France
| | - L Chaillous
- Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition, Institut du Thorax, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - M Joubert
- Université de Caen et Endocrinologie Diabétologie, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - E Renard
- Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition et CIC INSERM 1411, CHU, Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - Y Reznik
- Université de Caen et Endocrinologie Diabétologie, CHU Côte de Nacre, Caen, France
| | - C Abettan
- Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition, Institut du Thorax, CHU, Nantes, France
| | - E Bismuth
- Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Robert Debré, APHP Nord, Université de Paris et Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques AJD, Paris, et SFEDP, France
| | - J Beltrand
- APHP Centre, Université de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris et Aide aux Jeunes Diabétiques AJD, Paris, et SFEDP, France
| | - E Bonnemaison
- Unité de Spécialités Pédiatriques, Hôpital Clocheville, CHRU de Tours, et SFEDP, France
| | - S Borot
- Université Franche-Comté et Endocrinologie, Nutrition et Diabétologie, CHU, Besançon, France
| | | | - B Delemer
- Endocrinologie Diabétologie, CHU, Reims, et Présidente du CNP d'Endocrinologie Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, France
| | - A Desserprix
- IDE I-ETP, Hotel Dieu Le Creusot (71), Groupe SOS Santé et Vice-présidente de la SFD-Paramédical, France
| | - D Durain
- Cadre de Santé Endocrinologie et Diabétologie et ETP, CHRU, Nancy et SFD-Paramédical, France
| | - A Farret
- Endocrinologie, Diabète, Nutrition, CHU, Montpellier, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - N Filhol
- Endocrinologie et Diabétologie, Hôpital de la Conception, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - B Guerci
- Université de Lorraine et Endocrinologie Diabétologie Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU, Nancy, France
| | - I Guilhem
- Endocrinologie-Diabétologie-Nutrition, CHU, Rennes, France
| | - C Guillot
- Sociologue responsable du Diabète LAB, FFD, Paris, France
| | - N Jeandidier
- Université de Strasbourg et Endocrinologie Diabétologie Nutrition, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France
| | - S Lablanche
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, LBFA, Endocrinologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, France
| | - R Leroy
- Cabinet libéral d'endocrinologie diabétologie, Lille, France
| | - V Melki
- Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - M Munch
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Diabète et Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Strasbourg, France
| | - A Penfornis
- Université Paris-Saclay et Endocrinologie, Diabétologie et Maladies Métaboliques, CHSF Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - S Picard
- Cabinet d'Endocrino-Diabétologie, Point Médical, Dijon et FENAREDIAM, France
| | - J Place
- Ingénieur d'Études, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, France
| | - J P Riveline
- Centre Universitaire du Diabète, Hôpital Lariboisière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - P Serusclat
- Groupe Hospitalier Mutualiste Les Portes du Sud, Vénissieux, France
| | - A Sola-Gazagnes
- Endocrinologie Diabétologie, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Paris, France
| | - C Thivolet
- Centre du Diabète DIAB-eCARE, Hospices Civils de Lyon et Président de la SFD, France
| | - H Hanaire
- Université de Toulouse et Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - P Y Benhamou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, LBFA, Endocrinologie, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Président du groupe de travail Télémédecine et Technologies Innovantes de la SFD, France.
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Valensi P, Picard S, Pathak A. Type 2 diabetes: Why should diabetologists and cardiologists work more closely together? Diabetes & Metabolism 2019; 45:501-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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11
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Picard S, Vasilevski D, Fagherazzi G. Musculoskeletal disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes: An understudied group of diabetes complications that deserves further investigation. Diabetes Metab 2019; 46:177-178. [PMID: 30711648 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- Endocrinology and Diabetes, Point Medical, Dijon, France.
| | - D Vasilevski
- Foot and Hand Surgery, Point Medical, Dijon, France
| | - G Fagherazzi
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Paris South, Paris Saclay University, Gustave-Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
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Picard S, Bonnemaison-Gilbert E, Leutenegger E, Barat P. Optimization of insulin regimen and glucose outcomes with short-term real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) in type 1 diabetic children with sub-optimal glucose control on multiple daily injections: The pediatric DIACCOR study. Arch Pediatr 2019; 26:95-101. [PMID: 30642746 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of 7-day real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) on type 1 diabetes (T1D) management remains unknown in youths with suboptimal control by multiple daily injections (MDI). The DIACCOR Study aimed to describe treatment decisions and glucose outcomes after a short-term RT-CGM sequence in real-life conditions. METHODS This French multicenter longitudinal observational study included T1D youths with HbA1c>7.5% or a history of severe hypoglycemia (SH) or recurrent documented hypoglycemia. A sensor was inserted at the study-inclusion visit, and one of three predefined treatment changes was proposed by the investigator within 7-15 days: INT=MDI intensification, CSII=switch to continuous insulin infusion, or ER=educational reinforcement with no change in insulin regimen and a 4-month follow-up visit (M4) was scheduled. RESULTS A total of 229 children (12.2±3.5 years old) were recruited by 74 pediatricians; 12.8% had a history of SH, 22.2% had recurrent hypoglycemia. Baseline HbA1c was 8.7±1.5% (>7.5% in 82.8%). Overall, 139 (79.4%), 19 (10.9%), and 17 patients (9.7%) were, respectively, included in the INT, CSII, and ER subgroups. At M4, the global incidence of SH and recurrent hypoglycemia dropped (3.4% vs. 12.8% and 6.0% vs. 22.2%, respectively) as well as the incidence of ketoacidosis (2.1% vs. 8.1%) or ketosis (6.9% vs. 11.4%). The HbA1c decrease was significant overall and in the INT subgroup (adjusted difference -0.29%, P=0.009). The satisfaction rate was≥93.0% among children. CONCLUSION In a real-life setting, a 1-week RT-CGM can promote treatment optimization in youths with uncontrolled T1D resulting mostly in less acute events. CGM acceptance may improve with new-generation sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- Point Médical, Rond-Point de la Nation, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - E Bonnemaison-Gilbert
- Tours University Hospital, Clocheville Hospital (USP), 49, boulevard Béranger, 37000 Tours, France
| | | | - P Barat
- Unité endocrinologie et diabétologie pédiatrique, université Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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Baumann AA, Texada MJ, Chen HM, Etheredge JN, Miller DL, Picard S, Warner R, Truman JW, Riddiford LM. Genetic tools to study juvenile hormone action in Drosophila. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2132. [PMID: 28522854 PMCID: PMC5437021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02264-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The insect juvenile hormone receptor is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein, a novel type of hormone receptor. In higher flies like Drosophila, the ancestral receptor germ cell-expressed (gce) gene has duplicated to yield the paralog Methoprene-tolerant (Met). These paralogous receptors share redundant function during development but play unique roles in adults. Some aspects of JH function apparently require one receptor or the other. To provide a foundation for studying JH receptor function, we have recapitulated endogenous JH receptor expression with single cell resolution. Using Bacteria Artificial Chromosome (BAC) recombineering and a transgenic knock-in, we have generated a spatiotemporal expressional atlas of Met and gce throughout development. We demonstrate JH receptor expression in known JH target tissues, in which temporal expression corresponds with periods of hormone sensitivity. Larval expression largely supports the notion of functional redundancy. Furthermore, we provide the neuroanatomical distribution of JH receptors in both the larval and adult central nervous system, which will serve as a platform for future studies regarding JH action on insect behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Baumann
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA. .,University of Tennessee, College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
| | - M J Texada
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA
| | - H M Chen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA
| | - J N Etheredge
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA
| | - D L Miller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA.,National Institute of Neurological Disease and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - S Picard
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA
| | - R Warner
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA
| | - J W Truman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA.,Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USA
| | - L M Riddiford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, 21047, USA.,Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA, 98250, USA
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Tardy B, Picard S, Guirimand F, Chapelle C, Danel Delerue M, Celarier T, Ciais JF, Vassal P, Salas S, Filbet M, Gomas JM, Guillot A, Gaultier JB, Merah A, Richard A, Laporte S, Bertoletti L. Bleeding risk of terminally ill patients hospitalized in palliative care units: the RHESO study. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:420-428. [PMID: 28035750 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Bleeding incidence as hemorrhagic risk factors are unknown in palliative care inpatients. We conducted a multicenter observational study (22 Palliative Care Units, 1199 patients). At three months, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8%. Cancer, recent bleeding, thromboprophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independent risk factors. SUMMARY Background The value of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients admitted to palliative care units is debatable. Moreover, the risk of bleeding in these patients is unknown. Objectives Our primary aim was to assess the bleeding risk of patients in a real-world practice setting of hospital palliative care. Our secondary aim was to determine the incidence of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis and to identify risk factors for bleeding. Patients/Methods In this prospective, observational study in 22 French palliative care units, 1199 patients (median age, 71 years; male, 45.5%), admitted for the first time to a palliative care unit for advanced cancer or pulmonary, cardiac or neurologic disease were included. The primary outcome was adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (i.e. a composite of major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding) at 3 months. The secondary outcome was symptomatic deep vein thrombosis. Results The most common reason for palliative care was cancer (90.7%). By 3 months, 1087 patients (91.3%) had died and 116 patients had presented at least one episode of clinically relevant bleeding (fatal in 23 patients). Taking into account the competing risk of death, the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding was 9.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3-11.6). Deep vein thrombosis occurred in six patients (cumulative incidence, 0.5%; 95% CI, 0.2-1.1). Cancer, recent bleeding, antithrombotic prophylaxis and antiplatelet therapy were independently associated with clinically relevant bleeding at 3 months. Conclusions Decisions regarding the use of thromboprophylaxis in palliative care patients should take into account the high risk of bleeding in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tardy
- Inserm, CIC 1408, FCRIN-INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- UMR1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, PRES de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Service de Soins Intensifs Médicaux, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Picard
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Hôpital les Diaconesses, Paris, France
| | - F Guirimand
- Pôle Recherche SPES "soins palliatifs en société", Maison Médicale Jeanne Garnier, Paris, France
| | - C Chapelle
- Inserm, CIC 1408, FCRIN-INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
- UMR1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, PRES de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - M Danel Delerue
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalier Saint Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - T Celarier
- Fédération de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - J-F Ciais
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - P Vassal
- Fédération de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Salas
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
- CRO2, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- INSERM U911, Marseille, France
| | - M Filbet
- Centre de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civiles de Lyon, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - J-M Gomas
- Unité de Soins Palliatifs, Hôpital Sainte Perine, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Guillot
- Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - J-B Gaultier
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Merah
- Inserm, CIC 1408, FCRIN-INNOVTE, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - A Richard
- Fédération de Soins Palliatifs, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Laporte
- UMR1059 SAINBIOSE, Université Jean Monnet, PRES de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Innovation et Pharmacologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - L Bertoletti
- Service de Médecine Vasculaire et Thérapeutique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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Fellmuth B, Fischer J, Machin G, Picard S, Steur PPM, Tamura O, White DR, Yoon H. The kelvin redefinition and its mise en pratique. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2016; 374:20150037. [PMID: 26903103 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, it is expected that there will be a major revision of the International System of Units (SI) which will result in all of the seven base units being defined by fixing the values of certain atomic or fundamental constants. As part of this revision, the kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature, will be redefined by assigning a value to the Boltzmann constant k. This explicit-constant definition will define the kelvin in terms of the SI derived unit of energy, the joule. It is sufficiently wide to encompass any form of thermometry. The planned redefinition has motivated the creation of an extended mise en pratique ('practical realization') of the definition of the kelvin (MeP-K), which describes how the new definition can be put into practice. The MeP-K incorporates both of the defined International Temperature Scales (ITS-90 and PLTS-2000) in current use and approved primary-thermometry methods for determining thermodynamic temperature values. The MeP-K is a guide that provides or makes reference to the information needed to perform measurements of temperature in accord with the SI at the highest level. In this article, the background and the content of the extended second version of the MeP-K are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fellmuth
- Department 7.4 Temperature, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - J Fischer
- Department 7.4 Temperature, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | - G Machin
- Engineering Measurement, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - S Picard
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Sèvres, France
| | - P P M Steur
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Turin, Italy
| | - O Tamura
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), AIST, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - D R White
- Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand (MSL), Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - H Yoon
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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Polkowska J, Picard S, Wańkowska M, Cieślak M, Caraty A, Tillet Y. Localization of kisspeptin neurons in the hypothalamus of peripubertal female lambs; possible connection with gonadotrophin releasing hormone and neuropeptide Y neurons. J Anim Feed Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/65702/2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Burns DT, Picard S, Kessler C, Roger P. Use of the BIPM calorimetric and ionometric standards in megavoltage photon beams to determineWairandIc. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:1353-65. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Raposo F, Borja R, Cacho J, Mumme J, Orupõld K, Esteves S, Noguerol-Arias J, Picard S, Nielfa A, Scherer P, Wierinck I, Aymerich E, Cavinato C, Rodriguez D, García-Mancha N, Lens P, Fernández-Cegrí V. First international comparative study of volatile fatty acids in aqueous samples by chromatographic techniques: Evaluating sources of error. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cunault C, Coquinot Y, Burton CH, Picard S, Pourcher AM. Characteristics and composition of fouling caused by pig slurry in a tubular heat exchanger--recommended cleaning systems. J Environ Manage 2013; 117:17-31. [PMID: 23334456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The structure and composition of the fouling deposits caused by pig slurry heated in a tubular heat exchanger were characterized to understand their formation and thus be able to minimize fouling and define effective routine cleaning methods. Two temperatures (55 °C and 80 °C) were investigated. Two types of fouling were identified: organic/mineral and biofilm. The first only formed at temperatures above 50 °C, often during the heating phase, and was the main problem encountered in treatments at 80 °C. Organic/mineral deposits formed a thin compact sub-layer and a thick porous top layer composed of 67-76% minerals, 9-15% proteins, 8-20% carbohydrates and 0-5% fats. Biofilms formed at temperatures between 25 °C and 70 °C in both the cooling and heating sections of the exchanger. This type of fouling predominated at temperatures below 55 °C. The biofilm covered a thin mineral base layer. Strongly acidic or alkaline washing cycle are recommended to clean Type I deposits, while in-line gas-rumbling is recommended for Type II fouling.
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Penfornis A, Personeni E, Tiv M, Monnier C, Meillet L, Combes J, Mouret C, Picard S. Quality of care of patients with type 1 diabetes: population-based results in a French region. Diabetes Metab 2012; 38:436-43. [PMID: 22749623 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been increasing, little is known of its quality of care. Thus, our survey was designed to retrospectively evaluate this issue in French patients. METHODS Patients with T1D living in northeastern France were identified thanks to the healthcare system (CPAM) database, and the resulting list reviewed by local diabetes specialists. All of the listed patients and their primary physicians were asked to fill in a questionnaire including clinical data, laboratory results and follow-up habits. The 'optimized results' included CPAM-based results plus any specialized care provided during hospitalizations in diabetes and non-diabetes units, according to questionnaire data. RESULTS A total of 227 individuals, for whom CPAM data were available, were identified as having T1D. From these patients, 174 questionnaires were answered, and optimized results (having both CPAM data and a completely filled-in questionnaire) were available for 149 patients. Of the 169 patients who responded, 71.3% reported at least a yearly visit with a diabetologist. This number reached 77.9% when optimized results were considered. Patients who received specialized care were younger, underwent HbA(1c) tests more often and were more frequently on optimal treatment; however, there was no difference in HbA(1c) values or in the prevalence of complications. Eye examinations and kidney tests had been performed at least once over the 2-year period in more than 87% of the patients, whereas around 30%, 21% and 23% had an eye exam, creatinine test and urinary albumin excretion measurement, respectively, only once over the same time period. CONCLUSION This is the first large-scale study of the quality of care in patients with T1DM in France, and it could serve as a preliminary survey for a national study. Although the follow-up was better than previously reported, there is still considerable room for improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Penfornis
- Department of Endocrinology-Metabolism and Diabetology-Nutrition, Jean-Minjoz Hospital, EA 3920, University of Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon cedex, France.
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Peu P, Sassi JF, Girault R, Picard S, Saint-Cast P, Béline F, Dabert P. Sulphur fate and anaerobic biodegradation potential during co-digestion of seaweed biomass (Ulva sp.) with pig slurry. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:10794-10802. [PMID: 21982451 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed (Ulva sp.) stranded on beaches were utilized as co-substrate for anaerobic digestion of pig slurry in three-month co-digestion tests in pilot scale anaerobic digesters in the laboratory. The methanogenic potential of Ulva sp. was low compared to that of other potential co-substrates available for use by farmers: 148 N m3CH4/t of volatile solids or 19 N m3CH4/t of crude product. When used as a co-substrate with pig manure (48%/52% w/w), Ulva sp. seaweed did not notably disrupt the process of digestion; however, after pilot stabilisation, biogas produced contained 3.5% H2S, making it unsuitable for energy recovery without treatment. Sequentially addition of the sulphate reduction inhibitor, potassium molybdate, to a final concentration of 3mM, temporarily reduced H2S emissions, but was unable to sustain this reduction over the three-month period. According to these pilot tests, the use of seaweed stranded on beaches as co-substrate in farm-based biogas plants shows some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Peu
- Cemagref, UR GERE, 17 avenue de Cucillé, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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Delarue R, Haioun C, Coiffier B, Fornecker L, Fournier M, Mounier N, Molina TJ, Bologna S, Fruchart C, Picard S, Tilly H, Bosly A. Survival effect of darbepoetin alfa in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with immunochemotherapy: The LNH03-6B study. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.9048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between poverty and intellectual disability (ID) has been well documented. However, little is known about persons with ID who face circumstances of extreme poverty, such as homelessness. This paper describes the situation of persons with ID who were or are homeless in Montreal and are currently receiving services from a team dedicated to homeless persons. AIMS (1) To describe the characteristics, history and current situation of these persons; and (2) to report within-group differences as a function of gender and current residential status. METHODS The data were collected from files using an anonymous chart summary. Descriptive statistics on the whole sample (n = 68) and inferential statistics on cross-tabulations by gender and residential status were performed. RESULTS Persons with ID exhibited several related problems. Some of these persons, primarily women, experienced relatively short periods of homelessness and their situations stabilised once they were identified and followed up. Other persons with ID experienced chronic homelessness that appeared to parallel the number and severity of their other problems. When compared with a previous epidemiological study of the homeless in Montreal, the population of homeless persons with ID differed from the overall homeless population in a number of respects. CONCLUSION The results suggest prevention and intervention targets. The need for epidemiological research appears particularly clear in light of the fact that below-average intellectual functioning has been identified as a risk factor for homelessness and a predisposing factor for vulnerability among street people.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mercier
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.
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Rondeau I, Picard S, Bah TM, Roy L, Godbout R, Rousseau G. Effects of different dietary omega-6/3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratios on infarct size and the limbic system after myocardial infarction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 89:169-76. [DOI: 10.1139/y11-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in dietary omega-6/3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios affect anti- and proinflammatory equilibrium. As reperfused myocardial infarction (MI) is an inflammatory pathology that alters the cell integrity of the myocardium but also of other tissues, such as the hippocampus and amygdala, attenuation of the inflammation could be helpful in maintaining cell integrity after MI. Therefore, we hypothesized that a decrease in the dietary omega-6/3 PUFA ratio, without altering the diet content in total fat, proteins, or carbohydrates, will result in a reduction of infarct size and a diminution of postreperfusion apoptosis observed in the amygdala and hippocampus. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed 1 of 3 diets containing different omega-6/3 PUFA ratios for 2 weeks (5:1; 1:1; 1:5). Then, myocardial ischemia was induced by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 40 min, followed by reperfusion. Cardioprotective mechanisms were studied in the myocardium at 15 min of reperfusion, along with myocardial infarct size after 24 h of reperfusion. Apoptosis was evaluated in the hippocampus and the amygdala. We found that infarct size was significantly reduced by 32% in groups 1:5 and 1:1 vs. group 5:1. Akt activity was higher in groups 1:5 and 1:1 compared with group 5:1. Caspase-3 enzymatic activity doubled in area CA1 and the dentate gyrus (DG) in group 5:1 compared with groups 1:1 and 1:5. In addition, caspase-8 enzymatic activity was increased in the DG at 24 h, and caspase-9 was enhanced in CA1 at 24 h in group 5:1 vs. groups 1:1 and 1:5. These results demonstrate that the increase in the dietary omega-3 PUFA, at the expense of omega-6 PUFA, reduces infarct size and helps to inhibit apoptosis in the limbic system after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Rondeau
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul. Gouin Ouest, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - S. Picard
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul. Gouin Ouest, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - T. M. Bah
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul. Gouin Ouest, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - L. Roy
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul. Gouin Ouest, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - R. Godbout
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul. Gouin Ouest, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - G. Rousseau
- Centre de biomédecine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 Boul. Gouin Ouest, Montreal, QC H4J 1C5, Canada
- Département de pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de psychiatrie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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Daumer ML, Picard S, Saint-Cast P, Dabert P. Technical and economical assessment of formic acid to recycle phosphorus from pig slurry by a combined acidification-precipitation process. J Hazard Mater 2010; 180:361-365. [PMID: 20471746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution by acidification followed by a liquid/solid separation and precipitation of phosphorus from the liquid phase is one possibility to recycle phosphorus from livestock effluents. To avoid increase of effluent salinity by using mineral acids in the recycling process, the efficiency of two organic acids, formic and acetic acid, in dissolving the mineral phosphorus from piggery wastewater was compared. The amount of formic acid needed to dissolve the phosphorus was reduced three fold, compared to acetic acid. The amount of magnesium oxide needed for further precipitation was decreased by two with formic acid. Neither the carbon load nor the effluent salinity was significantly increased by using formic acid. An economical comparison was performed for the chemical recycling process (mineral fertilizer) vs. centrifugation (organic fertilizer) considering the centrifugation and the mineral fertilizers sold in the market. After optimisation of the process, the product could be economically competitive with mineral fertilizer as superphosphate in less than 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Daumer
- Cemagref, UR GERE, CS 64427, F-35044 Rennes, France.
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Mahon F, Etienne G, Picard S, Titier K, Marit G, Begaud B, Reiffers J, Moore N, Molimard M. Trough plasma imatinib concentrations are associated with responses to standard-dose imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia and could improve its clinical management. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7027 Background: Variable responses to imatinib in the treatment of myelogenous leukemia (CML) are incompletely understood. Previous studies focused on cellular mechanisms of resistance to imatinib. Another hypothesis for variable response lies in pharmacokinetic variability that may reduce drug exposure in patients receiving imatinib. Methods: Using high- performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, we assessed trough plasma imatinib concentrations at steady state (Cmin) in more than 150 CML patients. Major molecular response (MMR) was defined as a 3 logarithm reduction of BCR-ABL transcripts, quantified from peripheral blood using Q-RTPCR. In addition, suboptimal response criteria defined by the European Leukemianet were used to increase doses of imatinib. Results: i) we assessed Cmin in 85 CML patients and demonstated a correlation with imatinib doses (median values 813, 1,135, 1,709 ng/ml for respectively 300,400, 600 mg/day). ii) for 68 patients after at least one year's treatment mean Cmin were significantly higher in the group with MMR (34 patients) than in the group without (1,452.1±649.1 ng per milliliter vs. 869.3±427.5 ng per milliliter, P<0.001) whereas there was no difference in the imatinib daily dose. For Cmin and their discrimination potential for MMR, the area under receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.775, with best sensitivity (76.5 percent) and specificity (70.6 percent) at a plasma threshold of 1,002 ng per milliliter. iii) dose escalation of imatinid, 400mg up to 600mg was proposed in 8 patients in suboptimal response (3 according to cytogenetic criteria and 5 according to molecular criteria). The median Cmin increase from 573 ng/ml [181–1,376] to 1,139 ng/ml [733–2,262] and 5 patients had a cytogenetic (n=3) or a molecular (n=2) response. Conclusions: Monitoring of imatinib plasma levels could be very useful for the management of CML patients, or should at least be checked in the case of treatment failure or suboptimal response or in patients nonadherent with imatinib or with a drug-drug interaction suspicion. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Mahon
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - G. Etienne
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - S. Picard
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - K. Titier
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - G. Marit
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - B. Begaud
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - J. Reiffers
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - N. Moore
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - M. Molimard
- Universite Victor Segalen, Bordeaux, France; Centre Anticancéreux, Bordeaux, France; University Victor Ségalen Bordeaux 2, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Flamand N, Picard S, Lemieux L, Pouliot M, Bourgoin SG, Borgeat P. Effects of pyrrophenone, an inhibitor of group IVA phospholipase A2, on eicosanoid and PAF biosynthesis in human neutrophils. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:385-92. [PMID: 16967052 PMCID: PMC1978440 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The biosynthesis of leukotrienes (LT) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) involves the release of their respective precursors, arachidonic acid (AA) and lyso-PAF by the group IVA PLA2 (cPLA2alpha). This paper aims at characterizing the inhibitory properties of the cPLA2alpha inhibitor pyrrophenone on eicosanoids and PAF in human neutrophils (PMN). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Freshly isolated human PMN were activated with physiological and pharmacological agents (fMLP, PAF, exogenous AA, A23187 and thapsigargin) in presence and absence of the cPLA2alpha inhibitor pyrrophenone and biosynthesis of LT, PAF, and PGE2 was measured. KEY RESULTS Pyrrophenone potently inhibited LT, PGE2 and PAF biosynthesis in PMN with IC50s in the range of 1-20 nM. These inhibitory effects of pyrrophenone were specific (the consequence of substrate deprivation), as shown by the reversal of inhibition by exogenous AA and lyso-PAF. Comparative assessment of pyrrophenone, methyl-arachidonoyl-fluoro-phosphonate (MAFP) and arachidonoyl-trifluoromethylketone (AACOCF3) demonstrated that pyrrophenone was more specific and 100-fold more potent than MAFP and AACOCF3 for the inhibition of LT biosynthesis in A23187-activated PMN. The inhibitory effect of pyrrophenone on LT biosynthesis was reversible as LT biosynthesis was recovered when pyrrophenone-treated PMN were washed with autologous plasma. No alteration of phospholipase D (PLD) activity in fMLP-activated PMN was observed with up to 10 microM pyrrophenone, suggesting that the cPLA2alpha inhibitor does not directly inhibit PLD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Pyrrophenone is a more potent and specific cPLA2alpha inhibitor than MAFP and AACOCF3 and represents an excellent pharmacological tool to investigate the biosynthesis and the biological roles of eicosanoids and PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Flamand
- Département d'anatomic et de physiologie, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHUQ (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - S Picard
- Département d'anatomic et de physiologie, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHUQ (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - L Lemieux
- Département d'anatomic et de physiologie, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHUQ (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - M Pouliot
- Département d'anatomic et de physiologie, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHUQ (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - S G Bourgoin
- Département d'anatomic et de physiologie, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHUQ (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, Canada
| | - P Borgeat
- Département d'anatomic et de physiologie, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de recherche du CHUQ (CHUL), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, Canada
- Author for correspondence:
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Picard S, Pellet J, Brulet JF, Trombert B. [Legal and ethical implications in the protection of data collected from electronic medical records and used for epidemiological statistics and surveillance: a situational analysis]. Sante Publique 2006; 18:107-17. [PMID: 16676718 DOI: 10.3917/spub.061.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of new information and communication technologies (NICT) in the daily practice of medicine, personal medical data have become exportable. Certainly, they represent an interesting source for epidemiologists who were often lacking complete data sets all the way through to morbidity data; but once these data leave the confines of the structure of a medical office, they must be protected in order to respect the fundamental ethical principles which form the basis of the doctor-patient relationship. Given the fact that medical data are not considered merchandise, there is the need to lead a process of reflection which aims to adapt the existing ethical rules and regulations to norms which conform to this new environment. There is also a need to compile a report on the overall European situation, and more specifically the French case.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- Service d'urgences CH de Thiers, France
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Abstract
The importance of host factors in determining susceptibility to systemic Candida albicans infections is evident in both humans and mice. We have used a mouse model to study the genetic basis of susceptibility, using the inbred strains A/J and C57BL/6J, which are susceptible and resistant, respectively, based on different parameters of the response to infection. To identify genes responsible for this differential host response, brain and kidney fungal load were measured in 128 [A/J x C57BL/6J] F(2) mice 48 h after infection with 5 x 10(4) C. albicans blastospores. Segregation analysis in this informative population identified complement component 5 (C5/Hc) as the major gene responsible for this differential susceptibility (LOD of 22.7 for kidney, 19.0 for brain), with a naturally occurring mutation that causes C5 deficiency leading to enhanced susceptibility. C5 was also found to control heart fungal load, survival time, and serum TNF-alpha levels during infection. Investigation of the response to C. albicans challenge in a series of AcB/BcA recombinant congenic strains validated the importance of C5 in determining the host response. However, the strains BcA67 and BcA72 showed discordant phenotypes with respect to their C5 status, suggesting additional complexity in the genetic control of the inter-strain difference in susceptibility observed in A/J and C57BL/6J following systemic infection with C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tuite
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Rm. 907, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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Billard C, Ducot B, Pinton F, Coste-Zeitoun D, Picard S, Warszawski J. BREV, une batterie d'évaluation des fonctions cognitives : validation dans les troubles des apprentissages. Arch Pediatr 2006; 13:23-31. [PMID: 16271450 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2005.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The BREV battery (Battery for rapid evaluation of cognitive functions) is a tool which can be used for the rapid neuropsychological evaluation of children aged between 4 and 9 years. OBJECTIVES After standardization (700 unaffected children) and validation by comparison with a reference battery (202 children with epilepsy), the aim of this study was further validation in 173 children with learning disorders. POPULATION AND METHODS The study protocol included administration of the BREV, precise neuropsychological examination and evaluation of oral and written language. Statistical analysis was used to compare the findings of the BREV with those of the reference method, and the recommendations indicated by the BREV with the final diagnoses, and to define the sensitivity and the specificity of the BREV battery. RESULTS All the correlations between BREV tests and reference tests were significant. Recommendations after the BREV were in agreement with the conclusions of the reference evaluation in 168/172 children for language, 145/173 for the psychometric evaluation. For only 4 chidren, the results of the BREV were false negative. Diagnoses corresponded in 168/173 children for oral language, in 102/110 for written language, 166/173 for praxis disorders and 157/173 for intellectual deficit. The most predictive subtests of the BREV and sensitivity and specificity of verbal and non-verbal scores were calculated. CONCLUSION The BREV is a reliable examination, in learning disorders, to determine the most complementary investigations both in terms of language disorders and for non-verbal or global learning disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Billard
- Service de neuropédiatrie, centre de référence sur les troubles du langage et des apprentissages, hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance publique-hôpitaux-de-Paris, 78, rue du Général-Leclerc, 94275 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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Picard S, Brown J, Frenette J, Jean S, Guertin P. Caractérisation de la perte osseuse chez la souris adulte paraplégique : étude histomorphométrique et biomécanique. Ann Pathol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0242-6498(05)86201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Picard S, Salloum D, Gougeon P, Potel M. Cs2Mo15S19: a novel ternary reduced molybdenum sulfide containing Mo6and Mo9clusters. Acta Crystallogr C 2004; 60:i61-2. [PMID: 15178831 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270104008248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2004] [Accepted: 04/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of dicaesium pentadecamolybdenum nonadecasulfide, Cs(2)Mo(15)S(19), consists of a mixture of Mo(6)S(8)S(6) and Mo(9)S(11)S(6) cluster units in a 1:1 ratio. Both units are interconnected via inter-unit Mo-S bonds. The Cs(+) cations occupy large voids between the different cluster units. The Cs and two inner S atoms lie on sites with 3 symmetry (Wyckoff site 12c) and the Mo and S atoms of the median plane of the Mo(9)S(11)S(6) cluster unit on sites with 2 symmetry (Wyckoff site 18e).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide et Inorganique Moléculaire, URA CNRS No. 6511, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
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Picard S, Brown D, Rauch F, Travers R, Glorieux F, Brown J. Évolution de la micro-architecture (strut analysis) de 1 à 22 ans. Ann Pathol 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0242-6498(04)93925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Picard S, Salloum D, Gougeon P, Potel M. Cs 6Mo 27S 31: a novel ternary reduced molybdenum sulfide containing Mo 9 and Mo 18 clusters. Acta Crystallogr C 2003; 59:i112-4. [PMID: 14605378 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270103006243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2003] [Accepted: 09/02/2003] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of hexacaesium heptacosamolybdenum hentriacontasulfide, Cs6Mo27S31, consists of a mixture of Mo9S11S6 and Mo18S20S6 cluster units in a 1:1 ratio. The units are connected through Mo—S bonds. Cs+ cations occupy large voids between the different cluster units.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide et Inorganique Moléculaire, URA CNRS No. 6511, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
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Hanaire-Broutin H, Picard S. [Implementation of the "Diabetes Prevention Program", in Europe]. Diabetes Metab 2003; 29:S16-20. [PMID: 12746616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of type 2 diabetes has been a major issue for healthcare providers because of the high incidence and the high cost of diabetes. High cost is related to diabetes treatments, diabetes complications and the reduction of lifetime expectancy. The Diabetes Prevention Program study has recently shown that the prevention of diabetes is possible in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. In this study, diabetes was prevented either by metformin or by intensive lifestyle changes. Intensive lifestyle changes were even more effective than metformin in preventing diabetes. This article discusses how difficult it would be to implement this program in Europe. The difficulties would be both practical (identification of the high risk population, patients' motivation for intensive lifestyle changes) and economic. The implementation of the program in Europe would be theoretically cost-effective but would be technically very hard to do.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hanaire-Broutin
- Service de Diabétologie, Maladies Métaboliques et Nutrition, Hôpital Rangueil, CHU Toulouse, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4.
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Slama G, Picard S. [Metabolic syndrome: to observe or to act?]. Diabetes Metab 2003; 29:S5-10. [PMID: 12746614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a very high cardiovascular risk. This risk has usually been present for a very long time when diabetes is diagnosed. The combination of several metabolic abnormalities known as metabolic syndrome seems to be responsible for this increased risk. Insulin resistance is a major component of metabolic syndrome, which also includes clinical abnormalities such as increased waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia, high blood pressure. It is very important to screen subjects with metabolic syndrome because of their high risk. Furthermore, some pharmaceutical agents could be effective in reducing the risk related to insulin resistance. Metformin effectiveness has been shown for the reduction of diabetes related complications and mortality, mainly in the cardiovascular field. Its place among the other potentially active agents remains to be determined as well as how it should be used in combination to lifestyle changes and how effective it is on a long-term basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Slama
- Service de Diabétologie, Hôpital de l'Hôtel-Dieu, 1, place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75181 Paris Cedex 04.
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Abstract
Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and WKY-derived hyperactive (WKHA) rats are two genetically-related inbred strains of rats that are both normotensive yet exhibit differences in left ventricular mass (LVM). We had shown previously that cardiomyocytes from male WKHA are wider than that of male WKY, and that there was genetic linkage between LVM and a locus on chromosome 5 (RNO5) in the male progeny of a F2 WKHA/WKY cross. We show here that cardiomyocyte width is linked to the same RNO5 locus in male reciprocal congenic rats derived from WKHA and WKY. Contrary to males, we found no genetic linkage between LVM and the RNO5 locus in female rats. However, ventricular hypertrophy in females might be of a different nature, because cardiomyocytes from female WKHA were shorter than their WKY counterparts (with no difference in width). The RNO5 locus contains that of the natriuretic peptide precursor A (Nppa) gene. In male congenic rats, changes in cardiomyocyte width always correlated with reciprocal changes in the LV concentration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF, i.e., the peptide product of Nppa). Taken together with other functional data, the small size of the RNO5 locus (approximately 63 cR) increased the likelihood that both cardiomyocyte width and LV ANF concentration could be linked to only one gene (possibly Nppa) in male rats. Moreover, our results support the notion that genes and sex interact to regulate cardiomyocyte width and length independently from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Boutin-Ganache
- Experimental Cardiovascular Biology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
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Abstract
An efficient solid-phase synthesis of structurally diverse 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinones is described using readily available substituted 4-oxo-butanoic acids. Polymer-supported gamma-keto-esters prepared from Wang resin reacted with several hydrazines to afford the corresponding hydrazones. A protocol developed in mild conditions without isolating the intermediate hydrazone led to pyridazinones in good yields after a cyclization cleavage approach. This successful strategy represents an attractive method for a rapid synthesis of heterocyclic libraries for biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gouault
- UPRES-Synthèse et extraction de molécules à visée thérapeutique-Faculté de Pharmacie 2, Rennes, France
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Picard S, Gougeon P, Potel M. Rb5Mo27Se31, a novel ternary reduced molybdenum selenide containing Mo12 and Mo15 clusters. Acta Crystallogr C 2001; 57:663-4. [PMID: 11408661 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270101003389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2001] [Accepted: 02/16/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of Rb5Mo27Se31, pentarubidium heptacosamolybdenum hentriacontaselenium, consists of a mixture of Mo12Se14Se6 and Mo15Se17Se6 cluster units in a 1:1 ratio. Both types of cluster are interconnected through inter-unit Mo-Se bonds. Rb+ cations occupy large voids between the different cluster units.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide et Inorganique Moléculaire, URA CNRS No. 6511, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
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Abstract
Rubidium molybdenum selenide, Rb(4)Mo(21)Se(24), crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3. Its crystal structure consists of a mixture of Mo(12)Se(14)Se(6) and Mo(15)Se(17)Se(6) cluster units in a 1:2 ratio. Both units are interconnected through Mo-Se bonds. The Rb(+) cations occupy large voids between the different cluster units.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Picard
- Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide et Inorganique Moléculaire, URA CNRS No 6511, Université de Rennes I, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes CEDEX, France
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Deschepper CF, Masciotra S, Zahabi A, Boutin-Ganache I, Picard S, Reudelhuber TL. Functional alterations of the Nppa promoter are linked to cardiac ventricular hypertrophy in WKY/WKHA rat crosses. Circ Res 2001; 88:223-8. [PMID: 11157676 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.88.2.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is commonly associated with hypertension, but its variance is determined for more than 50% by blood pressure-independent genetic factors. Because it constitutes one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular mortality, we have performed a genome-wide scan of the F2 progeny of crosses between inbred WKY and WKHA rats to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to cardiac mass. In addition to left ventricular mass (LVM), we also measured left ventricle (LV) concentration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), because we have previously established that there was a genetic link between these 2 traits in the same animal cross. We found 2 contiguous QTL on chromosome 5 that were linked to either LVM (logarithm of odds [LOD]=3.5) or log(n) (LV ANF) (LOD=12). The 1-LOD support intervals of both QTL shared a region overlapping the locus of natriuretic peptide precursor A (NPPA:) (ie, the ANF-coding gene). We found by sequencing 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the first 650 bp of the NPPA: minimal promoters of the genes from both strains. One of these SNPs increased the transcriptional activity of the NPPA: minimal promoter in transfected neonatal cardiomyocytes in keeping with the higher LV concentration of ANF observed in WKY versus WKHA rats. Taken together with the previous reports showing that ANF may protect cardiomyocytes against hypertrophy, our genetic data single out NPPA: as a strong candidate gene for the determination of LVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Deschepper
- Laboratories of Experimental Cardiovascular Biology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Légaré C, Thabet M, Picard S, Sullivan R. Effect of vasectomy on P34H messenger ribonucleic acid expression along the human excurrent duct: a reflection on the function of the human epididymis. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:720-7. [PMID: 11159378 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.2.720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm surface proteins involved in fertilization can be added or modified during epididymal transit. P34H, a human epididymal-sperm protein, appears on the sperm acrosomal cap in the distal caput-proximal corpus epididymis. In previous studies, it was shown that P34H is present on spermatozoa in men of proven fertility, is absent in 50% of men presenting with idiopathic infertility, and that a high proportion of men with normospermic vasovasectomy produce spermatozoa deficient in this sperm surface protein. P34H mRNA was expressed in the principal cells of the epididymis of normal men, predominantly in the corpus region. Recently, results coming from the assisted reproductive technologies have questioned the importance of the human epididymis in sperm maturation. In order to understand the effect of obstruction on the physiological state of the human epididymis and its function in sperm maturation, we have analyzed the expression of P34H mRNA at the level of the vas deferens and along the epididymis of normal and vasectomized men. In situ hybridization experiments showed that obstruction of the vas deferens alters the pattern of P34H mRNA expression compared with the tract of normal tissues. The P34H transcript was detected in the proximal caput epididymis of vasectomized men at a much higher intensity than that observed in the same region of normal tissues, being restricted to the principal cells of the epididymal epithelium. Compared with the normal duct, the lumen of vasectomized men was distended throughout the duct and the height of the epithelium was maximal in the caput. P34H mRNA was detectable in vas deferens, was not affected by vasectomy, and a 912-base pair P34H transcript was restricted to the epithelial cells of the vas deferens. Thus, using P34H as a marker, these results show that vasectomy alters the pattern of gene expression along the human epididymis, and suggest that the vas deferens can be a major contributor to sperm maturation in certain situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Légaré
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction et Département d'Obstétrique-Gynécologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the many factors that are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients, dyslipidemia plays a major role. It is characterized by an increase in triglycerides, a decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and normal or mildly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The management of patients with diabetic dyslipidemia is difficult because we lack studies specifically designed for diabetic patients. Thus, strategy has to rely on post hoc analyses of landmark intervention trials, which usually include only a small number of diabetic patients, or on rare trials enrolling small cohorts of diabetic patients. When lifestyle changes fail, monotherapy should be tried first with either a statin or a fibrate, depending on triglyceride level. If lipid target values are not reached, a combination therapy can then be initiated, with close follow-up of potential side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farnier
- Point Medical, Rond-Point de la Nation, Dijon, F-21000, France.
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Koo HJ, Whangbo MH, Picard S, Jobic S, Potel M, Gougeon P. Electronic Band Structure Study of A2Mo9S11 (A=K, Rb) and K1.8Mo9S11. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2000. [DOI: 10.1006/jssc.2000.8912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Some undesirable effects are associated with chronic estrogen and progestin administration used to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal women, thus leading to poor compliance and the need for improved therapeutic and preventive agents. We have thus studied the ability of the new antiestrogen EM-800 (SCH 57050) to prevent bone loss and lower serum cholesterol levels and compared its effects with those of raloxifene. Ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were treated by oral gavage for 37 weeks with increasing daily doses (0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 0. 3 or 1 mg/kg) of EM-800 or raloxifene. At 35 weeks after OVX, lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) was 19% lower than in intact animals (P<0.01), while the OVX animals given EM-800 or raloxifene had 90-93 and 85-90%, respectively, of the BMD values observed in intact rats. Similar effects were observed on femoral BMD. Bone histomorphometry measurements were performed on proximal tibia. At the 0.01 mg/kg dose, EM-800 prevented the effect of OVX on TBV by 34% (P<0.01), while raloxifene had no detectable effect. Treatment with 1 mg/kg EM-800 and raloxifene resulted in, respectively, 68% (P<0.01) and 64% (P<0.01) prevention of the OVX-induced decrease in TBV. In addition, the administration of 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg EM-800 caused, respectively, 54% (P<0.01) and 56% (P<0.01) inhibitions of serum cholesterol levels, while raloxifene administered at the same doses caused, respectively, 24% (P<0.01) and 41% (P<0.01) decreases of the value of the same parameter. At the highest doses used (0.1-1 mg/kg), both compounds lowered serum cholesterol levels by approximately 65% (P<0.01). No stimulatory effect of EM-800 was observed on the endometrial epithelial cells at doses up to 1 mg/kg, while hypertrophy of uterine epithelium was observed with raloxifene. EM-800 and raloxifene achieve the same degree of effectiveness on bone and serum cholesterol at higher doses, but EM-800 is at least three to ten times more potent than raloxifene at lower concentrations and has no stimulatory effect on uterine epithelium. The present data show the potent effect of EM-800 preventing bone loss and lower serum cholesterol levels without the negative effect on the endometrium, thus suggesting the particular interest of this new fully tissue-specific selective estrogen receptor modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Martel
- MRC Group in Molecular Endocrinology, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center and Laval University, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, G1V 4G2, Québec, Canada
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Farnier M, Picard S. Synthetic optically pure statins. IDrugs 2000; 3:897-906. [PMID: 16059807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Farnier
- Point Medical, Rond Point de la Nation, 21000 Dijon, France.
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Simaan M, Picard S, St-Louis J, Brochu M. Functional alteration of dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca(2+) channels in the adrenal glomerulosa of pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2000; 278:E925-32. [PMID: 10780950 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.2000.278.5.e925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work on aldosterone secretion suggested that dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels, one type of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC), are functionally impaired in adrenal capsule preparations from the pregnant rat. The aim of this study was to determine whether, during pregnancy, the density and/or activity of these channels is altered in the adrenal zona glomerulosa. These VDCC measured with [(3)H]nitrendipine binding were not different between membrane preparations of nonpregnant and pregnant rats. Western blots were performed using two different antibodies, a polyclonal (PcAb) directed against the alpha(1)-subunit of VDCC and a monoclonal (McAb) that recognizes an intracellular domain of that protein. McAb immunoreactivity showed a significant decrease in preparations from pregnant rats, whereas no difference was observed with PcAb. VDCC activity was estimated by (45)Ca(2+) uptake in isolated adrenal cortex and by intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in adrenal glomerulosa cells with the Ca(2+) probe fura PE3. These measurements revealed that KCl stimulation produced greater Ca(2+) influx in nonpregnant than in pregnant rats. Nifedipine (a blocker of VDCC) inhibited this stimulation only in nonpregnant rats, whereas BAY K 8644 (an activator of VDCC) increased Ca(2+) influx in pregnant rats only. These data suggest that, during pregnancy, the altered regulation of calcium homeostasis in adrenal glomerulosa is linked to a conformational alteration of VDCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simaan
- Research Center, Hôpital Ste-Justine, and the Department of Obstetrics-Gynaecology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3T 1C5
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Monti F, Iwashiro K, Picard S, Criniti A, La Francesca S, Ruvolo G, Papalia U, Campa PP, Marino B, Puddu PE. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel modulation and cardioplegia-induced protection of human atrial muscle in an in vitro model of myocardial stunning. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000; 119:842-8. [PMID: 10733778 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5223(00)70022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel openers have been shown to enhance cardioplegic protection in animal myocardium, there is a lack of data on human cardiac tissues. We aimed at determining, on human atrial muscle, whether adenosine triphosphate- dependent potassium channels are involved in protection caused by high-potassium cardioplegia and whether adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel activation might improve cardioplegic protection in an in vitro model of myocardial stunning. METHODS Human atrial trabeculae were obtained from adult patients undergoing cardiac operations. In an organ bath at 37 degrees C, the preparations were subjected to 60 minutes of hypoxia at a high stimulation rate either in Tyrode solution (control, n = 17) or in St Thomas' Hospital solution without additives (n = 6) or associated with 100 nmol/L bimakalim (n = 7) or 1 micromol/L glibenclamide (n = 7), followed by 60 minutes of reoxygenation and 15 minutes of positive inotropic stimulation with 1 micromol/L dobutamine. RESULTS Atrial developed tension was reduced by hypoxia to 27% +/- 5% of baseline and incompletely recovered after reoxygenation to 38% +/- 7%, whereas dobutamine restored contractility to 74% +/- 7% of basal values. St Thomas' Hospital solution with or without bimakalim improved developed tension after reoxygenation and dobutamine (P <.0001 vs control), whereas glibenclamide inhibited these protective effects of cardioplegic arrest (P =.001 vs St Thomas' Hospital solution). After reoxygenation, the protective effect of bimakalim disappeared at a high pacing rate (400- and 300-ms cycle length) but recovered during dobutamine superfusion. CONCLUSIONS Adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels are likely involved in the cardioprotective effects of cardioplegia in human atrial trabeculae and adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel activation with bimakalim used as an additive to cardioplegia enhanced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Monti
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Cardiac Surgery and Second Section of Cardiology, University of Rome "La Sapienza," Rome, Italy
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Flamand N, Boudreault S, Picard S, Austin M, Surette ME, Plante H, Krump E, Vallée MJ, Gilbert C, Naccache P, Laviolette M, Borgeat P. Adenosine, a potent natural suppressor of arachidonic acid release and leukotriene biosynthesis in human neutrophils. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:S88-94. [PMID: 10673234 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.161.supplement_1.ltta-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Flamand
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Pavillon CHUL, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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