1
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Becht DC, Klein BJ, Kanai A, Jang SM, Cox KL, Zhou BR, Phanor SK, Zhang Y, Chen RW, Ebmeier CC, Lachance C, Galloy M, Fradet-Turcotte A, Bulyk ML, Bai Y, Poirier MG, Côté J, Yokoyama A, Kutateladze TG. MORF and MOZ acetyltransferases target unmethylated CpG islands through the winged helix domain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:697. [PMID: 36754959 PMCID: PMC9908889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human acetyltransferases MOZ and MORF are implicated in chromosomal translocations associated with aggressive leukemias. Oncogenic translocations involve the far amino terminus of MOZ/MORF, the function of which remains unclear. Here, we identified and characterized two structured winged helix (WH) domains, WH1 and WH2, in MORF and MOZ. WHs bind DNA in a cooperative manner, with WH1 specifically recognizing unmethylated CpG sequences. Structural and genomic analyses show that the DNA binding function of WHs targets MORF/MOZ to gene promoters, stimulating transcription and H3K23 acetylation, and WH1 recruits oncogenic fusions to HOXA genes that trigger leukemogenesis. Cryo-EM, NMR, mass spectrometry and mutagenesis studies provide mechanistic insight into the DNA-binding mechanism, which includes the association of WH1 with the CpG-containing linker DNA and binding of WH2 to the dyad of the nucleosome. The discovery of WHs in MORF and MOZ and their DNA binding functions could open an avenue in developing therapeutics to treat diseases associated with aberrant MOZ/MORF acetyltransferase activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin C Becht
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Akinori Kanai
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Khan L Cox
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bing-Rui Zhou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina K Phanor
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ruo-Wen Chen
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | | | - Catherine Lachance
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Maxime Galloy
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Amelie Fradet-Turcotte
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Martha L Bulyk
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yawen Bai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael G Poirier
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Akihiko Yokoyama
- Tsuruoka Metabolomics Laboratory, National Cancer Center, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0052, Japan.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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2
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Zandian M, Jang SM, Lachance C, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, Côté J, Kutateladze TG. Characterization of multiple interactions between the envelope E protein of SARS-CoV-2 and human BRD4. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101853. [PMID: 36595918 PMCID: PMC9613806 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein hijacks human BRD4 (bromodomain and extra-terminal domain protein 4). Here, we describe a protocol to characterize the interaction of the acetylated E protein with BRD4 in vivo. We detail steps to use NMR spectroscopy to map the binding interface and include steps to monitor the effect of BRD4 inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2-infected human lung bronchial epithelial cells. This approach could be applied to study interactions involving other viral and human proteins. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Vann et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Zandian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Catherine Lachance
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Siddappa N. Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Corresponding author
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3
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Vann KR, Acharya A, Jang SM, Lachance C, Zandian M, Holt TA, Smith AL, Pandey K, Durden DL, El-Gamal D, Côté J, Byrareddy SN, Kutateladze TG. Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 envelope E protein to human BRD4 is essential for infection. Structure 2022; 30:1224-1232.e5. [PMID: 35716662 PMCID: PMC9212912 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and inevitable acquired drug resistance call for the continued search of new pharmacological targets to fight the potentially fatal infection. Here, we describe the mechanisms by which the E protein of SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the human transcriptional regulator BRD4. We found that SARS-CoV-2 E is acetylated in vivo and co-immunoprecipitates with BRD4 in human cells. Bromodomains (BDs) of BRD4 bind to the C-terminus of the E protein, acetylated by human acetyltransferase p300, whereas the ET domain of BRD4 recognizes the unmodified motif of the E protein. Inhibitors of BRD4 BDs, JQ1 or OTX015, decrease SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in lung bronchial epithelial cells, indicating that the acetyllysine binding function of BDs is necessary for the virus fitness and that BRD4 represents a potential anti-COVID-19 target. Our findings provide insight into molecular mechanisms that contribute to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and shed light on a new strategy to block SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra R Vann
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Arpan Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Catherine Lachance
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Mohamad Zandian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tina A Holt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Audrey L Smith
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Kabita Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Donald L Durden
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92130, USA
| | - Dalia El-Gamal
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Québec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Siddappa N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68131, USA.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Abstract
The core subunit of the MORF acetyltransferase complex BRPF1 contains a unique combination of zinc fingers, including a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a zinc knuckle and another PHD finger, which together form a PZP domain (BRPF1PZP). BRPF1PZP has been shown to bind to the nucleosome and make contacts with both histone H3 tail and DNA. Here, we describe biophysical and structural methods for characterization of the interactions between BRPF1PZP, H3 tail, DNA, and the intact nucleosome. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Klein et al. (2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna J. Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Khan L. Cox
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center - Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Rohit K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center - Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | | | - Tatiana G. Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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5
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Kauzlaric A, Jang SM, Morchikh M, Cassano M, Planet E, Benkirane M, Trono D. KAP1 targets actively transcribed genomic loci to exert pleomorphic effects on RNA polymerase II activity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190334. [PMID: 32068487 PMCID: PMC7061982 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
KAP1 (KRAB-associated protein 1) is best known as a co-repressor responsible for inducing heterochromatin formation, notably at transposable elements. However, it has also been observed to bind the transcription start site of actively expressed genes. To address this paradox, we characterized the protein interactome of KAP1 in the human K562 erythro-leukaemia cell line. We found that the regulator can associate with a wide range of nucleic acid binding proteins, nucleosome remodellers, chromatin modifiers and other transcription modulators. We further determined that KAP1 is recruited at actively transcribed polymerase II promoters, where its depletion resulted in pleomorphic effects, whether expression of these genes was normally constitutive or inducible, consistent with the breadth of possible KAP1 interactors. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Kauzlaric
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suk Min Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mehdi Morchikh
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marco Cassano
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evarist Planet
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institute of Human Genetics, CNRS UPR1142, MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34396 Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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6
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Klein BJ, Cox KL, Jang SM, Côté J, Poirier MG, Kutateladze TG. Molecular Basis for the PZP Domain of BRPF1 Association with Chromatin. Structure 2019; 28:105-110.e3. [PMID: 31711755 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The assembly of human histone acetyltransferase MOZ/MORF complexes relies on the scaffolding bromodomain plant homeodomain (PHD) finger 1 (BRPF1) subunit. The PHD-zinc-knuckle-PHD module of BRPF1 (BRPF1PZP) has been shown to associate with the histone H3 tail and DNA; however, the molecular mechanism underlying recognition of H3 and the relationship between the histone and DNA-binding activities remain unclear. In this study, we report the crystal structure of BRPF1PZP bound to the H3 tail and characterize the role of the bipartite interaction in the engagement of BRPF1PZP with the nucleosome core particle (NCP). We find that although both interactions of BRPF1PZP with the H3 tail and DNA are required for tight binding to NCP and for acetyltransferase function of the BRPF1-MORF-ING5-MEAF6 complex, binding to extranucleosomal DNA dominates. Our findings suggest that functionally active BRPF1PZP might be important in stabilization of the MOZ/MORF complexes at chromatin with accessible DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Khan L Cox
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Michael G Poirier
- Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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7
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Klein BJ, Jang SM, Lachance C, Mi W, Lyu J, Sakuraba S, Krajewski K, Wang WW, Sidoli S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Warfield BM, Kueh AJ, Voss AK, Thomas T, Garcia BA, Liu WR, Strahl BD, Kono H, Li W, Shi X, Côté J, Kutateladze TG. Histone H3K23-specific acetylation by MORF is coupled to H3K14 acylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4724. [PMID: 31624313 PMCID: PMC6797804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation of histone H3K23 has emerged as an essential posttranslational modification associated with cancer and learning and memory impairment, yet our understanding of this epigenetic mark remains insufficient. Here, we identify the native MORF complex as a histone H3K23-specific acetyltransferase and elucidate its mechanism of action. The acetyltransferase function of the catalytic MORF subunit is positively regulated by the DPF domain of MORF (MORFDPF). The crystal structure of MORFDPF in complex with crotonylated H3K14 peptide provides mechanistic insight into selectivity of this epigenetic reader and its ability to recognize both histone and DNA. ChIP data reveal the role of MORFDPF in MORF-dependent H3K23 acetylation of target genes. Mass spectrometry, biochemical and genomic analyses show co-existence of the H3K23ac and H3K14ac modifications in vitro and co-occupancy of the MORF complex, H3K23ac, and H3K14ac at specific loci in vivo. Our findings suggest a model in which interaction of MORFDPF with acylated H3K14 promotes acetylation of H3K23 by the native MORF complex to activate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Catherine Lachance
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Wenyi Mi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Jie Lyu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shun Sakuraba
- Molecular Modeling and Simulation Group, National Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619 0215, Japan
| | - Krzysztof Krajewski
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Wesley W Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jiuyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Becka M Warfield
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Tim Thomas
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Program, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Wenshe R Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Kono
- Molecular Modeling and Simulation Group, National Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619 0215, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Jacques Côté
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, CHU de Québec-UL Research Center-Oncology Division, Quebec City, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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8
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Jang SM, Kauzlaric A, Quivy JP, Pontis J, Rauwel B, Coluccio A, Offner S, Duc J, Turelli P, Almouzni G, Trono D. KAP1 facilitates reinstatement of heterochromatin after DNA replication. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:8788-8802. [PMID: 29955894 PMCID: PMC6158507 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During cell division, maintenance of chromatin features from the parental genome requires their proper establishment on its newly synthetized copy. The loss of epigenetic marks within heterochromatin, typically enriched in repetitive elements, endangers genome stability and permits chromosomal rearrangements via recombination. However, how histone modifications associated with heterochromatin are maintained across mitosis remains poorly understood. KAP1 is known to act as a scaffold for a repressor complex that mediates local heterochromatin formation, and was previously demonstrated to play an important role during DNA repair. Accordingly, we investigated a putative role for this protein in the replication of heterochromatic regions. We first found that KAP1 associates with several DNA replication factors including PCNA, MCM3 and MCM6. We then observed that these interactions are promoted by KAP1 phosphorylation on serine 473 during S phase. Finally, we could demonstrate that KAP1 forms a complex with PCNA and the histone-lysine methyltransferase Suv39h1 to reinstate heterochromatin after DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Min Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annamaria Kauzlaric
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Quivy
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR3664, Paris 75248, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, UMR3664, Paris 75248, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), UMR3664, Paris 75248, France.,Sorbonne University, PSL, Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Pontis
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Rauwel
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Coluccio
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Offner
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Duc
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Priscilla Turelli
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Geneviève Almouzni
- Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris 75248, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR3664, Paris 75248, France.,Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, UMR3664, Paris 75248, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), UMR3664, Paris 75248, France.,Sorbonne University, PSL, Paris 75005, France
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 19, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Chen W, Schwalie PC, Pankevich EV, Gubelmann C, Raghav SK, Dainese R, Cassano M, Imbeault M, Jang SM, Russeil J, Delessa T, Duc J, Trono D, Wolfrum C, Deplancke B. ZFP30 promotes adipogenesis through the KAP1-mediated activation of a retrotransposon-derived Pparg2 enhancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1809. [PMID: 31000713 PMCID: PMC6472429 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KZFPs) constitute the largest family of mammalian transcription factors, but most remain completely uncharacterized. While initially proposed to primarily repress transposable elements, recent reports have revealed that KFZPs contribute to a wide variety of other biological processes. Using murine and human in vitro and in vivo models, we demonstrate here that one poorly studied KZFP, ZFP30, promotes adipogenesis by directly targeting and activating a retrotransposon-derived Pparg2 enhancer. Through mechanistic studies, we further show that ZFP30 recruits the co-regulator KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1), which, surprisingly, acts as a ZFP30 co-activator in this adipogenic context. Our findings provide an understanding of both adipogenic and KZFP-KAP1 complex-mediated gene regulation, showing that the KZFP-KAP1 axis can also function in a non-repressive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Chen
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra C Schwalie
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eugenia V Pankevich
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Carine Gubelmann
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sunil K Raghav
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Immunogenomics & Systems Biology group, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Riccardo Dainese
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cassano
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Imbeault
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tenagne Delessa
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Julien Duc
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- Laboratory of Virology and Genetics, Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETHZ), CH-8603, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (SIB), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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10
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Cassano M, Offner S, Planet E, Piersigilli A, Jang SM, Henry H, Geuking MB, Mooser C, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, Trono D. Polyphenic trait promotes liver cancer in a model of epigenetic instability in mice. Hepatology 2017; 66:235-251. [PMID: 28370258 PMCID: PMC5518198 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth-most common form of cancer worldwide and carries a high mortality rate attributed to lack of effective treatment. Males are 8 times more likely to develop HCC than females, an effect largely driven by sex hormones, albeit through still poorly understood mechanisms. We previously identified TRIM28 (tripartite protein 28), a scaffold protein capable of recruiting a number of chromatin modifiers, as a crucial mediator of sexual dimorphism in the liver. Trim28hep-/- mice display sex-specific transcriptional deregulation of a wide range of bile and steroid metabolism genes and development of liver adenomas in males. We now demonstrate that obesity and aging precipitate alterations of TRIM28-dependent transcriptional dynamics, leading to a metabolic infection state responsible for highly penetrant male-restricted hepatic carcinogenesis. Molecular analyses implicate aberrant androgen receptor stimulation, biliary acid disturbances, and altered responses to gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of Trim28hep-/- -associated HCC. Correspondingly, androgen deprivation markedly attenuates the frequency and severity of tumors, and raising animals under axenic conditions completely abrogates their abnormal phenotype, even upon high-fat diet challenge. CONCLUSION This work underpins how discrete polyphenic traits in epigenetically metastable conditions can contribute to a cancer-prone state and more broadly provides new evidence linking hormonal imbalances, metabolic disturbances, gut microbiota, and cancer. (Hepatology 2017;66:235-251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cassano
- School of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sandra Offner
- School of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Evarist Planet
- School of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alessandra Piersigilli
- School of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland,Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Suk Min Jang
- School of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hugues Henry
- Clinical Chemistry Laboratory, Lausanne University Hospital, Faculty of Biology and MedicineUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Markus B. Geuking
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Catherine Mooser
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Kathy D. McCoy
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Andrew J. Macpherson
- Mucosal Immunology Lab, Department of Clinical ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life SciencesEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
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11
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Meijer BM, Jang SM, Guerrera IC, Chhuon C, Lipecka J, Reisacher C, Baleux F, Sansonetti PJ, Muchardt C, Arbibe L. Threonine eliminylation by bacterial phosphothreonine lyases rapidly causes cross-linking of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in live cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7784-7794. [PMID: 28325837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Old long-lived proteins contain dehydroalanine (Dha) and dehydrobutyrine (Dhb), two amino acids engendered by dehydration of serines and threonines, respectively. Although these residues have a suspected role in protein cross-linking and aggregation, their direct implication has yet to be determined. Here, we have taken advantage of the ability of the enteropathogen Shigella to convert the phosphothreonine residue of the pT-X-pY consensus sequence of ERK and p38 into Dhb and followed the impact of dehydration on the fate of the two MAPKs. To that end, we have generated the first antibodies recognizing Dhb-modified proteins and allowing tracing them as they form. We showed that Dhb modifications accumulate in a long-lasting manner in Shigella-infected cells, causing subsequent formation of covalent cross-links of MAPKs. Moreover, the Dhb signal correlates precisely with the activation of the Shigella type III secretion apparatus, thus evidencing injectisome activity. This observation is the first to document a causal link between Dhb formation and protein cross-linking in live cells. Detection of eliminylation is a new avenue to phosphoproteome regulation in eukaryotes that will be instrumental for the development of type III secretion inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit M Meijer
- From the Team genomic plasticity and infection, Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Hematology, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 75993 Paris CEDEX 14, France.,the Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur UPMC, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.,UMR3738 CNRS, 75732 Paris CEDEX 15, France
| | - Ida C Guerrera
- the Proteomic Platform Necker, PPN-3P5, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cerina Chhuon
- the Proteomic Platform Necker, PPN-3P5, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Joanna Lipecka
- the Proteomic Platform Necker, PPN-3P5, Structure Fédérative de Recherche SFR Necker US24, 75015 Paris, France.,the CPN Proteomics Facility-3P5, Center of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, UMR INSERM 894, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Reisacher
- From the Team genomic plasticity and infection, Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Hematology, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 75993 Paris CEDEX 14, France
| | - Françoise Baleux
- the Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France, and
| | - Philippe J Sansonetti
- the Unité de Pathogénie Microbienne Moléculaire, Unité INSERM U1202, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Muchardt
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France.,UMR3738 CNRS, 75732 Paris CEDEX 15, France
| | - Laurence Arbibe
- From the Team genomic plasticity and infection, Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Hematology, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, 75993 Paris CEDEX 14, France, .,Université Paris Descartes,75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France
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12
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Singh K, Cassano M, Planet E, Sebastian S, Jang SM, Sohi G, Faralli H, Choi J, Youn HD, Dilworth FJ, Trono D. A KAP1 phosphorylation switch controls MyoD function during skeletal muscle differentiation. Genes Dev 2015; 29:513-25. [PMID: 25737281 PMCID: PMC4358404 DOI: 10.1101/gad.254532.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Singh et al. identify KAP1/TRIM28 as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1, with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors. The transcriptional activator MyoD serves as a master controller of myogenesis. Often in partnership with Mef2 (myocyte enhancer factor 2), MyoD binds to the promoters of hundreds of muscle genes in proliferating myoblasts yet activates these targets only upon receiving cues that launch differentiation. What regulates this off/on switch of MyoD function has been incompletely understood, although it is known to reflect the action of chromatin modifiers. Here, we identify KAP1 (KRAB [Krüppel-like associated box]-associated protein 1)/TRIM28 (tripartite motif protein 28) as a key regulator of MyoD function. In myoblasts, KAP1 is present with MyoD and Mef2 at many muscle genes, where it acts as a scaffold to recruit not only coactivators such as p300 and LSD1 but also corepressors such as G9a and HDAC1 (histone deacetylase 1), with promoter silencing as the net outcome. Upon differentiation, MSK1-mediated phosphorylation of KAP1 releases the corepressors from the scaffold, unleashing transcriptional activation by MyoD/Mef2 and their positive cofactors. Thus, our results reveal KAP1 as a previously unappreciated interpreter of cell signaling, which modulates the ability of MyoD to drive myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulwant Singh
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Marco Cassano
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evarist Planet
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Soji Sebastian
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Suk Min Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gurjeev Sohi
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Hervé Faralli
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Jinmi Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hong-Duk Youn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - F Jeffrey Dilworth
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;
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13
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Rauwel B, Jang SM, Cassano M, Kapopoulou A, Barde I, Trono D. Release of human cytomegalovirus from latency by a KAP1/TRIM28 phosphorylation switch. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 25846574 PMCID: PMC4384640 DOI: 10.7554/elife.06068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a highly prevalent pathogen that induces life-long infections notably through the establishment of latency in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Bouts of reactivation are normally controlled by the immune system, but can be fatal in immuno-compromised individuals such as organ transplant recipients. Here, we reveal that HCMV latency in human CD34+ HSC reflects the recruitment on the viral genome of KAP1, a master co-repressor, together with HP1 and the SETDB1 histone methyltransferase, which results in transcriptional silencing. During lytic infection, KAP1 is still associated with the viral genome, but its heterochromatin-inducing activity is suppressed by mTOR-mediated phosphorylation. Correspondingly, HCMV can be forced out of latency by KAP1 knockdown or pharmacological induction of KAP1 phosphorylation, and this process can be potentiated by activating NFkB with TNF-α. These results suggest new approaches both to curtail CMV infection and to purge the virus from organ transplants. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06068.001 Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an extremely common virus that causes life-long infections in humans. Most individuals are exposed to HCMV during childhood, and the infection rarely causes any symptoms of disease in healthy individuals. However, in people with weaker immune systems—for example, newborn babies, people with AIDS, or individuals who have received an organ transplant—HCMV can cause life-threatening illnesses. It is difficult for the immune system to fight the infection because HCMV is able to hide in cells within the bone marrow called hematopoietic stem cells. Inside these cells, the virus can survive in a ‘dormant’ state for many years, before being reactivated and starting to multiply again. In most people, the immune system manages to control this new outbreak of HCMV, and the virus becomes dormant again, but reactivation of the virus in individuals with weakened immune systems is much more likely to cause serious illness. The results of previous studies suggest that when HCMV infects the hematopoietic stem cells, human proteins switch off the expression of many virus genes, which makes the virus inactive. The virus can be reactivated when infected stem cells change into a type of immune cell called dendritic cells, but it is not clear how this is controlled. Here, Rauwel et al. reveal that a human protein called KAP1 is responsible for switching off the virus genes in the stem cells. It does so by interacting with two other proteins to alter the structure of the DNA in these genes. However, if the stem cells are stimulated to change into dendritic cells, KAP1 becomes inactive, which allows the virus genes to be switched on. Rauwel et al. also show that it is possible to force HCMV out of its dormant state by using drugs to block the activity of KAP1. This may aid the development of treatments that prevent the virus from causing serious illness in patients with weakened immune systems. For example, it could be used to remove dormant HCMV infections from bone marrow before it is transplanted into a new individual. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06068.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rauwel
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suk Min Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cassano
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adamandia Kapopoulou
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Barde
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Castro-Diaz N, Ecco G, Coluccio A, Kapopoulou A, Yazdanpanah B, Friedli M, Duc J, Jang SM, Turelli P, Trono D. Evolutionally dynamic L1 regulation in embryonic stem cells. Genes Dev 2014; 28:1397-409. [PMID: 24939876 PMCID: PMC4083085 DOI: 10.1101/gad.241661.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mobile elements are important evolutionary forces that challenge genomic integrity. Long interspersed element-1 (L1, also known as LINE-1) is the only autonomous transposon still active in the human genome. It displays an unusual pattern of evolution, with, at any given time, a single active L1 lineage amplifying to thousands of copies before getting replaced by a new lineage, likely under pressure of host restriction factors, which act notably by silencing L1 expression during early embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that in human embryonic stem (hES) cells, KAP1 (KRAB [Krüppel-associated box domain]-associated protein 1), the master cofactor of KRAB-containing zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs) previously implicated in the restriction of endogenous retroviruses, represses a discrete subset of L1 lineages predicted to have entered the ancestral genome between 26.8 million and 7.6 million years ago. In mice, we documented a similar chronologically conditioned pattern, albeit with a much contracted time scale. We could further identify an L1-binding KRAB-ZFP, suggesting that this rapidly evolving protein family is more globally responsible for L1 recognition. KAP1 knockdown in hES cells induced the expression of KAP1-bound L1 elements, but their younger, human-specific counterparts (L1Hs) were unaffected. Instead, they were stimulated by depleting DNA methyltransferases, consistent with recent evidence demonstrating that the PIWI-piRNA (PIWI-interacting RNA) pathway regulates L1Hs in hES cells. Altogether, these data indicate that the early embryonic control of L1 is an evolutionarily dynamic process and support a model in which newly emerged lineages are first suppressed by DNA methylation-inducing small RNA-based mechanisms before KAP1-recruiting protein repressors are selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Castro-Diaz
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Ecco
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Coluccio
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adamandia Kapopoulou
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benyamin Yazdanpanah
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Friedli
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Duc
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suk Min Jang
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Priscilla Turelli
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Didier Trono
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Jang SM, Azebi S, Soubigou G, Muchardt C. DYRK1A phoshorylates histone H3 to differentially regulate the binding of HP1 isoforms and antagonize HP1-mediated transcriptional repression. EMBO Rep 2014; 15:686-94. [PMID: 24820035 PMCID: PMC4197879 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201338356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) proteins are chromatin-bound transcriptional regulators. While their chromodomain binds histone H3 methylated on lysine 9, their chromoshadow domain associates with the H3 histone fold in a region involved in chromatin remodeling. Here, we show that phosphorylation at histone H3 threonine 45 and serine 57 within this latter region differentially affects binding of the three mammalian HP1 isoforms HP1α, HP1β and HP1γ. Both phosphorylation events are dependent on the activity of the DYRK1A kinase that antagonizes HP1-mediated transcriptional repression and participates in abnormal activation of cytokine genes in Down's syndrome-associated megakaryoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Min Jang
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Paris, France URA2578, CNRS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris06, IFD, Paris cedex05, France
| | - Saliha Azebi
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Paris, France URA2578, CNRS, Paris, France Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris06, IFD, Paris cedex05, France
| | - Guillaume Soubigou
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Génomes et Génétique, Plate-forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Paris, France
| | - Christian Muchardt
- Institut Pasteur, Dpt Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Paris, France URA2578, CNRS, Paris, France
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16
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Yoo HI, Jang SM, Kang JH, Kim MS, Koh JT, Jung JY, Kim WJ, Oh WM, Kim SH. PrPc is temporospatially expressed in molar development of rats. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2013; 296:1929-35. [PMID: 24127188 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Odontogenesis, tooth development, is derived from two tissue components: ectoderm and neural crest-derived mesenchyme. Cyto-differentiation of odontogenic cells during development involves time-dependent and sequential regulation of genetic programs. This study was conducted to detect molecules implicated in cyto-differentiation of developing molar germs of rats. Differential display-PCR revealed that PrP(c) was differentially expressed between cap/early bell-staged germs (maxillary 3rd molar germs) and root formation-staged germs (maxillary 2nd molar germs) at postnatal day 9. Both levels of PrP(c) mRNA and protein expression were higher in the root formation stage than the cap/early bell stage and increased in a time-dependent manner. Immunofluorescence revealed for the first time that PrP(c) was not localized in the enamel organ, but localized in dental follicular cells for the development of the periodontal ligament and cementum as well as odontoblasts, both of which are of neural crest origin. These results suggest that the physiological functions of the PrP(c) in tooth development may be implicated in the differentiation of neural crest-derived mesenchyme including the periodontal tissues for root formation rather than epithelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H I Yoo
- Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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17
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Coléno-Costes A, Jang SM, de Vanssay A, Rougeot J, Bouceba T, Randsholt NB, Gibert JM, Le Crom S, Mouchel-Vielh E, Bloyer S, Peronnet F. New partners in regulation of gene expression: the enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb Corto interacts with methylated ribosomal protein l12 via its chromodomain. PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1003006. [PMID: 23071455 PMCID: PMC3469418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromodomains are found in many regulators of chromatin structure, and most of them recognize methylated lysines on histones. Here, we investigate the role of the Drosophila melanogaster protein Corto's chromodomain. The Enhancer of Trithorax and Polycomb Corto is involved in both silencing and activation of gene expression. Over-expression of the Corto chromodomain (CortoCD) in transgenic flies shows that it is a chromatin-targeting module, critical for Corto function. Unexpectedly, mass spectrometry analysis reveals that polypeptides pulled down by CortoCD from nuclear extracts correspond to ribosomal proteins. Furthermore, real-time interaction analyses demonstrate that CortoCD binds with high affinity RPL12 tri-methylated on lysine 3. Corto and RPL12 co-localize with active epigenetic marks on polytene chromosomes, suggesting that both are involved in fine-tuning transcription of genes in open chromatin. RNA-seq based transcriptomes of wing imaginal discs over-expressing either CortoCD or RPL12 reveal that both factors deregulate large sets of common genes, which are enriched in heat-response and ribosomal protein genes, suggesting that they could be implicated in dynamic coordination of ribosome biogenesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments show that Corto and RPL12 bind hsp70 and are similarly recruited on gene body after heat shock. Hence, Corto and RPL12 could be involved together in regulation of gene transcription. We discuss whether pseudo-ribosomal complexes composed of various ribosomal proteins might participate in regulation of gene expression in connection with chromatin regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Coléno-Costes
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA2578, Paris, France
- INSERM Avenir, Paris, France
| | - Augustin de Vanssay
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Répression Épigénétique et Éléments Transposables, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Répression Épigénétique et Éléments Transposables, Paris, France
| | - Julien Rougeot
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
| | - Tahar Bouceba
- Plateforme d'Ingénierie des Protéines, Service d'Interaction des Biomolécules, IFR83, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Paris, France
| | - Neel B. Randsholt
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gibert
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Le Crom
- École Normale Supérieure, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS, IBENS, Plateforme Génomique, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1024, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Analyse des Données à Haut Débit en Génomique Fonctionnelle, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Analyse des Données à Haut Débit en Génomique Fonctionnelle, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuèle Mouchel-Vielh
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Bloyer
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Peronnet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7622, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Equipe Chromatine et Développement, Paris, France
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Lee SH, Jung YS, Chung JY, Oh AY, Lee SJ, Choi DH, Jang SM, Jang KS, Paik SS, Ha NC, Park BJ. Novel tumor suppressive function of Smad4 in serum starvation-induced cell death through PAK1-PUMA pathway. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e235. [PMID: 22130069 PMCID: PMC3252743 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
DPC4 (deleted in pancreatic cancer 4)/Smad4 is an essential factor in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling and is also known as a frequently mutated tumor suppressor gene in human pancreatic and colon cancer. However, considering the fact that TGF-β can contribute to cancer progression through transcriptional target genes, such as Snail, MMPs, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes, loss of Smad4 in human cancer would be required for obtaining the TGF-β signaling-independent advantage, which should be essential for cancer cell survival. Here, we provide the evidences about novel role of Smad4, serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis. Elimination of serum can obviously increase the Smad4 expression and induces the cell death by p53-independent PUMA induction. Instead, Smad4-deficient cells show the resistance to serum starvation. Induced Smad4 suppresses the PAK1, which promotes the PUMA destabilization. We also found that Siah-1 and pVHL are involved in PAK1 destabilization and PUMA stabilization. In fact, Smad4-expressed cancer tissues not only show the elevated expression of PAK1, but also support our hypothesis that Smad4 induces PUMA-mediated cell death through PAK1 suppression. Our results strongly suggest that loss of Smad4 renders the resistance to serum-deprivation-induced cell death, which is the TGF-β-independent tumor suppressive role of Smad4.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-H Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Kim CK, Jang SM, Park BK. Diffusion tensor imaging of normal prostate at 3 T: effect of number of diffusion-encoding directions on quantitation and image quality. Br J Radiol 2011; 85:e279-83. [PMID: 21896666 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/21316959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate differences of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using a different number of diffusion-encoding directions and to evaluate the feasibility of tractography in healthy prostate at 3 T. METHOD 12 healthy volunteers underwent DTI with single-shot echo-planar imaging at 3 T using a phased-array coil. Diffusion gradients of each DTI were applied in 6 (Group 1), 15 (Group 2) and 32 (Group 3) non-collinear directions. For each group, the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotrophy (FA) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) were measured in the peripheral zone (PZ) and central gland (CG). The quality of diffusion-weighted and tractographic images were also evaluated. RESULTS In all three groups, the mean ADC value of the CG was statistically lower than that of the PZ (p<0.01) and the mean FA value of the CG was statistically greater than that of the PZ (p<0.01). For the mean FA value of the CG, no statistical difference was seen among the three groups (p=0.052). However, the mean FA value of the PZ showed a statistical difference among the three groups (p=0.035). No significant difference in SNR values was seen among the three groups (p>0.05). Imaging quality of diffusion-weighted tractographic images was rated as satisfactory or better in all three groups and was similar among the three groups. CONCLUSION In conclusion, prostate DTI at 3 T was feasible with different numbers of diffusion-encoding directions. The number of diffusion-encoding directions did not have a significant effect on imaging quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Kim
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lavigne M, Eskeland R, Azebi S, Saint-André V, Jang SM, Batsché E, Fan HY, Kingston RE, Imhof A, Muchardt C. Interaction of HP1 and Brg1/Brm with the globular domain of histone H3 is required for HP1-mediated repression. PLoS Genet 2009; 5:e1000769. [PMID: 20011120 PMCID: PMC2782133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterochromatin-enriched HP1 proteins play a critical role in regulation of transcription. These proteins contain two related domains known as the chromo- and the chromoshadow-domain. The chromo-domain binds histone H3 tails methylated on lysine 9. However, in vivo and in vitro experiments have shown that the affinity of HP1 proteins to native methylated chromatin is relatively poor and that the opening of chromatin occurring during DNA replication facilitates their binding to nucleosomes. These observations prompted us to investigate whether HP1 proteins have additional histone binding activities, envisioning also affinity for regions potentially occluded by the nucleosome structure. We find that the chromoshadow-domain interacts with histone H3 in a region located partially inside the nucleosomal barrel at the entry/exit point of the nucleosome. Interestingly, this region is also contacted by the catalytic subunits of the human SWI/SNF complex. In vitro, efficient SWI/SNF remodeling requires this contact and is inhibited in the presence of HP1 proteins. The antagonism between SWI/SNF and HP1 proteins is also observed in vivo on a series of interferon-regulated genes. Finally, we show that SWI/SNF activity favors loading of HP1 proteins to chromatin both in vivo and in vitro. Altogether, our data suggest that HP1 chromoshadow-domains can benefit from the opening of nucleosomal structures to bind chromatin and that HP1 proteins use this property to detect and arrest unwanted chromatin remodeling. HP1 proteins are transcriptional regulators frequently associated with gene silencing, a phenomenon involving masking of promoter DNA by dense chromatin. Owing to their chromo-domain, these proteins can read and bind an epigenetic mark that on many non-expressed genes is present on histone H3 at the surface of the nucleosome (the fundamental packing unit of chromatin). However, the binding to this mark does not explain the repressing activity of HP1 proteins. Here, we show that these proteins can establish a second contact with histone H3, independently of the epigenetic mark. This second contact site is located inside the nucleosome, in a position likely to be inaccessible. Interestingly, this site is also contacted by a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex and this contact is required for the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling catalyzed by SWI/SNF. We provide evidence suggesting that HP1 proteins use the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling to gain access to the contact site inside the nucleosome and to prevent further remodeling by competing with SWI/SNF for binding at this position. These observations lead us to suggest that HP1 proteins function as gatekeepers on promoters, detecting and stopping unwanted exposure of internal nucleosomal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lavigne
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Recherche Associée URA2578 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, équipe AVENIR de l'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ragnhild Eskeland
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Histone Modifications Group, Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Saliha Azebi
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Recherche Associée URA2578 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, équipe AVENIR de l'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Violaine Saint-André
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Recherche Associée URA2578 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, équipe AVENIR de l'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Suk Min Jang
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Recherche Associée URA2578 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, équipe AVENIR de l'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Eric Batsché
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Recherche Associée URA2578 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, équipe AVENIR de l'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Hua-Ying Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Kingston
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Axel Imhof
- Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM, Histone Modifications Group, Adolf-Butenandt Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Muchardt
- Institut Pasteur, Département de Biologie du Développement, Unité de Recherche Associée URA2578 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Unité de Régulation Epigénétique, équipe AVENIR de l'Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale INSERM, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Moon OR, Kim NS, Jang SM, Yoon TH, Kim SO. The relationship between body mass index and the prevalence of obesity-related diseases based on the 1995 National Health Interview Survey in Korea. Obes Rev 2002; 3:191-6. [PMID: 12164471 DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study estimated the body mass index (BMI) distribution of Koreans and examined the relationship between BMI and obesity-related diseases, in particular hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We also attempted to provide primary data to determine suitable BMI cut-off points for obesity in Korea. The 1995 National Health Interview Study (NHIS) data were used to estimate BMI and the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A random sample of 5750 Koreans (15-69 years of age) were investigated. BMI was calculated by self-reported weights and heights. The diagnoses of hypertension and diabetes mellitus were obtained from self-reported conditions specified in response to consultations with physicians. The mean BMI was 22.6+/-2.6 kg m(-2) for males and 21.7+/-4.8 kg m(-2) for females. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus increased with BMI. The odds ratios of the third quartile of BMI (21.9-23.8 kg m(-2)) for hypertension and diabetes mellitus compared with the first quartile were 6.04 and 3.22, respectively. The odds ratio of the fourth quartile (>23.8 kg m(-2)) of BMI was not significantly different from that of the third quartile. The risk of hypertension and diabetes mellitus increased at the third quartile of BMI (21.9-23.8 kg m(-2)), this quartile being much lower than both the current World Health Organization (WHO) BMI cut-off point of overweight of 25.0 kg m(-2), and the 90th percentile proposed in the Monica project, BMI 26.4 kg m(-2). This finding was notable considering the fact that both hypertension and diabetes mellitus occur in Koreans with lower BMIs than whites. Further studies are necessary to identify the BMI cut-off point for obesity in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- O R Moon
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Korea.
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Back K, Jang SM, Lee BC, Schmidt A, Strack D, Kim KM. Cloning and characterization of a hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)transferase induced in response to UV-C and wounding from Capsicum annuum. Plant Cell Physiol 2001; 42:475-81. [PMID: 11382813 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pce060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA : tyramine N-(hydroxycinnamoyl) transferase (THT) is a pivotal enzyme in the synthesis of N-(hydroxycinnamoyl)-amines, which are associated with cell wall fortification in plants. The cDNA encoding THT was cloned from the leaves of UV-C treated Capsicum annuum (hot pepper) using a differential screening strategy. The predicted protein encoded by the THT cDNA is 250 amino acids in length and has a relative molecular mass of 28,221. The protein sequence derived from the cDNA shares 76% and 67% identity with the potato and tobacco THT protein sequences, respectively. The recombinant pepper THT enzyme was purified using a bacterial overexpression system. The purified enzyme has a broad substrate specificity including acyl donors such as cinnamoyl-, sinapoyl-, feruloyl-, caffeoyl-, and 4-coumaroyl-CoA and acceptors such as tyramine and octopamine. In UV-C treated plants, the THT mRNA was strongly induced in leaves, and the elevated level of expression was stable for up to 36 h. THT mRNA also increased in leaves that were detached from the plant but not treated with UV-C. THT expression was measured in different plant tissues, and was constitutive at a similar level in leaf, root, stem, flower and fruit. Induction of THT mRNA was correlated with an increase in THT protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Back
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, 500-757 South Korea.
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Hong YC, Paik SR, Lee HJ, Lee KH, Jang SM. Magnesium inhibits nickel-induced genotoxicity and formation of reactive oxygen. Environ Health Perspect 1997; 105:744-8. [PMID: 9294721 PMCID: PMC1470112 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.97105744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nickel compounds are recognized to cause nasal and lung cancers. Magnesium is an effective protector against nickel-induced carcinogenesis in vivo, although its mechanisms of protection remain elusive. The effects of magnesium carbonate on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by nickel subsulfide were examined with respect to the inhibition of cell proliferation, micronuclei formation, DNA-protein cross-link formation, and intranuclear nickel concentration. The generation of reactive oxygen by nickel chloride was also analyzed by observing 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation from deoxyguanosine in the presence and absence of magnesium chloride. The suppression of up to 64% of the proliferation of BALB/3T3 fibroblasts by nickel subsulfide (1 microgram/ml) was reversed by magnesium. The nickel compound increased not only the number of micronuclei but also the amount of DNA-protein cross-links examined with CHO and BALB/3T3 cells, respectively. These genotoxic effects of nickel were again lessened by magnesium carbonate. In addition, the cellular accumulation of nickel increased 80-fold with nickel subsulfide treatment and decreased with magnesium carbonate treatment. Nickel also enhanced 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation in the presence of H2O2 and ascorbic acid, where magnesium played another suppressive role. In fact, inhibition by magnesium was still observed even in the absence of nickel treatment. These results suggest that the protective role of magnesium in nickel-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity can be attributed to its ability to reduce either the intracellular nickel concentration or reactive oxygen formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Inha University Medical College, Inchon, Korea
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