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Henningham M, Gilroy J, McGlone J, Meehan D, Nila F, McAtamney A, Buchanan T. Utilising the CREATE quality appraisal tool to analyse Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' involvement and reporting of cancer research in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100142. [PMID: 38574430 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander involvement in research focusing on cancer experiences using an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander quality appraisal tool (the QAT). METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' experiences associated with cancer, recently published elsewhere. We then appraised articles for the inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-led research, community consultation, and involvement. RESULTS 91 articles were appraised. A lack of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-led research and consultation was reported in the majority of articles, only 10 (11%) demonstrated success across seven (50%) or more questions of the QAT. CONCLUSIONS This review underscores the need for anti-racist research and publication practices that actively engage Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and researchers. This approach is vital to enhance cancer outcomes within these communities. IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH To advance and prioritise appropriate involvement of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in cancer research, the onus must be on 'systems owners,' including academic journals and institutions, to require and report genuine engagement as standard practice. Researchers will produce higher-calibre research with a strengths-based focus, advancing the cause of equitable research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Henningham
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - John Gilroy
- Charles Perkins Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Drew Meehan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Farhana Nila
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Gilroy J, Henningham M, Meehan D, Nila F, McGlone J, McAtamney A, Whittaker K, Brown B, Varlow M, Buchanan T. Systematic review of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' experiences and supportive care needs associated with cancer. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:523. [PMID: 38378574 PMCID: PMC10877816 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent disparities exist between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples (the Indigenous peoples of Australia) and non-Indigenous Australians associated with cancer, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples experiencing a longer time to treatment, higher morbidity rates, and higher mortality rates. This systematic review aimed to investigate findings and recommendations in the literature about the experiences and supportive care needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with cancer in Australia. METHODS A qualitative systematic review was conducted using thematic analysis. Database searches were conducted in CINAHL, Informit, MEDLINE, ProQuest, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between January 2000 and December 2021. There were 91 included studies which were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. The included studies reported on the experiences of cancer and supportive care needs in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. RESULTS Six key themes were determined: Culture, family, and community; cancer outcomes; psychological distress; access to health care; cancer education and awareness; and lack of appropriate data. Culture was seen as a potential facilitator to achieving optimal cancer care, with included studies highlighting the need for culturally safe cancer services and the routine collection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status in healthcare settings. CONCLUSION Future work should capitalize on these findings by encouraging the integration of culture in healthcare settings to increase treatment completion and provide a positive experience for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Gilroy
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mandy Henningham
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Drew Meehan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia.
| | - Farhana Nila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Bena Brown
- Inala Indigenous Health Service, Metro South Health, Inala, QLD, 4077, Australia
| | - Megan Varlow
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Tanya Buchanan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Freeman B, Dessaix A, Buchanan T. Closing loopholes in Australian vaping laws: Why Australia's proposed vaping reforms are sound public health policy. Aust N Z J Public Health 2024; 48:100114. [PMID: 38267306 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Freeman
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Public Health, Australia.
| | | | - Tanya Buchanan
- Cancer Council Australia, Australia; University of Wollongong, Faculty of Arts, Social Science and Humanities, School of Health and Society, Australia
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Buchanan T, Lindorff K, Carson-Chahhoud K. E-cigarette regulation: Is it time for a new Framework Convention on Tobacco Control? Respirology 2023; 28:220-222. [PMID: 36754355 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Buchanan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Health and Society (Public Health), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Translational Medicine and Technology Research Group, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Buchanan T, White SL, Marshall H, Carson-Chahhoud KV, Magee CA, Kelly PJ. Authors' response to 'Vaping nicotine should be part of Australia's tobacco control policy'. Aust N Z J Public Health 2022; 46:918. [PMID: 35436021 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Buchanan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, New South Wales
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
| | | | - Henry Marshall
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland
- University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland
| | | | | | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
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Buchanan T, White SL, Marshall H, Carson-Chahhoud KV, Magee CA, Kelly PJ. Time to rethink tobacco dependence treatment in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:538-540. [PMID: 34529331 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Buchanan
- Cancer Council Australia, Sydney, New South Wales.,School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
| | | | - Henry Marshall
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland.,University of Queensland Thoracic Research Centre, Brisbane, Queensland
| | | | | | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, New South Wales.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, New South Wales
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Abstract
We undertook a systematic review to identify and summarise studies on hardcore smoking and hardening to: determine the degree of variability in definitions of hardcore smoking and hardening; assess the evidence for claims that smokers are becoming increasingly hardened within the context of harm reduction as a policy initiative; and identify the determining characteristics of a hardcore smoker. We searched five electronic databases from 1970 to mid-April 2018 using the search term "smok* AND hard* AND (tobacco OR cigar* OR nicotin*)". We included studies if they included a definition of hardcore smokers and/or hardening, and provided a prevalence rate for hard core smokers or empirical evidence for hardening. Definitions of hardcore smoker varied substantially across studies. Hardening was not evident in the general smoking population and we found mounting evidence of softening occurring in smoking populations. These results indicate that hardening of smokers is not occurring and that calls for policy interventions on this basis should be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Buchanan
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia. .,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Christopher A Magee
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Hayley V See
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, Australia
| | - Peter J Kelly
- School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Building 41, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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Buchanan T, Magee CA, Igwe EO, Kelly PJ. Is the Australian smoking population hardening? Addict Behav 2021; 112:106575. [PMID: 32871404 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hardening hypothesis proposes that as smoking rates decline, the remaining smokers will become hardcore and resistant to quitting. This group of highly resistant quitters will potentially require more individualistic approaches to cessation and harm reduction. The harm reduction approach (specifically e-cigarettes) has been proposed as an option to address hardened Australian smokers. We tested the hardening hypothesis by analysing the rates of hardcore smoking in the Australian smoking population between 2010 and 2016. METHODS Data were drawn from three waves of the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Two different definitions were used to assess hardcore smoking to arrive at an upper and lower rate. Logistic regression models assessed hardcore smoker characteristics for both definitions of hardcore smoking. RESULTS The most inclusive definition of hardcore smoking (i.e., a smoker with no plan to quit) showed a significant decline in hardcore smoking between 2010 and 2016 (5.49%-4.85%) In contrast, the prevalence of hardcore smoking using the most stringent definition (i.e., a current daily smoker of at least 15 cigarettes per day, aged 26 years or over, with no intention to quit, a lifetime consumption of at least 100 cigarettes, and no quit attempt in the past 12 months) did not change significantly between 2010 and 2016. CONCLUSION The observed trends in the prevalence of hardcore smokers (i.e., either stable or declining depending on the definition) suggest that the Australian smoking population is not hardening. These results do not support claims that remaining smokers are becoming hardcore.
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McDonald CF, Jones S, Beckert L, Bonevski B, Buchanan T, Bozier J, Carson‐Chahhoud KV, Chapman DG, Dobler CC, Foster JM, Hamor P, Hodge S, Holmes PW, Larcombe AN, Marshall HM, McCallum GB, Miller A, Pattemore P, Roseby R, See HV, Stone E, Thompson BR, Ween MP, Peters MJ. Electronic cigarettes: A position statement from the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand. Respirology 2020; 25:1082-1089. [PMID: 32713105 PMCID: PMC7540297 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The TSANZ develops position statements where insufficient data exist to write formal clinical guidelines. In 2018, the TSANZ addressed the question of potential benefits and health impacts of electronic cigarettes (EC). The working party included groups focused on health impacts, smoking cessation, youth issues and priority populations. The 2018 report on the Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes from the United States NASEM was accepted as reflective of evidence to mid-2017. A search for papers subsequently published in peer-reviewed journals was conducted in August 2018. A small number of robust and important papers published until March 2019 were also identified and included. Groups identified studies that extended, modified or contradicted the NASEM report. A total of 3793 papers were identified and reviewed, with summaries and draft position statements developed and presented to TSANZ membership in April 2019. After feedback from members and external reviewers, a collection of position statements was finalized in December 2019. EC have adverse lung effects and harmful effects of long-term use are unknown. EC are unsuitable consumer products for recreational use, part-substitution for smoking or long-term exclusive use by former smokers. Smokers who require support to quit smoking should be directed towards approved medication in conjunction with behavioural support as having the strongest evidence for efficacy and safety. No specific EC product can be recommended as effective and safe for smoking cessation. Smoking cessation claims in relation to EC should be assessed by established regulators.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoke-free environments have been one of the great success stories in tobacco control in Australia. In this paper, we describe the current situation with respect to smoke-free environments in Australia, identify opportunities for extending and/or strengthening smoke-free environments, and discuss the challenges alternative nicotine delivery devices such as e-cigarettes pose to the traditional notion of 'smoke-free'. Type of program: Smoke-free environments are an essential element in a comprehensive approach to tobacco control. They are recognised in the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and in the Australian National Tobacco Strategy. RESULTS There is strong evidence that smoke-free environments support smokers to make a quit attempt, support ex-smokers to maintain their resolve, and protect the health of non-smokers and ex-smokers alike. LESSONS LEARNT Smoke-free environments have contributed to reductions in smoking prevalence. They are not yet fully deployed in public policy in Australia, and policy makers should extend smoke-free environments to areas such as high-roller rooms in casinos, prisons, residential mental health facilities and multi-unit residences. E-cigarettes are challenging the ways we think about 'smoke-free', and have the capacity to undermine smoke-free successes if regulation does not prevent their use in smoke-free environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanya Buchanan
- Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, Sydney, NSW; School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Wendy Oakes
- National Heart Foundation of Australia, Sydney, NSW
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Lobo D, DeBenedet C, Fehlner-Gardiner C, Nadin-Davis S, Anderson M, Buchanan T, Middel K, Filejski C, Hopkins J. Raccoon rabies outbreak in Hamilton, Ontario: A progress report. Can Commun Dis Rep 2018; 44:116-121. [PMID: 31007622 PMCID: PMC6449115 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v44i05a05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Raccoon rabies is caused by a variant of the rabies virus found in raccoons but transmissible to other mammalian species, including humans. The disease of rabies caused by raccoon variant rabies virus is indistinguishable from rabies caused by other rabies virus variants. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the raccoon rabies outbreak in Ontario (identified in December 2015) and the control measures undertaken to curb the spread of the epizootic using the One Health approach. INVESTIGATION AND RESULTS Representatives from local, provincial and federal agencies collectively activated a raccoon rabies response that involved policy updates, enhanced surveillance, a public education campaign and mass vaccination of wildlife and domestic animals. Between December 2015 and June 2017, 338 animals tested positive for raccoon rabies in Ontario. While the majority of the cases were raccoons, there was significant spillover into striped skunks, as well as other species including two cats, a fox and a llama. Viral genome sequencing determined that this epizootic was likely caused by long-distance translocation from the United States. CONCLUSION This outbreak of raccoon rabies is by far the largest to have occurred in Canada and the first raccoon rabies outbreak documented in a densely populated urban area. This is also the first time this rabies virus variant has been identified in a domestic animal in Canada. A collaborative approach involving numerous stakeholders in the public and private sectors has been instrumental in addressing this epizootic. Though case incidence appears to be declining, several years will likely be required to reach elimination. Continued collaboration between these agencies is necessary to achieve this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lobo
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine Residency Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - C DeBenedet
- Hamilton Public Health Services, Hamilton, ON
| | | | | | - M Anderson
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Guelph, ON
| | - T Buchanan
- Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON
| | - K Middel
- Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Peterborough, ON
| | - C Filejski
- Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care, Toronto, ON
| | - J Hopkins
- Region of Peel, Mississauga, ON
- Department of Health Research Methods, Epidemiology, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
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Jardine CM, Parmley EJ, Buchanan T, Nituch L, Ojkic D. Avian metapneumovirus subtype C in Wild Waterfowl in Ontario, Canada. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1098-1102. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Jardine
- Department of Pathobiology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
- Department of Pathobiology; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - E. J. Parmley
- Department of Pathobiology; Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - T. Buchanan
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Trent University; Peterborough ON Canada
| | - L. Nituch
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry; Trent University; Peterborough ON Canada
| | - D. Ojkic
- Animal Health Laboratory; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
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Dieli-Conwright CM, Mortimer JE, Spicer D, Tripathy D, Buchanan T, Demark-Wahenfried W, Bernstein L. Effects of a 16-week Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight/Obese Latina Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Vila-Rodriguez F, Panenka WJ, Lang DJ, Thornton AE, Vertinsky T, Wong H, Barr AM, Procyshyn RM, Sidhu JJ, Smith GN, Buchanan T, Krajden M, Krausz M, Montaner JS, MacEwan GW, Honer WG. The hotel study: multimorbidity in a community sample living in marginal housing. Am J Psychiatry 2013; 170:1413-22. [PMID: 23929175 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The health of people living in marginal housing is not well characterized, particularly from the perspective of multimorbid illness. The authors investigated this population in a community sample. METHOD A prospective community sample (N=293) of adults living in single-room occupancy hotels was followed for a median of 23.7 months. Assessment included psychiatric and neurological evaluation, multimodal MRI, and viral testing. RESULTS Previous homelessness was described in 66.6% of participants. Fifteen deaths occurred during 552 person-years of follow-up. The standardized mortality ratio was 4.83 (95% CI=2.91-8.01). Substance dependence was ubiquitous (95.2%), with 61.7% injection drug use. Psychosis was the most common mental illness (47.4%). A neurological disorder was present in 45.8% of participants, with definite MRI findings in 28.0%. HIV serology was positive in 18.4% of participants, and hepatitis C virus serology in 70.3%. The median number of multimorbid illnesses (from a list of 12) was three. Burden of multimorbidity was significantly correlated with lower role functioning score. Comorbid addiction or physical illness significantly decreased the likelihood of treatment for psychosis but not the likelihood of treatment for opioid dependence or HIV disease. Participants who died during follow-up appeared to have profiles of multimorbidity similar to those of the overall sample. CONCLUSIONS This marginally housed cohort had greater than expected mortality and high levels of multimorbidity with adverse associations with role function and likelihood of treatment for psychosis. These findings may guide the development of effective health care delivery in the setting of marginal housing.
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Musselman B, Della Badia C, Grias I, Buchanan T, Green M. Impact of a Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery Fellowship on Mode of Hysterectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2013.08.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Scholey AB, Owen L, Gates J, Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Ling J, Heffernan T, Swan P, Stough C, Parrott AC. Hair MDMA samples are consistent with reported ecstasy use: findings from a study investigating effects of ecstasy on mood and memory. Neuropsychobiology 2011; 63:15-21. [PMID: 20962543 DOI: 10.1159/000321833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our group has conducted several Internet investigations into the biobehavioural effects of self-reported recreational use of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine or Ecstasy) and other psychosocial drugs. Here we report a new study examining the relationship between self-reported Ecstasy use and traces of MDMA found in hair samples. METHODS In a laboratory setting, 49 undergraduate volunteers performed an Internet-based assessment which included mood scales and the University of East London Drug Use Questionnaire, which asks for history and current drug use. They also provided a hair sample for determination of exposure to MDMA over the previous month. RESULTS Self-report of Ecstasy use and presence in hair samples were consistent (p < 0.00001). Both subjective and objective measures predicted lower self-reported ratings of happiness and higher self-reported stress. Self-reported Ecstasy use, but not presence in hair, was also associated with decreased tension. CONCLUSION Different psychoactive drugs can influence long-term mood and cognition in complex and dynamically interactive ways. Here we have shown a good correspondence between self-report and objective assessment of exposure to MDMA. These data suggest that the Internet has potentially high utility as a useful medium to complement traditional laboratory studies into the sequelae of recreational drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Scholey
- Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Dockrell M, DeLacy E, Morrison R, Buchanan T, Lewis KE. P186 Public attitudes to the UK smoking ban. Thorax 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/thx.2010.151043.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Arnow B, Millheiser L, Garrett A, Lake Polan M, Glover G, Hill K, Lightbody A, Watson C, Banner L, Smart T, Buchanan T, Desmond J. Women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder compared to normal females: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience 2009; 158:484-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Schäfer-Graf U, Xiang A, Buchanan T, Berkowitz K, Kjos S, Vetter K. Risikofaktoren für einen postpartal persistierenden Diabetes nach Schwangerschaften mit Gestationsdiabetes. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1023017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Kennedy D, Jackson P, Elliott J, Robertson B, Greer J, Buchanan T, Tiplady B, Scholey A. An evaluation of the cognitive and mood effects of administration with a multivitamin and mineral supplement for 12 weeks in schoolchildren. Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chinuck R, Buchanan T, Dewar J, Baldwin D, Teahon K, Corton F, Davison G, White G. 217 Placement and replacement of gastrostomies under general anaesthetic in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). J Cyst Fibros 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(07)60200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parrott AC, Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Ling J, Heffernan T, Scholey AB. Dancing hot on Ecstasy: physical activity and thermal comfort ratings are associated with the memory and other psychobiological problems reported by recreational MDMA users. Hum Psychopharmacol 2006; 21:285-98. [PMID: 16856221 DOI: 10.1002/hup.773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-drug factors such as ambient temperature can heighten the adverse effects of MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine) in animals. We assessed whether dancing and feeling hot on Ecstasy would be associated with more psychobiological problems in recreational users. METHODS In an internet study, 206 unpaid participants (modal age 16-24) reported that they had used recreational Ecstasy/MDMA. They completed a drug use questionnaire, the Prospective Memory Questionnaire (PMQ), questions about dancing and feeling hot when on Ecstasy, and psychobiological problems afterwards. RESULTS Those who danced 'all the time' when on Ecstasy, reported significantly more PMQ memory problems than the less intensive dancers. Prolonged dancing was also associated with more complaints of depression, memory problems, concentration and organizational difficulties afterwards. Feeling hot when on Ecstasy was associated with poor concentration in the comedown period, and with mood fluctuation and impulsivity off-drug. PMQ long-term problems demonstrated a significant curvilinear relationship with thermal self-ratings; more memory problems were noted by those who felt very hot, and by those who did not feel hot when on Ecstasy. CONCLUSIONS Non-drug factors such as dancing and feeling hot are associated with the incidence of psychobiological problems reported by recreational Ecstasy/MDMA users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Parrott
- University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, Wales, UK.
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Heffernan TM, Ling J, Parrott AC, Buchanan T, Scholey AB, Rodgers J. Self-rated everyday and prospective memory abilities of cigarette smokers and non-smokers: a web-based study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2005; 78:235-41. [PMID: 15893154 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined self-ratings of two aspects of everyday memory performance: long-term prospective memory-measured by the prospective memory questionnaire (PMQ), and everyday memory-measured by the everyday memory questionnaire (EMQ). Use of other substances was also measured and used as covariates in the study. To ensure confidentiality and to expand the numbers used in previous studies, an Internet study was carried out and data from 763 participants was gathered. After controlling for other drug use and strategy use, the data from the PMQ revealed that smokers reported a greater number of long-term prospective memory errors than non-smokers. There were also differences between light and heavier smokers in long-term prospective memory, suggesting that nicotine may have a dose-dependent impact upon long-term prospective memory performance. There was also a significant ANOVA group effect on the EMQ, although the trend for more memory errors amongst the heavier smokers was statistically only borderline (p=.057). These findings suggest there are selective memory deficits associated with smoking and that long-term prospective memory deficits should be added to the growing list of problems associated with cigarette use.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Heffernan
- Human Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
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Alves G, Abreu J, Ribeiro Filho J, Muzzi L, Oliveira H, Tannus R, Buchanan T. Efeitos do ozônio nas lesões de reperfusão do jejuno em eqüinos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2004. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352004000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigaram-se os efeitos do ozônio nas lesões de reperfusão intestinais de eqüinos. Induziu-se obstrução vascular (2h) seguida de reperfusão (12h) e os animais receberam os seguintes protocolos: não tratado (n=7, 500ml solução salina 0,9%) e tratado com ozônio (n=6, 50µgkg-1). Amostras intestinais foram examinadas em 0, 1, 2h (obstrução) e 1, 2, 12h (reperfusão). Os seguintes escores histomorfológicos apresentaram-se significativamente atenuados: na região da mucosa - desprendimento epitelial, infiltrado de neutrófilos e hemorragia; na submucosa - infiltrado de neutrófilos e edema. Essas diferenças ocorreram na fase inicial da reperfusão, coincidindo com a geração de radicais livres derivados do oxigênio. Os efeitos conservadores observados podem estar associados à modulação de enzimas antioxidantes, ou à propriedades bioquímicas do ozônio, que interferiram com etapas bioquímicas da reperfusão, representando uma alternativa terapêutica para o tratamento de pacientes acometidos por abdome agudo.
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Parrott AC, Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Scholey AB, Heffernan T, Ling J. The reality of psychomotor problems, and the possibility of Parkinson's disorder, in some recreational ecstasy/MDMA users: a rejoinder to Sumnall et al. (2003). Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2004; 171:231-3. [PMID: 14634710 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2003] [Accepted: 07/02/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Parrott
- School of Psychology, University of East London, E15 4LZ, London, UK. a.c.
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Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Scholey AB, Heffernan TM, Ling J, Parrott AC. Patterns of drug use and the influence of gender on self-reports of memory ability in ecstasy users: a web-based study. J Psychopharmacol 2003; 17:389-96. [PMID: 14870950 DOI: 10.1177/0269881103174016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Research indicates that the use of recreational drugs, including MDMA ('ecstasy') can result in impairments in cognitive functioning. Recent evidence, based on accounts of 'on drug' effects and cortical binding ratios suggests that women may be more susceptible to the effects of MDMA; however, no research has explored whether there are differences in the long-term behavioural sequelae of the drug between men and women. In addition, little is known about the profile of functioning of the 'typical' user. The present investigation accessed a large sample of recreational drug users, using the Internet, to obtain self-reports of memory functioning with a view to exploring any differences in self-reported ability amongst male and female users, and the level of difficulty reported by the 'typical' ecstasy user. A web site (www.drugresearch.org.uk) was developed and used for data collection. Prospective memory ability was assessed using the Prospective Memory Questionnaire. Self-report of day-to-day memory performance was investigated using the Everyday Memory Questionnaire. The UEL Drug Questionnaire assessed the use of other substances. The number of mistakes made while completing the questionnaires was also taken as an objective measure of performance errors. Findings, based on datasets submitted from 763 respondents, indicate no differences in self-reports of functioning between male and female participants. An overall dissociation between the effects of cannabis and ecstasy on self-reported memory functioning and on the likelihood of making an error during the completion of the questionnaire was found. Typical ecstasy users were found to report significantly more difficulties in long-term prospective memory and to make more completion errors than users of other substances and drug naive controls. Whilst taking into account the fact that participants were recruited via the World Wide Web and that a number of stringent exclusion criteria were applied to the data, a number of conclusions can be drawn. Recreational drug users perceive their memory ability to be impaired compared to non-users. The type of memory difficulties reported varies depending upon the drug of choice. These difficulties are exacerbated in ecstasy users. Individuals reporting average levels of use of ecstasy are more likely to report memory problems than non-ecstasy drug users or drug free individuals. The deleterious effects of ecstasy are therefore not restricted to heavy or chronic users. No gender differences were detected, suggesting that there may be a dissociation between cognitive impairment and cortical binding worthy of further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodgers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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McCue P, Martin CR, Buchanan T, Rodgers J, Scholey AB. An investigation into the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2003; 8:425-39. [DOI: 10.1080/1354850310001604568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Parrott AC, Buchanan T, Heffernan TM, Scholey A, Ling J, Rodgers J. Parkinson's disorder, psychomotor problems and dopaminergic neurotoxicity in recreational ecstasy/MDMA users. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003; 167:449-50. [PMID: 12682712 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-003-1447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2003] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ling J, Heffernan TM, Buchanan T, Rodgers J, Scholey AB, Parrott AC. Effects of Alcohol on Subjective Ratings of Prospective and Everyday Memory Deficits. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2003.tb04422.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ling J, Heffernan TM, Buchanan T, Rodgers J, Scholey AB, Parrott AC. Effects of alcohol on subjective ratings of prospective and everyday memory deficits. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2003; 27:970-4. [PMID: 12824818 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000071741.63467.cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that heavy alcohol use has a detrimental effect on retrospective memory. Less is known about the effect of alcohol on everyday memory. METHODS This study examined self-ratings of two aspects of memory performance: prospective memory (for example, forgetting to pass on a message) and everyday memory (measured by cognitive failures, such as telling someone a joke that you have told them before). To ensure anonymity and expand on the numbers of participants used in previous studies, data were collected by using the Internet. Data from 763 participants remained after data screening. RESULTS After controlling for other drug and strategy use, there was clear evidence that differential use of alcohol was associated with impairments in the long-term aspect of prospective memory and with an increased number of cognitive failures. CONCLUSIONS These results support and extend the findings of previous research: our findings are consistent with the idea that heavy use of alcohol does have a significant and negative effect on everyday cognitive performance. Possible causes of these impairments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ling
- Psychoology Section, University of Teesside, Middlesborough, United Kingdom.
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Parrott AC, Buchanan T, Scholey AB, Heffernan T, Ling J, Rodgers J. Ecstasy/MDMA attributed problems reported by novice, moderate and heavy recreational users. Hum Psychopharmacol 2002; 17:309-12. [PMID: 12404677 DOI: 10.1002/hup.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The recreational use of MDMA/Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is associated with many psychobiological problems, but there is a paucity of data on how these relate to the level of past use. OBJECTIVES to assess the incidence of Ecstasy-attributed problems as reported by novice, moderate and heavy users. METHODS 763 unpaid volunteers took part in a WWW study of recreational drug use. This report is based on the 282 Ecstasy users from that sample, who comprised 109 novice users (1-9 occasions), 136 moderate users (10-99 occasions), and 36 heavy users (+100 occasions). Yes/no responses were automatically recorded to a series of questions covering psychobiological problems experienced when drug-free, which were attributed by the respondents to their Ecstasy use. RESULTS Depression, memory problems, anxiety, mood fluctuation, poor concentration, infections, tremors/twitches and weight loss, were all significantly associated with the extent of Ecstasy use. Thus memory problems attributed to Ecstasy were reported by 19% of novice users, 52% of heavy users and 73% of heavy users (chi-square 42.74, df=2, p<0.001); many of the other variables showed similar trends. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of problems attributed to Ecstasy use, is directly related to the number of occasions it has been used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Parrott
- Recreational Drugs Research Group, School of Psychology, University of East London, London E15 4LZ, UK.
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Rodgers J, Buchanan T, Scholey AB, Heffernan TM, Ling J, Parrott A. Differential effects of Ecstasy and cannabis on self-reports of memory ability: a web-based study. Hum Psychopharmacol 2001; 16:619-625. [PMID: 12404542 DOI: 10.1002/hup.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Given the legal status of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), or Ecstasy, face-to-face access to participants is sometimes difficult. The number of participants in studies of cognitive performance amongst Ecstasy users is variable, with the average being around 30. Access to a larger number of participants is clearly desirable. The present investigation accessed a larger sample size using a web-based design. A website was developed and used for data collection. Prospective memory ability was assessed using the Prospective Memory Questionnaire. Self-report of day-to-day memory performance was investigated using the Everyday Memory Questionnaire. The Drug Questionnaire assessed the use of other substances as well as Ecstasy, allowing a regression design to isolate the contribution of each substance to any variance on the cognitive measures. Preliminary findings (N = 488) indicate that there is a clear double dissociation between the impact of Ecstasy and cannabis. We found that cannabis was associated with reports of 'here-and-now' cognitive problems in short-term and internally cued prospective memory. In contrast, Ecstasy was associated with reports of long-term memory problems, which were more related to storage and retrieval difficulties. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Rodgers
- Doctorate in Clinical Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Boeckh S, Buchanan C, Boeckh A, Wilkie S, Davis C, Buchanan T, Boothe D. Pharmacokinetics of the bovine formulation of enrofloxacin (Baytril 100) in horses. Vet Ther 2001; 2:129-134. [PMID: 19753705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Following approval of a concentrated injectable formulation of enrofloxacin for cattle (Baytril 100 Injectable, Bayer Corp. Agricultural Division, Shawnee Mission, KS), equine practitioners have started administering this preparation both parenterally and orally to horses, despite the lack of pharmacokinetic data in this species. Six healthy horses received enrofloxacin at 7.5 mg/kg both orally and intravenously, with the sequence being randomly assigned and at least 1 week of washout allowed between administrations. Blood samples were collected from each horse at various intervals after drug administration to study the pharmacokinetic profile of this product. As concentration-dependent antimicrobials, fluorinated quinolones such as enrofloxacin are most efficacious when the inhibitory quotient is at least 8. In this study, based on inhibitory quotients between 8 and 10, the bovine injectable formulation of enrofloxacin administered to horses intravenously or orally once daily at 7.5 mg/kg may be effective against susceptible organisms whose minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of the isolates is lower than 0.5 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Boeckh
- Brazos Valley Equine Hospital, 6999 Highway 6, Navasota, TX 77868, USA
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Abstract
Two studies examined the relationship between self-monitoring and factors influencing romantic attraction to others. In Study 1, participants completed an Internet-mediated version of the Self-Monitoring Scale (Gangestad & Snyder, 1985) and indicated which of two people (one physically attractive, one with a more desirable personality) they found most attractive. Results matched previous findings (Snyder, Berscheid, & Glick, 1985), but the effect was smaller. Study 2, a paper-and-pencil replication of Study 1, examined whether the weaker effect was due to Internet mediation and found no differences in the choices made by high and low self-monitors. Results suggested that while determinants of attraction may vary for different populations, Internet research methods can tap the same phenomena as traditional laboratory studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Buchanan
- University of Sunderland, Sunderland, England.
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Wagner RK, Hinson RM, Apodaca CC, Hoeldtke N, Buchanan T, Hume RF, Calhoun BC. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on interleukin-6 production in perfused human placental cotyledons. J Matern Fetal Med 2000; 9:351-5. [PMID: 11243293 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6661(200011/12)9:6<351::aid-mfm1006>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alters production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) or vascular tone in perfused placental cotyledons. METHODS Control and study cotyledons from nine placentas were perfused for 3 h. Study cotyledons received LPS in concentrations of 0.01 mcg/ml (n = 3), 0.1 mcg/ml (n = 3), or 1.0 mcg/ml (n = 3). Effluents were collected at 30, 60, 120, and 180 min following infusion with LPS. IL-6 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Perfusion pressures were recorded at 10-min intervals. Data were analyzed using ANOVA for repeated measures. RESULTS IL-6 production significantly increased over time in both the study and control cotyledons (P = 0.002). LPS treatment did not affect IL-6 production (P = 0.85) and there were no observable dose effects (P = 0.13). Perfusion pressures did not differ (P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS The isolated perfused placental cotyledon produces IL-6 and concentrations increase over time. LPS does not alter production of IL-6 or fetoplacental vascular tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Wagner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA.
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Buchanan T, Smith JL. Research on the Internet: validation of a World-Wide Web mediated personality scale. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 1999; 31:565-71. [PMID: 10633975 DOI: 10.3758/bf03200736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Two studies were performed to assess the validity of a World-Wide Web (WWW) measure of self-monitoring. In Study 1, Usenet Newsgroups likely to be read by high and low self-monitors were identified and a comparison was made of the extent to which contributors engaged in a form of self-presentation (use of handles or screen names) likely to be influenced by self-monitoring tendencies. Handles were used significantly more frequently in the high self-monitoring Newsgroups, supporting the distinction made. In Study 2, participants recruited through these sets of Newsgroups completed the WWW-mediated test. Those from the high self-monitoring groups scored significantly higher. Self-reports of self-monitoring behavior also reflected scores on the scale. The results are interpreted as demonstrating the construct validity of the instrument used and the viability of criterion-group-oriented methods in Internet-mediated research.
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Jäncke L, Buchanan T, Lutz K, Specht K, Mirzazade S, Shah NJ. The time course of the BOLD response in the human auditory cortex to acoustic stimuli of different duration. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 1999; 8:117-24. [PMID: 10407201 DOI: 10.1016/s0926-6410(99)00012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between activity within the human auditory cortices and the duration of heard tones was investigated by measuring the hemodynamic response with functional magnetic resonance imaging. We demonstrate that there is no significant influence of stimulus duration as used here on the intensity and spatial extent of the hemodynamic response in the auditory cortices. We found however, that the time course of the hemodynamic response to the repeated stimulus presentation exhibited a characteristic decline after the first stimulus exposure during the activation period. The possible reasons for this time course are currently unknown, however, several factors may be involved, including top-down mechanisms and/or the interplay of tissue perfusion and oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jäncke
- Institute of General Psychology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Abstract
This paper is concerned with determining how 'Florence Nightingale' functions in discourse about nurses and nursing. It argues that the nursing profession needs to recognise that the name 'Florence Nightingale' serves a political function that, even in the 1990s, is still used to construct certain truths about nursing praxis. More specifically, it argues that if the nursing profession wants to know how history affects its practice then we need to question the whole system of knowledge created about nurses and nursing through a reliance on a formation such as Nightingalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Buchanan
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Hobart, Tasmania.
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Abstract
The Internet is increasingly being used as a medium for psychological research. To assess the validity of such efforts, an electronic version of Gangestad & Snyder's (1985) revised self-monitoring questionnaire was placed at a site on the World Wide Web. In all, 963 responses were obtained through the Internet and these were compared with those from a group of 224 undergraduates who completed a paper-and-pencil version. Comparison of model fit indices obtained through confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the Internet-mediated version had similar psychometric properties to its conventional equivalent and compared favourably as a measure of self-monitoring. Reasons for possible superiority of Internet data are discussed. Results support the notion that Web-based personality assessment is possible, but stringent validation of test instruments is urged.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Buchanan
- Division of Psychology, University of Sunderland, UK
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Abstract
Previous research on the representation of nurses in literature has tended to rely on a 'quasi-scientific' method that ultimately produces catalogues of static images. This paper argues that literary representations of nurses must be analysed in terms of situational context. In order to accomplish this the narratological concepts of the chronotope and the donor are used, resulting in a dynamic and powerful reading of nurses in narrative tales.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Buchanan
- St. John of God Hospital, Subiaco Western Australia, Australia
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Al'Absi M, Bongard S, Buchanan T, Pincomb GA, Licinio J, Lovallo WR. Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine adjustment to public speaking and mental arithmetic stressors. Psychophysiology 1997; 34:266-75. [PMID: 9175441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and psychological adjustment to repeated presentations of a public speaking and a mental arithmetic task. Brief versions of mental arithmetic tasks have been used widely in previous reactivity studies, and growing attention to more socially salient tasks has led to the increased use of public speaking tasks. However, psychophysiological adjustment during extended and repeated exposure to these tasks has not been delineated. In the present study, 52 healthy men worked on three 8-min presentations of public speaking and of mental arithmetic in a repeated measure design. Both tasks produced substantial cardiovascular, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol responses; public speaking produced greater changes. Repeated presentations of public speaking produced a stable pattern of cardiac activation, whereas repetitions of the mental arithmetic initially produced large cardiac responses that changed to a more vascular tonus across task periods. Both tasks increased negative moods. However, correlations between the endocrine, cardiovascular, and negative moods were significant only during the public speaking stressor. The public speaking task is a socially relevant experimental protocol for studying reactivity in the laboratory setting and elicits relatively high, stable, and homogeneous responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al'Absi
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
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Fidell S, Silvati L, Howe R, Pearsons KS, Tabachnick B, Knopf RC, Gramann J, Buchanan T. Effects of aircraft overflights on wilderness recreationists. J Acoust Soc Am 1996; 100:2909-2918. [PMID: 8914306 DOI: 10.1121/1.417102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
On-site and telephone opinion surveys were conducted to assess outdoor recreationists' annoyance with aircraft overflights of wilderness areas. Although current technology for measuring noise exposure does not yet permit accurate and cost-effective estimates of dosage-response relationships in outdoor recreational settings, it was nonetheless possible to construct a rough relationship between estimated aircraft noise exposure and annoyance from the data of the on-site study. In the second survey, telephone interviews were administered to another sample of outdoor recreationists within 2 weeks of their return from visits to 12 wilderness areas. The prevalence of aircraft noise-induced annoyance (in any degree) among respondents in all wilderness areas ranged from 5% to 32%. The prevalence of a consequential degree of aircraft noise-induced annoyance among respondents was less than 5% in all wilderness areas combined. Noise-induced annoyance proved to be a more direct measure of the effects of aircraft overflights on recreationists than more global measures such as visit satisfaction or intent to revisit.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fidell
- BBN Acoustic Technologies, Canoga Park, California 91303-2853, USA
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Abstract
Evidence suggests a reduced pain sensitivity in hypertensive individuals. This study sought to extend this work to normotensive individuals with hypertensive parents. Men with a positive (PH+) or negative (PH-) parental history for hypertension rated their pain every 15 s during a 90-s hand cold pressor test and for 90 s after the cold pressor test. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures and heart rate were measured throughout. After the cold pressor test, the men recalled their pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. PH+ men showed greater SBP and DBP responses to the cold pressor test. Although pain ratings during the cold pressor test did not differ between groups, posttest reported pain receded faster in the PH+ than in the PH- men. The PH+ men also reported less total pain on the McGill. These findings support the hypothesis that risk for hypertension may be associated with attenuated pain responses to nociceptive stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M al'Absi
- Behavioral Sciences Laboratories (151A), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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Buchanan T. Pregnant women should keep out of hot tubs. RN 1993; 56:11. [PMID: 8516640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Nadler JL, Buchanan T, Natarajan R, Antonipillai I, Bergman R, Rude R. Magnesium deficiency produces insulin resistance and increased thromboxane synthesis. Hypertension 1993; 21:1024-9. [PMID: 8505087 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.21.6.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency may play an important role in cardiovascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the effects of a magnesium infusion and dietary-induced isolated magnesium deficiency on the production of thromboxane and on angiotensin II-mediated aldosterone synthesis in normal human subjects. Because insulin resistance may be associated with altered blood pressure, we also measured insulin sensitivity using an intravenous glucose tolerance test with minimal model analysis in six subjects. The magnesium infusion reduced urinary thromboxane concentration and angiotensin II-induced plasma aldosterone levels. The low magnesium diet reduced both serum magnesium and intracellular free magnesium in red blood cells as determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (186 +/- 10 [SEM] to 127 +/- 9 mM, p < 0.01). Urinary thromboxane concentration measured by radioimmunoassay increased after magnesium deficiency. Similarly, angiotensin II-induced plasma aldosterone concentration increased after magnesium deficiency. Analysis showed that all subjects studied had a decrease in insulin sensitivity after magnesium deficiency (3.69 +/- 0.6 to 2.75 +/- 0.5 min-1 per microunit per milliliter x 10(-4), p < 0.03). We conclude that dietary-induced magnesium deficiency 1) increases thromboxane urinary concentration and 2) enhances angiotensin-induced aldosterone synthesis. These effects are associated with a decrease in insulin action, suggesting that magnesium deficiency may be a common factor associated with insulin resistance and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nadler
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, Calif. 91010
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Kitzmiller JL, Buchanan T, Coustan D. Pre-pregnancy clinics for diabetic women. Lancet 1992; 340:919-20. [PMID: 1357337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
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Hilger DJ, Buchanan T. Computed tomography and myelography of the lumbar spine--community hospital experience. Iowa Med 1987; 77:69-73. [PMID: 3557905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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White JM, Byrne M, Richards R, Buchanan T, Katsoulis E, Weerasingh K. Red cell genetic abnormalities in Peninsular Arabs: sickle haemoglobin, G6PD deficiency, and alpha and beta thalassaemia. J Med Genet 1986; 23:245-51. [PMID: 3723553 PMCID: PMC1049636 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.23.3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The frequencies of four major red cell genetic defects, sickle haemoglobin (Hb S), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), and alpha and beta thalassaemia, have been determined in nearly 5000 subjects from the three major Peninsular Arab States, namely Yemen (North and South), the United Arab Emirates, and Oman. All four defects are common with an overall pattern of alpha thalassaemia greater than G6PD deficiency greater than beta thalassaemia greater than Hb A/S. However, the frequencies of these within each state varies and they are, respectively, Oman: 0.389, 0.328, 0.024, and 0.038; the United Arab Emirates: 0.165, 0.087, 0.017, and 0.019; and Yemen: 0.065, 0.062, 0.0624, and 0.0095. Two, namely alpha thalassaemia and G6PD deficiency, are extremely common, but in spite of this there appears to be a lack of observed clinical disease. For example, Hb H disease and Barts hydrops fetalis were not seen and the oxidative haemolytic syndromes are rare.
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