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Charmet R, Duffy S, Keshavarzi S, Gyorgy B, Marre M, Rossing P, McKnight AJ, Maxwell AP, Ahluwalia TVS, Paterson AD, Trégouët DA, Hadjadj S. Novel risk genes identified in a genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease in patients with type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:61. [PMID: 29695241 PMCID: PMC5916834 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with type 1 diabetes are more at risk of coronary artery disease than the general population. Although evidence points to a genetic risk there have been no study investigating genetic risk factors of coronary artery disease specific to individuals with type 1 diabetes. To identify low frequency and common genetic variations associated with coronary artery disease in populations of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods A two-stage genome wide association study was conducted. The discovery phase involved the meta-analysis of three genome-wide association cohorts totaling 434 patients with type 1 diabetes and coronary artery disease (cases) and 3123 T1D individuals with no evidence of coronary artery disease (controls). Replication of the top association signals (p < 10−5) was performed in five additional independent cohorts totaling 585 cases and 2612 controls. Results One locus (rs115829748, located upstream of the MAP1B gene) reached the statistical threshold of 5 × 10−8 for genome-wide significance but did not replicate. Nevertheless, three single nucleotide polymorphisms provided suggestive evidence for association with coronary artery disease in the combined studies: CDK18 rs138760780 (OR = 2.60 95% confidence interval [1.75–3.85], p = 2.02 × 10−6), FAM189A2 rs12344245 (OR = 1.85 [1.41–2.43], p = 8.52 × 10−6) and PKD1 rs116092985 (OR = 1.53 [1.27–1.85], p = 1.01 × 10−5). In addition, our analyses suggested that genetic variations at the ANKS1A, COL4A2 and APOE loci previously found associated with coronary artery disease in the general population could have stronger effects in patients with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions This study suggests three novel candidate genes for coronary artery disease in the subgroup of patients affected with type 1 diabetes. The detected associations deserve to be definitively validated in additional epidemiological studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0705-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Charmet
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Seamus Duffy
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sareh Keshavarzi
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Beata Gyorgy
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France.,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Départment de Diabétologie, Endocrinologie et Nutrition, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, DHU FIRE, Paris, France.,UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark.,University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alexander P Maxwell
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé (UMR_S) 1166, Team Genomics & Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France. .,ICAN Institute for Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Paris, France.
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- UFR de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France. .,INSERM, CIC 1402 & U1082, Poitiers, France. .,Service d'Endocrinologie-Diabétologie and Centre d'Investigation Clinique, CHU de Poitiers, BP 577, 86021, Poitiers Cedex, France.
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Morris RW, Taylor AE, Fluharty ME, Bjørngaard JH, Åsvold BO, Elvestad Gabrielsen M, Campbell A, Marioni R, Kumari M, Korhonen T, Männistö S, Marques-Vidal P, Kaakinen M, Cavadino A, Postmus I, Husemoen LLN, Skaaby T, Ahluwalia TVS, Treur JL, Willemsen G, Dale C, Wannamethee SG, Lahti J, Palotie A, Räikkönen K, McConnachie A, Padmanabhan S, Wong A, Dalgård C, Paternoster L, Ben-Shlomo Y, Tyrrell J, Horwood J, Fergusson DM, Kennedy MA, Nohr EA, Christiansen L, Kyvik KO, Kuh D, Watt G, Eriksson JG, Whincup PH, Vink JM, Boomsma DI, Davey Smith G, Lawlor D, Linneberg A, Ford I, Jukema JW, Power C, Hyppönen E, Jarvelin MR, Preisig M, Borodulin K, Kaprio J, Kivimaki M, Smith BH, Hayward C, Romundstad PR, Sørensen TIA, Munafò MR, Sattar N. Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008808. [PMID: 26264275 PMCID: PMC4538266 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity. DESIGN Mendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes. PARTICIPANTS 148,731 current, former and never-smokers of European ancestry aged ≥ 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio. RESULTS The data included up to 66,809 never-smokers, 43,009 former smokers and 38,913 current daily cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, for each extra minor allele, the geometric mean was lower for waist circumference by -0.40% (95% CI -0.57% to -0.22%), with effects on hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) being -0.31% (95% CI -0.42% to -0.19), -0.08% (-0.19% to 0.03%) and -0.74% (-0.96% to -0.51%), respectively. In contrast, among never-smokers, these effects were higher by 0.23% (0.09% to 0.36%), 0.17% (0.08% to 0.26%), 0.07% (-0.01% to 0.15%) and 0.35% (0.18% to 0.52%), respectively. When adjusting the three central adiposity measures for BMI, the effects among current smokers changed direction and were higher by 0.14% (0.05% to 0.22%) for waist circumference, 0.02% (-0.05% to 0.08%) for hip circumference and 0.10% (0.02% to 0.19%) for waist-hip ratio, for each extra minor allele. CONCLUSIONS For a given BMI, a gene variant associated with increased cigarette consumption was associated with increased waist circumference. Smoking in an effort to control weight may lead to accumulation of central adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Morris
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Amy E Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Meg E Fluharty
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Johan H Bjørngaard
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Forensic Department, Research Centre Bröset, St Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maiken Elvestad Gabrielsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Archie Campbell
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo Marioni
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Iris Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tea Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Tarun Veer Singh Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Dale
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Jari Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- The Medical and Population Genomics Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Christine Dalgård
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - David M Fergusson
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Ellen A Nohr
- Institute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Ohm Kyvik
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | | | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Debbie Lawlor
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Power
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pål R Romundstad
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederikberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Faculty of Medicine, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow, UK
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