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Kim C, Lane A, Vu THT, Lewis CB, Yin Z, Jiang H, Auchus RJ, Schreiner PJ. Prospective early adulthood risk factors for vasomotor symptoms in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Menopause 2024; 31:108-115. [PMID: 38270902 PMCID: PMC10827353 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have assessed potential risk factors for vasomotor symptoms (VMS) beginning in midlife. We examined whether early adulthood risk factors predict VMS trajectories over time. METHODS We performed a secondary data analysis of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a population-based cohort. We included women who answered questions about VMS at three or more examinations (n = 1,966). We examined whether risk factors at baseline (when participants were aged 18-30 y; average age, 25 y) and the year 15 (Y15) exam (at ages 33-45 y; average age, 40 y) were associated with VMS trajectories from Y15 through Y35. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations with VMS trajectories. RESULTS We identified three trajectories of VMS presence: minimal (40%), increasing over time (27%), and persistent (33%). Baseline factors associated with persistent VMS over time included Black race, less than a high school education, depressive symptoms, migraines, cigarette use, and at Y15 hysterectomy. Baseline factors associated with increasing VMS over time included Black race and lower body mass index. Risk factors for bothersome VMS were similar and also included thyroid disease, although thyroid disease was not associated with persistence of VMS over time. Associations were similar among women who had not undergone hysterectomy and in Black and White women. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors for VMS may be identified in early adulthood. Further examination of risk factors such as migraines and depressive symptoms in early adulthood may be helpful in identifying therapies for VMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Abbi Lane
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cora B. Lewis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhe Yin
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Pamela J. Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Lee C, Vu THT, Fuller JA, Freedman M, Bannon J, Wilkins JT, Moskowitz JT, Hirschhorn LR, Wallia A, Evans CT. The association of burnout with work absenteeism and the frequency of thoughts in leaving their job in a cohort of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Health Serv 2023; 3:1272285. [PMID: 38093812 PMCID: PMC10716445 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2023.1272285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Introduction During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, high levels of burnout were reported among healthcare workers. This study examines the association of work absenteeism and frequency of thoughts in leaving current job with burnout among a cohort of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey of healthcare workers was conducted from April-May, 2022 on healthcare workers from 10 hospitals, 18 immediate care centers, and 325 outpatient practices in the Chicago area and surrounding Illinois suburbs. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of burnout scores (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory-OLBI) and its sub-scores (exhaustion and disengagement scores) with work absenteeism and thoughts of leaving work. Results One-fifth and 60% of respondents (n = 1,825) reported unplanned absenteeism and thoughts of leaving their job, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, higher burnout scores, especially exhaustion scores, were associated with increased odds of unplanned absenteeism (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08). Burnout scores and both sub-scores were also positively associated with the frequency of thoughts of leaving work, e.g., each unit increase in the OLBI burnout score was associated with 1.39 (95% CI: 1.34-1.43) times higher odds of thinking about leaving work "a lot/constantly" vs. "never". Discussion Overall, this study cohort showed a positive association between burnout scores and unplanned work absenteeism (and frequency of thoughts in leaving job) during the COVID-19 pandemic. More research is needed to support healthcare worker well-being during times of stress and direct solutions to addressing unplanned absenteeism in the light of a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerina Lee
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - John A. Fuller
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Summer Research Opportunity Program (SROP), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Melanie Freedman
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, United States
| | - Jacqueline Bannon
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, United States
| | - John T. Wilkins
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith T. Moskowitz
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, United States
| | - Lisa R. Hirschhorn
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago IL, United States
- Robert J Harvey Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Amisha Wallia
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Charlesnika T. Evans
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Healthcare, Edward Hines, Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States
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Navas-Nacher EL, Estrella ML, Giachello AL, Payne TJ, Walker KL, Hart JL, Rodriguez CJ, Groom A, Landry RL, Kesh A, Vu THT, Sears CG, Tompkins LK, Robertson RM. Perceptions of electronic cigarettes among ethno-culturally diverse Latino adults in four US urban centers. Ethn Health 2022; 27:1207-1221. [PMID: 33249917 PMCID: PMC8240696 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2020.1844155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine perceptions including knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about e-cigarettes among ethno-culturally diverse Latino adults living in the US, a rapidly growing minority group for which we know little about their e-cigarette perceptions. DESIGN A total of 25 focus groups with Latinos (n = 180; ages 18-64 years) were conducted in 2014. E-cigarettes users and non-users were recruited via purposive sampling techniques. Participants completed brief questionnaires on sociodemographic factors and tobacco use. Focus group discussions were conducted in English and Spanish, audio-recorded, and transcribed. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis procedures. RESULTS Participants were of diverse Latino backgrounds. Over one-third (35%) reported current cigarette smoking and 8% reported current e-cigarette or hookah use. Nonsmokers reported experimenting with e-cigarettes and hookah during social occasions. Participants' perceptions towards e-cigarettes were generally formed in comparison to conventional cigarettes. Perceived benefits of using e-cigarettes included their utility as a smoking cessation aid, higher social acceptability, and lower harm compared to conventional cigarettes. Negative perceptions of e-cigarettes included lower overall satisfaction compared to conventional cigarettes and high content of toxins. Socio-cultural factors (e.g. gender roles, familismo, and simpatía) also influenced perceptions of e-cigarette of study participants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, Latino adults knew relatively little about the potential health risks associated with e-cigarette use. The limited knowledge about and misinformation of e-cigarettes among this rapidly growing minority group have important public health implications. Findings may inform culturally tailored health communication campaigns, which are much needed among underserved US Latino populations in light of low effectiveness of tobacco control and regulatory efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L. Navas-Nacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mayra L. Estrella
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aida L. Giachello
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thomas J. Payne
- Cancer Institute & Department of Otolaryngology and Communicative Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, MS, USA
| | - Kandi La Walker
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Allison Groom
- American Heart Association, Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robyn L. Landry
- American Heart Association, Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anshula Kesh
- American Heart Association, Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Clara G. Sears
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Rose Marie Robertson
- American Heart Association, Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center (A-TRAC), Dallas, TX, USA
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Vu THT, Van Horn L, Achenbach CJ, Rydland KJ, Cornelis MC. Diet and Respiratory Infections: Specific or Generalized Associations? Nutrients 2022; 14:1195. [PMID: 35334852 PMCID: PMC8954090 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Based on our recently reported associations between specific dietary behaviors and the risk of COVID-19 infection in the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort, we further investigate whether these associations are specific to COVID-19 or extend to other respiratory infections. Methods: Pneumonia and influenza diagnoses were retrieved from hospital and death record data linked to the UKB. Baseline, self-reported (2006−2010) dietary behaviors included being breastfed as a baby and intakes of coffee, tea, oily fish, processed meat, red meat (unprocessed), fruit, and vegetables. Logistic regression estimated the odds of pneumonia/influenza from baseline to 31 December 2019 with each dietary component, adjusting for baseline socio-demographic factors, medical history, and other lifestyle behaviors. We considered effect modification by sex and genetic factors related to pneumonia, COVID-19, and caffeine metabolism. Results: Of 470,853 UKB participants, 4.0% had pneumonia and 0.2% had influenza during follow up. Increased consumption of coffee, tea, oily fish, and fruit at baseline were significantly and independently associated with a lower risk of future pneumonia events. Increased consumption of red meat was associated with a significantly higher risk. After multivariable adjustment, the odds of pneumonia (p ≤ 0.001 for all) were lower by 6−9% when consuming 1−3 cups of coffee/day (vs. <1 cup/day), 8−11% when consuming 1+ cups of tea/day (vs. <1 cup/day), 10−12% when consuming oily fish in higher quartiles (vs. the lowest quartile—Q1), and 9−14% when consuming fruit in higher quartiles (vs. Q1); it was 9% higher when consuming red meat in the fourth quartile (vs. Q1). Similar patterns of associations were observed for influenza but only associations with tea and oily fish met statistical significance. The association between fruit and pneumonia risk was stronger in women than in men (p = 0.001 for interaction). Conclusions: In the UKB, consumption of coffee, tea, oily fish, and fruit were favorably associated with incident pneumonia/influenza and red meat was adversely associated. Findings for coffee parallel those we reported previously for COVID-19 infection, while other findings are specific to these more common respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.V.H.); (C.J.A.)
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.V.H.); (C.J.A.)
| | - Chad J. Achenbach
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.V.H.); (C.J.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Kelsey J. Rydland
- Research and Information Services, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
| | - Marilyn C. Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.V.H.); (C.J.A.)
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Khan SS, Krefman AE, Zhao L, Liu L, Chorniy A, Daviglus ML, Schiman C, Liu K, Shih T, Garside D, Vu THT, Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB. Association of Body Mass Index in Midlife With Morbidity Burden in Older Adulthood and Longevity. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e222318. [PMID: 35289856 PMCID: PMC8924714 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Abundant evidence links obesity with adverse health consequences. However, controversies persist regarding whether overweight status compared with normal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) is associated with longer survival and whether this occurs at the expense of greater long-term morbidity and health care expenditures. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of BMI in midlife with morbidity burden, longevity, and health care expenditures in adults 65 years and older. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective cohort study at the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry, with baseline in-person examination between November 1967 and January 1973 linked with Medicare follow-up between January 1985 and December 2015. Participants included 29 621 adults who were at least age 65 years in follow-up and enrolled in Medicare. Data were analyzed from January 2020 to December 2021. EXPOSURES Standard BMI categories. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES (1) Morbidity burden at 65 years and older assessed with the Gagne combined comorbidity score (ranging from -2 to 26, with higher score associated with higher mortality), which is a well-validated index based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for use in administrative data sets; (2) longevity (age at death); and (3) health care costs based on Medicare linkage in older adulthood (aged ≥65 years). RESULTS Among 29 621 participants, mean (SD) age was 40 (12) years, 57.1% were men, and 9.1% were Black; 46.0% had normal BMI, 39.6% were overweight, and 11.9% had classes I and II obesity at baseline. Higher cumulative morbidity burden in older adulthood was observed among those who were overweight (7.22 morbidity-years) and those with classes I and II obesity (9.80) compared with those with a normal BMI (6.10) in midlife (P < .001). Mean age at death was similar between those who were overweight (82.1 years [95% CI, 81.9-82.2 years]) and those who had normal BMI (82.3 years [95% CI, 82.1-82.5 years]) but shorter in those who with classes I and II obesity (80.8 years [95% CI, 80.5-81.1 years]). The proportion (SE) of life-years lived in older adulthood with Gagne score of at least 1 was 0.38% (0.00%) in those with a normal BMI, 0.41% (0.00%) in those with overweight, and 0.43% (0.01%) in those with classes I and II obesity. Cumulative median per-person health care costs in older adulthood were significantly higher among overweight participants ($12 390 [95% CI, $10 427 to $14 354]) and those with classes I and II obesity ($23 396 [95% CI, $18 474 to $28 319]) participants compared with those with a normal BMI (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, overweight in midlife, compared with normal BMI, was associated with higher cumulative burden of morbidity and greater proportion of life lived with morbidity in the context of similar longevity. These findings translated to higher total health care expenditures in older adulthood for those who were overweight in midlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya S. Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amy E. Krefman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lihui Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Anna Chorniy
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Cuiping Schiman
- Department of Economics, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro
| | - Kiang Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tina Shih
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel Garside
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Norrina B. Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Groom AL, Vu THT, Landry RL, Kesh A, Hart JL, Walker KL, Wood LA, Robertson RM, Payne TJ. The Influence of Friends on Teen Vaping: A Mixed-Methods Approach. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18136784. [PMID: 34202600 PMCID: PMC8296881 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vaping is popular among adolescents. Previous research has explored sources of information and influence on youth vaping, including marketing, ads, family, peers, social media, and the internet. This research endeavors to expand understanding of peer influence. Our hypothesis is that friends’ influence on teen vapers’ first electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use varies by demographic variables and awareness of ENDS advertising. In August–October 2017, youth (n = 3174) aged 13–18 completed an online survey to quantify ENDS behaviors and attitudes and were invited to participate in follow-up online research in November-December 2017 to probe qualitative context around perceptions and motivations (n = 76). This analysis focused on the ENDS users, defined as having ever tried any ENDS product, from the survey (n = 1549) and the follow-up research (n = 39). Among survey respondents, friends were the most common source of vapers’ first ENDS product (60%). Most survey respondents tried their first ENDS product while “hanging out with friends” (54%). Among follow-up research participants, the theme of socializing was also prominent. ENDS advertising and marketing through social media had a strong association with friend networks; in fact, the odds of friends as source of the first vaping experience were 2 times higher for those who had seen ENDS ads on social media compared with other types of media. The influence of friends is particularly evident among non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics/Latinos, those living in urban areas, those living in high-income households, those with higher self-esteem, and those who experiment with vaping. These findings support the premise that peer influence is a primary social influencer and reinforcer for vaping. Being included in a popular activity appears to be a strong driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison L. Groom
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (R.L.L.); (A.K.); (R.M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-214-641-9299
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Robyn L. Landry
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (R.L.L.); (A.K.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Anshula Kesh
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (R.L.L.); (A.K.); (R.M.R.)
| | - Joy L. Hart
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (J.L.H.); (K.L.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Kandi L. Walker
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (J.L.H.); (K.L.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Lindsey A. Wood
- Department of Communication, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (J.L.H.); (K.L.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Rose Marie Robertson
- American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, Dallas, TX 75231, USA; (R.L.L.); (A.K.); (R.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas J. Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Vu THT, Rydland KJ, Achenbach CJ, Van Horn L, Cornelis MC. Dietary Behaviors and Incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank. Nutrients 2021; 13:2114. [PMID: 34203027 PMCID: PMC8234071 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional status influences immunity but its specific association with susceptibility to COVID-19 remains unclear. We examined the association of specific dietary data and incident COVID-19 in the UK Biobank (UKB). METHODS We considered UKB participants in England with self-reported baseline (2006-2010) data and linked them to Public Health England COVID-19 test results-performed on samples from combined nose/throat swabs, using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-between March and November 2020. Baseline diet factors included breastfed as baby and specific consumption of coffee, tea, oily fish, processed meat, red meat, fruit, and vegetables. Individual COVID-19 exposure was estimated using the UK's average monthly positive case rate per specific geo-populations. Logistic regression estimated the odds of COVID-19 positivity by diet status adjusting for baseline socio-demographic factors, medical history, and other lifestyle factors. Another model was further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure. RESULTS Eligible UKB participants (n = 37,988) were 40 to 70 years of age at baseline; 17% tested positive for COVID-19 by SAR-CoV-2 PCR. After multivariable adjustment, the odds (95% CI) of COVID-19 positivity was 0.90 (0.83, 0.96) when consuming 2-3 cups of coffee/day (vs. <1 cup/day), 0.88 (0.80, 0.98) when consuming vegetables in the third quartile of servings/day (vs. lowest quartile), 1.14 (1.01, 1.29) when consuming fourth quartile servings of processed meats (vs. lowest quartile), and 0.91 (0.85, 0.98) when having been breastfed (vs. not breastfed). Associations were attenuated when further adjusted for COVID-19 exposure, but patterns of associations remained. CONCLUSIONS In the UK Biobank, consumption of coffee, vegetables, and being breastfed as a baby were favorably associated with incident COVID-19; intake of processed meat was adversely associated. Although these findings warrant independent confirmation, adherence to certain dietary behaviors may be an additional tool to existing COVID-19 protection guidelines to limit the spread of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Kelsey J. Rydland
- Research and Information Services, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Chad J. Achenbach
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Marilyn C. Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (C.J.A.); (L.V.H.)
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Lau CHE, Taylor-Bateman V, Vorkas PA, Graça G, Vu THT, Hou L, Chekmeneva E, Ebbels TMD, Chan Q, Van Horn L, Holmes E. Metabolic Signatures of Gestational Weight Gain and Postpartum Weight Loss in a Lifestyle Intervention Study of Overweight and Obese Women. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10120498. [PMID: 33291639 PMCID: PMC7761920 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10120498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight and obesity amongst women of reproductive age are increasingly common in developed economies and are shown to adversely affect birth outcomes and both childhood and adulthood health risks in the offspring. Metabolic profiling in conditions of overweight and obesity in pregnancy could potentially be applied to elucidate the molecular basis of the adverse effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight loss (WL) on future risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other chronic diseases. Methods: Biofluid samples were collected from 114 ethnically diverse pregnant women with body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2 from Chicago (US), as part of a randomized lifestyle intervention trial (Maternal Offspring Metabolics: Family Intervention Trial; NCT01631747). At 15 weeks, 35 weeks of gestation, and at 1 year postpartum, the blood plasma lipidome and metabolic profile of urine samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) respectively. Results: Urinary 4-deoxyerythronic acid and 4-deoxythreonic acid were found to be positively correlated to BMI. Seventeen plasma lipids were found to be associated with GWG and 16 lipids were found to be associated with WL, which included phosphatidylinositols (PI), phosphatidylcholines (PC), lysophospholipids (lyso-), sphingomyelins (SM) and ether phosphatidylcholine (PC-O). Three phospholipids found to be positively associated with GWG all contained palmitate side-chains, and amongst the 14 lipids that were negatively associated with GWG, seven were PC-O. Six of eight lipids found to be negatively associated with WL contained an 18:2 fatty acid side-chain. Conclusions: Maternal obesity was associated with characteristic urine and plasma metabolic phenotypes, and phospholipid profile was found to be associated with both GWG and postpartum WL in metabolically healthy pregnant women with overweight/obesity. Postpartum WL may be linked to the reduction in the intake of linoleic acid/conjugated linoleic acid food sources in our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho E. Lau
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK;
- Correspondence: (C.-H.E.L.); (E.H.)
| | - Victoria Taylor-Bateman
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Panagiotis A. Vorkas
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Gonçalo Graça
- Section of Bioinformatics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (G.G.); (T.M.D.E.)
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.H.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.H.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- National Phenome Centre and Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, IRDB Building, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Timothy M. D. Ebbels
- Section of Bioinformatics, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (G.G.); (T.M.D.E.)
| | - Queenie Chan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK;
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (T.-H.T.V.); (L.H.); (L.V.H.)
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section of Nutrition, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
- Correspondence: (C.-H.E.L.); (E.H.)
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Hernandez R, Vu THT, Kershaw KN, Boehm JK, Kubzansky LD, Carnethon M, Trudel-Fitzgerald C, Knutson KL, Colangelo LA, Liu K. The Association of Optimism with Sleep Duration and Quality: Findings from the Coronary Artery Risk and Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Behav Med 2020; 46:100-111. [PMID: 31339814 PMCID: PMC7282476 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1575179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Optimism is associated with better health outcomes with hypothesized effects due in part to optimism's association with restorative health processes. Limited work has examined whether optimism is associated with better quality sleep, a major restorative process. We test the hypothesis that greater optimism is associated with more favorable sleep quality and duration. Main analyses included adults aged 32-51 who participated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (n = 3,548) during the fifth (Year 15: 2000-2001) and sixth (Year 20: 2005-2006) follow-up visits. Optimism was assessed using the revised Life-Orientation Test. Self-report measures of sleep quality and duration were obtained twice 5 years apart. A subset of CARDIA participants (2003-2005) additionally provided actigraphic data and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Multivariate regression analyses were used to examine associations of optimism and sleep indicators. In cross-sectional analyses of 3548 participants, each standard deviation (SD) higher optimism score resulted in 78% higher odds of self-reporting very good sleep quality. Prospectively, a 1-SD higher optimism score was related to higher odds of reporting persistently good sleep quality across 5-years relative to those with persistently poor sleep [OR = 1.31; 95%CI:1.10,1.56]. In participant with supplementary data, each SD higher optimism score was marginally associated with 22% greater odds of favorable sleep quality [OR = 1.22; 95%CI:1.00,1.49] as measured by the PSQI, with possible mediation by depressive symptoms. Optimism was unrelated to objective actigraphic sleep data. Findings support a positive cross-sectional and prospective association between optimism and self-reported sleep behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Hernandez
- School of Social Work 1010 W Nevada St, Urbana IL, 61801, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kiarri N. Kershaw
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Julia K. Boehm
- Dept of Psychology, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA 92866
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Dept of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mercedes Carnethon
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald
- Dept of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kristen L. Knutson
- Dept of Neurology (Sleep Medicine), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Laura A. Colangelo
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Kiang Liu
- Dept of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611
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Vu THT, Hart JL, Groom A, Landry RL, Walker KL, Giachello AL, Tompkins L, Ma JZ, Kesh A, Robertson RM, Payne TJ. Age differences in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) usage motivations and behaviors, perceived health benefit, and intention to quit. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106054. [PMID: 31336264 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data from comprehensive studies are sparse regarding age differences in issues related to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) usage. This study examined age differences in usage motivations and behaviors, perceived health benefit, and quit intentions in a large and diverse sample recruited online. METHODS The sample included 1,432 current ENDS users, ages 18-64, drawn from a national online survey conducted in 2016. Descriptive and multivariable analyses were used. RESULTS The sample included participants in the following age groups: 18-24 (17.5%), 25-34 (38.6%), 35-44 (23.3%), and 45-64 (20.7%). With multiple adjustments, the 18-24 age group was more likely to vape for reasons such as flavors or friends' use, and to use multiple flavors and products with varying nicotine content. For example, the odds (95% CI) of vaping initiation due to flavor attraction vs. other reasons in the 18-24 age group were 1.40 (1.02-1.92), 2.73 (1.85-3.99), and 2.12 (1.41-3.18) compared to the 25-34, 35-44, and 45-64 age groups, respectively. In contrast, compared to older age groups, the 18-24 age group was less likely to use ENDS as an alternative to cigarettes or as a quitting device; they also used ENDS less frequently and perceived less health benefit of ENDS use. The 18-24 age group, especially those who had only used ENDS, had the lowest odds of likely quitting use of tobacco/nicotine products compared to other groups (lower by 44-73%). CONCLUSION There were significant age differences in ENDS usage motivations and behaviors, perceived health benefit, and quit intentions.
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Rethy L, Vu THT, Kershaw K, Mehta R, Shah NS, Carnethon M, Yancy CW, Lloyd-Jones DM, Khan SS. Increasing Burden of Heart Failure in Black Adults in the US: 1999-2016. J Card Fail 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vu THT, Daviglus ML, Liu K, Allen NB, Garside DB, Lloyd-Jones DM. Long-term favorable cardiovascular risk profile and 39-year development of major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities – The Chicago Healthy Aging Study (CHAS). J Electrocardiol 2018; 51:863-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Majka DS, Vu THT, Pope RM, Teodorescu M, Karlson EW, Liu K, Chang RW. Association of Rheumatoid Factors With Subclinical and Clinical Atherosclerosis in African American Women: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2017; 69:166-174. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy S. Majka
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Thanh-Huyen T. Vu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Richard M. Pope
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Marius Teodorescu
- TheraTest Laboratories; University of Illinois College of Medicine; Chicago
| | | | - Kiang Liu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
| | - Rowland W. Chang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago Illinois
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