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Schiffer TA, Carvalho LRRA, Guimaraes D, Boeder A, Wikström P, Carlström M. Specific NOX4 Inhibition Preserves Mitochondrial Function and Dampens Kidney Dysfunction Following Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:489. [PMID: 38671936 PMCID: PMC11047485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden episode of kidney failure which is frequently observed at intensive care units and related to high morbidity/mortality. Although AKI can have many different causes, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the main cause of AKI. Mechanistically, NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are involved in the pathophysiology contributing to oxidative stress following IR. Previous reports have indicated that knockout of NOX4 may offer protection in cardiac and brain IR, but there is currently less knowledge about how this could be exploited therapeutically and whether this could have significant protection in IR-induced AKI. Aim: To investigate the hypothesis that a novel and specific NOX4 inhibitor (GLX7013114) may have therapeutic potential on kidney and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of IR-induced AKI. Methods: Kidneys of male C57BL/6J mice were clamped for 20 min, and the NOX4 inhibitor (GLX7013114) was administered via osmotic minipump during reperfusion. Following 3 days of reperfusion, kidney function (i.e., glomerular filtration rate, GFR) was calculated from FITC-inulin clearance and mitochondrial function was assessed by high-resolution respirometry. Renal histopathological evaluations (i.e., hematoxylin-eosin) and TUNEL staining were performed for apoptotic evaluation. Results: NOX4 inhibition during reperfusion significantly improved kidney function, as evidenced by a better-maintained GFR (p < 0.05) and lower levels of blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.05) compared to untreated IR animals. Moreover, IR caused significant tubular injuries that were attenuated by simultaneous NOX4 inhibition (p < 0.01). In addition, the level of renal apoptosis was significantly reduced in IR animals with NOX4 inhibition (p < 0.05). These favorable effects of the NOX4 inhibitor were accompanied by enhanced Nrf2 Ser40 phosphorylation and conserved mitochondrial function, as evidenced by the better-preserved activity of all mitochondrial complexes. Conclusion: Specific NOX4 inhibition, at the time of reperfusion, significantly preserves mitochondrial and kidney function. These novel findings may have clinical implications for future treatments aimed at preventing AKI and related adverse events, especially in high-risk hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
| | | | - Drielle Guimaraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Ariela Boeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Per Wikström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
- Glucox Biotech AB, 17997 Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
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Carlström M, Rannier Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho L, Guimaraes D, Boeder A, Schiffer TA. Dimethyl malonate preserves renal and mitochondrial functions following ischemia-reperfusion via inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102984. [PMID: 38061207 PMCID: PMC10749277 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI), often experienced at the intensive care units, is associated with high morbidity/mortality where ischemia-reperfusion injury is a main causative factor. Succinate accumulation during ischemia contributes to the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species at reperfusion. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase has been associated with protective outcome in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion after 24h, but the effects on kidney and mitochondrial functions are less well studied. AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of succinate dehydrogenase inhibition, by using dimethyl malonate (DMM), on kidney and mitochondria functions in a mouse model of AKI. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with DMM or placebo, i.p. 30min prior to bilateral renal ischemia (20min). After 3-days of reperfusion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated from plasma clearance of FITC-inulin. Kidney mitochondria was isolated and mass specific and intrinsic mitochondrial function were evaluated by high resolution respirometry. Kidney sections were stained (i.e., hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL) and analyzed for histopathological evaluation of injuries and apotosis, respectively. NADPH oxidase activity in kidney and human proximal tubular cell-line (HK2) were measured luminometrically. RESULTS DMM treatment improved GFR (p < 0.05) and reduced levels of blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.01) compared to untreated animals, which was associated with lower degree of ischemia-reperfusion-induced tubular injuries (P < 0.001) and apoptosis (P < 0.01). These therapeutic renal effects were linked with improved mitochondrial function, both mass-specific and intrinsic. Finally, DMM treatment prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced NADPH oxidase activity in the kidney (p < 0.001), which was showed also in HK2 cells exposed to hypoxia and reoxygenation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase with DMM, in conjunction with the ischemia-reperfusion phase, significantly improved both renal and mitochondrial functions. These findings may have clinical implications for future therapeutic strategies to prevent development of AKI and associated adverse complications, especially in high risk hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Drielle Guimaraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ariela Boeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sivertsson E, Balboa A, Schiffer TA, Hansell P, Friederich-Persson M, Persson P, Palm F. Dose-dependent regulation of kidney mitochondrial function by angiotensin II. Ups J Med Sci 2023; 128:10312. [PMID: 38188249 PMCID: PMC10770640 DOI: 10.48101/ujms.v128.10312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intrarenal hypoxia has been suggested a unifying pathway to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increased mitochondria leak respiration, which increases mitochondrial oxygen usage and is one important mechanism contributing to the development of the hypoxia. Previous studies indicate that angiotensin II (Ang II) effects on mitochondria function could be dose dependent. We investigated how moderate and high levels of Ang II affect kidney mitochondria function and pathways of leak respiration. Methods C57 black 6 mice were treated with either vehicle or Ang II in low dose (400 ng/kg/min) or high dose (1,000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. The function of kidney cortex mitochondria was measured by high-resolution respirometry. Ang II effects on gene expression in kidney tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Thiobarbituric acids reactive substances were determined as a marker of oxidative stress, and urinary protein excretion was measured as a maker of kidney injury. Results Low-dose Ang II induced overall mitochondria respiration, without compromising capacity of ATP production. Mitochondrial leak respiration was increased, and levels of oxidative stress were unchanged. However, high-dose Ang II decreased overall mitochondria respiration and reduced mitochondrial capacity for ATP production. Mitochondrial leak respiration was decreased, and oxidative stress increased in kidney tissue. Furthermore, gene expression of mediators that stimulate vasoconstriction and ROS production was increased, while components of counteracting pathways were decreased. Conclusions In conclusion, Ang II dose-dependently affects mitochondrial function and leak respiration. Thus, Ang II has the potential to directly affect cellular metabolism during conditions of altered Ang II signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Sivertsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amanda Balboa
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Hansell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik Persson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kleschyov AL, Zhuge Z, Schiffer TA, Guimarães DD, Zhang G, Montenegro MF, Tesse A, Weitzberg E, Carlström M, Lundberg JO. NO-ferroheme is a signaling entity in the vasculature. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:1267-1275. [PMID: 37710073 PMCID: PMC10522487 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01411-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite wide appreciation of the biological role of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) signaling, questions remain about the chemical nature of NOS-derived bioactivity. Here we show that NO-like bioactivity can be efficiently transduced by mobile NO-ferroheme species, which can transfer between proteins, partition into a hydrophobic phase and directly activate the sGC-cGMP-PKG pathway without intermediacy of free NO. The NO-ferroheme species (with or without a protein carrier) efficiently relax isolated blood vessels and induce hypotension in rodents, which is greatly potentiated after the blockade of NOS activity. While free NO-induced relaxations are abolished by an NO scavenger and in the presence of red blood cells or blood plasma, a model compound, NO-ferroheme-myoglobin preserves its vasoactivity suggesting the physiological relevance of NO-ferroheme species. We conclude that NO-ferroheme behaves as a signaling entity in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei L Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
- Freiberg Instruments GmbH, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Drielle D Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, National Children's Regional Medical Center, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Tesse
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, UMR1087, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedicum, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Luther T, Bülow-Anderberg S, Persson P, Franzén S, Skorup P, Wernerson A, Hultenby K, Palm F, Schiffer TA, Frithiof R. Renal mitochondrial dysfunction in ovine experimental sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F571-F580. [PMID: 37102685 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00294.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheep develop sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) during experimental sepsis despite normal to increased renal oxygen delivery. A disturbed relation between oxygen consumption (V̇o2) and renal Na+ transport has been demonstrated in sheep and in clinical studies of AKI, which could be explained by mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated the function of isolated renal mitochondria compared with renal oxygen handling in an ovine hyperdynamic model of SA-AKI. Anesthetized sheep were randomized to either an infusion of live Escherichia coli with resuscitative measures (sepsis group; n = 13 animals) or served as controls (n = 8 animals) for 28 h. Renal V̇o2 and Na+ transport were repeatedly measured. Live cortical mitochondria were isolated at baseline and at the end of the experiment and assessed in vitro with high-resolution respirometry. Sepsis markedly reduced creatinine clearance, and the relation between Na+ transport and renal V̇o2 was decreased in septic sheep compared with control sheep. Cortical mitochondrial function was altered in septic sheep with a reduced respiratory control ratio (6.0 ± 1.5 vs. 8.2 ± 1.6, P = 0.006) and increased complex II-to-complex I ratio during state 3 (1.6 ± 0.2 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1, P = 0.0014) mainly due to decreased complex I-dependent state 3 respiration (P = 0.016). However, no differences in renal mitochondrial efficiency or mitochondrial uncoupling were found. In conclusion, renal mitochondrial dysfunction composed of a reduction of the respiratory control ratio and an increased complex II/complex I relation in state 3 was demonstrated in an ovine model of SA-AKI. However, the disturbed relation between renal V̇o2 and renal Na+ transport could not be explained by a change in renal cortical mitochondrial efficiency or uncoupling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied the function of renal cortical mitochondria in relation to oxygen consumption in an ovine model of sepsis with acute kidney injury. We demonstrated changes in the electron transport chain induced by sepsis consisting of a reduced respiratory control ratio mainly by a reduced complex I-mediated respiration. Neither an increase in mitochondrial uncoupling nor a reduction in mitochondrial efficiency was demonstrated and cannot explain why oxygen consumption was unaffected despite reduced tubular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Luther
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Bülow-Anderberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrik Persson
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Franzén
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul Skorup
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Wernerson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Division of Biomolecular and Cellular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Schiffer TA, Löf L, Gallini R, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Carlström M, Palm F. Mitochondrial Respiration-Dependent ANT2-UCP2 Interaction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:866590. [PMID: 35694398 PMCID: PMC9177158 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.866590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenine nucleotide translocases (ANTs) and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are known to facilitate proton leak across the inner mitochondrial membrane. However, it remains to be unravelled whether UCP2/3 contribute to significant amount of proton leak in vivo. Reports are indicative of UCP2 dependent proton-coupled efflux of C4 metabolites from the mitochondrial matrix. Previous studies have suggested that UCP2/3 knockdown (KD) contributes to increased ANT-dependent proton leak. Here we investigated the hypothesis that interaction exists between the UCP2 and ANT2 proteins, and that such interaction is regulated by the cellular metabolic demand. Protein-protein interaction was evaluated using reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay. KD of ANT2 and UCP2 was performed by siRNA in human embryonic kidney cells 293A (HEK293A) cells. Mitochondrial and cellular respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry. ANT2-UCP2 interaction was demonstrated, and this was dependent on cellular metabolism. Inhibition of ATP synthase promoted ANT2-UCP2 interaction whereas high cellular respiration, induced by adding the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP, prevented interaction. UCP2 KD contributed to increased carboxyatractyloside (CATR) sensitive proton leak, whereas ANT2 and UCP2 double KD reduced CATR sensitive proton leak, compared to UCP2 KD. Furthermore, proton leak was reduced in double KD compared to UCP2 KD. In conclusion, our results show that there is an interaction between ANT2-UCP2, which appears to be dynamically regulated by mitochondrial respiratory activity. This may have implications in the regulation of mitochondrial efficiency or cellular substrate utilization as increased activity of UCP2 may promote a switch from glucose to fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Tomas A. Schiffer,
| | - Liza Löf
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zheng X, Narayanan S, Xu C, Eliasson Angelstig S, Grünler J, Zhao A, Di Toro A, Bernardi L, Mazzone M, Carmeliet P, Del Sole M, Solaini G, Forsberg EA, Zhang A, Brismar K, Schiffer TA, Rajamand Ekberg N, Botusan IR, Palm F, Catrina SB. Repression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 contributes to increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in diabetes. eLife 2022; 11:70714. [PMID: 35164902 PMCID: PMC8846593 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a central mechanism for the development of diabetes complications. Recently, hypoxia has been identified to play an additional pathogenic role in diabetes. In this study, we hypothesized that ROS overproduction was secondary to the impaired responses to hypoxia due to the inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) by hyperglycemia. Methods: The ROS levels were analyzed in the blood of healthy subjects and individuals with type 1 diabetes after exposure to hypoxia. The relation between HIF-1, glucose levels, ROS production and its functional consequences were analyzed in renal mIMCD-3 cells and in kidneys of mouse models of diabetes. Results: Exposure to hypoxia increased circulating ROS in subjects with diabetes, but not in subjects without diabetes. High glucose concentrations repressed HIF-1 both in hypoxic cells and in kidneys of animals with diabetes, through a HIF prolyl-hydroxylase (PHD)-dependent mechanism. The impaired HIF-1 signaling contributed to excess production of mitochondrial ROS through increased mitochondrial respiration that was mediated by Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1). The restoration of HIF-1 function attenuated ROS overproduction despite persistent hyperglycemia, and conferred protection against apoptosis and renal injury in diabetes. Conclusions: We conclude that the repression of HIF-1 plays a central role in mitochondrial ROS overproduction in diabetes and is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic complications. These findings are timely since the first PHD inhibitor that can activate HIF-1 has been newly approved for clinical use. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the Swedish Research Council, Stockholm County Research Council, Stockholm Regional Research Foundation, Bert von Kantzows Foundation, Swedish Society of Medicine, Kung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestifelse, Karolinska Institute’s Research Foundations, Strategic Research Programme in Diabetes, and Erling-Persson Family Foundation for S-B.C.; grants from the Swedish Research Council and Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation for T.A.S.; and ERC consolidator grant for M.M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sampath Narayanan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jacob Grünler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allan Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Di Toro
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Foundation University Hospital Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luciano Bernardi
- Folkälsan Research Center, Folkälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB); Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Vesalius Research Center, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianna Del Sole
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Elisabete A Forsberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ao Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Neda Rajamand Ekberg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ileana Ruxandra Botusan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Centrum, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Elksnis A, Schiffer TA, Palm F, Wang Y, Cen J, Turpaev K, Ngamjariyawat A, Younis S, Huang S, Shen Y, Leng Y, Bergsten P, Karlsborn T, Welsh N, Wang X. Imatinib protects against human beta-cell death via inhibition of mitochondrial respiration and activation of AMPK. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2243-2263. [PMID: 34569605 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib is used in the treatment of various malignancies but may also promote beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the present investigation was to characterize the mechanisms by which imatinib protects insulin producing cells. Treatment of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with imatinib resulted in increased beta-cell AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Imatinib activated AMPK also in vitro, resulting in decreased ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation and protection against islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)-aggregation, thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) up-regulation and beta-cell death. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) mimicked and compound C counteracted the effect of imatinib on beta-cell survival. Imatinib-induced AMPK activation was preceded by reduced glucose/pyruvate-dependent respiration, increased glycolysis rates, and a lowered ATP/AMP ratio. Imatinib augmented the fractional oxidation of fatty acids/malate, possibly via a direct interaction with the beta-oxidation enzyme enoyl coenzyme A hydratase, short chain, 1, mitochondrial (ECHS1). In non-beta cells, imatinib reduced respiratory chain complex I and II-mediated respiration and acyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, suggesting that mitochondrial effects of imatinib are not beta-cell specific. In conclusion, tyrosine kinase inhibitors modestly inhibit mitochondrial respiration, leading to AMPK activation and TXNIP down-regulation, which in turn protects against beta-cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Elksnis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yun Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jing Cen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kyril Turpaev
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Center for Theoretical Problems of Physicochemical Pharmacology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anongnad Ngamjariyawat
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shady Younis
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, U.S.A
| | - Suling Huang
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shen
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Leng
- State key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tony Karlsborn
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, KBC Byggnaden, Plan 3, Linnaeus väg 6, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nils Welsh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xuan Wang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Moretti CH, Schiffer TA, Li X, Weitzberg E, Carlström M, Lundberg JO. Germ-free mice are not protected against diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13581. [PMID: 33222397 PMCID: PMC7988602 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aim Studies in the past 15 years have highlighted the role of the gut microbiota in modulation of host metabolism. The observation that germ‐free (GF) mice are leaner than conventionally raised (CONV) mice and their apparent resistance to diet‐induced obesity (DIO), sparked the interest in dissecting the possible causative role of the gut microbiota in obesity and metabolic diseases. However, discordant results among studies leave such relationship elusive. In this study, we compared the effects of chronic Western diet (WD) intake on body weight and metabolic function of GF and CONV mice. Methods We fed GF and CONV mice a WD for 16 weeks and monitored body weight weekly. At the end of the dietary challenge, the metabolic phenotype of the animals was assessed. Muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) and liver AMPK activation were investigated. Results Both GF and CONV mice gained weight and developed glucose intolerance when fed a WD. Moreover, WD feeding was associated with increased adipose tissue inflammation, repressed hepatic AMPK activity, fatty liver and elevated hepatic triglycerides in both groups of mice. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in the GF mouse is one of the proposed mechanisms for their resistance to DIO. The GF mice in this study showed higher CPT1 activity as compared to their CONV counterparts, despite not being protected from obesity. Conclusions We provide evidence that the microbiota is not an indispensable factor in the onset of obesity and metabolic dysfunction, suggesting that the relationship between gut bacteria and metabolic diseases needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara H. Moretti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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10
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Zhang G, Han H, Zhuge Z, Dong F, Jiang S, Wang W, Guimarães DD, Schiffer TA, Lai EY, Ribeiro Antonino Carvalho LR, Lucena RB, Braga VA, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Carlstrom M. Renovascular effects of inorganic nitrate following ischemia-reperfusion of the kidney. Redox Biol 2020; 39:101836. [PMID: 33360353 PMCID: PMC7772560 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity and increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). New strategies that restore redox balance may have therapeutic implications during AKI and associated complications. AIM To investigate the therapeutic value of boosting the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway during development of IR-induced renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. METHODS Male C57BL/6 J mice were given sodium nitrate (10 mg/kg, i. p) or vehicle 2 h prior to warm ischemia of the left kidney (45 min) followed by sodium nitrate supplementation in the drinking water (1 mmol/kg/day) for the following 2 weeks. Blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate were measured and blood and kidneys were collected and used for biochemical and histological analyses as well as renal vessel reactivity studies. Glomerular endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation, with or without angiotensin II, were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS IR was associated with reduced renal function and slightly elevated blood pressure, in combination with renal injuries, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, increased Ang II levels and Ang II-mediated vasoreactivity, which were all ameliorated by nitrate. Moreover, treatment with nitrate (in vivo) and nitrite (in vitro) restored NO bioactivity and reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress and injuries. CONCLUSIONS Acute treatment with inorganic nitrate prior to renal ischemia may serve as a novel therapeutic approach to prevent AKI and CKD and associated risk of developing cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gensheng Zhang
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept. of Neurobiology, Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huirong Han
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept. of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Anesthesia, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Dong
- Dept. of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Dept. of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Dept. of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Drielle D Guimarães
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - En Yin Lai
- Dept. of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Valdir A Braga
- Dept. of Biotechnology - Federal University of Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlstrom
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Moretti CH, Schiffer TA, Montenegro MF, Larsen FJ, Tsarouhas V, Carlström M, Samakovlis C, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. Dietary nitrite extends lifespan and prevents age-related locomotor decline in the fruit fly. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:860-870. [PMID: 32980539 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and signalling. Boosting of a dietary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway e.g. by ingestion of leafy green vegetables, improves cardiometabolic function, mitochondrial efficiency and reduces oxidative stress in humans and rodents, making dietary nitrate and nitrite an appealing intervention to address age-related disorders. On the other hand, these anions have long been implicated in detrimental health effects of our diet, particularly in formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. The aim of this study was to assess whether inorganic nitrite affects lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster and investigate possible mechanisms underlying any such effect. In a survival assay, female flies fed a nitrite supplemented diet showed lifespan extension by 9 and 15% with 0.1 and 1 μM nitrite respectively, with no impact of nitrite on reproductive output. Interestingly, nitrite could also protect female flies from age-dependent locomotor decline, indicating a protective effect on healthspan. NO generation from nitrite involved Drosophila commensal bacteria and was indicated by a fluorescent probe as well as direct measurements of NO gas formation with chemiluminescence. Nutrient sensing pathways such as TOR and sirtuins, have been strongly implicated in lifespan extension. In aged flies, nitrite supplementation significantly downregulated dTOR and upregulated dSir2 gene expression. Total triglycerides and glucose were decreased, a described downstream effect of both TOR and sirtuin pathways. In conclusion, we demonstrate that very low doses of dietary nitrite extend lifespan and favour healthspan in female flies. We propose modulation of nutrient sensing pathways as driving mechanisms for such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara H Moretti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Marcelo F Montenegro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, 114 86, Sweden
| | - Vasilios Tsarouhas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Christos Samakovlis
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
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12
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Zinner C, Willis SJ, Morales‐Alamo D, Calbet JA, Boushel R, Holmberg H. Mitochondrial oxygen affinity increases after sprint interval training and is related to the improvement in peak oxygen uptake. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 229:e13463. [PMID: 32144872 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The body responds to exercise training by profound adaptations throughout the cardiorespiratory and muscular systems, which may result in improvements in maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and mitochondrial capacity. By convenience, mitochondrial respiration is often measured at supra-physiological oxygen levels, an approach that ignores any potential regulatory role of mitochondrial affinity for oxygen (p50mito ) at physiological oxygen levels. METHODS In this study, we examined the p50mito of mitochondria isolated from the Vastus lateralis and Triceps brachii in 12 healthy volunteers before and after a training intervention with seven sessions of sprint interval training using both leg cycling and arm cranking. The changes in p50mito were compared to changes in whole-body VO2 peak. RESULTS We here show that p50mito is similar in isolated mitochondria from the Vastus (40 ± 3.8 Pa) compared to Triceps (39 ± 3.3) but decreases (mitochondrial oxygen affinity increases) after seven sessions of sprint interval training (to 26 ± 2.2 Pa in Vastus and 22 ± 2.7 Pa in Triceps, both P < .01). The change in VO2 peak modelled from changes in p50mito was correlated to actual measured changes in VO2 peak (R2 = .41, P = .002). CONCLUSION Together with mitochondrial respiratory capacity, p50mito is a critical factor when measuring mitochondrial function, it can decrease with sprint interval training and should be considered in the integrative analysis of the oxygen cascade from lung to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J. Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Christoph Zinner
- Department of Sport University of Applied Sciences for Police and Administration of Hesse Wiesbaden Germany
| | - Sarah J. Willis
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - David Morales‐Alamo
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Gran Canaria Spain
| | - Jose A.L. Calbet
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Gran Canaria Spain
- School of Kinesiology Faculty of Education The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Physical Performance The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Oslo Norway
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology Faculty of Education The University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Hans‐Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre Department of Health SciencesMid Sweden University Östersund Sweden
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13
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Schiffer TA, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Carlström M. Modulation of mitochondria and NADPH oxidase function by the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway in metabolic disease with focus on type 2 diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165811. [PMID: 32339643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play fundamental role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis, and metabolic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Pathophysiological mechanisms are coupled to increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, together with reduced bioactivity/signaling of nitric oxide (NO). Novel strategies restoring these abnormalities may have therapeutic potential in order to prevent or even treat T2D and associated cardiovascular and renal co-morbidities. A diet rich in green leafy vegetables, which contains high concentrations of inorganic nitrate, has been shown to reduce the risk of T2D. To this regard research has shown that in addition to the classical NO synthase (NOS) dependent pathway, nitrate from our diet can work as an alternative precursor for NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxide species via serial reductions of nitrate (i.e. nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway). This non-conventional pathway may act as an efficient back-up system during various pathological conditions when the endogenous NOS system is compromised (e.g. acidemia, hypoxia, ischemia, aging, oxidative stress). A number of experimental studies have demonstrated protective effects of nitrate supplementation in models of obesity, metabolic syndrome and T2D. Recently, attention has been directed towards the effects of nitrate/nitrite on mitochondrial functions including beiging/browning of white adipose tissue, PGC-1α and SIRT3 dependent AMPK activation, GLUT4 translocation and mitochondrial fusion-dependent improvements in glucose homeostasis, as well as dampening of NADPH oxidase activity. In this review, we examine recent research related to the effects of bioactive nitrogen oxide species on mitochondrial function with emphasis on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Schiffer TA, Larsen F, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Dietary nitrate and mitochondrial efficiency in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:486. [PMID: 32016354 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Schiffer
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Filip Larsen
- The Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences; Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
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15
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Christensen M, Schiffer TA, Gustafsson H, Krag SP, Nørregaard R, Palm F. Metformin attenuates renal medullary hypoxia in diabetic nephropathy through inhibition uncoupling protein-2. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3091. [PMID: 30345618 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of metformin on oxygen metabolism and mitochondrial function in the kidney of an animal model of insulinopenic diabetes in order to isolate any renoprotective effect from any concomitant effect on blood glucose homeostasis. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg kg-1 ) and when stable started on metformin treatment (250 mg kg-1 ) in the drinking water. Rats were prepared for in vivo measurements 25 to 30 days after STZ injection, where renal function, including glomerular filtration rate and sodium transport, was estimated in anesthetized rats. Intrarenal oxygen tension was measured using oxygen sensors. Furthermore, mitochondrial function was assessed in mitochondria isolated from kidney cortex and medulla analysed by high-resolution respirometry, and superoxide production was evaluated using electron paramagnetic resonance. RESULTS Insulinopenic rats chronically treated with metformin for 4 weeks displayed improved medullary tissue oxygen tension despite of no effect of metformin on blood glucose homeostasis. Metformin reduced UCP2-dependent LEAK and differentially affected medullary mitochondrial superoxide radical production in control and diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS Metformin attenuates diabetes-induced renal medullary tissue hypoxia in an animal model of insulinopenic type 1 diabetes. The results suggest that the mechanistic pathway to attenuate the diabetes-induced medullary hypoxia is independent of blood glucose homeostasis and includes reduced UCP2-mediated mitochondrial proton LEAK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Gustafsson
- Department of Radiology Norrköping and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Schiffer TA, Christensen M, Gustafsson H, Palm F. The effect of inactin on kidney mitochondrial function and production of reactive oxygen species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207728. [PMID: 30475856 PMCID: PMC6257915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactin is a long lasting anesthetic agent commonly used in rat studies, but is also shown to exert physiological effects such as reducing renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and depressing tubular transport capacity. The effect of inactin on isolated kidney mitochondria is unknown and may be important when studying related topics in anaesthetized animals. The aim of this study was to determine whether inactin exerts effects on mitochondrial function and production of reactive oxygen species. Kidney mitochondrial function and production of reactive oxygen after acutely (5 min) or longer (1.5 hour) anesthetizing rats with inactin was evaluated using high-resolution respirometry. The results demonstrate that inactin significantly improves respiratory control ratio, inhibits complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, reduce both unregulated proton leak and time dependently reduce the regulated proton leak via uncoupling protein-2 and adenine nucleotide translocase. Inactin also contributes to increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide production. In conclusion, inactin exerts persistent effects on mitochondrial function and these profound effects on mitochondrial function should to be considered when studying mitochondria isolated from animals anesthesized with inactin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Håkan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Cardinale DA, Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Morales-Alamo D, Ekblom B, Calbet JAL, Holmberg HC, Boushel R. Superior Intrinsic Mitochondrial Respiration in Women Than in Men. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1133. [PMID: 30174617 PMCID: PMC6108574 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is apparent in humans, however, to date no studies have investigated mitochondrial function focusing on intrinsic mitochondrial respiration (i.e., mitochondrial respiration for a given amount of mitochondrial protein) and mitochondrial oxygen affinity (p50mito) in relation to biological sex in human. A skeletal muscle biopsy was donated by nine active women, and ten men matched for maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and by nine endurance trained men. Intrinsic mitochondrial respiration, assessed in isolated mitochondria, was higher in women compared to men when activating complex I (CIP) and complex I+II (CI+IIP) (p < 0.05), and was similar to trained men (CIP, p = 0.053; CI+IIP, p = 0.066). Proton leak and p50mito were higher in women compared to men independent of VO2max. In conclusion, significant novel differences in mitochondrial oxidative function, intrinsic mitochondrial respiration and p50mito exist between women and men. These findings may represent an adaptation in the oxygen cascade in women to optimize muscle oxygen uptake to compensate for a lower oxygen delivery during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele A Cardinale
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain.,School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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18
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Schiffer TA, Gustafsson H, Palm F. Kidney outer medulla mitochondria are more efficient compared with cortex mitochondria as a strategy to sustain ATP production in a suboptimal environment. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F677-F681. [PMID: 29846107 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00207.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys receive ~25% of cardiac output, which is a prerequisite to maintain sufficient glomerular filtration rate. However, both intrarenal regional renal blood flow and tissue oxygen levels are heterogeneous with decreasing levels in the inner part of the medulla. These differences, in combination with the heterogeneous metabolic activity of the different nephron segment located in the different parts of the kidney, may constitute a functional problem when challenged. The proximal tubule and the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle are considered to have the highest metabolic rate, which is related to the high mitochondria content needed to sustain sufficient ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation to support high electrolyte transport activity in these nephron segments. Interestingly, the cells located in kidney medulla function at the verge of hypoxia, and the mitochondria may have adapted to the surrounding environment. However, little is known about intrarenal differences in mitochondria function. We therefore investigated functional differences between mitochondria isolated from kidney cortex and medulla of healthy normoglycemic rats by using high-resolution respirometry. The results demonstrate that medullary mitochondria had a higher degree of coupling, are more efficient, and have higher oxygen affinity, which would make them more suitable to function in an environment with limited oxygen supply. Furthermore, these results support the hypothesis that mitochondria of medullary cells have adapted to the normal hypoxic in vivo situation as a strategy of sustaining ATP production in a suboptimal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Radiology Norrköping, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden.,Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Håkan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Radiology Norrköping, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University , Linköping , Sweden
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19
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate acute effects of glossopharyngeal insufflation (GI) on lung function, airway pressure (Paw), blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in people with cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI). DESIGN Case-control design. SETTING Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Ten participants with CSCI suffering from lesions between C4 and C8, and ASIA classification of A or B were recruited. Ten healthy particpants familiar with GI were recruited as a reference group. OUTCOME MEASURES Spirometry, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), Paw, and HR were measured in a sitting and a supine position before, during, and after GI. RESULTS GI in the study group in a sitting position increased total lung capacity (TLC) by 712 ml: P < 0.001, vital capacity (VC) by 587 ml: P < 0.0001, Paw by 13 cm H2O: P < 0.01, and HR by 10 beats/min: P < 0.001. MAP decreased by 25 mmHg, P < 0.0001. Significant differences were observed between groups comparing baseline with GI. The reference group had a higher increase in; TLC (P < 0.01), VC (P < 0.001), Paw (P < 0.001) and HR (P < 0.05) and a higher decrease in MAP (P < 0.001). With GI in a sitting compared to a supine position, TLC, MAP, HR, Paw remained unchanged in the study group, while residual volume decreased in the supine position (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION There was a difference between the groups in the increase in TLC; VC; Paw, HR and in the decrease in MAP with GI, however MAP, HR and Paw responded in similar way in both groups in a sitting as well as a supine position. If performed correctly, the risks of GI resulting in clinically significant hemodynamic changes is low, although syncope may still occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Nygren-Bonnier
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, and Functional Area Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden,Correspondence to: Malin Nygren-Bonnier, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, 23100, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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Schiffer TA, Friederich-Persson M. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species and Kidney Hypoxia in the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Physiol 2017; 8:211. [PMID: 28443030 PMCID: PMC5386984 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms in the development of diabetic nephropathy are currently unclear and likely consist of a series of dynamic events from the early to late stages of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is currently without curative treatments and it is acknowledged that even the earliest clinical manifestation of nephropathy is preceded by an established morphological renal injury that is in turn preceded by functional and metabolic alterations. An early manifestation of the diabetic kidney is the development of kidney hypoxia that has been acknowledged as a common pathway to nephropathy. There have been reports of altered mitochondrial function in the diabetic kidney such as altered mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, uncoupling, and cellular signaling through hypoxia inducible factors and AMP-kinase. These factors are also likely to be intertwined in a complex manner. In this review, we discuss how these pathways are connected to mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and how they may relate to the development of kidney hypoxia in diabetic nephropathy. From available literature, it is evident that early correction and/or prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction may be pivotal in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping UniversityLinköping, Sweden
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Ivarsson N, Schiffer TA, Hernández A, Lanner JT, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Westerblad H. Dietary nitrate markedly improves voluntary running in mice. Physiol Behav 2016; 168:55-61. [PMID: 27794435 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate supplementation is shown to increase submaximal force in human and mouse skeletal muscles. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the increased submaximal force induced by nitrate supplementation reduces the effort of submaximal voluntary running, resulting in increased running speed and distance. C57Bl/6N male mice were fed nitrate in the drinking water and housed with or without access to an in-cage running wheel. Nitrate supplementation in sedentary mice had no effect on endurance in a treadmill test, nor did it enhance mitochondrial function. However, after three weeks with in-cage running wheel, mice fed nitrate ran on average 20% faster and 30% further than controls (p<0.01). Compared to running controls, this resulted in ~13% improved endurance on a subsequent treadmill test (p<0.05) and increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity, as judged from a mean increase in citrate synthase activity of 14% (p<0.05). After six weeks with nitrate, the mice were running 58% longer distances per night. When nitrate supplementation was removed from the diet, the running distance and speed decreased to the control level, despite the improved endurance achieved during nitrate supplementation. In conclusion, low-frequency force improvement due to nitrate supplementation facilitates submaximal exercise such as voluntary running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrés Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna T Lanner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zinner C, Morales-Alamo D, Ørtenblad N, Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Willis SJ, Gelabert-Rebato M, Perez-Valera M, Boushel R, Calbet JAL, Holmberg HC. The Physiological Mechanisms of Performance Enhancement with Sprint Interval Training Differ between the Upper and Lower Extremities in Humans. Front Physiol 2016; 7:426. [PMID: 27746738 PMCID: PMC5043010 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the differences in adaptation of arm and leg muscles to sprint training, over a period of 11 days 16 untrained men performed six sessions of 4–6 × 30-s all-out sprints (SIT) with the legs and arms, separately, with a 1-h interval of recovery. Limb-specific VO2peak, sprint performance (two 30-s Wingate tests with 4-min recovery), muscle efficiency and time-trial performance (TT, 5-min all-out) were assessed and biopsies from the m. vastus lateralis and m. triceps brachii taken before and after training. VO2peak and Wmax increased 3–11% after training, with a more pronounced change in the arms (P < 0.05). Gross efficiency improved for the arms (+8.8%, P < 0.05), but not the legs (−0.6%). Wingate peak and mean power outputs improved similarly for the arms and legs, as did TT performance. After training, VO2 during the two Wingate tests was increased by 52 and 6% for the arms and legs, respectively (P < 0.001). In the case of the arms, VO2 was higher during the first than second Wingate test (64 vs. 44%, P < 0.05). During the TT, relative exercise intensity, HR, VO2, VCO2, VE, and Vt were all lower during arm-cranking than leg-pedaling, and oxidation of fat was minimal, remaining so after training. Despite the higher relative intensity, fat oxidation was 70% greater during leg-pedaling (P = 0.017). The aerobic energy contribution in the legs was larger than for the arms during the Wingate tests, although VO2 for the arms was enhanced more by training, reducing the O2 deficit after SIT. The levels of muscle glycogen, as well as the myosin heavy chain composition were unchanged in both cases, while the activities of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were elevated only in the legs and capillarization enhanced in both limbs. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the variables that predict TT performance differ for the arms and legs. The primary mechanism of adaptation to SIT by both the arms and legs is enhancement of aerobic energy production. However, with their higher proportion of fast muscle fibers, the arms exhibit greater plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Zinner
- Department of Sport Science, Julius Maximilians University WürzburgWürzburg, Germany; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) and Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden; Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern DenmarkOdense, Denmark
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sarah J Willis
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University Östersund, Sweden
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) and Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Mario Perez-Valera
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) and Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS) and Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas, Spain; School of Kinesiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden UniversityÖstersund, Sweden; School of Kinesiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, BC, Canada; School of Sport Sciences, UiT Arctic University of NorwayTromsø, Norway
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Schiffer TA, Peleli M, Sundqvist ML, Ekblom B, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Larsen FJ. Control of human energy expenditure by cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV-2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C452-61. [PMID: 27486093 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00099.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in humans shows pronounced individual variations, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) plays a key role in control of metabolic rate, and recent studies of the subunit 4 isoform 2 (COX IV-2) indicate involvement in the cellular response to hypoxia and oxidative stress. We evaluated whether the COX subunit IV isoform composition may explain the pronounced individual variations in resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR was determined in healthy humans by indirect calorimetry and correlated to levels of COX IV-2 and COX IV-1 in vastus lateralis. Overexpression and knock down of the COX IV isoforms were performed in primary myotubes followed by evaluation of the cell respiration and production of reactive oxygen species. Here we show that COX IV-2 protein is constitutively expressed in human skeletal muscle and strongly correlated to RMR. Primary human myotubes overexpressing COX IV-2 displayed markedly (>60%) lower respiration, reduced (>50%) cellular H2O2 production, higher resistance toward both oxidative stress, and severe hypoxia compared with control cells. These results suggest an important role of isoform COX IV-2 in the control of energy expenditure, hypoxic tolerance, and mitochondrial ROS homeostasis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Peleli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michaela L Sundqvist
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; and
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Anesthesia & Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; and
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Ørtenblad N, Zinner C, Morales‐Alamo D, Willis SJ, Calbet JA, Holmberg H, Boushel R. High‐intensity sprint training inhibits mitochondrial respiration through aconitase inactivation. FASEB J 2015; 30:417-27. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-276857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip J. Larsen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesStockholmSweden
| | - Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsMuscle Research ClusterUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Christoph Zinner
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health SciencesMid Sweden UniversityÖstersundSweden
- Department of Sport ScienceJulius Maximilians UniversityWürzburgGermany
| | - David Morales‐Alamo
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)Las Palmas de Gran CanariaCanary IslandsSpain
| | - Sarah J. Willis
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health SciencesMid Sweden UniversityÖstersundSweden
| | - Jose A. Calbet
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS)Las Palmas de Gran CanariaCanary IslandsSpain
| | - Hans‐Christer Holmberg
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health SciencesMid Sweden UniversityÖstersundSweden
| | - Robert Boushel
- Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesStockholmSweden
- School of Kinesiology, University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Hezel MP, Liu M, Schiffer TA, Larsen FJ, Checa A, Wheelock CE, Carlström M, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Effects of long-term dietary nitrate supplementation in mice. Redox Biol 2015; 5:234-242. [PMID: 26068891 PMCID: PMC4475696 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inorganic nitrate (NO3-) is a precursor of nitric oxide (NO) in the body and a large number of short-term studies with dietary nitrate supplementation in animals and humans show beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, exercise efficiency, host defense and ischemia reperfusion injury. In contrast, there is a long withstanding concern regarding the putative adverse effects of chronic nitrate exposure related to cancer and adverse hormonal effects. To address these concerns we performed in mice, a physiological and biochemical multi-analysis on the effects of long-term dietary nitrate supplementation. Design 7 week-old C57BL/6 mice were put on a low-nitrate chow and at 20 weeks-old were treated with NaNO3 (1 mmol/L) or NaCl (1 mmol/L, control) in the drinking water. The groups were monitored for weight gain, food and water consumption, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, body composition and oxygen consumption until one group was reduced to eight animals due to death or illness. At that point remaining animals were sacrificed and blood and tissues were analyzed with respect to metabolism, cardiovascular function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results Animals were supplemented for 17 months before final sacrifice. Body composition, oxygen consumption, blood pressure, glucose tolerance were measured during the experiment, and vascular reactivity and muscle mitochondrial efficiency measured at the end of the experiment with no differences identified between groups. Nitrate supplementation was associated with improved insulin response, decreased plasma IL-10 and a trend towards improved survival. Conclusions Long term dietary nitrate in mice, at levels similar to the upper intake range in the western society, is not detrimental. Long term dietary nitrate supplementation for 17 months in mice. Nitrate treatment in the upper range in the western society diet, has no adverse health effects. Chronic nitrate intake in mice improves fasting insulin and insulin response. Cardiovascular and inflammatory parameters were unchanged after long-term dietary nitrate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Hezel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Filip J Larsen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Antonio Checa
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Craig E Wheelock
- Division of Physiological Chemistry 2, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz väg 2, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
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Soltysinska E, Bentzen BH, Barthmes M, Hattel H, Thrush AB, Harper ME, Qvortrup K, Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Losa-Reyna J, Straubinger J, Kniess A, Thomsen MB, Brüggemann A, Fenske S, Biel M, Ruth P, Wahl-Schott C, Boushel RC, Olesen SP, Lukowski R. KCNMA1 encoded cardiac BK channels afford protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103402. [PMID: 25072914 PMCID: PMC4114839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial potassium channels have been implicated in myocardial protection mediated through pre-/postconditioning. Compounds that open the Ca2+- and voltage-activated potassium channel of big-conductance (BK) have a pre-conditioning-like effect on survival of cardiomyocytes after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Recently, mitochondrial BK channels (mitoBKs) in cardiomyocytes were implicated as infarct-limiting factors that derive directly from the KCNMA1 gene encoding for canonical BKs usually present at the plasma membrane of cells. However, some studies challenged these cardio-protective roles of mitoBKs. Herein, we present electrophysiological evidence for paxilline- and NS11021-sensitive BK-mediated currents of 190 pS conductance in mitoplasts from wild-type but not BK-/- cardiomyocytes. Transmission electron microscopy of BK-/- ventricular muscles fibres showed normal ultra-structures and matrix dimension, but oxidative phosphorylation capacities at normoxia and upon re-oxygenation after anoxia were significantly attenuated in BK-/- permeabilized cardiomyocytes. In the absence of BK, post-anoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production from cardiomyocyte mitochondria was elevated indicating that mitoBK fine-tune the oxidative state at hypoxia and re-oxygenation. Because ROS and the capacity of the myocardium for oxidative metabolism are important determinants of cellular survival, we tested BK-/- hearts for their response in an ex-vivo model of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Infarct areas, coronary flow and heart rates were not different between wild-type and BK-/- hearts upon I/R injury in the absence of ischemic pre-conditioning (IP), but differed upon IP. While the area of infarction comprised 28±3% of the area at risk in wild-type, it was increased to 58±5% in BK-/- hearts suggesting that BK mediates the beneficial effects of IP. These findings suggest that cardiac BK channels are important for proper oxidative energy supply of cardiomyocytes at normoxia and upon re-oxygenation after prolonged anoxia and that IP might indeed favor survival of the myocardium upon I/R injury in a BK-dependent mode stemming from both mitochondrial post-anoxic ROS modulation and non-mitochondrial localizations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Hypoxia
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Ischemic Preconditioning
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits/genetics
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits/metabolism
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/chemistry
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/genetics
- Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels/metabolism
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/ultrastructure
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Tetrazoles/pharmacology
- Thiourea/analogs & derivatives
- Thiourea/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Soltysinska
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Hjorth Bentzen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Barthmes
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - Helle Hattel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A. Brianne Thrush
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Filip J. Larsen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jose Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julia Straubinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelina Kniess
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Morten Bækgaard Thomsen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Stefanie Fenske
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Ruth
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Wahl-Schott
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Christopher Boushel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren-Peter Olesen
- The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SPO); (RL)
| | - Robert Lukowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (SPO); (RL)
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Schiffer TA, Ekblom B, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Larsen FJ. Dynamic regulation of metabolic efficiency explains tolerance to acute hypoxia in humans. FASEB J 2014; 28:4303-11. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-251710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work PhysiologySwedish School of Sports and Health SciencesStockholmSweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Filip J. Larsen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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28
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Ekblom B, Mattsson MP, Checa A, Wheelock CE, Nyström T, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Dietary nitrate reduces resting metabolic rate: a randomized, crossover study in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 99:843-50. [PMID: 24500154 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.079491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrate, which is an inorganic anion abundant in vegetables, increases the efficiency of isolated human mitochondria. Such an effect might be reflected in changes in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and formation of reactive oxygen species. The bioactivation of nitrate involves its active accumulation in saliva followed by a sequential reduction to nitrite, nitric oxide, and other reactive nitrogen species. OBJECTIVE We studied effects of inorganic nitrate, in amounts that represented a diet rich in vegetables, on the RMR in healthy volunteers. DESIGN In a randomized, double-blind, crossover study, we measured the RMR by using indirect calorimetry in 13 healthy volunteers after a 3-d dietary intervention with sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) or a placebo (NaCl). The nitrate dose (0.1 mmol · kg⁻¹ · d⁻¹) corresponded to the amount in 200-300 g spinach, beetroot, lettuce, or other vegetable that was rich in nitrate. Effects of direct nitrite exposure on cell respiration were studied in cultured human primary myotubes. RESULTS The RMR was 4.2% lower after nitrate compared with placebo administration, and the change correlated strongly to the degree of nitrate accumulation in saliva (r² = 0.71). The thyroid hormone status, insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, plasma concentration of isoprostanes, and total antioxidant capacity were unaffected by nitrate. The administration of nitrite to human primary myotubes acutely inhibited respiration. CONCLUSIONS Dietary inorganic nitrate reduces the RMR. This effect may have implications for the regulation of metabolic function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J Larsen
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (FJL, TAS, MPM, JOL, and EW), Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II (AC and CEW), and Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset (TN), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and the Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden (BE)
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29
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. Regulation of mitochondrial function and energetics by reactive nitrogen oxides. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1919-28. [PMID: 22989554 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.08.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous nitric oxide (NO) generated from L-arginine by NO synthase regulates mitochondrial function by binding to cytochrome c oxidase in competition with oxygen. This interaction can elicit a variety of intracellular signaling events of both physiological and pathophysiological significance. Recent lines of research demonstrate that inorganic nitrate and nitrite, derived from oxidized NO or from the diet, are metabolized in vivo to form NO and other bioactive nitrogen oxides with intriguing effects on cellular energetics and cytoprotection. Here we discuss the latest advances in our understanding of the roles of nitrate, nitrite, and NO in the modulation of mitochondrial function, with a particular focus on dietary nitrate and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J Larsen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Schiffer TA, Larsen FJ, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Lindholm P. Effects of dietary inorganic nitrate on static and dynamic breath-holding in humans. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2012; 185:339-48. [PMID: 23099220 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrate has been shown to reduce oxygen cost during exercise. Since the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway is facilitated during hypoxia, we investigated the effects of dietary nitrate on oxygen consumption and cardiovascular responses during apnea. These variables were measured in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover protocols at rest and ergometer exercise in competitive breath-hold divers. Subjects held their breath for predetermined times along with maximum effort apneas after two separate 3-day periods with supplementation of potassium nitrate/placebo. In contrast to our hypothesis, nitrate supplementation led to lower arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2), 77 ± 3%) compared to placebo (80 ± 2%) during static apnea, along with lower end-tidal fraction of oxygen (FETO(2)) after 4 min of apnea (nitrate 6.9 ± 0.4% vs. placebo 7.6 ± 0.4%). Maximum apnea duration was shorter after nitrate (329 ± 13 s) compared to placebo (344 ± 13 s). During cycle ergometry nitrate had no effect on SaO(2), FETO(2) or maximum apnea duration. The negative effects of inorganic nitrate during static apnea may be explained by an attenuated diving response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Schiffer TA, Lindholm P. Transient ischemic attacks from arterial gas embolism induced by glossopharyngeal insufflation and a possible method to identify individuals at risk. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:803-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hernández A, Schiffer TA, Ivarsson N, Cheng AJ, Bruton JD, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Westerblad H. Dietary nitrate increases tetanic [Ca2+]i and contractile force in mouse fast-twitch muscle. J Physiol 2012; 590:3575-83. [PMID: 22687611 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.232777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary inorganic nitrate has profound effects on health and physiological responses to exercise. Here, we examined if nitrate, in doses readily achievable via a normal diet, could improve Ca(2+) handling and contractile function using fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscles from C57bl/6 male mice given 1 mm sodium nitrate in water for 7 days. Age matched controls were provided water without added nitrate. In fast-twitch muscle fibres dissected from nitrate treated mice, myoplasmic free [Ca(2+)] was significantly greater than in Control fibres at stimulation frequencies from 20 to 150 Hz, which resulted in a major increase in contractile force at ≤ 50 Hz. At 100 Hz stimulation, the rate of force development was ∼35% faster in the nitrate group. These changes in nitrate treated mice were accompanied by increased expression of the Ca(2+) handling proteins calsequestrin 1 and the dihydropyridine receptor. No changes in force or calsequestrin 1 and dihydropyridine receptor expression were measured in slow-twitch muscles. In conclusion, these results show a striking effect of nitrate supplementation on intracellular Ca(2+) handling in fast-twitch muscle resulting in increased force production. A new mechanism is revealed by which nitrate can exert effects on muscle function with applications to performance and a potential therapeutic role in conditions with muscle weakness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hernández
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lindholm P, Schiffer TA, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Baseline plasma cGMP levels correlates with breath hold capacity in competitive breath hold divers. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1082.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lindholm
- Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | | | - Jon O Lundberg
- Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Hernández A, Schiffer TA, Ivarsson N, Bruton JD, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Westerblad H. Dietary nitrate dramatically increases force in mouse skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1078.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Hernández
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Joseph D. Bruton
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Sahlin K, Ekblom B, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO. Mitochondrial oxygen affinity predicts basal metabolic rate in humans. FASEB J 2011; 25:2843-52. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-182139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip J. Larsen
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Kent Sahlin
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Swedish School of Sport and Health SciencesKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Jon O. Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Larsen FJ, Schiffer TA, Borniquel S, Sahlin K, Ekblom B, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Dietary inorganic nitrate improves mitochondrial efficiency in humans. Cell Metab 2011; 13:149-59. [PMID: 21284982 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 10/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate, an inorganic anion abundant in vegetables, is converted in vivo to bioactive nitrogen oxides including NO. We recently demonstrated that dietary nitrate reduces oxygen cost during physical exercise, but the mechanism remains unknown. In a double-blind crossover trial we studied the effects of a dietary intervention with inorganic nitrate on basal mitochondrial function and whole-body oxygen consumption in healthy volunteers. Skeletal muscle mitochondria harvested after nitrate supplementation displayed an improvement in oxidative phosphorylation efficiency (P/O ratio) and a decrease in state 4 respiration with and without atractyloside and respiration without adenylates. The improved mitochondrial P/O ratio correlated to the reduction in oxygen cost during exercise. Mechanistically, nitrate reduced the expression of ATP/ADP translocase, a protein involved in proton conductance. We conclude that dietary nitrate has profound effects on basal mitochondrial function. These findings may have implications for exercise physiology- and lifestyle-related disorders that involve dysfunctional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip J Larsen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 11486 Stockholm, Sweden.
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