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Rai G, Das S, Ansari MA, Singh PK, Dar SA, Gupta N, Sharma S, Ramachandran VG, Jain C. Implications of CD45RA and CD45RO T cell subsets in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis infected with Aspergillus flavus. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13318. [PMID: 38441343 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
T cell subsets (CD4 and CD8) play a prominent role in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Colonization with Aspergillus flavus is recognized as a trigger for the growth of nasal polyps. The fungal proteins initiate the recruitment of T cells into the nasal mucosa, which contributes to the progression of nasal polyps. The study included 50 cases of CRSwNP and 50 healthy controls. Biopsies were subjected to KOH and culture for mycological investigation. We examined the changes in T helper (CD4+) and T cytotoxic (CD8+) in total T cells (CD3+) and expression of naive (CD45RA) and memory (CD45RO) cell markers in T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) challenged by A. flavus antigens in cases before and after treatment and in healthy controls by flow cytometry. Predominantly, A. flavus (86%) identified in nasal polyp biopsies of patients. An increased percentage of CD3+CD4+ T cells observed after A. flavus stimulation in patients when compared with healthy controls. The expression of CD4+CD45RA+ cells was significantly (P < .05) reduced in patients and increased CD4+CD45RO+ was observed upon stimulation with A. flavus in patients when compared with healthy control. Continuous exposure to inhaled fungal spores may induce aberrant immune responses to A. flavus spores, causing an allergic immunological reaction with high CD4+T cell responses, resulting in an unfavourable outcome. Elevated CD4+CD45RO+ T cells may transform the pathogenic response and highlight the chances of A. flavus reactive T cells involvement in prompting inflammation in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Rai
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | - Charu Jain
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Gomber S, Yadav R, Dewan P, Ramachandran VG, Puri AS. Requirement of a Booster Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Children With Thalassemia After 5 Years of Primary Vaccination: A Prospective Study. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:237-240. [PMID: 33408283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine anti-HBs antibody levels in multi-transfused children with beta-thalassemia major who had received primary hepatitis B vaccination ≥5 years ago, and to document their antibody response to a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. METHODS We included 85 children each of beta-thalassemia major and age-matched healthy controls, who had completed primary hepatitis B vaccination ≥5 years ago. Participants were assessed for anti-HBs titres, and those with beta-thalassemia major who were seronegative (titres<10 mIU/mL) were administered a single booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. CD4 counts, serum levels of IL-2 and IFN-g, and anti-HBs titres were evaluated at baseline and following booster dose of vaccine. RESULTS Seroprotection rates for hepatitis B after an average (SD) duration of 10.8 (3.8) years of completion of primary immunization were significantly higher among children with beta thalassemia major compared to healthy controls (72.9% vs. 52.9%, P=0.007). All the 23 seronegative children with beta-thalassemia major achieved seroprotection after a single booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine. CONCLUSIONS A single booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine after 5 years of primary immunization is adequate to provide seroprotection to multi-transfused children with beta-thalassemia major.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Gomber
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravinder Yadav
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Dewan
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A S Puri
- Department of Gastroenterology, GB Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Singh J, Ronsard L, Pandey M, Kapoor R, Ramachandran VG, Banerjea AC. Molecular and Genetic Characterization of Natural Variants of HIV-1 Nef Gene from North India and its Functional Implication in Down-Regulation of MHC-I and CD-4. Curr HIV Res 2021; 19:172-187. [PMID: 32981506 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x18666200925160755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 Nef is an important accessory protein with multiple effector functions. Genetic studies of the HIV-1 Nef gene show extensive genetic diversity and the functional studies have been carried out mostly with Nef derived from regions dominated by subtype B (North America & Europe). OBJECTIVE This study was carried out to characterize genetic variations of the Nef gene from HIV-1 infected individuals from North India and to find out their functional implications. METHODS The unique representative variants were sub-cloned in a eukaryotic expression vector and further characterized with respect to their ability to downregulate cell surface expression of CD4 and MHC-1 molecules. RESULTS The phylogenetic analysis of Nef variants revealed sequence similarity with either consensus subtype B or B/C recombinants. Boot scan analysis of some of our variants showed homology to B/C recombinant and some to wild type Nef B. Extensive variations were observed in most of the variants. The dN/dS ratio revealed 80% purifying selection and 20% diversifying selection implying the importance of mutations in Nef variants. Intracellular stability of Nef variants differed greatly when compared with wild type Nef B and C. There were some variants that possessed mutations in the functional domains of Nef and responsible for its differential CD4 and MHC-1 downregulation activity. CONCLUSION We observed enhanced biological activities in some of the variants, perhaps arising from amino acid substitutions in their functional domains. The CD4 and MHC-1 down-regulation activity of Nef is likely to confer immense survival advantage allowing the most rare genotype in a population to become the most abundant after a single selection event.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Singh
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - L Ronsard
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - M Pandey
- King George`s Medical University, India
| | - R Kapoor
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - A C Banerjea
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi-110067, India
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Saxena B, Ramachandran VG, Saha R, Shah D. Mumps Antibody Titer in MMR-Vaccinated and Vaccine Naïve Children at a Public Hospital in Delhi. Indian Pediatr 2021; 58:137-139. [PMID: 33632943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the mumps antibody titers in Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR)-vaccinated and vaccine naive children. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary-care public hospital in Delhi from November, 2016 to April, 2018 among 78 healthy children (aged 16 month-12 years) attending the pediatric outpatient department. Serum IgG and IgM rubella antibodies were measured by ELISA for confirmation of MMR vaccination status. Qualitative determination of IgG mumps was done followed by quantitative determination in samples positive for IgG mumps antibodies. RESULTS IgG mumps was present in 69.2% of study population, with seroprotective titers in 32% taking endpoint titer as 1:4. Among MMR vaccinated children, 41.1% were sero-protected and in MMR vaccine naïve children 9.1% were seroprotected for mumps. CONCLUSION Single dose of MMR vaccine does not provide effective (>90%) sero-conversion required for successful herd immunity to prevent mumps outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Saxena
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India. Correspondence to: Dr Bhoomika Saxena, 105, Gaytri Nilaya, 12th B Main Road, 6th Block, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560 010, Karnataka, India.
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Rumpa Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Sharma V, Sonkar SC, Singhal P, Kumar A, Singh RK, Ramachandran VG, Hariprasad R, Saluja D, Bharadwaj M. Functional impact of allelic variations/haplotypes of TNF-α on reproductive tract infections in Indian women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:627. [PMID: 33436768 PMCID: PMC7803726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the functional role of TNF-α single-nucleotide polymorphisms/haplotypes in an association with reproductive tract infections (RTIs) in symptomatic and asymptomatic women. A total of 850 consecutive subjects consisting of 400 cases and 450 healthy controls, were screened for RTIs, along with their risk factors and associated symptoms. The propensity score matching was performed to reduce the confounding bias arise owing to covariates and to balance the data between two groups. A total of 211 pairs (1:1) have been created. Genotyping of rs1800629 (-308) and rs361525 (-238) SNPs of TNF-α was done by PCR–RFLP followed by sequencing. The functional implication of TNF-α SNPs in an association with RTIs was also checked by using ELISA. The frequency of -238A allele and -308A allele was found to be twofold (P < 0.0001) and threefold (P < 0.0001) higher in the presence of RTIs. AA haplotype emerged as a major player in an association with RTIs and elevated TNF-α expression. The present study revealed the functional role of rs1800629 (-308) and rs361525 (-238) of TNF-α in an association with RTIs. This information may be used to establish biomarkers for an inflammatory response during the persistence of RTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Sharma
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), I-7, Sector 39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 20130, India.,Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Science, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Subash Chandra Sonkar
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit (MRU), Maulana Azad Medical College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Singhal
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), I-7, Sector 39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 20130, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- National Institute of Biologicals, A-32, Secror 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Science, Delhi University, Delhi, India
| | - Roopa Hariprasad
- Division of Clinical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research (ACBR), University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), I-7, Sector 39, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 20130, India.
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Rai G, Das S, Ansari MA, Singh PK, Dar SA, Haque S, Gupta N, Sharma S, Ramachandran VG, Sharma S, Jain C, Sharma S. TLR-2 expression and dysregulated human Treg/Th17 phenotype in Aspergillus flavus infected patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:215. [PMID: 33238997 PMCID: PMC7689976 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T helper (Th)17 and regulatory T (Treg) cells with toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 have been acknowledged to play a critical role in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). However, its pathogenesis has been perplexed by conflicting reports on the role of Th17/Treg cells in patients of distinct ethnicities. We attempted to understand the role of Th responses induced during host defense against Aspergillus flavus. Results The percentages of Th17 (CD4+CD161+IL23R+) and Treg (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) cell populations and various cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) challenged by A. flavus antigens were characterized from 50 CRSwNP cases, before and after treatment, and in 50 healthy controls. TLR-2 expression was analyzed in tissues of cases and controls for disease co-relation. The major pathogen identified in our study was A. flavus by mycological investigations. A marked immune imbalance was noted with elevated Th17 and decreased Tregs in PBMCs of CRSwNP patients after A. flavus stimulation. Comparatively, interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10 levels were increased, with low transforming growth factor (TGF)-β levels in A. flavus stimulated PBMC supernatants of patients. The mRNA expression of TLR-2 in polyps of CRSwNP patients indicated significant (p = 0.001) upregulation in comparison to the controls. Conclusions Our data highlights the excessive expression of TLR-2 in nasal polyps contributing to the imbalance in Th17/Tregs population in patients. After therapy, recovery of Tregs cells indicates restoration and tissue homeostasis, though high circulating CD4+CD161+ Th17 cells may continue to be a threat to patients predisposed to future recurrences. The constant exposure and tendency of A. flavus to colonize nasal cavities can lead to a Th17 driven airway inflammation. Dysregulated Th17 with TLR-2 promote resistance to treatment and progression to the chronicity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Rai
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.,Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Charu Jain
- Department of Microbiology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shipra Sharma
- S R Institute of Management and Technology, Lucknow, UP, India
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Saini J, Bandyopadhyay B, Pandey AD, Ramachandran VG, Das S, Sood V, Banerjee A, Vrati S. High-Throughput RNA Sequencing Analysis of Plasma Samples Reveals Circulating microRNA Signatures with Biomarker Potential in Dengue Disease Progression. mSystems 2020; 5:e00724-20. [PMID: 32934118 PMCID: PMC7498686 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00724-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulating microRNA (miRNA) profile has been widely used for identifying potential biomarkers against viral infections. However, data on circulating microRNA expression patterns in dengue patients are scanty. Considering the impact of severity caused by dengue infection, circulating miRNA profiles in plasma of dengue patients may prove to be valuable for developing early prognostic markers for the disease severity. Here, we described an in-depth analytical study of small RNA sequencing data obtained from the plasma of 39 dengue patients. Integrating bioinformatics and in vitro studies, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) (log2 fold change ≥1.5, P < 0.05) associated with dengue disease progression. In comparing miRNA expression pattern with the follow-up samples, nine miRNAs were found to exhibit an altered expression that could distinguish between severe dengue and the convalescent patients. To understand the abundance and specificity of the DEMs in the context of dengue infection and disease progression, eight top-hit DEMs were further validated in the dengue virus-infected cell lines as well as in the patient's plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using the quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) method. Importantly, receiver operating curve analysis further confirmed that the plasma expression pattern of hsa-miR-122-5p could differentiate between different stages of dengue infection (area under the concentration-time curve [AUC] = 0.792), and dengue-negative patients with other febrile illnesses (AUC = 0.984). The in silico analysis of DEM target genes suggested an enrichment of the pathways associated with metabolism and inflammation. Our study gives a global view of miRNA expression in the plasma from dengue patients and provides a precious resource of candidate miRNAs involved in dengue infection and disease progression.IMPORTANCE Dengue virus (DENV) infection usually causes dengue fever (DF) with flu-like illness affecting infants, young children, and adults. The DF occasionally evolves into a potentially lethal complication called dengue severe (DS) leading to a rapid fall in platelet count along with plasma leakage, fluid accumulation, respiratory distress, and severe bleeding. The diverse clinical spectrum of dengue disease, as well as its significant similarity to other febrile viral illnesses, makes early identification more challenging in this high-risk group. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small (∼19 to 21 nucleotides [nt] in length), noncoding RNAs, extremely stable and easily detectable in the plasma; thus, they have potential as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring human diseases. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of miRNAs circulating in plasma of dengue virus-infected patients and identifies the miRNA signatures that have biomarker potential for dengue infection and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Saini
- Regional Center for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
| | | | - Abhay Deep Pandey
- Regional Center for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) & Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) & Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Sood
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Arup Banerjee
- Regional Center for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
| | - Sudhanshu Vrati
- Regional Center for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, India
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, India
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Kaushik S, Saha R, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Goel A. Pragmatic Combination of Available Diagnostic Tools for Optimal Detection of Intestinal Microsporidia. Adv Exp Med Biol 2019; 1057:85-94. [PMID: 28933049 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhea is a debilitating condition in HIV infected individuals and with the finding that almost 1/4 cases of diarrhea in HIV are due to microsporidia, there is a dire need to institute measures for its detection on a regular basis. Keeping this in mind the study aims to determine the burden of intestinal microsporidiosis in HIV seropositive patients presenting with and without diarrhea and to compare the ability of microscopy and PCR in its detection.The study group consisted of 120 patients divided into four groups HIV seropositive with/without diarrhea, and HIV seronegative with/without diarrhea. Performance of four staining techniques including Modified Trichrome, Calcofluor White, Gram Chromotrope and Quick hot Gram Chromotrope stains were evaluated against PCR in diagnosing enteric microsporidiosis from stool samples.Overall prevalence of intestinal microsporidiosis was 10.83%. The same for HIV seropositive patients with diarrhea was 23.33%, HIV seropositive patients without diarrhea and in immune-competent hosts with diarrhea was 10% each. Enterocytozoon bieneusi was found to predominate. Calcofluor white stain detected maximum microsporidia in stool samples (76.92%), followed by Modified Trichrome stain (61.5%), PCR (46.15%) and Gram Chromotrope and Quick hot Gram Chromotrope stains (38.4% each). PCR exhibited the best performance with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Our data suggests screening of stool samples with either Modified Trichrome or Calcofluor white stain followed by PCR confirmation thus leading to maximum detection along with speciation for complete cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuti Kaushik
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Rumpa Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Ashish Goel
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
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Sharma V, Ramachandran VG, Mogha NS, Bharadwaj M. Hepatitis B & C virus infection in HIV seropositive individuals & their association with risk factors: A hospital-based study. Indian J Med Res 2018; 147:588-593. [PMID: 30168491 PMCID: PMC6118147 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1151_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & objectives: Hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus (HBV and HCV) cause acute and chronic hepatitis, and infections with HBV and HCV are common in HIV-infected patients. The present study was conducted to determine the co-infection of hepatitis B and C virus in stored serum samples of HIV-positive/negative individuals attending an Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre (ICTC) in north India and their association with certain risk factors. Methods: This study included a total of 840 serum samples, of which 440 were from HIV seropositive individuals and 400 were from control individuals seeking voluntary check-up of HIV status at ICTC. Serum samples were used for the detection of HBV and HCV infection. Results: HBV infection (11%) was found to be less in contrast to HCV (13%) amongst the HIV seropositive. In controls, HBV and HCV infection was two and three per cent, respectively. Co-infection of HBV and HCV was found in 15 of 109, and in controls, it was 2 of 15. Age group between 21 and 40 was significantly associated with HBV and HCV infection. Heterosexual contact was the leading mode of acquiring HBV and HCV infection. Interpretation & conclusions: HBV and HCV co-infection was found to be significantly higher in HIV-positive individuals in comparison to normal population. Hepatitis virus infection leads to rapid progression of liver cirrhosis in HIV-infected patients. Routine check-up of HIV seropositive patients for hepatitis virus may be required to monitor clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Sharma
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Singh Mogha
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Mausumi Bharadwaj
- Division of Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Noida, India
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Rai G, Ansari MA, Dar SA, Datt S, Gupta N, Sharma S, Haque S, Ramachandran VG, Mazumdar A, Rudramurthy S, Chakrabarti A, Das S. Serum Cytokine Profile in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis Infected by Aspergillus flavus. Ann Lab Med 2018; 38:125-131. [PMID: 29214756 PMCID: PMC5736671 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.2.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungi, especially Aspergillus flavus, can cause chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and modulate host innate immune components. The objective of this study was to examine the serum levels of T helper (Th) cell subset Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines and total IgE in patients having chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and Aspergillus flavus infection. Methods A case-control study including 40 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis and 20 healthy controls was conducted. Aspergillus flavus infection was confirmed by standard potassium hydroxide (KOH) testing, culture, and PCR. Serum samples of all patients and controls were analyzed for various cytokines (interleukins [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21, IL-27, TGF-β) and total IgE by ELISA. Data from patients with Aspergillus flavus infection and healthy volunteers were compared using the independent t-test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Results Aspergillus flavus infection was found in 31 (77.5%) patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. IL-1β, IL-17, IL-21, and TGF-β serum levels were significantly higher in these patients than in controls; however, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-27 levels were lower. Compared with nine (22.5%) patients without Aspergillus flavus infection, IL-17 level was higher while IL-2 level was lower in patients with Aspergillus flavus infection. Total IgE was significantly higher in patients with Aspergillus flavus infection than in controls. Conclusions High levels of IL-17 and its regulatory cytokines in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis infected by Aspergillus flavus raise a concern about effective disease management and therapeutic recovery. Surgical removal of the nasal polyp being the chief management option, the choice of post-operative drugs may differ in eosinophilic vs. non-eosinophilic nasal polyposis. The prognosis is likely poor, warranting extended care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Rai
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmad Ansari
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.,Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shyama Datt
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Neelima Gupta
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sonal Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Arpeeta Mazumdar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shivprakash Rudramurthy
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunaloke Chakrabarti
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.
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11
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Singh T, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Dar SA, Snehaa K, Saha R, Shah D. Spectrum of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in paediatric population suffering from diarrhoea and as commensals in healthy children. Indian J Med Microbiol 2018; 35:204-210. [PMID: 28681807 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_16_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) is associated with early death of children in developing countries and are being identified now as an important evolving pathogen. The objective of this study was to perform multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for simultaneous detection of six categories of DEC in two sets of PCR reactions using 11 virulent genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS During 1-year study period, forty isolates each from outpatient, inpatient and healthy groups were collected from children. E. coli was identified using conventional biochemical methods. DNA extraction was done using kit, and the extracted DNA was used as a template for multiplex PCR. RESULTS Virulent genes of DEC were detected in 106 (88.33%) samples. Overall, elt and est were detected in 8.33% and 30.83% of specimens; typical, atypical enteropathogenic E. coli and bfp were detected in 13.33%, 29.16% and 19.16% specimens; eagg was detected in 39.16% and east in 13.33% specimens and stx and hyla were isolated in 1.66% specimens each. While diffusely adherent E. coli and enteroinvasive E. coli genes were not isolated. CONCLUSION Multiplex PCR is a rapid method for the simultaneous detection of 11 virulent genes of DEC at a time and it will provide a platform in understanding the diarrheal diseases in a more improved manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Singh
- Department of Microbiology, UCMS, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, UCMS, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, UCMS, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, UCMS, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K Snehaa
- Department of Microbiology, UCMS, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rumpa Saha
- Department of Microbiology, UCMS, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Shah
- Department of Paediatrics, UCMS, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Jakhar SK, Pandey M, Shah D, Ramachandran VG, Saha R, Gupta N, Gupta P. Etiology and Risk Factors Determining Poor Outcome of Severe Pneumonia in Under-Five Children. Indian J Pediatr 2018; 85:20-24. [PMID: 29027126 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-017-2514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the etiology of severe pneumonia (pneumonia with chest indrawing) in under-five children, and to study the risk factors for poor outcomes viz., 'treatment failure', 'need for change in antibiotics', 'prolonged hospital stay', 'need for mechanical ventilation' and 'mortality.' METHODS Children (age 2 mo to 5 y) with pneumonia and chest drawing were enrolled prospectively from October 2012 through September 2013. Clinical history was recorded, and examination, anthropometry and investigations (including chest X-ray, blood culture and nasopharyngeal swab culture) were performed. Children were managed as per standard guidelines, and recovery outcomes were recorded in form of 'treatment failure' (defined as persistence of features of severe pneumonia after 72 h or worsening of clinical condition before 72 h), need for change of antibiotics and prolonged (>5 d) hospital stay. The associations between the clinical, anthropometric and diagnostic risk factors and the recovery outcomes were evaluated by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Out of 120 children enrolled in the study, 36 (42%) were culture positive (nasopharyngeal/blood); most common bacteria isolated were Streptococcal pneumoniae and Staphylococcal aureus, respectively. Treatment failure was seen in 15 (12.5%), 34 (28.3%) needed change of antibiotics, and 50 (41.6%) children required prolonged hospitalization. Low birth weight, overcrowding, general danger signs (lethargy/unable to drink), clinical rickets, crepitation, leukocytosis and positive blood culture were significant risk factors for treatment failure, prolonged hospital stay and antibiotics change. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, respiratory rate of >70/min (OR 19.94, 95%CI 1.42-280.29), lethargy/unconsciousness (OR 114.2, 95%CI 3.14-4147.92), and positive blood culture (OR 15.24, 95%CI 2.53-91.67) had more chances of treatment failure. Duration of hospital stay was prolonged in those who had inability to drink (OR 3.89, CI 1.37-10.99) or abnormal chest X-ray (OR 8.45, CI 3.56-20.04). Children with rickets (OR 3.69, CI 1.14-11.96), and those with abnormal chest X-ray (OR 9.66, CI 2.62-35.53) had a higher odds of change in antibiotics. Presence of wheeze was a protective factor for treatment failure (OR 0.03, CI 0.00-0.37) and change of antibiotics (OR 0.24, CI 0.07-0.74). CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae are the predominant organisms causing severe pneumonia in our setting. Children with risk factors such as respiratory rate >70/min, rickets, lethargy/unconsciousness, not able to drink, abnormal chest X-ray or positive blood culture are likely to have a delayed recovery or need of change of antibiotics, whereas those with wheeze are likely to recover faster with less chances of treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Jakhar
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Mukul Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
| | - Dheeraj Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India.
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Rumpa Saha
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Natasha Gupta
- Department of Radiology, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, 110095, India
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Ramachandran VG. Campaign Mode MMR Vaccination to Control Outbreak of Mumps in a Highly Vaccinated Population: Virologist's viewpoint. Indian Pediatr 2017; 54:1050-1051. [PMID: 29317563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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14
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Kumar P, Bhari N, Gupta V, Ramachandran VG, Arava S, Dar L, Sharma VK, Verma KK, Dwivedi SN, Gupta S. Atypical morphology of anogenital warts is not a marker of atypical histology or of infection to the high-risk human papillomavirus genotypes. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:1017-1021. [PMID: 28741750 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical morphology of anogenital warts may vary from flat, filiform, papular, or verrucous to giant condyloma acuminatum. Clinically atypical-looking genital warts may alarm the clinician because of their suspected malignant potential, which may cause anxiety, often leading to aggressive interventions. OBJECTIVE To study if clinically atypical-looking anogenital warts are more likely to be premalignant or malignant as compared to typical warts. METHOD Data of 41 (37 males, 4 females) patients with anogenital warts was retrospectively analyzed. After a detailed literature review and in-house discussions, criteria for anogenital warts with typical and atypical clinical morphology were defined. Clinical photographs were independently reviewed by three dermatologists, and human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping results, histological evaluation, and immunohistochemical analysis for p53 expression were evaluated. RESULTS Fifteen (36.6%) anogenital warts were classified as atypical by at least two of three blinded dermatologists. The histological examination showed mitotic figures in 31/41 (75.6%) specimens, dysplasia in 14/41 (44.1%) specimens, and p53 positivity in 34/41 (82.9%) specimens. There was no significant difference in the high-risk HPV genotyping (P = 0.67), frequency of dysplastic changes on histology (P = 0.19), and immunohistochemistry with p53 (P = 0.08) between clinically typical and atypical-appearing anogenital warts. Similarly, no significant difference was found in the frequency of dysplastic changes (P = 0.67) or p53 expressions (P =0.41) based on the HPV genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The atypical clinical morphology of anogenital warts may not be a marker of increased malignant potential. High-risk HPV genotypes do not have a statistically significant association with dysplasia or positive immunohistochemistry with p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neetu Bhari
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudheer Arava
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Lalit Dar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vinod K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaushal K Verma
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sada N Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Somesh Gupta
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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15
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Ramachandran VG, Das S, Roy P, Hada V, Mogha NS. Erratum to: Chikungunya: a reemerging infection spreading during 2010 dengue fever outbreak in National Capital Region of India. Virusdisease 2017; 27:187. [PMID: 28574062 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s13337-016-0314-z.].
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
| | - Priyamvada Roy
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India.,D-56, Block D, New Ashok Nagar, Delhi, 110096 India
| | - Vivek Hada
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, 342005 India
| | - Narendra Singh Mogha
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, 110095 India
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16
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Singh T, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Wani S, Shah D, Maroof KA, Sharma A. Distribution of Integrons and Phylogenetic Groups among Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Children <5 Years of Age in Delhi, India. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:561. [PMID: 28443072 PMCID: PMC5385330 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrons by means of horizontal gene transfer carry multidrug resistance genes (MDR) among bacteria, including E. coli. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles and the genes associated with them, to gain insights in the distribution of phylogroups, prevalence, and characterization of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons among Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) isolates, from children upto 5 years of age from Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR), India. A total of 120 E. coli isolates, including 80 from diarrheagenic E. coli (cases) and 40 from healthy isolates (controls) were recruited in this study. After isolation of E. coli, screening for EPEC was done by conventional multiplex PCR. Antibiotic suseptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method and further confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MICs) by E-test. The presence and characterization of integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes were performed by PCR and DNA sequencing. Phylogeny determination was carried out by quadruplex PCR. EPEC strains were found in 64 of the 80 diarrheagenic cases, out of which 38 were MDR. In the 40 healthy controls, 23 were found to be EPEC strain, out of which only 2 were MDR. Amongst 80 diarrheagenic cases, class 1 integron were observed in 43 isolates, class 2 integron in 12 isolates and 9 isolates were found with co-existence of both. Similarly, in healthy controls; class 1 integron in 9 and class 2 integron in 7 isolates were observed with co-existence in 3 isolates. None of the isolates included class 3 integron. The dfr was the most commonly identified gene cassette within the integron-positive isolates. Phylogenetic studies showed considerable representation of phylogroup B2 in both diarrheagenic cases and healthy controls. This study reiterates the importance of class 1 integron predominantly for acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes among EPEC isolates. Furthermore, it also ascertains the possible association between multidrug resistance and presence of integrons. Approximately 91% of isolates were easily assigned to their respective phylogroups. Assessment of the relationship between antibiotic resistance and dominant phylogroups detected was also attempted. This study also highlights the increased burden of antimicrobial resistance in healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taru Singh
- Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Dermatology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad GardenNew Delhi, India.,Department of Minimal Access and Bariatric Surgery, Fortis Flt. Rajan Dhall HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Sayim Wani
- Dermatology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad GardenNew Delhi, India.,Department of Minimal Access and Bariatric Surgery, Fortis Flt. Rajan Dhall HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Dheeraj Shah
- Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur HospitalNew Delhi, India
| | - Khan A Maroof
- Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad GardenNew Delhi, India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Sardarjung HospitalNew Delhi, India
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17
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Jain C, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Saha R, Bhattacharya SN, Dar S. Malassezia Yeast and Cytokine Gene Polymorphism in Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC01-DC05. [PMID: 28511379 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/23948.9474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a recurrent chronic condition associated with microorganism and their interaction with the susceptible host. Malassezia yeast is a known commensal which is thought to provoke the recurrent episodes of symptoms in atopic dermatitis patients. Malassezia immunomodulatory properties along with defective skin barrier in such host, results in disease manifestation. Here, we studied Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in IL10 and IFN γ genes of the host and its relation with susceptibility to Malassezia infection. AIM To isolate Malassezia yeast from AD patients and compare the genetic susceptibility of the host by correlating the cytokine gene polymorphism with the control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study was conducted from January 2012 to January 2013. It was a prospective observational study done in Department of Microbiology and Department of Dermatology and Venereology in University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi. Sample size comprised of 38 cases each of AD. Skin scrapings were used for fungal culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Modified Dixon Agar (MDA) and isolated were identified as per conventional phenotypic methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from all study subjects. Cytokine genotyping was carried out by Amplification Refractory Mutations System- Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR) with sequence specific primers. Three SNPs (IL10-1082A/G; IL10-819/592C/T; IFN-γ+874A/T) in two cytokine genes were assessed in all the patients and healthy controls. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Chi-Square Test or Fisher's-Exact Test and Bonferroni's correction. RESULTS In AD group, Malassezia yeasts were cultured in 24 out of 38 samples and thus the identification rate was 63.1 percent as compared to healthy group, 52.6 percent (20/38). Significant difference in allele, or genotype distribution were observed in IL10-819/592C/T and IFN-γ+874A/T gene polymorphism in AD group. CONCLUSION Higher isolation rate in cases as compared to control group highlights the implication of Malassezia in AD. Association between specific cytokine gene polymorphism and clinical outcome was found to be significant in study group. The result of cytokine gene polymorphism in the present study demonstrated susceptibility of host to Malassezia infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Jain
- Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Shukla Das
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Rumpa Saha
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S N Bhattacharya
- Professor and Head, Department of Dermatology and Venerology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sajad Dar
- PhD Student, Department of Microbiology, UCMS and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
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18
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Dar SA, Haque S, Mandal RK, Singh T, Wahid M, Jawed A, Panda AK, Akhter N, Lohani M, Areeshi MY, Rai G, Datt S, Bhattacharya SN, Ramachandran VG, Das S. Interleukin-6-174G > C (rs1800795) polymorphism distribution and its association with rheumatoid arthritis: A case-control study and meta-analysis. Autoimmunity 2016; 50:158-169. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1261833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Raju Kumar Mandal
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Taru Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
| | - Mohd Wahid
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Arshad Jawed
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Aditya K. Panda
- Centre for Life Sciences, Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India,
| | - Naseem Akhter
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia, and
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Mohammed Yahya Areeshi
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Gargi Rai
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
| | - Shyama Datt
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
| | - Sambit Nath Bhattacharya
- Department of Dermatology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India
| | | | - Shukla Das
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India,
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19
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Arora P, Malik M, Sachdeva R, Saxena L, Das J, Ramachandran VG, Pal R. Innate and humoral recognition of the products of cell death: differential antigenicity and immunogenicity in lupus. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:353-368. [PMID: 27783388 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While apoptotic debris is believed to constitute the original antigenic insult in lupus (which is characterized by a time-dependent diversification of autoreactivity), whether such debris and autoantibodies specifically recognizing its constituents mediate differential effects on innate and humoral responses in lupus-prone mice is currently unknown. Apoptotic blebs (as opposed to cellular lysate) enhanced preferentially the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) from bone marrow precursors drawn from lupus-prone mice. Murine, somatically mutated, apoptotic cell-reactive immunoglobulin (Ig)G monoclonal antibodies demonstrated enhanced recognition of DCs and also displayed a prominent lupus strain-specific bias in mediating DC maturation. Further, immunization of such antibodies specifically in lupus-prone mice resulted in widespread humoral autoreactivity; hypergammaglobulinaemia (a hallmark of systemic autoimmunity) was observed, accompanied by enhanced antibody titres to cellular moieties. Induced antibodies recognized antigens distinct from those recognized by the antibodies employed for immunization; in particular, nephritis-associated anti-double stranded (ds) DNA antibodies and neonatal lupus-associated anti-Ro60 antibodies were elicited by a non-dsDNA, non-Ro60 reactive antibody, and Sm was a favoured target. Further, only in lupus-prone mice did such immunization enhance the kinetics of humoral anti-self responses, resulting in the advanced onset of glomerulosclerosis. These studies reveal that preferential innate and humoral recognition of the products of cell death in a lupus milieu influence the indices associated with autoimmune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arora
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - M Malik
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Sachdeva
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - L Saxena
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Department of Respiratory Virology, V.P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - J Das
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.,Dr Reddy's Laboratories, Biologics Development Center, Bachupalli, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Pal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Live attenuated SA-14-14-2 vaccine against Japanese encephalitis (JE) was introduced in the routine immunization under Universal Immunization Program in the 181 endemic districts of India. Recently, the Government of India has announced the introduction of one dose of JE vaccine for adults in endemic districts. The policy to mass vaccinate adults has raised several concerns that are discussed in this write-up. Apart from adult vaccination, the continuation of large scale JE vaccination program despite it being a very focal problem, and continued neglect of some other serious public health illnesses have also been highlighted. The issue of lack of authentic data on effectiveness of currently employed SA-14-14-2 JE vaccine has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin M Vashishtha
- Mangla Hospital and Research Center, Bijnor; and *University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi; India. Correspondence to: Dr Vipin M Vashishtha, Consultant Pediatrician, Mangla Hospital and Research Center, Shakti Chowk, Bijnor, UP 246 701, India.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the proportionate contribution of Cryptosporidium to diarrhea in under-five children, and to study its demographic and clinical associates. METHODS We collected stool specimens from children (age <5 yrs) suffering from diarrhea. The specimen was examined on the same day by Kinyouns acid-fast staining for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst; rest of the sample was preserved for later cryptosporidium antigen detection by commercially available ELISA kit. RESULTS Out of 175 children with diarrhea, 48 (27.4%) had Cryptosporidium antigen in their stool specimen. Gender, history of contact with domestic animal, hydration status, breastfeeding and nutritional status were not significantly associated with cryptosporidium infection in children with diarrhea. CONCLUSION Cryptosporidium is present in a significant portion of children suffering from diarrhea in our setting. Antigen detection has much higher isolation rate than acid-fast staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purbasha Bera
- Departments of Microbiology and *Pediatrics, University college of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India Correspondence to: Dr Purbasha Bera, Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110 095, India.
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Dar SA, Akhter N, Haque S, Singh T, Mandal RK, Ramachandran VG, Bhattacharya SN, Banerjee BD, Das S. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α -308G/A (rs1800629) polymorphism distribution in North India and its association with pemphigus: Case-control study and meta-analysis. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:179-87. [PMID: 26761187 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1134512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disorder of skin and/or mucosal surfaces characterized by intraepithelial lesions and immunoglobulin-G autoantibodies against desmogleins (proteins critical in cell-to-cell adhesion). Genetic, immunological, hormonal, and environmental factors are known to contribute to its etiology. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) which plays a key role in pathogenesis of many infectious and inflammatory diseases has been found in high levels in lesional skin and sera of pemphigus patients. However, studies on association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in promoter region of TNF-α at position -308 affecting G to A transition with pemphigus has been scarce. This study was conducted to evaluate the TNF-α -308G/A SNP distribution in North Indian cohort, and to define the association between the TNF-α -308G/A SNP distribution and pemphigus, globally, by means of meta-analysis. TNF-α -308G/A SNP in pemphigus patients was investigated by cytokine genotyping using genomic DNA by PCR with sequence-specific primers. Meta-analysis of the data, including four previously published studies from other populations, was performed to generate a meaningful relationship. The results of our case-control study indicate non-significant differences between patients and controls in TNF-α -308G/A SNP. The meta-analysis also revealed that TNF-α -308G/A SNP is not associated with pemphigus risk in population at large; however, it may be contributing towards autoimmune phenomenon in pemphigus by being a part of its multi-factorial etiology. This study provides evidence that the TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism is not associated with overall pemphigus susceptibility. Nevertheless, further studies on specific ethnicity and pemphigus variants are necessary to validate the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Dar
- a Department of Microbiology , University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India .,b Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan , Jazan , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem Akhter
- c Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences , Albaha University , Albaha , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- b Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan , Jazan , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia .,d Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Taru Singh
- a Department of Microbiology , University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
| | - Raju Kumar Mandal
- b Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, University of Jazan , Jazan , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- f Department of Biochemistry , University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
| | - Shukla Das
- a Department of Microbiology , University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) & GTB Hospital , Delhi , India
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Malik M, Arora P, Sachdeva R, Sharma L, Ramachandran VG, Pal R. Elucidation of the potential disease-promoting influence of IgM apoptotic cell-reactive antibodies in lupus. Lupus 2016; 25:684-98. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203315624023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The undigested remnants of apoptosis are believed to stimulate the generation of autoantibodies in lupus. The biological properties of initiator, disease-specific IgM antibodies that specifically recognize apoptotic cells, readily detected in the sera of lupus patients, remain unclear. Apoptotic cell-reactive IgM monoclonal antibodies (generated from lupus-prone mice), as opposed to control IgM, preferentially stimulated maturation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) derived from such mice, relative to BMDCs derived from healthy mice. An influence of both antibody specificity and cell genotype was also apparent in the secretion of signature inflammatory cytokines. Immunization of such antibodies in lupus-prone animals induced increases in total serum IgG levels, with the elicited antibodies also preferentially recognizing moieties on dying cells. An expanded specificity was apparent both upon Western blot on cellular lysate and from the enhanced recognition of dsDNA, Ro60, RNP68 and Sm; the antibody most efficient in mediating autoreactive diversity, while being germline encoded, also induced the highest degree of phenotypic changes on BMDCs. Apoptotic cell-reactive IgM antibodies may therefore be potentially capable of influencing the course of systemic autoimmune disease by affecting both innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Malik
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - P Arora
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - R Sachdeva
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - L Sharma
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - V G Ramachandran
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R Pal
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Rani M, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Dar SA, Ranga GS, Tripathi AK. Interleukin-10 as an indicator of chronic course of oral candidiasis in diabetics: an in vitro study. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-015-0455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Latka C, Dey SS, Mahajan S, Prabu R, Jangir PK, Gupta C, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Bhattacharya SN, Pandey R, Sharma R, Ramachandran S, Taneja B. Genome sequence of a clinical isolate of dermatophyte, Trichophyton rubrum from India. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv039. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chaudhary S, Gupta C, Das S, Saha R, Rani M, Ramachandran VG. Biofilm formation by Candida species on intrauretheral catheter and its antifungal susceptibility profile. Indian J Med Microbiol 2014; 32:467-8. [DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.142244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ronsard L, Ramachandran VG, Banerjea AC. Functional characterization of HIV-1 Tat exon-1 variants from North India and their implications on HIV-1 transactivation and TAR interaction. BMC Infect Dis 2014. [PMCID: PMC4080451 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-s3-p81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tiwari U, Ramachandran VG, Das S, Kumar S. Interleukin-3 and interleukin-17 do not play a dynamic role in the immunopathogenesis of osteoarticular tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc 2014; 61:142-147. [PMID: 25509937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarticular tuberculosis accounts for one to three per cent of all cases of active TB. IL-3 stimulates the proliferation, differentiation and survival of pluripotent stem cells. IL-17 has shown to promote inflammatory cell recruitment and granuloma organization throughout infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. During the chronic phase of the infection, a balance between Th1 and Th17 responses needs to be achieved to limit immunopathology. AIM To correlate the serum levels of IL-3 and IL-17 at presentation and after completion of treatment in clinicoradiologically proven cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis. METHODS 32 clinicoradiologically confirmed cases of osteoarticular tuberculosis were included. Archived serum samples of eight patients of osteoarticular tuberculosis of an earlier study, confirmed by PCR, AFB smear or by histopathology with previously determined IL-12 and TGF-beta levels were available. A detailed history was noted and their general physical, local and relevant systemic examination was performed. Various laboratory parameters including TL-3 and IL-17 levels in serum were estimated at presentation and at six months of DOTS CAT-1 treatment. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in the clinical and radiological parameters after treatment. No correlation was found between IL-3 and IL-17 levels before and after treatment. A significant correlation (p value= 0.022) was shown between levels of IL-3 and IL-12 after six months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative and quantitative fluctuations in IL-3 and IL-17 levels were not able to serve as useful indices of disease activity.
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Lata S, Sood V, Dar SA, Banerjea AC, Das S, Ramachandran VG. Characterization of natural HIV-1 Tat and Vpr variants from Northern India. BMC Infect Dis 2012. [PMCID: PMC3344752 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-12-s1-p8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dar SA, Bhattacharya SN, Das S, Ramachandran VG, Banerjee BD, Arora P. Response of T-cell subpopulations to superantigen and recall antigen stimulation in systemic sclerosis. Indian J Dermatol 2012; 57:175-80. [PMID: 22707766 PMCID: PMC3371518 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.96187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is great disagreement regarding which effector T-cells are responsible for the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Further, the possible role of superantigens in modulating the T-cell phenotype responsible for the immunopathogenesis of this disease and the response of these patients to common recall antigens have not been adequately determined. Aims: To investigate the T-cell subsets and activation markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of systemic sclerosis patients before and after stimulation with different bacterial superantigens and common recall antigens to better understand the immunopathogenesis of this disease. Materials and Methods: T-cells (CD3+) from 20 systemic sclerosis patients and 17 age-matched healthy controls were studied using flow cytometry for the expression of CD4, CD8, CD45RA, and CD45RO at baseline and upon stimulation with different superantigens and recall antigens. Patients were also tested for skin delayed hypersensitivity to common recall antigens. Results: The proportions of CD45RA+ (naive) and CD45RO+ (memory) CD4+ T-cells were found to be significantly higher in patients than in controls upon stimulation with bacterial superantigens. However, T-cells from these patients responded weakly to recall antigen stimulation, indicating a loss of specific memory cells. This was further supported by the skin delayed hypersensitivity test in which 16 patients were found to be anergic. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both naïve (CD45RA+) and memory (CD45RO+) CD4+ superantigen-reactive T-cells are effector T-cells that may modulate the pathogenic autoantibody response in systemic sclerosis. Accumulation of these cells in these patients may result in increased risk of relapses and resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Neogi U, Sood V, Ronsard L, Singh J, Lata S, Ramachandran VG, Das S, Wanchu A, Banerjea AC. Genetic architecture of HIV-1 genes circulating in north India & their functional implications. Indian J Med Res 2012; 134:769-78. [PMID: 22310812 PMCID: PMC3284088 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.92624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This review presents data on genetic and functional analysis of some of the HIV-1 genes derived from HIV-1 infected individuals from north India (Delhi, Punjab and Chandigarh). We found evidence of novel B/C recombinants in HIV-1 LTR region showing relatedness to China/Myanmar with 3 copies of Nfκb sites; B/C/D mosaic genomes for HIV-1 Vpr and novel B/C Tat. We reported appearance of a complex recombinant form CRF_02AG of HIV-1 envelope sequences which is predominantly found in Central/Western Africa. Also one Indian HIV-1 envelope subtype C sequence suggested exclusive CXCR4 co-receptor usage. This extensive recombination, which is observed in about 10 per cent HIV-1 infected individuals in the Vpr genes, resulted in remarkably altered functions when compared with prototype subtype B Vpr. The Vpu C was found to be more potent in causing apoptosis when compared with Vpu B when analyzed for subG1 DNA content. The functional implications of these changes as well as in other genes of HIV-1 are discussed in detail with possible implications for subtype-specific pathogenesis highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Neogi
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Chorol T, Das S, Choudhry S, Ramachandran VG, Ranga GS, Bhattacharya SN, Bhadoria DP. Absolute lymphocyte count: A useful surrogate marker to initiate anti retroviral therapy in resource poor settings. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(12)60256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Choudhry S, Ramachandran VG, Das S, Bhattacharya SN, Mogha NS. Serological profile of HSV-2 in patients attending STI clinic: evaluation of diagnostic utility of HSV-2 IgM detection. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2009; 52:353-6. [PMID: 19679959 DOI: 10.4103/0377-4929.54992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was done to evaluate the serological profile of herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) among patients attending sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic and to determine the utility of detecting HSV-2 IgM antibodies in such patients. A correlation of HSV-2 infection with other STI including HIV has also been attempted. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hundred consecutive patients who attended STI clinic, with one or more of the complaints as enunciated by WHO in syndromic approach for the diagnosis of STI, were included as subjects. All subjects were screened for common STI by standard laboratory procedures/ commercially available kits. HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgM antibody was detected by commercially available enzyme immuno assay kit in all patient's sera. Sera were also tested for other STI, namely HIV, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Treponema pallidum. Antigen detection for Chlamydia trachomatis was done in genital swabs of all patients by Bio-Rad Chlamydia Microplate EIA 31189 (United States) kit. RESULTS Thirty patients were found to have genital herpes. In 17/30 (56.6%) patients, HSV-2 serology was found to correlate with the clinical diagnosis. The coexistence of other infection in HSV-2 seropositive patients was detected in 8/30 patients. None of the patients having concomitant infections were clinically diagnosed accurately. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of IgM antibodies for the diagnosis of genital herpes was 73.91%, 90.91%, 70.83% and 92.91% respectively. CONCLUSION HSV-2 IgM detection could only be used as a supportive test for the diagnosis of genital herpes . It needs to be emphasized that the sensitivity and positive predictive value scores are pointers for further improvement in the commercial assay systems and a large sample size may determine the broader utility of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpee Choudhry
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, Delhi, India.
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Neogi U, Sood V, Banerjee S, Ghosh N, Verma S, Samrat S, Sharma Y, Saxena A, Husain S, Ramachandran VG, Das S, Sreedhar KV, Goel N, Wanchu A, Banerjea AC. Global HIV-1 molecular epidemiology with special reference to genetic analysis of HIV-1 subtypes circulating in North India: functional and pathogenic implications of genetic variation. Indian J Exp Biol 2009; 47:424-431. [PMID: 19634706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 displays extensive genetic diversity globally which poses challenge in designing a suitable antigen/immunogen to provoke desired protective immune response in host. HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis is complex and involves host genes, virus genes and other factors. A number of genetic subtypes have been identified based on sequence variations, largely in envelope region. Different genetic subtypes display variation in amino acid sequences with increasing incidence of subtype B, C, D and mosaic recombinants in India. They can potentially alter the functions of several proteins like Rev, Tat ,Vpr, Vif etc and thereby, influence HIV-1 mediated pathogenesis. Recent study has shown that LTR promoter region exhibits novel mosaic structures with segments from B/C Myanmar and India. This indicates rapid evolving nature of HIV-1 and causing epidemics due to existence of multiple subtypes in Indian region. These multiple subtypes show significant differences in various functions (gene activation, cell cycle arrest, RNA binding activities) compared to prototype subtype B genes. These differences may help in better understanding of unique features of HIV-1 epidemic in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjwal Neogi
- Laboratory of Virology II, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Shilpee C, Ramachandran VG, Das S, Bhattacharya SN. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at STI clinic. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008; 26:62-4. [PMID: 18227601 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.38861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A total of 100 consecutive patients who attended a sexually transmitted infections clinic were studied. Thirteen had gonococcal urethritis, of which 10 showed growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on culture. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Australian Gonococcal Surveillance Programme (AGSP) method and beta lactamase production by chromogenic cephalosporin test. Four patients were co-infected with each of the following: HIV, HBV and Chlamydia trachomatis . Gonococcal urethritis (13%) was found more in male patients. Ten percent gonococcal isolates were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae , and another 10% were tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae .
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shilpee
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Dilshad Garden, New Delhi - 110 095, India.
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Shilpee C, Ramachandran VG, Das S, Bhattacharya SN. ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE AT STI CLINIC. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Edible vaccines hold great promise as a cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-safe and socioculturally readily acceptable vaccine delivery system, especially for the poor developing countries. It involves introduction of selected desired genes into plants and then inducing these altered plants to manufacture the encoded proteins. Introduced as a concept about a decade ago, it has become a reality today. A variety of delivery systems have been developed. Initially thought to be useful only for preventing infectious diseases, it has also found application in prevention of autoimmune diseases, birth control, cancer therapy, etc. Edible vaccines are currently being developed for a number of human and animal diseases. There is growing acceptance of transgenic crops in both industrial and developing countries. Resistance to genetically modified foods may affect the future of edible vaccines. They have passed the major hurdles in the path of an emerging vaccine technology. Various technical obstacles, regulatory and non-scientific challenges, though all seem surmountable, need to be overcome. This review attempts to discuss the current status and future of this new preventive modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Lal
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences, Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, New Delhi - 110 095, India
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Das S, Ramachandran VG, Arora R. Cytomegalovirus and rubella infection in children and pregnant mothers--a hospital based study. J Commun Dis 2007; 39:113-117. [PMID: 18338691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are ubiquitous and species-specific. Humans are believed to be the only reservoir of this virus and transmission occurs by direct or indirect person-to-person contact. Vertical transmission can lead to serious congenital infections. Rubella virus causes serious disease after vertical transmission but mostly remain subclinical or cause a trivial infection that may remain unrecognized. The objective of our study was to find the prevalence of CMV and rubella infection in the vulnerable section of our population attending GTB hospital. GroupI included pregnant women with bad obstetric history (BOH) (n=1115); GroupII normal pregnant women (n=500); Group III pediatric age group (n==585) and Group IV others with varied illness (n=100). Serologically IgM antibodies against CMV and rubella were detected using commercially available Elisa kit. The percentage prevalence in groupI was (11%) and (3.6%); groupII was (4%) and (0); groupIII was (12%) and (3%); group IV was (5%) and (1%) against CMV and rubella respectively. No apparent seasonal variation was observed in the pattern of infection. Also, overall infection rates were at a much lower rate as compared to other studies. Therefore the detection of IgM antibodies in early pregnancy is an important tool to identify active infection and to provide obstetric management to avoid the risk of congenital transmission of infection. This in turn may lead to a rethinking of current immunization strategies and appropriate modifications for the prevention of vertical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukla Das
- Dept. Of Microbiology University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, Shahdara, Delhi-110095, India
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Verma S, Ramachandran VG. Acute encephalopathy in Western Uttar Pradesh. Indian Pediatr 2007; 44:310. [PMID: 17468533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was undertaken to ascertain the acquisition of cytomegalovirus infection following exchange transfusion and factors affecting such transmission in newborn infants at a tertiary care hospital in India. METHODS Neonates undergoing double volume exchange transfusion (for any indication) with whole blood in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were enrolled over a 8 month period. Serum samples from the infant were collected for CMV serology before exchange transfusion, and at 6 and 12 weeks following the exchange. CMV serology was also conducted on samples obtained from the respective maternal and donor blood. RESULTS Of 47 neonates who received exchange transfusion during the study period; only 26 (55.3%) neonates were finally followed up till 12 weeks of age. Only 3 (11.5%) children demonstrated CMV seroconversion during follow-up; all were low birth weight and small for gestational age. None of them demonstrated any clinical, hematological, biochemical, or radiological signs suggestive of perinatal CMV infection either at birth or during the course of follow-up. CONCLUSION Exchange transfusion in neonates can result in perinatal transmission of CMV infection in low birth weight neonates. Such transmission does not result in any immediate manifestations. Data are not sufficient to warrant routine CMV screening of donor blood for exchange transfusion in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences & Guru Tegh Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether polymicrobial bacteremia in newborns is associated with any predisposing factors, distinguishing clinical features, or higher mortality. METHODS Results of blood cultures obtained over a period of 1 year from neonates admitted to the paediatric ward and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital were retrospectively analysed. The study group included all cases with polymicrobial bacteremia (isolation of two or more organisms). Controls (double the number of study cases) were randomly selected from the monomicrobial group. Case records of included cases were retrieved and scrutinized. RESULTS Of 770 positive cultures during the study period, 52 (6.8%) cultures were positive for more than one organism. Complete case records were retrieved for 40 polymicrobial and 78 monomicrobial cases. The two groups were comparable for maternal and neonatal parameters including: maternal and obstetric complications; period of gestation; mode of delivery; birthweight and perinatal asphyxia; clinical symptomatology; invasive therapeutic interventions; and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Isolation of more than one organism from the blood culture of a suspected septic newborn is not rare. It does not always represent a true invasion by multiple organisms. Polymicrobial isolation per se should not be the criterion for hastily changing the therapeutic decisions.
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MESH Headings
- Bacteremia/diagnosis
- Bacteremia/epidemiology
- Bacteremia/microbiology
- Bacteremia/mortality
- Humans
- India/epidemiology
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnosis
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/epidemiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/microbiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/mortality
- Intensive Care Units, Neonatal
- Retrospective Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
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Gupta P, Chaturvedi D, Rai R, Dua T, Ramachandran VG. Cytomegalovirus infection in neonates following blood component therapy. Ann Trop Paediatr 2005; 25:139-40. [PMID: 15949203 DOI: 10.1179/146532805x45746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
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Gupta P, Sharma AK, Ramachandran VG. Risk taking behavior and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: a study among men. J Commun Dis 2005; 37:51-7. [PMID: 16637401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) among men not only jeopardize their own health but also increase sexual morbidities among their spouses. STDs are primarily attributed to high-risk sexual behavior. The study was carried out among male patients attending the OPD of a Government dispensary. Risk taking behavior was assessed using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire and STDs were diagnosed using syndromic approach supported by laboratory investigations. Three hundred two men were selected by systemic random sampling for inclusion in the study. 39% had pre-marital sexual relationship, 20% had sex with Commercial Sex Workers. 12% of the married men had extramarital sex mostly with CSWs. 27% had more than one sex partner ever. Only 3.6% used condoms consistently. Thirteen per cent respondents had history of symptoms suggestive of STDs. Prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhea and other STDs among study subjects were 3.6%, 0.7% and 0.7% respectively. High risk sexual behavior is widely prevalent and STDs are also common. Behavior change communication and early diagnosis and prompt treatment of STDs will reduce the burden significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi
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Gomber S, Sharma R, Ramachandran VG. Immunogenicity of low dose intradermal hepatitis B vaccine and its comparison with standard dose intramuscular vaccination. Indian Pediatr 2004; 41:922-6. [PMID: 15475635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A prospective study was carried out in the well baby and immunization clinics of tertiary care hospital to compare the immunogenicity of low dose hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) given intradermally versus standard dose given intramuscularly. METHODS One hundred ninety six term, healthy, Australia antigen negative and exclusively breast fed babies were allocated into two groups in a simple randomized manner. In group I, hepatitis B vaccine was given in low dose (2 mcg) by intradermal route whereas in group II it was administered in standard dose (10 mcg) by intramuscular route. Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) and oral polio vaccine (OPV) were co-administered with HBV in both the groups at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age at different sites. One hundred seventy seven infants could be regularly followed up and tested for anti-HBs titres by third generation ELISA test using mono-ELISA anti-HBs 3.0 kits. Geometric mean titres of anti-HBs were estimated in each group and compared. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Seroprotective anti-HBs titres (titre greater than 10 mIU/mL) were achieved in 87 of 88 (98.8 percent) children having received intramuscular doses as compared to 82 of 89 (92.1 percent) children in the intradermal group. The geometric mean titres of the intradermal group were 92.71 mIU/mL (95 percent C.I. 68.85-124.85), significantly lower than 331.66 mIU/mL (95 percent C.I. 245.12-448.78), noticed in the intramuscular group. There were no significant adverse reactions in both the groups. Hepatitis B vaccine is immunogenic when co-administered with DPT and OPV vaccine. The intradermal hepatitis B administration is less effective with lower immunogenicity than the intramuscular vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Gomber
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110 095, India.
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Sharma AK, Jha N, Ramachandran VG, Shariff M, Deb M, Kannan AT, Paudel IS, Yadav BK. Descriptive Epidemiology of a Gastroenteritis Out Break in Sunsari District, Nepal. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2003. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroenteritis (GE) outbreak and cholera epidemics continue to be the major publichealth problems in Nepal. Every year during and immediately after the rainy season,outbreak of GE occurs. In the post monsoon period of 1998 also, outbreak of GEoccurred in a wide area covering several districts in terai region. In this paper, severalepidemiological aspects of the current outbreak are being reported. This study wascarried out in sunsari district. The cases of GE brought to district hospital wereinterviewed by a trained health worker to collect information about the episode andpossible source of infection. Stool samples were collected from the patients and testedfor organisms. On the spot visits were made to collect more information. Water sampleswere also collected and tested in Microbiology laboratory, B. P. Koirala Institute ofHealth Sciences (BPKIHS). There were 947 cases of GE. Among them 55.2% werefemales and 44.8% males patients. The age ranged from 7 months to 86 years withmean age of 22.8 years. There were 8 deaths. Maximum number of cases occurred inthe first fornight of October 1998. Due to prior administration of antibiotics, no growthwas seen in 27 samples. However, 4 samples showed growth of Shigella. Vibrio cholerawas isolated from 2 cases. Eight out of thirteen water samples were found to beunsatisfactory for drinking. The contamination of drinking water source andunhygienic habits were the main causes for such outbreaks. Therefore, it is pertinentthat GE outbreaks may be prevented by simply promoting sanitation and hygienicpractices related to handling of drinking water and defecation.
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Kothari A, Ramachandran VG, Gupta P, Singh B, Talwar V. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus among voluntary blood donors in Delhi, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20:348-51. [PMID: 12659416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is known to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following blood transfusion in children and immunocompromised adults. In India, it is not mandatory to screen donated blood for CMV in blood banks. Very few studies have been conducted in India to estimate the seroprevalence of this infection in voluntary blood donors. This study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of CMV among voluntary blood donors in Delhi, India. In this study, none of 200 donors tested positive for CMV IgM antibody, but 95% were positive for CMV IgG antibody. There was no statistically significant difference in seropositivity of CMV based on distribution of age. Of the 200 donors, 3% tested positive for HBsAg, 1% for HIV, 2% for hepatitis C virus, and 4.5% for syphilis. Since about 95% of blood donors in India are seropositive for CMV, it would seem superfluous to screen blood donors for CMV, as very few seronegative blood units would be available for transfusion. Other preventive strategies, such as leukoreduction, etc., could be more appropriate and cost-effective for the prevention of transmission of CMV through infected blood to immunosuppressed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110 095, India.
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Kumhar GD, Ramachandran VG, Gupta P. Bacteriological analysis of blood culture isolates from neonates in a tertiary care hospital in India. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20:343-7. [PMID: 12659415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the profile and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of aerobic isolates from blood cultures of neonates in a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. All blood culture reports (n = 1,828), obtained during August 1995-September 1996 from newborns admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, were analyzed, and the sensitivity patterns were recorded. The positivity of blood culture was 42% (770/1,828). Most (93.2%) bactaeremic episodes were caused by a single organism, while polymicrobial aetiology was observed in 52 (6.8%) cases. Gram-negative organisms were isolated in 493 (60%) of 823 cases, with Klebsiella (33.8%), Enterobacter (7.5%), Alcaligenes faecalis (4.9%), and Escherichia coli (4.6%) being the common microbes. Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%), followed by coagulase-negative staphylococci (7.9%), were the major Gram-positive isolates. Most (80%) Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, and 50-75% of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. It is concluded that Klebsiella and Staphylococcus aureus remain the principal organisms responsible for neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghanshyam D Kumhar
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi 110 095, India
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Sah SP, Mishra A, Rani S, Ramachandran VG. Cervicofacial actinomycosis: diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology. Acta Cytol 2001; 45:665-7. [PMID: 11480741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Gupta P, Gupta D, Ramachandran VG, Faridi MM. Transfusion transmitted CMV infection in a neonate. Indian Pediatr 2001; 38:780-2. [PMID: 11463967 DOI: pmid/11463967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi 110 095, India.
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