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See L, Georgieva I, Duerauer M, Kemper T, Corbane C, Maffenini L, Gallego J, Pesaresi M, Sirbu F, Ahmed R, Blyshchyk K, Magori B, Blyshchyk V, Melnyk O, Zadorozhniuk R, Mandici MT, Su YF, Rabia AH, Pérez-Hoyos A, Vasylyshyn R, Pawe CK, Bilous S, Kovalevskyi SB, Kovalevskyi SS, Bordoloi K, Bilous A, Panging K, Bilous V, Prestele R, Sahariah D, Deka A, Nath N, Neves R, Myroniuk V, Karner M, Fritz S. A crowdsourced global data set for validating built-up surface layers. Sci Data 2022; 9:13. [PMID: 35058477 PMCID: PMC8776881 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several global high-resolution built-up surface products have emerged over the last five years, taking full advantage of open sources of satellite data such as Landsat and Sentinel. However, these data sets require validation that is independent of the producers of these products. To fill this gap, we designed a validation sample set of 50 K locations using a stratified sampling approach independent of any existing global built-up surface products. We launched a crowdsourcing campaign using Geo-Wiki ( https://www.geo-wiki.org/ ) to visually interpret this sample set for built-up surfaces using very high-resolution satellite images as a source of reference data for labelling the samples, with a minimum of five validations per sample location. Data were collected for 10 m sub-pixels in an 80 × 80 m grid to allow for geo-registration errors as well as the application of different validation modes including exact pixel matching to majority or percentage agreement. The data set presented in this paper is suitable for the validation and inter-comparison of multiple products of built-up areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda See
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Ivelina Georgieva
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Martina Duerauer
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Kemper
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Christina Corbane
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Luca Maffenini
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Javier Gallego
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Martino Pesaresi
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Flavius Sirbu
- West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Parvan no 4, Timisoara, 300323, Romania
| | - Rekib Ahmed
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Kateryna Blyshchyk
- Faculty of Humanities and Pedagogy, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Brigitte Magori
- West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Parvan no 4, Timisoara, 300323, Romania
| | - Volodymyr Blyshchyk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Melnyk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Roman Zadorozhniuk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Marian-Traian Mandici
- Regional Meteorological Center Banat-Crisana, Gheorghe Adam no 15, Timisoara, 300310, Romania
| | - Yuan-Fong Su
- Department of Harbor and River Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
- National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, 9 F., No.200, Sec. 3, Beisin Rd., Xindian District, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ahmed Harb Rabia
- Damanhour University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources & Agricultural Engineering Department, El-abaadya Campus, Damanhour, 22516, El-Behera, Egypt
| | - Ana Pérez-Hoyos
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Roman Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Chandra Kant Pawe
- Department of Geography, Pragjyotish College, Guwahati-09, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Svitlana Bilous
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, acad, Lebedeva, 37, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Serhii B Kovalevskyi
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Sergii S Kovalevskyi
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Kusumbor Bordoloi
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Andrii Bilous
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Kripal Panging
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Valentyn Bilous
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Reinhard Prestele
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Dhrubajyoti Sahariah
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Anjan Deka
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Nityaranjan Nath
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Rui Neves
- Risk and Safety Department, Higher Institute of Information and Administration Sciences, Santa Joana, 3810-488, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Viktor Myroniuk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Mathias Karner
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
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Lesiv M, Laso Bayas JC, See L, Duerauer M, Dahlia D, Durando N, Hazarika R, Kumar Sahariah P, Vakolyuk M, Blyshchyk V, Bilous A, Perez‐Hoyos A, Gengler S, Prestele R, Bilous S, Akhtar IUH, Singha K, Choudhury SB, Chetri T, Malek Ž, Bungnamei K, Saikia A, Sahariah D, Narzary W, Danylo O, Sturn T, Karner M, McCallum I, Schepaschenko D, Moltchanova E, Fraisl D, Moorthy I, Fritz S. Estimating the global distribution of field size using crowdsourcing. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:174-186. [PMID: 30549201 PMCID: PMC7379266 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that smallholder farms contribute substantially to food production globally, yet spatially explicit data on agricultural field sizes are currently lacking. Automated field size delineation using remote sensing or the estimation of average farm size at subnational level using census data are two approaches that have been used. However, both have limitations, for example, automatic field size delineation using remote sensing has not yet been implemented at a global scale while the spatial resolution is very coarse when using census data. This paper demonstrates a unique approach to quantifying and mapping agricultural field size globally using crowdsourcing. A campaign was run in June 2017, where participants were asked to visually interpret very high resolution satellite imagery from Google Maps and Bing using the Geo-Wiki application. During the campaign, participants collected field size data for 130 K unique locations around the globe. Using this sample, we have produced the most accurate global field size map to date and estimated the percentage of different field sizes, ranging from very small to very large, in agricultural areas at global, continental, and national levels. The results show that smallholder farms occupy up to 40% of agricultural areas globally, which means that, potentially, there are many more smallholder farms in comparison with the two different current global estimates of 12% and 24%. The global field size map and the crowdsourced data set are openly available and can be used for integrated assessment modeling, comparative studies of agricultural dynamics across different contexts, for training and validation of remote sensing field size delineation, and potential contributions to the Sustainable Development Goal of Ending hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myroslava Lesiv
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | | | - Linda See
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Martina Duerauer
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Domian Dahlia
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | | | | | | | - Mar'yana Vakolyuk
- Department of Energy and Mass Exchange in GeosystemsState Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth Institute of Geological Science National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Blyshchyk
- Forest ManagementNacional'nyj Universytet Bioresursiv i Pryrodokorystuvannya UkrayinyKyivUkraine
| | - Andrii Bilous
- Department of Energy and Mass Exchange in GeosystemsState Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth Institute of Geological Science National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Ana Perez‐Hoyos
- European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra SectorIspraItaly
| | - Sarah Gengler
- Environmental SciencesUniversité catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life InstituteLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Reinhard Prestele
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental Geography GroupVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Svitlana Bilous
- Forest ManagementNacional'nyj Universytet Bioresursiv i Pryrodokorystuvannya UkrayinyKyivUkraine
| | - Ibrar ul Hassan Akhtar
- Department of MeteorologyCOMSATS UniversityIslamabadPakistan
- Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research CommissionIslamabadPakistan
| | | | | | | | - Žiga Malek
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Faculteit Economische wetenschappen en BedrijfskundeAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Olha Danylo
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Tobias Sturn
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Mathias Karner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
- Soil ScienceMoscow State Forest UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | - Dilek Fraisl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Inian Moorthy
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
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