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See L, Georgieva I, Duerauer M, Kemper T, Corbane C, Maffenini L, Gallego J, Pesaresi M, Sirbu F, Ahmed R, Blyshchyk K, Magori B, Blyshchyk V, Melnyk O, Zadorozhniuk R, Mandici MT, Su YF, Rabia AH, Pérez-Hoyos A, Vasylyshyn R, Pawe CK, Bilous S, Kovalevskyi SB, Kovalevskyi SS, Bordoloi K, Bilous A, Panging K, Bilous V, Prestele R, Sahariah D, Deka A, Nath N, Neves R, Myroniuk V, Karner M, Fritz S. A crowdsourced global data set for validating built-up surface layers. Sci Data 2022; 9:13. [PMID: 35058477 PMCID: PMC8776881 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-021-01105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several global high-resolution built-up surface products have emerged over the last five years, taking full advantage of open sources of satellite data such as Landsat and Sentinel. However, these data sets require validation that is independent of the producers of these products. To fill this gap, we designed a validation sample set of 50 K locations using a stratified sampling approach independent of any existing global built-up surface products. We launched a crowdsourcing campaign using Geo-Wiki ( https://www.geo-wiki.org/ ) to visually interpret this sample set for built-up surfaces using very high-resolution satellite images as a source of reference data for labelling the samples, with a minimum of five validations per sample location. Data were collected for 10 m sub-pixels in an 80 × 80 m grid to allow for geo-registration errors as well as the application of different validation modes including exact pixel matching to majority or percentage agreement. The data set presented in this paper is suitable for the validation and inter-comparison of multiple products of built-up areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda See
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Ivelina Georgieva
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Martina Duerauer
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Kemper
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Christina Corbane
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Luca Maffenini
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Javier Gallego
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Martino Pesaresi
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Flavius Sirbu
- West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Parvan no 4, Timisoara, 300323, Romania
| | - Rekib Ahmed
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Kateryna Blyshchyk
- Faculty of Humanities and Pedagogy, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Brigitte Magori
- West University of Timisoara, Bulevardul Vasile Parvan no 4, Timisoara, 300323, Romania
| | - Volodymyr Blyshchyk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Melnyk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Roman Zadorozhniuk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Marian-Traian Mandici
- Regional Meteorological Center Banat-Crisana, Gheorghe Adam no 15, Timisoara, 300310, Romania
| | - Yuan-Fong Su
- Department of Harbor and River Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, No.2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
- National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, 9 F., No.200, Sec. 3, Beisin Rd., Xindian District, New Taipei City, 23143, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ahmed Harb Rabia
- Damanhour University, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources & Agricultural Engineering Department, El-abaadya Campus, Damanhour, 22516, El-Behera, Egypt
| | - Ana Pérez-Hoyos
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Roman Vasylyshyn
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Chandra Kant Pawe
- Department of Geography, Pragjyotish College, Guwahati-09, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Svitlana Bilous
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, acad, Lebedeva, 37, Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
| | - Serhii B Kovalevskyi
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Sergii S Kovalevskyi
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Kusumbor Bordoloi
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Andrii Bilous
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Kripal Panging
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Valentyn Bilous
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Reinhard Prestele
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kreuzeckbahnstraße 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Dhrubajyoti Sahariah
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Anjan Deka
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Nityaranjan Nath
- Department of Geography, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Rui Neves
- Risk and Safety Department, Higher Institute of Information and Administration Sciences, Santa Joana, 3810-488, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Viktor Myroniuk
- Institute of Forestry and Landscape-Park Management, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine (NULESU), Heroiv Oborony 15, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Mathias Karner
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, Laxenburg, Austria
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Lesiv M, Laso Bayas JC, See L, Duerauer M, Dahlia D, Durando N, Hazarika R, Kumar Sahariah P, Vakolyuk M, Blyshchyk V, Bilous A, Perez‐Hoyos A, Gengler S, Prestele R, Bilous S, Akhtar IUH, Singha K, Choudhury SB, Chetri T, Malek Ž, Bungnamei K, Saikia A, Sahariah D, Narzary W, Danylo O, Sturn T, Karner M, McCallum I, Schepaschenko D, Moltchanova E, Fraisl D, Moorthy I, Fritz S. Estimating the global distribution of field size using crowdsourcing. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:174-186. [PMID: 30549201 PMCID: PMC7379266 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that smallholder farms contribute substantially to food production globally, yet spatially explicit data on agricultural field sizes are currently lacking. Automated field size delineation using remote sensing or the estimation of average farm size at subnational level using census data are two approaches that have been used. However, both have limitations, for example, automatic field size delineation using remote sensing has not yet been implemented at a global scale while the spatial resolution is very coarse when using census data. This paper demonstrates a unique approach to quantifying and mapping agricultural field size globally using crowdsourcing. A campaign was run in June 2017, where participants were asked to visually interpret very high resolution satellite imagery from Google Maps and Bing using the Geo-Wiki application. During the campaign, participants collected field size data for 130 K unique locations around the globe. Using this sample, we have produced the most accurate global field size map to date and estimated the percentage of different field sizes, ranging from very small to very large, in agricultural areas at global, continental, and national levels. The results show that smallholder farms occupy up to 40% of agricultural areas globally, which means that, potentially, there are many more smallholder farms in comparison with the two different current global estimates of 12% and 24%. The global field size map and the crowdsourced data set are openly available and can be used for integrated assessment modeling, comparative studies of agricultural dynamics across different contexts, for training and validation of remote sensing field size delineation, and potential contributions to the Sustainable Development Goal of Ending hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myroslava Lesiv
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | | | - Linda See
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Martina Duerauer
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Domian Dahlia
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | | | | | | | - Mar'yana Vakolyuk
- Department of Energy and Mass Exchange in GeosystemsState Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth Institute of Geological Science National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Blyshchyk
- Forest ManagementNacional'nyj Universytet Bioresursiv i Pryrodokorystuvannya UkrayinyKyivUkraine
| | - Andrii Bilous
- Department of Energy and Mass Exchange in GeosystemsState Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth Institute of Geological Science National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Ana Perez‐Hoyos
- European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra SectorIspraItaly
| | - Sarah Gengler
- Environmental SciencesUniversité catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life InstituteLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Reinhard Prestele
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental Geography GroupVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Svitlana Bilous
- Forest ManagementNacional'nyj Universytet Bioresursiv i Pryrodokorystuvannya UkrayinyKyivUkraine
| | - Ibrar ul Hassan Akhtar
- Department of MeteorologyCOMSATS UniversityIslamabadPakistan
- Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research CommissionIslamabadPakistan
| | | | | | | | - Žiga Malek
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Faculteit Economische wetenschappen en BedrijfskundeAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Olha Danylo
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Tobias Sturn
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Mathias Karner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
- Soil ScienceMoscow State Forest UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | - Dilek Fraisl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Inian Moorthy
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
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3
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Laso Bayas JC, Lesiv M, Waldner F, Schucknecht A, Duerauer M, See L, Fritz S, Fraisl D, Moorthy I, McCallum I, Perger C, Danylo O, Defourny P, Gallego J, Gilliams S, Akhtar IUH, Baishya SJ, Baruah M, Bungnamei K, Campos A, Changkakati T, Cipriani A, Das K, Das K, Das I, Davis KF, Hazarika P, Johnson BA, Malek Z, Molinari ME, Panging K, Pawe CK, Pérez-Hoyos A, Sahariah PK, Sahariah D, Saikia A, Saikia M, Schlesinger P, Seidacaru E, Singha K, Wilson JW. A global reference database of crowdsourced cropland data collected using the Geo-Wiki platform. Sci Data 2017; 4:170136. [PMID: 28949323 PMCID: PMC5613736 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2017.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A global reference data set on cropland was collected through a crowdsourcing campaign using the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing tool. The campaign lasted three weeks, with over 80 participants from around the world reviewing almost 36,000 sample units, focussing on cropland identification. For quality assessment purposes, two additional data sets are provided. The first is a control set of 1,793 sample locations validated by students trained in satellite image interpretation. This data set was used to assess the quality of the crowd as the campaign progressed. The second data set contains 60 expert validations for additional evaluation of the quality of the contributions. All data sets are split into two parts: the first part shows all areas classified as cropland and the second part shows cropland average per location and user. After further processing, the data presented here might be suitable to validate and compare medium and high resolution cropland maps generated using remote sensing. These could also be used to train classification algorithms for developing new maps of land cover and cropland extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Myroslava Lesiv
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - François Waldner
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)-Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne Schucknecht
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Department of Atmospheric Environmental Research, Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467, Germany
| | - Martina Duerauer
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Linda See
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Dilek Fraisl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Inian Moorthy
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Perger
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Olha Danylo
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Pierre Defourny
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL)-Earth and Life Institute, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Javier Gallego
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Sven Gilliams
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ibrar Ul Hassan Akhtar
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Campos
- Taguay, Córdoba, Argentina.,Instituto de Clima y Agua, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Anna Cipriani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kyle Frankel Davis
- The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, USA.,The Nature Conservancy, New York, USA
| | | | - Brian Alan Johnson
- Institute for Global Environmental Strategies, Kamiyamaguchi, Hayama, Japan
| | - Ziga Malek
- Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ana Pérez-Hoyos
- European Commission-Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Meghna Saikia
- Don Bosco College of Engineering and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Peter Schlesinger
- The Tropical Agriculture Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica.,University of Idaho, Moscow, USA
| | | | | | - John W Wilson
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Fritz S, See L, McCallum I, You L, Bun A, Moltchanova E, Duerauer M, Albrecht F, Schill C, Perger C, Havlik P, Mosnier A, Thornton P, Wood-Sichra U, Herrero M, Becker-Reshef I, Justice C, Hansen M, Gong P, Abdel Aziz S, Cipriani A, Cumani R, Cecchi G, Conchedda G, Ferreira S, Gomez A, Haffani M, Kayitakire F, Malanding J, Mueller R, Newby T, Nonguierma A, Olusegun A, Ortner S, Rajak DR, Rocha J, Schepaschenko D, Schepaschenko M, Terekhov A, Tiangwa A, Vancutsem C, Vintrou E, Wenbin W, van der Velde M, Dunwoody A, Kraxner F, Obersteiner M. Mapping global cropland and field size. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:1980-92. [PMID: 25640302 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new 1 km global IIASA-IFPRI cropland percentage map for the baseline year 2005 has been developed which integrates a number of individual cropland maps at global to regional to national scales. The individual map products include existing global land cover maps such as GlobCover 2005 and MODIS v.5, regional maps such as AFRICOVER and national maps from mapping agencies and other organizations. The different products are ranked at the national level using crowdsourced data from Geo-Wiki to create a map that reflects the likelihood of cropland. Calibration with national and subnational crop statistics was then undertaken to distribute the cropland within each country and subnational unit. The new IIASA-IFPRI cropland product has been validated using very high-resolution satellite imagery via Geo-Wiki and has an overall accuracy of 82.4%. It has also been compared with the EarthStat cropland product and shows a lower root mean square error on an independent data set collected from Geo-Wiki. The first ever global field size map was produced at the same resolution as the IIASA-IFPRI cropland map based on interpolation of field size data collected via a Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing campaign. A validation exercise of the global field size map revealed satisfactory agreement with control data, particularly given the relatively modest size of the field size data set used to create the map. Both are critical inputs to global agricultural monitoring in the frame of GEOGLAM and will serve the global land modelling and integrated assessment community, in particular for improving land use models that require baseline cropland information. These products are freely available for downloading from the http://cropland.geo-wiki.org website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
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