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Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of retirement on healthy eating using data drawn from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). We estimate the causal effect of retiring from work on daily fruit or vegetable consumption by exploiting policy changes in eligibility rules for early and statutory retirement. Our results show that changes in eating behaviour upon retirement are gender-specific: retirement induces men to reduce healthy eating; it has no effect on women. We further show that, for men, retirement increases the probability of becoming obese.
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Studniarek M, Wäckerlin C, Singha A, Baltic R, Diller K, Donati F, Rusponi S, Brune H, Lan Y, Klyatskaya S, Ruben M, Seitsonen AP, Dreiser J. Understanding the Superior Stability of Single-Molecule Magnets on an Oxide Film. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1901736. [PMID: 31763154 PMCID: PMC6864999 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The stability of magnetic information stored in surface adsorbed single-molecule magnets is of critical interest for applications in nanoscale data storage or quantum computing. The present study combines X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, density functional theory and magnetization dynamics calculations to gain deep insight into the substrate dependent relevant magnetization relaxation mechanisms. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism reveals the opening of a butterfly-shaped magnetic hysteresis of DyPc2 molecules on magnesium oxide and a closed loop on the bare silver substrate, while density functional theory shows that the molecules are only weakly adsorbed in both cases of magnesium oxide and silver. The enhanced magnetic stability of DyPc2 on the oxide film, in conjunction with previous experiments on the TbPc2 analogue, points to a general validity of the magnesium oxide induced stabilization effect. Magnetization dynamics calculations reveal that the enhanced magnetic stability of DyPc2 and TbPc2 on the oxide film is due to the suppression of two-phonon Raman relaxation processes. The results suggest that substrates with low phonon density of states are beneficial for the design of spintronics devices based on single-molecule magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Studniarek
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institut (PSI)CH‐5232VilligenSwitzerland
| | - Christian Wäckerlin
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
- Institute of PhysicsThe Czech Academy of SciencesCukrovarnická 10CZ‐162 00Prague 6Czech Republic
| | - Aparajita Singha
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)03760SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans University03760SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Romana Baltic
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Katharina Diller
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Fabio Donati
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
- Center for Quantum NanoscienceInstitute for Basic Science (IBS)03760SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of PhysicsEwha Womans University03760SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Stefano Rusponi
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Harald Brune
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Yanhua Lan
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1D‐76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Svetlana Klyatskaya
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1D‐76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Mario Ruben
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1D‐76344Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Université de Strasbourg23 rue du Loess, BP 43F‐67034Strasbourg Cedex 2France
| | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département de ChimieÉcole Normale SupérieureF‐75005ParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Paris Sciences et LettresSorbonne UniversitéF‐75005ParisFrance
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer Institut (PSI)CH‐5232VilligenSwitzerland
- Institute of Physics (IPHYS)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)Station 3CH‐1015LausanneSwitzerland
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Lesiv M, Laso Bayas JC, See L, Duerauer M, Dahlia D, Durando N, Hazarika R, Kumar Sahariah P, Vakolyuk M, Blyshchyk V, Bilous A, Perez‐Hoyos A, Gengler S, Prestele R, Bilous S, Akhtar IUH, Singha K, Choudhury SB, Chetri T, Malek Ž, Bungnamei K, Saikia A, Sahariah D, Narzary W, Danylo O, Sturn T, Karner M, McCallum I, Schepaschenko D, Moltchanova E, Fraisl D, Moorthy I, Fritz S. Estimating the global distribution of field size using crowdsourcing. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:174-186. [PMID: 30549201 PMCID: PMC7379266 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence that smallholder farms contribute substantially to food production globally, yet spatially explicit data on agricultural field sizes are currently lacking. Automated field size delineation using remote sensing or the estimation of average farm size at subnational level using census data are two approaches that have been used. However, both have limitations, for example, automatic field size delineation using remote sensing has not yet been implemented at a global scale while the spatial resolution is very coarse when using census data. This paper demonstrates a unique approach to quantifying and mapping agricultural field size globally using crowdsourcing. A campaign was run in June 2017, where participants were asked to visually interpret very high resolution satellite imagery from Google Maps and Bing using the Geo-Wiki application. During the campaign, participants collected field size data for 130 K unique locations around the globe. Using this sample, we have produced the most accurate global field size map to date and estimated the percentage of different field sizes, ranging from very small to very large, in agricultural areas at global, continental, and national levels. The results show that smallholder farms occupy up to 40% of agricultural areas globally, which means that, potentially, there are many more smallholder farms in comparison with the two different current global estimates of 12% and 24%. The global field size map and the crowdsourced data set are openly available and can be used for integrated assessment modeling, comparative studies of agricultural dynamics across different contexts, for training and validation of remote sensing field size delineation, and potential contributions to the Sustainable Development Goal of Ending hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myroslava Lesiv
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | | | - Linda See
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Martina Duerauer
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Domian Dahlia
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | | | | | | | - Mar'yana Vakolyuk
- Department of Energy and Mass Exchange in GeosystemsState Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth Institute of Geological Science National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Volodymyr Blyshchyk
- Forest ManagementNacional'nyj Universytet Bioresursiv i Pryrodokorystuvannya UkrayinyKyivUkraine
| | - Andrii Bilous
- Department of Energy and Mass Exchange in GeosystemsState Institution Scientific Centre for Aerospace Research of the Earth Institute of Geological Science National Academy of Sciences of UkraineKyivUkraine
| | - Ana Perez‐Hoyos
- European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra SectorIspraItaly
| | - Sarah Gengler
- Environmental SciencesUniversité catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life InstituteLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Reinhard Prestele
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environmental Geography GroupVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Svitlana Bilous
- Forest ManagementNacional'nyj Universytet Bioresursiv i Pryrodokorystuvannya UkrayinyKyivUkraine
| | - Ibrar ul Hassan Akhtar
- Department of MeteorologyCOMSATS UniversityIslamabadPakistan
- Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research CommissionIslamabadPakistan
| | | | | | | | - Žiga Malek
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Faculteit Economische wetenschappen en BedrijfskundeAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Olha Danylo
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Tobias Sturn
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Mathias Karner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Ian McCallum
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Dmitry Schepaschenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
- Soil ScienceMoscow State Forest UniversityMoscowRussia
| | | | - Dilek Fraisl
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Inian Moorthy
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
| | - Steffen Fritz
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, ESMLaxenburgAustria
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