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Xie ZH, Li LF, Zhu HS, Huang WL, Lin JW, Chen W, Ou JM. [Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever in Fujian Province, 2011-2022]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2024; 45:207-212. [PMID: 38413058 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20230830-00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the incidence trend and epidemiological characteristics of typhoid fever in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, and understand the high-incidence population and hotspot areas, and provide evidences to develop more targeted prevention and control measures. Methods: The surveillance data of typhoid fever during 2011-2022 in Fujian Province were obtained from the National Disease Reporting Information System and analyzed with SAS 9.4. The spatial autocorrelation analysis of typhoid fever incidence at county/district levels was performed with ArcGlS 10.8. Results: A total of 5 126 cases of typhoid fever were reported in Fujian Province from 2011 to 2022, with an average annual incidence rate of 1.10/100 000. The average annual incidence rate was 0.96/100 000 from 2011 to 2015, 1.49/100 000 from 2016 to 2019, and 0.81/100 000 from 2020 to 2022. The disease occurred all the year round, with high epidemic season from May to September. A total of 23.59% (1 209/5 126) of the cases occurred at the age of 0-4, and 9.62% (493/5 126) at the age of 5-9. The male to female ratio of the cases was 0.97∶1 (2 524∶2 602) for the whole population, 1.19∶1 (925∶777) for people under 10 years old, 0.75∶1 (1 060∶1 404) for people between 10 and 54 years old, and 1.28∶1 (539∶421) for people over 55 years old. Cases in Ningde City accounted for 30.65% (1 571/5 126) of the total cases. Most hotspots were occurred in Ningde City. Recurrent and clustered cases were found in family members. Conclusions: Typhoid fever was prevalent at a low level in Fujian Province during 2011-2022, indicating that strengthening the prevention and control measures should target key areas and populations. The incidence of typhoid fever in Fujian Province showed spatial aggregation phenomenon, and most cases gathered in Ningde City. Intensive study for the influencing factors of spatial clustering should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Xie
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - L F Li
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - H S Zhu
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Huang
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J W Lin
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W Chen
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J M Ou
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Huang WL, Zhao XF. [Advances in risk factors and early imaging assessment of canine impaction]. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 58:1307-1313. [PMID: 38061875 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20230902-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The canines play an important role in both the esthetics and function of the human body. The maxillary canines has the highest prevalence of impaction in the entire dentition, except for the third molars. Once canine impaction occurs, it can lead to the conditions such as root resorption of adjacent teeth, occlusal function interference and esthetic problems. Moreover, the treatment of canine impaction is time consuming and difficult, and it often requires multi-disciplinary involvement. Therefore, the early diagnosis and treatment of canine impaction is an urgent problem in orthodontic treatment. The etiology of canine impaction is complex and its early development is highly insidious. To assist orthodontists in the early diagnosis and treatment of canine impaction, this review summarizes and discusses the relevant risk factors associated with maxillary and mandibular canine impaction, and the commonly used radiographic assessment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X F Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University & State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chengdu 610041, China
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Xie ZH, Lin JW, Huang WL, Zhu HS, Li LF, Chen W, Ou JM. [Analysis on repetitive reporting of hepatitis B in Fujian province, 2016-2020]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2022; 43:343-347. [PMID: 35345288 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210630-00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the repetitive reporting of hepatitis B in Fujian province during 2016-2020, and provide evidence for the improvement of hepatitis B surveillance. Methods: The reporting cards from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention were collected and divided into repetitive reporting cards and non-repetitive reporting cards from the report cards collected according to the valid ID number on the cards, and the proportion of repetitive report cards and related factors were analyzed by using software SAS 9.4. Results: A total of 314 551 hepatitis B reporting cards were submitted in Fujian from 2016 to 2020, in which 90.93% (286 020/314 551) were included in the analysis. The repetitive reporting cards accounted for 10.48% (29 982/286 020). The annual proportion of the repetitive reporting cards from 2016 to 2020 was between 2.98% and 3.71%, showing an overall increasing trend year by year (Z=2.26, P=0.024). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 1-5 years were 3.17%, 5.40%, 7.74%, 9.27% and 10.48%, respectively, showing an increase trend with year (Z=128.16, P<0.001). The proportions of the repetitive reporting cards in 10 areas of Fujian ranged from 5.44% to 13.48% with significant difference (χ2=2 050.41, P<0.001) and increased with the increase of reported incidence of hepatitis B (Z=26.92, P<0.001). There were significant differences in relationships between repetitive reporting proportion and sex, age and type of the cases between the areas with high incidence and low incidence of hepatitis B. Conclusions: The reported incidence of hepatitis B was seriously affected by the repetitive reporting in Fujian from 2016 to 2020. A cross-year and cross-area surveillance mechanism for hepatitis B should be established and targeted measures should be taken to strengthen the control of the repetitive reporting and improve the surveillance for hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Xie
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J W Lin
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Huang
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - H S Zhu
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - L F Li
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W Chen
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J M Ou
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Zuo L, Tian H, Yu JJ, Zhou X, Huang WL. [Application of trifoliate flap design of radial forearm flap in reconstruction of defects after mouth floor cancer resection]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2022; 44:192-196. [PMID: 35184465 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200617-00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of trifoliate flap design of radial forearm flap in reconstruction of defects after mouth floor cancer resection. Methods: From June 2016 to December 2019, 12 patients with defect after resection of mouth floor cancer were treated with trifoliate flap design of radial forearm flap. All of these patients were T2 stage, included 9 well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 3 moderate differentiated SCC. The defect size ranged from 8.0 cm×6.0 cm to 5.0 cm×4.5 cm after resection of tumor and neck dissection. All defects were repaired with trifoliate flap design of radial forearm flap. The flap size ranged from 8.0 cm×2.0 cm to 4.0 cm×1.5 cm, the donor site was sutured directly on Z plasty. Results: All flaps completely survived well. Both the wound and the donor site were stage Ⅰ healing. With the average follow-up of 38.6 months, the swallowing and speech function were satisfactory. Conclusions: Trifoliate flap design of radial forearm flap can effectively repair the postoperative defect of mouth floor cancer, and the donor site can be directly sutured on Z plasty. This technique can avoid forearm scar caused by skin grafting and the formation of the second donor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zuo
- The 2nd Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - H Tian
- The 2nd Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - J J Yu
- The 2nd Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - X Zhou
- The 2nd Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - W L Huang
- The 2nd Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Oncoplastic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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Yusoff NA, Ong HSR, Cao Y, Huang YH, Ang TB, Loh HFD, Foong MM, Huang WL, Oh YZ, Teo ZW, Lee SGS. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on heart failure unplanned admission: a single center study. Eur Heart J 2021. [PMCID: PMC8767636 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute heart failure (AHF) is a leading cause of admissions among adults. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a high burden on healthcare systems globally. Many countries announced lockdowns which restricted residents' movement. There is a reported reduction in AHF admissions during the pandemic in several countries, potentially leading to adverse outcomes such as increased morbidity and mortality. To date, little is known on whether similar trends are observed in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries. Purpose We aim to evaluate whether AHF admissions have been affected by the pandemic and the lockdown restrictions in a multi-ethnic, urban SEA country. We hypothesized that the pandemic and lockdown restrictions (called a “circuit breaker (CB)”) will influence heart failure (HF) admission rates. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who were admitted with a principal diagnosis of HF to a tertiary hospital in a SEA country. The study period was from the first confirmed case of COVID-19 (January 23, 2020) to July 31, 2020 (n=378). This was further divided into 3 sub-periods for inter-year and intra-year subgroup analysis. Pre-CB: January 23, 2020 to April 6, 2020, CB: April 7, 2020 to June 1, 2020, and Post-CB reopening (Phase 1 & 2): June 2, 2020 to July 31, 2020. The control period was the same timeframe in the preceding year (January 23, 2019 to July 31, 2019) (n=398) and was similarly divided into 3 subgroups. The primary outcome was the overall HF admission rate. Where appropriate, Poisson regression or Negative Binomial regression was utilised to compare the incidence rate ratios of the HF admissions between the periods. Mann-Whitney test or student's t-test was used to compare the length of stay (LOS) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores. Results Details on the study cohort can be found in Table 1. The study period's overall mean admission rate was 2.08 per day, which was not significantly different from the control (2.00 per day). Subgroup analysis showed that the CB admission rates were significantly lower compared to (i) the control (1.39 per day vs. 2.02 per day) and (ii) pre-CB period in the same year (1.39 per day vs. 2.44 per day) (Fig. 1). Phase 1 & 2 admission rates were significantly higher compared to the control (2.28 per day vs. 1.68 per day), and CB admission rates (2.28 per day vs. 1.39 per day). There were no inter-year or intra-year differences for LOS. There was a significant inter-year difference in CCI scores during the CB period (CB: 2.88 vs. control: 1.97). Conclusions Our study showed significant decreases in AHF admissions during the CB period, and a significant increase in AHF admissions from CB to Post-CB reopening. These suggest that the lockdown restrictions had an influence on patients' health seeking behaviour. We also recognise the need to raise public awareness to encourage HF patients to seek timely treatment, prevent complications and adverse events. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Table 1. Study cohorts demographics ![]() Figure 1. Weekly HF admissions to hospital in 2020 ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Yusoff
- Changi General Hospital, Case Management, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H S R Ong
- Changi General Hospital, Health Research Services, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Cao
- Changi General Hospital, Case Management, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y H Huang
- Changi General Hospital, Case Management, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T B Ang
- Changi General Hospital, Case Management, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H F D Loh
- Changi General Hospital, Case Management, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M M Foong
- Changi General Hospital, Case Management, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W L Huang
- Changi General Hospital, Cardiology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Z Oh
- Changi General Hospital, Cardiology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Z W Teo
- Changi General Hospital, Cardiology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S G S Lee
- Changi General Hospital, Cardiology, Singapore, Singapore
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Lian JJ, Yang M, Wang HL, Zhong Y, Chen B, Huang WL, Peng PA. Enhanced molybdenum(VI) removal using sulfide-modified nanoscale zerovalent iron: kinetics and influencing factors. Water Sci Technol 2021; 83:297-308. [PMID: 33504695 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The overall goal of this study is to investigate the effect of sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) on the removal of hexavalent molybdate (MoO42-) under different aquatic chemistry conditions. Surface analysis suggests that Mo(VI) is removed mainly by adsorption and co-precipitation onto the surface of S-nZVI and a small amount of Mo(VI) can be reduced to Mo(V) species. The results of batch tests show that Mo(VI) removal by S-nZVI are well described with the pseudo-second-order adsorption model. The removal rate increases with a decrease in solution pH (4.0-9.0) and is significantly affected by the S/Fe ratio of S-nZVI, with the optimal S/Fe ratio being 0.5. The presence of anions WO42- or CrO42- can reduce the Mo(VI) removal, which is likely because they compete for adsorption sites on the solid surfaces. The divalent cations Ni2+, Cu2+ and Co2+ also inhibit the removal of Mo(VI) whereas Zn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ enhance it. After being aged for 35 d in water, S-nZVI still exhibits high reactivity towards Mo(VI) removal (57.39%). The study demonstrates that S-nZVI can be used as an environmentally friendly material for effectively removing Mo(VI) from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lian
- College of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - M Yang
- College of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - H L Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail: ; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
| | - B Chen
- College of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243002, China
| | - W L Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - P A Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources and Utilization, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China E-mail:
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Chang MC, Chang HH, Hsieh WC, Huang WL, Lian YC, Jeng PY, Wang YL, Yeung SY, Jeng JH. Effects of transforming growth factor-β1 on plasminogen activation in stem cells from the apical papilla: role of activating receptor-like kinase 5/Smad2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling. Int Endod J 2020; 53:647-659. [PMID: 31955434 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of TGF-β1 on the plasminogen activation (PA) system of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) and its signalling. METHODOLOGY SCAP cells were isolated from the apical papilla of immature permanent teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. They were exposed to various concentration of TGF-β1 with/without pretreatment and coincubation by SB431542 (ALK/Smad2/3 inhibitor), or U0126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor). MTT assay, Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect their effects on cell viability, and the protein expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR) and their secretion. The paired Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS TGF-β1 significantly stimulated PAI-1 and soluble uPAR (suPAR) secretion of SCAP cells (P < 0.05), whereas uPA secretion was inhibited. Accordingly, TGF-β1 induced both PAI-1 and uPAR protein expression of SCAP cells. SB431542 (an ALK5/Smad2/3 inhibitor) pretreatment and coincubation prevented the TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 and uPAR of SCAP. U0126 attenuated the TGF-β1-induced expression/secretion of uPAR, but not PAI-1 in SCAP. SB431542 reversed the TGF-β1-induced decline of uPA. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 may affect the repair/regeneration activities of SCAP via differential increase or decrease of PAI-1, uPA and uPAR. These effects induced by TGF-β1 are associated with ALK5/Smad2/3 and MEK/ERK activation. Elucidation the signalling pathways and effects of TGF-β1 is useful for treatment of immature teeth with open apex by revascularization/revitalization procedures and tissue repair/regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Chang
- Biomedical Science Team and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H H Chang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W C Hsieh
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W L Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y C Lian
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P Y Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y L Wang
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S Y Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J H Jeng
- Laboratory of Dental Pharmacology, Toxicology and Material Biocompatibility, Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gu MJ, Huang WL, Li YS, Dong HF, Zhao QP. [Complete mitochondrial genomes of Paragonimus westermani in China and phylogenetic analysis of various geographical isolates]. Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi 2020; 32:28-35. [PMID: 32185925 DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2019238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of two phenotypes of Paragonimus westermani isolated from Fujian Province with different sizes of metacercariae, and perform a phylogenetic analysis of various geographical isolates of P. westermani from Asia, so as to identify the possible genetic characteristics associated with the P. westermani phenotypes. METHODS P. westermani metacercariae with different sizes (large metacercariae, 380-420 μm in diameter; small metacercariae, 320-340 μm) isolated from freshwater crabs were used to infect dogs, and the eggs and adult worms of P. westermani were collected from the dog stool samples and lung tissues. Then, the egg size and morphology were compared. In addition, genomic DNA was extracted from the adult worms of the two phenotypes of P. westermani and used for the PCR amplification to yield the complete mitochondrial genome sequence. Sequence structure and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on the complete mitochondrial genome of P. westermani. RESULTS Following infection with large and small P. westermani metacercariae, the adult worms recovered from the dog lung had a thick body, and had oral and ventral suckers. The ventral sucker was located slightly in front of the midline of the body, and testes, ovary and vitelline gland were seen in the adult worms. Following fixation, the adults appeared oval, with an approximately 1.7∶1 of the length-width ratio. The length and width of the eggs isolated from the fecal samples of dogs infected with large and small P. westermani metacercariae varied significantly, and the large metacercariae produced bigger eggs than the smaller metacercariae. Based on the morphological features of adults and eggs and the ITS2 sequences, both phenotypes were identified as P. westermani. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence analysis of adults showed almost consistent sequences in the protein-coding region of the mitochondrial genome of adult worms derived from large and small metacercariae, with a major variation seen in the former non-coding region. Sliding window analysis revealed the most polymorphic region within the ND4 gene across the mitochondrial genome from various geographical isolates of P. westermani, and phylogenetic analysis showed that both phenotypes were clustered into the Chinese branch of P. westermani, which was close to the Japanese branch and distinct from the South/Southeast Asian branch. CONCLUSIONS The genetic distance between the phenotypes of P. westermani isolated from Fujian Province is near at a mitochondrial genome level, with no remarkable genetic differentiation seen; however, the mutation and structural changes in the non-coding region may result in the phenotypic variations. In addition, there is a distinct variation of the evolutionary rate in the mitochondrial coding genes, suggesting the selection of appropriate molecular markers during the phylogenic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - W L Huang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Y S Li
- Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - H F Dong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Q P Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Zhu HS, Chen S, Wang MZ, Ou JM, Xie ZH, Huang WL, Lin JW, Ye WJ. [Analysis on association between incidence of hand foot and mouth disease and meteorological factors in Xiamen, 2013-2017]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:531-536. [PMID: 31177733 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the influence of meteorological factors on the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xiamen, Fujian province, and provide scientific evidence for the early warning, prediction, prevention and control of HFMD. Methods: Correlation analysis and distribution lag nonlinear models (DLNM) analysis of meteorological factors such as daily average pressure, daily average relative humidity, daily average temperature and sunshine hours and the incidence of HFMD in Xiamen during 2013 to 2017 were conducted by using R3.4.3 software. Results: A total of 36 464 cases of HFMD were reported in Xiamen during 2013-2017, and the incidence showed an upward trend (F=40.359, P=0.008). The daily average relative humidity, daily average temperature and sunshine hours were positively correlated with the incidence of HFMD (r>0), and the daily average site pressure was negatively correlated with the incidence of HFMD (r<0). In the case of a lag of 0-5 days, when the daily average pressure of the station was higher than 1 005 hPa, the risk of HFMD gradually increased with the increase of air pressure, and the risk of disease decreased with the increase of lag days. The risk was highest when air pressure was 1 017 hPa and at the lag of 0 day (RR=1.14, 95%CI: 0.67-1.94). When the relative humidity was higher than 95%, the risk of HFMD gradually increased with the increase of relative humidity, and the lag time ranged from 0 day to 10 days, which was most obvious on the 4(th) and 5(th) days. The risk was highest when relative humidity was 100% and at the lag of 5 days (RR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.02-1.71). When the air temperature was >28 ℃ and <8 ℃, the risk of HFMD existed, but the lag time was inconsistent. The relative risk was highest during 15-20 days at low air temperature, and the lag time at high air temperature was mainly during 5-15 days. The risk was highest when air temperature was 28 ℃ and at the lag of 4 days (RR=1.10, 95%CI: 0.94-1.29). The sunshine time was >12 h and lag of 0-3 days was a risk factor for the incidence of HFMD. The risk was highest when sunshine time was 13 h and the lag of 0 day (RR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-1.36). Conclusion: Meteorological factors such as daily average pressure, daily average relative humidity, daily average temperature and sunshine hours were associated with the incidence of HFMD with certain lag in Xiamen. So, it is suggested to use these data in the early warning system of HFMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Zhu
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - S Chen
- Fujian Climate Center Climate Impact Assessment Office, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - M Z Wang
- Emergency Department of Xiamen City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - J M Ou
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Z H Xie
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W L Huang
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - J W Lin
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - W J Ye
- Emergency Management and Epidemic Management Office, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Zeng YL, Tang HL, Li JM, Wang QS, Yu H, Su L, Yang W, Gong Y, Li T, Huang WL, Zhang LL, Lai WW. [Survival analysis of people living with HIV/AIDS in Sichuan province, 1991-2017]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2019; 40:309-314. [PMID: 30884609 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the survival time of people living with HIV/AIDS and related influencing factors in Sichuan province during 1991-2017. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data of 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases. The data were collected from Chinese HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System. Life table method was used to calculate the survival proportion of the cases, and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to identify the factors related with survival time. Results: Among 143 988 HIV/AIDS cases a total of 30 420 cases died of AIDS related diseases (21.1%) and the average survival time was 11.51 years (95%CI: 11.39-11.64). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were gender (male vs. female, HR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.32-1.40), education level (primary school or below vs. junior middle school: HR=1.15, 95%CI: 1.12-1.18), ethnic group (Han vs. other ethnic groups, HR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.41-1.52), occupation (farmer vs. other occupations: HR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.22-1.29), age (≥55 years old vs. 15-24 years old: HR=3.18, 95%CI: 3.02- 3.36), disease phase (AIDS vs. HIV infection: HR=1.44, 95%CI: 1.39-1.48), antiretroviral therapy (ART) (receiving ART vs. receiving no ART: HR=0.20, 95%CI: 0.19-0.20), and CD(4)(+)T cell counts at diagnosis (>500 cells/μl vs.<200 cells/μl: HR=0.42, 95%CI: 0.40-0.45). Conclusions: The average survival time of HIV/AIDS cases was 11.51 years in Sichuan during 1991- 2017. The risk factors for the survival of the cases were male, education level of primary school or below, Han ethnic group, farmer, old age at diagnosis, disease phase, The protective factors for the survival of HIV/AIDS cases were receiving ART and higher CD(4)(+) T cell counts at diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Zeng
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H L Tang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J M Li
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q S Wang
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Yu
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Su
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Yang
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Gong
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T Li
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W L Huang
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L L Zhang
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W W Lai
- Department of AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China
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Huang WL, Yang Y, Yang J, Yang J, Wang HB, Xiong XL, Zhang YF. Use of tolvaptan vs. furosemide in older patients with heart failure : Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Herz 2017; 43:338-345. [PMID: 28523370 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-017-4563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is not known whether older patients with acute heart failure (HF) receiving tolvaptan have decreased mortality rates and a better long-term prognosis than patients who receive furosemide. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to address this issue. METHODS The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for English-language RCTs published before September 2016 comparing tolvaptan with furosemide treatment in older patients (>65 years old) after acute HF. The primary outcomes assessed were 6‑month all-cause mortality and worsening renal function (WRF); the secondary outcomes were electrolyte disorders, hospital readmissions, and adverse events. RESULTS Out of 669 citations, six RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this meta-analysis. There was a significant decrease in WRF (relative risk [RR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52-0.86, p = 0.002) and in the hospitalization period (mean difference [MD] = -1.86, 95% CI = -3.70--0.02, p = 0.05), as well as a significant increase in urine volume within 3 days of tolvaptan administration (MD = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.41-1.76, p < 0.00001). There were significant differences in creatinine levels between subgroups (MD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14-0.52, p = 0.0006). However, for the outcome of 6‑month all-cause mortality (RR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.29-1.06, p = 0.07), there was no significant difference among all subgroups. There were significant differences in serum sodium concentration (MD = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.02-1.34, p = 0.04) but no significant changes in systolic blood pressure (MD = 3.57, 95% CI = -2.33-9.47, p = 0.24) between groups. CONCLUSION In older patients, tolvaptan relieves WRF, reduces the hospitalization period, and increases urine volume without significant effects on blood pressure. However, surprisingly, the use of tolvaptan did not influence 6‑month all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-L Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, 443000, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, 443000, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - J Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, 443000, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.
| | - J Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, 443000, Yichang, Hubei Province, China.
| | - H-B Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, 443000, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - X-L Xiong
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, 443000, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Y-F Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, the First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, 443000, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
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Pang PC, Shi XY, Huang WL, Sun K. miR-497 as a potential serum biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:3765-3769. [PMID: 27735043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this manuscript is to analyze the diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating miR-497 in the plasma of patients with osteosarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum miR-497 expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlations between miR-497 expression and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients were then evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS Our data showed that serum miR-497 expression was down-regulated in osteosarcoma patients compared with the matched healthy controls (p < 0.001). Then, low miR-497 expression was significantly associated with clinical stage (p = 0.001), distant metastasis (p = 0.001) and response to chemotherapy (p = 0.007). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the accuracy in distinguishing osteosarcoma patients from healthy controls yielded an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.848 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.773-0.923). Kaplan-Meier analysis results showed that patients with lower expression of miR-497 had shorter survival times (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that the miR-497 expression level and various clinicopathological features were independent prognostic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that low serum miR-497 level was correlated with aggressive progression and poor prognosis of osteosarcoma. Serum miR-497 may be a potential biomarker for early detection and clinical evaluation in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P-C Pang
- Department of Orthopedics, Department of General Surgery, and Hospital Infection Management Department; The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Lin HW, Lin CH, Chang CK, Chou CY, Chao PT, Hsu CN, Chang LY, Hsieh YW, Hung JS, Huang WL, Cho DY. Trends of Hypnotic Medication Use in A 2000-Bed Medical Center in Taiwan. Value Health 2014; 17:A721. [PMID: 27202554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H W Lin
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C H Lin
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C K Chang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C Y Chou
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - P T Chao
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C N Hsu
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - L Y Chang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Y W Hsieh
- China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J S Hung
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - W L Huang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - D Y Cho
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Abstract
A previous experiment demonstrated that fibroin protein and chitosan mixed in proper proportion presented good physical and chemical properties and biological characteristics, which can make up for their respective disadvantages. To observe the growth of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on these fibroin protein/chitosan 3D scaffolds, induced rabbit BMSCs were seeded on fibroin protein/chitosan scaffolds. The cell adhesion rate was measured, and cell growth was observed under an inverted microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The cell adhesion rate increased with time. The inverted microscope observations showed that the cells on fibroin protein/chitosan scaffolds could not be seen clearly. As time passed, the number of cells around the stent increased and some cells stretched inside the scaffolds. Electron microscopy showed active cell growth and normal proliferation, and the granular and filamentous matrix substances could be seen around cells. The microfilaments of cell and scaffold materials were tightly connected. The cells not only grew on the surface of the adherent material, but also stretched inside of the materials. These results indicated that the fibroin protein/ chitosan mixed scaffolds have good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - R F She
- Department of Orthopedics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - W L Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - C Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - G Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in sustained attention and reaction time are core features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, little is known about attention performance in unaffected siblings. Hence, we examined sustained attention and reaction time in youths with ADHD, unaffected siblings and controls to test whether impaired performance in attention tasks can be a potential endophenotype of ADHD. METHOD We recruited 438 probands with clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to DSM-IV criteria, 180 unaffected siblings, and 173 healthy controls without lifetime ADHD. They were assessed using psychiatric interviews, Conners' Continuous Performance Test, and the tasks involving attention performance of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB): Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP), Reaction Time (RTI) and Match to Sample Visual Search (MTS). Multi-level models were used for data analysis. RESULTS Compared with the controls, probands with ADHD and unaffected siblings had significantly higher total misses, lower probability of hits in the RVP task and probands with ADHD performed worse in the RTI and MTS tasks after controlling for sex, age, co-morbidity, parental educational levels and IQ. The duration of methylphenidate use and IQ but not psychiatric co-morbidity or current use of methylphenidate were associated with deficits in sustained attention in probands with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that attention performance assessed by the RVP task, but not the RTI or MTS tasks, of the CANTAB may be a useful cognitive endophenotype for ADHD genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S-F Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-L Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhu YL, Cen J, Zhang YY, Feng YD, Yang Y, Li YM, Huang WL. The Multidrug Resistant Modulator HZ08 Reverses Multidrug Resistance via P-glycoprotein Inhibition and Apoptosis Sensitization in Human Epidermoid Carcinoma Cell Line KBv200. Arzneimittelforschung 2012; 62:e1. [PMID: 22371293 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1306332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Zhu
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Xu BL, Yuan L, Wu JX, Xu N, Fang WJ, Zhao P, Huang WL. Mc-hES, a novel plasmid carrying human endostatin gene, inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma growth. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 19:110-7. [PMID: 22158523 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Conventional plasmids for gene therapy produce low-level and short-term gene expression. Here, we first created minicircle carrying endostatin (mc-hES) for measurement of transfection efficiency. Compared with pcDNA-hES, MC-mediated endostatin gene transfer in vitro resulted in seven-fold greater endostatin expression levels in transfected cells and inhibited the growth of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) more efficiently. HUVEC cell migration and tube-formation assays suggested that MC-mediated endostatin gene has significant anti-migration and anti-tube-formation capacity than that in pcDNA-hES. In vivo experiments showed that after transfection, mc-hES inhibited the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts. The tumor inhibition rates of mc-hES and pcDNA-hES were 60.8% and 26.9%, respectively (P<0.05). MC-mediated intratumoral endostatin expression in vivo was 2.2-17.9 times higher than pcDNA-hES in xenografted mice and lasted for 20 days. Our results suggest that minicircle DNA vectors might be a promising vector for biotherapy and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-L Xu
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PRC
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Abstract
E2F-1 controls multiple cellular activities through transcriptional regulation of its target genes. As a mediator of cell death, E2F-1 can eliminate latent neoplastic cells through apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which E2F-1 mediates cancer cell killing is largely unknown. In this paper, we report that phosphatase of activated cells 1 (PAC1) phosphatase is a direct transcription target of E2F-1 in signaling apoptosis. We show that ectopic E2F-1 increases expression of PAC1 at both transcriptional and translational levels in breast cancer cells. E2F-1 physically interacts with the promoter of PAC1, binds to its consensus sequence in the promoter and transactivates the PAC1 promoter. E2F-1 suppresses extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation through PAC1 and causes cancer cell death by apoptosis following treatment with a chemotherapeutic agent N-4-hydroxyphenylretinamide (4-HPR). Furthermore, ectopic PAC1 inhibits ERK phosphorylation and mediates cell killing. Moreover, endogenous E2F-1 upregulates PAC1 and suppresses ERK activity, leading to cell death in response to 4-HPR. These results reveal a crucial role of PAC1 in E2F-1-directed apoptosis. Our study demonstrates that E2F-1 mediates apoptosis through transcriptional regulation of PAC1 and subsequent suppression of the ERK signaling. Our findings establish a functional link between E2F-1 and mitogen-activated protein kinases. The E2F-1-PAC1 cascade in cancer cell killing may provide a molecular basis for cancer therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Huang WL, George KJ, Ibba V, Liu MC, Averill S, Quartu M, Hamlyn PJ, Priestley JV. The characteristics of neuronal injury in a static compression model of spinal cord injury in adult rats. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25:362-72. [PMID: 17284176 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05284.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies of spinal cord injury using contusion (impact) injury paradigms have shown that neuronal death is an acute event that is largely over within 24 h. However, much less is known about cell death following compression injury, despite compression being a key component of natural spinal injuries. We have therefore used neuronal nuclei (NeuN) immunostaining to examine the spatiotemporal pattern of neuronal loss after static compression injury in adult rats. 3D reconstruction was used to reveal the full effect of the injury. Neuronal loss at the injury epicentre, assessed by NeuN immunostaining, amounted to 44% at 1 day but increased to 73% at 3 days and 81% at 1 month. Neuronal loss was also seen 5 mm rostral and caudal to the epicentre, but was not significant until 3 days. NeuN loss was greatest in the ventral horns and in the intermediate grey matter, with the lateral dorsal horns relatively spared. Cystic cavities formed after injury, but were not evident until 4 weeks and were small in size. In contrast to the slow profile of neuronal loss, the compression injury also evoked a transient expression of activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3) and activated c-Jun in neurons. ATF3 expression peaked at 3 days and declined at 7 days. Our spatiotemporal analysis of compression injury shows that neuronal loss is much more protracted than in contusion injury, and highlights the potential for neuroprotective strategies. This study is also the first indication of ATF3 involvement in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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Huang WL, King VR, Curran OE, Dyall SC, Ward RE, Lal N, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. A combination of intravenous and dietary docosahexaenoic acid significantly improves outcome after spinal cord injury. Brain 2007; 130:3004-19. [PMID: 17901087 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are neuroprotective in models of spinal cord injury (SCI) in rodents. However, the mechanism of action underlying these effects has not been elucidated, and the optimum treatment regime remains to be defined. We have therefore carried out a detailed analysis of the effects of DHA in adult rats subject to thoracic compression SCI. Saline or DHA (250 nmol/kg) was administered intravenously (i.v.) 30 min after compression. After injury, the saline group received a standard control diet for 1 or 6 weeks, whereas DHA-injected animals received either a control or a DHA-enriched diet (400 mg/kg/day) for 1 or 6 weeks. Other groups received a DHA-enriched diet only for 1 week following injury, or received acute DHA (250 nmol/kg; i.v.) treatment delayed up to 3 h after injury. We also assessed oxidative stress and the inflammatory reaction at the injury site, neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival and axonal damage and the locomotor recovery. At 24 h, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, RNA/DNA oxidation and the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 were all significantly reduced by i.v. DHA administration. At 1 week and 6 weeks, macrophage recruitment was reduced and neuronal and oligodendrocyte survival was substantially increased. Axonal injury was reduced at 6 weeks. Locomotor recovery was improved from day 4, and sustained up to 6 weeks. Rats treated with a DHA-enriched diet in addition to the acute DHA injection were not significantly different from the acute DHA-treated animals at 1 week, but at 6 weeks showed additional improvements in both functional and histological outcomes. DHA treatment was ineffective if the acute injection was delayed until 3 h post-injury, or if the DHA was administered for 1 week solely by diet. Our results in a clinically relevant model of SCI show that significant neuroprotection can be obtained by combining an initial acute i.v. injection of DHA with a sustained dietary supplementation. Given that the safety and tolerability of preparations enriched in omega-3 fatty acids is already well-documented, such a combined DHA treatment regime deserves consideration as a very promising approach to SCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell & Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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Guo JS, Zeng YS, Li HB, Huang WL, Liu RY, Li XB, Ding Y, Wu LZ, Cai DZ. Cotransplant of neural stem cells and NT-3 gene modified Schwann cells promote the recovery of transected spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2006; 45:15-24. [PMID: 16773039 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN An animal model of transected spinal cord injury (SCI) was used to test the hypothesis that cografted neural stem cells (NSCs) and NT-3-SCs promote morphologic and functional recoveries of injured spinal cord. OBJECTIVE To explore whether cotransplant of NSCs and NT-3-SCs could promote the injured spinal cord repair. SETTING Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, PR China. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats weighing on 200-220 g were used to prepare SCI models. The spinal cord was transected between T(9) and T(10), then NSCs, SCs+NSCs, LacZ-SCs+NSCs, or NT-3-SCs+NSCs were grafted into the transected site. RESULTS (1) Part of NSCs could differentiate to neuron-like cells in the transected site and the percentage of differentiation was NT-3-SCs+NSCs group>SCs+NSCs group>NSCs group. (2) In the grafted groups, there were 5-HT, CGRP, and SP positive nerve fibres within the transected site. Some fluorogold (FG)-labeled cells were found in the spinal cord rostral to the transected site, the red nuclei and the inner pyramidal layer of sensorimotor cortex. (3) The cells grafted could enhance the injured neurons survival in inner pyramidal layer of sensorimotor cortex, red nuclei of midbrain, and Clark's nuclei of spinal cord's L1 segment, could decrease the latency and increase the amplitude of cortical somatosensory evoked potential (CSEP) and cortical motor evoked potential (CMEP), and could promote partly structural and functional recovery of the SCI rats. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that cografted NT-3-SCs and NSCs is a potential therapy for SCI. SPONSORSHIP This research was supported by Chinese National Key Project for Basic Research (G1999054009), Chinese National Natural Science Foundation (30270700) and Social Developmental Foundation of Guangdong Province (2003C33808) to YS Zeng; Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (04300468) and Medical Science Research Grant of Guangdong Province (A2004081) to JS Guo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-S Guo
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, #74 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
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Huang WL, Robson D, Liu MC, King VR, Averill S, Shortland PJ, Priestley JV. Spinal cord compression and dorsal root injury cause up-regulation of activating transcription factor-3 in large-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2006; 23:273-8. [PMID: 16420436 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury causes damage to ascending and descending tracts, as well as to local circuits, but relatively little is known about the effect of such injury on sensory neurons located within adjoining ganglia. We have therefore used immunocytochemistry for activating transcription factor-3 (ATF3), a sensitive marker of axonal damage, in order to examine the effects of spinal cord injury in rats on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. A 50-g static compression injury applied to the dorsal surface of the T12 thoracic spinal cord led to an up-regulation of ATF3 that was maximal at 1 day and affected 12-14% of DRG neurons in ganglia caudal to the injury (T13-L3). A similar response was seen after a T12 hemisection that transected the dorsal columns except that compression injury, but not hemisection, also evoked ATF3 expression in ganglia just rostral to the injury (T10, T11). ATF3 was up-regulated exclusively in DRG neurons that were of large diameter and immunoreactive for heavy neurofilament. Small-diameter cells, including the population that binds the lectin Grifffonia simplicifolia IB4, did not express ATF3 immunoreactivity. A similar pattern of ATF3 expression was induced by dorsal rhizotomy. The data show for the first time that ATF3 is up-regulated after spinal cord and dorsal root injury, but that this up-regulation is confined to the large-diameter cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK.
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Zhou JM, Zhu XF, Lu YJ, Deng R, Huang ZS, Mei YP, Wang Y, Huang WL, Liu ZC, Gu LQ, Zeng YX. Senescence and telomere shortening induced by novel potent G-quadruplex interactive agents, quindoline derivatives, in human cancer cell lines. Oncogene 2006; 25:503-11. [PMID: 16170347 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Agents stabilizing G-quadruplexes have the potential to interfere with telomere replication by blocking the elongation step catalysed by telomerase or telomerase-independent mechanism and could therefore act as antitumor agents. In this study, we found that quindoline derivatives interacted preferentially with intramolecular G-quadruplex structures and were novel potent telomerase inhibitors. Treatment with quindoline derivatives reproducibly inhibited telomerase activity in human leukemia K562 cells and colon cancer SW620 cells. N'-(10H-Indolo [3,2-b] quinolin-11-yl)-N, N-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diamine (SYUIQ-5), (one of quindoline derivatives), when added to K562 and SW620 cell culture at nonacute cytotoxic concentrations, increased time of population doublings of K562 and SW620 cells, induced a marked cessation in cell growth and cellular senescence phenotype after 35 and 18 days, respectively. Growth cessation was accompanied by a shortening of telomere length, and induction of p16, p21 and p27 protein expression. However, another compound SYUIQ-7 with greater IC(50) for telomerase had no obvious cellular effect in nonacute cytotoxic concentrations. These results indicate that quindoline derivatives as novel potent G-quadruplex interactive agents induce senescence and telomere shortening in cancer cells and therefore are promising agents for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
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Abstract
Following spinal root injury, dorsal root ganglia suffer mechanical trauma and compromised blood supply. Little is known about the consequences for neuronal survival. Here we used cyanide treatment in vitro to examine effects of moderate hypoxia on adult rat dorsal root ganglion cells identified by GAP-43 immunostaining. 400 microM-4 mM cyanide caused sustained increases in intracellular Ca2+. Cyanide at 2 mM led to a significant increase in apoptosis, detected using TUNEL labelling and confirmed by ultrastructural analysis, and a further increase when cultures were left overnight in fresh medium. Our study shows that dorsal root ganglion neurons die by apoptosis following hypoxia and that cell death increases over time. Cyanide response provides a simple assay for testing neuroprotective agents and examining underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Neuroscience Centre, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
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Chari DM, Huang WL, Blakemore WF. Dysfunctional oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) populations may inhibit repopulation of OPC depleted tissue. J Neurosci Res 2003; 73:787-93. [PMID: 12949904 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have attempted to extend a previously described rat model of focal oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) depletion, using 40 Gy X-irradiation (Chari and Blakemore [2002] Glia 37:307-313), to the adult mouse spinal cord, to examine the ability of OPCs present in adjacent normal areas to colonise areas of progenitor depletion. In contrast to rat, OPCs in the mouse spinal cord appeared to be a comparatively radiation-resistant population, as 30-35% of OPCs survived in X-irradiated tissue (whereas <1% of OPCs survive in X-irradiated rat spinal cord). The numbers of surviving OPCs remained constant with time indicating that this population was incapable of regenerating itself in response to OPC loss. Additionally, these OPCs did not contribute to remyelination of axons when demyelinating lesions were placed in X-irradiated tissue, suggesting that the surviving cells are functionally impaired. Importantly, the length of the OPC-depleted area did not diminish with time, as would be expected if progressive repopulation of OPC-depleted areas by OPCs from normal areas was occurring. Our findings therefore raise the possibility that the presence of a residual dysfunctional OPC population may inhibit colonisation of such areas by normal OPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Chari
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Huang WL, Harper CG, Evans SF, Newnham JP, Dunlop SA. Repeated prenatal corticosteroid administration delays astrocyte and capillary tight junction maturation in fetal sheep. Int J Dev Neurosci 2001; 19:487-93. [PMID: 11470378 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(01)00035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are powerful regulators of cell differentiation and maturation. Their synthetic counterparts, the corticosteroids, are used widely in obstetric practice to enhance fetal lung maturation in cases of threatened preterm birth. Here we examined the effects of repeated corticosteroid administration on astrocyte and capillary tight junction development in the fetal sheep brain, selecting the corpus callosum for analysis. Pregnant ewes were given saline or betamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) at 104, 111, 118 and 124 days gestation. Lambs were delivered at term, terminally anaesthetized and transcardially perfused. Transverse semi-thin sections of the corpus callosum were cut and immuno-stained with antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Ultra-thin sections were examined in the electron microscope. The percentage area of GFAP staining was reduced in the corticosteroid-treated group compared to control (5.2 vs. 8.7%, P<0.05). The expression of GFAP in peri-capillary and parenchymal astrocytes was also reduced compared to control (peri-capillary: 3.0 vs. 9.5 microm2; parenchymal: 14.6 vs. 29.4 microm2, P<0.05). Furthermore, capillary tight junction maturation was delayed compared to control. Immature 'type II' junctions were more common in the corticosteroid-treated group (63 vs. 22%, P<0.05), whereas more mature 'type III' junctions were less common (27 vs. 65%, P<0.05). Our data suggest that repeated corticosteroids delay both astrocyte and capillary tight junction maturation. The implications for clinical practice are as yet unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, WA 6009, Crawley, Australia
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Lin KH, Chern CL, Chu PY, Chang CH, Wang HL, Sheu MM, Huang WL, Pongsuwanna Y, Yamamoto S, Yoshino S, Ishiko H, Takeda N. Genetic analysis of recent Taiwanese isolates of a variant of coxsackievirus A24. J Med Virol 2001; 64:269-74. [PMID: 11424114 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) caused by a variant of coxsackievirus A24 (CA24v) reappeared in Taiwan in 1990 and 1994, following the first two epidemics of 1985--86 and 1988--89. To analyze the genetic diversity of recent CA24v in Taiwan, 7 Taiwanese strains isolated during the 1990--94 period were studied together with one Japanese and two Thai strains isolated in 1993. A fragment of 674 nucleotides between the carboxy terminal 3A and the amino terminal 3D polymerase, including the entire 3C protease (3C(pro)), was amplified by a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the nucleotide sequences were determined. In the 549 nucleotides (183 amino acids) of the entire 3C(pro), we found nucleotide differences at 80 positions between 10 strains and the prototype strain, EH24/70, one of the earliest strains of CA24v. Most of the nucleotide changes were synonymous substitutions and only nine amino acid changes were found. The nucleotide sequence homologies among 71 strains worldwide were 88-100%. These 71 nucleotide sequences were then analyzed by Neighbor-joining method and phylogenetically separated into three distinct genotypes. Genotype I consisted of early strains isolated in 1970--71 from Singapore and Hong Kong. Genotype II included isolates from Singapore and Thailand obtained in 1975. Genotype III comprised strains from the eastern hemisphere isolated in 1985--94 from Japan, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Thailand, Singapore, Pakistan and Ghana. They were further divided chronologically into six clusters. The recent isolates from Taiwan obtained in 1985/1986, 1988/1989 and 1990--94 were classified into genotype III Clusters 1, 5, and 6 respectively. The evolutionary rate was re-estimated to be 3 x 10(- 3) 30 years after the emergence of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Huang WL, Harper CG, Evans SF, Newnham JP, Dunlop SA. Repeated prenatal corticosteroid administration delays myelination of the corpus callosum in fetal sheep. Int J Dev Neurosci 2001; 19:415-25. [PMID: 11378301 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-5748(01)00026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids regulate oligodendrocyte maturation and the myelin biosynthetic pathways. Synthetic glucocorticoids, the corticosteroids have been successfully used in clinical practice as a single course to enhance lung maturation and reduce mortality and morbidity in preterm infants with no long-term neurologic or cognitive side effects. However, a trend has arisen to use repeated courses despite an absence of safety data from clinical trials. We examined the effects of clinically appropriate, maternally administrated, repeated courses of corticosteroids on myelination of the corpus callosum using sheep as a large animal model. The corpus callosum is a major white matter tract that undergoes protracted myelination, underpins higher order cognitive processing and developmental damage to which is associated with, for example, cerebral palsy, mental retardation and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pregnant ewes were given saline or betamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) at 104,111,118 and 124 days gestation, stages equivalent to the third trimester in humans. Lambs were delivered at 145 days (term), perfused and the corpus callosum examined light and electron microscopically. Total axon numbers were unaffected (P>0.05). However, myelination was significantly delayed. Myelinated axons were 5.7% in the experimental group and 9.2% in controls (P<0.05); conversely, unmyelinated axons were 88.3 and 83.7% (P<0.05). Myelinated axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness were also reduced (0.68 vs. 0.94 and 0.11 vs. 0.14 microm, P<0.05). Our data suggest that repeated prenatal corticosteroid administration delays myelination of the corpus callosum and that further safety data are needed to evaluate clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Western Australia, 6009, Crawley, Australia
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Yan Z, Huang WL, Peng SX, Hua WY. [Synthesis and bioactivity of some 3,4-diacyloxybenzopyrans]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2001; 32:97-105. [PMID: 11243208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Considerable attention is now being given to the potassium channel openers of benzopyrans as potential therapeutical agents for hypertension. In order to search for novel antihypertensive with high efficacy and low toxicity, integrating structural features of cromakalim and praeruptorin C, twenty-four compounds of 3,4-diacyloxybenzopyrans were designed and synthesized. Some of them exhibited hypotensive activity in Sprague Dawley rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009
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Huang WL, Liang KM, Cui SH, Gu SR. Influence of Calcination Procedure on Porosity and Surface Fractal Dimensions of Silica Xerogels Prepared under Different Evaporation Conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 231:152-157. [PMID: 11082259 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.7105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Silica xerogels were prepared under three different solvent evaporation conditions before gelation and two calcination procedures after aging and drying, using a hydrochloric acid-catalyzed tetraethyl orthosilicate system with acetone as the solvent. The influence of calcination procedures on the percentage porosity and surface fractal dimensions of the resultant xerogels is investigated. The evaluation of percentage porosity and surface fractal dimensions based on field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy indicates that calcination generally causes an increase in percentage porosity and surface fractal dimensions. Calcination at 700 degrees C without an intermediate stay at 600 degrees C leads to larger extent of further condensation that hinders the increase of porosity and surface fractal dimensions, in comparison with calcination with an intermediate stay. The difference in porosity and surface fractal dimensions derived from calcination procedures is also influenced by the solvent evaporation conditions before gelation in preparation of the samples. When the solvent evaporation rate is slower, the difference is slight because further condensation in the resultant finer gel textures proceeds more efficiently. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- WL Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
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31
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Huang WL. [Clinical observation of the effectiveness of Smecta and VitE on oral RUA]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1999; 8:209. [PMID: 15048212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Department Of Dentistry, Civil Aviation Hospital of Guangzhou. Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong province, China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of single and repeated courses of corticosteroids on brain growth in fetal sheep. METHODS Pregnant sheep were given intramuscular betamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) at 104 days' gestation followed at 111, 118, and 124 days by equivalent volumes of sterile normal saline (n = 12) or betamethasone (n = 12). Controls received equivalent volumes of sterile normal saline at all four intervals (n = 12). Lambs were delivered at 125 (preterm) or 145 (term) days. After perfusion, we measured weights (grams) for whole brain, cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem, volumes (milliliters) for whole brain and cerebrum, and maximum cerebral anterior-posterior length, width, and depth (centimeters). RESULTS In the single-injection group at preterm, there were no significant differences (P = .070) in whole-brain weight between the corticosteroid-treated animals (38.0 +/- 1.81 g) and controls (42.5 +/- 1.65 g). Cerebral length and depth were significantly reduced in the corticosteroid group (P < .05); other measures were not significantly different. At term, whole-brain weight was significantly lower (47.5 +/- 1.70 g; P = .022) compared with controls (53.4 +/- 1.73 g). All other measures were significantly reduced (P < .05) except cerebral and brain-stem weights and cerebral length. In the group that received repeated injections at preterm, whole-brain weight was significantly reduced (35.5 +/- 1.65 g; P = .005) compared with controls (42.5 +/- 1.65 g). All other measures were significantly reduced (P < .05) except cerebellar and brain-stem weights. At term, whole-brain weight was also significantly reduced (42.4 +/- 1.52 g; P = .001) compared with controls (53.4 +/- 1.73 g) as were all other measures (P < .05). CONCLUSION Administration of single and repeated courses of corticosteroids to pregnant sheep retarded fetal brain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Department of Zoology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.
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Abstract
Corticosteroid therapy is used in a variety of developmental clinical settings. Prenatally, maternal administration of corticosteroids is used primarily in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. Postnatally, corticosteroids are used to treat a variety of infant diseases such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hypoglycemia. Treatment regimes often involve repeated administration, on a weekly basis prenatally and daily postnatally, despite an absence of safety data from randomized clinical trials. A large number of animal studies, the majority of which used rodents, have shown that both repeated prenatal or neonatal administration of exogenous corticosteroids has a wide range of detrimental effects on the structure and function of the developing central nervous system (CNS). None of these studies included long-term follow-up. Despite the reported detrimental effects on CNS development, a number of animal studies have shown that pretreatment with corticosteroids nevertheless protect the brain from hypoxia-ischemic injury; however, clinically such treatment is no longer favored. Studies using large animal models and with long-term follow-up should be undertaken to establish the relative risks and benefits of the repeated application of exogenous corticosteroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Department of Zoology, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.
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Huang WL. [Filling of the IV type cavity with sandwich tecnique in teeth with vital pulp]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1999; 8:46-7. [PMID: 15048320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Guangzhou Civial Aviation Hospital. Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong province, China
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Fu LW, Pan QC, Huang WL, Yang XP. Reversal of tumor multidrug resistance by 2-phenyl-3-(3',5'-dimorpholinomethyl-4'-hydroxy)-benzoyl-indole (HWL-12). Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1998; 19:77-80. [PMID: 10375766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the reversal of multidrug resistance (MDR) by indole derivative HWL-12. METHODS Cytotoxicity was determined by tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The function of P-gp was examined by Fura 2-AM assay. Cellular accumulation of doxorubicin (Dox) was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry. RESULTS HWL-12 10 mumol.L-1 markedly increased Fura-2 accumulation and was 17.2-fold reversal of MDR in MCF-7/ADR cells. The cellular Dox accumulation in MDR cells was increased in the presence of HWL-12 on the MCF-7/ADR cells. No effect was observed for Dox accumulation in the presence of high Ca2+ (addition of CaCl2) or low Ca2+ (addition of egtazic acid). CONCLUSION HWL-12 has a potent MDR reversal action which was associated with the increase of cellular Dox accumulation in MDR cells and not related with calcium ion concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Fu
- Cancer Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Chow YH, Huang WL, Chi WK, Chu YD, Tao MH. Improvement of hepatitis B virus DNA vaccines by plasmids coexpressing hepatitis B surface antigen and interleukin-2. J Virol 1997; 71:169-78. [PMID: 8985336 PMCID: PMC191037 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.1.169-178.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines encoding a viral protein have been shown to induce antiviral immune responses and provide protection against subsequent viral challenge. In this study, we show that the efficacy of a DNA vaccine can be greatly improved by simultaneous expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Plasmid vectors encoding the major (S) or middle (pre-S2 plus S) envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were constructed and compared for their potential to induce hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-specific immune responses with a vector encoding the middle envelope and IL-2 fusion protein or with a bicistronic vector separately encoding the middle envelope protein and IL-2. Following transfection of cells in culture with these HBV plasmid vectors, we found that the encoded major protein was secreted while the middle protein and the fusion protein were retained on the cell membrane. Despite differences in localization of the encoded antigens, plasmids encoding the major or middle proteins gave similar antibody and T-cell proliferative responses in the vaccinated animals. The use of plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein in the fusion or nonfusion context resulted in enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses. In addition, the vaccine efficacy in terms of dosage used in immunization was increased at least 100-fold by coexpression of IL-2. We also found that DNA vaccines coexpressing IL-2 help overcome major histocompatibility complex-linked nonresponsiveness to HBsAg vaccination. The immune responses elicited by HBV DNA vaccines were also modulated by coexpression of IL-2. When restimulated with antigen in vitro, splenocytes from mice that received plasmids coexpressing IL-2 and the envelope protein produced much stronger T helper 1 (Th1)-like responses than did those from mice that had been given injections of plasmids encoding the envelope protein alone. Coexpression of IL-2 also increased the Th2-like responses, although the increment was much less significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chow
- Division of Cancer Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin YM, Huang WL, Hwang JJ, Ko YL, Lien WP. Swyer-James syndrome associated with Noonan syndrome: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc 1995; 94:742-5. [PMID: 8541736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A 28-year-old man with Noonan syndrome associated with unilateral hyperlucent lung is reported. He had the typical craniofacial appearance and short stature of Noonan syndrome; he had mild mental retardation, atrophic testis, mild funnel chest and kyphosis. cardiovascular abnormalities included asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a significantly different caliber of the left and right pulmonary arteries. The unilateral hyperlucent lung was shown to result from acquired nondestructive emphysema caused by nonvalvular obstruction of the bronchi (Swyer-James syndrome or Macleod's syndrome). To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of Noonan syndrome associated with Swyer-James syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Provincial Feng Yuan Hospital, Taichung, Feng Yuan, ROC
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Wang HL, Sheu MM, Huang WL, Chen CW, Chou LC, Lin KH. A molecular study of ocular herpes simplex infection in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Part I: Cleavage pattern analysis. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1995; 11:507-13. [PMID: 7474034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the relationship between genotypes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and its clinical pictures in herpes simplex virus keratoconjunctivitis (HSK), fifty nine strains of HSV isolates, collected in the Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital during January 1981 to July 1991, and F strain (ATCC VR-73), a standard HSV-1, were studied. The viruses were isolated from HSK patients. All 59 strains were identified as HSV-1 using immunofluorescence monoclonal antibody method. The HSV DNAs were extracted and digested by restriction enzymes, BamH I, Kpn I and Sal I, followed by electrophoresis, and photographing. Six kinds of DNA cleavage patterns were found in Taiwan. The majority were E subtype (56.4%) then A subtype (27.3%), D subtype (7.3%), F subtype (5.4%), G subtype (1.8%) and H subtype (1.8%). Subtypes B and C were not found in this study. The cleavage patterns of two recurrent cases belonged to E and A subtypes. The identical cleavage patterns of two bilateral infections all belonged to the E subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical College, Republic of China
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Yang PM, Hwang LH, Lai MY, Huang WL, Chu YD, Chi WK, Chiang BL, Kao JH, Chen PJ, Chen DS. Prominent proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a recombinant non-structural (NS3) protein of hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Clin Exp Immunol 1995; 101:272-7. [PMID: 7544249 PMCID: PMC1553277 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb08350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to a recombinant non-structural (NS3) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) was studied in 41 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Of them, 28 had chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 13 chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The positive proliferation rate of PBMC to the recombinant NS3 protein, T9Ag, was 66% in the 41 patients (77% in CAH versus 61% in CPH; P > 0.05) when stimulation index (SI) = 4 was set as the cut-off value. However, mean SI of CAH patients was significantly higher than that of CPH patients (8.3 +/- 5.2 versus 5.1 +/- 3.6; P < 0.05). Six other chronic hepatitis patients who were repeatedly negative for anti-HCV antibody but positive for serum HCV RNA also had an SI of > or = 4.0. The frequency of cellular immune response to the T9Ag is among the highest results obtained by using HCV antigens tested so far. Our studies thus indicate that NS3 is an immunologically important region of HCV for T cells. Moreover, the proliferative response to T9Ag may help to establish hepatitis C etiology in chronic hepatitis patients who are seronegative with currently available anti-HCV assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
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Wang HZ, Tsai RK, Jeng JE, Sheu MM, Huang WL, Lin CP, Chen CW. [The re-evaluation of the prevalence of trachoma in primary school children in Kaohsiung City]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1995; 11:322-9. [PMID: 7629917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For years, trachoma screening has been a routine part of the health examination program for all primary school children. In order to ascertain the current prevalence of trachoma in primary school children, we used clinical examination, immunofluorescein-monoclonal antibody and McCoy cell culture technique to examine 771 children from 5 primary schools in Kaohsiung City. Using the results of the McCoy cell culture as a judgement standard, we found that 118 children (15.3%) had chlamydia trachomatis infections. The infection rates of children were statistically insignificant for sex, grade and location of school of children. Among the 118 infected children, most had none or mild (96.6%) conjunctival inflammation. Only 3 children (0.4%) had conjunctival cicatrization complications. These results showed that the repeated reinfections among these children were quite few. The McCoy cell culture was used to test the result of clinical diagnosis made by the senior ophthalmologists. The sensitivity of the clinical diagnosis was 50% and the predictive positive rate was 26.6%. It revealed that the diagnosis of trachoma made by clinical observation only was unreliable. The results of immunofluorescein-monoclonal antibody test showed that 120 children (15.6%) had trachomatous infections. Its sensitivity was 68.4%, and specificity was 91.7%. It revealed that more care should be taken in quality control of laboratory techniques. From these results, we conclude: 1) the trachomatous infections of primary school children in Kaohsiung City are not serious; the repeated infections among
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Affiliation(s)
- H Z Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin LS, Ro LH, Lo MS, Huang WL, Ma J, Chang TH, Shu CH, Chow KC, Liu WT, Chen KY. Expression of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase in Escherichia coli for use as antigen for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Med Virol 1995; 45:99-105. [PMID: 7714498 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890450118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded DNA polymerase (POL) was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of antibody to this POL protein in sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. By Western blot analysis, moderate to high concentration of IgG POL-specific antibodies were present in 43 of 48 NPC sera and only 4 of 48 healthy, seropositive controls. The POL-specific IgG antibodies appear as early as stage I of NPC, suggesting that the recombinant POL protein can be a useful diagnostic marker for early diagnosis of the disease. It was also found that human sera containing high titer of cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies or herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) antibodies did not cross-react with the recombinant EBV POL, despite the homology shared by DNA polymerase proteins of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lin
- Development Center for Biotechnology, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Republic of China
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42
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Neil GA, Summers RW, Cheyne BA, Carpenter C, Huang WL, Waldschmidt TJ. Analysis of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in inflammatory bowel diseases by three-color flow cytometry. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:1900-8. [PMID: 8082496 DOI: 10.1007/bf02088123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to better define changes in the relative proportion of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with inflammatory diseases of the bowel, we performed simultaneous three-color fluorescence-activated cytometric (FACS) analysis using fluorophore-conjugated monoclonal antibodies with specificity for CD4, CD8, Leu 8, and CD45RA on 22 normal control subjects, 28 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 15 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 11 patients with intestinal inflammation secondary to etiologies other than inflammatory bowel disease (NIBD). This staining combination allowed enumeration of distinct T-cell subpopulations as follows: virgin CD4+, recall antigen helper T cells, nonspecific B-cell helper T cell, virgin CD8+, cytotoxic effector and suppressor effector and recall antigen cytotoxic T cells based on a synthesis of published functional analyses. No differences in the proportion of CD4+ or CD8+ cells or in the CD4+/CD8+ ratios were evident when UC and NIBD patients were compared to normal subjects. A significant reduction in the proportion of CD4+ cells and an increase in CD8+ cells was observed, however, in the CD group. When two-color analysis was performed, several significant differences in the proportions of circulating lymphocytes were seen. Specifically, these included significant increases in the number of CD4+, Leu 8- (P < 0.01) cells in all disease groups and an increase in CD4+, CD45RA+ cells in the NIBD group. Conversely, significant decreases in the proportions of CD8+, Leu 8+ (P < 0.01) cells were evident in the Crohn's disease group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Neil
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
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Lin KH, Sheu MM, Wang HL, Huang WL, Chen CW, Yang CS. Study on some biological and antigenic characteristics of CA24v isolates in Taiwan in 1985-1989. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1994; 10:279-86. [PMID: 8057410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In order to understand the relationship between the CA24v isolates which caused two epidemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) in 1985-1986 and 1988-1989 in Taiwan, biological and antigenic characteristics were studied with four CA24v strains, L077/85, V116/86, 590/88 and 722/89, which were isolated during the epidemics. The prototype strain, EH24/70, was used for comparison. In terms of cross neutralization, kinetic neutralization, plaque assay and protein electrophoresis, no obvious differences were found between the isolates from the two epidemics though differences were found between these isolates and the prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
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King SL, Huang WL, Sheu JY, Chiang CD. [The effects of exercise on the arterial potassium and ventilatory response under hyperoxic, normoxic, and hypoxic conditions]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1994; 53:9-15. [PMID: 8055379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise leads to an increase in plasma potassium, the animal experiments showed that potassium infusion stimulated ventilation and abolished by peripheral chemodenervation and also showed that combined effects of potassium and hypoxia were greater than the sum of the individual effects. This study proposed to investigate plasma potassium and its correlation with exercise, and to investigate the effects of hypoxia and hyperoxia on potassium and ventilation during steady state exercise. METHODS Ten male subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer. Each performed (1) incremental exercise test; (2) steady state exercise test with a work rate of about 75% of anaerobic threshold under hyperoxic (FiO2 100%), normoxic (FiO2 21%) and hypoxic (FiO2 12%) conditions, respectively. RESULTS Arterial plasma potassium concentration rose from a pre-exercise level of 3.97 +/- 0.40 mEq/L to the post-exercise level of 5.11 +/- 0.49 mEq/L. The increase in plasma potassium during exercise correlated well with the increase in lactate (r = 0.72, p < 0.05) and the decrease in pH (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). During the steady state exercise test, switching the subject from room air to hypoxic (12% O2) conditions led to a significant rise in both plasma potassium (p < 0.05) and ventilation (p < 0.05) with good correlation between the potassium increase and the increase in ventilation (r = 0.85, p < 0.05). Switching the subject from room air to hyperoxic (100% O2) condition resulted in a significant decrease in ventilation (p < 0.05) without significant change in plasma potassium (p > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that (1) exercise can lead to an increase in arterial potassium, hydrogen ion, lactate in men; (2) hypoxia can stimulate the peripheral chemoreceptor and increase plasma potassium level. Potassium may, therefore, be an important factor by which the magnitude of the peripheral chemoreflex response is augmented during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L King
- Division of Chest Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, R.O.C
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45
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Gleason PE, Jones JA, Regan JS, Salvas DB, Eble JN, Lamph WW, Vlahos CJ, Huang WL, Falcone JF, Hirsch KS. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), androgens and inflammation: possible etiologic factors in the development of prostatic hyperplasia. J Urol 1993; 149:1586-92. [PMID: 7684794 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)36457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is characterized by varying degrees of epithelial and stromal hyperplasia in association with inflammation. Although androgens are known to be important for the growth and function of the prostate, their role in the development of BPH is unclear. The release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in response to inflammation suggests that PDGF may participate in the development of BPH. Cultured prostate cells derived from patients with BPH were examined for the presence of functional PDGF and androgen receptors. The cells expressed PDGF receptors and responded to PDGF stimulation by the activation of the PDGF signal transduction pathway and a dose-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation. Even though the cells expressed androgen receptors, dihydrotestosterone failed to elicit a mitogenic response. While the role of androgens in BPH remains unclear, these results suggest that inflammation and, specifically, PDGF may be important etiologic factors in the development of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Gleason
- Department of Urology, Indiana University Medical Center, Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis
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46
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Lin KH, Wang HL, Sheu MM, Huang WL, Chen CW, Yang CS, Takeda N, Kato N, Miyamura K, Yamazaki S. Molecular epidemiology of a variant of coxsackievirus A24 in Taiwan: two epidemics caused by phylogenetically distinct viruses from 1985 to 1989. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:1160-6. [PMID: 8388888 PMCID: PMC262896 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.31.5.1160-1166.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to know the phylogenetic relationship and the route of transmission of a variant of coxsackievirus A24 (CA24v), an agent that caused four sequential outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis from 1985 to 1989 in Taiwan, the nucleotide sequence variations in the virus-encoded proteinase 3C region (549 nucleotides) were studied with 19 isolates. The prototype strain (EH24/70), four isolates from Japan, and two isolates from Hong Kong were used for comparison. The nucleotide sequences of the Taiwan strains from the 1985-1986 and 1988-1989 epidemics were closely related within each epidemic, while they were more distantly related between strains from two epidemics. Phylogenetic analysis by the unweighted pairwise grouping method of the arithmetic average revealed that the 19 Taiwan isolates had diverged into two groups, 1985-1986 and 1988-1989 groups. The time at which these two groups diverged was estimated to be around May 1982, more than 3 years prior to the first appearance of the CA24v epidemic in Taiwan. On each occasion, the viruses caused a 2-year epidemic and then disappeared. The Taiwan isolates from 1985 to 1986 were closely related to the Japan isolates from 1985 to 1986 and the Taiwan isolates from 1988 to 1989 were phylogenetically close to the 1989 Japan isolates, indicating that Taiwan and Japan had two common-source outbreaks. However, none of the 1988 Taiwan isolates were phylogenetically close to the 1988 Japan or Hong Kong isolates. The evidence revealed that Taiwan has had two repeated but discontinuous introductions of CA24v since its first appearance in Taiwan in 1985. None of the other CA24v strains have been detected so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Huang WL, King SL, Wang KL, Chiang CD. [Blood lactate changes during incremental exercise in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1992; 50:463-8. [PMID: 1338022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to evaluate whether the lactic acidosis is developed during incremental exercise test in COPD. 12 untrained subjects with COPD performed incremental maximal cycle ergometer tests. Ventilation (VE); O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2); and end-tidal CO2 fraction (FETCO2) were measured. Arterial lactate concentration and blood gas analysis were measured at rest, maximal exercise and recovery of exercise from an indwelling arterial catheter. of the degree of airway obstruction. (2) T40 and BEecf correlated well with lactate change (r = 0.83; 0.84, P < 0.05). (3) The change of VE, and RQ correlated with the lactate change (r = 0.81; 0.83, 0.72, P < 0.05), but not the VE/VO2, VE/VCO2, nor FETCO2, (r = 0.24; 0.06; 0.46, P > 0.05). We concluded that the blood lactate increased markedly in patients of COPD during increment exercise, and it was well corrected with the change of VE, VCO2 and RQ. The increased lactate could be indicated by the concomitant change of T40 and BEecf.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taiwan Provincial Feng-Yuan Hospital
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Abstract
The interaction of the berbamine compound E6 and calmodulin (CaM)-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) has been studied. The experimental results showed that the inhibition of MLCK activity was increased with increasing amounts of E6 and was overcome completely by the addition of excessive CaM. The stimulatory activity of MLCK induced by CaM was gradually inhibited by the increasing concentrations of compound E6, showing that the inhibition of MLCK activity by compound E6 was concentration dependent; and the Ki was 0.95 microM. Compound E6 diminished the fluorescence intensity of dansyl-labeled CaM and the intensity was increased gradually by the addition of different amounts of CaM. Compound E6 had no effect on the activity of MLCK fragments produced by limited trypsinization, and it is a novel and considerably potent calmodulin antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Hu
- Division of Biochemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Coscia
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Methodist Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
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50
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Abstract
Mutagenesis of promoter sequences and oligonucleotide competition assays have been used to demonstrate the late-phase-specific stimulation of the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter is mediated by functionally redundant elements located between positions +75 and +125. These octamer motif-related sequences are recognized by multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey 08544-1014
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