1
|
Hirao A, Hojo Y, Murakami G, Ito R, Hashizume M, Murakoshi T, Uozumi N. Effects of systemic inflammation on the network oscillation in the anterior cingulate cortex and cognitive behavior. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302470. [PMID: 38701101 PMCID: PMC11068183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Network oscillation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in attention, novelty detection and anxiety; however, its involvement in cognitive impairment caused by acute systemic inflammation is unclear. To investigate the acute effects of systemic inflammation on ACC network oscillation and cognitive function, we analyzed cytokine level and cognitive performance as well as network oscillation in the mouse ACC Cg1 region, within 4 hours after lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 μg/kg) administration. While the interleukin-6 concentration in the serum was evidently higher in LPS-treated mice, the increases in the cerebral cortex interleukin-6 did not reach statistical significance. The power of kainic acid (KA)-induced network oscillation in the ACC Cg1 region slice preparation increased in LPS-treated mice. Notably, histamine, which was added in vitro, increased the oscillation power in the brain slices from LPS-untreated mice; for the LPS-treated mice, however, the effect of histamine was suppressive. In the open field test, frequency of entries into the center area showed a negative correlation with the power of network oscillation (0.3 μM of KA, theta band (3-8 Hz); 3.0 μM of KA, high-gamma band (50-80 Hz)). These results suggest that LPS-induced systemic inflammation results in increased network oscillation and a drastic change in histamine sensitivity in the ACC, accompanied by the robust production of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines in the periphery, and that these alterations in the network oscillation and animal behavior as an acute phase reaction relate with each other. We suggest that our experimental setting has a distinct advantage in obtaining mechanistic insights into inflammatory cognitive impairment through comprehensive analyses of hormonal molecules and neuronal functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Hirao
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Rina Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miki Hashizume
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Naonori Uozumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hashizume M, Ito R, Suge R, Hojo Y, Murakami G, Murakoshi T. Correlation Between Cued Fear Memory Retrieval and Oscillatory Network Inhibition in the Amygdala Is Disrupted by Acute REM Sleep Deprivation. Neuroscience 2024; 536:12-20. [PMID: 37944580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The basolateral amygdaloid complex (BLA) is critically involved in emotional behaviors, such as aversive memory formation. In particular, fear memory after cued fear conditioning is strongly associated with the BLA, whereas both the BLA and hippocampus are essential for contextual fear memory formation. In the present study, we examined the effects of acute (3 h) sleep deprivation (SD) on BLA-associated fear memory in juvenile (P24-32) rats and performed in vitro electrophysiology using whole-cell patch clamping from the basolateral nucleus (BA) of the BLA. BA projection neurons exhibit the network oscillation, i.e., spontaneous oscillatory bursts of inhibitory transmission at 0.1-3 Hz, as previously reported. In the present study, SD either before or after fear conditioning (FC) disturbed the acquisition of tone-associated fear memory without significant effects on contextual fear memory. FC reduced the power of the oscillatory activity, but SD did not further reduce the oscillation power. Oscillation power was correlated with tone-associated freezing rate (FR) in SD-free fear-conditioned rats, but this relation was disrupted in SD treated group. Rhythm index (RI), the rhythmicity of the oscillation, quantified by autocorrelation analysis, also correlated with tone-associated FR in the combined data, including FC alone and FC with SD. These results suggest that slow network oscillation in the amygdala contributes to the formation of amygdala-dependent fear memory in relation to sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Hashizume
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Rina Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Rie Suge
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akasaka R, Furukawa A, Hayashi Y, Hitomi S, Koyama R, Oshima E, Tamura M, Yonemoto M, Hojo Y, Takahashi R, Shibuta I, Iwata K, Yonehara Y, Shinoda M. PAR2-dependent phosphorylation of TRPV4 at the trigeminal nerve terminals contributes to tongue cancer pain. J Oral Biosci 2023; 65:356-364. [PMID: 37838226 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the interactions between the tongue and primary afferent fibers in tongue cancer pain. METHODS A pharmacological analysis was conducted to evaluate mechanical hypersensitivity of the tongues of rats with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Changes in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons projecting to the tongue were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. RESULTS SCC inoculation of the tongue caused persistent mechanical sensitization and tumor formation. Trypsin expression was significantly upregulated in cancer lesions. Continuous trypsin inhibition or protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) antagonism in the tongue significantly inhibited SCC-induced mechanical sensitization. No changes were observed in PAR2 and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) levels in the TG or the number of PAR2-and TRPV4-expressing TG neurons after SCC inoculation. In contrast, the relative amount of phosphorylated TRPV4 in the TG was significantly increased after SCC inoculation and abrogated by PAR2 antagonism in the tongue. TRPV4 antagonism in the tongue significantly ameliorated the mechanical sensitization caused by SCC inoculation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that tumor-derived trypsin sensitizes primary afferent fibers by PAR2 stimulation and subsequent TRPV4 phosphorylation, resulting in severe tongue pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Akasaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akihiko Furukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ryo Koyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Eri Oshima
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Miki Tamura
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yonemoto
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yonehara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soma K, Hitomi S, Hayashi Y, Soma C, Otsuji J, Shibuta I, Furukawa A, Urata K, Kurisu R, Yonemoto M, Hojo Y, Shirakawa T, Iwata K, Shinoda M. Neonatal injury modulates incisional pain sensitivity in adulthood: An animal study. Neuroscience 2023; 519:60-72. [PMID: 36958596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal pain experiences including traumatic injury influences negatively on development of nociceptive circuit developments, resulting in persistent pain hypersensitivity in adults. However, the detailed mechanism is not yet well understood. In the present study, to clarify the pathogenesis of orofacial pain hypersensitivity associated with neonatal injury, the involvement of the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) 1.8 and the C-C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) signaling in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in facial skin incisional pain hypersensitivity was examined in 190 neonatal facial-injured and sham male rats. The whisker pad skin was incised on postnatal day 4 and week 7 (Incision-Incision group). Compared to the group without neonatal incision (Sham-Incision group), mechanical hypersensitivity in the whisker pad skin was enhanced in Incision-Incision group. The number of Nav1.8-immunoreactive TG neurons and the amount of CCL2 expressed in the macrophages and satellite glial cells in the TG were increased on day 14 after re-incision in the Incision-Incision group, compared with Sham-Incision group. Blockages of Nav1.8 in the incised region and CCR2 in the TG suppressed the enhancement of mechanical hypersensitivity in the Incision-Incision group. Administration of CCL2 into the TG enhanced mechanical hypersensitivity in the Sham-Sham, Incision-Sham and Sham-Incision group. Our results suggest that neonatal facial injury accelerates the TG neuronal hyperexcitability following orofacial skin injury in adult in association with Nav1.8 overexpression via CCL2 signaling, resulting in the enhancement of orofacial incisional pain hypersensitivity in the adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Soma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan.
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Chihiro Soma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Jo Otsuji
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Akihiko Furukawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Kentaro Urata
- Department of Complete Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kurisu
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan; Department of Orofacial Pain Clinic, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yonemoto
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shirakawa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kandasurugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Asano S, Okada-Ogawa A, Kobayashi M, Yonemoto M, Hojo Y, Shibuta I, Noma N, Iwata K, Hitomi S, Shinoda M. Involvement of interferon gamma signaling in spinal trigeminal caudal subnucleus astrocyte in orofacial neuropathic pain in rats with infraorbital nerve injury. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069231222403. [PMID: 38073236 DOI: 10.1177/17448069231222403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Trigeminal nerve injury causes orofacial pain that can interfere with activities of daily life. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown, and the appropriate treatment has not been established yet. This study aimed to examine the involvement of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) signaling in the spinal trigeminal caudal subnucleus (Vc) in orofacial neuropathic pain. Methods: Infraorbital nerve (ION) injury (IONI) was performed in rats by partial ION ligation. The head-withdrawal reflex threshold (HWT) to mechanical stimulation of the whisker pad skin was measured in IONI or sham rats, as well as following a continuous intracisterna magna administration of IFN-γ and a mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate (inhibitor of astrocytes activation) in naïve rats, or an IFN-γ antagonist in IONI rats. The IFN-γ receptor immunohistochemistry and IFN-γ Western blotting were analyzed in the Vc after IONI or sham treatment. The glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were also analyzed after administration of IFN-γ and the mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate. Moreover, the change in single neuronal activity in the Vc was examined in the IONI, sham, and IONI group administered IFN-γ antagonist. Results: The HWT decreased after IONI. The IFN-γ and IFN-γ receptor were upregulated after IONI, and the IFN-γ receptor was expressed in Vc astrocytes. IFN-γ administration decreased the HWT, whereas the mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate recovered the decrement of HWT. IFN-γ administration upregulated GFAP expression, while the mixture of IFN-γ and fluorocitrate recovered the upregulation of GFAP expression. IONI significantly enhanced the neuronal activity of the mechanical-evoked responses, and administration of an IFN-γ antagonist significantly inhibited these enhancements. Conclusions: IFN-γ signaling through the receptor in astrocytes is a key mechanism underlying orofacial neuropathic pain associated with trigeminal nerve injury. These findings will aid in the development of therapeutics for orofacial neuropathic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Asano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Okada-Ogawa
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Orofacial Pain Clinic, Nihon University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momoyo Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Yonemoto
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Shibuta
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Noma
- Department of Oral Medicine, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Orofacial Pain Clinic, Nihon University Dental Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suzuro Hitomi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Shinoda
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ni SC, Thomas C, Yonezawa Y, Hojo Y, Nakamura T, Kobayashi K, Sato H, Da Silva JD, Kobayashi T, Ishikawa-Nagai S. Comprehensive Assessment of the Universal Healthcare System in Dentistry Japan: A Retrospective Observational Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112173. [PMID: 36360513 PMCID: PMC9690692 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Japan’s universal healthcare insurance is facing economic challenges due to the advanced aging society, however, objective data of dental expenditure has never been introduced. This study aimed to identify the associated factors with dental expenditures using government-provided digitized insurance claims data and calculated the spending in the context of dental cost per person (DCPP). Seven associated factors analyzed were age, demographic, geographic, socioeconomic, regional wealth, the impact of the 8020-national campaign implementation (keep 20 teeth at age 80), and the effect of the home-visit dentistry for the elders. The average DCPP was high in older populations (75+) in all prefectures. The prefectures with the highest and lowest DCPP were significant compared to other states and retained their respective places in the cost hierarchy over the four years. The prefectures with more citizens participating in government assistance programs (GAP) had greater DCPPs. Dental costs were significantly related to geographic regions, age, per capita income, government assistance program prevalence, office complete denture frequency, and home visit care per patient. With a growing aging population, dental care costs will continue to increase, burdening its fiscal future. Associated factors identified should be considered to control the contentious increase of healthcare cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shy Chwen Ni
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Yu Yonezawa
- School of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takehiko Nakamura
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kenichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John D. Da Silva
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- School of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Shigemi Ishikawa-Nagai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- School of Dental Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-781-698-9688
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ho K, Bahammam S, Chen CY, Hojo Y, Kim D, Hisatomo Kondo, Da Silva J, Nagai S. A cross-sectional survey of patient’s perception and knowledge of dental implants in Japan. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:14. [PMID: 35368208 PMCID: PMC8977257 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00410-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study aimed to collect data regarding patient perception and knowledge of dental implants. It was conducted with the hope that the data would provide dental professionals and policymakers with a better understanding of ways to promote implant therapy.
Methods
An anonymous online survey with 10 questions was distributed through 12 dental offices in Tokyo and provincial cities in Japan to assess patient perception and knowledge of dental implants. Harvard Medical School’s IRB approved this study.
Results
We collected data from 1172 patients (59% female, 41% male). The most common perceptions of implant therapy were that it was “expensive,” “advanced,” and “scary”. Patients’ implant knowledge came primarily from magazines or books, while professional dental societies/associations were the least sought out source of information. Patients believed that the purpose of dental implants was to avoid dentures and improve chewing function. Their primary concerns about dental implants were the cost and longevity. Approximately 12% of patients with dental implants and 61% of patients without implants did not know that bone grafts may be required and that sedation during surgery was an option. For patients who experienced sedation during the procedure, 60% of them want it for future surgeries. Patients also had limited knowledge of bone-graft materials and the effects of CBCT radiation; 75% of the patients expressed concerns over the safety of graft materials and radiation exposure. For patients with a history of dental implant therapy, 80% of them would recommend dental implants to their family and friends.
Conclusions
Overall, patients’ experiences with dental implant therapy were positive, but there was a lack of patient education regarding dental implants and their associated procedures. Dental professionals need to take the initiative to improve patient education.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawato S, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Soma M, Yoshino H, Kominami T, Saito M, Aou S, Hojo Y. Perinatal Exposure of Bisphenol A Differently Affects Dendritic Spines of Male and Female Grown-Up Adult Hippocampal Neurons. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:712261. [PMID: 34616273 PMCID: PMC8488347 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.712261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) at a very low dose may modulate the development of synapses of the hippocampus during growth to adulthood. Here, we demonstrate that perinatal exposure to 30 μg BPA/kg per mother’s body weight/day significantly altered the dendritic spines of the grownup rat hippocampus. The density of the spine was analyzed by imaging of Lucifer Yellow-injected CA1 glutamatergic neurons in adult hippocampal slices. In offspring 3-month male hippocampus, the total spine density was significantly decreased by BPA exposure from 2.26 spines/μm (control, no BPA exposure) to 1.96 spines/μm (BPA exposure). BPA exposure considerably changed the normal 4-day estrous cycle of offspring 3-month females, resulting in a 4∼5 day estrous cycle with 2-day estrus stages in most of the subjects. In the offspring 3-month female hippocampus, the total spine density was significantly increased by BPA exposure at estrus stage from 2.04 spines/μm (control) to 2.25 spines/μm (BPA exposure). On the other hand, the total spine density at the proestrus stage was moderately decreased from 2.33 spines/μm (control) to 2.19 spines/μm (BPA exposure). Thus, after the perinatal exposure to BPA, the total spine density in males became lower than that in females. Concerning the BPA effect on the morphology of spines, the large-head spine was significantly changed with its significant decrease in males and moderate change in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioinformatics Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ogiue-Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Soma
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hinako Yoshino
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kominami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Saito
- Department of Biosciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Aou
- Department of Biological Functions and Engineering, Graduate School of Life Sciences and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Wakamatsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Bioinformatics Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hashizume M, Ito R, Hojo Y, Yanagawa Y, Murakoshi T. Acute Sleep Deprivation Reduces Oscillatory Network Inhibition in the Young Rat Basolateral Amygdala. Neuroscience 2019; 401:73-83. [PMID: 30654002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala is concerned with the emotional memory consolidation, and is known as a stress-vulnerable region of the brain. Slow network oscillation is considered to play roles in memory consolidation during sleep. We investigated the relationship between the sleep and oscillation in the basolateral nucleus (BL) of the amygdala, in which burst firing is preferentially observed during sleep and the slow inhibitory oscillation is recorded from projection neuron. We examined whether sleep deprivation (SD) alters the properties of the network inhibition by whole-cell recordings from BL projection neurons and interneurons of the slice preparation of the juvenile rats. The level of the oscillatory network inhibition, measured as summed power of the spectral density between 0.1 and 3 Hz of the synaptic currents in the projection neurons, was significantly attenuated by acute (3 h) SD in older (P20-24) but not in younger (P15-19) animals. This reduction was mainly derived from the reduced peak amplitude of periodic IPSC bursts. In inhibitory interneurons in BL, spontaneous firings were reduced in older SD rats. The spike threshold of interneurons was increased and the power of the periodic excitatory transmission was reduced in the SD rats. Moreover, a reduction in input resistance in projection neurons was observed in SD rats without significant difference in the excitability which was measured by the spike number induced by depolarizing currents. These results suggest that SD stress affects the network oscillatory property accompanied by changes of individual neuronal excitability and synaptic communications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Hashizume
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 350-0495, Morohongo 38, Moroyama Machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Rina Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 350-0495, Morohongo 38, Moroyama Machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 350-0495, Morohongo 38, Moroyama Machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 371-8511 Maebashi City, Gunma Prefecture, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 350-0495, Morohongo 38, Moroyama Machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama Prefecture, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kitamura A, Hojo Y, Ikeda M, Karakawa S, Kuwahara T, Kim J, Soma M, Kawato S, Tsurugizawa T. Ingested d-Aspartate Facilitates the Functional Connectivity and Modifies Dendritic Spine Morphology in Rat Hippocampus. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:2499-2508. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Kitamura
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho 1-1, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Muneki Ikeda
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachise Karakawa
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho 1-1, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kuwahara
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho 1-1, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Jonghyuk Kim
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Soma
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Kaga 2-11-1, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murakami G, Hojo Y, Kato A, Komatsuzaki Y, Horie S, Soma M, Kim J, Kawato S. Rapid nongenomic modulation by neurosteroids of dendritic spines in the hippocampus: Androgen, oestrogen and corticosteroid. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30. [PMID: 29194818 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Memories are stored in synapses that consist of axon terminals and dendritic spines. Dendritic spines are postsynaptic structures of synapses and are essential for synaptic plasticity and cognition. Therefore, extensive investigations concerning the functions and structures of spines have been performed. Sex steroids and stress steroids have been shown to modulate hippocampal synapses. Although the rapid modulatory action of sex steroids on synapses has been studied in hippocampal neurones over several decades, the essential molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, a description of kinase-dependent signalling mechanisms is provided that can explain the rapid nongenomic modulation of dendritic spinogenesis in rat and mouse hippocampal slices by the application of sex steroids, including dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone. We also indicate the role of synaptic (classic) sex steroid receptors that trigger these rapid synaptic modulations. Moreover, we describe rapid nongenomic spine modulation by applying corticosterone, which is an acute stress model of the hippocampus. The explanations for the results obtained are mainly based on the optical imaging of dendritic spines. Comparisons are also performed with results obtained from other types of imaging, including electron microscopic imaging. Relationships between spine modulation and modulation of cognition are discussed. We recognise that most of rapid effects of exogenously applied oestrogen and androgen were observed in steroid-depleted conditions, including acute slices of the hippocampus, castrated male animals and ovariectomised female animals. Therefore, the previously observed effects can be considered as a type of recovery event, which may be essentially similar to hormone replacement therapy under hormone-decreased conditions. On the other hand, in gonadally intact young animals with high levels of endogenous sex hormones, further supplementation of sex hormones might not be effective, whereas the infusion of blockers for steroid receptors or kinases may be effective, with respect to suppressing sex hormone functions, thus providing useful information regarding molecular mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Murakami
- Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Y Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - A Kato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Komatsuzaki
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Horie
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Soma
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Kim
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hojo Y, Kawato S. Neurosteroids in Adult Hippocampus of Male and Female Rodents: Biosynthesis and Actions of Sex Steroids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:183. [PMID: 29740398 PMCID: PMC5925962 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is not only the target of steroid hormones but also is able to locally synthesize steroids de novo. Evidence of the local production of steroids in the brain has been accumulating in various vertebrates, including teleost fish, amphibia, birds, rodents, non-human primates, and humans. In this review, we mainly focus on the local production of sex steroids in the hippocampal neurons of adult rodents (rats and mice), a center for learning and memory. From the data of the hippocampus of adult male rats, hippocampal principal neurons [pyramidal cells in CA1-CA3 and granule cells in dentate gyrus (DG)] have a complete system for biosynthesis of sex steroids. Liquid chromatography with tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enabled us to accurately determine the levels of hippocampal sex steroids including 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which are much higher than those in blood. Next, we review the steroid synthesis in the hippocampus of female rats, since previous knowledge had been biased toward the data from males. Recently, we clarified that the levels of hippocampal steroids fluctuate in adult female rats across the estrous cycle. Accurate determination of hippocampal steroids at each stage of the estrous cycle is of importance for providing the account for the fluctuation of female hippocampal functions, including spine density, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), and learning and memory. These functional fluctuations in female had been attributed to the level of circulation-derived steroids. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the dendritic spine density in CA1 of adult female hippocampus correlates with the levels of hippocampal progesterone and 17β-E2. Finally, we introduce the direct evidence of the role of hippocampus-synthesized steroids in hippocampal function including neurogenesis, LTP, and memory consolidation. Mild exercise (2 week of treadmill running) elevated synthesis of DHT in the hippocampus, but not in the testis, of male rats, resulting in enhancement of neurogenesis in DG. Concerning synaptic plasticity, hippocampus-synthesized E2 is required for LTP induction, whereas hippocampus-synthesized DHT is required for LTD induction. Furthermore, hippocampus-synthesized E2 is involved in memory consolidation tested by object recognition and object placement tasks, both of which are hippocampus-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yasushi Hojo,
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kotani N, Nakano T, Ida Y, Ito R, Hashizume M, Yamaguchi A, Seo M, Araki T, Hojo Y, Honke K, Murakoshi T. Analysis of lipid raft molecules in the living brain slices. Neurochem Int 2017; 119:140-150. [PMID: 28844489 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal plasma membrane has been thought to retain a lot of lipid raft components which play important roles in the neural function. Although the biochemical analyses of lipid raft using brain tissues have been extensively carried out in the past 20 years, many of their experimental conditions do not coincide with those of standard neuroscience researches such as neurophysiology and neuropharmacology. Hence, the physiological methods for lipid raft analysis that can be compatible with general neuroscience have been required. Herein, we developed a system to physiologically analyze ganglioside GM1-enriched lipid rafts in brain tissues using the "Enzyme-Mediated Activation of Radical Sources (EMARS)" method that we reported (Kotani N. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A 105, 7405-7409 (2008)). The EMARS method was applied to acute brain slices prepared from mouse brains in aCSF solution using the EMARS probe, HRP-conjugated cholera toxin subunit B, which recognizes ganglioside GM1. The membrane molecules present in the GM1-enriched lipid rafts were then labeled with fluorescein under the physiological condition. The fluorescein-tagged lipid raft molecules called "EMARS products" distributed differentially among various parts of the brain. On the other hand, appreciable differences were not detected among segments along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus. We further developed a device to label the lipid raft molecules in acute hippocampal slices under two different physiological conditions to detect dynamics of the lipid raft molecules during neural excitation. Using this device, several cell membrane molecules including Thy1, known as a lipid raft resident molecule in neurons, were confirmed by the EMARS method in living hippocampal slices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norihiro Kotani
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan.
| | - Takanari Nakano
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yui Ida
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Rina Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Miki Hashizume
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Arisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Makoto Seo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, 1 Sanzo, Gakuen-cho, Fukuyama, Hiroshima 729-0292, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Koichi Honke
- Department of Biochemistry, Kochi University Medical School, Kohasu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murakoshi
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ikeda M, Hojo Y, Komatsuzaki Y, Okamoto M, Kato A, Takeda T, Kawato S. Hippocampal spine changes across the sleep-wake cycle: corticosterone and kinases. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:M13-27. [PMID: 26034071 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The corticosterone (CORT) level changes along the circadian rhythm. Hippocampus is sensitive to CORT, since glucocorticoid receptors are highly expressed. In rat hippocampus fixed in a living state every 3 h, we found that the dendritic spine density of CA1 pyramidal neurons increased upon waking (within 3 h), as compared with the spine density in the sleep state. Particularly, the large-head spines increased. The observed change in the spine density may be due to the change in the hippocampal CORT level, since the CORT level at awake state (∼30 nM) in cerebrospinal fluid was higher than that at sleep state (∼3 nM), as observed from our earlier study. In adrenalectomized (ADX) rats, such a wake-induced increase of the spine density disappeared. S.c. administration of CORT into ADX rats rescued the decreased spine density. By using isolated hippocampal slices, we found that the application of 30 nM CORT increased the spine density within 1 h and that the spine increase was mediated via PKA, PKC, ERK MAPK, and LIMK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that the moderately rapid increase of the spine density on waking might mainly be caused by the CORT-driven kinase networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneki Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan
| | - Asami Kato
- Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan
| | - Taishi Takeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan Department of Biophysics and Life SciencesGraduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8902, JapanBioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology AgencyUniversity of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanLaboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and NeuroendocrinologyFaculty of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, JapanDepartment of UrologyGraduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8424, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hojo Y, Munetomo A, Mukai H, Ikeda M, Sato R, Hatanaka Y, Murakami G, Komatsuzaki Y, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Estradiol rapidly modulates spinogenesis in hippocampal dentate gyrus: Involvement of kinase networks. Horm Behav 2015; 74:149-56. [PMID: 26122288 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Estradiol and cognition". Estradiol (E2) is locally synthesized within the hippocampus and the gonads. Rapid modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by E2 is essential for synaptic regulation. The molecular mechanisms of modulation through the synaptic estrogen receptor (ER) and its downstream signaling, however, are largely unknown in the dentate gyrus (DG). We investigated the E2-induced modulation of dendritic spines in male adult rat hippocampal slices by imaging Lucifer Yellow-injected DG granule cells. Treatments with 1 nM E2 increased the density of spines by approximately 1.4-fold within 2h. Spine head diameter analysis showed that the density of middle-head spines (0.4-0.5 μm) was significantly increased. The E2-induced spine density increase was suppressed by blocking Erk MAPK, PKA, PKC and LIMK. These suppressive effects by kinase inhibitors are not non-specific ones because the GSK-3β antagonist did not inhibit E2-induced spine increase. The ER antagonist ICI 182,780 also blocked the E2-induced spine increase. Taken together, these results suggest that E2 rapidly increases the density of spines through kinase networks that are driven by synaptic ER.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Munetomo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneki Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Rei Sato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Japan; Department of Urology, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8431, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nakajima M, Morishita M, Yuguchi S, Saito K, Matsuo T, Yoshimura K, Ujikawa T, Otsuka S, Hojo Y, Ishihara K, Kochi Y, Harada K, Sakaguchi T, Yoshitaka H. Relationships between changes in the skeletal muscle mass index and number of days needed for independent gait after cardiac surgery. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
17
|
Munetomo A, Hojo Y, Higo S, Kato A, Yoshida K, Shirasawa T, Shimizu T, Barron A, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Aging-induced changes in sex-steroidogenic enzymes and sex-steroid receptors in the cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum. J Physiol Sci 2015; 65:253-63. [PMID: 25715777 PMCID: PMC10717965 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-015-0363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated age-induced changes in mRNA expression profiles of sex-steroidogenic enzymes and sex-steroid receptors in 3-, 12-, and 24-month-old male rat brain subregions [cerebral cortex (CC), hypothalamus (Hy) and cerebellum (CL)]. In many cases, the expression levels of mRNA decreased with age for androgen synthesis enzyme systems, including Cyp17a1, Hsd17b and Srd5a in the CC and CL, but not in the Hy. Estradiol synthase Cyp19a1 did not show age-induced decline in the Hy, and nearly no expression of Cyp19a1 was observed in the CC and CL over 3-24 m. Androgen receptor Ar increased in the Hy but decreased in the CC with age. Estrogen receptor Esr1 increased in the CC and Hy, and did not change in the CL with age. Esr2 did not change in the CC and Hy, but decreased in the CL with age. As a comparison, age-induced changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA were also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Munetomo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| | - Shimpei Higo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| | - Asami Kato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshida
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| | - Takuji Shirasawa
- Department of Aging Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Takahiko Shimizu
- Molecular Gerontogy, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
- Department of Advanced Aging Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, 260-8670 Japan
| | - Anna Barron
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Univ. Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 153 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hasegawa Y, Hojo Y, Kojima H, Ikeda M, Hotta K, Sato R, Ooishi Y, Yoshiya M, Chung BC, Yamazaki T, Kawato S. Estradiol rapidly modulates synaptic plasticity of hippocampal neurons: Involvement of kinase networks. Brain Res 2015; 1621:147-61. [PMID: 25595055 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) is locally synthesized within the hippocampus in addition to the gonads. Rapid modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by E2 is essential for synaptic regulation. Molecular mechanisms of modulation through synaptic estrogen receptor (ER) and its downstream signaling, however, have been still unknown. We investigated induction of LTP by the presence of E2 upon weak theta burst stimulation (weak-TBS) in CA1 region of adult male hippocampus. Since only weak-TBS did not induce full-LTP, weak-TBS was sub-threshold stimulation. We observed LTP induction by the presence of E2, after incubation of hippocampal slices with 10nM E2 for 30 min, upon weak-TBS. This E2-induced LTP was blocked by ICI, an ER antagonist. This E2-LTP induction was inhibited by blocking Erk MAPK, PKA, PKC, PI3K, NR2B and CaMKII, individually, suggesting that Erk MAPK, PKA, PKC, PI3K and CaMKII may be involved in downstream signaling for activation of NMDA receptors. Interestingly, dihydrotestosterone suppressed the E2-LTP. We also investigated rapid changes of dendritic spines (=postsynapses) in response to E2, using hippocampal slices from adult male rats. We found 1nM E2 increased the density of spines by approximately 1.3-fold within 2h by imaging Lucifer Yellow-injected CA1 pyramidal neurons. The E2-induced spine increase was blocked by ICI. The increase in spines was suppressed by blocking PI3K, Erk MAPK, p38 MAPK, PKA, PKC, LIMK, CaMKII or calcineurin, individually. On the other hand, blocking JNK did not inhibit the E2-induced spine increase. Taken together, these results suggest that E2 rapidly induced LTP and also increased the spine density through kinase networks that are driven by synaptic ER. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hasegawa
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Collaboration Project (Japan-Taiwan) of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hiroki Kojima
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Muneki Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hotta
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Rei Sato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooishi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yoshiya
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Bon-Chu Chung
- International Collaboration Project (Japan-Taiwan) of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takeshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Collaboration Project (Japan-Taiwan) of Japan Science and Technology Agency, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Project of Special Coordinate Funds for Promoting Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hatanaka Y, Hojo Y, Mukai H, Murakami G, Komatsuzaki Y, Kim J, Ikeda M, Hiragushi A, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Rapid increase of spines by dihydrotestosterone and testosterone in hippocampal neurons: Dependence on synaptic androgen receptor and kinase networks. Brain Res 2014; 1621:121-32. [PMID: 25511993 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity by locally synthesized androgen is important in addition to circulating androgen. Here, we investigated the rapid changes of dendritic spines in response to the elevation of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T), by using hippocampal slices from adult male rats, in order to clarify whether these signaling processes include synaptic/extranuclear androgen receptor (AR) and activation of kinases. We found that the application of 10nM DHT and 10nM T increased the total density of spines by approximately 1.3-fold within 2h, by imaging Lucifer Yellow-injected CA1 pyramidal neurons. Interestingly, DHT and T increased different head-sized spines. While DHT increased middle- and large-head spines, T increased small-head spines. Androgen-induced spinogenesis was suppressed by individually blocking Erk MAPK, PKA, PKC, p38 MAPK, LIMK or calcineurin. On the other hand, blocking CaMKII did not inhibit spinogenesis. Blocking PI3K altered the spine head diameter distribution, but did not change the total spine density. Blocking mRNA and protein synthesis did not suppress the enhancing effects induced by DHT or T. The enhanced spinogenesis by androgens was blocked by AR antagonist, which AR was localized postsynaptically. Taken together, these results imply that enhanced spinogenesis by DHT and T is mediated by synaptic/extranuclear AR which rapidly drives the kinase networks. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Jonghyuk Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Muneki Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Ayako Hiragushi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Murakami G, Hojo Y, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Mukai H, Chambon P, Nakajima K, Ooishi Y, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Estrogen receptor KO mice study on rapid modulation of spines and long-term depression in the hippocampus. Brain Res 2014; 1621:133-46. [PMID: 25498865 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rapid modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity through synaptic estrogen receptors is an essential topic. We analyzed estradiol-induced modulation of CA1 dendritic spines using adult male ERαKO and ERβKO mice. A 2h treatment of estradiol particularly increased the density of middle-head spines (diameter 0.3-0.4 µm) in wild type mouse hippocampal slices. The enhancement of spinogenesis was completely suppressed by MAP kinase inhibitor. Estradiol-induced increase in middle-head spines was observed in ERβKO mice (which express ERα), but not in ERαKO, indicating that ERα is necessary for the spinogenesis. Direct observation of the dynamic estradiol-induced enhancing effect on rapid spinogenesis was performed using time-lapse imaging of spines in hippocampal live slices from yellow fluorescent protein expressed mice. Both appearance and disappearance of spines occurred, and the number of newly appeared spines was significantly greater than that of disappeared spines, resulting in the net increase of the spine density within 2h. As another type of synaptic modulation, we observed that estradiol rapidly enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced long-term depression (LTD) in CA1 of the wild type mouse hippocampus. In contrast, estradiol did not enhance NMDA-LTD in ERαKO mice, indicating the involvement of ERα in the estrogen signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gen Murakami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Mari Ogiue-Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Project of Special Coordinate Funds for Promoting Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, Universite Louis Pasteur, Illkirch-Cedex, Communaute Urbaine de Strasbourg, France
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooishi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan; Project of Special Coordinate Funds for Promoting Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hasegawa Y, Mukai H, Asashima M, Hojo Y, Ikeda M, Komatsuzaki Y, Ooishi Y, Kawato S. Acute modulation of synaptic plasticity of pyramidal neurons by activin in adult hippocampus. Front Neural Circuits 2014; 8:56. [PMID: 24917791 PMCID: PMC4040441 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2014.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin A is known as a neuroprotective factor produced upon acute excitotoxic injury of the hippocampus (in pathological states). We attempt to reveal the role of activin as a neuromodulator in the adult male hippocampus under physiological conditions (in healthy states), which remains largely unknown. We showed endogenous/basal expression of activin in the hippocampal neurons. Localization of activin receptors in dendritic spines (=postsynapses) was demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. The incubation of hippocampal acute slices with activin A (10 ng/mL, 0.4 nM) for 2 h altered the density and morphology of spines in CA1 pyramidal neurons. The total spine density increased by 1.2-fold upon activin treatments. Activin selectively increased the density of large-head spines, without affecting middle-head and small-head spines. Blocking Erk/MAPK, PKA, or PKC prevented the activin-induced spinogenesis by reducing the density of large-head spines, independent of Smad-induced gene transcription which usually takes more than several hours. Incubation of acute slices with activin for 2 h induced the moderate early long-term potentiation (moderate LTP) upon weak theta burst stimuli. This moderate LTP induction was blocked by follistatin, MAPK inhibitor (PD98059) and inhibitor of NR2B subunit of NMDA receptors (Ro25-6981). It should be noted that the weak theta burst stimuli alone cannot induce moderate LTP. These results suggest that MAPK-induced phosphorylation of NMDA receptors (including NR2B) may play an important role for activin-induced moderate LTP. Taken together, the current results reveal interesting physiological roles of endogenous activin as a rapid synaptic modulator in the adult hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hasegawa
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project (BIRD), Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Technology, Meiji University Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project (BIRD), Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan
| | - Muneki Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooishi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project (BIRD), Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan ; National MEXT Project in Special Coordinate Funds for Promoting Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo Meguro, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jiang S, Liao L, Li Y, Wang X, Li H, Zhu X, Sahoo N, Gillin M, Hojo Y, Sun J, Chang J, Liao Z, Grosshans D, Frank S, Zhang X. SU-E-P-06: A Novel Hybrid Planning Approach to Allow More Patients Benefited by the Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4887944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
23
|
Yoshiya M, Komatsuzaki Y, Hojo Y, Ikeda M, Mukai H, Hatanaka Y, Murakami G, Kawata M, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Corticosterone rapidly increases thorns of CA3 neurons via synaptic/extranuclear glucocorticoid receptor in rat hippocampus. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:191. [PMID: 24348341 PMCID: PMC3841935 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of synapses under acute stress is attracting much attention. Exposure to acute stress induces corticosterone (CORT) secretion from the adrenal cortex, resulting in rapid increase of CORT levels in plasma and the hippocampus. We tried to test whether rapid CORT effects involve activation of essential kinases as non-genomic processes. We demonstrated rapid effects (~1 h) of CORT on the density of thorns, by imaging Lucifer Yellow-injected neurons in adult male rat hippocampal slices. Thorns of thorny excrescences of CA3 hippocampal neurons are post-synaptic regions whose presynaptic partners are mossy fiber terminals. The application of CORT at 100, 500, and 1000 nM induced a rapid increase in the density of thorns in the stratum lucidum of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Co-administration of RU486, an antagonist of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), abolished the effect of CORT. Blocking a single kinase, including MAPK, PKA, or PKC, suppressed CORT-induced enhancement of thorn-genesis. On the other hand, GSK-3β was not involved in the signaling of thorn-genesis. Blocking AMPA receptors suppressed the CORT effect. Expression of CA3 synaptic/extranuclear GR was demonstrated by immunogold electron microscopic analysis. From these results, stress levels of CORT (100-1000 nM) might drive the rapid thorn-genesis via synaptic/extranuclear GR and multiple kinase pathways, although a role of nuclear GRs cannot be completely excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Yoshiya
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneki Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawata
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Kamigyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan ; Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kato A, Hojo Y, Higo S, Komatsuzaki Y, Murakami G, Yoshino H, Uebayashi M, Kawato S. Female hippocampal estrogens have a significant correlation with cyclic fluctuation of hippocampal spines. Front Neural Circuits 2013; 7:149. [PMID: 24151456 PMCID: PMC3798982 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2013.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity of the female hippocampus may cyclically fluctuate across the estrous cycle. The spine density fluctuation had been explained by fluctuation of plasma estradiol (E2) and progesterone (PROG), with the assumption that these steroids penetrate into the hippocampus. Recently, however, we demonstrated that male hippocampal levels of sex steroids are much higher than those in plasma, suggesting a weak contribution of plasma steroids to the spine density. By combination of mass-spectrometric analysis with HPLC-purification and picolinoyl-derivatization of hippocampal sex steroids, we determined the accurate concentration of E2 and PROG at four stages of plasma estrous cycle including Proestrus (Pro), Estrus (Est), Diestrus 1 (D1), and Diestrus 2 (D2). Hippocampal levels of E2 and PROG showed cyclic fluctuation with a peak at Pro for E2 and at D1 for PROG, having a positive correlation with the plasma estrous cycle. All these sex steroid levels are much higher in the hippocampus than in plasma. Even after ovariectomy a significant levels of E2 and PROG were observed in the hippocampus. The total spine density showed higher values at Pro and D1, and lower values at Est and D2, having a good correlation with the peak levels of hippocampal E2 or PROG. We also examined fluctuation of the head diameter of spines. Interestingly, mRNA expression level of steroidogenic enzymes (P450arom and 17β-HSD, etc.) and sex-steroid receptors did not significantly change across the estrous cycle. Therefore, the fluctuation of total hippocampal PROG (equal to sum of hippocampus-synthesized PROG and plasma PROG) may be originated from the contribution of cyclic change in plasma PROG, which can induce the fluctuation of total hippocampal E2, since steroid conversion activity of hippocampus might be nearly the same across the estrus cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asami Kato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Barron A, Jayaraman A, Lee J, Hojo Y, Higuchi M, Pike C, Kawato S. O4–10–05: Ligand for translocator protein increases hippocampal expression of glial beta‐amyloid scavenger receptors and reduces beta‐amyloid in male mice and rats. Alzheimers Dement 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.04.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barron
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences Chiba Japan
| | - Anusha Jayaraman
- University of Southern California Los Angeles California United States
| | - Joo‐Won Lee
- University of Southern California Los Angeles California United States
| | | | | | - Christian Pike
- University of Southern California Los Angeles California United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hojo Y, Gillin M, Suzuki K, Wu R, Zhu X. SU-E-T-251: 3D Collision Viewer for Proton Therapy Treatment Planning. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
27
|
Suzuki K, Morita R, Hojo Y, Nomura K, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Immunohistochemical characterization of neuroendocrine differentiation of canine anal sac glandular tumours. J Comp Pathol 2013; 149:199-207. [PMID: 23582973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Histological features and expression of neuroendocrine markers were examined in 69 samples of canine anal sac glandular carcinomas (ASGCs). The tumours were classified into solid, rosette and tubular types and mixtures of these types. Tumour-associated death in dogs with solid tumours and mixed tumours with solid components was higher than in dogs with rosette and tubular type tumours. Chromogranin A immunoreactivity was observed in 28 of 69 samples (40.6%) irrespective of histological type and was localized to the marginal areas of the tumour nest and the basal areas of the tubular and rosette structures. Neuron-specific enolase immunoreactivity in neoplastic epithelial cells was observed in 32 cases (46.4%) and was less frequently observed in the tubular type (14.3%). Synaptophysin expression was present in 15.9% of cases and was least frequent in the tubular type. Twenty-one of the 69 samples expressed more than two neuroendocrine markers and were classified as carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. There was no relationship between neuroendocrine differentiation and clinical outcome. These results suggest that some ASGCs have neuroendocrine differentiation regardless of histological pattern, but clinical outcome is more related to the histological pattern than to neuroendocrine differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hasegawa Y, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Tanabe N, Kimoto T, Hojo Y, Yamazaki T, Kawato S. Bisphenol A significantly modulates long-term depression in the hippocampus as observed by multi-electrode system. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2013; 34:129-134. [PMID: 23645310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low dose exposure to endocrine disrupters (environmental chemicals) may induce hormone-like effects on wildlife and humans. bisphenol A (BPA) might disturb the neuronal signaling regulated by endogenous estrogens. We investigated the rapid modulation effects of 10nM BPA, a typical endocrine disruptor, on long-term depression (LTD) of adult rat hippocampal slices. METHOD LTD was induced by a transient perfusion of 30 µM NMDA for 3 min. And measured with multielectrode probes. RESULTS A 30 min perfusion of 10 nM BPA rapidly enhanced LTD in CA1, however, BPA suppressed LTD in dentate gyrus (DG). An ERRγ antagonist, 4-OH-tamoxifen, suppressed LTD in CA1 and DG. Inhibitor of estrogen receptor ICI 182,780 did not disturb BPA effects. On the other hand, tributyltin (TBT), another endocrine disruptor, did not have any effect on LTD in CA1 and DG. CONCLUSION ERRγ, but not estrogen receptors, is a high affinity BPA receptor in LTD processes, since the effect of BPA on LTD was suppressed by an ERRγ antagonist. A possible mechanisms of BPA-induced enhancement of LTD could be described with ERRγ, MAPK activation and phosphorylation of MMDA receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Hasegawa
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ooishi Y, Kawato S, Hojo Y, Hatanaka Y, Higo S, Murakami G, Komatsuzaki Y, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Kimoto T, Mukai H. Modulation of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus by hippocampus-derived estrogen and androgen. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 131:37-51. [PMID: 22075082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus synthesizes estrogen and androgen in addition to the circulating sex steroids. Synaptic modulation by hippocampus-derived estrogen or androgen is essential to maintain healthy memory processes. Rapid actions (1-2h) of 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) occur via synapse-localized receptors (ERα or ERβ), while slow genomic E2 actions (6-48h) occur via classical nuclear receptors (ERα or ERβ). The long-term potentiation (LTP), induced by strong tetanus or theta-burst stimulation, is not further enhanced by E2 perfusion in adult rats. Interestingly, E2 perfusion can rescue corticosterone (stress hormone)-induced suppression of LTP. The long-term depression is modulated rapidly by E2 perfusion. Elevation of the E2 concentration changes rapidly the density and head structure of spines in neurons. ERα, but not ERβ, drives this enhancement of spinogenesis. Kinase networks are involved downstream of ERα. Testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT) also rapidly modulates spinogenesis. Newly developed Spiso-3D mathematical analysis is used to distinguish these complex effects by sex steroids and kinases. It has been doubted that the level of hippocampus-derived estrogen and androgen may not be high enough to modulate synaptic plasticity. Determination of the accurate concentration of E2, T or DHT in the hippocampus is enabled by mass-spectrometric analysis in combination with new steroid-derivatization methods. The E2 level in the hippocampus is approximately 8nM for the male and 0.5-2nM for the female, which is much higher than that in circulation. The level of T and DHT is also higher than that in circulation. Taken together, hippocampus-derived E2, T, and DHT play a major role in modulation of synaptic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ooishi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tsuchiya T, Suzuki K, Hojo Y, Shiraki A, Imaoka M, Shibutani M, Mitsumori K. Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma of the maxillary region in a dog. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:42-5. [PMID: 21996034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A subcutaneous tumour was identified in the maxillary region of a 14-year-old mixed breed dog. This tumour had grown rapidly over 2 weeks. Microscopically, the tumour had ill-defined borders and was composed of bundles and whorls of atypical spindle cells accompanied by abundant collagen fibres. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and calponin and negative for S100 protein, von Willebrand factor, desmin and smoothelin. These results suggested that the neoplastic cells were derived from myofibroblasts and that the tumour was a low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuchiya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Komatsuzaki Y, Hatanaka Y, Murakami G, Mukai H, Hojo Y, Saito M, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Corticosterone induces rapid spinogenesis via synaptic glucocorticoid receptors and kinase networks in hippocampus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34124. [PMID: 22509272 PMCID: PMC3324490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Modulation of dendritic spines under acute stress is attracting much attention. Exposure to acute stress induces corticosterone (CORT) secretion from the adrenal cortex, resulting in rapid increase of CORT levels in plasma and the hippocampus. Methodology/Principal Findings Here we demonstrated the mechanisms of rapid effect (∼1 h) of CORT on the density and morphology of spines by imaging neurons in adult male rat hippocampal slices. The application of CORT at 100–1000 nM induced a rapid increase in the density of spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons. The density of small-head spines (0.2–0.4 µm) was increased even at low CORT levels (100–200 nM). The density of middle-head spines (0.4–0.5 µm) was increased at high CORT levels between 400–1000 nM. The density of large-head spines (0.5–1.0 µm) was increased only at 1000 nM CORT. Co-administration of RU486, an antagonist of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), abolished the effect of CORT. Blocking a single kinase, such as MAPK, PKA, PKC or PI3K, suppressed CORT-induced enhancement of spinogenesis. Blocking NMDA receptors suppressed the CORT effect. Conclusions/Significance These results imply that stress levels of CORT (100–1000 nM) drive the spinogenesis via synaptic GR and multiple kinase pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Saito
- Department of Correlative Study in Physics and Chemistry, Graduate School of Integrated Basic Sciences, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tanabe N, Yoshino H, Kimoto T, Hojo Y, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Shimohigashi Y, Kawato S. Nanomolar dose of bisphenol A rapidly modulates spinogenesis in adult hippocampal neurons. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 351:317-25. [PMID: 22281313 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated the rapid effects of 10nM bisphenol A (BPA) on the spinogenesis of adult rat hippocampal slices. The density of spines was analyzed by imaging Lucifer Yellow-injected CA1 neurons in slices. Not only the total spine density but also the head diameter distribution of spine was quantitatively analyzed. Spinogenesis was significantly enhanced by BPA within 2h. In particular, the density of middle-head spine (with head diameter of 0.4-0.5μm) was significantly increased. Hydroxytamoxifen, an antagonist of both estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) and estrogen receptors (ERα/ERβ), blocked the BPA-induced enhancement of the spine density. However, ICI 182,780, an antagonist of ERα/ERβ, did not suppress the BPA effects. Therefore, ERRγ is deduced to be a high affinity receptor of BPA, responsible for modulation of spinogenesis. The BPA-induced enhancement of spinogenesis was also suppressed by MAP kinase inhibitor, PD98059, and the blocker of NMDA receptors, MK-801. Washout of BPA for additional 2h after 2h BPA treatment abolished the BPA-induced enhancement of spinogenesis, suggesting that the BPA effect was reversible. ERRγ was localized at synapses as well as cell bodies of principal neurons. ERRγ at synapses may contribute to the observed rapid effect. The level of BPA in the hippocampal slices was determined by mass-spectrometric analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuaki Tanabe
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 3-8-1, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okamoto M, Hojo Y, Inoue K, Matsui T, Lee MC, Kawato S, Soya H. Mild exercise elicits de novo synthesis of hippocampal dihydrotestosterone and enhanced neurogenesis in adult male rats. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1142.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okamoto
- University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceChiyoda-kuJapan
| | | | | | - Takashi Matsui
- University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceChiyoda-kuJapan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Komatsuzaki Y, Hojo Y, Hatanaka Y, Murakami G, Mukai H, Kawato S. Corticosterone induced rapid spinogenesis via synaptic glucocorticoid receptor and kinases in rat hippocampus. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
35
|
Hojo Y, Higo S, Mukai H, Harada N, Yamazaki T, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Sex hormone synthesis and synaptocrinology in rat hippocampal synapses. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
36
|
Uebayashi M, Higo S, Hojo Y, Kominami T, Kawato S. Sex differences in the steroidogenic systems in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2011.07.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
37
|
Higo S, Hojo Y, Ishii H, Komatsuzaki Y, Ooishi Y, Murakami G, Mukai H, Yamazaki T, Nakahara D, Barron A, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Endogenous synthesis of corticosteroids in the hippocampus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21631. [PMID: 21829438 PMCID: PMC3145636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain synthesis of steroids including sex-steroids is attracting much attention. The endogenous synthesis of corticosteroids in the hippocampus, however, has been doubted because of the inability to detect deoxycorticosterone (DOC) synthase, cytochrome P450(c21). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The expression of P450(c21) was demonstrated using mRNA analysis and immmunogold electron microscopic analysis in the adult male rat hippocampus. DOC production from progesterone (PROG) was demonstrated by metabolism analysis of (3)H-steroids. All the enzymes required for corticosteroid synthesis including P450(c21), P450(2D4), P450(11β1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were localized in the hippocampal principal neurons as shown via in situ hybridization and immunoelectron microscopic analysis. Accurate corticosteroid concentrations in rat hippocampus were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In adrenalectomized rats, net hippocampus-synthesized corticosterone (CORT) and DOC were determined to 6.9 and 5.8 nM, respectively. Enhanced spinogenesis was observed in the hippocampus following application of low nanomolar (10 nM) doses of CORT for 1 h. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results imply the complete pathway of corticosteroid synthesis of 'pregnenolone →PROG→DOC→CORT' in the hippocampal neurons. Both P450(c21) and P450(2D4) can catalyze conversion of PROG to DOC. The low nanomolar level of CORT synthesized in hippocampal neurons may play a role in modulation of synaptic plasticity, in contrast to the stress effects by micromolar CORT from adrenal glands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Higo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishii
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physics, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooishi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiichiro Nakahara
- Department of Psychology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Anna Barron
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ooishi Y, Mukai H, Hojo Y, Murakami G, Hasegawa Y, Shindo T, Morrison JH, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Estradiol rapidly rescues synaptic transmission from corticosterone-induced suppression via synaptic/extranuclear steroid receptors in the hippocampus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 22:926-36. [PMID: 21725036 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated rapid protection effect by estradiol on corticosterone (CORT)-induced suppression of synaptic transmission. Rapid suppression by 1 μM CORT of long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA3-CA1 synapses was abolished via coperfusion of 1 nM estradiol. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-derived field excitatory postsynaptic potential (NMDA-R-fEPSP) was used to analyze the mechanisms of these events. Estradiol abolished CORT-induced suppression of NMDA-R-fEPSP slope. This CORT-induced suppression was abolished by calcineurin inhibitor, and the rescue effect by estradiol on the CORT-induced suppression was inhibited by mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor. The CORT-induced suppressions of LTP and NMDA-R-fEPSP slope were abolished by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist, and the restorative effects by estradiol on these processes were mimicked by estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ agonists. Taken together, estradiol rapidly rescued LTP and NMDA-R-fEPSP slope from CORT-induced suppressions. A GR→calcineurin pathway is involved in these suppressive effects. The rescue effects by estradiol are driven via ERα or ERβ→MAP kinase pathway. Synaptic/extranuclear GR, ERα, and ERβ probably participate in these rapid events. Mass-spectrometric analysis determined that acute hippocampal slices used for electrophysiological measurements contained 0.48 nM estradiol less than exogenously applied 1 nM. In vivo physiological level of 8 nM estradiol could protect the intact hippocampus against acute stress-induced neural suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Ooishi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mukai H, Hatanaka Y, Mitsuhashi K, Hojo Y, Komatsuzaki Y, Sato R, Murakami G, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Automated analysis of spines from confocal laser microscopy images: application to the discrimination of androgen and estrogen effects on spinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21:2704-11. [PMID: 21527787 PMCID: PMC3209797 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Accurate 3D determination of postsynaptic structures is essential to our understanding memory-related function and pathology in neurons. However, current methods of spine analysis require time-consuming and labor-intensive manual spine identification in large image data sets. Therefore, a realistic implementation of algorithm is necessary to replace manual identification. Here, we describe a new method for the automated detection of spines and dendrites based on analysis of geometrical features. Our “Spiso-3D” software carries out automated dendrite reconstruction and spine detection using both eigenvalue images and information of brightness, avoiding detection of pseudo-spines. To demonstrate the potential application of Spiso-3D automated analysis, we distinguished the rapid effects of androgen and estrogen on rapid modulation of spine head diameter in the hippocampus. These findings advance our understanding of neurotrophic function of brain sex steroids. Our method is expected to be valuable to analyze vast amounts of dendritic spines in neurons in the mammalian cerebral cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Munetsuna E, Hattori M, Sakimoto Y, Ishida A, Sakata S, Hojo Y, Kawato S, Yamazaki T. Environmental enrichment alters gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the rat hippocampus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 171:28-32. [PMID: 21172348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids are synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of environmental enrichment on neuroactive steroidogenesis in the rat hippocampus. Environmental enrichment rats were housed in a group of nine in a large cage and three groups of pair-housed rats were housed in a standard cage for 8 weeks. The levels of mRNAs for steroidogenic enzymes and proteins in hippocampus were quantified by real-time RT-PCR. Environmental enrichment increased the mRNA expression levels of 5α-reductase-1 and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which catalyze synthesis of allopregnanolone from progesterone. Hence, environmental enrichment appears to affect allopregnanolone synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Munetsuna
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Barron AM, Hojo Y, Mukai H, Higo S, Ooishi Y, Hatanaka Y, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Murakami G, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Regulation of synaptic plasticity by hippocampus synthesized estradiol. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2011; 7:361-75. [PMID: 25961274 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol is synthesized from cholesterol in hippocampal neurons of adult rats by cytochrome P450 and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzymes. These enzymes are expressed in the glutamatergic neurons of the hippocampus. Surprisingly, the concentration of estradiol and androgen in the hippocampus is significantly higher than that in circulation. Locally synthesized estradiol rapidly and potently modulates synaptic plasticity within the hippocampus. E2 rapidly potentiates long-term depression and induces spinogenesis through synaptic estrogen receptors and kinases. The rapid effects of estradiol are followed by slow genomic effects mediated by both estrogen receptors located at the synapse and nucleus, modulating long-term potentiation and promoting the formation of new functional synaptic contacts. Age-related changes in hippocampally derived estradiol synthesis and distribution of estrogen receptors may alter synaptic plasticity, and could potentially contribute to age-related cognitive decline. Understanding factors which regulate hippocampal estradiol synthesis could lead to the identification of alternatives to conventional hormone therapy to protect against age-related cognitive decline.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hojo Y, Higo S, Kawato S, Hatanaka Y, Ooishi Y, Murakami G, Ishii H, Komatsuzaki Y, Ogiue-Ikeda M, Mukai H, Kimoto T. Hippocampal synthesis of sex steroids and corticosteroids: essential for modulation of synaptic plasticity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:43. [PMID: 22701110 PMCID: PMC3356120 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroids play essential roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection in the hippocampus. Accumulating evidence shows that hippocampal neurons synthesize both estrogen and androgen. Recently, we also revealed the hippocampal synthesis of corticosteroids. The accurate concentrations of these hippocampus-synthesized steroids are determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry in combination with novel derivatization. The hippocampal levels of 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and corticosterone (CORT), are 5-15 nM, and these levels are sufficient to modulate synaptic plasticity. Hippocampal E2 modulates memory-related synaptic plasticity not only slowly/genomically but also rapidly/non-genomically. Slow actions of E2 occur via classical nuclear receptors (ERα or ERβ), while rapid E2 actions occur via synapse-localized or extranuclear ERα or ERβ. Nanomolar concentrations of E2 change rapidly the density and morphology of spines in hippocampal neurons. ERα, but not ERβ, drives this enhancement/suppression of spinogenesis in adult animals. Nanomolar concentrations of androgens (T and DHT) and CORT also increase the spine density. Kinase networks are involved downstream of ERα and androgen receptor. Newly developed Spiso-3D mathematical analysis is useful to distinguish these complex effects by sex steroids and kinases. Significant advance has been achieved in investigations of rapid modulation by E2 of the long-term depression or the long-term potentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hojo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Shimpei Higo
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Kawato
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Suguru Kawato, Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan. e-mail:
| | - Yusuke Hatanaka
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ooishi
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Murakami
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Ishii
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Komatsuzaki
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Ogiue-Ikeda
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Project of Special Coordinate Funds for Promoting Science and Technology, The University of TokyoJapan
| | - Hideo Mukai
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
- Bioinformatics Project of Japan Science and Technology Agency, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kimoto T, Ishii H, Higo S, Hojo Y, Kawato S. Semicomprehensive analysis of the postnatal age-related changes in the mRNA expression of sex steroidogenic enzymes and sex steroid receptors in the male rat hippocampus. Endocrinology 2010; 151:5795-806. [PMID: 21047951 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Although sex steroids play a crucial role in the postnatal brain development, the age-related changes in the hippocampal steroidogenesis remain largely unknown. We performed comprehensive investigations for the mRNA expressions of 26 sex steroidogenic enzymes/proteins and three sex steroid receptors in the male rat hippocampus, at the ages of postnatal day (PD) 1, PD4, PD7, PD10, PD14, 4 wk, and 12 wk (adult), by RT-PCR/Southern blotting analysis. The relative expression levels of these enzymes/receptors at PD1 were Srd5a1 > Star > Ar ∼ Hsd17b4 ∼ Hsd17b1 ∼ Hsd17b7 ∼ Esr1 ∼ Srd5a2 > Hsd17b3 > Esr2 > Cyp11a1 > Cyp17a1 > Cyp19a1 ∼ Hsd17b2 > 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase I. The mRNA levels of essential enzymes for progesterone/testosterone/estradiol metabolisms (Cyp17a1, Hsd17b7, and Cyp19a1) were approximately constant between PD1 and PD14 and then declined toward the adult levels. Cyp11a1 increased during PD4-PD14 and then considerably decreased toward the adult level (∼8% of PD1). Hsd17b1, Hsd17b2, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase I mRNA decreased approximately monotonously. Hsd17b3 increased to approximately 200% of PD1 during PD4-PD14 and was maintained at this high level. The 5α-reductase mRNA was maintained constant (Srd5a1) or decreased monotonically (Srd5a2) toward the adult level. The Esr1 level peaked at PD4 and decreased toward the adult level, whereas Ar greatly increased during PD1-PD14 and was maintained at this high level. The Star and Hsd17b4 levels were maintained constant from neonate to adult. These results suggest that the hippocampal sex steroidogenic properties are substantially altered during the postnatal development processes, which might contribute to brain sexual maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kimoto
- Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE St John's wort (SJW, Hypericum perforatum) is one of the most commonly used herbal antidepressants for treatment of mild to moderate depression. SJW enhances CYP3A4 activity and alters the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4 substrates. This study investigated the effect of SJW on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem in healthy subjects. METHODS A controlled, open-label, non-randomized, fixed-dose schedule design was used. Fourteen healthy male subjects received a single 10 mg oral dose of zolpidem followed by SJW administration (300 mg orally, three times a day) for 14 days; the last dose of SJW was coadministered with a single dose of zolpidem. Blood samples were obtained over a 24-h period after zolpidem administration. Pharmacokinetic data for zolpidem alone and in combination with SJW were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS After repeated administration of SJW, the mean values of AUC and C(max) for zolpidem significantly decreased (380.3 ± 181.4 vs. 265.4 ± 134.2 ng h/mL, P = 0.001; 83.1 ± 30.1 vs. 55.1 ± 24.8 ng/mL, P = 0.000 respectively) and the mean value of CL/F for zolpidem significantly increased (38.4 ± 31.5 vs. 56.9 ± 57.2 mL/min, P = 0.040). However, in three subjects, the AUC showed a small increase after SJW treatment. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The effect of SJW on the pharmacokinetics of zolpidem has not previously been reported. Repeated administration of SJW decreases the plasma concentration of zolpidem, probably by enhancing CYP3A4 activity. Given the wide inter-subject variability observed, for personalized medicine, advice on the use of the combination should be individualized, based on the circumstances of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Hojo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Bioregulatory Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mukai H, Kimoto T, Hojo Y, Kawato S, Murakami G, Higo S, Hatanaka Y, Ogiue-Ikeda M. Modulation of synaptic plasticity by brain estrogen in the hippocampus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:1030-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
46
|
Mukai H, Hojo Y, Hatanaka Y, Mitsuhashi K, Asashima M, Kawato S. Novel methods and its applications for analysis of spines in neurons. Neurosci Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
47
|
Hojo Y, Higo S, Mukai H, Harada N, Honma S, Kimoto T, Kawato S. Sex hormone synthesis and synaptocrinology in the hippocampal synapses of adult male rats. Neurosci Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
48
|
Higo S, Uebayashi M, Hojo Y, Kominami T, Kawato S. Sex differences in the steroidogenic systems in the rat hippocampus. Neurosci Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.1250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
49
|
Hojo Y, Higo S, Ishii H, Ooishi Y, Mukai H, Murakami G, Kominami T, Kimoto T, Honma S, Poirier D, Kawato S. Comparison between hippocampus-synthesized and circulation-derived sex steroids in the hippocampus. Endocrinology 2009; 150:5106-12. [PMID: 19589866 DOI: 10.1210/en.2009-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) and other sex steroids play essential roles in the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection in the hippocampus. To clarify the mechanisms for these events, it is important to determine the respective role of circulating vs. locally produced sex steroids in the male hippocampus. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in combination with novel derivatization was employed to determine the concentration of sex steroids in adult male rat hippocampus. The hippocampal levels of 17beta-E2, testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were 8.4, 16.9, and 6.6 nm, respectively, and these levels were significantly higher than circulating levels. The hippocampal estrone (E1) level was, in contrast, very low around 0.015 nm. After castration to deplete circulating high level T, hippocampal levels of T and DHT decreased considerably to 18 and 3%, respectively, whereas E2 level only slightly decreased to 83%. The strong reduction in hippocampal DHT resulting from castration implies that circulating T may be a main origin of DHT. In combination with results obtained from metabolism analysis of [(3)H]steroids, we suggest that male hippocampal E2 synthesis pathway may be androstenedione --> T --> E2 or dehydroepiandrosterone --> androstenediol --> T --> E2 but not androstenedione --> E1 --> E2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Hojo
- Professor, Department of Biophysics and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Munetsuna E, Hojo Y, Hattori M, Ishii H, Kawato S, Ishida A, Kominami SAJ, Yamazaki T. Retinoic acid stimulates 17beta-estradiol and testosterone synthesis in rat hippocampal slice cultures. Endocrinology 2009; 150:4260-9. [PMID: 19497980 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is essentially involved in learning and memory processes. Its functions are affected by various neuromodulators, including 17beta-estradiol, testosterone, and retinoid. Brain-synthesized steroid hormones act as autocrine and paracrine modulators. The regulatory mechanism underlying brain steroidogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Synthesis of sex steroids in the gonads is stimulated by retinoic acids. Therefore, we examined the effects of retinoic acids on estradiol and testosterone biosynthesis in the rat hippocampus. We used cultured hippocampal slices from 10- to 12-d-old male rats to investigate de novo steroidogenesis. The infant rat hippocampus possesses mRNAs for steroidogenic enzymes and retinoid receptors. Slices were used after 24 h of preculture to obtain maximal steroidogenic activity because steroidogenesis in cultured slices decreases with time. The mRNA levels for P450(17alpha), P450 aromatase and estrogen receptor-beta in the slices were increased by treatment with 9-cis-retinoic acid but not by all-trans-isomer. The magnitude of stimulation and the shape of the dose-response curve for the mRNA level for P450(17alpha) were similar to those for cellular retinoid binding protein type 2, the transcription of which is activated by retinoid X receptor signaling. 9-cis-Retinoic acid also induced a 1.7-fold increase in the protein content of P450(17alpha) and a 2-fold increase in de novo synthesis of 17beta-estradiol and testosterone. These steroids may be synthesized from a steroid precursor(s), such as pregnenolone or other steroids, or from cholesterol, as so-called neurosteroids. The stimulation of estradiol and testosterone synthesis by 9-cis-retinoic acid might be caused by activation of P450(17alpha) transcription via retinoid X receptor signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Munetsuna
- Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|