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Cummings KJ, Leiter JC, Trachtenberg FL, Okaty BW, Darnall RA, Haas EA, Harper RM, Nattie EE, Krous HF, Mena OJ, Richerson GB, Dymecki SM, Kinney HC, Haynes RL. Altered 5-HT2A/C receptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): Part II. Age-associated alterations in serotonin receptor binding profiles within medullary nuclei supporting cardiorespiratory homeostasis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2024; 83:144-160. [PMID: 38323418 PMCID: PMC10880067 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The failure of chemoreflexes, arousal, and/or autoresuscitation to asphyxia may underlie some sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases. In Part I, we showed that some SIDS infants had altered 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A/C receptor binding in medullary nuclei supporting chemoreflexes, arousal, and autoresuscitation. Here, using the same dataset, we tested the hypotheses that the prevalence of low 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT2A/C receptor binding (defined as levels below the 95% confidence interval of controls-a new approach), and the percentages of nuclei affected are greater in SIDS versus controls, and that the distribution of low binding varied with age of death. The prevalence and percentage of nuclei with low 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/C binding in SIDS were twice that of controls. The percentage of nuclei with low 5-HT2A/C binding was greater in older SIDS infants. In >80% of older SIDS infants, low 5-HT2A/C binding characterized the hypoglossal nucleus, vagal dorsal nucleus, nucleus of solitary tract, and nuclei of the olivocerebellar subnetwork (important for blood pressure regulation). Together, our findings from SIDS infants and from animal models of serotonergic dysfunction suggest that some SIDS cases represent a serotonopathy. We present new hypotheses, yet to be tested, about how defects within serotonergic subnetworks may lead to SIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - James C Leiter
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Benjamin W Okaty
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert A Darnall
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Haas
- Department of Research, Rady’s Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Harper
- Department of Neurobiology and the Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eugene E Nattie
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Henry F Krous
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Othon J Mena
- San Diego County Medical Examiner Office, San Diego, California, USA
| | - George B Richerson
- Departments of Neurology and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Susan M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- Department of Pathology, CJ Murphy Laboratory for SIDS Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robin L Haynes
- Department of Pathology, CJ Murphy Laboratory for SIDS Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kalinousky AJ, Rapp T, Harris JR. Attention challenges in Kabuki syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2024; 68:173-180. [PMID: 37921399 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the specific neurobehavioural profile of rare genetic diseases enables clinicians to provide the best possible care for patients and families, including prognostic and treatment advisement. Previous studies suggested that a subset of individuals with Kabuki syndrome (KS), a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability and other neurodevelopmental phenotypes, have attentional deficits. However, these studies looked at relatively small numbers of molecularly confirmed cases and often used retrospective clinical data instead of standardised assessments. METHODS Fifty-five individuals or caregivers of individuals with molecularly confirmed KS completed assessments to investigate behaviour and adaptive function. Additionally, information was collected on 23 unaffected biological siblings as controls. RESULTS Attention Problems in children was the only behavioural category that, when averaged, was clinically significant, with the individual scores of nearly 50% of the children with KS falling in the problematic range. Children with KS scored significantly higher than their unaffected sibling on nearly all behavioural categories. A significant correlation was found between Attention Problems scores and adaptive function scores (P = 0.032), which was not explained by lower general cognitive ability. CONCLUSIONS We found that the rates of children with attentional deficits are much more elevated than would be expected in the general population, and that attention challenges are negatively correlated with adaptive function. When averaged across KS participants, none of the behavioural categories were in the clinically significant range except Attention Problems for children, which underscores the importance of clinicians screening for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children with KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Kalinousky
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T Rapp
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J R Harris
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology and Neurogenetics, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Chen-Patterson A, Bernier A, Burgert T, Davis V, Khan T, Geller D, Paprocki E, Shah R, Witchel SF, Pereira-Eshraghi C, Sopher AB, Cree MG, Torchen LC. Distinct Reproductive Phenotypes Segregate With Differences in Body Weight in Adolescent Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2024; 8:bvad169. [PMID: 38213910 PMCID: PMC10783242 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous clinical syndrome defined by hyperandrogenism and irregular menses. In adult women with PCOS, discrete metabolic and reproductive subgroups have been identified. We hypothesize that distinct phenotypes can be distinguished between adolescent girls who are lean (LN-G) and girls with obesity (OB-G) at the time of PCOS diagnosis. Methods Data were extracted from the CALICO multisite PCOS database. Clinical data collected at the time of diagnosis were available in 354 patients (81% with obesity) from 7 academic centers. Patients with body mass index (BMI) < 85th percentile for age and sex were characterized as lean (LN-G) and those with BMI percentile ≥ 95th percentile as obese (OB-G). We compared metabolic and reproductive phenotypes in LN-G and OB-G. Results Reproductive phenotypes differed between the groups, with LN-G having higher total testosterone, androstenedione, and LH levels, while OB-G had lower sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and higher free testosterone. Metabolic profiles differed as expected, with OB-G having higher hemoglobin A1c, alanine aminotransferase, and serum triglycerides and more severe acanthosis nigricans. Conclusion LN-G with PCOS had a distinct reproductive phenotype characterized by increased LH, total testosterone, and androstenedione levels, suggesting neuroendocrine-mediated ovarian androgen production. In contrast, phenotypes in OB-G suggest hyperandrogenemia is primarily driven by insulin resistance with low SHBG levels. These observations support the existence of distinct metabolic and reproductive subtypes in adolescent PCOS characterized by unique mechanisms for hyperandrogenemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina Bernier
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Tania Burgert
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Vanessa Davis
- Pediatric Endocrinology, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tazeena Khan
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - David Geller
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Emily Paprocki
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Rachana Shah
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Selma F Witchel
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | | | - Aviva B Sopher
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Columbia University, NewYork, NY 10032, USA
| | - Melanie G Cree
- Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura C Torchen
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Wilbourne J, Jia S, Fogarty A, Takaku M, Zhao F. Crucial Roles of the Mesenchymal Androgen Receptor in Wolffian Duct Development. Endocrinology 2023; 165:bqad193. [PMID: 38146640 PMCID: PMC10763607 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Wolffian duct (WD) maintenance and differentiation is predominantly driven by the androgen action, which is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). It is well established that the mesenchyme indicates the fate and differentiation of epithelial cells. However, in vivo developmental requirement of mesenchymal AR in WD development is still undefined. By designing a mesenchyme-specific Ar knockout (ARcKO), we discovered that the loss of mesenchymal Ar led to the bilateral or unilateral degeneration of caudal WDs and cystic formation at the cranial WDs. Ex vivo culture of ARcKO WDs invariably resulted in bilateral defects, suggesting that some factor(s) originating from surrounding tissues in vivo might promote WD survival and growth even in the absence of mesenchymal Ar. Mechanistically, we found cell proliferation was significantly reduced in both epithelial and mesenchymal compartments; but cell apoptosis was not affected. Transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing of E14.5 mesonephroi revealed 131 differentially expressed genes. Multiple downregulated genes (Top2a, Wnt9b, Lama2, and Lamc2) were associated with morphological and cellular changes in ARcKO male embryos (ie, reduced cell proliferation and decreased number of epithelial cells). Mesenchymal differentiation into smooth muscle cells that are critical for morphogenesis was also impaired in ARcKO male embryos. Taken together, our results demonstrate the crucial roles of the mesenchymal AR in WD maintenance and morphogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Wilbourne
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shuai Jia
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Allyssa Fogarty
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Motoki Takaku
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Murphy CC, Cirillo PM, Krigbaum NY, Singal AG, Jones DP, Zaki T, Cohn BA. In-utero exposure to antibiotics and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of 18 000 adult offspring. Int J Epidemiol 2023; 52:1448-1458. [PMID: 36692207 PMCID: PMC10555902 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing among younger adults and in mid-life, implicating exposures in early life as risk factors. We examined the association between in-utero exposure to antibiotics and risk of CRC in adult offspring. METHODS The Child Health and Development Studies is a prospective cohort of women receiving prenatal care between 1959 and 1966 in Oakland, California, with deliveries through June 1967. Diagnosed conditions and all prescribed medications were abstracted from mothers' medical records beginning 6 months prior to pregnancy through delivery. We identified mothers who received antibiotics in pregnancy, including penicillins, tetracyclines, short-acting sulfonamides and long-acting sulfonamides. Diagnoses of CRC in adult (age ≥18 years) offspring were ascertained through 2021 by linkage with the California Cancer Registry. Cox proportional models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR), with follow-up accrued from birth through cancer diagnosis, death or last contact. RESULTS Of 18 751 liveborn offspring, about 15% (n = 2635) were exposed in utero to antibiotics: 5.4% (n = 1016) to tetracyclines, 4.9% (n = 918) to penicillins, 4.2% (n = 785) to short-acting sulfonamides and 1.5% (n = 273) to long-acting sulfonamides. Compared with offspring not exposed, associations between in-utero exposure and CRC in adult offspring were: aHR 1.03 (95% CI 0.32, 3.31) for tetracyclines; aHR 1.12 (95% CI 0.35, 3.58) for penicillins; aHR 0.83 (95% CI 0.20, 3.42) for short-acting sulfonamides; and aHR 4.40 (95% CI 1.63, 11.88) for long-acting sulfonamides. CONCLUSION Our findings support an association between in-utero exposure to long-acting sulfonamides and CRC in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Murphy
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth Houston), School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Piera M Cirillo
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nickilou Y Krigbaum
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Amit G Singal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy Zaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Barbara A Cohn
- Child Health and Development Studies, Public Health Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Haynes RL, Trachtenberg F, Darnall R, Haas EA, Goldstein RD, Mena OJ, Krous HF, Kinney HC. Altered 5-HT2A/C receptor binding in the medulla oblongata in the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS): Part I. Tissue-based evidence for serotonin receptor signaling abnormalities in cardiorespiratory- and arousal-related circuits. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:467-482. [PMID: 37226597 PMCID: PMC10209647 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality in the United States, is typically associated with a sleep period. Previously, we showed evidence of serotonergic abnormalities in the medulla (e.g. altered serotonin (5-HT)1A receptor binding), in SIDS cases. In rodents, 5-HT2A/C receptor signaling contributes to arousal and autoresuscitation, protecting brain oxygen status during sleep. Nonetheless, the role of 5-HT2A/C receptors in the pathophysiology of SIDS is unclear. We hypothesize that in SIDS, 5-HT2A/C receptor binding is altered in medullary nuclei that are key for arousal and autoresuscitation. Here, we report altered 5-HT2A/C binding in several key medullary nuclei in SIDS cases (n = 58) compared to controls (n = 12). In some nuclei the reduced 5-HT2A/C and 5-HT1A binding overlapped, suggesting abnormal 5-HT receptor interactions. The data presented here (Part 1) suggest that a subset of SIDS is due in part to abnormal 5-HT2A/C and 5-HT1A signaling across multiple medullary nuclei vital for arousal and autoresuscitation. In Part II to follow, we highlight 8 medullary subnetworks with altered 5-HT receptor binding in SIDS. We propose the existence of an integrative brainstem network that fails to facilitate arousal and/or autoresuscitation in SIDS cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Haynes
- CJ Murphy Laboratory for SIDS Research, Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Robert’s Program on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ryan Darnall
- CJ Murphy Laboratory for SIDS Research, Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Haas
- Department of Research, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Richard D Goldstein
- Robert’s Program on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Othon J Mena
- San Diego County Medical Examiner Office, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Henry F Krous
- University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hannah C Kinney
- CJ Murphy Laboratory for SIDS Research, Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Robert’s Program on Sudden Unexpected Death in Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Tang Girdwood S, Hasson D, Caldwell JT, Slagle C, Dong S, Fei L, Tang P, Vinks AA, Kaplan J, Goldstein SL. Relationship between piperacillin concentrations, clinical factors and piperacillin/tazobactam-associated acute kidney injury. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:478-487. [PMID: 36545869 PMCID: PMC10169424 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperacillin/tazobactam, a commonly used antibiotic, is associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). The relationship between piperacillin concentrations and AKI remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Estimate piperacillin exposures in critically ill children and young adults administered piperacillin/tazobactam to identify concentrations and clinical factors associated with piperacillin-associated AKI. PATIENTS AND METHODS We assessed piperacillin pharmacokinetics in 107 patients admitted to the paediatric ICU who received at least one dose of piperacillin/tazobactam. Piperacillin AUC, highest peak (Cmax) and highest trough (Cmin) in the first 24 hours of therapy were estimated. Piperacillin-associated AKI was defined as Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Stage 2/3 AKI present >24 hours after initial piperacillin/tazobactam dose. Likelihood of piperacillin-associated AKI was rated using the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify patient and clinical predictors of piperacillin-associated AKI. RESULTS Out of 107 patients, 16 (15%) were rated as possibly or probably having piperacillin-associated AKI. Estimated AUC and highest Cmin in the first 24 hours were higher in patients with piperacillin-associated AKI (2042 versus 1445 mg*h/L, P = 0.03; 50.1 versus 10.7 mg/L, P < 0.001). Logistic regression showed predictors of piperacillin-associated AKI included higher Cmin (OR: 5.4, 95% CI: 1.7-23) and age (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05-1.25). CONCLUSIONS We show a relationship between estimated piperacillin AUC and highest Cmin in the first 24 hours of piperacillin/tazobactam therapy and piperacillin-associated AKI, suggesting total piperacillin exposure early in the course is associated with AKI development. These data could serve as the foundation for implementation of model-informed precision dosing to reduce AKI incidence in patients given piperacillin/tazobactam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Tang Girdwood
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 9016, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Denise Hasson
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center of Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - J Timothy Caldwell
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Cara Slagle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center of Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Neonatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Shun Dong
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Business, University of Kansas School of Business, 1654 Naismith Drive, USA
| | - Lin Fei
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Peter Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Alexander A Vinks
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Stuart L Goldstein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center of Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of the present study was to conduct a quantitative review to determine the degree to which specific forms of suicidality (i.e., lifetime and past-year suicidal ideation and attempts) are associated with sexual assault (SA). It also examined whether the strength of the association between SA and suicidality was moderated by sample characteristics or the type of suicidality assessed. METHOD A subset of studies (25 samples and 36 effects, reflecting N = 88,376 participants) from a prior meta-analysis assessing associations between SA and psychopathology was examined. Included studies provided the prevalence of suicidality in subsamples that had and had not been exposed to SA and/or an odds ratio comparing the prevalence in these groups. Random effects metaregression models aggregated prevalence estimates and odds ratios for lifetime and past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in individuals in SA and no-SA groups. Analyses also examined whether sample characteristics (i.e., percent women, college sample) or type of suicidality moderated the magnitude of odds ratios. RESULTS Subsamples exposed to SA reported a substantially higher prevalence of suicidality (27.25%) compared with unassaulted subsamples (9.37%). There were significantly higher rates of lifetime and past-year suicidal ideation, and lifetime suicide attempts in assaulted subsamples than in unassaulted subsamples. No tested moderators had significant associations with the strength of the relationship between SA and suicidality. CONCLUSION Findings underscore the robust relationship between SA and both suicidal ideation and attempts and suggest that identifying moderators and mediators that explain it is a key directive for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Dworkin
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine
| | - Christopher R DeCou
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine
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Zhao F, Grimm SA, Jia S, Yao HHC. Contribution of the Wolffian duct mesenchyme to the formation of the female reproductive tract. PNAS Nexus 2022; 1:pgac182. [PMID: 36204418 PMCID: PMC9523451 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The female reproductive tract develops from its embryonic precursor, the Müllerian duct. In close proximity to the Müllerian duct lies the precursor for the male reproductive tract, the Wolffian duct, which is eliminated in the female embryo during sexual differentiation. We discovered that a component of the Wolffian duct, its mesenchyme, is not eliminated after sexual differentiation. Instead, the Wolffian duct mesenchyme underwent changes in transcriptome and chromatin accessibility from male tract to female tract identity, and became a unique mesenchymal population in the female reproductive tract with localization and transcriptome distinct from the mesenchyme derived from the Müllerian duct. Partial ablation of the Wolffian duct mesenchyme stunted the growth of the fetal female reproductive tract in ex vivo organ culture. These findings reveal a new fetal origin of mesenchymal tissues for female reproductive tract formation and reshape our understanding of sexual differentiation of reproductive tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sara A Grimm
- Integrative Bioinformatics Support Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Shua Jia
- Present address: Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Humphrey Hung-Chang Yao
- Reproductive Developmental Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Agarwal N, Kohler HP, Mani S. Path Dependence in Disability. J Afr Econ 2022; 31:329-354. [PMID: 35939267 PMCID: PMC9340751 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The average prevalence of disability in most African countries is 10%, but for many it exceeds the global disability prevalence rate of 15%. The extent to which this disability capturing functional and activity limitations results in permanent job loss, lowered lifetime income and assets, in part, depends upon the extent to which the onset of limitations becomes permanent. In this paper, we use five rounds of longitudinal data from rural Malawi, a low-income African country with high prevalence of disability, to examine path dependence in activity limitations. We estimate a dynamic linear panel data model where the coefficient on the one-period lagged health outcome captures path dependence in limitations. Our preferred Arellano-Bover estimates show that males experience partial persistence in both the incidence and intensity of severe limitations and no persistence in other limitations. Females, on the other hand, exhibit no persistence in any type of limitations. Our findings have important policy implications for computing the long-term costs associated with onset of activity limitations as these costs can be moderated by the recovery exhibited in these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Agarwal
- Department of Economics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hans-Peter Kohler
- Population Aging Research Center and Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Subha Mani
- Department of Economics and Center for International Policy Studies, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- IZA, Bonn, Germany
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11
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Lu Y, Li X. Vertical Education-Occupation Mismatch and Wage Inequality by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity among Highly Educated US Workers. Soc Forces 2021; 100:706-737. [PMID: 34658675 PMCID: PMC8502953 DOI: 10.1093/sf/soaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable educational gains of minorities, ethnoracial wage inequality persists and has even expanded among highly educated workers. Conventional explanations for this inequality are primarily derived from comparing workers across different educational levels and are less salient for understanding inequalities within the highly educated workforce. This study examines a previously overlooked source of ethnoracial inequality among highly educated workers: vertical mismatch between workers' educational level and the education requirements for their occupation. Using a longitudinal sample of college graduates from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, we find that vertical mismatch accounts for a large part of racial/ethnic and nativity wage inequality. Specifically, highly educated minorities (especially blacks and Hispanics) and immigrants (especially those holding a foreign degree) are disproportionately channeled into mismatched jobs and subsequently consigned to such positions. Also, highly educated Hispanics and Asians, as well as foreign-educated immigrants, face greater wage penalties of vertical mismatch. The findings offer new insights into a key source of ethnoracial and nativity stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- The authors thank Thomas DiPrete, Siwei Cheng, Jonathan Horowitz, and participants at Northwestern University Applied Quantitative Methods Workshop and the RC28 Summer Meeting at Princeton University for valuable comments. Lu gratefully acknowledges support from the National Institute of Child Health and Development (K01HD073318), and the Columbia Population Research Center with funding from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P2CHD058486). Li gratefully acknowledges support from the Institute for Empirical Social Science Research at Xi’an Jiaotong University, the Center for Applied Social and Economic Research at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, and the China Scholarship Council. Direct all correspondence to Yao Lu, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 501 Knox Hall, 606 W. 122nd Street, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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12
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Black MM, Behrman JR, Daelmans B, Prado EL, Richter L, Tomlinson M, Trude ACB, Wertlieb D, Wuermli AJ, Yoshikawa H. The principles of Nurturing Care promote human capital and mitigate adversities from preconception through adolescence. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e004436. [PMID: 33875519 PMCID: PMC8057542 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive evidence-based framework is needed to guide policies and programmes that enable children and adolescents to accrue the human capital required to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper proposes a comprehensive, multisectoral, multilevel life-course conceptualisation of human capital development by building on the Nurturing Care Framework (NCF), originally developed for the foundational period of growth and development through the age 3 years. Nurturing care (NC) comprises stable environments that promote children's health and nutrition, protect from threats, and provide opportunities for learning and responsive, emotionally supportive and developmentally enriching relationships. NC is fostered by families, communities, services, national policies and beyond. The principles apply across the life course, endorse equity and human rights, and promote long-term human capital. This paper presents an evidence-based argument for the extension of the NCF from preconception through adolescence (0-20 years), organised into six developmental periods: preconception/prenatal, newborn/birth, infancy/toddlerhood, preschool, middle childhood and adolescence. The proposed framework advances human capital within each developmental period by promoting resilience and adaptive developmental trajectories while mitigating negative consequences of adversities.Attaining the SDGs depends on strengthening human capital formation, extending throughout childhood and adolescence and supported by NC. Embedded in enabling laws, policies and services, the dynamic NCF components can mitigate adversities, enhance resilience and promote the well-being of marginalised groups. The life-course extension of the NCF is strategically positioned to enhance human capital, to attain the SDGs and to ensure that children or adolescents are not left behind in reaching their developmental potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen M Black
- Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jere R Behrman
- Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bernadette Daelmans
- Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Linda Richter
- Centre of Wxcellence in Human Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Soutn Africa
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queens University, Belfast, UK
| | - Angela C B Trude
- Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Donald Wertlieb
- Eliot-Pearson Department of Child Study and Human Development, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alice J Wuermli
- Global TIES for Children, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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13
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Abstract
There is a relative dearth of research on features of schizotypal personality in children, in part due to lack of instrumentation. This study tests 5 competing models of the factor structure of the self-report Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire for Children (SPQ-C) and examines its relationship with a family history of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD), child abuse, and stability over time. Hypotheses were tested on 454 11- to 12-year-old schoolchildren and their caregivers. Confirmatory factor analyses supported a 3-factor structure of the SPQ-C (cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal, and disorganized). Test-retest stability was relatively robust over 3 months (r = .67), 6 months (r = .64), and 12 months (r = .55), with acceptable internal reliabilities (r = .84 to .91). Regarding construct validity, children with a biological family history of SPD had higher scores on all 3 factors (d =.51). Abused children had higher schizotypy scores (d = .55). A genetic × environment interaction was observed, with schizotypy highest in those with both a family history of schizotypy and also child abuse. Findings are the first in the child schizotypy field to document a gene × environment interaction and the independence of child abuse from confounding genetic influences. Results support the utility of the SPQ-C in future family and clinical studies of schizotypal personality and provide an avenue for much-needed and neglected research into the early antecedents of child schizotypal personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Raine
- Department of Criminology, Psychiatry, and Psychology, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Keri Ka-Yee Wong
- Department of Psychology & Human Development, University College
London, London, UK
| | - Jianghong Liu
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA
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14
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Wexler C, Nazir N, Maloba M, Brown M, Goggin K, Gautney B, Maosa N, Babu S, Muchoki E, Mabachi N, Lwembe R, Finocchario-Kessler S. Programmatic evaluation of feasibility and efficiency of at birth and 6-week, point of care HIV testing in Kenyan infant. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240621. [PMID: 33035274 PMCID: PMC7546458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Testing infants at birth and with more efficient point of care (POC) HIV diagnostic can streamline EID and expedite infant ART initiation. We evaluated the implementation of at birth and 6-week POC testing to assess the effectiveness and feasibility when implemented by existing hospital staff in Kenya. Methods Four government hospitals were randomly assigned to receive a GeneXpert HIV-1 Qual (n = 2) or Alere m-PIMA (n = 2) machine for POC testing. All HIV-exposed infants enrolled were eligible to receive POC testing at birth and 6-weeks of age. The primary outcome was repeat POC testing, defined as testing both at birth and 6-weeks of age. Secondary outcomes included predictors of repeat POC testing, POC efficiency (turnaround times of key services), and operations (failed POC results, missed opportunities). Results Of 626 enrolled infants, 309 (49.4%) received repeat POC testing, 115 (18.4%) were lost to follow up after an at-birth test, 120 (19.2%) received POC testing at 6-weeks only, 80 (12.8%) received no POC testing, and 2 (0.3%) received delayed POC testing (>12 weeks of age). Three (0.4%) were identified as HIV-positive. Of the total 853 POC tests run at birth (n = 424) or 6-weeks (n = 429), 806 (94.5%) had a valid result documented and 792 (98.3%) results had documented maternal notification. Mean time from sample collection to notification was 1.08 days, with 751 (94.8%) notifications on the same day as sample collection. Machine error rates at birth and 6-weeks were 8.5% and 2.5%, respectively. A total of 198 infants presented for care (48 at birth; 150 at 6-weeks) without receiving a POC test, representing missed opportunities for testing. Discussion At birth POC testing can streamline infant HIV diagnosis, expedite ART initiation and can be implemented by existing hospital staff. However, maternal disengagement and missed opportunities for testing must be addressed to realize the full benefits of at birth POC testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Wexler
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Niaman Nazir
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - May Maloba
- Global Health Innovations–Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Melinda Brown
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Kathy Goggin
- Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Health Services and Outcomes Research, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States of America
| | - Brad Gautney
- Global Health Innovations, Dallas, TX, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Natabhona Mabachi
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | | | - Sarah Finocchario-Kessler
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
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15
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Austin AE, Gottfredson NC, Halpern CT, Zolotor AJ, Marshall SW, Parrish JW, Shanahan ME. Patterns of Risk and Protective Factors Among Alaska Children: Association With Maternal and Child Well-Being. Child Dev 2020; 91:1650-1662. [PMID: 31967335 PMCID: PMC7375914 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study used population-representative data to examine associations of risk and protective factor patterns among Alaska Native/American Indian (AN/AI; N = 592) and non-Native (N = 1,018) children with maternal and child outcomes at age 3 years. Among AN/AI children, a high risk/moderate protection class was associated with child developmental risk and mothers being less likely to feel comfortable asking for help or knowing where to go for parenting information compared to a low socioeconomic status/high protection class. Among non-Native children, a moderate risk/high protection class was associated with child developmental risk and mothers being less likely to feel comfortable asking for help compared to a low risk/high protection class. Results provide insight on the intersection of risk and protective factors among Alaska families.
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16
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Bengtson AM, Colvin C, Kirwa K, Cornell M, Lurie MN. Estimating retention in HIV care accounting for clinic transfers using electronic medical records: evidence from a large antiretroviral treatment programme in the Western Cape, South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2020; 25:936-943. [PMID: 32406961 PMCID: PMC8841816 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of retention in antiretroviral treatment (ART) programmes may be biased if patients who transfer to healthcare clinics are misclassified as lost to follow-up (LTFU) at their original clinic. In a large cohort, we estimated retention in care accounting for patient transfers using medical records. METHODS Using linked electronic medical records, we followed adults living with HIV (PLWH) in Cape Town, South Africa from ART initiation (2012-2016) through database closure at 36 months or 30 June 2016, whichever came first. Retention was defined as alive and with a healthcare visit in the 180 days between database closure and administrative censoring on 31 December 2016. Participants who died or did not have a healthcare visit in > 180 days were censored at their last healthcare visit. We estimated the cumulative incidence of retention using Kaplan-Meier methods considering (i) only records from a participant's ART initiation clinic (not accounting for transfers) and (ii) all records (accounting for transfers), over time and by gender. We estimated risk differences and bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals to quantify misclassification in retention estimates due to patient transfers. RESULTS We included 3406 PLWH initiating ART. Retention through 36 months on ART rose from 45.4% (95% CI 43.6%, 47.2%) to 54.3% (95% CI 52.4%, 56.1%) after accounting for patient transfers. Overall, 8.9% (95% CI 8.1%, 9.7%) of participants were misclassified as LTFU due to patient transfers. CONCLUSIONS Patient transfers can appreciably bias estimates of retention in HIV care. Electronic medical records can help quantify patient transfers and improve retention estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Colvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kipruto Kirwa
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Morna Cornell
- Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark N Lurie
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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17
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Belsky DW, Caspi A, Arseneault L, Baccarelli A, Corcoran DL, Gao X, Hannon E, Harrington HL, Rasmussen LJH, Houts R, Huffman K, Kraus WE, Kwon D, Mill J, Pieper CF, Prinz JA, Poulton R, Schwartz J, Sugden K, Vokonas P, Williams BS, Moffitt TE. Quantification of the pace of biological aging in humans through a blood test, the DunedinPoAm DNA methylation algorithm. eLife 2020; 9:e54870. [PMID: 32367804 PMCID: PMC7282814 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is the gradual, progressive decline in system integrity that occurs with advancing chronological age, causing morbidity and disability. Measurements of the pace of aging are needed as surrogate endpoints in trials of therapies designed to prevent disease by slowing biological aging. We report a blood-DNA-methylation measure that is sensitive to variation in pace of biological aging among individuals born the same year. We first modeled change-over-time in 18 biomarkers tracking organ-system integrity across 12 years of follow-up in n = 954 members of the Dunedin Study born in 1972-1973. Rates of change in each biomarker over ages 26-38 years were composited to form a measure of aging-related decline, termed Pace-of-Aging. Elastic-net regression was used to develop a DNA-methylation predictor of Pace-of-Aging, called DunedinPoAm for Dunedin(P)ace(o)f(A)ging(m)ethylation. Validation analysis in cohort studies and the CALERIE trial provide proof-of-principle for DunedinPoAm as a single-time-point measure of a person's pace of biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkUnited States
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Louise Arseneault
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Laboratory of Precision Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - David L Corcoran
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Xu Gao
- Laboratory of Precision Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Eiliss Hannon
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and HealthExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Hona Lee Harrington
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Line JH Rasmussen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Clinical Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and HvidovreHvidovreDenmark
| | - Renate Houts
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Kim Huffman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Dayoon Kwon
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public HealthNew YorkUnited States
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and HealthExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Carl F Pieper
- Duke University Center for the Study of Aging, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biostatistics, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Joseph A Prinz
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Richie Poulton
- Department of Psychology and Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, University of OtagoOtagoNew Zealand
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | - Karen Sugden
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Pantel Vokonas
- Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Benjamin S Williams
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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18
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Andrews DS, Lee JK, Solomon M, Rogers SJ, Amaral DG, Nordahl CW. A diffusion-weighted imaging tract-based spatial statistics study of autism spectrum disorder in preschool-aged children. J Neurodev Disord 2019; 11:32. [PMID: 31839001 PMCID: PMC6913008 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-019-9291-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are widely theorized to result from altered brain connectivity. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) has been a versatile method for investigating underlying microstructural properties of white matter (WM) in ASD. Despite phenotypic and etiological heterogeneity, DWI studies in majority male samples of older children, adolescents, and adults with ASD have largely reported findings of decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) across several commissural, projection, and association fiber tracts. However, studies in preschool-aged children (i.e., < 30-40 months) suggest individuals with ASD have increased measures of WM FA earlier in development. METHODS We analyzed 127 individuals with ASD (85♂, 42♀) and 54 typically developing (TD) controls (42♂, 26♀), aged 25.1-49.6 months. Voxel-wise effects of ASD diagnosis, sex, age, and their interaction on DWI measures of FA, mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) were investigated using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) while controlling mean absolute and relative motion. RESULTS Compared to TD controls, males and females with ASD had significantly increased measures of FA in eight clusters (threshold-free cluster enhancement p < 0.05) that incorporated several WM tracts including regions of the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum, inferior frontal-occipital fasciculi, inferior and superior longitudinal fasciculi, middle and superior cerebellar peduncles, and corticospinal tract. A diagnosis by sex interaction was observed in measures of AD across six significant clusters incorporating areas of the body, genu, and splenium of the corpus collosum. In these tracts, females with ASD showed increased AD compared to TD females, while males with ASD showed decreased AD compared to TD males. CONCLUSIONS The current findings support growing evidence that preschool-aged children with ASD have atypical measures of WM microstructure that appear to differ in directionality from alterations observed in older individuals with the condition. To our knowledge, this study represents the largest sample of preschool-aged females with ASD to be evaluated using DWI. Microstructural differences associated with ASD largely overlapped between sexes. However, differential relationships of AD measures indicate that sex likely modulates ASD neuroanatomical phenotypes. Further longitudinal study is needed to confirm and quantify the developmental relationship of WM structure in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Sayre Andrews
- The Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Joshua K. Lee
- The Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Marjorie Solomon
- The Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Sally J. Rogers
- The Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - David G. Amaral
- The Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Christine Wu Nordahl
- The Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (MIND) Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
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19
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Federspiel JD, Tandon P, Wilczewski CM, Wasson L, Herring LE, Venkatesh SS, Cristea IM, Conlon FL. Conservation and divergence of protein pathways in the vertebrate heart. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000437. [PMID: 31490923 PMCID: PMC6750614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the western world. Attaining a mechanistic understanding of human heart development and homeostasis and the molecular basis of associated disease states relies on the use of animal models. Here, we present the cardiac proteomes of 4 model vertebrates with dual circulatory systems: the pig (Sus scrofa), the mouse (Mus musculus), and 2 frogs (Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis). Determination of which proteins and protein pathways are conserved and which have diverged within these species will aid in our ability to choose the appropriate models for determining protein function and to model human disease. We uncover mammalian- and amphibian-specific, as well as species-specific, enriched proteins and protein pathways. Among these, we find and validate an enrichment in cell-cycle–associated proteins within Xenopus laevis. To further investigate functional units within cardiac proteomes, we develop a computational approach to profile the abundance of protein complexes across species. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of these data sets for predicting appropriate model systems for studying given cardiac conditions by testing the role of Kielin/chordin-like protein (Kcp), a protein found as enriched in frog hearts compared to mammals. We establish that germ-line mutations in Kcp in Xenopus lead to valve defects and, ultimately, cardiac failure and death. Thus, integrating these findings with data on proteins responsible for cardiac disease should lead to the development of refined, species-specific models for protein function and disease states. Comparison of cardiac proteomes across four vertebrate model systems reveals species-specific differentially enriched proteins and pathways, including the Xenopus-enriched Kielin/chordin-like protein (Kcp), which is shown to be important for proper heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panna Tandon
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Caralynn M. Wilczewski
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lauren Wasson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura E. Herring
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Ileana M. Cristea
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IMC); (FLC)
| | - Frank L. Conlon
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IMC); (FLC)
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20
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Fierro J, Haynes DR, Washbourne P. 4.1Ba is necessary for glutamatergic synapse formation in the sensorimotor circuit of developing zebrafish. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205255. [PMID: 30286167 PMCID: PMC6171929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the process of synapse formation, thousands of proteins assemble at prospective sites of cell-cell communication. Although many of these proteins have been identified, the roles they play in generating functional connections during development remain unknown. 4.1 scaffolding proteins have been implicated in synapse formation and maturation in vitro, but in vivo studies for some family members have suggested these proteins are not important for this role. We examined the role of family member 4.1B because it has been implicated in glutamatergic synaptogenesis, but has not been described in vivo. We identified two 4.1B genes in zebrafish, 4.1Ba and 4.1Bb, by sequence comparisons and synteny analysis. In situ hybridization shows these genes are differentially expressed, with 4.1Ba expressed primarily in the nervous system and 4.1Bb expressed in the nervous system and muscle, but not the spinal cord. We focused our studies on 4.1Ba in the spinal cord. 4.1Ba knockdown reduced the number of glutamatergic synapses at caudal primary motor neurons and caused an increase in the duration of touch-evoked coiling. These results suggest 4.1Ba is important for the formation of functional glutamatergic synapses in the developing zebrafish spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fierro
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Dylan R. Haynes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Philip Washbourne
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
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Blanquart F, Grabowski MK, Herbeck J, Nalugoda F, Serwadda D, Eller MA, Robb ML, Gray R, Kigozi G, Laeyendecker O, Lythgoe KA, Nakigozi G, Quinn TC, Reynolds SJ, Wawer MJ, Fraser C. A transmission-virulence evolutionary trade-off explains attenuation of HIV-1 in Uganda. eLife 2016; 5:e20492. [PMID: 27815945 PMCID: PMC5115872 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary theory hypothesizes that intermediate virulence maximizes pathogen fitness as a result of a trade-off between virulence and transmission, but empirical evidence remains scarce. We bridge this gap using data from a large and long-standing HIV-1 prospective cohort, in Uganda. We use an epidemiological-evolutionary model parameterised with this data to derive evolutionary predictions based on analysis and detailed individual-based simulations. We robustly predict stabilising selection towards a low level of virulence, and rapid attenuation of the virus. Accordingly, set-point viral load, the most common measure of virulence, has declined in the last 20 years. Our model also predicts that subtype A is slowly outcompeting subtype D, with both subtypes becoming less virulent, as observed in the data. Reduction of set-point viral loads should have resulted in a 20% reduction in incidence, and a three years extension of untreated asymptomatic infection, increasing opportunities for timely treatment of infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Blanquart
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Kate Grabowski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joshua Herbeck
- International Clinical Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - David Serwadda
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda
- School of Public Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Michael A Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Merlin L Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ronald Gray
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Rakai Health Sciences Program, Entebbe, Uganda
| | | | - Oliver Laeyendecker
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Katrina A Lythgoe
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas C Quinn
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Steven J Reynolds
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Maria J Wawer
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Christophe Fraser
- MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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