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Yang G, Chen Y, Ye M, Cheng J, Liu B, Cheng J. Relationship between family risk factors and adolescent mental health. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2023; 48:1076-1085. [PMID: 37724411 PMCID: PMC10930049 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2023.230065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Family risk factors are crucial to adolescent mental health. Few studies have investigated the complex relationship between family risk factors and adolescent mental health. This study aims to investigate the complex relationship between family cumulative risk (FCR) and adolescent mental health, and to clarify the factors contributing to adolescent mental health problems. METHODS This study recruited 903 junior high school students and 991 senior high school students in Changsha, Hunan and was conducted through an offline computer-based questionnaire survey using the Middle School Student Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS) and the Family Cumulative Risk Questionnaire (FCRQ) to assess the mental health status and FCR factors, respectively. Statistical analyses were conducted to clarify the demographic factors influencing MSSMHS total and factor scores, and to analyze the relationship between FCRQ and MSSMHS total and factor scores. RESULTS Females exhibited more mental health problems than males in various MSSMHS factors (all P<0.05); adolescents were prone to different mental health problems at different stages (junior high school first-grade vs. senior high school first-grade); senior high school first-grade students were more likely to experience academic pressure and maladjustment than junior high school first-grade students (P<0.01), and junior high school first-grade students were more likely to exhibit obsessive, paranoia, and hostility symptoms than senior high school first-grade students (all P<0.01); adolescents with low family intimacy and high family conflict reported more symptoms in every dimension of MSSMHS (all P<0.05); adolecents with poor parent-child separation reported higher obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, academic pressure, maladjustment, emotional instability, and unbalanced mind than those with good parent-child separation (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Female, low family intimacy, high family conflict, and poor parent-child separation are risk factors of adolescent mental health problems. Higher-grade middle school students are prone to exhibit academic pressure and maladjustment, while lower-grade middle school students are prone to exhibit obsessive, paranoia, and hostility symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gefei Yang
- Lushan International Experimental School, Changsha 410006.
| | - Yihua Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
| | - Miao Ye
- China Communist Youth League Committee of Hunan Province, Changsha 410029
| | - Junzhe Cheng
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
| | - Bangshan Liu
- Institute of Mental Health, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011
| | - Jiao Cheng
- China Communist Youth League Committee, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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Schreier A, Champine RB, Kaufman JS. Predictors of Service Dosage, Recommendation, and Usage in an Early Childhood System of Care. J Child Fam Stud 2019; 28:599-608. [PMID: 31777431 PMCID: PMC6880751 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Children and families enrolled in early childhood systems of care (SOC) present with various psychological and behavioral risk factors that may inhibit healthy development. Within a SOC, wraparound services are designed to increase families' access to numerous child-serving sectors in order to target those risk factors. This study examined whether child and family risk factors at enrollment in an early childhood SOC predicted dosage, service recommendation, and usage of recommended services. METHODS Participants were 144 children ranging in age from 1.38 to 5.89 years and their caregivers. Families completed measures of child and caregiver functioning prior to participation in the SOC. Service recommendation and usage were measured at intake and three months, respectively. We used multiple regression analysis to examine the relationship between risk factors and dosage of services received. Logistic regression analyses identified the relationships between risk factors and service recommendation and usage according to specific service types within the SOC. RESULTS Children with greater behavior problems received more services overall (R2 = .103, β = .243, p = .033). Child risk factors predicted recommendation for child welfare (trauma exposure: O R ^ = 1.352 , p = .052) and mental health services (behavior problems: O R ^ = 1.061 , p = .034; trauma exposure: O R ^ = 1.316 , p = .046), whereas families with substance use issues were less likely to be recommended for mental health services ( O R ^ = .229 , p = .017). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight opportunities for improved service provision and service-level decision making in early childhood SOCs.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Gender differences in the relationship between parent drinking and adolescent drinking are poorly understood. As parental alcohol use is a primary early exposure to alcohol for adolescents, it is important to understand how consequences may differ for adolescent males and females. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper was to examine gender differences in the relationship between mother's and father's heavy episodic drinking, and its combination, and adolescent drinking. METHODS The sample included 2,800 14-15 year olds (48.9% female) living in two-parent households from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. The adolescent outcome measure was having had an alcoholic drink in the past year. Mothers and fathers self-reported their frequency of heavy episodic drinking. Covariates included parents' education, smoking, non-English-speaking background, and symptoms of psychological distress. Logistic regression was used to examine the hypotheses. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, both mothers' and fathers' heavy episodic drinking significantly increased the likelihood of adolescent drinking. Moreover, fathers' heavy drinking was more strongly related to adolescent drinking for girls. However, there were no gender differences in the relationship between mothers' drinking and adolescent drinking, and the combination of mothers' and fathers' drinking was not more risky than heavy drinking in either parent alone. CONCLUSIONS Parent heavy episodic drinking is a risk factor for adolescent drinking, after controlling for potential confounding variables. Results suggest that girls may be especially vulnerable to parent heavy drinking in early adolescence. This variation should be considered in the design and evaluation of family-based interventions to prevent adolescent drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Homel
- a Griffith Criminology Institute , Griffith University , Mount Gravatt, Queensland , Australia
| | - Diana Warren
- b Australian Institute of Family Studies , Southbank , Victoria , Australia
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Zemp M. [The interparental relationship in families with children with ADHD: Interactions between couple distress and child's symptoms]. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 2017; 46:285-297. [PMID: 29116874 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interparental relationship in families with children with ADHD: Interactions between couple distress and child's symptoms Abstract. The impact of the family in the development and maintenance of childhood ADHD is well established. However, previous research in this field focused largely on parenting and the quality of the parent-child relationship, whereas the role of the interparental relationship has been neglected. This review summarizes the current state of research on the interactions between a couple distress and their child's ADHD and discusses interparental conflict as a risk factor for the development of ADHS-related symptoms. Based on the present knowledge, an integrative model is postulated that assumes an interaction of genetic vulnerability for childhood ADHD and a couple distress. It depicts how distress in the interparental relationship may both directly and indirectly affect the etiology, maintenance, and/or amplification of childhood ADHD-related symptoms, which in turn affect the interparental relationship. The review highlights the significance of relationship distress prevention programs for couples to prevent adjustment problems in children, and the adequate consideration of couple conflict in diagnostics and therapy among families with children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zemp
- 1 Lehrstuhl für Klinische und Biologische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, Juniorprofessur für Kinder- und Jugendlichenpsychotherapie, Universität Mannheim, Mannheim
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Das Bhowmik A, Sarkar K, Ghosh P, Das M, Bhaduri N, Sarkar K, Ray A, Sinha S, Mukhopadhyay K. Significance of Dopaminergic Gene Variants in the Male Biasness of ADHD. J Atten Disord 2017; 21:200-208. [PMID: 23881560 DOI: 10.1177/1087054713494004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD is frequently detected in boys though there is no established cause. One possibility is that genes predisposing to ADHD have sexually dimorphic effects. With an aim to find out the reason for this male biasness, contribution of 14 functional polymorphisms was investigated in ADHD subjects. METHOD Genomic DNA of probands, their parents, and ethnically matched controls was subjected to analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms and variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs). RESULTS Case-control analysis revealed significant higher occurrence of DAT1 intron 8 VNTR "5R" allele ( p = .028), DBH rs1108580 "A" allele ( p = .027), and MAOA-u VNTR-rs6323 3R-T haplotype ( p = .007) in male probands. Family-based analysis showed significant preferential transmission of Dopamine receptor D4 exon 3 VNTR-rs1800955 7R-T haplotype from parents to male probands ( p = .008). Interaction between DBH gene variants and low enzymatic activity was also noticed, especially in male probands. CONCLUSION Data obtained may partly answer the male biasness of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneek Das Bhowmik
- 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.,2 Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Paramita Ghosh
- 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Manali Das
- 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Nipa Bhaduri
- 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India.,3 Chembiotek, TCG Life Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Keka Sarkar
- 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India
| | - Anirban Ray
- 4 Department of Psychiatry, Sammilani Medical College, Bankura, India
| | - Swagata Sinha
- 1 Manovikas Biomedical Research and Diagnostic Centre, Kolkata, India
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Kamarajan C, Porjesz B. Advances in Electrophysiological Research. Alcohol Res 2015; 37:53-87. [PMID: 26259089 PMCID: PMC4476604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological measures of brain function are effective tools to understand neurocognitive phenomena and sensitive indicators of pathophysiological processes associated with various clinical conditions, including alcoholism. Individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and their high-risk offspring have consistently shown dysfunction in several electrophysiological measures in resting state (i.e., electroencephalogram) and during cognitive tasks (i.e., event-related potentials and event-related oscillations). Researchers have recently developed sophisticated signal-processing techniques to characterize different aspects of brain dynamics, which can aid in identifying the neural mechanisms underlying alcoholism and other related complex disorders.These quantitative measures of brain function also have been successfully used as endophenotypes to identify and help understand genes associated with AUD and related disorders. Translational research also is examining how brain electrophysiological measures potentially can be applied to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although previous reports have found no birth-order influence on ADHD risk, the authors hypothesize that being the firstborn is a risk factor for developing ADHD. METHOD They selected all of the currently treated ADHD outpatients (n = 748) from our database. Families with adopted sons, nonnuclear families, and families with only one child and with sons (affected or unaffected) younger than 6 or older than 18 years were excluded. A total of 181 families with 213 ADHD sons met the inclusion criteria. We used all siblings without a clinical diagnosis of ADHD and who had no contact with our service as our unaffected controls (n = 173). RESULTS The bivariate analysis showed that ADHD was associated with birth order and that firstborn children had nearly twice the ADHD risk of children with other birth orders. CONCLUSION birth order can be an ADHD risk factor in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Masana Marín
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. Pere Mata Group, IISP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Fernando Lopez Seco
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. Pere Mata Group, IISP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Susana Martí Serrano
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. Pere Mata Group, IISP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Silvia Acosta García
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. Pere Mata Group, IISP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Ana Milena Gaviria Gómez
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. Pere Mata Group, IISP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Inti Ney
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centers. Pere Mata Group, IISP, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The authors characterized pre- and postnatal risk factors for ADHD among a population-based sample of 8-year-old children followed since birth (N = 604). METHOD Parents and teachers rated ADHD symptoms, including inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity. The authors reviewed pediatric medical records for history of an ADHD diagnosis, and parents reported ADHD medication use. The authors analyzed risk factors in relationship to outcomes using multivariable regression models. RESULTS Low paternal education, prenatal smoking, prenatal illicit drug use, maternal depression, and low Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment score were associated with greater risk for ADHD behaviors assessed via rating scale. Low income and being male were associated with ADHD diagnosis in medical records and ADHD medication use. CONCLUSION The authors found associations between socioeconomic, psychosocial, and prenatal exposures and ADHD-related behavior. Selection bias due to access to care and recall bias from inaccurate report of past exposures is minimized in this large, nonclinical, prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon K. Sagiv
- Boston University School of Public Health, MA, USA,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David C. Bellinger
- Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan A. Korrick
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Patrick ME, Schulenberg JE. Prevalence and predictors of adolescent alcohol use and binge drinking in the United States. Alcohol Res 2013; 35:193-200. [PMID: 24881328 PMCID: PMC3908711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Because alcohol use typically is initiated during adolescence and young adulthood and may have long-term consequences, the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study annually assesses various measures of alcohol use among 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students. These analyses have found that although alcohol use among these age groups overall has been declining since 1975, levels remain high. Thus, in 2011 about one-quarter of 8th graders, one-half of 10th graders, and almost two-thirds of 12th graders reported drinking alcohol in the month preceding the interview. Binge drinking (i.e., consumption of five or more drinks in a row) was also prevalent. Specific rates of drinking, binge drinking, and getting drunk varied among different student subgroups based on gender and race/ethnicity. The MTF study has also identified numerous factors that influence the risk of alcohol use among adolescents, including parents and peers, school and work, religiosity and community attachment, exercise and sports participation, externalizing behavior and other drug use, risk taking and sensation seeking, well-being, and drinking attitudes and reasons for alcohol use. Drinking during adolescence can have long-term effects on a person's life trajectory. Therefore, these findings have broad implications for prevention and intervention efforts with this population.
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Abstract
Research on parent risk factors, family environment, and familial involvement in the treatment of depression in children and adolescents is integrated, providing an update to prior reviews on the topic. First, the psychosocial parent and family factors associated with youth depression are examined. The literature indicates that a broad array of parent and family factors is associated with youth risk for depression, ranging from parental pathology to parental cognitive style to family emotional climate. Next, treatment approaches for youth depression that have been empirically tested are described and then summarized in terms of their level of parent inclusion, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and family systems approaches. Families have mostly not been incorporated into clinical treatment research with depressed adolescents, with only 32% of treatments including parents in treatment in any capacity. Nonetheless, the overall effectiveness of treatments that involve children and adolescents exclusively is very similar to that of treatments that include parents as agents or facilitators of change. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings and directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janay B Sander
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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