1
|
Segal NL. From the Library of the Late Irving I. Gottesman: Memories and Treasures/Twin Research Reviews: Twin Study of Callous-Unemotional Traits; Depressive Symptoms in Prospective Chinese Twin Mothers; Twins With Sagittal Suture Craniosynostosis; Creative Expressiveness and Educational Achievement/Media Reports: Male-Female Twin Holocaust Survivors; Nontuplets Born in Mali; Indian Twins Marry Same Man; Twins Born From Longest-Frozen Embryos; Infant Twin Abduction; Twins Born in Different Years. Twin Res Hum Genet 2023; 26:127-132. [PMID: 36924387 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2023.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The experience of going through the personal library of our late esteemed twin research colleague, Dr Irving I. Gottesman, is described. I came away with fond memories and unexpected treasures. This essay is followed by brief reviews of timely research on factors affecting callous-unemotional traits, depressive symptoms in prospective Chinese twin mothers, twins with sagittal suture craniosynostosis, and creative expressiveness and educational achievement. Media reports on informative topics of interest to researchers and the general public include male-female twin Holocaust survivors, nontuplets born in Mali, Indian twins who married the same man, twins born from the longest frozen embryos, an infant twin abduction and twins born in different years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Segal
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- Leon Hoffman
- Pacella Research Center, New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, New York, New York
| | - Lois Oppenheim
- Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey
- New York Psychoanalytic Society and Institute, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
|
4
|
Abstract
There is no doubt that it was the work of one man, Alexis Carrel, which laid the foundations of modern organ transplantation. Working first in his native city of Lyons, then in Chicago and finally at the Rockefeller Institute New York, he developed the techniques of successful anastomosis of blood vessels, using extremely fine silk sutures and tiny needles. As early as 1892, he successfully grafted a kidney into the neck of a dog. He was soon able to demonstrate that, although a dog's kidney transplanted into its own neck could survive, even when the opposite kidney was excised, transplant of a kidney to another animal would fail after a few days. Further experiments included transplantation of other organs, including ovary, thyroid, lower limb and heart. In 1914 he wrote to fellow Nobel Prize winning Swiss surgeon, Theodor Kocher about his experiments; "Concerning homoplastic transplantation (from one animal to another) of organs such as the kidney, I have never found positive results to continue after a few months, whereas ir autoplastic transplants the results were always positive. The biological side of the question has to be investigated very much more and we must find out by what means to prevent the reaction of the organism against a new organ" (my italics). This, in fact, was going to occupy the next half century of worldwide research!
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Chin Jou
- From the Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
We begin this special issue by providing a glimpse into the career of Dr. Lindon J. Eaves, from the perspectives of a student, postdoc, instructor, assistant to associate and full professor over the last 20 odd years. We focus primarily on Lindon's contributions to methodological issues and research designs to address them, in particular those related to models for extended twin-family designs, for the development of adolescent behavior, for genotype-environment covariation and interaction, and their application to the Virginia 30,000 and the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. We then introduce the collection of papers in this special festschrift issue of Behavior Genetics, celebrating Dr. Eaves achievements over the last 40 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermine H M Maes
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, PO Box 980003, Richmond, VA, 23298-0003, USA,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
We understand metahistory as an approach that studies how histories within a particular discipline have been written and focus on insider scientists' reconstructions of twin research. Using the concept of ethical-political affordances we suggest that such histories are based on a management of resources that prove to be beneficial for representing one's own research traditions in a positive light. Instead of discussing information on the context and intellectual life of pioneers of the twin method, which include high-caliber eugenicists and Nazi ideologues, and on how the twin method has been used and abused, insider scientists' accounts present twin research as neutral, objective and void of any kind of political connotations. We show how important leaders of German twin research have been historically managed, and how their contributions have been distorted and omitted. Reasons for historical revisionism by omission and for selectively revised accounts of the past are discussed. Suggestions for writing accounts of the twin method are included and focus on the necessity of self-reflection, considerations regarding one's own ethical-political inclinations, and review of the existing historical literature. In analyzing these connections, we attempt to understand how science, politics and history interact.
Collapse
|
8
|
Braund J, Sutton DG. The case of Heinrich Wilhelm Poll (1877-1939): a German-Jewish geneticist, eugenicist, twin researcher, and victim of the Nazis. J Hist Biol 2008; 41:1-35. [PMID: 19048794 DOI: 10.1007/s10739-007-9122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper uses a reconstruction of the life and career of Heinrich Poll as a window into developments and professional relationships in the biological sciences in Germany in the period from the beginning of the twentieth century to the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. Poll's intellectual work involved an early transition from morphometric physical anthropology to comparative evolutionary studies, and also found expression in twin research--a field in which he was an acknowledged early pioneer. His advocacy of eugenics led to participation in state-sponsored committees convened to advise on social policy, one of which debated sterilisation and made recommendations that led eventually to the establishment of the notorious Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology, Human Heredity and Eugenics. However, his status as a prominent geneticist and, in particular, as a eugenicist had an ironic and ultimately tragic dimension. Heinrich Poll was of Jewish birth, and this resulted in his career being destroyed by an application of the population policies he had helped put in place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Braund
- Department of German and Slavonic Studies, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaplan J, Sulloway FJ. How to inherit IQ: an exchange. New York Rev Books 2007; 54:56. [PMID: 17345666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
|
10
|
Abstract
This article profiles the historical twin databases of the secondary education school attached to the Faculty of Education at the University of Tokyo. The school was established in 1948. Every year, about 50 pairs of twins of all sex and zygosity combinations and aged 11 to 12 years take an examination, and about 10 to 20 pairs are admitted based on the results. Three independent datasets exist: one for applicants (11-12 years), one for students (12-18 years), and one for graduates (18-72 years). These three historical databases and research perspectives are introduced herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syuichi Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Tsu 7-1 Nakanuma, Kahoku, Ishikawa 929-1212, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Segal NL. Revisited: the New York Child Development Center Twin Study. Twin Res Hum Genet 2007; 9:1040-41. [PMID: 17254448 DOI: 10.1375/183242706779462589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Segal
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Abstract
The nature and frequency of quadruplet births are reviewed, followed by a close-up look at the 6-year-old monozygotic Mathias quadruplets. This essay is followed by reviews of new twin research on color-number association, male-female twins' finger-length ratios, and links between twinning and dietary practices. The article finishes by focusing on unusual twin athletes in football, basketball and golf, and on twin co-authors of a new book on the 1972 silver medal victory by the United States hockey team.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Segal
- Department of Psychology, California State University, United States of America,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
This article estimates the number of monozygotic twins raised apart (MZA) potentially available to Cyril Burt in his twin studies. It concludes that between 77,000 and 88,000 monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs would have been born and survived to the age of ten in the relevant period in England and Wales, and that between 750 and 1,750 surviving pairs are likely to have been separated during childhood. Burt's claim to have collected 53 MZA pairs is therefore not inherently implausible. However, when all the other constraints on Burt's studies are taken into account, his numbers are problematic. There are also serious difficulties with his claim to have studied 12 pairs born to middle-class parents. It is highly improbable that Burt could have located a majority of these cases through personal contacts as he claimed.
Collapse
|
15
|
Liew SHM, Elsner H, Spector TD, Hammond CJ. The first "classical" twin study? Analysis of refractive error using monozygotic and dizygotic twins published in 1922. Twin Res Hum Genet 2005; 8:198-200. [PMID: 15989747 DOI: 10.1375/1832427054253158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The first classical twin studies, recognizing the potential of comparing findings in identical twins, have previously been reported to be those by Siemens and by Merriman, both published in 1924. However, we would like to bring to attention a study performed by Walter Jablonski, 2 years earlier (1922), investigating the contribution of heredity to refraction in human eyes. Jablonski examined the eyes of 52 twin pairs and by comparing the size of within-pair differences between identical and nonidentical twins was able to infer the heritability of a trait. Therefore, this is likely to be the first reported classical twin study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Hui M Liew
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Perlman LM, Segal NL. Memories of the Child Development Center study of adopted monozygotic twins reared apart: an unfulfilled promise. Twin Res Hum Genet 2005; 8:271-81. [PMID: 15989756 DOI: 10.1375/1832427054253040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
|
17
|
Abstract
The Danish Twin Registry was established formally in 1954 and thus celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2004. Here we give an account of its founding and the early years, and a brief summary of more recent progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bent Harvald
- The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Department Of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Parisi P. Twin research, and its multiple births and expressions: a short, personal voyage through its scope, history, and organization. Twin Res 2004; 7:309-17. [PMID: 15193162 DOI: 10.1375/136905204774200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The notion of twins and twinning involves a multiplicity of meanings and contexts that altogether encompass an unexpectedly wide and significant part of human experience, culture, and endeavor. This cultural polysemy is, to some extent, also an attribute of twin research, which has structured itself around a multiplicity of scientific areas of enquiry, and across time, throughout a multiplicity of births and rebirths, periodically declining and resurging as a phoenix from its ashes. What is proposed is a short voyage through this polysemy and phoenixity of twinning and twin research, and through the structuring process that has accompanied its developments, international scope, and organization. No claim to completeness, but an attempt to dig into personal memory and experience, and share some recollections of the main steps of the process, and particularly the evolution of the journal, the society, the international meetings, and their role in supporting the area's persistence and continuous revivals and adaptations until today.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Parisi
- Rome University of Movement Sciences (IUSM), Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Segal NL. Behaviour genetic principles--development, personality, and psychopathology: a Festschrift in honour of Prof. Irving I. Gottesman. June 8-9, 2001, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN, USA. Twin Res 2001; 4:275-84. [PMID: 11665308 DOI: 10.1375/1369052012407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
21
|
Lidberg L. [Erik Essen-Möller and his era]. Lakartidningen 2000; 97:5805. [PMID: 11188041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Lidberg
- Sektionen för rättspsykiatri, Karolinska institutet, Stockholm
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- P Parisi
- Human Biology Center, Rome University Institute of Movement Sciences (IUSM), Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lorenzi F. [A brief history of twin study methods]. Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma) 1998; 46:231-9. [PMID: 9862011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F Lorenzi
- Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche Fisiche e Naturali, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The Burt controversy has taken a number of strange twists and turns, leading many observers to conclude that he has been exonerated of the accusation that he fabricated his data on monozygotic twins reared apart. A comparison of his twin sample with that from other well documented studies, however, leaves little doubt that he committed fraud.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Tucker
- Rutgers University, Camden, NJ 08102, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Galton DJ, Galton CJ. Francis Galton: his approach to polygenic disease. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1997; 31:570-3. [PMID: 9429197 PMCID: PMC5420964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gregor Mendel is considered to be the founding father of modern genetics, and his laws of inheritance have led to the successful analysis of rare monogenic diseases such as cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, familial hypercholesterolaemia, and many others. Francis Galton chose multifactorial inheritance as his starting point, and his methods of analysis have withstood the test of time. He used detailed family records to study the inherited tendency of complex traits between parents and offspring, and between identical and non-identical twins to refine the analysis, and devised new statistics to attempt to measure the extent of inheritance. For all these reasons, he can be considered the founding father of quantitative genetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Galton
- Department of Medicine, St Bartholomew's Hospital
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
von Verschuer O. Hereditary biological research. 1927. Obes Res 1994; 2:624-9. [PMID: 16355522 DOI: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1994.tb00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
|