1
|
Farrukh A, Nayab S. Shape Memory Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Gels 2024; 10:270. [PMID: 38667689 PMCID: PMC11049586 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of shape memory polymers to change shape upon external stimulation makes them exceedingly useful in various areas, from biomedical engineering to soft robotics. Especially, shape memory hydrogels (SMHs) are well-suited for biomedical applications due to their inherent biocompatibility, excellent shape morphing performance, tunable physiochemical properties, and responsiveness to a wide range of stimuli (e.g., thermal, chemical, electrical, light). This review provides an overview of the unique features of smart SMHs from their fundamental working mechanisms to types of SMHs classified on the basis of applied stimuli and highlights notable clinical applications. Moreover, the potential of SMHs for surgical, biomedical, and tissue engineering applications is discussed. Finally, this review summarizes the current challenges in synthesizing and fabricating reconfigurable hydrogel-based interfaces and outlines future directions for their potential in personalized medicine and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sana Nayab
- Institute of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bogdanov G, Chatterjee A, Makeeva N, Farrukh A, Gorodetsky AA. Squid leucophore-inspired engineering of optically dynamic human cells. iScience 2023; 26:106854. [PMID: 37519901 PMCID: PMC10372739 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods (e.g., squids, octopuses, and cuttlefishes) possess remarkable dynamic camouflage abilities and therefore have emerged as powerful sources of inspiration for the engineering of dynamic optical technologies. Within this context, we have focused on the development of engineered living systems that can emulate the tunable optical characteristics of some squid skin cells. Herein, we expand our ability to controllably incorporate reflectin-based structures within mammalian cells via genetic engineering methods, and demonstrate that such structures can facilitate holotomographic and standard microscopy imaging of the cells. Moreover, we show that the reflectin-based structures within our cells can be reconfigured with a straightforward chemical stimulus, and we quantify the stimulus-induced changes observed for the structures at the single cell level. The reported findings may enable a better understanding of the color- and appearance-changing capabilities of some cephalopod skin cells and could afford opportunities for reflectins as molecular probes in the fields of cell biology and biomedical optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgii Bogdanov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Atrouli Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Nataliya Makeeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. Khan v Meadows [2021] UKSC 21 and its potential impact on clinical negligence cases. Med Leg J 2023; 91:23-25. [PMID: 35624539 DOI: 10.1177/00258172221077733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Khan v Meadows, which was decided recently by the Supreme Court, will have a profound effect on day-to-day clinical practice and future clinical negligence cases. It has clarified the scope of duty of care and to a significant extent links it to the questions being asked by patients of their doctors and by doctors of their colleagues. Will courts now consider that when a patient consults a doctor, he or she is seeking an answer to a specific question or a more general question hidden within that specific question? Clearly the onus will be on clinicians to define exactly what is wanted by the patient or by a colleague.
Collapse
|
4
|
Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. NHS Trust Boards and Health and Well-being Boards: Do they play any role in the management of disparate levels of care for South Asian patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Ulster Med J 2023; 92:38-42. [PMID: 36762141 PMCID: PMC9899024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Aims There is evidence of disparate levels of care for members of ethnic minority communities with inflammatory bowel disease in various NHS Trusts and Health Boards in England and Scotland. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was any association between the existence of disparate levels of care and the ethnic composition of the management boards of NHS Trusts and Health Boards. It also examined the ethnic composition of Health and Wellbeing Boards associated with these Trusts in England. Method NHS Trusts in England and Health Boards in Scotland, which had been involved in previous studies of disparate levels of care, were identified through a review of the relevant published papers. Health and Wellbeing Boards associated with these Trusts were then identified. Executive and non-executive membership of the NHS Trust, Health Boards and Health and Wellbeing Boards was determined through scrutiny of their web pages. Results The proportion of Asians, who were executive officers, was significantly lower than the proportion who were non-executive board members both for trusts who offered disparate care (z = 2.22; p < 0.03) and those which did not (z = 2.24; p < 0.03). There was no significant difference in the proportion of Asians who were non-executive board members between the two types of trust. The proportion of ethnic minority members of English Health and Well-Being Boards, where there was evidence of disparate levels of care received by South Asian patients was significantly greater than on Boards where this was not the case. (z = 2.8. p < 0.005). Conclusions The relation of these findings to disparate levels of care is unclear. However, it may point to a culture of tokenism, where either the members are not truly representative of underserved communities or they are unable to have any influence on local policy decisions. In either case there is an urgent need to develop better links with minority communities who are underserved so that issues can be effectively identified and remedied.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nair RV, Farrukh A, del Campo A. Light-Regulated Angiogenesis via a Phototriggerable VEGF Peptidomimetic. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100488. [PMID: 34110713 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The application of growth factor based therapies in regenerative medicine is limited by the high cost, fast degradation kinetics, and the multiple functions of these molecules in the cell, which requires regulated delivery to minimize side effects. Here a photoactivatable peptidomimetic of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that allows the light-controlled presentation of angiogenic signals to endothelial cells embedded in hydrogel matrices is presented. A photoresponsive analog of the 15-mer peptidomimetic Ac-KLTWQELYQLKYKGI-NH2 (abbreviated P QK) is prepared by introducing a 3-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)-2-butyl (DMNPB) photoremovable protecting group at the Trp4 residue. This modification inhibits the angiogenic potential of the peptide temporally. Light exposure of P QK modified hydrogels provide instructive cues to embedded endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis at the illuminated sites of the 3D culture, with the possibility of spatial control. P QK modified photoresponsive biomaterials offer an attractive approach for the dosed delivery and spatial control of pro-angiogenic factors to support regulated vascular growth by just using light as an external trigger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshna V. Nair
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- INM − Leibniz Institute for New Materials Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
- Chemistry Department Saarland University Saarbrücken 66123 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Escolano JC, Taubenberger AV, Abuhattum S, Schweitzer C, Farrukh A, Del Campo A, Bryant CE, Guck J. Compliant Substrates Enhance Macrophage Cytokine Release and NLRP3 Inflammasome Formation During Their Pro-Inflammatory Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:639815. [PMID: 33855019 PMCID: PMC8039395 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.639815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells process a myriad of biochemical signals but their function and behavior are also determined by mechanical cues. Macrophages are no exception to this. Being present in all types of tissues, macrophages are exposed to environments of varying stiffness, which can be further altered under pathological conditions. While it is becoming increasingly clear that macrophages are mechanosensitive, it remains poorly understood how mechanical cues modulate their inflammatory response. Here we report that substrate stiffness influences the expression of pro-inflammatory genes and the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, leading to changes in the secreted protein levels of the cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Using polyacrylamide hydrogels of tunable elastic moduli between 0.2 and 33.1 kPa, we found that bone marrow-derived macrophages adopted a less spread and rounder morphology on compliant compared to stiff substrates. Upon LPS priming, the expression levels of the gene encoding for TNF-α were higher on more compliant hydrogels. When additionally stimulating macrophages with the ionophore nigericin, we observed an enhanced formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, increased levels of cell death, and higher secreted protein levels of IL-1β and IL-6 on compliant substrates. The upregulation of inflammasome formation on compliant substrates was not primarily attributed to the decreased cell spreading, since spatially confining cells on micropatterns led to a reduction of inflammasome-positive cells compared to well-spread cells. Finally, interfering with actomyosin contractility diminished the differences in inflammasome formation between compliant and stiff substrates. In summary, we show that substrate stiffness modulates the pro-inflammatory response of macrophages, that the NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the components affected by macrophage mechanosensing, and a role for actomyosin contractility in this mechanosensory response. Thus, our results contribute to a better understanding of how microenvironment stiffness affects macrophage behavior, which might be relevant in diseases where tissue stiffness is altered and might potentially provide a basis for new strategies to modulate inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan-Carles Escolano
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna V Taubenberger
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christine Schweitzer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM - Leibniz-Institut für Neue Materialien, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Zhao R, Li B, Farrukh A, Hoth M, Qu B, Del Campo A. Micropatterned soft hydrogels to study the interplay of receptors and forces in T cell activation. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:234-246. [PMID: 33099024 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of T cell responses to mechanical properties of antigen presenting cells (APC) is experimentally challenging at T cell-APC interfaces. Soft hydrogels with adjustable mechanical properties and biofunctionalization are useful reductionist models to address this problem. Here, we report a methodology to fabricate micropatterned soft hydrogels with defined stiffness to form spatially confined T cell/hydrogel contact interfaces at micrometer scale. Using automatized microcontact printing we prepared arrays of anti-CD3 microdots on poly(acrylamide) hydrogels with Young's Modulus in the range of 2 to 50 kPa. We optimized the printing process to obtain anti-CD3 microdots with constant area (50 µm2, corresponding to 8 µm diameter) and comparable anti-CD3 density on hydrogels of different stiffness. The anti-CD3 arrays were recognized by T cells and restricted cell attachment to the printed areas. To test functionality of the hydrogel-T cell contact, we analyzed several key events downstream of T cell receptor (TCR) activation. Anti-CD3 arrays on hydrogels activated calcium influx, induced rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, and led to Zeta-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70) phosphorylation. Interestingly, upon increase in the stiffness, ZAP70 phosphorylation was enhanced, whereas the rearrangements of F-actin (F-actin clearance) and phosphorylated ZAP70 (ZAP70/pY centralization) were unaffected. Our results show that micropatterned hydrogels allow tuning of stiffness and receptor presentation to analyze TCR mediated T cell activation as function of mechanical, biochemical, and geometrical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zhang
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Renping Zhao
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, 66421 Germany
| | - Bin Li
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, 66421 Germany
| | - Bin Qu
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Saarland University, Homburg, 66421 Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Paez JI, Farrukh A, Valbuena-Mendoza R, Włodarczyk-Biegun MK, Del Campo A. Thiol-Methylsulfone-Based Hydrogels for 3D Cell Encapsulation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:8062-8072. [PMID: 31999422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-maleimide and thiol-vinylsulfone cross-linked hydrogels are widely used systems in 3D culture models, in spite of presenting uncomfortable reaction kinetics for cell encapsulation: too fast (seconds for thiol-maleimide) or too slow (minutes-hours for thiol-vinylsulfone). Here, we introduce the thiol-methylsulfone reaction as alternative cross-linking chemistry for cell encapsulation, particularized for PEG-hydrogels. The thiol-methylsulfone reaction occurs at high conversion and at intermediate reaction speed (seconds-minutes) under physiological pH range. These properties allow easy mixing of hydrogel precursors and cells to render homogeneous cell-laden gels at comfortable experimental time scales. The resulting hydrogels are cytocompatible and show comparable hydrolytic stability to thiol-vinylsulfone gels. They allow direct bioconjugation of thiol-derivatized ligands and tunable degradation kinetics by cross-linking with degradable peptide sequences. 3D cell culture of two cell types, fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta I Paez
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2-2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2-2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Rocío Valbuena-Mendoza
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2-2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Saarland University , Chemistry Department , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | | | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2-2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Saarland University , Chemistry Department , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mashaly AM, Al-Ajmi RA, Rady A, Al-Musawi Z, Farrukh A. Species richness of scavenger insects on different carcass types. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:630-639. [PMID: 33597485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The type and amount of resources available significantly influences the structure and dynamics of food webs. In this study, we analyzed differences in species richness of scavengers based on carcass type in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. We collected insects from experimental carcasses of three different types, domestic dogs (Canidae, Canis lupus familiaris), Hijazi goats (Bovidae, Capra aegagrus hircus), and camels (Camelidae, Camelus dromedarius). Data collection was conducted during the decay stage in June, 2016. We used mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) barcodes as a marker for the molecular identification of the scavenger insects. The results showed that there were more insects on the camels and goats than the dogs. In total, seven species were found on all carrions. Six species were found on the camels and goats, but only five were found on the dog. Musca domestica was the most collected species of flies whereas, Necrobia rufipes was the most collected species of beetles. Overall, this study showed that carrion type had an effect on the type and number of insects attracted to the carrions. Thus, one of the significant factors that influence the associated scavenger assemblage is a carcass type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Mashaly
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - R A Al-Ajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Rady
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Al-Musawi
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Farrukh
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, P.O. Box 2455, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Farrukh A, Zhao S, Paez JI, Kavyanifar A, Salierno M, Cavalié A, Del Campo A. In Situ, Light-Guided Axon Growth on Biomaterials via Photoactivatable Laminin Peptidomimetic IK(HANBP)VAV. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:41129-41137. [PMID: 30387978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b15517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ability to guide the growth of neurites is relevant for reconstructing neural networks and for nerve tissue regeneration. Here, a biofunctional hydrogel that allows light-based directional control of axon growth in situ is presented. The gel is covalently modified with a photoactivatable derivative of the short laminin peptidomimetic IKVAV. This adhesive peptide contains the photoremovable group 2-(4'-amino-4-nitro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)propan-1-ol (HANBP) on the Lys rest that inhibits its activity. The modified peptide is highly soluble in water and can be simply conjugated to -COOH containing hydrogels via its terminal -NH2 group. Light exposure allows presentation of the IKVAV adhesive motif on a soft hydrogel at desired concentration and at defined position and time point. The photoactivated gel supports neurite outgrowth in embryonic neural progenitor cells culture and allows site-selective guidance of neurites extension. In situ exposure of cell cultures using a scanning laser allows outgrowth of neurites in desired pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center , Forum Universitatis 2 , Building 1111, 55122 Mainz , Germany
| | - Shifang Zhao
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Julieta I Paez
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Atria Kavyanifar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry , University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University , Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry , University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University , Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19 , D-55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Adolfo Cavalié
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology , Saarland University , 66421 Homburg , Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials , Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Optoregulated biointerfaces offer the possibility to manipulate the interactions between cell membrane receptors and the extracellular space. This Invited Feature Article summarizes recent efforts by our group and others during the past decade to develop light-responsive biointerfaces to stimulate cells and elicit cellular responses using photocleavable protecting groups (PPG) as our working tool. This article begins by providing a brief introduction to available PPGs, with a special focus on the widely used o-nitrobenzyl family, followed by an overview of molecular design principles for the control of bioactivity in the context of cell-material interactions and the characterization methods to use in following the photoreaction at surfaces. We present various light-guided cellular processes using PPGs, including cell adhesion, release, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, this Invited Feature Article closes with our perspective on the current status and future challenges of this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Zheng
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2 , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
- Chemistry Department , Saarland University , 66123 Saarbrücken , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Farrukh A, Fan W, Zhao S, Salierno M, Paez JI, del Campo A. Cover Feature: Photoactivatable Adhesive Ligands for Light-Guided Neuronal Growth (ChemBioChem 12/2018). Chembiochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Max Planck Graduate Center; Forum Universitatis 2; Building 1111 55122 Mainz Germany
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg; Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Shifang Zhao
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarland University; Chemistry Department; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg; Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19 55128 Mainz Germany
- INIBIOMA; CRUB; Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Quintral 1250 8400 S.C. Bariloche Argentina
| | - Julieta I. Paez
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarland University; Chemistry Department; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Roshna V. Nair
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials; Campus D2 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Chemistry Department; Saarland University; Campus C4 2 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Farrukh A, Fan W, Zhao S, Salierno M, Paez JI, Del Campo A. Photoactivatable Adhesive Ligands for Light-Guided Neuronal Growth. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1271-1279. [PMID: 29633466 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-regeneration after trauma requires growth and reconnection of neurons to reestablish information flow in particular directions across the damaged tissue. To support this process, biomaterials for nerve tissue regeneration need to provide spatial information to adhesion receptors on the cell membrane and to provide directionality to growing neurites. Here, photoactivatable adhesive peptides based on the CASIKVAVSADR laminin peptidomimetic are presented and applied to spatiotemporal control of neuronal growth to biomaterials in vitro. The introduction of a photoremovable group [6-nitroveratryl (NVOC), 3-(4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrophenyl)butan-2-yl (DMNPB), or 2,2'-((3'-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-4'-nitro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)azanediyl)bis(ethan-1-ol) (HANBP)] at the amino terminal group of the K residue temporally inhibited the activity of the peptide. The bioactivity was regained through controlled light exposure. When used in neuronal culture substrates, the peptides allowed light-based control of the attachment and differentiation of neuronal cells. Site-selective irradiation activated adhesion and differentiation cues and guided seeded neurons to grow in predefined patterns. This is the first demonstration of ligand-based light-controlled interaction between neuronal cells and biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck Graduate Center, Forum Universitatis 2, Building 1111, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shifang Zhao
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarland University, Chemistry Department, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,INIBIOMA, CRUB, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400, S.C. Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Julieta I Paez
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Saarland University, Chemistry Department, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Engineering novel biomaterials that mimic closer in vivo scenarios requires the simple and quantitative incorporation of multiple instructive signals to gain a higher level of control and complexity at the cell-matrix interface. Poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) gels are very popular among biology labs as 2D model substrates with defined biochemical and mechanical properties. These gels are cost effective, easy to prepare, reproducible, and available in a wide range of stiffness. However, their functionalization with bioactive ligands (cell adhesive proteins or peptides, growth factors, etc.) in a controlled and functional fashion is not trivial; therefore reproducible and trustable protocols are needed. Amine or thiol groups are ubiquitous in natural or synthetic peptides, proteins, and dyes, and hence routinely used as handles for their immobilization on biomaterials.We describe here the preparation of mechanically defined (0.5-100 kPa, range that approximates the stiffness of most tissues in nature), thin PAAm-based hydrogels supported on a glass substrate and covalently functionalized with amine- or thiol-containing bioligands via simple, robust, and effective protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta I Paez
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Aleeza Farrukh
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Oya Ustahüseyin
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Chemistry Department, Saarland University, Saarland, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Farrukh A, Ortega F, Fan W, Marichal N, Paez JI, Berninger B, Campo AD, Salierno MJ. Bifunctional Hydrogels Containing the Laminin Motif IKVAV Promote Neurogenesis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1432-1440. [PMID: 28988991 PMCID: PMC5829305 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering of biomaterials with specific biological properties has gained momentum as a means to control stem cell behavior. Here, we address the effect of bifunctionalized hydrogels comprising polylysine (PL) and a 19-mer peptide containing the laminin motif IKVAV (IKVAV) on embryonic and adult neuronal progenitor cells under different stiffness regimes. Neuronal differentiation of embryonic and adult neural progenitors was accelerated by adjusting the gel stiffness to 2 kPa and 20 kPa, respectively. While gels containing IKVAV or PL alone failed to support long-term cell adhesion, in bifunctional gels, IKVAV synergized with PL to promote differentiation and formation of focal adhesions containing β1-integrin in embryonic cortical neurons. Furthermore, in adult neural stem cell culture, bifunctionalized gels promoted neurogenesis via the expansion of neurogenic clones. These data highlight the potential of synthetic matrices to steer stem and progenitor cell behavior via defined mechano-adhesive properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Felipe Ortega
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department IV, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; Institute of Neurochemistry (IUIN), 28040 Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicolás Marichal
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julieta I Paez
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aránzazu Del Campo
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Saarland University, Campus Saarbrücken D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcelo J Salierno
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Farrukh A, Paez JI, Salierno M, Fan W, Berninger B, del Campo A. Bifunctional Poly(acrylamide) Hydrogels through Orthogonal Coupling Chemistries. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:906-913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken. Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Julieta I. Paez
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken. Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Focus
Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck strasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenqiang Fan
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Focus
Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck strasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Benedikt Berninger
- Institute
of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Hanns-Dieter-Hüsch-Weg 19, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Focus
Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeck strasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- INM—Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken. Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alajmi RA, AlGhufaili H, Farrukh A, Aljohani H, Mashaly AMA. First Report of Necrophagous Insects on Human Corpses in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Med Entomol 2016; 53:1276-1282. [PMID: 27452291 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Necrophagous species of insects provide useful complementary data to estimate the postmortem interval in forensic cases. Here, for the first time, we report on insect specimens collected from human corpses in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. During the study, 14 beetle larvae were collected from the outdoor corpse (case report one) and five flies and seven beetles were collected from the indoor corpse (case report two). Sequencing was performed to study the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as the prospective basis of an identification technique. The sequencing focused on a section of the cytochrome oxidase I encoding region of mtDNA. Two beetle species, Dermestes frischii (Kugelann) and Dermestes maculatus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and one fly species, Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), were identified. These results will be instrumental in the implementation of a Saudi database of forensically relevant insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
| | - H AlGhufaili
- Medico Legal Center, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - A Farrukh
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
| | - H Aljohani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
| | - A M A Mashaly
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (; ; ; )
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, 61519 El Minia, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Farrukh A, Paez JI, Salierno M, del Campo A. Bioconjugating Thiols to Poly(acrylamide) Gels for Cell Culture Using Methylsulfonyl Co-monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials.; Campus D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Julieta I. Paez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials.; Campus D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials.; Campus D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarland University; Campus Saarbrücken D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Farrukh A, Paez JI, Salierno M, del Campo A. Bioconjugating Thiols to Poly(acrylamide) Gels for Cell Culture Using Methylsulfonyl Co-monomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:2092-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials.; Campus D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Julieta I. Paez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials.; Campus D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Marcelo Salierno
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials.; Campus D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
- Saarland University; Campus Saarbrücken D2 2; 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zare B, Mayberry JF, Farrukh A. Re-audit of patient information about the ethanol content of anaesthetic sprays used in gastroscopies. Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2015; 78:353-354. [PMID: 26448424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
22
|
Farrukh A, Mayberry J. Apparent discrimination in the provision of biologic therapy to patients with Crohn's disease according to ethnicity. Public Health 2015; 129:460-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Farrukh A, Ashraf F, Kaltbeitzel A, Ling X, Wagner M, Duran H, Ghaffar A, ur Rehman H, Parekh SH, Domke KF, Yameen B. Polymer brush functionalized SiO2 nanoparticle based Nafion nanocomposites: a novel avenue to low-humidity proton conducting membranes. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00514k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brush grafted SiO2 NPs provide Nafion nanocomposite membranes with superior proton conductivities at ambient and moderately high temperatures over the entire range of relative humidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| | - Fatima Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Engineering and Technology Lahore
- Pakistan
| | | | - Xiao Ling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Hatice Duran
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology
- 06560 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Abdul Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Engineering and Technology Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - Habib ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| | | | | | - Basit Yameen
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Butt A, Farrukh A, Ghaffar A, Duran H, Oluz Z, ur Rehman H, Hussain T, Ahmad R, Tahir A, Yameen B. Design of enzyme-immobilized polymer brush-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for efficient nematicidal activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic nematodes adversely affect agricultural industry and global health. An efficient and reusable nematicidal platform is developed by immobilization enzyme on the surface of magnetic NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Butt
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| | - A. Farrukh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - A. Ghaffar
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Engineering and Technology
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - H. Duran
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology
- 06560 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - Z. Oluz
- Department of Materials Science & Nanotechnology Engineering
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology
- 06560 Ankara
- Turkey
| | - H. ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| | - T. Hussain
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP)
- GC University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - R. Ahmad
- The Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics (CASP)
- GC University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - A. Tahir
- Department of Environmental Sciences
- Lahore College for Women University
- Lahore
- Pakistan
| | - B. Yameen
- Department of Chemistry
- SBA School of Science and Engineering
- Lahore University of Management Sciences
- Lahore-54792
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
AIM In recent years, microscopic colitis has been increasingly diagnosed. This review was carried out to evaluate demographic factors for microscopic colitis and to perform a systematic assessment of available treatment options. METHOD Relevant publications up to December 2013 were identified following searches of PubMed and Google Scholar using the key words 'microscopic colitis', 'collagenous colitis' and 'lymphocytic colitis'. Two-hundred and forty-eight articles were identified. RESULTS The term microscopic colitis includes lymphocytic colitis and collagenous colitis. Both have common clinical symptoms but are well defined histopathologically. The clinical course is usually benign, but serious complications, including death, may occur. A peak incidence from 60 to 70 years of age with a female preponderance is observed. Although most cases are idiopathic, associations with autoimmune disorders, such as coeliac disease and hypothyroidism, as well as with exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and proton-pump inhibitors, have been observed. The incidence and prevalence of microscopic colitis is rising and good-quality epidemiological research is needed. Treatment is currently largely based on anecdotal evidence and on results from limited clinical trials of budesonide. Long-term follow-up of these patients is not well established. CONCLUSION The review synthesizes work on the definition of microscopic colitis and the relationship between collagenous and lymphocytic colitis. It reviews the international epidemiology and work on aetiology. In addition, it critically considers the efficacy of a range of treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Digestive Disease Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yousaf A, Farrukh A, Oluz Z, Tuncel E, Duran H, Doğan SY, Tekinay T, Rehman HU, Yameen B. UV-light assisted single step route to functional PEEK surfaces. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Nayab S, Farrukh A, Oluz Z, Tuncel E, Tariq SR, ur Rahman H, Kirchhoff K, Duran H, Yameen B. Design and fabrication of branched polyamine functionalized mesoporous silica: an efficient absorbent for water remediation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:4408-17. [PMID: 24564236 DOI: 10.1021/am500123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel branched polyamine (polyethyleneimine, PEI) functionalized mesoporous silica (MS) adsorbent is developed via a facile "grafting-to" approach. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy verified the effective surface functionalization of MS with monolayer and polymer. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to reveal the morphology of the fabricated materials. The adsorption behavior of the polyamine functionalized mesoporous silica (MS-PEI) is assessed against anionic dyes. The adsorbent characteristics of MS-PEI are compared with a monolayer platform comprising of 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane (APTES) functionalized mesoporous silica (MS-APTES). The adsorption behavior of the MS-PEI and MS-APTES toward anionic dyes is further evaluated by studying the effect of adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and temperature. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models are employed to understand the adsorption mechanism. The obtained kinetic data support a pseudo-second-order adsorption behavior for both monolayer and polymer functionalized MS. The associated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) reveal that the process of adsorption with MS-PEI is more spontaneous and energetically favored as compared to the adsorption with MS-APTES. Taken together, the novel adsorbent system derived from a combination of MS and branched polymer (MS-PEI) shows the higher absorption efficiency and capacity toward the anionic dyes than the monolayer based adsorbent (MS-APTES).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sana Nayab
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore College for Women University , Jail Road, Lahore, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Central and South America--an opportunity to identify the aetiology of these conditions. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2014; 44:200-201. [PMID: 26742286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
|
29
|
|
30
|
Farrukh A, Akram A, Ghaffar A, Hanif S, Hamid A, Duran H, Yameen B. Design of polymer-brush-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for highly efficient water remediation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:3784-93. [PMID: 23570443 DOI: 10.1021/am400427n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient removal of mercury(II) ions (Hg(II)) from water has been reported by employing polymer-brush-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Surface-initiated conventional radical polymerization (SI-cRP) was used to grow poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (poly-AEMA·HCl) polymer chains on magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4), followed by the transformation of pendant amino groups into dithiocarbamate (DTC) groups, which showed high chelating affinity toward Hg(II) ions. This polymer-brush-based DTC-functionalized MNP (MNPs-polyAEMA·DTC) platform showed the complete removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solutions. The Hg(II) ion removal capacity and efficiency of MNPs-polyAEMA·DTC were compared with its monolayer analogue, which was derived from the direct transformation of amino groups of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized MNPs (MNPs-APTES) to DTC functional groups (MNPs-DTC). The surface chemical modifications and higher chelating functional group density, in the case of MNPs-polyAEMA·DTC, were ascertained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), physical property measurement system (PPMS), attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Hg(II) ion removal capacity and efficiency of monolayer and polymer-brush-based DTC-functionalized MNPs (MNPs-DTC and MNPs-polyAEMA·DTC, respectively) were evaluated and compared by studying the effect of various factors on the percentage removal of Hg(II) such as adsorbent amount, temperature, and contact time. Furthermore, the adsorption behavior of MNPs-DTC and MNPs-polyAEMA·DTC was analyzed by applying Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. In addition, the adsorption thermodynamics, as well as the adsorption kinetics, were also evaluated in detail. The higher surface functional group density of MNPs-polyAEMA·DTC led to superior remediation characteristics toward Hg(II) ions than its monolayer analogue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Farrukh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore-54792, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Muglu J, Nallapeta S, Farrukh A. P257 Obstetric performance of multi-ethnic teenage pregnant women in Manchester attending dedicated antenatal service in a tertiary hospital. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)61747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Farrukh A, Mayberry JF. Breastfeeding and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14 Suppl 2:S39-40. [PMID: 18816689 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, Cheshire.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Farrukh A, Ramsden GH. Hyperventilation with medroxyprogesterone therapy in a postmenopausal woman. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2007; 27:323. [PMID: 17464829 DOI: 10.1080/01443610701269127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Warrington Hospital, Warrington, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Farrukh A, Ramsden GH. Impending rupture of a uterine horn pregnancy at 19 weeks' gestation: timely management or near miss? J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2007; 27:218. [PMID: 17454495 DOI: 10.1080/01443610601157950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Farrukh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Warrington Hospital, Lovely Lane, Warrington, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|