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Docherty EM, Gloor E, Sponchiado D, Gilpin M, Pinto CAD, Junior HM, Coughlin I, Ferreira L, Junior JAS, da Costa ACL, Meir P, Galbraith D. Long-term drought effects on the thermal sensitivity of Amazon forest trees. Plant Cell Environ 2023; 46:185-198. [PMID: 36230004 PMCID: PMC10092618 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The continued functioning of tropical forests under climate change depends on their resilience to drought and heat. However, there is little understanding of how tropical forests will respond to combinations of these stresses, and no field studies to date have explicitly evaluated whether sustained drought alters sensitivity to temperature. We measured the temperature response of net photosynthesis, foliar respiration and the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv /Fm ) of eight hyper-dominant Amazonian tree species at the world's longest-running tropical forest drought experiment, to investigate the effect of drought on forest thermal sensitivity. Despite a 0.6°C-2°C increase in canopy air temperatures following long-term drought, no change in overall thermal sensitivity of net photosynthesis or respiration was observed. However, photosystem II tolerance to extreme-heat damage (T50 ) was reduced from 50.0 ± 0.3°C to 48.5 ± 0.3°C under drought. Our results suggest that long-term reductions in precipitation, as projected across much of Amazonia by climate models, are unlikely to greatly alter the response of tropical forests to rising mean temperatures but may increase the risk of leaf thermal damage during heatwaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Docherty
- Department of Earth and Environment, School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Emanuel Gloor
- Department of Earth and Environment, School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Daniela Sponchiado
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia VegetalUniversidade do Estado de Mato GrossoNova XavantinaMato GrossoBrasil
| | - Martin Gilpin
- Department of Earth and Environment, School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | | | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRPUniversidade de São PauloRibeirao PretoSão PauloBrasil
- College of Science, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritorAustralia
| | | | | | - Antonio C. L. da Costa
- Instituto de GeosciênciasUniversidade Federaldo ParáBelémParáBrasil
- Museu Paraense Emílio GoeldiBelémParáBrasil
| | - Patrick Meir
- College of Science, Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralian Capital TerritorAustralia
- College of Science and Engineering, School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - David Galbraith
- Department of Earth and Environment, School of GeographyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
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2
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Huaraca Huasco W, Riutta T, Girardin CAJ, Hancco Pacha F, Puma Vilca BL, Moore S, Rifai SW, Del Aguila-Pasquel J, Araujo Murakami A, Freitag R, Morel AC, Demissie S, Doughty CE, Oliveras I, Galiano Cabrera DF, Durand Baca L, Farfán Amézquita F, Silva Espejo JE, da Costa ACL, Oblitas Mendoza E, Quesada CA, Evouna Ondo F, Edzang Ndong J, Jeffery KJ, Mihindou V, White LJT, N'ssi Bengone N, Ibrahim F, Addo-Danso SD, Duah-Gyamfi A, Djaney Djagbletey G, Owusu-Afriyie K, Amissah L, Mbou AT, Marthews TR, Metcalfe DB, Aragão LEO, Marimon-Junior BH, Marimon BS, Majalap N, Adu-Bredu S, Abernethy KA, Silman M, Ewers RM, Meir P, Malhi Y. Fine root dynamics across pantropical rainforest ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:3657-3680. [PMID: 33982340 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots constitute a significant component of the net primary productivity (NPP) of forest ecosystems but are much less studied than aboveground NPP. Comparisons across sites and regions are also hampered by inconsistent methodologies, especially in tropical areas. Here, we present a novel dataset of fine root biomass, productivity, residence time, and allocation in tropical old-growth rainforest sites worldwide, measured using consistent methods, and examine how these variables are related to consistently determined soil and climatic characteristics. Our pantropical dataset spans intensive monitoring plots in lowland (wet, semi-deciduous, and deciduous) and montane tropical forests in South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia (n = 47). Large spatial variation in fine root dynamics was observed across montane and lowland forest types. In lowland forests, we found a strong positive linear relationship between fine root productivity and sand content, this relationship was even stronger when we considered the fractional allocation of total NPP to fine roots, demonstrating that understanding allocation adds explanatory power to understanding fine root productivity and total NPP. Fine root residence time was a function of multiple factors: soil sand content, soil pH, and maximum water deficit, with longest residence times in acidic, sandy, and water-stressed soils. In tropical montane forests, on the other hand, a different set of relationships prevailed, highlighting the very different nature of montane and lowland forest biomes. Root productivity was a strong positive linear function of mean annual temperature, root residence time was a strong positive function of soil nitrogen content in montane forests, and lastly decreasing soil P content increased allocation of productivity to fine roots. In contrast to the lowlands, environmental conditions were a better predictor for fine root productivity than for fractional allocation of total NPP to fine roots, suggesting that root productivity is a particularly strong driver of NPP allocation in tropical mountain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cécile A J Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sami W Rifai
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Alejandro Araujo Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | - Renata Freitag
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C Morel
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vianet Mihindou
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Lee J T White
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Natacha N'ssi Bengone
- Ministère de la Foret, de la Mer, de l'Environnement, Chargé Du Plan Climat, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Forzia Ibrahim
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Shalom D Addo-Danso
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Akwasi Duah-Gyamfi
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Gloria Djaney Djagbletey
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Owusu-Afriyie
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lucy Amissah
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Armel T Mbou
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Leece, Italy
| | | | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Department of Ecology and Environment Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Luiz E O Aragão
- Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto-DIDSR, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São Jose dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ben H Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Noreen Majalap
- Sabah Forestry Department, Forest Research Centre, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, University, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Miles Silman
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Ewers
- Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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3
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Burt A, Boni Vicari M, da Costa ACL, Coughlin I, Meir P, Rowland L, Disney M. New insights into large tropical tree mass and structure from direct harvest and terrestrial lidar. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:201458. [PMID: 33972856 PMCID: PMC8074798 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of the terrestrial vegetation carbon stock is stored in the above-ground biomass (AGB) of tropical forests, but the exact amount remains uncertain, partly owing to the lack of measurements. To date, accessible peer-reviewed data are available for just 10 large tropical trees in the Amazon that have been harvested and directly measured entirely via weighing. Here, we harvested four large tropical rainforest trees (stem diameter: 0.6-1.2 m, height: 30-46 m, AGB: 3960-18 584 kg) in intact old-growth forest in East Amazonia, and measured above-ground green mass, moisture content and woody tissue density. We first present rare ecological insights provided by these data, including unsystematic intra-tree variations in density, with both height and radius. We also found the majority of AGB was usually found in the crown, but varied from 42 to 62%. We then compare non-destructive approaches for estimating the AGB of these trees, using both classical allometry and new lidar-based methods. Terrestrial lidar point clouds were collected pre-harvest, on which we fitted cylinders to model woody structure, enabling retrieval of volume-derived AGB. Estimates from this approach were more accurate than allometric counterparts (mean tree-scale relative error: 3% versus 15%), and error decreased when up-scaling to the cumulative AGB of the four trees (1% versus 15%). Furthermore, while allometric error increased fourfold with tree size over the diameter range, lidar error remained constant. This suggests error in these lidar-derived estimates is random and additive. Were these results transferable across forest scenes, terrestrial lidar methods would reduce uncertainty in stand-scale AGB estimates, and therefore advance our understanding of the role of tropical forests in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Burt
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mathias Disney
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
- NERC National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), Leicester, UK
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4
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Rowland L, Oliveira RS, Bittencourt PRL, Giles AL, Coughlin I, Costa PDB, Domingues T, Ferreira LV, Vasconcelos SS, Junior JAS, Oliveira AAR, da Costa ACL, Meir P, Mencuccini M. Plant traits controlling growth change in response to a drier climate. New Phytol 2021; 229:1363-1374. [PMID: 32981040 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant traits are increasingly being used to improve prediction of plant function, including plant demography. However, the capability of plant traits to predict demographic rates remains uncertain, particularly in the context of trees experiencing a changing climate. Here we present data combining 17 plant traits associated with plant structure, metabolism and hydraulic status, with measurements of long-term mean, maximum and relative growth rates for 176 trees from the world's longest running tropical forest drought experiment. We demonstrate that plant traits can predict mean annual tree growth rates with moderate explanatory power. However, only combinations of traits associated more directly with plant functional processes, rather than more commonly employed traits like wood density or leaf mass per area, yield the power to predict growth. Critically, we observe a shift from growth being controlled by traits related to carbon cycling (assimilation and respiration) in well-watered trees, to traits relating to plant hydraulic stress in drought-stressed trees. We also demonstrate that even with a very comprehensive set of plant traits and growth data on large numbers of tropical trees, considerable uncertainty remains in directly interpreting the mechanisms through which traits influence performance in tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brasil
- Biological Sciences, UWA, Perth, Crawle, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paulo R L Bittencourt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-970, PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Andre L Giles
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP 13083-970, PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-900, Brasil
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Patricia de Britto Costa
- Biological Sciences, UWA, Perth, Crawle, WA, 6009, Australia
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Tomas Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-900, Brasil
| | | | | | - João A S Junior
- Instituto de Geosciências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, 66075-110, Brasil
| | - Alex A R Oliveira
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Antonio C L da Costa
- Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, 66040-170, Brasil
- EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, 14 Belém, PA, 66095-903, Brasil
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
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5
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Bartholomew DC, Bittencourt PRL, da Costa ACL, Banin LF, de Britto Costa P, Coughlin SI, Domingues TF, Ferreira LV, Giles A, Mencuccini M, Mercado L, Miatto RC, Oliveira A, Oliveira R, Meir P, Rowland L. Small tropical forest trees have a greater capacity to adjust carbon metabolism to long-term drought than large canopy trees. Plant Cell Environ 2020; 43:2380-2393. [PMID: 32643169 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The response of small understory trees to long-term drought is vital in determining the future composition, carbon stocks and dynamics of tropical forests. Long-term drought is, however, also likely to expose understory trees to increased light availability driven by drought-induced mortality. Relatively little is known about the potential for understory trees to adjust their physiology to both decreasing water and increasing light availability. We analysed data on maximum photosynthetic capacity (Jmax , Vcmax ), leaf respiration (Rleaf ), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf thickness and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from 66 small trees across 12 common genera at the world's longest running tropical rainfall exclusion experiment and compared responses to those from 61 surviving canopy trees. Small trees increased Jmax , Vcmax , Rleaf and LMA (71, 29, 32, 15% respectively) in response to the drought treatment, but leaf thickness and leaf nutrient concentrations did not change. Small trees were significantly more responsive than large canopy trees to the drought treatment, suggesting greater phenotypic plasticity and resilience to prolonged drought, although differences among taxa were observed. Our results highlight that small tropical trees have greater capacity to respond to ecosystem level changes and have the potential to regenerate resilient forests following future droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Bartholomew
- School of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Paulo R L Bittencourt
- School of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sarah I Coughlin
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Tomas F Domingues
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - André Giles
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Mercado
- School of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Raquel C Miatto
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Rafael Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- School of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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6
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Bittencourt PRL, Oliveira RS, da Costa ACL, Giles AL, Coughlin I, Costa PB, Bartholomew DC, Ferreira LV, Vasconcelos SS, Barros FV, Junior JAS, Oliveira AAR, Mencuccini M, Meir P, Rowland L. Amazonia trees have limited capacity to acclimate plant hydraulic properties in response to long-term drought. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3569-3584. [PMID: 32061003 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The fate of tropical forests under future climate change is dependent on the capacity of their trees to adjust to drier conditions. The capacity of trees to withstand drought is likely to be determined by traits associated with their hydraulic systems. However, data on whether tropical trees can adjust hydraulic traits when experiencing drought remain rare. We measured plant hydraulic traits (e.g. hydraulic conductivity and embolism resistance) and plant hydraulic system status (e.g. leaf water potential, native embolism and safety margin) on >150 trees from 12 genera (36 species) and spanning a stem size range from 14 to 68 cm diameter at breast height at the world's only long-running tropical forest drought experiment. Hydraulic traits showed no adjustment following 15 years of experimentally imposed moisture deficit. This failure to adjust resulted in these drought-stressed trees experiencing significantly lower leaf water potentials, and higher, but variable, levels of native embolism in the branches. This result suggests that hydraulic damage caused by elevated levels of embolism is likely to be one of the key drivers of drought-induced mortality following long-term soil moisture deficit. We demonstrate that some hydraulic traits changed with tree size, however, the direction and magnitude of the change was controlled by taxonomic identity. Our results suggest that Amazonian trees, both small and large, have limited capacity to acclimate their hydraulic systems to future droughts, potentially making them more at risk of drought-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo R L Bittencourt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Biological Sciences, UWA, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Andre L Giles
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Patricia B Costa
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Biological Sciences, UWA, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David C Bartholomew
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Fernanda V Barros
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Joao A S Junior
- Instituto de Biologia, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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7
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Binks O, Mencuccini M, Rowland L, da Costa ACL, de Carvalho CJR, Bittencourt P, Eller C, Teodoro GS, Carvalho EJM, Soza A, Ferreira L, Vasconcelos SS, Oliveira R, Meir P. Foliar water uptake in Amazonian trees: Evidence and consequences. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2678-2690. [PMID: 31012521 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of atmospheric water directly into leaves enables plants to alleviate the water stress caused by low soil moisture, hydraulic resistance in the xylem and the effect of gravity on the water column, while enabling plants to scavenge small inputs of water from leaf-wetting events. By increasing the availability of water, and supplying it from the top of the canopy (in a direction facilitated by gravity), foliar uptake (FU) may be a significant process in determining how forests interact with climate, and could alter our interpretation of current metrics for hydraulic stress and sensitivity. FU has not been reported for lowland tropical rainforests; we test whether FU occurs in six common Amazonian tree genera in lowland Amazônia, and make a first estimation of its contribution to canopy-atmosphere water exchange. We demonstrate that FU occurs in all six genera and that dew-derived water may therefore be used to "pay" for some morning transpiration in the dry season. Using meteorological and canopy wetness data, coupled with empirically derived estimates of leaf conductance to FU (kfu ), we estimate that the contribution by FU to annual transpiration at this site has a median value of 8.2% (103 mm/year) and an interquartile range of 3.4%-15.3%, with the biggest sources of uncertainty being kfu and the proportion of time the canopy is wet. Our results indicate that FU is likely to be a common strategy and may have significant implications for the Amazon carbon budget. The process of foliar water uptake may also have a profound impact on the drought tolerance of individual Amazonian trees and tree species, and on the cycling of water and carbon, regionally and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Binks
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Lucy Rowland
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Paulo Bittencourt
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Cleiton Eller
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Azul Soza
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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8
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Eller CB, Rowland L, Oliveira RS, Bittencourt PRL, Barros FV, da Costa ACL, Meir P, Friend AD, Mencuccini M, Sitch S, Cox P. Modelling tropical forest responses to drought and El Niño with a stomatal optimization model based on xylem hydraulics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170315. [PMID: 30297470 PMCID: PMC6178424 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current generation of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) lacks a mechanistic representation of vegetation responses to soil drought, impairing their ability to accurately predict Earth system responses to future climate scenarios and climatic anomalies, such as El Niño events. We propose a simple numerical approach to model plant responses to drought coupling stomatal optimality theory and plant hydraulics that can be used in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). The model is validated against stand-scale forest transpiration (E) observations from a long-term soil drought experiment and used to predict the response of three Amazonian forest sites to climatic anomalies during the twentieth century. We show that our stomatal optimization model produces realistic stomatal responses to environmental conditions and can accurately simulate how tropical forest E responds to seasonal, and even long-term soil drought. Our model predicts a stronger cumulative effect of climatic anomalies in Amazon forest sites exposed to soil drought during El Niño years than can be captured by alternative empirical drought representation schemes. The contrasting responses between our model and empirical drought factors highlight the utility of hydraulically-based stomatal optimization models to represent vegetation responses to drought and climatic anomalies in DGVMs.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton B Eller
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paulo R L Bittencourt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda V Barros
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew D Friend
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Peter Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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9
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Rifai SW, Girardin CAJ, Berenguer E, Del Aguila-Pasquel J, Dahlsjö CAL, Doughty CE, Jeffery KJ, Moore S, Oliveras I, Riutta T, Rowland LM, Murakami AA, Addo-Danso SD, Brando P, Burton C, Ondo FE, Duah-Gyamfi A, Amézquita FF, Freitag R, Pacha FH, Huasco WH, Ibrahim F, Mbou AT, Mihindou VM, Peixoto KS, Rocha W, Rossi LC, Seixas M, Silva-Espejo JE, Abernethy KA, Adu-Bredu S, Barlow J, da Costa ACL, Marimon BS, Marimon-Junior BH, Meir P, Metcalfe DB, Phillips OL, White LJT, Malhi Y. ENSO Drives interannual variation of forest woody growth across the tropics. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0410. [PMID: 30297475 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Meteorological extreme events such as El Niño events are expected to affect tropical forest net primary production (NPP) and woody growth, but there has been no large-scale empirical validation of this expectation. We collected a large high-temporal resolution dataset (for 1-13 years depending upon location) of more than 172 000 stem growth measurements using dendrometer bands from across 14 regions spanning Amazonia, Africa and Borneo in order to test how much month-to-month variation in stand-level woody growth of adult tree stems (NPPstem) can be explained by seasonal variation and interannual meteorological anomalies. A key finding is that woody growth responds differently to meteorological variation between tropical forests with a dry season (where monthly rainfall is less than 100 mm), and aseasonal wet forests lacking a consistent dry season. In seasonal tropical forests, a high degree of variation in woody growth can be predicted from seasonal variation in temperature, vapour pressure deficit, in addition to anomalies of soil water deficit and shortwave radiation. The variation of aseasonal wet forest woody growth is best predicted by the anomalies of vapour pressure deficit, water deficit and shortwave radiation. In total, we predict the total live woody production of the global tropical forest biome to be 2.16 Pg C yr-1, with an interannual range 1.96-2.26 Pg C yr-1 between 1996-2016, and with the sharpest declines during the strong El Niño events of 1997/8 and 2015/6. There is high geographical variation in hotspots of El Niño-associated impacts, with weak impacts in Africa, and strongly negative impacts in parts of Southeast Asia and extensive regions across central and eastern Amazonia. Overall, there is high correlation (r = -0.75) between the annual anomaly of tropical forest woody growth and the annual mean of the El Niño 3.4 index, driven mainly by strong correlations with anomalies of soil water deficit, vapour pressure deficit and shortwave radiation.This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami W Rifai
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Cécile A J Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Cecilia A L Dahlsjö
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Christopher E Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Kathryn J Jeffery
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.,Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, CENAREST, BP 842, Libreville, Gabon.,Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), BP 20379, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Imma Oliveras
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Lucy M Rowland
- Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Amory Building, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Alejandro Araujo Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado Universidad Autónoma Gabriel Rene Moreno, Avenida Irala 565 Casilla Postal 2489, Santa Cruz, Bolivia
| | | | - Paulo Brando
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA.,Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Canarana, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Chad Burton
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | - Fidèle Evouna Ondo
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), BP 20379, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | | | - Renata Freitag
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Walter Huaraca Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
| | | | - Armel T Mbou
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamente Climatici, Leece, Italy
| | - Vianet Mihindou Mihindou
- Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux (ANPN), BP 20379, Libreville, Gabon.,Ministère de la Forêt et de l'Environnement, BP199, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Karine S Peixoto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Wanderley Rocha
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Canarana, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Liana C Rossi
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Seixas
- Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Trav. Dr. Enéas Pinheiro, s/n, CP 48, 66095-100, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Katharine A Abernethy
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.,Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, CENAREST, BP 842, Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | | | - Beatriz S Marimon
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Ben H Marimon-Junior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, CEP 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH93FF, UK
| | - Daniel B Metcalfe
- Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lee J T White
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.,Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale, CENAREST, BP 842, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK
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10
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Taylor TC, McMahon SM, Smith MN, Boyle B, Violle C, van Haren J, Simova I, Meir P, Ferreira LV, de Camargo PB, da Costa ACL, Enquist BJ, Saleska SR. Isoprene emission structures tropical tree biogeography and community assembly responses to climate. New Phytol 2018; 220:435-446. [PMID: 29974469 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of vegetation responses to climate requires a knowledge of how climate-sensitive plant traits mediate not only the responses of individual plants, but also shifts in the species and functional compositions of whole communities. The emission of isoprene gas - a trait shared by one-third of tree species - is known to protect leaf biochemistry under climatic stress. Here, we test the hypothesis that isoprene emission shapes tree species compositions in tropical forests by enhancing the tolerance of emitting trees to heat and drought. Using forest inventory data, we estimated the proportional abundance of isoprene-emitting trees (pIE) at 103 lowland tropical sites. We also quantified the temporal composition shifts in three tropical forests - two natural and one artificial - subjected to either anomalous warming or drought. Across the landscape, pIE increased with site mean annual temperature, but decreased with dry season length. Through time, pIE strongly increased under high temperatures, and moderately increased following drought. Our analysis shows that isoprene emission is a key plant trait determining species responses to climate. For species adapted to seasonal dry periods, isoprene emission may tradeoff with alternative strategies, such as leaf deciduousness. Community selection for isoprene-emitting species is a potential mechanism for enhanced forest resilience to climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyeen C Taylor
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sean M McMahon
- Center for Tropical Forest Science-Forest Global Earth Observatory, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21307, USA
| | - Marielle N Smith
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Brad Boyle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Hardner & Gullison Associates, LLC, 15 Woodland Drive, Amherst, NH, 03031, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR 5175), CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, University of Arizona, 32540 S. Biosphere Road, Oracle, AZ, 85623, USA
| | - Irena Simova
- Center for Theoretical Study, Charles University, Praha, 11636, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 12844, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XP, UK
| | - Leandro V Ferreira
- Coordenação de Botânica, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 66040-170, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Plinio B de Camargo
- Laboratório de Ecologia Isotópica, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA), Universidade de São Paulo, 13400-970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio C L da Costa
- Centro de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Pará, 66017-970, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Brian J Enquist
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- The Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, NM, 87501, USA
| | - Scott R Saleska
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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11
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Rowland L, da Costa ACL, Oliveira AAR, Oliveira RS, Bittencourt PL, Costa PB, Giles AL, Sosa AI, Coughlin I, Godlee JL, Vasconcelos SS, Junior JAS, Ferreira LV, Mencuccini M, Meir P. Drought stress and tree size determine stem CO 2 efflux in a tropical forest. New Phytol 2018; 218:1393-1405. [PMID: 29397028 PMCID: PMC5969101 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CO2 efflux from stems (CO2_stem ) accounts for a substantial fraction of tropical forest gross primary productivity, but the climate sensitivity of this flux remains poorly understood. We present a study of tropical forest CO2_stem from 215 trees across wet and dry seasons, at the world's longest running tropical forest drought experiment site. We show a 27% increase in wet season CO2_stem in the droughted forest relative to a control forest. This was driven by increasing CO2_stem in trees 10-40 cm diameter. Furthermore, we show that drought increases the proportion of maintenance to growth respiration in trees > 20 cm diameter, including large increases in maintenance respiration in the largest droughted trees, > 40 cm diameter. However, we found no clear taxonomic influence on CO2_stem and were unable to accurately predict how drought sensitivity altered ecosystem scale CO2_stem , due to substantial uncertainty introduced by contrasting methods previously employed to scale CO2_stem fluxes. Our findings indicate that under future scenarios of elevated drought, increases in CO2_stem may augment carbon losses, weakening or potentially reversing the tropical forest carbon sink. However, due to substantial uncertainties in scaling CO2_stem fluxes, stand-scale future estimates of changes in stem CO2 emissions remain highly uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4RJUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Azul I. Sosa
- Instituto de BiologiaUNICAMPCampinasSP13083‐970Brasil
| | - Ingrid Coughlin
- Departamento de BiologiaFFCLRPUniversidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoSP14040‐900Brasil
| | - John L. Godlee
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
| | | | - João A. S. Junior
- Instituto de GeosciênciasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémPA66075‐110Brasil
| | | | | | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghEH9 3FFUK
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
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12
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da Costa ACL, Rowland L, Oliveira RS, Oliveira AAR, Binks OJ, Salmon Y, Vasconcelos SS, Junior JAS, Ferreira LV, Poyatos R, Mencuccini M, Meir P. Stand dynamics modulate water cycling and mortality risk in droughted tropical forest. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:249-258. [PMID: 28752626 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Transpiration from the Amazon rainforest generates an essential water source at a global and local scale. However, changes in rainforest function with climate change can disrupt this process, causing significant reductions in precipitation across Amazonia, and potentially at a global scale. We report the only study of forest transpiration following a long-term (>10 year) experimental drought treatment in Amazonian forest. After 15 years of receiving half the normal rainfall, drought-related tree mortality caused total forest transpiration to decrease by 30%. However, the surviving droughted trees maintained or increased transpiration because of reduced competition for water and increased light availability, which is consistent with increased growth rates. Consequently, the amount of water supplied as rainfall reaching the soil and directly recycled as transpiration increased to 100%. This value was 25% greater than for adjacent nondroughted forest. If these drought conditions were accompanied by a modest increase in temperature (e.g., 1.5°C), water demand would exceed supply, making the forest more prone to increased tree mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucy Rowland
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | | | - Oliver J Binks
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yann Salmon
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - João A S Junior
- Instituto de Geosciências, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brasil
| | | | - Rafael Poyatos
- CREAF, Campus UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Doughty CE, Goldsmith GR, Raab N, Girardin CAJ, Farfan-Amezquita F, Huaraca-Huasco W, Silva-Espejo JE, Araujo-Murakami A, da Costa ACL, Rocha W, Galbraith D, Meir P, Metcalfe DB, Malhi Y. What controls variation in carbon use efficiency among Amazonian tropical forests? Biotropica 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E. Doughty
- School of Informatics, Computing and Cyber systems; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Gregory R. Goldsmith
- Ecosystem Fluxes Group; Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institut; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
- Schmid College of Science and Technology; Chapman University; Orange CA 92866 USA
| | - Nicolas Raab
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Cecile A. J. Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | | | - Walter Huaraca-Huasco
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco; Cusco Peru
| | | | - Alejandro Araujo-Murakami
- Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado; Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René Moreno; Santa Cruz Bolivia
| | | | - Wanderley Rocha
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM); Canarana Mato Grosso Brazil
| | | | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology; Australian National University; Canberra Australia
- School of Geosciences; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Dan B. Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute; School of Geography and the Environment; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
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14
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Meir P, Shenkin A, Disney M, Rowland L, Malhi Y, Herold M, da Costa ACL. Plant Structure-Function Relationships and Woody Tissue Respiration: Upscaling to Forests from Laser-Derived Measurements. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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15
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Rowland L, Lobo‐do‐Vale RL, Christoffersen BO, Melém EA, Kruijt B, Vasconcelos SS, Domingues T, Binks OJ, Oliveira AAR, Metcalfe D, da Costa ACL, Mencuccini M, Meir P. After more than a decade of soil moisture deficit, tropical rainforest trees maintain photosynthetic capacity, despite increased leaf respiration. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:4662-72. [PMID: 26179437 PMCID: PMC4989466 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Determining climate change feedbacks from tropical rainforests requires an understanding of how carbon gain through photosynthesis and loss through respiration will be altered. One of the key changes that tropical rainforests may experience under future climate change scenarios is reduced soil moisture availability. In this study we examine if and how both leaf photosynthesis and leaf dark respiration acclimate following more than 12 years of experimental soil moisture deficit, via a through-fall exclusion experiment (TFE) in an eastern Amazonian rainforest. We find that experimentally drought-stressed trees and taxa maintain the same maximum leaf photosynthetic capacity as trees in corresponding control forest, independent of their susceptibility to drought-induced mortality. We hypothesize that photosynthetic capacity is maintained across all treatments and taxa to take advantage of short-lived periods of high moisture availability, when stomatal conductance (gs ) and photosynthesis can increase rapidly, potentially compensating for reduced assimilate supply at other times. Average leaf dark respiration (Rd ) was elevated in the TFE-treated forest trees relative to the control by 28.2 ± 2.8% (mean ± one standard error). This mean Rd value was dominated by a 48.5 ± 3.6% increase in the Rd of drought-sensitive taxa, and likely reflects the need for additional metabolic support required for stress-related repair, and hydraulic or osmotic maintenance processes. Following soil moisture deficit that is maintained for several years, our data suggest that changes in respiration drive greater shifts in the canopy carbon balance, than changes in photosynthetic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Rowland
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Bradley O. Christoffersen
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Earth and Environmental SciencesLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosCAUSA
| | | | - Bart Kruijt
- AlterraWageningen URWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Tomas Domingues
- Departamento de BiologiaFFCLRP ‐ Universidade de São PauloRibeirão PretoBrasil
| | | | | | - Daniel Metcalfe
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | | | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- ICREA at CREAF08193 Cerdanyola del VallésBarcelonaSpain
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia
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16
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Malhi Y, Doughty CE, Goldsmith GR, Metcalfe DB, Girardin CAJ, Marthews TR, Del Aguila-Pasquel J, Aragão LEOC, Araujo-Murakami A, Brando P, da Costa ACL, Silva-Espejo JE, Farfán Amézquita F, Galbraith DR, Quesada CA, Rocha W, Salinas-Revilla N, Silvério D, Meir P, Phillips OL. The linkages between photosynthesis, productivity, growth and biomass in lowland Amazonian forests. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:2283-95. [PMID: 25640987 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between photosynthesis, net primary productivity and growth in forest ecosystems is key to understanding how these ecosystems will respond to global anthropogenic change, yet the linkages among these components are rarely explored in detail. We provide the first comprehensive description of the productivity, respiration and carbon allocation of contrasting lowland Amazonian forests spanning gradients in seasonal water deficit and soil fertility. Using the largest data set assembled to date, ten sites in three countries all studied with a standardized methodology, we find that (i) gross primary productivity (GPP) has a simple relationship with seasonal water deficit, but that (ii) site-to-site variations in GPP have little power in explaining site-to-site spatial variations in net primary productivity (NPP) or growth because of concomitant changes in carbon use efficiency (CUE), and conversely, the woody growth rate of a tropical forest is a very poor proxy for its productivity. Moreover, (iii) spatial patterns of biomass are much more driven by patterns of residence times (i.e. tree mortality rates) than by spatial variation in productivity or tree growth. Current theory and models of tropical forest carbon cycling under projected scenarios of global atmospheric change can benefit from advancing beyond a focus on GPP. By improving our understanding of poorly understood processes such as CUE, NPP allocation and biomass turnover times, we can provide more complete and mechanistic approaches to linking climate and tropical forest carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
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