1
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Li W, Brunetti G, Zafiu C, Kunaschk M, Debreczeby M, Stumpp C. Experimental and simulated microplastics transport in saturated natural sediments: Impact of grain size and particle size. J Hazard Mater 2024; 468:133772. [PMID: 38377904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) present in terrestrial environments show potential leaching risk to deeper soil layers and aquifer systems, which threaten soil health and drinking water supply. However, little is known about the environmental fate of MPs in natural sediments. To examine the MPs transport mechanisms in natural sediments, column experiments were conducted using different natural sediments and MPs (10-150 µm) with conservative tracer. Particle breakthrough curves (BTCs) and retention profiles (RPs) were numerically interpreted in HYDRUS-1D using three different models to identify the most plausible deposition mechanism of MPs. Results show that the retention efficiency for a given particle size increased with decreasing grain size, and RPs exacerbated their hyper-exponential shape in finer sediments. Furthermore, the amounts of MPs present in the effluent increased to over 85 % as MPs size decreased to 10-20 µm in both gravel and coarse sand columns, while all larger MPs (125-150 µm) were retained in the coarse sand column. The modeling results suggested that the blocking mechanism becomes more important with increasing particle sizes. In particular, the attachment-detachment without blocking was the most suited parameterization to interpret the movement of small MPs, while a depth-dependent blocking approach was necessary to adequately describe the fate of larger particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Li
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Giuseppe Brunetti
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; University of Calabria, Department of Civil Engineering, Rende, Italy
| | - Christian Zafiu
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Waste Management and Circular Economy, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marco Kunaschk
- Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Demollstrasse 31, 82407 Wielenbach, Germany
| | - Monika Debreczeby
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Filippini M, Segadelli S, Dinelli E, Failoni M, Stumpp C, Vignaroli G, Casati T, Tiboni B, Gargini A. Hydrogeological assessment of a major spring discharging from a calcarenitic aquifer with implications on resilience to climate change. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169770. [PMID: 38176553 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Groundwater is a vital source of freshwater, serving ecological, environmental, and societal needs. In regions with springs as a predominant source, such as the Northern Apennines (Italy), resilience of these springs to climate-induced recharge changes is crucial for water supply and ecosystem preservation. In this study, Nadìa Spring in the Northern Apennines is examined through an unprecedented array of multidisciplinary analyses to understand its resilience and unique characteristics. The Nadìa Spring's exceptional response, characterized by a sustained base flow even in the face of drought, is attributed to a combination of factors including a substantial groundwater reservoir, a complex network of faults/fractures, slope instabilities, and karst dissolution. The investigation reveals a dual porosity system in the aquifer, consisting of fast-flow conduits and a diffuse fracture network. While fast-flow conduits contribute to rapid responses during high-flow conditions, the diffuse system becomes predominant during low-flow periods. This dual porosity structure helps the spring maintain a consistent base flow in the face of climate-induced recharge fluctuations. The study shows that Nadìa Spring exhibits remarkable resilience to year-to-year variations in recharge, as evidenced by stable minimum discharge values. While the spring has undergone a decline in discharge over the past century due to long-term climate change, it is becoming more resilient over interdecadal timescales due to transition to a diffuse drainage system that mitigates the impact of reduced recharge. The availability of a century-long spring discharge monitoring was a crucial piece of information for understanding the spring's discharge response and drawing conclusions about its long-term resilience to recharge fluctuations. Continuing long-term monitoring and research in the future will be essential to validate and expand upon these findings in the context of changing climatic conditions. This research serves as a model for assessing strategic groundwater discharge points in geological settings similar to the Northern Apennines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filippini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefano Segadelli
- Geological, Seismic and Soil Service, Emilia-Romagna Region Administration, Viale della Fiera 8, 4027 Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Dinelli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Failoni
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gianluca Vignaroli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Casati
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Tiboni
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gargini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, via Zamboni, 67, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Emvoutou HC, Estelle Ndomè EP, Diongue DML, Ndam JR, Stumpp C, Ketchemen-T B, Ekodeck GE, Travi Y, Faye S. Hydrochemical and isotopic studies providing a new functional model for the coastal aquifers in Douala Coastal Sedimentary Basin (DCSB)/Cameroon. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169412. [PMID: 38114035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A new conceptual model of the hydrogeological systems in Cameroon's Douala Coastal Sedimentary Basin (DCSB) was constructed. The model is based upon the basin's known geology, plus data from recent field campaigns that allowed the collection of rainwater and groundwater samples for analyses of stable isotopes (δ2H, δ18O, δ13C), radiogenic isotopes (3H, 14C), and water chemistry. Aquifer characteristics that were thereby deciphered include recharge, isotopic distributions, residence times, and mixing processes. Rainfall samples (mean δ18O = -2.0 ‰; mean δ2H = -6.80 ‰; weighted mean = -2.4 ‰ δ18O, -9.85 ‰ δ2H) scatter along two distinct lines, thus indicating that local rainfall events undergo processes during convective events, variability in humidity, amount effects, and seasonal variations. Stable isotope values of river water samples are close to the weighted mean of local precipitation, with some downstream enrichment. The Quaternary/Mio-Pliocene superficial aquifer system (depth < 70 m) and the intermediate Oligocene/Upper Eocene aquifer system (depth: 70 to 200 m) exhibit evidence of similar fractionation processes through an enrichment gradient of δ-values. The enrichment is more pronounced at the top of the superficial aquifer, which is very exposed to direct rainfall water infiltration, evaporation, and amount effects. The depth profiles of δ-values coupled to water chemistry and tritium contents, evidence leakage between (i) the superficial system's Quaternary alluvium sands and Mio-Pliocene sands; and (ii) the superficial and intermediate systems. Thus, the aquifers that contain modern, post nuclear groundwater are characterized by flow exchanges and direct recharge from rainfall events. In contrast, the Upper Eocene system has depleted δ-values and lower bicarbonate contents, suggesting not only that this system was recharged by rapid infiltration (with limited effect of evaporation), but that this recharge occurred during a cooler time in the past. The residence times (computed from 14C dates) indicate uncorrected ages ranging from hundreds to thousands of years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huguette C Emvoutou
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala (UDo)/, Cameroon
| | - E-P Estelle Ndomè
- Department of Biological Science, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I/, Cameroon
| | - Djim M L Diongue
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)/, Senegal
| | - Jules R Ndam
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I/, Cameroon
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Béatrice Ketchemen-T
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala (UDo)/, Cameroon
| | - Georges E Ekodeck
- Department of Biological Science, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé I/, Cameroon
| | - Yves Travi
- Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Avignon/, France
| | - Serigne Faye
- Department of Geology, Faculty of Science and Techniques, University Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD)/, Senegal.
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Terzer-Wassmuth S, Araguás-Araguás LJ, Wassenaar LI, Stumpp C. Global and local meteoric water lines for δ 17O/δ 18O and the spatiotemporal distribution of Δ' 17O in Earth's precipitation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19056. [PMID: 37925549 PMCID: PMC10625609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45920-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, δ17O and its excess (Δ'17O) have become increasingly significant "triple-oxygen-isotope" indicators of distinctive hydrological processes in hydrology and climatology. This situation mirrors the research regarding δ18O and δ2H in the 1960s towards a solid theoretical base and a surge in application examples and field studies worldwide. Currently, systematic global measurements for δ17O in precipitation are still lacking. As a result, attempts have been made to define a Global δ17O/δ18O Meteoric Water Line (GMWL), often by using regional or local datasets of varying systematicity. Different definitions of the global reference slope (λref) for determining Δ'17O values have been proposed, by ongoing debate around a proposed consensus value of 0.528. This study used worldwide samples archived in the IAEA Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) to (a) derive a δ17O/δ18O GMWL based on four-year monthly records from 66 GNIP stations, (b) formulate local δ17O/δ18O meteoric water lines (LMWL) for these stations' areas, and (c) evaluate regional and seasonal variations of Δ'17O in precipitation. The GMWL for δ17O/δ18O was determined to be δ'17O = 0.5280 ± 0.0002 δ'18O + 0.0153 ± 0.0013, in keeping with the consensus value. Furthermore, our results suggested that using a line-conditioned 17O-excess is a viable alternative over the global λref in the context of regional hydrology and paleoclimatology interpretations; however, without challenging the global λref as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Luis J Araguás-Araguás
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
- WasserCluster Lunz Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293, Lunz Am See, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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Skoulikidis NT, Matiatos I, Michalopoulos P, Smeti E, Özkan C, Akepsimaidis K, Laschou S, Stumpp C. Sources of major elements and nutrients in the water cycle of an undisturbed river basin - Samothraki Island, Greece. Sci Total Environ 2023; 897:165361. [PMID: 37419357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied the origin of elements of an undisturbed stream basin during the dry season as derived by atmospheric inputs and lithological processes. Α mass balance model was applied taking into account atmospheric (rain and vapor) inputs and their origin from marine aerosol and dust, as well as the contribution of rock mineral weathering and dissolution of soluble salts. The model results were enhanced using element enrichment factors, element ratios and water stable isotopes. Weathering and dissolution of bedrock and soil minerals contributed the main element portions, besides sodium and sulfate that chiefly derived from wet deposition. Vapor was shown to contribute water to inland waters of the basin. However, rain was the main source of elements compared to vapor, with marine aerosol being the only atmospheric chloride source, contributing also over 60 % of atmospheric sodium and magnesium. Silicate derived from mineral weathering (mainly plagioclase and amorphous silica), while soluble salt dissolution contributed the main portions of the rest of major elements. In headwater springs and streams, element concentrations were more affected by atmospheric inputs and silicate mineral weathering was more intense, contrary to lowland waters that were more affected by soluble salt dissolution. Effective self-purification processes were mirrored in low nutrient levels, despite the significant inputs from wet deposition, with rain being more important contributor than vapor for the majority of nutrient species. Relatively high nitrate concentrations in headwaters were attributed to increased mineralization and nitrification, while the downstream nitrate diminishing was due to prevailing denitrification processes. The ultimate goal of this study is to contribute in establishing stream elements' reference conditions using mass balance modeling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Th Skoulikidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Matiatos
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Michalopoulos
- Institute of Oceanography, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Evangelia Smeti
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Cemil Özkan
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantinos Akepsimaidis
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Sofia Laschou
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources & Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), 46.7 km Athens-Sounion Ave., 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Boumaiza L, Ben Ammar S, Chesnaux R, Stotler RL, Mayer B, Huneau F, Johannesson KH, Levison J, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Nitrate sources and transformation processes in groundwater of a coastal area experiencing various environmental stressors. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118803. [PMID: 37611515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In coastal salinized groundwater systems, contamination from various nitrate (NO3) inputs combined with complex hydrogeochemical processes make it difficult to distinguish NO3 sources and identify potential NO3 transformtation processes. Effective field-based NO3 studies in coastal areas are needed to improve the understanding of NO3 contamination dynamics in groundwater of such complex coastal systems. This study focuses on a typical Mediterranean coastal agricultural area, located in Tunisia, experiencing substantial NO3 contamination from multiple anthropogenic sources. Here, multiple isotopic tracers (δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O, δ15NNO3, δ18ONO3, and δ11B) combined with a Bayesian isotope MixSIAR model are used (i) to identify the major NO3 sources and their contributions, and (ii) to describe the potential NO3 transformation processes. The measured NO3 concentrations in groundwater are above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. The measured isotopic composition of NO3 indicates that manure, soil organic matter, and sewage are the potential sources of NO3, while δ11B values constrain the NO3 contamination to manure; a finding that is supported by the results of MixSIAR model revealing that manure-derived NO3 dominates over other likely sources. Nitrate derived from manure in the study area is attributed to organic fertilizers used to promote crop growth, and livestock that deposit manure directly on the ground surface. Evidence for ongoing denitrification in groundwaters of the study area is supported by an enrichment in both 15N and 18O in the remaining NO3, although isotopic mass balances between the measured and the theoretical δ18ONO3 values also suggest the occurrence of nitrification. The simultaneous occurrence of these biogeochemical processes with heterogeneous distribution across the study area reflect the complexity of interactions within the investigated coastal aquifer. The multiple isotopic tracer approach used here can identify the effect of multiple NO3 anthropogenic activities in coastal environments, which is fundamental for sustainable groundwater resources management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, N2T 0A4, Canada.
| | - Safouan Ben Ammar
- Université de Carthage, Institut Supérieur des Technologies de L'Environnement de L'Urbanisme et de Bâtiment, Tunis, 2035, Tunisia
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université Du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario, N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Bernhard Mayer
- University of Calgary, Department of Geoscience, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134 SPE, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi BP52, Corte, 20250, France
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jana Levison
- University of Guelph, School of Engineering, Morwick G360 Groundwater Research Institute, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale, 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna, 1190, Austria
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Leitner S, Sobanski F, Soja G, Keiblinger K, Stumpp C, Watzinger A. Carbon isotope effects in the sorption of chlorinated ethenes on biochar and activated carbon. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20823. [PMID: 37876456 PMCID: PMC10590956 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to activated carbon, biochar is a promising, environmentally friendly sorbent that can be used to remove organic groundwater pollutants, such as chlorinated ethenes (CEs). Stable isotope fractionation in biofilters is used to quantify pollutant degradation and to distinguish degradation from pollutant sorption on e.g. biochar. However, the sorption of CEs on biochar, and the potential abiotic fractionation processes remain to be tested. The sorption process of CEs and ethene on activated carbon and biochar was investigated with regard to the isotope effects for the differentiation from microbial degradation processes. Results from physical and chemical characterization of biochar indicated that biochar feedstock and pyrolysis conditions determined sorption performance depending on the surface chemistry and the pore size distribution of the coarse sorbent particles. The sorption capacity of the activated carbon was significantly higher with highly chlorinated ethenes, but similar to the biochars with low chlorination. Apparent carbon isotope fractionation factors (ε) of +0.1 to -4.4 ‰ were found above measurement uncertainties of GC/IRMS. The extent of isotope enrichment of the 13C bearing isotopologues in the residual aqueous phase (ε < 0) was characteristic for individual pairs of pollutant and sorbent material and could be related to pore-filling processes limited by the micropore size distribution of sorbent materials and the chemical properties of sorbed pollutants. Especially the large isotope fractionation during the sorption of ethene led to the assumption that diffusion processes within the pore matrix of the sorbent particles contributed to the observed isotope effects, but should still be considered a property of sorption. Concluding on the results indicated that sorption processes can have a significant contribution to carbon isotope fractionation in CEs and ethene. These should not be neglected in the evaluation of biofilters for groundwater purification, in which CEs are simultaneously degraded by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Leitner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Fridjof Sobanski
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Gerhard Soja
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Keiblinger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Watzinger
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Soil Research, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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Retter A, Haas JC, Birk S, Stumpp C, Hausmann B, Griebler C, Karwautz C. From the Mountain to the Valley: Drivers of Groundwater Prokaryotic Communities along an Alpine River Corridor. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030779. [PMID: 36985351 PMCID: PMC10055094 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rivers are the “tip of the iceberg”, with the underlying groundwater being the unseen freshwater majority. Microbial community composition and the dynamics of shallow groundwater ecosystems are thus crucial, due to their potential impact on ecosystem processes and functioning. In early summer and late autumn, samples of river water from 14 stations and groundwater from 45 wells were analyzed along a 300 km transect of the Mur River valley, from the Austrian alps to the flats at the Slovenian border. The active and total prokaryotic communities were characterized using high-throughput gene amplicon sequencing. Key physico-chemical parameters and stress indicators were recorded. The dataset was used to challenge ecological concepts and assembly processes in shallow aquifers. The groundwater microbiome is analyzed regarding its composition, change with land use, and difference to the river. Community composition and species turnover differed significantly. At high altitudes, dispersal limitation was the main driver of groundwater community assembly, whereas in the lowland, homogeneous selection explained the larger share. Land use was a key determinant of the groundwater microbiome composition. The alpine region was more diverse and richer in prokaryotic taxa, with some early diverging archaeal lineages being highly abundant. This dataset shows a longitudinal change in prokaryotic communities that is dependent on regional differences affected by geomorphology and land use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Retter
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Steffen Birk
- Institute of Earth Sciences, NAWI Graz Geocenter, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 1180 Wien, Austria
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Clemens Karwautz
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, 1030 Wien, Austria
- Correspondence:
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Terzer-Wassmuth S, Wassenaar LI, Araguás-Araguás LJ, Stumpp C. Balancing precision and throughput of ..17O and .÷...17O analysis of natural waters by Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy. MethodsX 2023; 10:102150. [PMID: 37091953 PMCID: PMC10113836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
δ 17O and Δ'17O are emerging tracers increasingly used in isotope hydrology, climatology, and biochemistry. Differentiating small relative abundance changes in the rare 17O isotope from the strong covariance with 18O imposes ultra-high precision requirements for this isotope analysis. Measurements of δ 17O by Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy (CRDS) are attractive due to the ease of sample preparation, automated throughput, and avoidance of chemical conversions needed for isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. However, the CRDS approach requires trade-offs in measurement precision and uncertainty. In this protocol document, we present the following:•New analytical procedures and a software tool for conducting δ 17O and Δ'17O measurements by CRDS.•Outline a robust uncertainty framework for Δ'17O determinations.•Description of a CRDS performance framework for optimizing throughput, instrumental stability, and Δ'17O measurement precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Terzer-Wassmuth
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section; Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| | - Leonard I. Wassenaar
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section; Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
- Wassercluster Lunz Biological Research Station, Dr Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Luis J. Araguás-Araguás
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Isotope Hydrology Section; Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management; Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
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10
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Boumaiza L, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Zahi F, Huneau F, Garel É, Stotler RL, Bordeleau G, Johannesson KH, Vystavna Y, Drias T, Re V, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination on groundwater in coastal agricultural areas: A case from the Plain of the El-Nil River (North-Eastern Algeria). Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158153. [PMID: 35988595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on coastal aquifers subject to uncontrolled land use development by investigating the combined effects of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination. The research is undertaken in a Mediterranean coastal agricultural area (Plain of the El-Nil River, Algeria), where water resources are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), is combined with a hydrochemical facies evolution diagram, and a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to assess seawater contamination with its inland intrusion, and distinguish the nitrate sources and their apportionment. Results show that seawater intrusion is circumscribed to the sector neighboring the Mediterranean Sea, with two influencing functions including classic inland intrusion through the aquifer, and upstream seawater impact through the river mouth connected to the Mediterranean Sea. Groundwater and surface water samples reveal nitrate concentrations above the natural baseline threshold, suggesting anthropogenic influence. Results from nitrate isotopic composition, NO3 and Cl concentrations, and the MixSIAR model show that nitrate concentrations chiefly originate from sewage and manure sources. Nitrate derived from the sewage is related to wastewater discharge, whereas nitrate derived from the manure is attributed to an excessive use of animal manure to fertilise agricultural areas. The dual negative impact of seawater intrusion and nitrate contamination degrades water quality over a large proportion of the study area. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to effective and sustainable water resources management in the Mediterranean coastal area. Furthermore, this study may improve scientists' ability to predict the combined effect of various anthropogenic stressors on coastal environments and help decision-makers elsewhere to prepare suitable environmental strategies for other regions currently undergoing an early stage of water resources deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Faouzi Zahi
- Université Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia, Département des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Univers, Jijel 18000, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Émilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bordeleau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna 1400, Austria
| | - Tarek Drias
- Université Mustapha Benboulaïd, Département de Géologie, Campus de Fesdiss, 05030 Batna, Algeria
| | - Viviana Re
- University of Pisa, Department of Earth Sciences, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle, Saale 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna 1190, Austria
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11
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Boumaiza L, Walter J, Chesnaux R, Huneau F, Garel É, Erostate M, Johannesson KH, Vystavna Y, Bougherira N, Bordeleau G, Stotler RL, Blarasin M, Gutiérrez M, Knöller K, Stumpp C. Multi-tracer approach to understand nitrate contamination and groundwater-surface water interactions in the Mediterranean coastal area of Guerbes-Senhadja, Algeria. J Contam Hydrol 2022; 251:104098. [PMID: 36404424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Implementing sustainable groundwater resources management in coastal areas is challenging due to the negative impacts of anthropogenic stressors and various interactions between groundwater and surface water. This study focuses on nitrate contamination and transport via groundwater-surface water exchange in a Mediterranean coastal area (Guerbes-Senhadja region, Algeria) that is heavily affected by anthropogenic activities. A multi-tracer approach, integrating hydrogeochemical and isotopic tracers (δ2HH2O, δ18OH2O, 3H, δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3), is combined with a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) to (i) elucidate the nitrate sources and their apportionments in water systems, and (ii) describe potential interactions between groundwater and surface water. Results from nitrate isotopic composition and the MixSIAR model show that nitrate concentrations mainly originate from sewage and manure sources. Nitrate derived from the sewage is attributed to urban and rural wastewater discharge, whereas nitrate derived from the manure is related to animal manure used to fertilise agricultural areas. High apportionments of nitrate-based atmospheric precipitation are identified in groundwater and surface water; a finding that is specific to this study. The multi-origin stresses combined with evidence of interactions between surface water and groundwater contribute to negatively impacting large parts of the study coastal area. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute to sustainable management of coastal ecosystems by drawing more attention towards groundwater use and protection. Furthermore, this study may improve scientists' ability to predict the behavior of anthropogenically impacted coastal ecosystems and help decision-makers elsewhere to prepare suitable environmental strategies for other coastal ecosystems currently undergoing an early stage of groundwater resources deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada.
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Centre d'études sur les ressources minérales, Groupe de recherche Risque Ressource Eau, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Émilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Corte 20250, France
| | - Mélanie Erostate
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, Corte 20250, France; Institution Adour, Service gestion intégrée - Mission nappes profondes, Mont-de-Marsan 40000, France
| | - Karen H Johannesson
- University of Massachusetts Boston, School for the Environment, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Yuliya Vystavna
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Isotope Hydrology Section, Vienna 1400, Austria
| | - Nabil Bougherira
- Université Badji Mokhtar, Département de Géologie, Campus de Sidi-Amar, Annaba 23005, Algeria
| | - Geneviève Bordeleau
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Québec G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Randy L Stotler
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Waterloo, Ontario N2T 0A4, Canada
| | - Mónica Blarasin
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Departamento de Geología, Río Cuarto, Córdoba X5804BYA, Argentina
| | - Mélida Gutiérrez
- Missouri State University, Department of Geography, Geology and Planning, Springfield, MO 65897, USA
| | - Kay Knöller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Vienna 1190, Austria
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12
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Koeniger P, Stumpp C, Schmidt A. Stable isotope patterns of German rivers with aspects on scales, continuity and network status. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2022; 58:363-379. [PMID: 36219556 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2022.2127702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In Germany, river monitoring for tritium started in the early 1970s. Today this monitoring network consists of 50 stations and includes stable isotopes. The stable isotope time series to the end of 2021 are at least four years and for some stations up to 30 years long. Daily river water samples were collected during an extraordinary dry season from October 2018 until end of January 2019 from six selected stations of the Rhine and five stations of the Elbe basin. The most dominating stable isotope effects in river water are the seasonal and altitude effects, but also a continental effect is visible. The isotopes indicate snow and ice melt contributions in the Rhine and Danube during the summer months and a consecutive dilution of these signals by mixing with tributary rivers. Close to the coasts in northern Germany, stable isotope patterns reflect influence of seawater and tides. Daily patterns during the dry season 2018/2019 surprisingly do not exhibit extreme changes but rather trends of enhanced groundwater contribution. Long-term continual data across scales are important for comparing and identifying hydrological processes in German river basins of different size and mean catchment altitudes, and highlight the benefits of a co-organized national network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Koeniger
- Groundwater Resources Quality and Dynamics, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute of Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Schmidt
- Radiology and Water Quality Monitoring, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Koblenz, Germany
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13
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Schlögl J, Wimmer B, Cramaro L, Wirsching J, Poll C, Pagel H, Kandeler E, Huhn C, Griebler C, Stumpp C, Haderlein SB. Heavy rainfall following a summer drought stimulates soil redox dynamics and facilitates rapid and deep translocation of glyphosate in floodplain soils. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2022; 24:825-838. [PMID: 35485927 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00527h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present field data on the effects of heavy rainfall after drought on the mobility of glyphosate and redox conditions in a clayey floodplain soil. By applying glyphosate together with deuterated water as conservative tracer in combination with time resolved in situ redox potential measurements, the spatial and temporal patterns of water infiltration and pesticide transport as well as the concomitant changes of the redox conditions were revealed. Our findings demonstrate that shrinkage cracks in dry soils can serve as effective transport paths for atmospheric oxygen, water and glyphosate. The rain intensity of a typical summer storm event (approx. 25 mm within one hour) was sufficient to translocate deuterated water and glyphosate to the subsoil (50 cm) within 2 hours. Soil wetting induced partial closure of the shrinkage cracks and stimulated microbial activity resulting in pronounced dynamics of in situ soil redox conditions. Redox potentials in 40 to 50 cm depth dropped permanently to strongly reducing conditions within hours to days but fluctuated between reducing and oxidizing conditions in 10 to 30 cm depth. Our findings highlight the close link between the presence of macropores (shrinkage cracks), heavy rainfall after drought, redox dynamics and pesticide translocation to the subsoil and thus call for further studies addressing the effects of dynamic redox conditions as a limiting factor for glyphosate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schlögl
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Wimmer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lena Cramaro
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Wirsching
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Poll
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Pagel
- Department of Biogeophysics, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 27, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ellen Kandeler
- Department of Soil Biology, Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Straße 27, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carolin Huhn
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Environmental Mineralogy, Center for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstraße 94-96, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Wang H, Knabe D, Engelhardt I, Droste B, Rohns HP, Stumpp C, Ho J, Griebler C. Dynamics of pathogens and fecal indicators during riverbank filtration in times of high and low river levels. Water Res 2022; 209:117961. [PMID: 34923443 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Riverbank filtration is an established and quantitatively important approach to mine high-quality raw water for drinking water production. Bacterial fecal indicators are routinely used to monitor hygienic raw water quality, however, their applicability in viral contamination has been questioned repeatedly. Additionally, there are concerns that the increasing frequency and intensity of meteorological and hydrological events, i.e., heavy precipitation and droughts leading to high and low river levels, may impair riverbank filtration performance. In this study, we explored the removal of adenovirus compared with several commonly used bacterial and viral water quality indicators during different river levels. In a seasonal study, water from the Rhine River, a series of groundwater monitoring wells, and a production well were regularly collected and analyzed for adenovirus, coliphages, E. coli, C. perfringens, coliform bacteria, the total number of prokaryotic cells (TCC), and the number of virus-like particles (TVPC) using molecular and cultivation-based assays. Additionally, basic physico-chemical parameters, including temperature, pH, dissolved organic carbon, and nutrients, were measured. The highest log10 reduction during the >72 m of riverbank filtration from the river channel to the production well was observed for coliforms (>3.7 log10), followed by E. coli (>3.4 log10), somatic coliphages (>3.1 log10), C. perfringens (>2.5 log10), and F+ coliphages (>2.1 log10) at high river levels. Adenovirus decreased by 1.6-3.1 log units in the first monitoring well (>32 m) and was not detected in further distant wells. The highest removal efficiency of adenovirus and most other viral and bacterial fecal indicators was achieved during high river levels, which were characterized by increased numbers of pathogens and indicators. During low river levels, coliforms and C. perfringens were occasionally present in raw water at the production well. Adenovirus, quantified via droplet digital PCR, correlated with E. coli, somatic coliphages, TCC, TVPC, pH, and DOC at high river levels. At low river levels, adenoviruses correlated with coliforms, TVPC, pH, and water travel time. We conclude that although standard fecal indicators are insufficient for assessing hygienic raw water quality, a combination of E. coli, coliforms and somatic coliphages can assess riverbank filtration performance in adenovirus removal. Furthermore, effects of extreme hydrological events should be studied on an event-to-event basis at high spatial and temporal resolutions. Finally, there is an urgent need for a lower limit of detection for pathogenic viruses in natural waters. Preconcentration of viral particles from larger water volumes (>100 L) constitutes a promising strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dustin Knabe
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Chair for Hydrogeology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Engelhardt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute for Applied Geosciences, Chair for Hydrogeology, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Droste
- Waterwork Düsseldorf, Himmelgeister Strasse 325, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Rohns
- Waterwork Düsseldorf, Himmelgeister Strasse 325, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Ho
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, D-76139 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- University of Vienna, Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Division of Limnology, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Hein T, Hauer C, Schmid M, Stöglehner G, Stumpp C, Ertl T, Graf W, Habersack H, Haidvogl G, Hood-Novotny R, Laaha G, Langergraber G, Muhar S, Schmid E, Schmidt-Kloiber A, Schmutz S, Schulz K, Weigelhofer G, Winiwarter V, Baldan D, Canet-Marti A, Eder M, Flödl P, Kearney K, Ondiek R, Pucher B, Pucher M, Simperler L, Tschikof M, Wang C. The coupled socio-ecohydrological evolution of river systems: Towards an integrative perspective of river systems in the 21st century. Sci Total Environ 2021; 801:149619. [PMID: 34438150 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
River systems have undergone a massive transformation since the Anthropocene. The natural properties of river systems have been drastically altered and reshaped, limiting the use of management frameworks, their scientific knowledge base and their ability to provide adequate solutions for current problems and those of the future, such as climate change, biodiversity crisis and increased demands for water resources. To address these challenges, a socioecologically driven research agenda for river systems that complements current approaches is needed and proposed. The implementation of the concepts of social metabolism and the colonisation of natural systems into existing concepts can provide a new basis to analyse the coevolutionary coupling of social systems with ecological and hydrological (i.e., 'socio-ecohydrological') systems within rivers. To operationalize this research agenda, we highlight four initial core topics defined as research clusters (RCs) to address specific system properties in an integrative manner. The colonisation of natural systems by social systems is seen as a significant driver of the transformation processes in river systems. These transformation processes are influenced by connectivity (RC 1), which primarily addresses biophysical aspects and governance (RC 2), which focuses on the changes in social systems. The metabolism (RC 3) and vulnerability (RC 4) of the social and natural systems are significant aspects of the coupling of social systems and ecohydrological systems with investments, energy, resources, services and associated risks and impacts. This socio-ecohydrological research agenda complements other recent approaches, such as 'socio-ecological', 'socio-hydrological' or 'socio-geomorphological' systems, by focusing on the coupling of social systems with natural systems in rivers and thus, by viewing the socioeconomic features of river systems as being just as important as their natural characteristics. The proposed research agenda builds on interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity and requires the implementation of such programmes into the education of a new generation of river system scientists, managers and engineers who are aware of the transformation processes and the coupling between systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hein
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria.
| | - Christoph Hauer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Stöglehner
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Spatial Planning, Environmental Planning and Land Rearrangement, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ertl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Graf
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Habersack
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gertrud Haidvogl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rebecca Hood-Novotny
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Soil Research, Konrad Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430 Tulln/Donau, Austria
| | - Gregor Laaha
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Statistics, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Günter Langergraber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanna Muhar
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Schmid
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, Feistmantelstraße 4, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Schmutz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Schulz
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Weigelhofer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Verena Winiwarter
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Social Ecology, Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria
| | - Damiano Baldan
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Alba Canet-Marti
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Eder
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Flödl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and River Research, Muthgasse 107, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kearney
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Risper Ondiek
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pucher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Pucher
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Lena Simperler
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Water Pollution Control, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Tschikof
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, Gregor Mendel Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; WasserCluster Lunz - Biologische Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See, Austria
| | - Cong Wang
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Fillinger L, Hürkamp K, Stumpp C, Weber N, Forster D, Hausmann B, Schultz L, Griebler C. Spatial and Annual Variation in Microbial Abundance, Community Composition, and Diversity Associated With Alpine Surface Snow. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:781904. [PMID: 34912321 PMCID: PMC8667604 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.781904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding microbial community dynamics in the alpine cryosphere is an important step toward assessing climate change impacts on these fragile ecosystems and meltwater-fed environments downstream. In this study, we analyzed microbial community composition, variation in community alpha and beta diversity, and the number of prokaryotic cells and virus-like particles (VLP) in seasonal snowpack from two consecutive years at three high altitude mountain summits along a longitudinal transect across the European Alps. Numbers of prokaryotic cells and VLP both ranged around 104 and 105 per mL of snow meltwater on average, with variation generally within one order of magnitude between sites and years. VLP-to-prokaryotic cell ratios spanned two orders of magnitude, with median values close to 1, and little variation between sites and years in the majority of cases. Estimates of microbial community alpha diversity inferred from Hill numbers revealed low contributions of common and abundant microbial taxa to the total taxon richness, and thus low community evenness. Similar to prokaryotic cell and VLP numbers, differences in alpha diversity between years and sites were generally relatively modest. In contrast, community composition displayed strong variation between sites and especially between years. Analyses of taxonomic and phylogenetic community composition showed that differences between sites within years were mainly characterized by changes in abundances of microbial taxa from similar phylogenetic clades, whereas shifts between years were due to significant phylogenetic turnover. Our findings on the spatiotemporal dynamics and magnitude of variation of microbial abundances, community diversity, and composition in surface snow may help define baseline levels to assess future impacts of climate change on the alpine cryosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fillinger
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Hürkamp
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weber
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Forster
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bela Hausmann
- Joint Microbiome Facility of the Medical University of Vienna and the University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lotta Schultz
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Griebler
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Stevens CA, Lyons AR, Dharmayat KI, Freiberger T, Hovingh GK, Mata P, Raal FJ, Santos RD, Soran H, Watts GF, Abifadel M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Alhabib KF, Alkhnifsawi M, Almahmeed W, Alnouri F, Alonso R, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Sarraf A, Al-Sayed N, Araujo F, Ashavaid TF, Banach M, Béliard S, Benn M, Binder CJ, Bogsrud MP, Bourbon M, Chlebus K, Corral P, Davletov K, Descamps OS, Durst R, Ezhov M, Gaita D, Genest J, Groselj U, Harada-Shiba M, Holven KB, Kayikcioglu M, Khovidhunkit W, Lalic K, Latkovskis G, Laufs U, Liberopoulos E, Lima-Martinez MM, Lin J, Maher V, Marais AD, März W, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Nawawi H, Nordestgaard BG, Panayiotou AG, Paragh G, Petrulioniene Z, Pojskic B, Postadzhiyan A, Raslova K, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Sadiq F, Sadoh WE, Schunkert H, Shek AB, Stoll M, Stroes E, Su TC, Subramaniam T, Susekov AV, Tilney M, Tomlinson B, Truong TH, Tselepis AD, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Vázquez Cárdenas A, Viigimaa M, Wang L, Yamashita S, Kastelein JJ, Bruckert E, Vohnout B, Schreier L, Pang J, Ebenbichler C, Dieplinger H, Innerhofer R, Winhofer-Stöckl Y, Greber-Platzer S, Krychtiuk K, Speidl W, Toplak H, Widhalm K, Stulnig T, Huber K, Höllerl F, Rega-Kaun G, Kleemann L, Mäser M, Scholl-Bürgi S, Säly C, Mayer FJ, Sablon G, Tarantino E, Nzeyimana C, Pojskic L, Sisic I, Nalbantic AD, Jannes CE, Pereira AC, Krieger JE, Petrov I, Goudev A, Nikolov F, Tisheva S, Yotov Y, Tzvetkov I, Baass A, Bergeron J, Bernard S, Brisson D, Brunham LR, Cermakova L, Couture P, Francis GA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Khoury E, Mancini GJ, McCrindle BW, Paquette M, Ruel I, Cuevas A, Asenjo S, Wang X, Meng K, Song X, Yong Q, Jiang T, Liu Z, Duan Y, Hong J, Ye P, Chen Y, Qi J, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Peng J, Yang Y, Yu W, Wang Q, Yuan H, Cheng S, Jiang L, Chong M, Jiao J, Wu Y, Wen W, Xu L, Zhang R, Qu Y, He J, Fan X, Wang Z, Chow E, Pećin I, Perica D, Symeonides P, Vrablik M, Ceska R, Soska V, Tichy L, Adamkova V, Franekova J, Cifkova R, Kraml P, Vonaskova K, Cepova J, Dusejovska M, Pavlickova L, Blaha V, Rosolova H, Nussbaumerova B, Cibulka R, Vaverkova H, Cibickova L, Krejsova Z, Rehouskova K, Malina P, Budikova M, Palanova V, Solcova L, Lubasova A, Podzimkova H, Bujdak J, Vesely J, Jordanova M, Salek T, Urbanek R, Zemek S, Lacko J, Halamkova H, Machacova S, Mala S, Cubova E, Valoskova K, Burda L, Bendary A, Daoud I, Emil S, Elbahry A, Rafla S, Sanad O, Kazamel G, Ashraf M, Sobhy M, El-Hadidy A, Shafy MA, Kamal S, Bendary M, Talviste G, Angoulvant D, Boccara F, Cariou B, Carreau V, Carrie A, Charrieres S, Cottin Y, Di-Fillipo M, Ducluzeau PH, Dulong S, Durlach V, Farnier M, Ferrari E, Ferrieres D, Ferrieres J, Gallo A, hankard R, Inamo J, Lemale J, Moulin P, Paillard F, Peretti N, Perrin A, Pradignac A, Rabes JP, Rigalleau V, Sultan A, Schiele F, Tounian P, Valero R, Verges B, Yelnik C, Ziegler O, Haack IA, Schmidt N, Dressel A, Klein I, Christmann J, Sonntag A, Stumpp C, Boger D, Biedermann D, Usme MM, Beil FU, Klose G, König C, Gouni-Berthold I, Otte B, Böll G, Kirschbaum A, Merke J, Scholl J, Segiet T, Gebauer M, Predica F, Mayer M, Leistikow F, Füllgraf-Horst S, Müller C, Schüler M, Wiener J, Hein K, Baumgartner P, Kopf S, Busch R, Schömig M, Matthias S, Allendorf-Ostwald N, Fink B, Böhm D, Jäkel A, Koschker AC, Schweizer R, Vogt A, Parhofer K, König W, Reinhard W, Bäßler A, Stadelmann A, Schrader V, Katzmann J, Tarr A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kassner U, Paulsen G, Homberger J, Zemmrich C, Seeger W, Biolik K, Deiss D, Richter C, Pantchechnikova E, Dorn E, Schatz U, Julius U, Spens A, Wiesner T, Scholl M, Rizos CV, Sakkas N, Elisaf M, Skoumas I, Tziomalos K, Rallidis L, Kotsis V, Doumas M, Athyros V, Skalidis E, Kolovou G, Garoufi A, Bilianou E, Koutagiar I, Agapakis D, Kiouri E, Antza C, Katsiki N, Zacharis E, Attilakos A, Sfikas G, Koumaras C, Anagnostis P, Anastasiou G, Liamis G, Koutsogianni AD, Karányi Z, Harangi M, Bajnok L, Audikovszky M, Márk L, Benczúr B, Reiber I, Nagy G, Nagy A, Reddy LL, Shah SA, Ponde CK, Dalal JJ, Sawhney JP, Verma IC, Altaey M, Al-Jumaily K, Rasul D, Abdalsahib AF, Jabbar AA, Al-ageedi M, Agar R, Cohen H, Ellis A, Gavishv D, Harats D, Henkin Y, Knobler H, Leavit L, Leitersdorf E, Rubinstein A, Schurr D, Shpitzen S, Szalat A, Casula M, Zampoleri V, Gazzotti M, Olmastroni E, Sarzani R, Ferri C, Repetti E, Sabbà C, Bossi AC, Borghi C, Muntoni S, Cipollone F, Purrello F, Pujia A, Passaro A, Marcucci R, Pecchioli V, Pisciotta L, Mandraffino G, Pellegatta F, Mombelli G, Branchi A, Fiorenza AM, Pederiva C, Werba JP, Parati G, Carubbi F, Iughetti L, Iannuzzi A, Iannuzzo G, Calabrò P, Averna M, Biasucci G, Zambon S, Roscini AR, Trenti C, Arca M, Federici M, Del Ben M, Bartuli A, Giaccari A, Pipolo A, Citroni N, Guardamagna O, Bonomo K, Benso A, Biolo G, Maroni L, Lupi A, Bonanni L, Zenti MG, Matsuki K, Hori M, Ogura M, Masuda D, Kobayashi T, Nagahama K, Al-Jarallah M, Radovic M, Lunegova O, Bektasheva E, Khodzhiboboev E, Erglis A, Gilis D, Nesterovics G, Saripo V, Meiere R, Upena-RozeMicena A, Terauda E, Jambart S, Khoury PE, Elbitar S, Ayoub C, Ghaleb Y, Aliosaitiene U, Kutkiene S, Kasim NA, Nor NS, Ramli AS, Razak SA, Al-Khateeb A, Kadir SH, Muid SA, Rahman TA, Kasim SS, Radzi AB, Ibrahim KS, Razali S, Ismail Z, Ghani RA, Hafidz MI, Chua AL, Rosli MM, Annamalai M, Teh LK, Razali R, Chua YA, Rosman A, Sanusi AR, Murad NA, Jamal ARA, Nazli SA, Razman AZ, Rosman N, Rahmat R, Hamzan NS, Azzopardi C, Mehta R, Martagon AJ, Ramirez GA, Villa NE, Vazquez AV, Elias-Lopez D, Retana GG, Rodriguez B, Macías JJ, Zazueta AR, Alvarado RM, Portano JD, Lopez HA, Sauque-Reyna L, Herrera LG, Mendia LE, Aguilar HG, Cooremans ER, Aparicio BP, Zubieta VM, Gonzalez PA, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Portilla NC, Dominguez GJ, Garcia AY, Cazares HE, Gonzalez JR, Valencia CV, Padilla FG, Prado RM, De los Rios Ibarra MO, Villicaña RD, Rivera KJ, Carrera RA, Alvarez JA, Martinez JC, de los Reyes Barrera Bustillo M, Vargas GC, Chacon RC, Andrade MH, Ortega AF, Alcala HG, de Leon LE, Guzman BG, Garcia JJ, Cuellar JC, Cruz JR, Garcia AH, Almada JR, Herrera UJ, Sobrevilla FL, Rodriguez EM, Sibaja CM, Rodriguez AB, Oyervides JC, Vazquez DI, Rodriguez EA, Osorio ML, Saucedo JR, Tamayo MT, Talavera LA, Arroyo LE, Carrillo EA, Isara A, Obaseki DE, Al-Waili K, Al-Zadjali F, Al-Zakwani I, Al-Kindi M, Al-Mukhaini S, Al-Barwani H, Rana A, Shah LS, Starostecka E, Konopka A, Lewek J, Bartłomiejczyk M, Gąsior M, Dyrbuś K, Jóźwiak J, Gruchała M, Pajkowski M, Romanowska-Kocejko M, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka M, Chmara M, Wasąg B, Parczewska A, Gilis-Malinowska N, Borowiec-Wolna J, Stróżyk A, Woś M, Michalska-Grzonkowska A, Medeiros AM, Alves AC, Silva F, Lobarinhas G, Palma I, de Moura JP, Rico MT, Rato Q, Pais P, Correia S, Moldovan O, Virtuoso MJ, Salgado JM, Colaço I, Dumitrescu A, Lengher C, Mosteoru S, Meshkov A, Ershova A, Rozkova T, Korneva V, Yu KT, Zafiraki V, Voevoda M, Gurevich V, Duplyakov D, Ragino Y, Safarova M, Shaposhnik I, Alkaf F, Khudari A, Rwaili N, Al-Allaf F, Alghamdi M, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Kinsara A, AlQudaimi AH, Awan Z, Elamin OA, Altaradi H, Rajkovic N, Popovic L, Singh S, Stosic L, Rasulic I, Lalic NM, Lam C, Le TJ, Siang EL, Dissanayake S, I-Shing JT, Shyong TE, Jin TC, Balinth K, Buganova I, Fabryova L, Kadurova M, Klabnik A, Kozárová M, Sirotiakova J, Battelino T, Kovac J, Mlinaric M, Sustar U, Podkrajsek KT, Fras Z, Jug B, Cevc M, Pilcher GJ, Blom D, Wolmarans K, Brice B, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Díaz-Díaz JL, de Isla LP, Fuentes F, Badimon L, Martin F, Lux A, Chang NT, Ganokroj P, Akbulut M, Alici G, Bayram F, Can LH, Celik A, Ceyhan C, Coskun FY, Demir M, Demircan S, Dogan V, Durakoglugil E, Dural IE, Gedikli O, Hacioglu A, Ildizli M, Kilic S, Kirilmaz B, Kutlu M, Oguz A, Ozdogan O, Onrat E, Ozer S, Sabuncu T, Sahin T, Sivri F, Sonmez A, Temizhan A, Topcu S, Tuncez A, Vural M, Yenercag M, Yesilbursa D, Yigit Z, Yildirim AB, Yildirir A, Yilmaz MB, Atallah B, Traina M, Sabbour H, Hay DA, Luqman N, Elfatih A, Abdulrasheed A, Kwok S, Oca ND, Reyes X, Alieva RB, Kurbanov RD, Hoshimov SU, Nizamov UI, Ziyaeva AV, Abdullaeva GJ, Do DL, Nguyen MN, Kim NT, Le TT, Le HA, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL, Ray KK. Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Lancet 2021; 398:1713-1725. [PMID: 34506743 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. METHODS Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. FINDINGS Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3-58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5-56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32-6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20-5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). INTERPRETATION Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. FUNDING Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron.
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Hartmann A, Jasechko S, Gleeson T, Wada Y, Andreo B, Barberá JA, Brielmann H, Bouchaou L, Charlier JB, Darling WG, Filippini M, Garvelmann J, Goldscheider N, Kralik M, Kunstmann H, Ladouche B, Lange J, Lucianetti G, Martín JF, Mudarra M, Sánchez D, Stumpp C, Zagana E, Wagener T. Risk of groundwater contamination widely underestimated because of fast flow into aquifers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024492118. [PMID: 33972438 PMCID: PMC8158018 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024492118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundwater pollution threatens human and ecosystem health in many regions around the globe. Fast flow to the groundwater through focused recharge is known to transmit short-lived pollutants into carbonate aquifers, endangering the quality of groundwaters where one quarter of the world's population lives. However, the large-scale impact of such focused recharge on groundwater quality remains poorly understood. Here, we apply a continental-scale model to quantify the risk of groundwater contamination by degradable pollutants through focused recharge in the carbonate rock regions of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. We show that focused recharge is the primary reason for widespread rapid transport of contaminants to the groundwater. Where it occurs, the concentration of pollutants in groundwater recharge that have not yet degraded increases from <1% to around 20 to 50% of their concentrations during infiltration. Assuming realistic application rates, our simulations show that degradable pollutants like glyphosate can exceed their permissible concentrations by 3 to 19 times when reaching the groundwater. Our results are supported by independent estimates of young water fractions at 78 carbonate rock springs over Europe and a dataset of observed glyphosate concentrations in the groundwater. They imply that in times of continuing and increasing industrial and agricultural productivity, focused recharge may result in an underestimated and widespread risk to usable groundwater volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hartmann
- Hydrological Modeling and Water Resources, University of Freiburg, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany;
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1TR, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Jasechko
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93117
| | - Tom Gleeson
- Department of Civil Engineering and School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Yoshihide Wada
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bartolomé Andreo
- Department of Geology and Centre of Hydrogeology at the University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Barberá
- Department of Geology and Centre of Hydrogeology at the University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Heike Brielmann
- Environment Agency Austria, Groundwater Unit, Spittelauer Laende 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lhoussaine Bouchaou
- Laboratory of Applied Geology and Geo- Environment, Ibn Zohr University, BP 8106 Agadir, Morocco
- International Water Research Institute, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Jean-Baptiste Charlier
- BRGM, University of Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- G-eau, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Supagro, BRGM, F-34196 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Maria Filippini
- Department of Biological Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jakob Garvelmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- boden & grundwasser Allgäu GmbH, D-87527 Sonthofen, Germany
| | - Nico Goldscheider
- Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Kralik
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Center for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kunstmann
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Alpin, D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Institute of Geography, University of Augsburg, D-86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Bernard Ladouche
- BRGM, University of Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier, France
- G-eau, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, AgroParisTech, Supagro, BRGM, F-34196 Montpellier, France
| | - Jens Lange
- Hydrology, University of Freiburg, D-79098 Freiburg,Germany
| | | | - José Francisco Martín
- Department of Geology and Centre of Hydrogeology at the University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Matías Mudarra
- Department of Geology and Centre of Hydrogeology at the University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Damián Sánchez
- Department of Geology and Centre of Hydrogeology at the University of Malaga, 29071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Department of Water, Atmosphere and Environment, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleni Zagana
- Laboratory of Hydrogeology, Department of Geology, University of Patras, 26500 Rion Patras, Greece
| | - Thorsten Wagener
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1TR, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, BS8 1UH, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Institute for Environmental Science and Geography, University of Potsdam, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Boumaiza L, Chesnaux R, Walter J, Stumpp C. Constraining a Flow Model with Field Measurements to Assess Water Transit Time Through a Vadose Zone. Ground Water 2021; 59:417-427. [PMID: 33084040 DOI: 10.1111/gwat.13056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The modeling of thick vadose zones is particularly challenging because of difficulties in collecting a variety of measured sediment properties, which are required for parameterizing the model. Some models rely on synthetic data, whereas others are simplified by running as homogeneous sediment domains and relying on a single set of sediment properties. Few studies have simulated flow processes through a thick vadose zone using real and comprehensive data sets comprising multiple measurements. Here, we develop a flow model for a 7-m-thick vadose zone. This model, combining the numerical codes CTRAN/W with SEEP/W, includes the measured sediment hydraulic properties of the investigated vadose zone and incorporates the actual climate and subsurface conditions of the study site (precipitations, water-table elevations, and stable isotope data). The model is calibrated by fitting the simulated and measured vertical profiles of water content. Our flow model calculates a transit time of 1 year for the travel of water through the 7-m vadose zone; this estimate matches stable isotope-based results obtained previously for this site. A homogeneous sediment domain flow model, which considers only a single set of sediment properties, produces a transit time that is approximately half the duration of that of the heterogeneous flow model. This difference highlights the importance of assuming heterogeneous material within models of thick vadose zones and testifies to the advantage gained when using real sediment hydraulic properties to parametrize a flow model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Département des Sciences Appliquées, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, (Québec), G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Julien Walter
- Département des Sciences Appliquées, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, (Québec), G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190, Austria
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Schübl M, Kiecak A, Hug K, Lintelmann J, Zimmermann R, Stumpp C. Sorption and biodegradation parameters of selected pharmaceuticals in laboratory column experiments. J Contam Hydrol 2021; 236:103738. [PMID: 33310632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds have increasingly been detected in groundwater worldwide. Despite constituting a risk for human health and ecosystems, their fate in the environment has still not been exhaustively investigated. This study characterizes the transport behavior of five selected pharmaceutically active compounds (antipyrine, atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole) in two sediments (coarse quartz sand and sandy loam) using column experiments with long-term injection of spiked groundwater. Transport parameters were estimated using an analytical reactive transport model. When five selected compounds were injected simultaneously, transport behavior of antipyrine, carbamazepine and the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole were similar to the conservative tracer in both sediments and under varying redox conditions. Atenolol and caffeine were retarded significantly stronger in the sandy loam sediment than in the coarse quartz sand. Biodegradation of caffeine was observed in both sediments after an adaption period and depended on dissolved oxygen. The identification of biodegradation processes was supported by monitoring of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATPitc) as a measure for microbial activity. ATPitc was present in varying concentrations in all sediments and was highest when biodegradation of pharmaceuticals, especially caffeine, was observed. When only caffeine and sulfamethoxazole were injected simultaneously, sulfamethoxazole was degraded while caffeine degradation was reduced. The latter seemed to be influenced by low concentrations in dissolved oxygen rather than the presence of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole. Results of these experiments emphasize the impact on pharmaceutical sorption and (bio)degradation of sediment type and redox conditions, as well as available time for microbial adaption and the combination of pharmaceuticals that are released together into groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Schübl
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Kiecak
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; Chair of Hydrogeology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Hug
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Lintelmann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre of the research unit Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; The Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Germany; Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre of the research unit Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; The Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria; Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center of Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.
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21
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Boumaiza L, Chesnaux R, Drias T, Walter J, Huneau F, Garel E, Knoeller K, Stumpp C. Identifying groundwater degradation sources in a Mediterranean coastal area experiencing significant multi-origin stresses. Sci Total Environ 2020; 746:141203. [PMID: 32795761 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the multiple contamination sources of a coastal Mediterranean aquifer in northeastern Algeria that is bordered by two rivers and neighboring densely populated areas. Hydrogeochemical and isotopic groundwater characterization is carried out, including the analyses of major elements, water stable isotopes δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O, and stable isotopes of nitrate δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3, and then integrated into the history of land use over the study area. Groundwater nitrate concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 235 mg/L with a median value of 69 mg/L are evidence of the degradation of groundwater quality induced by anthropogenic sources. The combined of δ15N-NO3 and δ18O-NO3 ratios showed that nitrate in groundwater is attributable to (i) the uncontrolled development of inadequate private sanitation systems over the study area, and (ii) the unsafe application of animal manure to fertilize crops. Very active saltwater intrusion is confirmed by several hydrogeochemical indicators. Interestingly, the intrusion mechanism appears to be more complex than a direct intrusion from the Mediterranean Sea. During the high-water period, saltwater intrusion may also originate from the two rivers bordering the aquifer, via upstream migration of seawater through the river mouths. The heavier ratios in δ2H-H2O and δ18O-H2O of surface water collected from the rivers suggest that water from the Mediterranean Sea is mixing with water in the rivers. Multi-source contamination not only contributes to complex chemical reactions within the aquifer, but also contributes, via the cumulative effect of the various sources, to affecting large parts of the study area. The present study may serve as a warning to the effect that historical land-use practices may exert seriously deleterious impacts on groundwater quality and greatly limit conditions for the sustainable management of Mediterranean coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamine Boumaiza
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Romain Chesnaux
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Tarek Drias
- Université Mustapha Benboulaïd, Département de Géologie, Campus de Fesdiss, 05030 Batna, Algeria
| | - Julien Walter
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Département des Sciences Appliquées, 555, boulevard de l'Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Frédéric Huneau
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France
| | - Emilie Garel
- Université de Corse Pascal Paoli, Département d'Hydrogéologie, Campus Grimaldi, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France; CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, BP 52, F-20250 Corte, France
| | - Kay Knoeller
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Catchment Hydrology, Theodor Lieser Str. 4, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Brunetti G, Papagrigoriou IA, Stumpp C. Disentangling model complexity in green roof hydrological analysis: A Bayesian perspective. Water Res 2020; 182:115973. [PMID: 32673862 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Green Roofs (GRs) have proven to be a sustainable solution to stormwater management in urban areas. To boost their adoption at the large scale, there is a need to develop numerical models, which are accurate, computationally cheap, and as complex as needed to reproduce the hydrological behavior of GRs. Alternative conceptual and mechanistic approaches have been proposed and tested, however the most appropriate level of model complexity for GRs' analysis is still unknown. To cover this scientific gap, we provide a Bayesian comprehensive perspective of GR hydrological modeling, which includes a statistically rigorous Bayesian comparison of one conceptual and multiple Richards-based mechanistic GR models, and a probabilistic assessment of the information content of different observations. The analysis of the marginal likelihoods reveals that the conceptual and the unimodal van Genuchten - Mualem models are the most appropriate parameterizations, and that further layers of model complexity are not fully supported by the measurements. In addition to that, the estimated Kullback-Leibler divergences suggest that the measured volumetric water content outperforms the measured subsurface outflow and tracer concentrations in terms of informativeness, leading to the lowest model predictive uncertainty for the simulation of water fluxes. The findings of this study represent a first step to clarify the role of model complexity in GRs' analysis, and open new perspective on GRs' model-based experimental design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Brunetti
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria.
| | | | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, 1190, Austria
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23
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Schulze-Makuch D, Haque S, Beckles D, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Harir M, Schneider B, Stumpp C, Wagner D. A chemical and microbial characterization of selected mud volcanoes in Trinidad reveals pathogens introduced by surface water and rain water. Sci Total Environ 2020; 707:136087. [PMID: 31874397 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial mud volcanoes are unique structures driven by tectonic pressure and fluids from the deep subsurface. These structures are mainly found in active tectonic zones, such as the area near the Los Bajos Fault in Trinidad. Here we report a chemical and microbiological characterization of three mud volcanoes, which included analyses of multiple liquid and solid samples from the mud volcanoes. Our study confirms previous suggestions that at least some of the mud volcano fluids are a mixture of deeper salt-rich water and surficial/precipitation water. No apparent water quality differences were found between sampling sites north and south of a major geological fault line. Microbiological analyses revealed diverse communities, both aerobic and anaerobic, including sulfate reducers, methanogens, carbon dioxide fixing and denitrifying bacteria. Several identified species were halophilic and likely derived from the deeper salt-rich subsurface water, while we also cultivated pathogenic species from the Vibrionaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Shewanellaceae, and Clostridiaceae. These microorganisms were likely introduced into the mud volcano fluids both from surface water or shallow ground-water, and perhaps to a more minor degree by rain water. The identified pathogens are a major health concern that needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schulze-Makuch
- Astrobiology Group, Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Groundwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 16775 Stechlin, Germany.
| | - Shirin Haque
- University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Denise Beckles
- University of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical Biogeochemistry, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Analytical Food Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Beate Schneider
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Soil Physics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Section Geomicrobiology, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Geosciences, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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24
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Kiecak A, Sassine L, Boy-Roura M, Elsner M, Mas-Pla J, Le Gal La Salle C, Stumpp C. Sorption properties and behaviour at laboratory scale of selected pharmaceuticals using batch experiments. J Contam Hydrol 2019; 225:103500. [PMID: 31102981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing public concern about the frequent occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water bodies, their transport and fate are not yet well known; in particular in groundwater. In this laboratory study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the sorption behaviour of selected pharmaceuticals. The choice of compounds was motivated by their chemical properties as well as by their occurrence at the relevant field sites. It included: antipyrine, atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, ketoprofen, ofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole. Sorption behaviour has already been investigated for some of these compounds (e.g. carbamazepine), but for the others (e.g. antipyrine, ketoprofen), extensive studies are missing so far. For the experiments, artificial and actual aquifer materials from complementary field sites were selected: technical coarse quartz sand and sediments from alluvial Vistrenque Aquifer, France (sandy loam), and fluvio-deltaic Baix Fluvià Aquifer, Spain (sandy clay loam, clay, and medium sand). In these field sites occurrence of pharmaceuticals in groundwater was previously stated, and the presented laboratory experiments were complementary to the field investigations. Five concentration steps for determining the sorption isotherms were investigated. Correlation analysis showed dependencies of K-coefficients of individual compounds and sediment properties; however, no clear, universal patterns for all compounds were found. Batch experiments suggest that sorption behaviour was governed by compound-specific properties rather than by sediment properties. These results contribute to the understanding sorption behaviour of pharmaceuticals in heterogeneous sediments, although some inconsistencies were revealed between laboratory scale results and field scale observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kiecak
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
| | - Lara Sassine
- University of Nîmes, 7352 CHROME, ruc du Dr Georges Salan, Nîmes 30021, France
| | - Mercè Boy-Roura
- Catalan Institute for Water Research - ICRA, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Josep Mas-Pla
- Catalan Institute for Water Research - ICRA, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Grup de Recerca GAiA-Geocamb, Dept de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | | | - Christine Stumpp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management (IHLW), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
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25
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Gharasoo M, Wietzke LM, Knorr B, Bakkour R, Elsner M, Stumpp C. A robust optimization technique for analysis of multi-tracer experiments. J Contam Hydrol 2019; 224:103481. [PMID: 31005265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fate and transport of solutes in heterogeneous porous media is largely affected by diffusive mass exchange between mobile and immobile water zones. Since it is difficult to directly measure and determine the effect in the aquifers, multi-tracer experiments in combination with mathematical modeling are used to obtain quantitative information about unknown system parameters such as the effective mobile and immobile porosity, and the diffusive mass exchange between mobile and immobile water zones. The Single Fissure Dispersion Model (SFDM) describing nonreactive transport of solutes in saturated dual-porosity media, has been employed as a modeling approach to explain dual-porosity experiments in the field and laboratory (column experiments). SFDM optimization with conventional methods of minimization was immensely difficult due to its complex analytical form. Thus, previous studies used a trial and error procedure to fit it to the experimental observations. In this study, a rigorous optimization technique based on the newly developed scatter search method is presented that automatically minimizes the SFDM to find the optimal values of the hydrogeologically related parameters. The new program (OptSFDM) is accompanied with an easy-to-use graphical user interface (GUI) that is flexible and fully integrated. The program usability is showcased by a few, previously presented experimental case studies, and compared against the currently available, trial-and-error based, command-line executable, SFDM code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Gharasoo
- University of Waterloo, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Ecohydrology, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Luzie M Wietzke
- German Research Centre for Geoscience - GFZ, Hydrology, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bastian Knorr
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rani Bakkour
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Technical University of Munich, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Marchioninistr. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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26
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Salgado-Méndez S, Gilabert-Alarcón C, Daesslé LW, Mendoza-Espinosa L, Avilés-Marín S, Stumpp C. Short-Term Effects on Agricultural Soils Irrigated with Reclaimed Water in Baja California, México. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019; 102:829-835. [PMID: 30972441 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In 2014 reclaimed water (RW) started to be used for agricultural irrigation of 200 ha in Maneadero Valley, Baja California, Mexico. The RW had relatively high electrical conductivity (4-5 dS m-1), and K+, Mg2+, PO43- and Cl- concentrations relative to irrigation guidelines. However, no accumulation of these elements, nor total nitrogen, was observed in the studied soils. The main effect of RW irrigation was the downcore leaching of Cl- and Na+ below 120 cm, causing an increase in electrical conductivity in the lower soil horizons. Al, Fe and Zn showed a twofold to eightfold accumulation in the top soil layer after 2 years. Moderate to severe chemical clogging of dripping systems and potential biological clogging are likely to occur. Mexican national guidelines for the reuse of RW do not take into account specific variables that could change the quality of agricultural soil or lead to clogging of drip irrigation systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salgado-Méndez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Doctorado en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - C Gilabert-Alarcón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Doctorado en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - L W Daesslé
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Doctorado en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - L Mendoza-Espinosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Doctorado en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No 3917, Fraccionamiento Playitas, C.P. 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - S Avilés-Marín
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Carretera Delta s/n, C.P. 21705, Ejido Nuevo León, Baja California, Mexico
| | - C Stumpp
- Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
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La Cono V, Bortoluzzi G, Messina E, La Spada G, Smedile F, Giuliano L, Borghini M, Stumpp C, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Harir M, O'Neill WK, Hallsworth JE, Yakimov M. The discovery of Lake Hephaestus, the youngest athalassohaline deep-sea formation on Earth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1679. [PMID: 30737448 PMCID: PMC6368551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrated, magnesium-rich minerals and subglacial brines exist on the martian surface, so the habitability of high-Mg2+ environments on Earth has extraterrestrial (as well as terrestrial) implications. Here, we report the discovery of a MgCl2-dominated (4.72 M) brine lake on the floor of the Mediterranean Ridge that underlies a 3500-m water column, and name it Lake Hephaestus. Stable isotope analyses indicated that the Hephaestus brine is derived from interactions between ancient bishofite-enriched evaporites and subsurface fluids. Analyses of sediment pore waters indicated that the Hephaestus depression had contained the MgCl2 brine for a remarkably short period; only 700 years. Lake Hephaestus is, therefore, the youngest among currently known submarine athalassohaline brine lakes on Earth. Due to its biologically hostile properties (low water-activity and extreme chaotropicity), the Hephaestus brine is devoid of life. By contrast, the seawater-Hephaestus brine interface has been shown to act as refuge for extremely halophilic and magnesium-adapted stratified communities of microbes, even at MgCl2 concentrations that approach the water-activity limit for life (0.653).
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta La Cono
- CNR, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | | | - Enzo Messina
- CNR, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Gina La Spada
- CNR, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Francesco Smedile
- CNR, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina, 98122, Italy
| | - Laura Giuliano
- Mediterranean Science Commission (CIESM), MC, 98000, Monaco
| | | | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Wien, 1190, Austria
| | - Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Analytische Lebensmittelchemie, Freising, 85354, Germany
| | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - William K O'Neill
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Michail Yakimov
- CNR, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Messina, 98122, Italy. .,Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, 236016, Russia.
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Chiogna G, Skrobanek P, Narany TS, Ludwig R, Stumpp C. Effects of the 2017 drought on isotopic and geochemical gradients in the Adige catchment, Italy. Sci Total Environ 2018; 645:924-936. [PMID: 30032088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Chiogna
- Faculty of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany; Institute of Geography, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52f, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Patrick Skrobanek
- Faculty of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Tahoora Sheikhy Narany
- Faculty of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Arcisstr. 21, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institiute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
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29
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Birkigt J, Stumpp C, Małoszewski P, Nijenhuis I. Evaluation of the hydrological flow paths in a gravel bed filter modeling a horizontal subsurface flow wetland by using a multi-tracer experiment. Sci Total Environ 2018; 621:265-272. [PMID: 29186701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, constructed wetland systems have become into focus as means of cost-efficient organic contaminant management. Wetland systems provide a highly reactive environment in which several removal pathways of organic chemicals may be present at the same time; however, specific elimination processes and hydraulic conditions are usually separately investigated and thus not fully understood. The flow system in a three dimensional pilot-scale horizontal subsurface constructed wetland was investigated applying a multi-tracer test combined with a mathematical model to evaluate the flow and transport processes. The results indicate the existence of a multiple flow system with two distinct flow paths through the gravel bed and a preferential flow at the bottom transporting 68% of tracer mass resulting from the inflow design of the model wetland system. There the removal of main contaminant chlorobenzene was up to 52% based on different calculation approaches. Determined retention times in the range of 22d to 32.5d the wetland has a heterogeneous flow pattern. Differences between simulated and measured tracer concentrations in the upper sediment indicate diffusion dominated processes due to stagnant water zones. The tracer study combining experimental evaluation with mathematical modeling demonstrated the complexity of flow and transport processes in the constructed wetlands which need to be taken into account during interpretation of the determining attenuation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Birkigt
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Piotr Małoszewski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health - Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany; AGH University of Science and Technology Kraków, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstraße 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management, Univ. of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Institute of Groundwater EcologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenMünchenGermany
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Gassen N, Griebler C, Werban U, Trauth N, Stumpp C. High Resolution Monitoring Above and Below the Groundwater Table Uncovers Small-Scale Hydrochemical Gradients. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:13806-13815. [PMID: 29131645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochemical solute concentrations in the shallow subsurface can be spatially highly variable within small scales, particularly at interfaces. However, most monitoring systems fail to capture these small scale variations. Within this study, we developed a high resolution multilevel well (HR-MLW) with which we monitored water across the interface of the unsaturated and saturated zone with a vertical resolution of 0.05-0.5 m. We installed three of these 4 m deep HR-MLWs in the riparian zone of a third-order river and analyzed for hydrochemical parameters and stable water isotopes. The results showed three distinct vertical zones (unsaturated zone, upper saturated zone, lower saturated zone) within the alluvial aquifer. A 2 m thick layer influenced by river water (upper saturated zone) was not captured by existing monitoring wells with higher screen length. Hydrochemical data (isotopes, total ions) were consistent in all HR-MLWs and showed similar variation over time emphasizing the reliability of the installed monitoring system. Further, the depths zones were also reflected in the NO3-N concentrations; with high spatial variabilities between the three wells. The zonation was constant over time, with seasonal variability in the upper saturated zone due to the influence of river water. This study highlights the use of high resolution monitoring for identifying the spatial and temporal variability of hydrochemical parameters present in many aquifer systems. Possible applications range from riparian zones, agricultural field sites to contaminated site studies, wherever an improved understanding of biogeochemical turnover processes is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gassen
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Griebler
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - U Werban
- Department Monitoring and Exploration Technologies, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - N Trauth
- Department of Hydrogeology, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Herzyk A, Fillinger L, Larentis M, Qiu S, Maloszewski P, Hünniger M, Schmidt SI, Stumpp C, Marozava S, Knappett PSK, Elsner M, Meckenstock R, Lueders T, Griebler C. Response and recovery of a pristine groundwater ecosystem impacted by toluene contamination - A meso-scale indoor aquifer experiment. J Contam Hydrol 2017; 207:17-30. [PMID: 29128133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities are the driving force behind the degradation of contaminants like aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater ecosystems. However, little is known about the response of native microbial communities to contamination in pristine environments as well as their potential to recover from a contamination event. Here, we used an indoor aquifer mesocosm filled with sandy quaternary calciferous sediment that was continuously fed with pristine groundwater to study the response, resistance and resilience of microbial communities to toluene contamination over a period of almost two years, comprising 132days of toluene exposure followed by nearly 600days of recovery. We observed an unexpectedly high intrinsic potential for toluene degradation, starting within the first two weeks after the first exposure. The contamination led to a shift from oxic to anoxic, primarily nitrate-reducing conditions as well as marked cell growth inside the contaminant plume. Depth-resolved community fingerprinting revealed a low resistance of the native microbial community to the perturbation induced by the exposure to toluene. Distinct populations that were dominated by a small number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) rapidly emerged inside the plume and at the plume fringes, partially replacing the original community. During the recovery period physico-chemical conditions were restored to the pristine state within about 35days, whereas the recovery of the biological parameters was much slower and the community composition inside the former plume area had not recovered to the original state by the end of the experiment. These results demonstrate the low resilience of sediment-associated groundwater microbial communities to organic pollution and underline that recovery of groundwater ecosystems cannot be assessed solely by physico-chemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Herzyk
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucas Fillinger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Larentis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shiran Qiu
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Piotr Maloszewski
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marko Hünniger
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne I Schmidt
- University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Landau, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Marozava
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter S K Knappett
- Texas A&M University, College of Geosciences, Department of Geology & Geophysics, College Station, Texas, United States
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Meckenstock
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany; University of Duisburg-Essen, Biofilm Centre, Aquatic Microbiology, Essen, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Knorr B, Maloszewski P, Stumpp C. Analytical transport modelling of metabolites formed in dual-porosity media. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:4447-4456. [PMID: 27943139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants like nitroaromatic compounds can be degraded in the subsurface to similar or even more toxic metabolites. Degradation or transformation rates are dependent on physical, chemical and biological properties which can be different in sedimentological layers or other heterogeneous structures of aquifers. Sediments with low hydraulic conductivity can even consist of immobile water. These regions are only accessible by diffusion. Most modelling approaches accounting for immobile water regions focused on the mathematical description of the transport and decay of the parent compound. The objective of this study was to develop an analytical model to quantify the transport and formation of a metabolite in dual-porosity media describing the exchange between mobile and immobile water regions based on the metabolite's diffusion coefficient. Column experiments with a well-defined immobile water region were performed under anoxic conditions at three different water flow velocities. The model compound 4-Cl-nitrobenzene was reduced to 4-Cl-aniline (4-Cl-An) by surface-bound Fe (II) species within the immobile water region. Transport and formation of the metabolite were quantified with a modified solution of the single fissure dispersion model assuming additionally for the region with immobile water first-order metabolite production, irreversible sorption and an instantaneous equilibrium sorption. The number of unknown fitting parameters was reduced to two (sorption rate and retardation factor) by stepwise parameter estimation using tracer and parent compound data. Experimental results of the metabolite for each water flow velocity were successfully described with a first-order production term (λ prod = 1.51 ± 0.08 h-1), retardation factor (R im = 2.94 ± 0.45) and first-order irreversible sorption rate (K im = 0.39 ± 0.16 h-1) within the immobile water region. Model results supported that 4-Cl-An was formed within the immobile water region. 4-Cl-An sorbed instantaneously onto the clay matrix while a fraction was irreversibly sorbed. Experimental results and the provided analytical solution help to improve the understanding about reactive transport and the formation of metabolites in dual-porosity media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Knorr
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Piotr Maloszewski
- Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, AGH University of Science and Technology Cracow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Knorr B, Maloszewski P, Stumpp C. Quantifying the impact of immobile water regions on the fate of nitroaromatic compounds in dual-porosity media. J Contam Hydrol 2016; 191:44-53. [PMID: 27236346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) are reduced by structural or surface bound Fe (II) species under anaerobic conditions in the subsurface. This reaction preferentially occurs on clay minerals which are mainly present in areas with low hydraulic conductivity containing nearly immobile water. Diffusion is the dominating transport process in these zones. Due to the complexity in such heterogeneous systems, the mathematical prediction of reactive solute transport taking into account diffusive mass exchange into immobile water regions still remains challenging. Therefore, the influence of immobile water regions on the fate of 4-Cl-Nitrobenzene (4-Cl-Nb) was quantified in dual-porosity column experiments at three different mean transit times under saturated anaerobic conditions in the presence of soluble Fe (II). A multi-tracer approach and a Single Fissure Dispersion Model (SFDM) were used to estimate input parameter to further model the transport of 4-Cl-Nb. Reactive solute transport of 4-Cl-Nb was quantified considering instantaneous sorption on to the clay matrix and a reduction within the immobile water region following first-order kinetics. The experimental results indicated that sorption onto the clay matrix enhanced the mass exchange of 4-Cl-Nb into immobile water region compared to nonreactive solutes. At the same time the abiotic reduction of 4-Cl-Nb limited the process of back diffusion to mobile water regions. Fitted retardation factors (Rim=4.62±0.68) and decay rates (k=1.51±0.08h(-1)) were independent on tested flow velocities. Findings of this study can advance the understanding on the fate of NACs in the subsurface which is essential for prediction of reactive solute transport at field scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Knorr
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Piotr Maloszewski
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Gralher B, Herbstritt B, Weiler M, Wassenaar LI, Stumpp C. Correcting Laser-Based Water Stable Isotope Readings Biased by Carrier Gas Changes. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:7074-7081. [PMID: 27291718 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, laser-based water stable isotope spectrometers have become popular as they enable previously impossible approaches of environmental observations. Consequently, they have been subjected to increasingly heterogeneous atmospheric conditions. However, there is still a severe lack of data on the impact of nonstandardized gas matrices on analyzer performances. Against this background, we investigated the influence of changing proportions of N2, O2, and CO2 in the carrier gas on the isotope measurements of a typical laser-based water stable isotope analyzer (Picarro L2120-i). We combined environmentally relevant mixtures of N2, O2, and CO2 with referenced, flash-evaporated water and found that isotope readings of the same water were altered by up to +14.57‰ for δ(18)O and -35.9‰ for δ(2)H. All tested relationships between carrier gas changes and respective isotope readings were strongly linearly correlated (R(2) > 0.99). Furthermore, an analyzer-measured variable allowed for reliable postcorrection of the biased isotope readings, which we additionally tested on field data. Our findings are of importance for environmental data obtained by analyzers based on the same technology. They are relevant for assays where inconsistent gas matrices or a mismatch in this regard between unknown and reference analyses cannot be excluded, which is in particular common when investigating the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Gralher
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Herbstritt
- Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , Fahnenbergplatz, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Markus Weiler
- Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , Fahnenbergplatz, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leonard I Wassenaar
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH) , Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Schürner HKV, Maier MP, Eckert D, Brejcha R, Neumann CC, Stumpp C, Cirpka OA, Elsner M. Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Fractionation of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals in a Mesoscale Aquifer Model. Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:5729-39. [PMID: 27100740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) receives increasing interest for its ability to detect natural degradation of pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Despite recent laboratory studies, CSIA investigations of such micropollutants in the environment are still rare. To explore the certainty of information obtainable by CSIA in a near-environmental setting, a pulse of the pesticide bentazone, the pesticide metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), and the pharmaceuticals diclofenac and ibuprofen was released into a mesoscale aquifer with quasi-two-dimensional flow. Concentration breakthrough curves (BTC) of BAM and ibuprofen demonstrated neither degradation nor sorption. Bentazone was transformed but did not sorb significantly, whereas diclofenac showed both degradation and sorption. Carbon and nitrogen CSIA could be accomplished in similar concentrations as for "traditional" priority pollutants (low μg/L range), however, at the cost of uncertainties (0.4-0.5‰ (carbon), 1‰ (nitrogen)). Nonetheless, invariant carbon and nitrogen isotope values confirmed that BAM was neither degraded nor sorbed, while significant enrichment of (13)C and in particular (15)N corroborated transformation of diclofenac and bentazone. Retardation of diclofenac was reflected in additional (15)N sorption isotope effects, whereas isotope fractionation of transverse dispersion could not be identified. These results provide a benchmark on the performance of CSIA to monitor the reactivity of micropollutants in aquifers and may guide future efforts to accomplish CSIA at even lower concentrations (ng/L range).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide K V Schürner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael P Maier
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Eckert
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen , Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia-Constanze Neumann
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olaf A Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen , Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Meckenstock RU, Elsner M, Griebler C, Lueders T, Stumpp C, Aamand J, Agathos SN, Albrechtsen HJ, Bastiaens L, Bjerg PL, Boon N, Dejonghe W, Huang WE, Schmidt SI, Smolders E, Sørensen SR, Springael D, van Breukelen BM. Biodegradation: Updating the concepts of control for microbial cleanup in contaminated aquifers. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:7073-81. [PMID: 26000605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation is one of the most favored and sustainable means of removing organic pollutants from contaminated aquifers but the major steering factors are still surprisingly poorly understood. Growing evidence questions some of the established concepts for control of biodegradation. Here, we critically discuss classical concepts such as the thermodynamic redox zonation, or the use of steady state transport scenarios for assessing biodegradation rates. Furthermore, we discuss if the absence of specific degrader populations can explain poor biodegradation. We propose updated perspectives on the controls of biodegradation in contaminant plumes. These include the plume fringe concept, transport limitations, and transient conditions as currently underestimated processes affecting biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer U Meckenstock
- †University of Duisburg-Essen, Biofilm Centre, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens Aamand
- ‡Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- §Laboratory of Bioengineering; Earth and Life Institute (ELI); Université Catholique de Louvain; Place Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hans-Jørgen Albrechtsen
- ∥Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, building 113, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leen Bastiaens
- ⊥Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Poul L Bjerg
- ∥Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, building 113, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nico Boon
- ∇University of Gent, LabMET, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- ⊥Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Wei E Huang
- ◆Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne I Schmidt
- ¶CSB Centre for Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Smolders
- ∞Division Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian R Sørensen
- ‡Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Dirk Springael
- ∞Division Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boris M van Breukelen
- #Department of Earth Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Meckenstock RU, von Netzer F, Stumpp C, Lueders T, Himmelberg AM, Hertkorn N, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Harir M, Hosein R, Haque S, Schulze-Makuch D. Oil biodegradation. Water droplets in oil are microhabitats for microbial life. Science 2014; 345:673-6. [PMID: 25104386 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic microbial degradation of hydrocarbons, typically occurring at the oil-water transition zone, influences the quality of oil reservoirs. In Pitch Lake, Trinidad and Tobago--the world's largest asphalt lake--we found that microorganisms are metabolically active in minuscule water droplets (1 to 3 microliters) entrapped in oil. Pyrotag sequencing of individual droplet microbiomes revealed complex methanogenic microbial communities actively degrading the oil into a diverse range of metabolites, as shown by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. High salinity and water-stable isotopes of the droplets indicate a deep subsurface origin. The 13.5% water content and the large surface area of the droplets represent an underestimated potential for biodegradation of oil away from the oil-water transition zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer U Meckenstock
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Frederick von Netzer
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne M Himmelberg
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Hertkorn
- Research Unit Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Mourad Harir
- Research Unit Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Riad Hosein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Shirin Haque
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Dirk Schulze-Makuch
- School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The abstraction of groundwater is a global phenomenon that directly threatens groundwater ecosystems. Despite the global significance of this issue, the impact of groundwater abstraction and the lowering of groundwater tables on biota is poorly known. The aim of this study is to determine the impacts of groundwater drawdown in unconfined aquifers on the distribution of fauna close to the water table, and the tolerance of groundwater fauna to sediment drying once water levels have declined. A series of column experiments were conducted to investigate the depth distribution of different stygofauna (Syncarida and Copepoda) under saturated conditions and after fast and slow water table declines. Further, the survival of stygofauna under conditions of reduced sediment water content was tested. The distribution and response of stygofauna to water drawdown was taxon specific, but with the common response of some fauna being stranded by water level decline. So too, the survival of stygofauna under different levels of sediment saturation was variable. Syncarida were better able to tolerate drying conditions than the Copepoda, but mortality of all groups increased with decreasing sediment water content. The results of this work provide new understanding of the response of fauna to water table drawdown. Such improved understanding is necessary for sustainable use of groundwater, and allows for targeted strategies to better manage groundwater abstraction and maintain groundwater biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Grant C. Hose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Stumpp C, Lawrence JR, Hendry MJ, Maloszewski P. Transport and bacterial interactions of three bacterial strains in saturated column experiments. Environ Sci Technol 2011; 45:2116-2123. [PMID: 21319738 DOI: 10.1021/es103569u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The impact of bacteria-solid and bacteria-bacteria interactions on the transport of Klebsiella oxytoca, Burkholderia cepacia G4PR1, and Pseudomonas sp. #5 was investigated in saturated sand column experiments (L = 114 mm; ø = 33 mm) under constant water velocities (∼ 5 cm · h(-1)). Bacterial strains were injected into the columns as pulses either individually, simultaneously, or successively. A one-dimensional mathematical model for advective-dispersive transport and for irreversible and reversible bacterial kinetic sorption was used to analyze the bacterial breakthrough curves. Different sorption parameters were obtained for each strain in each of the three experimental setups. In the presence of other bacteria, sorption parameters for B. cepacia G4PR1 remained similar to results from individual experiments, indicating the presence of other bacteria generally had a lesser influence on its migration than for the other bacteria. K. oxytoca is more competitive for the sorption sites when simultaneously injected with the other bacteria. Ps. sp. #5 generally yielded the greatest detachment rates and the least affinity to attach to the sand, indicative of its mobility in groundwater systems. The results of this study clearly indicate both bacteria-solid and bacteria-bacteria interactions influence the migration of bacteria. A more complete understanding of such interactions is necessary to determine potential migration in groundwater systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Stumpp
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada.
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