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King E, Al‐Nahdi S, Ludwig N. Anaesthetic management of a parturient with an unrepaired coronary arteriovenous fistula for caesarean section. Anaesth Rep 2024; 12:e12276. [PMID: 38234877 PMCID: PMC10792593 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary arteriovenous fistulas are an abnormal conduit between a coronary artery and another cardiovascular lumen, without an intervening capillary bed. The reported prevalence is 0.002-0.3%. Physiologic consequences such as congestive heart failure, coronary steal phenomenon and fistula aneurysm formation and rupture are possible. There are limited reports of symptomatic coronary arteriovenous fistulas in association with pregnancy. We describe a 19-year-old woman with symptomatic left circumflex artery to coronary sinus fistula, terminating into a large exophytic varix in the right atrium, presenting for an elective caesarean section at 37 weeks gestational age. Our anaesthetic management strategy aimed to optimise myocardial perfusion, maintain euvolemia, avoid right ventricular obstruction from exophytic varix and avoid sympathetic stimulation or sudden increases in pulmonary vascular resistance. A slowly titrated epidural was used as the primary anaesthetic. Our patient tolerated the procedure well and was discharged home on postoperative day two. Understanding of the potential physiologic consequence of coronary arteriovenous fistulas, and interaction with the physiologic changes of pregnancy and delivery, are essential for the management of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. King
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - S. Al‐Nahdi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
| | - N. Ludwig
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative MedicineWestern UniversityLondonONCanada
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Welch NL, Zhu M, Hua C, Weller J, Mirhashemi ME, Nguyen TG, Mantena S, Bauer MR, Shaw BM, Ackerman CM, Thakku SG, Tse MW, Kehe J, Uwera MM, Eversley JS, Bielwaski DA, McGrath G, Braidt J, Johnson J, Cerrato F, Moreno GK, Krasilnikova LA, Petros BA, Gionet GL, King E, Huard RC, Jalbert SK, Cleary ML, Fitzgerald NA, Gabriel SB, Gallagher GR, Smole SC, Madoff LC, Brown CM, Keller MW, Wilson MM, Kirby MK, Barnes JR, Park DJ, Siddle KJ, Happi CT, Hung DT, Springer M, MacInnis BL, Lemieux JE, Rosenberg E, Branda JA, Blainey PC, Sabeti PC, Myhrvold C. Author Correction: Multiplexed CRISPR-based microfluidic platform for clinical testing of respiratory viruses and identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Med 2024; 30:307. [PMID: 37946059 PMCID: PMC10803257 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Welch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Hua
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliane Weller
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Tien G Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Bauer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bennett M Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheri M Ackerman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sri Gowtham Thakku
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megan W Tse
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jared Kehe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline S Eversley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek A Bielwaski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham McGrath
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Braidt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gage K Moreno
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lydia A Krasilnikova
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brittany A Petros
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/Massachusetts Institute of Technology MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ewa King
- State Health Laboratories, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard C Huard
- State Health Laboratories, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Michael L Cleary
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra C Smole
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew W Keller
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Malania M Wilson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marie K Kirby
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John R Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Park
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine J Siddle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian T Happi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Deborah T Hung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology Department and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Springer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bronwyn L MacInnis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Rosenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Branda
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Cameron Myhrvold
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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Aertsen M, Melbourne A, Couck I, King E, Ourselin S, De Keyzer F, Dymarkowski S, Deprest J, Lewi L. Placental differences between uncomplicated and complicated monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies on diffusion and multicompartment Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Placenta 2023; 142:106-114. [PMID: 37683336 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and selective fetal growth restriction (sFGR) are common complications in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) pregnancies. The Diffusion-rElaxation Combined Imaging for Detailed Placental Evaluation (DECIDE) model, a placental-specific model, separates the T2 values of the fetal and maternal blood from the background tissue and estimates the fetal blood oxygen saturation. This study investigates diffusion and relaxation differences in uncomplicated MCDA pregnancies and MCDA pregnancies complicated by TTTS and sFGR in mid-pregnancy. METHODS This prospective monocentric cohort study included uncomplicated MCDA pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by TTTS and sFGR. We performed MRI with conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and combined relaxometry - DWI-intravoxel incoherent motion. DECIDE analysis was used to quantify different parameters within the placenta related to the fetal, placental, and maternal compartments. RESULTS We included 99 pregnancies, of which 46 were uncomplicated, 12 were complicated by sFGR and 41 by TTTS. Conventional DWI did not find differences between or within cohorts. On DECIDE imaging, fetoplacental oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the smaller member of sFGR (p = 0.07) and in both members of TTTS (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004) compared to the uncomplicated pairs. Additionally, average T2 relaxation time was significantly lower in the smaller twin of the sFGR (p = 0.004) compared to the uncomplicated twins (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Multicompartment functional MRI showed significant differences in several MRI parameters between the placenta of uncomplicated MCDA pregnancies and those complicated by sFGR and TTTS in mid-pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aertsen
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - A Melbourne
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - I Couck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E King
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - S Ourselin
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, UK; Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - F De Keyzer
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Dymarkowski
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Deprest
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London, King's Health Partners, St.Thomas' Hospital, 1st Floor South Wing, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - L Lewi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Dick S, Kyle R, Wilson P, Aucott L, France E, King E, Malcolm C, Hoddinott P, Turner SW. Insights from and limitations of data linkage studies: analysis of short-stay urgent admission referral source from routinely collected Scottish data. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:300-306. [PMID: 36719837 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study identified the referral source for urgent short-stay admissions (SSAs) and compared characteristics of children with SSA stratified by different referral sources. METHODS Routinely acquired data from urgent admissions to Scottish hospitals during 2015-2017 were linked to data held by the three referral sources: emergency department (ED), out-of-hours (OOH) service and general practice (GP). RESULTS There were 171 039 admissions including 92 229 (54%) SSAs. Only 171 (19%) of all of Scotland's GP practices contributed data. Among the subgroup of 10 588 SSAs where GP data were available (11% all SSA), there was contact with the following referral source on the day of admission: only ED, 1853 (18%); only GP, 3384 (32%); and only OOH, 823 (8%). Additionally, 2165 (20%) had contact with more than one referral source, and 1037 (10%) had contact with referral source(s) on the day before the admission. When all 92 229 SSAs were considered, those with an ED referrer were more likely to be for older children, of white ethnicity, living in more deprived communities and diagnosed with asthma, convulsions or croup. The odds ratio for an SSA for a given condition differed by referral source and ranged from 0.07 to 1.9 (with reference to ED referrals). CONCLUSION This study yielded insights and potential limitations regarding data linkage in a healthcare setting. Data coverage, particularly from primary care, needs to improve further. Evidence from data linkage studies can inform future intervention designed to provide safe integrated care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Dick
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Richard Kyle
- Academy of Nursing, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Philip Wilson
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Lorna Aucott
- Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Emma France
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - E King
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Cari Malcolm
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Pat Hoddinott
- Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Stephen W Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Women and Children Division, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
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Singh M, Novitsky V, Howison M, Carpenter-Azevedo K, Huard R, King E, Kantor R. 1896. Statewide Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Rhode Island. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Global genomic surveillance has allowed identification of SARS-CoV-2 circulating variants responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Statewide variant characterization can guide local public health mitigations and provide educational opportunities. We characterized statewide evolution of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Rhode Island (RI).
Methods
Deidentified RI SARS-CoV-2 sequences since 2/2020, generated at authors, CDC and commercial laboratories, were extracted from https://www.gisaid.org. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses were conducted with available tools and custom python scripts and, after quality control, sequences were classified as variants of Concern (VOC), variants being monitored (VBM), or non-VOC/non-VBM, per CDC definitions. Specific mutations that are characteristic of the most recent VOCs (Delta or Omicron) were explored outside of their designated lineages.
Results
Of the 1.1 million RI population, 14,933 SARS-CoV-2 sequences were available between 2/2020 and 3/2022. These included 1,542 (11%) sequences from 37 non-VOC/non-VBM lineages until 2/2021, most commonly B.1.2 (21%), B.1.375 (13%), and B.1.517 (6%); 2,910 (19%) sequences from 7 VBM lineages between 3-6/2021, most commonly Alpha (48%), Iota (34%), and Gamma (10%); and 10,481 (70%) sequences from 2 VOC lineages, including 7,574 (72%) Delta mostly between 6/2021 and 12/2021, and 2,907 (28%) Omicron mostly between 1/2022 and 3/2022. Phylogeny showed expected clustering of local variants within regional and global sequences, and continued viral evolution over time. Further VOC evolution was observed, including 87 Delta sub-lineages, most commonly AY.103 (17%), AY.3 (15%), and AY.44 (12%); and 4 Omicron sub-lineages BA.1 (61%), BA.1.1 (32%), BA.2 (7%), and BA.3 (< 1%). Omicron-associated mutations S:del69/70, S:H655Y, or N:P13L were observed in 219 Delta sequences, and Delta-associated mutations ORF1b:G662S, N:D377Y, or M:I82T were observed in 16 Omicron sequences.
Conclusion
Statewide SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance allows for continued characterization of locally circulating variants and monitoring of viral evolution. Such data guide public health policies, inform the local health force, and mitigate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on public health.
Disclosures
Rami Kantor, MD, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjot Singh
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Vladimir Novitsky
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mark Howison
- Research Improving People’s Lives , Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Richard Huard
- State Health Laboratories , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ewa King
- State Health Laboratories , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Rami Kantor
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
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Tabebordbar S, Lagerborg K, Ye S, Stanton A, King E, Tellez L, Krunnfusz A, Tavakoli S, Widrick J, Messemer K, Troiano E, Moghadaszadeh B, Peacker B, Leacock K, Horwitz N, Beggs A, Wagers A, Sabeti P. I.11 Directed evolution of a family of AAV capsid variants enabling potent muscle-directed gene delivery across species. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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King E, Marchetti L, Weidele H, Wolanski J, Shrestha N, St John K, Scagos R. Insights from biosurveillance: non-fatal opioid overdoses in Rhode Island 2019-21. Addiction 2022; 117:2464-2470. [PMID: 35434861 DOI: 10.1111/add.15902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Opioids biosurveillance is a new approach to public health surveillance of non-fatal overdoses that relies upon laboratory analysis of residual biospecimens from hospitals treating opioids overdoses. In Rhode Island (RI), USA, hospitals report suspected opioid overdoses to the Department of Health. Residual specimens associated with these overdoses are submitted to the State Health Laboratories for further characterization. This surveillance project aimed to characterize non-fatal overdoses through toxicological testing of urine specimens associated with non-fatal overdoses during the initial 2-year period of biosurveillance implementation in RI to assess the feasibility and public health utility of this approach. METHODS This study included individuals who presented for treatment for a suspected opioid overdose in 10 RI hospitals between July 2019 and June 2021. Urine samples were received for 1354 unique overdose encounters corresponding to reported overdoses. Some individuals experienced multiple overdoses during this time. Urine samples were extracted and then analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with a panel consisting of 1033 opiates, synthetic opioids, fentanyl analogs and select metabolites. Temporal and spatial trends were evaluated for the studied population. RESULTS A total of 1354 samples were tested for the presence of opioids in urine collected from individuals who experienced a suspected overdose. Fentanyl (and/or norfentanyl) was present in 79% of all samples in which opioids were found (n = 1033). Fentanyl analogs varied in their contribution to these totals, with observations ranging as high as 35% of all opioid-containing samples in August 2019 and May 2021. CONCLUSIONS Laboratory identification of opioids involved in suspected overdoses shows that fentanyl and its analogs are the main drivers of the opioids overdose epidemic in Rhode Island, USA. The biosurveillance approach is unique in its ability to quantify contributions of novel fentanyl analogs to the burden of overdoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Louis Marchetti
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Heidi Weidele
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of Policy, Information and Communication, Center for Health Data and Analysis, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jenna Wolanski
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Noyo Shrestha
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kristen St John
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of Policy, Information and Communication, Center for Health Data and Analysis, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Rachel Scagos
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of Policy, Information and Communication, Center for Health Data and Analysis, Providence, RI, USA
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Singh M, Novitsky V, Carpenter-Azevedo K, Howison M, Huard RC, King E, Kantor R. SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Rhode Island; May 2022 Update. R I Med J (2013) 2022; 105:6-11. [PMID: 35834172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic surveillance allows identification of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. We provide an update on the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in Rhode Island (RI). METHODS All publicly available SARS-CoV-2 RI sequences were retrieved from https://www.gisaid.org. Genomic analyses were conducted to identify variants of concern (VOC), variants being monitored (VBM), or non-VOC/non-VBM, and investigate their evolution. RESULTS Overall, 17,340 SARS-CoV-2 RI sequences were available between 2/2020-5/2022 across five (globally recognized) major waves, including 1,462 (8%) sequences from 36 non-VOC/non-VBM until 5/2021; 10,565 (61%) sequences from 8 VBM between 5/2021-12/2021, most commonly Delta; and 5,313 (31%) sequences from the VOC Omicron from 12/2021 onwards. Genomic analyses demonstrated 71 Delta and 44 Omicron sub-lineages, with occurrence of variant-defining mutations in other variants. CONCLUSION Statewide SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance allows for continued characterization of circulating variants and monitoring of viral evolution, which inform the local health force and guide public health on mitigation efforts against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjot Singh
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | | | - Mark Howison
- Research Improving People's Life, Providence, RI
| | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island Department of Health State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI
| | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI
| | - Rami Kantor
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI
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Andrews R, Di Geronimo R, Virk H, Goldman R, Pillai R, Rao S, King E, Shah A, Vu C. Abstract No. 587 Morbidity and mortality conferencing as a quality assessment tool in interventional radiology: a survey of Society of Interventional Radiology members. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Key C, Di Geronimo R, Jenner Z, Nelson A, Kim P, Khan A, Liou F, King E, Shah A, Pillai R, Vu C, Andrews R, Rao S. Abstract No. 257 Financial analysis of outpatient evaluation and management billing by interventional radiologists in comparison to other specialties. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Kim P, Di Geronimo R, Vu C, Pillai R, Rao S, Shah A, King E, Khan A, Liou F, Key C, Nelson A, Andrews R. Abstract No. 313 Trends in percutaneous musculoskeletal procedure volume among Medicare patients from 2010-2018 by specialty. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Liou F, Di Geronimo R, Rao S, Shah A, King E, Pillai R, Andrews R, Vu C, Goldman R. Abstract No. 92 Effect on intra-procedural metrics of repeat imaging with CT arteriography prior to conventional angiography: analysis of trauma patients with active extravasation on initial portal venous phase imaging. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Khan A, Di Geronimo R, Liou F, Kim P, Key C, Nelson A, King E, Shah A, Vu C, Jenner Z, Yap P, Pillai R, Andrews R, Rao S. Abstract No. 132 Trends in percutaneous ablation procedures among Medicare patients from 2010-2018: an analysis of procedure volume, specialty involvement, and reimbursement rates. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Welch NL, Zhu M, Hua C, Weller J, Mirhashemi ME, Nguyen TG, Mantena S, Bauer MR, Shaw BM, Ackerman CM, Thakku SG, Tse MW, Kehe J, Uwera MM, Eversley JS, Bielwaski DA, McGrath G, Braidt J, Johnson J, Cerrato F, Moreno GK, Krasilnikova LA, Petros BA, Gionet GL, King E, Huard RC, Jalbert SK, Cleary ML, Fitzgerald NA, Gabriel SB, Gallagher GR, Smole SC, Madoff LC, Brown CM, Keller MW, Wilson MM, Kirby MK, Barnes JR, Park DJ, Siddle KJ, Happi CT, Hung DT, Springer M, MacInnis BL, Lemieux JE, Rosenberg E, Branda JA, Blainey PC, Sabeti PC, Myhrvold C. Multiplexed CRISPR-based microfluidic platform for clinical testing of respiratory viruses and identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Nat Med 2022; 28:1083-1094. [PMID: 35130561 PMCID: PMC9117129 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demonstrated a clear need for high-throughput, multiplexed and sensitive assays for detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other respiratory viruses and their emerging variants. Here, we present a cost-effective virus and variant detection platform, called microfluidic Combinatorial Arrayed Reactions for Multiplexed Evaluation of Nucleic acids (mCARMEN), which combines CRISPR-based diagnostics and microfluidics with a streamlined workflow for clinical use. We developed the mCARMEN respiratory virus panel to test for up to 21 viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, other coronaviruses and both influenza strains, and demonstrated its diagnostic-grade performance on 525 patient specimens in an academic setting and 166 specimens in a clinical setting. We further developed an mCARMEN panel to enable the identification of 6 SARS-CoV-2 variant lineages, including Delta and Omicron, and evaluated it on 2,088 patient specimens with near-perfect concordance to sequencing-based variant classification. Lastly, we implemented a combined Cas13 and Cas12 approach that enables quantitative measurement of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A viral copies in samples. The mCARMEN platform enables high-throughput surveillance of multiple viruses and variants simultaneously, enabling rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Welch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Program in Virology, Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Meilin Zhu
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Hua
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juliane Weller
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | | | - Tien G Nguyen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Bauer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bennett M Shaw
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheri M Ackerman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sri Gowtham Thakku
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megan W Tse
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jared Kehe
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline S Eversley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek A Bielwaski
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Graham McGrath
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Braidt
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gage K Moreno
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lydia A Krasilnikova
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brittany A Petros
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/Massachusetts Institute of Technology MD-PhD Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ewa King
- State Health Laboratories, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard C Huard
- State Health Laboratories, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Michael L Cleary
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra C Smole
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew W Keller
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Malania M Wilson
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marie K Kirby
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John R Barnes
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel J Park
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katherine J Siddle
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christian T Happi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria
| | - Deborah T Hung
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology Department and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Springer
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bronwyn L MacInnis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Rosenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Branda
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul C Blainey
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Cameron Myhrvold
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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15
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Earnest R, Uddin R, Matluk N, Renzette N, Turbett SE, Siddle KJ, Loreth C, Adams G, Tomkins-Tinch CH, Petrone ME, Rothman JE, Breban MI, Koch RT, Billig K, Fauver JR, Vogels CBF, Bilguvar K, De Kumar B, Landry ML, Peaper DR, Kelly K, Omerza G, Grieser H, Meak S, Martha J, Dewey HB, Kales S, Berenzy D, Carpenter-Azevedo K, King E, Huard RC, Novitsky V, Howison M, Darpolor J, Manne A, Kantor R, Smole SC, Brown CM, Fink T, Lang AS, Gallagher GR, Pitzer VE, Sabeti PC, Gabriel S, MacInnis BL, Tewhey R, Adams MD, Park DJ, Lemieux JE, Grubaugh ND. Comparative transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Alpha in New England, USA. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100583. [PMID: 35480627 PMCID: PMC8913280 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant rose to dominance in mid-2021, likely propelled by an estimated 40%-80% increased transmissibility over Alpha. To investigate if this ostensible difference in transmissibility is uniform across populations, we partner with public health programs from all six states in New England in the United States. We compare logistic growth rates during each variant's respective emergence period, finding that Delta emerged 1.37-2.63 times faster than Alpha (range across states). We compute variant-specific effective reproductive numbers, estimating that Delta is 63%-167% more transmissible than Alpha (range across states). Finally, we estimate that Delta infections generate on average 6.2 (95% CI 3.1-10.9) times more viral RNA copies per milliliter than Alpha infections during their respective emergence. Overall, our evidence suggests that Delta's enhanced transmissibility can be attributed to its innate ability to increase infectiousness, but its epidemiological dynamics may vary depending on underlying population attributes and sequencing data availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Earnest
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicholas Matluk
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333, USA; Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333, USA
| | - Nicholas Renzette
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Sarah E Turbett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | - Gordon Adams
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Mary E Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jessica E Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mallery I Breban
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Robert Tobias Koch
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kendall Billig
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph R Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Departments of Neurosurgery and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bony De Kumar
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marie L Landry
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David R Peaper
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Greg Omerza
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Heather Grieser
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333, USA; Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333, USA
| | - Sim Meak
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333, USA; Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333, USA
| | - John Martha
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333, USA; Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333, USA
| | | | - Susan Kales
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health, State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island Department of Health, State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Vlad Novitsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Mark Howison
- Research Improving People's Lives, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Josephine Darpolor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Akarsh Manne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Rami Kantor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - Sandra C Smole
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | | | - Timelia Fink
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Andrew S Lang
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Glen R Gallagher
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Ryan Tewhey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Mark D Adams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Daniel J Park
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jacob E Lemieux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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16
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Allen RA, Williams CL, Penrod Y, McCloskey C, Carpenter-Azevedo K, Huard RC, King E, Terence Dunn S. A pyrosequencing protocol for rapid identification of SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3661-3668. [PMID: 35416308 PMCID: PMC9088475 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) is the primary method used to monitor the distribution and emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants around the world; however, it is costly and time‐consuming to perform and is not widely available in low‐resourced geographical regions. Pyrosequencing has the potential to augment surveillance efforts by providing information on specific targeted mutations for rapid identification of circulating and emerging variants. The current study describes the development of a reverse transcription (RT)‐PCR‐pyrosequencing assay targeting >65 spike protein gene (S) mutations of SARS‐CoV‐2, which permits differentiation of commonly reported variants currently circulating in the United States with a high degree of confidence. Variants typed using the assay included B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.1.529 (Omicron), B.1.351 (Beta), B.1.375, B.1.427/429 (Epsilon), B.1.525 (Eta), B.1.526.1 (Iota), B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.621 (Mu), P1 (Gamma), and B.1.1 variants, all of which were confirmed by the NGS data. An electronic typing tool was developed to aid in the identification of variants based on mutations detected by pyrosequencing. The assay could provide an important typing tool for rapid identification of candidate patients for monoclonal antibody therapies and a method to supplement SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance efforts by identification of circulating variants and novel emerging lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher L Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yvonne Penrod
- OU Health Laboratories, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) Laboratories, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) Laboratories, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - S Terence Dunn
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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17
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O'Mahony B, King E, Falvey E. Prevalence of Hip and Groin Pain Across Eras Amongst Former Elite Gaelic Footballers and Hurlers. Ir Med J 2022; 115:559. [PMID: 35532426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Gaelic football and hurling are the most commonly played amateur sports in Ireland with elite level athletes participating at inter-county level. Over time, the intensity and frequency of inter-county training has approached levels of professional sports. Previous studies have not assessed differences in hip and groin injury between eras. We aimed to examine differences in hip and groin injury, incidence of surgery and Hip and Groin Outcome Scores between elite GAA players of different eras and duration of intercountry career. Methods Members of the squads from the 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 hurling and football All-Ireland Finals provided data on age starting intercounty career and previous hip and groin injury and surgery. 372 players were surveyed in total. The hip and groin outcome score (HAGOS), a validated questionnaire assessing hip and groin problems suffered was also assessed. Results There were significant differences in four of the six HAGOS categories between eras with lower scores in 2006 group and in those who were younger starting their intercounty career. In addition, those with younger start and those who played in more recent times had higher rates of groin surgery (23.9% of 2006 cohort, N = 17). As expected, older players had higher rates of total hip replacement (19.7% of the 1976 cohort, N = 12). Conclusion This study highlights the influence of early playing career at elite level on hip and groin injury and that those playing in more modern times had higher incidence of groin surgery and lower HAGOS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E King
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - E Falvey
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Chan JSK, Lau DHH, King E, Shum YKL, Roever L, Liu T, Ng K, Dee EC, Ciobanu A, Bazoukis G, Mahmoudi E, Satti DI, Jeevaratnam K, Baranchuk A, Tse G. Virtual medical research mentoring and collaboration: breaking the bounds of nationality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur Heart J 2022. [PMCID: PMC9383365 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. OnBehalf Cardioovascular Analytics Group Background Medical research is critical to professional advancement, and mentoring is an important means of early research engagement in medical training. In contrast to international research collaborations, research mentoring programs are often locally limited. With the COVID-19 pandemic causing drifts to virtual classes and conferences, virtual international medical research mentoring may be viable. We hereby describe our experience with a virtual, international mentorship group for cardiovascular research. Methods Our virtual international research mentorship group has been running since 2015. The group focuses on risk stratification and outcomes research in cardiovascular medicine and epidemiology. Mentees from any country or region in all stages of medical careers are welcomed. Considering the increasing emphasis of contemporary research on multidisciplinary healthcare and translational research, our team also includes allied healthcare professionals or students, and graduates from natural sciences (Figure 1). With our members’ diverse backgrounds, we firmly adhere to the principle that all members must be given equal opportunities and treatment, regardless of their age, gender, race, nationality, sexual orientation, family background, and institution of study or practice. We make use of virtual platforms and multi-level mentoring (both senior and peer mentoring), and emphasize active participation, early leadership, open culture, accessible research support, and a distributed research workflow (i.e. an accessible-distributed model). Results Since establishment, our group has expanded to include 63 active members from 14 countries (Figure 2), leading a total of 109 peer-reviewed original studies and reviews published. We observed no significant difficulty in communication between team members, nor conflicts due to differences in nationality or ethnicity. Most studies involve cross-country and ethnicity collaborations, and inter-disciplinary and inter-regional knowledge exchanges are frequent. Multi-level mentoring ensured mentoring quality without compromising bonding and communication. Conclusion An accessible-distributed model of virtual international medical research collaboration and multi-level mentoring is viable, efficient, and caters to the needs of contemporary healthcare. We hope that others will build similar models and improve medical research mentoring globally.
Abstract Figure 1
Abstract Figure 2 ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- J S K Chan
- Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - D H H Lau
- Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - E King
- Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y K L Shum
- Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Roever
- Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - T Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - K Ng
- University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - E C Dee
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States of America
| | - A Ciobanu
- Carol Davila University Of Medicine And Pharm, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - E Mahmoudi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
| | - D I Satti
- Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - K Jeevaratnam
- University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | | | - G Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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19
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Carolan D, Richter C, Thorborg K, Franklyn-Miller A, O'Donovan J, Mc Donald C, King E. Hip and Groin Pain Prevalence and Prediction in Elite Gaelic Games: 2703 Male Athletes Across Two Seasons. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:924-932. [PMID: 35108419 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hip and groin pain is highly prevalent in sub-elite Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) athletes, but its prevalence at the elite level is unknown. The aims of this study were to report hip and groin pain prevalence in elite male athletes, to report changes in Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) across two seasons and to assess if previous hip and groin pain or pre-season HAGOS could predict future hip and groin pain. METHODS During the 2017 and 2018 pre-season male Gaelic Players Association (GPA) playing members were invited to complete two questionnaires. The first questionnaire collected demographic information including age, GAA code played (Gaelic football or Hurling) and prevalence of hip and groin pain in the previous season. The second questionnaire was the HAGOS. Step-wise logistic regression models were fitted to HAGOS subscales, to examine if pre-season HAGOS subscale scores could predict future hip and groin pain. RESULTS The prevalence of hip and groin pain across the elite GAA cohort was 38%. Hip and groin pain in the previous season was the strongest predictor of future hip and groin pain (r2 =0.19, AUC=0.73, 95% CI 1.76-2.27) whereas pre-season HAGOS subscale scores had limited and no additional predictive ability (AUC 0.05-0.18). CONCLUSIONS Hip and groin pain prevalence is high in elite male GAA, with one in three athletes reporting pain. Previous season hip and groin pain is the strongest predictor of future hip and groin pain, while pre-season HAGOS scores have limited ability to predict future hip and groin pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Carolan
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Richter
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K Thorborg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Amager-Hvidovre, Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C), Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Physical Therapy, Physical Medicine & Amp; Rehabilitation Research - Copenhagen (PMR-C), Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - A Franklyn-Miller
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J O'Donovan
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Gaelic Players Association Safety and Welfare Committee, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Mc Donald
- Gaelic Players Association Safety and Welfare Committee, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E King
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, Roehampton, UK
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20
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King E, Gustafson O, Judge T, Vollam S. A service evaluation exploring perceptions of relatives of ICU patients and multidisciplinary team on patients’ experience of games based therapy. Physiotherapy 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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King E, Loblova O. COVID-19 in Central and Eastern Europe. Eur J Public Health 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckab164.679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Issue
Countries of central and eastern Europe (CEE) are rarely accustomed to praise when compared to their western European neighbors. During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, as core European countries such as Italy, Spain, or the United Kingdom reported hundreds of confirmed cases and even deaths per day, all CEE countries managed to contain the disease with considerably lower rates of infection and deaths.
Description
This changed in late summer and fall of 2020, when many CEE countries overtook western Europe in the number of new COVID-19 cases, as well as deaths, per population, but for a few months the region could enjoy its unusual accomplishment. A number of hypotheses have been suggested to explain the surprising containment success in the spring, including the widespread prevalence of the bacille Calmette-Guérin tuberculosis vaccine, lower population density and exposure to tourism, lack of trust in the healthcare system and government in general, low testing numbers (which may have led to underreporting of cases), and an autocratic advantage leaders of imperfect democracies, such as in CEE, enjoy when imposing lockdowns and other restrictive policies.
Results
In the spring, CEE governments implemented strict measures to protect public health at a time when their countries had few COVID-19 cases and deaths at most in the single digits.
Lessons
The Russian approach to addressing COVID-19 reflects the messiness of classifying “regime type.” Some of the responses used were more authoritarian in their approach. A greater flow of information and more transparency in the data would allow a more complete assessment of Russia's response to COVID-19.
Main messages
Creating a “virus of silence,” short- cutting global standards for vaccine clinical trials, and not providing disaggregated and timely data make it difficult to evaluate the reasons for Russia's relatively low case count and low fatality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E King
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
| | - O Loblova
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Michigan, USA
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22
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Earnest R, Uddin R, Matluk N, Renzette N, Siddle KJ, Loreth C, Adams G, Tomkins-Tinch CH, Petrone ME, Rothman JE, Breban MI, Koch RT, Billig K, Fauver JR, Vogels CB, Turbett S, Bilguvar K, De Kumar B, Landry ML, Peaper DR, Kelly K, Omerza G, Grieser H, Meak S, Martha J, Dewey HH, Kales S, Berenzy D, Carpenter-Azevedo K, King E, Huard RC, Smole SC, Brown CM, Fink T, Lang AS, Gallagher GR, Sabeti PC, Gabriel S, MacInnis BL, Tewhey R, Adams MD, Park DJ, Lemieux JE, Grubaugh ND. Comparative transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 variants Delta and Alpha in New England, USA. medRxiv 2021:2021.10.06.21264641. [PMID: 34642698 PMCID: PMC8509091 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.06.21264641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant quickly rose to dominance in mid-2021, displacing other variants, including Alpha. Studies using data from the United Kingdom and India estimated that Delta was 40-80% more transmissible than Alpha, allowing Delta to become the globally dominant variant. However, it was unclear if the ostensible difference in relative transmissibility was due mostly to innate properties of Delta's infectiousness or differences in the study populations. To investigate, we formed a partnership with SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance programs from all six New England US states. By comparing logistic growth rates, we found that Delta emerged 37-163% faster than Alpha in early 2021 (37% Massachusetts, 75% New Hampshire, 95% Maine, 98% Rhode Island, 151% Connecticut, and 163% Vermont). We next computed variant-specific effective reproductive numbers and estimated that Delta was 58-120% more transmissible than Alpha across New England (58% New Hampshire, 68% Massachusetts, 76% Connecticut, 85% Rhode Island, 98% Maine, and 120% Vermont). Finally, using RT-PCR data, we estimated that Delta infections generate on average ∼6 times more viral RNA copies per mL than Alpha infections. Overall, our evidence indicates that Delta's enhanced transmissibility could be attributed to its innate ability to increase infectiousness, but its epidemiological dynamics may vary depending on the underlying immunity and behavior of distinct populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Earnest
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Rockib Uddin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicholas Matluk
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333
- Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333
| | - Nicholas Renzette
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | | | | | - Gordon Adams
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Mary E. Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jessica E. Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mallery I. Breban
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Robert Tobias Koch
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kendall Billig
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph R. Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chantal B.F. Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sarah Turbett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bony De Kumar
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marie L. Landry
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - David R. Peaper
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Kevin Kelly
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Greg Omerza
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Heather Grieser
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333
- Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333
| | - Sim Meak
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333
- Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333
| | - John Martha
- Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Augusta, ME 04333
- Health and Environmental Testing Laboratory, Augusta, ME 04333
| | | | - Susan Kales
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | | | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health, State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Richard C. Huard
- Rhode Island Department of Health, State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI 02904, USA
| | - Sandra C. Smole
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston MA 02130, USA
| | | | - Timelia Fink
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston MA 02130, USA
| | - Andrew S. Lang
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston MA 02130, USA
| | | | | | - Stacey Gabriel
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | - Ryan Tewhey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Acibadem University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Mark D. Adams
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Daniel J. Park
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jacob E. Lemieux
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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23
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Prussing C, Canulla T, Singh N, McAuley P, Gosciminski M, King E, Bandy U, Machado MJ, Karlsson M, Musser KA, Huard RC, Nazarian EJ. Characterization of the First Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolate Harboring blaSIM-1 from the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0106621. [PMID: 34339276 PMCID: PMC8448160 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01066-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catharine Prussing
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Theresa Canulla
- Center for Biological Sciences, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Navjot Singh
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Patricia McAuley
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Acute Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Michael Gosciminski
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Acute Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Utpala Bandy
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Center for Acute Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - María-José Machado
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Karlsson
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kimberlee A. Musser
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Richard C. Huard
- Center for Biological Sciences, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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24
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Bento MHL, Lewis EA, Ramírez de Arellano I, Millán C, King E, Scott-Baird E, McGuire P, Richardson K. Establishing the tolerability to broiler chickens and laying hens of nonanoic acid at practical levels of use as a feed flavouring. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:218-225. [PMID: 34404304 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1966752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The following experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of nonanoic acid (NA) in broilers and laying hens, at practical levels as a flavouring in complete feed.2. In the first experiment, 1100, one-day-old Ross 308 chicks, half male and female, were randomly assigned to 50 floor pens containing 22 chicks each. Chicks were fed one of five treatment diets containing either 0 (control), 100, 300, 500 or 1,000 mg NA/kg complete feed for 42 days.3. The NA treatment had no effect on ADFI, but there was a linear relationship with ADG and FCR. No differences were observed in blood parameters or tissue pathology among treatment groups.4. In a second study, 150 Hyline hens aged 24 weeks old were randomly assigned to 50 pens containing three birds each. Laying hens were fed one of five treatment diets containing 0 (control), 100, 300, 500 or 1,000 mg NA/kg complete feed for 56 days.5. Treatment with NA has no effect on live weight, ADFI or egg production in laying hens, and there were no observed changes in tissue pathology.6. The results supported the toleration of NA in broilers or layers at dietary levels of up to 1,000 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H L Bento
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | - E A Lewis
- NutraSteward, Bridge Innovation Center, Pembroke Dock, UK
| | | | - C Millán
- IMASDE Agroalimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - E King
- Drayton Animal Health, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK
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25
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Kantor R, Novitsky V, Carpenter-Azevedo K, Howison M, Manne A, Darpolor JK, Bobenchik A, Tripathi A, Huard RC, King E. SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Rhode Island. R I Med J (2013) 2021; 104:16-20. [PMID: 34279520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a worldwide public health emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2. Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants is important for pandemic monitoring and informing public health responses. Through an interstate academic-public health partnership, we established Rhode Island's capacity to sequence SARS-CoV-2 genomes and created a systematic surveillance program to monitor the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the state. We describe circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages in Rhode Island; provide a timeline for the emerging and expanding contribution of variants of concern (VOC) and variants of interest (VOI), from their first introduction to their eventual predominance over other lineages; and outline the frequent identification of known adaptively beneficial spike protein mutations that appear to have independently arisen in non-VOC/non-VOI lineages. Overall, the described Rhode Island- centric genomic surveillance initiative provides a valuable perspective on SARS-CoV-2 in the state and contributes data of interest for future epidemiological studies and state-to-state comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Kantor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Vladimir Novitsky
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Mark Howison
- Research Improving People's Life, Providence, RI
| | - Akarsh Manne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Josephine K Darpolor
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | | | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island Department of Health, State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI
| | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health, State Health Laboratories, Providence, RI
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26
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Nesbitt DJ, Jin DP, Hogan JW, Yang J, Chen H, Chan PA, Simon MJ, Vargas M, King E, Huard RC, Bandy U, Hillyer CD, Luchsinger LL. Low Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Rhode Island blood donors during may 2020 as determined using multiple serological assay formats. BMC Infect Dis 2021. [PMID: 34433423 DOI: 10.1101/2020.07.20.20157743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemic projections and public health policies addressing Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 have been implemented without data reporting on the seroconversion of the population since scalable antibody testing has only recently become available. METHODS We measured the percentage of severe acute respiratory syndrome- Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositive individuals from 2008 blood donors drawn in the state of Rhode Island (RI). We utilized multiple antibody testing platforms, including lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and high throughput serological assays (HTSAs). To estimate seroprevalence, we utilized the Bayesian statistical method to adjust for sensitivity and specificity of the commercial tests used. RESULTS We report than an estimated seropositive rate of RI blood donors of approximately 0.6% existed in April-May of 2020. Daily new case rates peaked in RI in late April 2020. We found HTSAs and LFAs were positively correlated with ELISA assays to detect antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors. CONCLUSIONS These data imply that seroconversion, and thus infection, is likely not widespread within this population. We conclude that IgG LFAs and HTSAs are suitable to conduct seroprevalence assays in random populations. More studies will be needed using validated serological tests to improve the precision and report the kinetic progression of seroprevalence estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Nesbitt
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P Jin
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph W Hogan
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jenny Yang
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haidee Chen
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Utpala Bandy
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Larry L Luchsinger
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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27
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Nesbitt DJ, Jin DP, Hogan JW, Yang J, Chen H, Chan PA, Simon MJ, Vargas M, King E, Huard RC, Bandy U, Hillyer CD, Luchsinger LL. Low Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Rhode Island blood donors during may 2020 as determined using multiple serological assay formats. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:871. [PMID: 34433423 PMCID: PMC8386143 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemic projections and public health policies addressing Coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 have been implemented without data reporting on the seroconversion of the population since scalable antibody testing has only recently become available. METHODS We measured the percentage of severe acute respiratory syndrome- Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) seropositive individuals from 2008 blood donors drawn in the state of Rhode Island (RI). We utilized multiple antibody testing platforms, including lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and high throughput serological assays (HTSAs). To estimate seroprevalence, we utilized the Bayesian statistical method to adjust for sensitivity and specificity of the commercial tests used. RESULTS We report than an estimated seropositive rate of RI blood donors of approximately 0.6% existed in April-May of 2020. Daily new case rates peaked in RI in late April 2020. We found HTSAs and LFAs were positively correlated with ELISA assays to detect antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors. CONCLUSIONS These data imply that seroconversion, and thus infection, is likely not widespread within this population. We conclude that IgG LFAs and HTSAs are suitable to conduct seroprevalence assays in random populations. More studies will be needed using validated serological tests to improve the precision and report the kinetic progression of seroprevalence estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Nesbitt
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P Jin
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph W Hogan
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jenny Yang
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haidee Chen
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philip A Chan
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Rhode Island State Health Laboratory, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Utpala Bandy
- Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Larry L Luchsinger
- New York Blood Center, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Yap S, Liou F, Khan A, Pillai R, Vu C, Andrews R, King E, Shah A, Goldman R. Abstract No. 472 Alternate venous access sites for ported catheters: experience at a single quaternary care institution. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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Di Geronimo R, Kim P, Andrews R, King E, Shah A, Vu C, Pillai R, Goldman R. Abstract No. 568 Interpretation of diagnostic vascular imaging studies for Medicare patients by interventional radiologists: a comparison to other specialties and implications for interventional radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2021.03.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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30
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Chan PA, King E, Xu Y, Goedel W, Lasher L, Vargas M, Brindamour K, Huard R, Clyne A, McDonald J, Bandy U, Yokum D, Rogers ML, Chambers L, Napoleon SC, Alexander-Scott N, Hogan JW. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Rhode Island From a Statewide Random Sample. Am J Public Health 2021; 111:700-703. [PMID: 33600249 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.306115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To characterize statewide seroprevalence and point prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Rhode Island.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households across Rhode Island in May 2020. Antibody-based and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 were offered. Hispanics/Latinos and African Americans/Blacks were oversampled to ensure adequate representation. Seroprevalence estimations accounted for test sensitivity and specificity and were compared according to age, race/ethnicity, gender, housing environment, and transportation mode.Results. Overall, 1043 individuals from 554 households were tested (1032 antibody tests, 988 PCR tests). The estimated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 2.1% (95% credible interval [CI] = 0.6, 4.1). Seroprevalence was 7.5% (95% CI = 1.3, 17.5) among Hispanics/Latinos, 3.8% (95% CI = 0.0, 15.0) among African Americans/Blacks, and 0.8% (95% CI = 0.0, 2.4) among non-Hispanic Whites. Overall PCR-based prevalence was 1.5% (95% CI = 0.5, 3.1).Conclusions. Rhode Island had low seroprevalence relative to other settings, but seroprevalence was substantially higher among African Americans/Blacks and Hispanics/Latinos. Rhode Island sits along the highly populated northeast corridor, making our findings broadly relevant to this region of the country. Continued monitoring via population-based sampling is needed to quantify these impacts going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Chan
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Ewa King
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Yizhen Xu
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - William Goedel
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Leanne Lasher
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Matt Vargas
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Ken Brindamour
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Richard Huard
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Ailis Clyne
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - James McDonald
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Utpala Bandy
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - David Yokum
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Laura Chambers
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Siena C Napoleon
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Nicole Alexander-Scott
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
| | - Joseph W Hogan
- Philip A. Chan, Ewa King, Leanne Lasher, Matt Vargas, Ken Brindamour, Richard Huard, Ailis Clyne, James McDonald, Utpala Bandy, Laura Chambers, and Nicole Alexander-Scott are with the Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence. Yizhen Xu is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. William Goedel, Michelle L. Rogers, and Joseph W. Hogan are with the Brown University School of Public Health, Providence. David Yokum is with The Policy Lab, Brown University, Providence. Siena C. Napoleon is with the Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence
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Paiva KJ, Grisson RD, Chan PA, Huard RC, Caliendo AM, Lonks JR, King E, Tang EW, Pytel-Parenteau DL, Nam GH, Yakirevich E, Lu S. Validation and performance comparison of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. J Med Virol 2021; 93:916-923. [PMID: 32710669 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.29.124776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Serology testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is increasingly being used during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although its clinical and epidemiologic utilities are still debatable. Characterizing these assays provides scientific basis to best use them. The current study assessed one chemiluminescent assay (Abbott COVID-2 IgG) and two lateral flow assays (STANDARD Q [SQ] IgM/IgG Duo and Wondfo total antibody test) using 113 blood samples from 71 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 119 samples with potential cross-reactions, and 1068 negative controls including 942 pre-pandemic samples. SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies became detectable 3-4 days post-symptom onset using SQ IgM test and IgG antibodies were first detected 5-6 days post-onset using SQ IgG. Abbott IgG and Wondfo Total were able to detect antibodies 7 to 8 days post-onset. After 14 days post-symptom onset, the SQ IgG, Abbott IgG and Wondfo Total tests were able to detect antibodies from 100% of the PCR-confirmed patients in this series; 87.5% sensitivity for SQ IgM. Overall agreement was 88.5% between SQ IgM/IgG and Wondfo Total and 94.6% between SQ IgG and Abbott IgG. No cross-reaction due to recent sera with three of the endemic coronaviruses was observed. Viral hepatitis and autoimmune samples were the main source of limited cross-reactions. The specificities were 100% for SQ IgG and Wondfo Total, 99.62% for Abbott IgG, and 98.87% for SQ IgM. These findings demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of appropriately validated SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays with implications for clinical use and epidemiological seroprevalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Paiva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ricky D Grisson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island State Laboratory, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Angela M Caliendo
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John R Lonks
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island State Laboratory, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eric W Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Diane L Pytel-Parenteau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ga H Nam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Evgeny Yakirevich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Gore S, Franklyn-Miller A, Richter C, King E, Falvey EC, Moran K. Corrigendum to "The effects of rehabilitation on the biomechanics of patients with athletic groin pain" [J. Biomech. 99 (2020) 109474]. J Biomech 2020; 115:110128. [PMID: 33303213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gore
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland; School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; INSIGHT Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - A Franklyn-Miller
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland; Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Richter
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E King
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, UK
| | - E C Falvey
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Santry Demesne, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - K Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; INSIGHT Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Stojanovski K, King E, Amico KR, Eisenberg M, Geronimus A, Schmidt A. Stigmatizing policies’ influence on HIV risk through their effect on internalized homonegativity and health behaviors among men who have sex with men in Europe. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Men who have sex with men (MSM) in Europe are most affected by HIV disparities. Complex systems theory proposes that many health behaviors and risks arise from numerous cascading and interacting processes. Our aim was to explore how stigmatizing policies at the European country-level create pathways to HIV risk and disparities among MSM in Europe.
Methods
We used data from the 2017 European Men Who Have Sex with Men Internet Survey (EMIS-2017). The anonymous online survey recruited 126,090 European MSM. We assessed condom use with steady & non-steady partners as the outcome. Condom use was categorized from zero to 10 (10 or more partners). Abuse was scored zero to three and internalized homonegativity from zero to six. We used the International Gay and Lesbian Association's Rainbow Index as the main predictor, which ranks European countries' laws and policies regarding LGBTQ+ legal protections from zero (worst) to 100 (best). We used structural equation and multi-level modeling for analyses.
Results
The mean Rainbow Index score was 50.8 with a range from 6 to 88. The Rainbow Index scores were the highest in Western European (mean=62.5), then Central European (mean=45.9), then Eastern Europe (mean=21.4) (p < 0.000). Unadjusted regression models suggested that for every one-unit improvement in the Rainbow Index the number of condomless sexual acts with steady sexual partners was reduced [β=-0.0012, 95% CI (-0.0016, -0.0009)]. The unadjusted structural equation model showed that the relationship between the Rainbow Index and condom use with steady partners was mediated by 30% because of internalized homonegativity (p < 0.000).
Conclusions
The policy context influences HIV risk, especially through the policies' effects on condom use. HIV research and prevention efforts must recognize that structural determinants can shape people's risk for HIV and that the best individual and local efforts may be undermined by structural factors such as policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stojanovski
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - E King
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - K R Amico
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - M Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - A Geronimus
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Abstract
While it is hard to predict what will have happened by the time of the conference, this round table will be tightly templated and coordinated. Each speaker will briefly address the challenges experienced by that country and the actions taken, and focus on explaining why those actions happened in order to draw comparative lessons about public health politics and governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E King
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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35
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King E, Alexandrova O, Batluk J, Shaboltas A. Women who inject drugs in Russia: stigma as a barrier in access to HIV and drug treatment services. Eur J Public Health 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are over one million people living with HIV in Russia. People who inject drugs experience major disparities in their susceptibility to the virus and in their access to HIV services. Women who inject drugs (WWID) have been shown to be at heightened susceptibility to HIV, through both unsafe drug use and unprotected sex. Less is known about the social determinants of engagement in care specifically among WWID.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative research study in St. Petersburg in order to assess what factors influence engagement in HIV-related and drug rehabilitation services. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 service providers and 30 WWID from June-November 2018. We recruited providers to represent a range of services, including government clinics, non-governmental organizations, and family services. We recruited WWID through community outreach services. We used thematic analysis and a team-based approach to coding data.
Results
A major theme across our data was the stigma and discrimination that WWID experience in their everyday lives and in their interactions with the healthcare system. WWID are subjected to stigmatization related to gender norms about drug use, the capacity to fulfill their roles as mothers, (for some) engagement in sex work, and (for some) HIV-positive serostatus. WWID are often reluctant to seek HIV-related services, including testing and treatment, out of fear of being treated poorly because of their drug use. The omnipresent societal stigma manifests into self-stigmatization and many WWID questioned their deserving of and abilities to seek healthcare services, including drug rehabilitation and HIV-related care.
Conclusions
Interventions are needed to address the stigma and discrimination that WWID in Russia experience in families, communities, and health institutions. Additionally, psychosocial interventions may help to address the self-stigmatization that sometimes influences WWID's self-efficacy to seek services.
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Affiliation(s)
- E King
- Department of Health Behavior & Health Education, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - O Alexandrova
- Department of Psychology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - J Batluk
- Department of Psychology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A Shaboltas
- Department of Psychology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Paiva KJ, Grisson RD, Chan PA, Huard RC, Caliendo AM, Lonks JR, King E, Tang EW, Pytel-Parenteau DL, Nam GH, Yakirevich E, Lu S. Validation and performance comparison of three SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. J Med Virol 2020; 93:916-923. [PMID: 32710669 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Serology testing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is increasingly being used during the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although its clinical and epidemiologic utilities are still debatable. Characterizing these assays provides scientific basis to best use them. The current study assessed one chemiluminescent assay (Abbott COVID-2 IgG) and two lateral flow assays (STANDARD Q [SQ] IgM/IgG Duo and Wondfo total antibody test) using 113 blood samples from 71 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 119 samples with potential cross-reactions, and 1068 negative controls including 942 pre-pandemic samples. SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibodies became detectable 3-4 days post-symptom onset using SQ IgM test and IgG antibodies were first detected 5-6 days post-onset using SQ IgG. Abbott IgG and Wondfo Total were able to detect antibodies 7 to 8 days post-onset. After 14 days post-symptom onset, the SQ IgG, Abbott IgG and Wondfo Total tests were able to detect antibodies from 100% of the PCR-confirmed patients in this series; 87.5% sensitivity for SQ IgM. Overall agreement was 88.5% between SQ IgM/IgG and Wondfo Total and 94.6% between SQ IgG and Abbott IgG. No cross-reaction due to recent sera with three of the endemic coronaviruses was observed. Viral hepatitis and autoimmune samples were the main source of limited cross-reactions. The specificities were 100% for SQ IgG and Wondfo Total, 99.62% for Abbott IgG, and 98.87% for SQ IgM. These findings demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of appropriately validated SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays with implications for clinical use and epidemiological seroprevalence studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Paiva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ricky D Grisson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Philip A Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Richard C Huard
- Rhode Island State Laboratory, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Angela M Caliendo
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - John R Lonks
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ewa King
- Rhode Island State Laboratory, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Eric W Tang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Diane L Pytel-Parenteau
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ga H Nam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Evgeny Yakirevich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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Areia C, Vollam S, Ede J, Young L, Piper P, King E, Watkinson P. Regulatory challenges of designing and testing continuous ambulatory vital signs monitoring in ward environments: lessons learned from the vHDU project. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Dean HF, King E, Gane D, Hocking D, Rogers J, Pullyblank A. Introduction of a care bundle effectively and sustainably reduces patient-reported surgical site infection in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. J Hosp Infect 2020; 105:156-161. [PMID: 32289384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections and is particularly prevalent following colorectal surgery. It is associated with an increase in patient morbidity and healthcare costs. SSI is difficult to monitor as it frequently presents after discharge from hospital, especially if enhanced recovery programmes are in place. AIM To develop an effective method for measuring patient-reported 30-day SSI in patients undergoing colorectal resection. To implement a new care bundle capable of delivering a sustainable reduction in SSI. METHODS The Public Health England SSI surveillance questionnaire was used. Several data collection methods were tested including postal and telephone-based systems. A new SSI bundle was introduced in our centre incorporating four evidence-based interventions: 2% chlorhexidine skin preparation; repeat-dose antibiotics after 4 h; dual-ring wound protectors; and triclosan-coated sutures for wound closure. System changes were introduced to ensure that the change was sustainable. FINDINGS The most reliable method of measuring patient-reported SSI was found to be postal questionnaire with telephone calls made to non-responders. Response rates to the SSI surveillance questionnaire were consistently >75%. Introduction of the new care bundle produced a significant reduction in SSI from 20% to 10% (P ≤ 0.0001) which has been sustained for six years. CONCLUSION This is a reliable method for measuring 30-day patient-reported SSI rates. The introduction of this new care bundle has halved the rate of SSI from 20% to 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Dean
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - E King
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - D Gane
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - D Hocking
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J Rogers
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - A Pullyblank
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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Clarke P, Henning J, King E, Coleman G, Schull D. What makes a great clinical team? Stakeholder perspectives on the attributes of effective veterinary health care teams in Australia. Aust Vet J 2020; 97:424-432. [PMID: 31651999 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research in the business and organisational literature links teamwork to enhanced productivity and employee job satisfaction. Good teamwork capability is also a highly regarded graduate attribute linked to employability. This study explored desirable teamwork attributes for veterinary technology graduates in Australia, by surveying veterinarians, veterinary technology graduates, veterinary nurses, clients and academics. Respondents highlighted the importance of seven attributes sourced from the cross-disciplinary teamwork literature-'flexibility' (in approach to work), 'agreeableness', being 'cooperative', 'socially sensitive and perceptive', 'conscientiousness', being 'accepting of others' and 'sharing professional values'. The majority in each stakeholder group viewed all attributes important for teamwork concurring with findings in other fields. Few differences were found between and within groups with veterinarians and academics rating 'conscientiousness' higher than others and female clients placing more importance on relational attributes compared to male clients. Thematic analysis of an open-ended item asking the veterinary health care groups, and veterinary academics, to define teamwork generated nine themes centred on: collaboration, goals and outcomes, sharing values, relationships, diversity, communication, task-orientation, personal attributes, and workplace culture. This study illuminates an interprofessional perspective on veterinary teamwork. Results will be useful for veterinary technology, veterinary nursing and veterinary educators when developing a curriculum for interprofessional teamwork to enhance team performance, employability and, ultimately, the quality of veterinary services.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Clarke
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Henning
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - E King
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - G Coleman
- Faculty of Health, Engineering & Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - D Schull
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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40
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Gore S, Franklyn-Miller A, Richter C, King E, Falvey E, Moran K. The effects of rehabilitation on the biomechanics of patients with athletic groin pain. J Biomech 2020; 99:109474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.109474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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41
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King E, Turner JE, Ali S, Wilkinson I. 4THE INTRODUCTION OF AN ORTHOPAEDIC CLERKING PRO-FORMA FOR PATIENTS OVER 60 YEARS OF AGE TO IDENTIFY PATIENTS WITH A HIGH CLINICAL FRAILTY SCORE REQUIRING AN ORTHOGERIATRIC INTERVENTION. Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz055.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E King
- East Surrey Hospital, Redhill
| | | | - S Ali
- East Surrey Hospital, Redhill
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King E, King E, King E. Abstract No. 549 Sample adequacy and safety outcomes of small-bore needles for ultrasound-guided percutaneous biopsy of the native kidney. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2018.12.630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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43
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Stojanovski K, King E, Bondikjova V, Brooks D, Mihajlov A. Avenues to address the needs of SGM in post-socialist countries: findings from Macedonia. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky212.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E King
- University of Michigann, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - D Brooks
- University of Michigann, Ann Arbor, USA
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Alsaied T, Tseng S, King E, Hahn E, Divanovic A, Habli M, Cnota J. Effect of fetal hemodynamics on growth in fetuses with single ventricle or transposition of the great arteries. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2018; 52:479-487. [PMID: 29057564 DOI: 10.1002/uog.18936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As birth weight is a critical predictor of outcome in neonates with congenital heart defect (CHD), the common problem of poor fetal growth in this population is clinically important. However, it is not well understood and the impact of fetal hemodynamics on fetal growth and birth weight in those with CHD has not been assessed. In this study, we sought to evaluate the association between combined cardiac output (CCO) and fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA) pulsatility indices (PIs) and fetal growth in different subgroups of CHD, and to study the effects of fetal hemodynamics on late gestational weight gain. We hypothesized that fetuses with CHD will have lower CCO and be smaller at birth. METHODS This was a retrospective review of fetal echocardiograms from 67 fetuses diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS, n = 30), non-HLHS single ventricle (SV) (n = 20) or dextrotransposition of the great arteries (d-TGA, n = 17), compared with normal controls (n = 42). CCO was calculated using valvar area, velocity-time integral and heart rate and indexed to estimated fetal weight. MCA- and UA-PI were calculated using systolic, diastolic and mean velocities. Fetal biometry was recorded. Regression models were used to study trends in CCO, MCA- and UA-PI and fetal biometry over gestational age. To evaluate fetal weight gain in late gestation, Z-scores of estimated fetal weight at 30 weeks and birth weight were compared. Regression analysis was used to determine the associations of CCO, indexed CCO and MCA- and UA-PI at 30 weeks with birth weight, length and head circumference Z-scores, in addition to weight gain late in gestation. The gestational age of 30 weeks was chosen based on previous studies that found evidence of poor weight gain in fetuses with CHD in late gestation, starting at around that time. RESULTS CCO increased with gestation in all four groups but the rate was slower in fetuses with HLHS and in those with SV. MCA-PI was lower in fetuses with HLHS compared with in those with non-HLHS-SV throughout gestation, suggesting different cerebral blood distribution. At the end of gestation, rate of fetal weight gain slowed in those with HLHS and in those with SV (similar to CCO curves), and head circumference growth rate slowed in all groups but controls. CCO, indexed CCO and MCA- and UA-PI did not correlate with any of the birth measurements or with weight gain late in gestation in fetuses with CHD. CONCLUSIONS We found no associations of CCO or MCA- and UA-PI with late gestational weight gain or biometry at birth in fetuses with CHD. This does not support fetal hemodynamics as the primary driver of suboptimal fetal growth in fetuses with SV. Future research could further explain genetic and placental abnormalities that may affect fetal growth in those with CHD. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alsaied
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Tseng
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E King
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E Hahn
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - A Divanovic
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Habli
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - J Cnota
- Children's Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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King E, Wengreen H. Associations Between Level of Interest In Nutrition, Knowledge of Nutrition, and Prevalence of Orthorexia Traits. J Acad Nutr Diet 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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46
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Nadarajan J, Benson EE, Xaba P, Harding K, Lindstrom A, Donaldson J, Seal CE, Kamoga D, Agoo EMG, Li N, King E, Pritchard HW. Comparative Biology of Cycad Pollen, Seed and Tissue - A Plant Conservation Perspective. Bot Rev 2018; 84:295-314. [PMID: 30174336 PMCID: PMC6105234 DOI: 10.1007/s12229-018-9203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cycads are the most endangered of plant groups based on IUCN Red List assessments; all are in Appendix I or II of CITES, about 40% are within biodiversity 'hotspots,' and the call for action to improve their protection is long-standing. We contend that progress in this direction will not be made until there is better understanding of cycad pollen, seed and tissue biology, which at the moment is limited to relatively few (<10%) species. We review what is known about germplasm (seed and pollen) storage and germination, together with recent developments in the application of contemporary technologies to tissues, such as isotype labelling, biomolecular markers and tissue culture. Whilst progress is being made, we conclude that an acceleration of comparative studies is needed to facilitate the integration of in situ and ex situ conservation programmes to better safeguard endangered cycads.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nadarajan
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
- Present Address: The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - E. E. Benson
- Damar Research Scientists, Damar, Cuparmuir, Fife, KY15 5RJ UK
| | - P. Xaba
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - K. Harding
- Damar Research Scientists, Damar, Cuparmuir, Fife, KY15 5RJ UK
| | - A. Lindstrom
- Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Garden, Chonburi, 20250 Thailand
| | - J. Donaldson
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - C. E. Seal
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
| | - D. Kamoga
- Joint Ethnobotanical Research Advocacy, P.O.Box 27901, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - N. Li
- Fairy Lake Botanic Garden, Shenzhen, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - E. King
- UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - H. W. Pritchard
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN UK
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47
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Grunwitz C, Jahndel V, Braun J, Schwarck-Kokarakis D, Vascotto F, Setzer J, King E, Ottensmeier C, Türeci Ö, Sahin U. PO-516 E6/E7 RNA(LIP): a novel liposomal RNA vaccine for treatment of patients with HPV16-positive malignancies. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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48
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Willcott Benoit W, King E, Garland SN. 1003 Non-Medical Use of Prescription Stimulants for Daytime Sleepiness in University Students. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Willcott Benoit
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
| | - E King
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
| | - S N Garland
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
- Division of Oncology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
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49
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King E, Lane H, Garland SN. 0361 Prevalence and Predictive Factors of Sleeping Medication Use Among Students at a Canadian University. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E King
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
| | - H Lane
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
| | - S N Garland
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
- Division of Oncology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, CANADA
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Gore SJ, Franklyn-Miller A, Richter C, Falvey EC, King E, Moran K. Is stiffness related to athletic groin pain? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1681-1690. [PMID: 29423946 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Athletic groin pain (AGP) is a common injury prevalent in field sports. One biomechanical measure that may be of importance for injury risk is stiffness. To date, [corrected] however, stiffness has not been examined in AGP. The primary aim was to determine whether AGP affects vertical and joint stiffness and if so, whether successful rehabilitation is associated with a change in stiffness. Sixty-five male patients with AGP and fifty male controls were recruited to this study. Assessment included a biomechanical examination of stiffness during a lateral hurdle hop test. Subjects with AGP were tested pre- and post-rehabilitation, while controls were tested once. AGP subjects were cleared for return to play in a median time of 9.14 weeks (5.14-29.0). Stiffness was significantly different at pre-rehabilitation in comparison with controls for three [corrected] of the ten stiffness values examined: ankle plantar flexor, knee extensor, hip abductor, and vertical stiffness (P < .05, D = 0.38-0.81). [corrected]. Despite clearance for return to play, of these four variables, only hip abductor stiffness changed significantly from pre- to post-rehabilitation (P = .05, D = 0.36) [corrected] to become non-significantly different to the uninjured group (P = .23, D = 0.23). [corrected]. These findings suggest that hip abductor stiffness may represent a target for AGP rehabilitation. Conversely, given the clearance for return to play, the lower sagittal plane and vertical stiffness in the AGP group in comparison with the uninjured controls likely represents either a compensatory mechanism to reduce the risk of further injury or a consequence of neuromuscular detraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Gore
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, UK.,School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, UK.,INSIGHT Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, UK
| | - A Franklyn-Miller
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, UK.,Centre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Richter
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, UK
| | - E C Falvey
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, UK.,Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, UK
| | - E King
- Sports Medicine Research Department, Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, Roehampton, UK
| | - K Moran
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, UK.,INSIGHT Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, Dublin, UK
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