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Carey RN, Crawford G, Jancey J, Lam T, Nimmo L, Trapp G, Pollard C, Hooper P, Leavy JE. Young people's alcohol use in and around water: A scoping review of the literature. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:874-896. [PMID: 38461491 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
ISSUES The surrounding social and commercial context, including alcohol advertising, heavily influences alcohol consumption. Alcohol use is a major risk factor for both fatal and non-fatal drowning, particularly for young people. APPROACH We conducted a scoping review to explore the peer-reviewed literature on the use of alcohol by young people (aged 15-34 years) in the context of aquatic environments. Five electronic academic databases were searched for English-language studies conducted in high-income countries and published in the last 15 years (since 2008). The MetaQAT framework was used to assess methodological quality of included studies. KEY FINDINGS The review included a total of 24 studies, including those addressing the prevalence of and/or risk factors for alcohol use in aquatic environments among young people (n = 13); the epidemiology of alcohol-related unintentional drowning in young people (n = 9); and interventions to reduce alcohol-related harm around water (n = 3). Findings suggest that young people commonly consume alcohol around water, particularly young men. We found multiple influences on this behaviour, including the perception of risk, location of aquatic activity and presence of others, particularly peers. IMPLICATIONS Understanding the literature addressing alcohol use around water among young people will assist in identifying and setting priorities for drowning prevention, including the need to mitigate the effects of alcohol advertising which promotes drinking in and around water. CONCLUSION There is a clear imperative to address the use of alcohol by young people in aquatic environments. These findings have key implications for public health policy, advocacy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee N Carey
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Gemma Crawford
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Tina Lam
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lauren Nimmo
- Research, Media and Communications, Royal Life Saving Society Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Paula Hooper
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Justine E Leavy
- Collaboration for Evidence Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
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Wells G, Trapp G, Wickens N, Heritage B. Powerful promotions: An investigation of the teen-directed marketing power of outdoor food advertisements located near schools in Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2024; 35:144-153. [PMID: 37012612 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Adolescents are heavily exposed to unhealthy outdoor food advertisements near schools, however, the marketing power of these advertisements among adolescents has not yet been explored. This study aimed to investigate the teen-directed marketing features present and quantify the overall marketing power of outdoor food advertisements located near schools to explore any differences by content (ie, alcohol, discretionary, core and miscellaneous foods) school type (ie, primary, secondary, K-12) and area-level socio-economic status (SES; ie, low vs high). METHODS This cross-sectional study audited every outdoor food advertisement (n = 1518) within 500m of 64 randomly selected schools in Perth, Western Australia, using a teen-informed coding tool to score the marketing power of each advertisement. RESULTS Outdoor alcohol advertisements around schools had the highest average marketing power score and number of advertising features present. Outdoor advertisements for alcohol and discretionary foods scored significantly higher in marketing power than core food advertisements (P < .001). Outdoor alcohol advertisements around secondary schools scored significantly higher in marketing power than around primary and K-12 schools (P < .001); and outdoor advertisements for discretionary foods in low SES areas scored significantly higher in marketing power than those in high SES areas (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study found outdoor advertisements for unhealthy products, such as alcohol and discretionary foods, were more powerful than advertisements for core foods around schools. SO WHAT?: These findings strengthen the need for policies which restrict outdoor advertisements for non-core foods near schools, to reduce adolescents' exposure to powerful alcohol and discretionary food advertisements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Wells
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nicole Wickens
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Brody Heritage
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
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Henry A, Fried L, Nathan A, Dhamrait G, Boruff B, Schipperijn J, Cross D, Beck B, Trapp G, Christian H. The built environment and child obesity: A review of Australian policies. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13650. [PMID: 37804083 PMCID: PMC10909561 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Child obesity is a serious public health challenge affected by both individual choice and societal and environmental factors. The main modifiable risk factors for child obesity are unhealthy eating and low levels of physical activity, both influenced by aspects of the built environment. Coordinated government policy across jurisdictions, developed using strong research evidence, can enable built environments that better support healthy lifestyles. This study reviewed current Australian and Western Australian government policies to understand if and how they address the impact of the built environment on child obesity, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and diet. Current government policy documents related to the built environment and child health were analyzed using the Comprehensive Analysis of Policy on Physical Activity framework. Ten Australian and 31 Western Australian government policy documents were identified. Most referred to the role of the built environment in supporting physical activity. Very few policies mentioned the built environment's role in reducing sedentary behaviors, supporting healthy eating, and addressing obesity. Few recognized the needs of children, and none mentioned children in policy development. Future government policy development should include the voices of children and child-specific built environment features. Inter-organizational policies with transparent implementation and evaluation plans are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henry
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Leanne Fried
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrea Nathan
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Gursimran Dhamrait
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Bryan Boruff
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ben Beck
- School of Public Health and Preventive MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids InstituteThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Population and Global HealthThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Ayalde J, Ta D, Adesanya O, Mandzufas J, Lombardi K, Trapp G. Awake and Alert: Examining the Portrayal of Energy Drinks on TikTok. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:633-635. [PMID: 36529617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Energy drinks (EDs) are not recommended for minors' consumption due to a myriad of health risks, but marketing initiatives persist. This study explored the promotion of EDs on TikTok, a platform frequented by children and adolescents. METHODS 197 highly viewed videos from the four top ED-related hashtags on TikTok were coded for engagement variables, user information, sponsorship status, video content, and sentiment toward EDs. RESULTS Of the 197 videos analyzed (combined 70 + million views), 29% disclosed sponsorship and 22% featured a child/adolescent. ED consumption appeared in 46% of videos, with 15% depicting hazardous consumption. Most videos (67%) had a positive sentiment toward EDs. DISCUSSION ED-related TikTok videos are positively framed, have high engagement, and are not restricted for viewing by minors. As the platform's underage user-base grows, such videos may encourage heightened consumption. Given the known health risks, effective age-gated content restrictions are needed to reduce minors' exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Ayalde
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Daniel Ta
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Olaoluwa Adesanya
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joelie Mandzufas
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karen Lombardi
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Francis J, Strobel N, Trapp G, Pearce N, Vaz S, Christian H, Runions K, Martin K, Cross D. How does the school built environment impact students' bullying behaviour? A scoping review. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115451. [PMID: 36272387 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE School bullying is a public health concern affecting the physical and mental health of children and young people. While school-based interventions to prevent bullying have been developed internationally, the effectiveness of many interventions has been mixed and modest. Despite a growing recognition that the school built environment may impact bullying behaviour, few anti-bullying interventions have addressed the built environment. OBJECTIVE This systematic scoping review explored existing literature for evidence that the school built environment influences bullying behaviour in school students. METHODS The review was guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework for scoping reviews. A search of six databases (Medline, PsycINFO, ERIC, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus and The Cochrane Library) identified studies addressing primary, middle and secondary school students, bullying, school bullying locations, and school built environments. Peer-reviewed journal articles published in English prior to July 19, 2021, were included. RESULTS In total, 7568 documents were screened by title and abstract. Following a full-text review, 61 studies (63 articles) were selected; 43 studies identified school bullying locations, and 19 studies linked features of the school built environment to bullying behaviour. Classrooms, playgrounds, and corridors were identified as common bullying locations. Features of the school built environment linked to bullying behaviour included security cameras, architectural design, aesthetics, seating, and vandalism. CONCLUSIONS This review identified key school settings for anti-bullying interventions and identified gaps in existing built environment and bullying literature. Further analyses of published studies will inform anti-bullying policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Natalie Strobel
- Kurongkurl Katitjin, Centre for Indigenous Australian Education and Research, Edith Cowan University, 2 Bradford Street, Mount Lawley, Western Australia, 6050, Australia.
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Natasha Pearce
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Sharmila Vaz
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Kevin Runions
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Karen Martin
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
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Francis J, Trapp G, Pearce N, Burns S, Cross D. School Built Environments and Bullying Behaviour: A Conceptual Model Based on Qualitative Interviews. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:15955. [PMID: 36498029 PMCID: PMC9738177 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in how the school built environment impacts bullying behaviour has gained momentum in recent years. While numerous studies have identified locations within schools where bullying frequently occurs, few studies have investigated the potential conceptual pathways linking school locations to bullying behaviour. This study aimed to (i) identify school built environment factors that may prevent or facilitate bullying behaviour in primary and secondary schools; and (ii) develop a conceptual model of potential pathways between the school built environment and bullying behaviour for future anti-bullying intervention research. Seventy individual semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and December 2020, with policymakers (n = 22), school staff (n = 12), parents (n = 18), and students (n = 18). School staff, parents and students, were recruited from six metropolitan primary and secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia. Interviews were conducted online and face-to-face using semi-structured interview guides. A thematic analysis was undertaken. Participants identified school bullying locations (e.g., locker areas, bathrooms, corridors) and built environment factors linked to bullying behaviour via (i) visibility and supervision; (ii) physical and psychological comfort and safety; and (iii) social-emotional competencies. The findings have policy and practice implications regarding the design of school built environments to prevent bullying behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Natasha Pearce
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Francis J, Sachan P, Waters Z, Trapp G, Pearce N, Burns S, Lin A, Cross D. Gender-Neutral Toilets: A Qualitative Exploration of Inclusive School Environments for Sexuality and Gender Diverse Youth in Western Australia. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10089. [PMID: 36011720 PMCID: PMC9407760 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
School toilets have been identified by sexuality and gender diverse (SGD) students as the least safe spaces in educational institutions. They are sites of verbal, physical and sexual victimisation. Providing gender-neutral toilets in primary and secondary schools may reduce the bullying and victimisation of SGD students, particularly those who are transgender or gender-diverse. This study explored factors influencing the inclusion of gender-neutral toilets in primary and secondary schools in Western Australia. Thirty-four interviews were conducted from May to December 2020 with policy makers or practitioners (n = 22) and school staff (n = 12) in Perth, Western Australia. Interviews were conducted online and face-to-face using semi-structured interview guides. A thematic analysis of the cross-sectional qualitative data was undertaken. School staff, policy makers, and practitioners identified school toilets as sites of bullying and victimisation of SGD youth and expressed support for gender-neutral toilets as an anti-bullying strategy. Perceived barriers to introducing gender-neutral toilets in schools included financial and spatial costs, building code compliance constraints, resistance from parents and students, privacy and confidentiality concerns, and cultural appropriateness. Including gender-neutral toilets in schools may reduce school-based bullying and victimisation, and improve the mental and physical health of SGD youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Sachan
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zoe Waters
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Natasha Pearce
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St., Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Donna Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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Trapp G, Hooper P, Thornton L, Kennington K, Sartori A, Wickens N, Mandzufas J, Billingham W. Children's exposure to outdoor food advertising near primary and secondary schools in Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 33:642-648. [PMID: 34418222 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Previous research has highlighted children's frequent exposure to advertisements of unhealthy food and beverages on television. However, the food industry is increasingly utilising non-broadcast channels such as outdoor advertising (eg billboards, bus shelters, shop fronts) for product marketing. Few studies have investigated children's exposure to outdoor food advertising around primary and secondary schools. This study aimed to quantify the presence and content of outdoor food advertisements within a 500 m radius of primary and secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia. METHODS A cross-sectional design was used to capture outdoor advertisements within a 500 m radial buffer around the school boundary. The INFORMAS protocol for monitoring outdoor advertising around child-serving institutions was used. Sixty-four primary and secondary schools in Perth, Australia, were selected using random sampling within socio-economic and population density strata. RESULTS In total, 5636 outdoor advertisements were identified within a 500 m radius of all 64 schools combined and 30% were for food. Of the 1708 food advertisements, 74% were for unhealthy (non-core) food. The most frequently advertised food products were alcohol, fast food and sugar-sweetened beverages. Only 8% of food advertisements featured a healthy product. The majority of schools (75%) had at least one food advertisement within 500 m (mean 36, range 3-190). Schools in lower socio-economic areas had more food advertisements and a significantly higher proportion of unhealthy food advertisements within 250 m. CONCLUSION Outdoor advertising around schools constitutes a potential frequent source of children's exposure to unhealthy food and alcohol advertising. SO WHAT?: Policy interventions restricting the content of outdoor food advertising near schools are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paula Hooper
- Australian Urban Design Research Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lukar Thornton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Kennington
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ainslie Sartori
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Wickens
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joelie Mandzufas
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wesley Billingham
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Trapp G, Hooper P, Thornton LE, Kennington K, Sartori A, Wickens N, Billingham W. Exposure to unhealthy food and beverage advertising during the school commute in Australia. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:1232-1235. [PMID: 34281992 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2021-217032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food marketing exposure has the potential to influence children's dietary behaviours and health status, however, few studies have identified how 'obesogenic' the outdoor food marketing environment is along public transport (bus and/or train) or walking routes that children take to school. METHODS Audits of all outdoor advertisements present along likely train, bus and walking routes to 24 secondary schools (ie, 3 routes per school, 72 routes total) were conducted in Perth, Western Australia (WA). The size, content, type and setting of each advertisement were recorded in accordance with the International Network for Food and Obesity/non-communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support protocol for monitoring outdoor advertising. RESULTS Of the 4016 total advertisements observed, almost half were for food (n=1754, 44%) and of these, 80% (n=1397) advertised discretionary (non-core) foods, and 8% (n=138) advertised healthy (core) foods. On average, commuting to school by train, bus and walking exposed Perth schoolchildren to 37.1, 22 and 4.5 discretionary (non-core) food ads per one-way trip to school, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Children living in Perth, WA experience a high level of exposure to unhealthy outdoor food advertisements during the school commute. Policies which restrict the placement and content of outdoor advertising, could be a useful strategy in the fight against childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paula Hooper
- The University of Western Australia School of Design, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lukar E Thornton
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kelly Kennington
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ainslie Sartori
- Cancer Council Western Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicole Wickens
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wesley Billingham
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Appannah G, Murray K, Trapp G, Dymock M, Oddy WH, Ambrosini GL. Dietary pattern trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood and their associations with childhood and parental factors. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:36-46. [PMID: 33181820 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although adolescent dietary patterns tend to be of poor quality, it is unclear whether dietary patterns established in adolescence persist into adulthood. OBJECTIVES We examined trajectories across adolescence and early adulthood for 2 major dietary patterns and their associations with childhood and parental factors. METHODS Using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine Study), intakes of 38 food groups were estimated at ages 14, 17, 20 and 22 y in 1414 participants using evaluated FFQs. Using factor analysis, 2 major dietary patterns (healthy and Western) were consistently identified across follow-ups. Sex-specific group-based modeling assessed the variation in individual dietary pattern z scores to identify group trajectories for each pattern between ages 14 and 22 y and to assess their associations with childhood and parental factors. RESULTS Two major trajectory groups were identified for each pattern. Between ages 14 and 22 y, a majority of the cohort (70% males, 73% females) formed a trajectory group with consistently low z scores for the healthy dietary pattern. The remainder had trajectories showing either declining (27% females) or reasonably consistent healthy dietary pattern z scores (30% males). For the Western dietary pattern, the majority formed trajectories with reasonably consistent average scores (79% males, 81% females) or low scores that declined over time. However, 21% of males had a trajectory of steady, marked increases in Western dietary pattern scores over time. A lower maternal education and higher BMI (in kg/m2) were positively associated with consistently lower scores of the healthy dietary pattern. Lower family income, family functioning score, maternal age, and being in a single-parent family were positively related to higher scores of the Western dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS Poor dietary patterns established in adolescence are likely to track into early adulthood, particularly in males. This study highlights the transition between adolescence and early adulthood as a critical period and the populations that could benefit from dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Appannah
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Michael Dymock
- Centre for Applied Statistics, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Wendy Hazel Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Medical Science Precinct, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gina Leslie Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
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Kaur S, Christian H, Cooper MN, Francis J, Allen K, Trapp G. Consumption of energy drinks is associated with depression, anxiety, and stress in young adult males: Evidence from a longitudinal cohort study. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:1089-1098. [PMID: 32845046 DOI: 10.1002/da.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks (EDs) claim to boost mental performance, however, few studies have examined the prospective effects of EDs on mental health. This study examined longitudinal associations between ED use and mental health symptoms in young adults aged 20 years over a 2-year period. METHODS Data were drawn from Gen2 (Generation 2) of the Raine Study, a prospective population-based study in Western Australia. Self-report questionnaires assessed ED consumption and mental health symptoms (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale [DASS]-21) when Gen2 participants were 20 and 22 years old. Changes in ED use and DASS-21 scores over time were analyzed and results presented for the whole sample and by sex. RESULTS For the whole sample (n = 429), participants who changed from being a non-ED user to an ED user had an average increase in stress scores of 2.30 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.04, 4.55) across the 2-year follow-up. Males, but not females who changed from being a non-ED user to an ED user had an average increase in depression, anxiety, and stress scores of 6.09 (95% CI = 3.36, 8.81), 3.76 (95% CI = 1.82, 5.70), and 3.22 (95% CI = 0.47, 5.97), respectively. CONCLUSION ED consumption may be a possible marker for mental health symptoms in young male adults. Practicing clinicians could consider screening for ED use in routine assessments of mental health, particularly for young males presenting with depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrat Kaur
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Matthew N Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karina Allen
- School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Eating Disorders Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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12
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Trapp G, Hurworth M, Jacoby P, Christian H, Ambrosini G, Oddy W, Straker L, Mori T, Beilin L, Allen K. Energy drink intake and metabolic syndrome: A prospective investigation in young adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1679-1684. [PMID: 32807639 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are concerns that energy drinks (EDs) are contributing to upward trends in overweight, obesity, and cardiometabolic conditions in young people. We investigated cross-sectional and prospective associations between frequency of ED-intake in young-adults and (i) body mass index (BMI) and (ii) Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants from the Raine Study at 20-years (n = 1236) and 22 years (n = 1117) self-reported ED-intake, dietary intake, and physical activity, and had blood and anthropometric measures taken. Regression modelling examined associations between ED-intake and BMI, MetS and its components. There was a positive, but not significant, cross-sectional association with BMI and likelihood of MetS with frequent ED use at 20-years (BMI: β = 0.19; MetS: OR = 1.11) and 22-years (BMI: β = 0.51; MetS: OR = 1.28). There were no associations in the prospective analysis. After adjustment, significant associations existed between occasional ED-intake and lower HDL-cholesterol (β = -0.07) and higher fasting triglycerides (β = 0.16) at 20-years, and lower fasting triglycerides at 22-years (β = -0.10), but no significant associations in the prospective analyses. CONCLUSION No significant associations existed between frequency of ED-intake, and BMI, MetS or its individual components over two years (ages 20-22 years). Future studies should include volume of EDs consumed and longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Miriam Hurworth
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Peter Jacoby
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gina Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Wendy Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Trevor Mori
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Lawrence Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6000, Australia
| | - Karina Allen
- School of Psychology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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13
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Bivoltsis A, Trapp G, Knuiman M, Hooper P, Ambrosini GL. Do Changes in the Local Food Environment Within New Residential Developments Influence the Diets of Residents? Longitudinal Results from RESIDE. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17186778. [PMID: 32957529 PMCID: PMC7576477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is limited longitudinal evidence supporting a link between food outlet locations and dietary outcomes to inform policy and urban planning. This study examined how longitudinal changes in the local food environment within new residential developments influenced changes in adult dietary intake. Methods: Adult participant data (n = 3223 person-observations) were sourced from the RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) project across three time points between 2004 to 2012 in Perth, Western Australia. Fixed effects regression estimated the relationship between change in spatial exposure to the local food environment, individual behaviours and perceptions of the local food environment with dietary outcome variables (healthy diet score, unhealthy diet score, diet quality score and fruit/vegetable intake). Results: An increase over time in the percentage of healthy food outlets around the home was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with an increase in healthy diet scores and an increase in the distance from home to the nearest café restaurant was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) associated with an increase in diet quality scores. Conclusions: Modifying the local food environment by increasing the relative proportion of healthy food outlets around the home may support healthier dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Bivoltsis
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (M.K.); (G.L.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (M.K.); (G.L.A.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (M.K.); (G.L.A.)
| | - Paula Hooper
- Australian Urban Design Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, 1002 Hay Street, Perth, WA 6000, Australia;
| | - Gina L. Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (M.K.); (G.L.A.)
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14
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Trapp G, Hurworth M, Christian H, Bromberg M, Howard J, McStay C, Ambrosini G, Martin K, Harray A, Cross D, Oddy W, Hammond D. Prevalence and pattern of energy drink intake among Australian adolescents. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:300-304. [PMID: 32827226 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energy drinks (ED) are popular among young people despite evidence of associated health risks. Research into the prevalence and pattern of ED intake among young people is sparse. The present study investigates the prevalence and pattern of ED intake among a large sample of adolescents, including how many consume them, how often, for what reasons and in what contexts. METHODS In 2018, all students in grades 7-12 attending 25 randomly selected Western Australian schools were invited to complete an online self-report survey about EDs. RESULTS Of the 3688 respondents, 51.2% reported consuming an ED. Of these 'ever consumers', 23.4% drank them monthly, 19.2% weekly and 2% every day. The average age of first intake was 10.7 years. One-fifth (19.7%) of 'ever consumers' reported consuming more than two EDs in 1 day. Reasons for ED use included taste, to boost energy levels, sport performance and studying. CONCLUSIONS The findings add to limited international evidence about adolescent ED use and provide valuable information to help ensure interventions to reduce intake address the underlying reasons and contexts of ED consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - M Hurworth
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - H Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - M Bromberg
- The Law School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - J Howard
- School of Law, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - C McStay
- The Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,The Western Australian Department of Health, East Perth, WA, Australia
| | - K Martin
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - A Harray
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - D Cross
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - W Oddy
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - D Hammond
- School of Public Health & Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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15
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Hooper P, Foster S, Bull F, Knuiman M, Christian H, Timperio A, Wood L, Trapp G, Boruff B, Francis J, Strange C, Badland H, Gunn L, Falconer R, Learnihan V, McCormack G, Sugiyama T, Giles-Corti B. Living liveable? RESIDE's evaluation of the "Liveable Neighborhoods" planning policy on the health supportive behaviors and wellbeing of residents in Perth, Western Australia. SSM Popul Health 2020; 10:100538. [PMID: 32072006 PMCID: PMC7016024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2020.100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RESIDential Environments (RESIDE) project is a unique longitudinal natural experiment designed to evaluate the health impacts of the "Liveable Neighbourhoods" planning policy, which was introduced by the Western Australian government to create more walkable suburbs. OBJECTIVES To summarize the RESIDE evidence of the impact of the planning policy on a range of health-supportive behaviours and wellbeing outcomes and to assess the consistency and direction of the estimates of associations. METHODS An audit of 26 RESIDE research papers (from 2003 to 2012) identified the number of positive associations (statistically significant and consistent with policy expectations), negative associations (statistically significant and inconsistent with policy expectations), and null findings from multiple-exposure models between objective and perceived measures of 20 policy design requirements and 13 health-supportive behaviors and wellbeing outcomes. RESULTS In total 332 eligible estimates of associations (n = 257 objective measures and n = 75 perceived measures) were identified. Positively significant findings were detected for: 57% of walking estimates with objectively measured policy design features (negative = 3%; null = 40%) (n = 115) and 54% perceived measures (negative = 0%; null = 33%) (n = 27); 42% of sense of community estimates with objectively measured of policy design features (negative = 8%; null = 50%) (n = 12) and 61% perceived measures (negative = 8%; null = 31%) (n = 13); 39% of safety or crime-related estimates with objectively measured of policy design features (negative = 22%; null = 39%) (n = 28) and 100% perceived measures (n = 7). All (n = 4) estimates for mental health outcomes with objectively measured policy-related design features were positively significant. CONCLUSIONS The synthesis of findings suggests that new suburban communities built in accordance with the "Liveable Neighbourhoods" policy have the potential to encourage health supportive behaviors and wellbeing outcomes including transport and recreation walking, and to create neighborhoods with a stronger sense of community where residents may feel safer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Hooper
- Australian Urban Design Research Centre, School of Design, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sarah Foster
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Fiona Bull
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lisa Wood
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Bryan Boruff
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacinta Francis
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Cecily Strange
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Hannah Badland
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Gunn
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Vincent Learnihan
- Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Gavin McCormack
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, NW Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Takemi Sugiyama
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Bell MF, Turrell G, Beesley B, Boruff B, Trapp G, Zubrick SR, Christian HE. Children’s neighbourhood physical environment and early development: an individual child level linked data study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2020; 74:321-329. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2019-212686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundIdentification of features of the neighbourhood physical environment that have a causal association with positive child development is important for promoting long-term developmental health. Previous research on these associations have been conducted at the neighbourhood level, and do not account for individual variation in exposure to these features.MethodsThis cross-sectional study utilised de-identified linked administrative data. Neighbourhood features were measured with Geographic Information Systems and identified within a 1600 m service area around the child’s home address. The study population included a random selection of 5024 Western Australian children who participated in the 2012 Australian Early Development Census (AEDC; median age 5 years, 5 months). Multi-level logistic regressions modelled the odds of children scoring in the bottom 10% on the physical, social or emotional AEDC domains as an outcome of neighbourhood features.ResultsAfter adjustment for individual and neighbourhood sociodemographic factors, lower odds of physical vulnerability were associated with increased neighbourhood residential density, presence of railway station, and higher counts of playgroups and kindergartens. Larger areas of neighbourhood home-yard space were associated with increased odds of physical and social vulnerability. Presence of high-quality green spaces was associated with lower odds of social vulnerability. Increased road traffic exposure was associated with higher odds of social and emotional vulnerability.ConclusionsThe neighbourhood physical environment has a weak but significant association with early childhood development. Future research should consider the interplay between the neighbourhood environment and proximal influences, including parenting attributes and socioeconomic status, and how they influence early child development.
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17
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Bai P, Thornton A, Lester L, Schipperijn J, Trapp G, Boruff B, Ng M, Wenden E, Christian H. Nature Play and Fundamental Movement Skills Training Programs Improve Childcare Educator Supportive Physical Activity Behavior. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 17:ijerph17010223. [PMID: 31892276 PMCID: PMC6981668 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Physical activity professional development programs for Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) educators are a viable strategy for improving preschool children’s physical activity behavior. This pilot intervention evaluated the effectiveness of ‘nature play’ and ‘fundamental movement skills’ (FMS) professional development programs on ECEC educators’ practices on physical activity. Methods: 148 ECEC educators from 20 ECEC centers took part in either the Nature play or FMS professional development programs in Perth, Western Australia. Educators self-reported their physical activity related practices at baseline and three months post-professional development training, using established items. Wilcoxon’s test and adjusted models using Mann–Whitney U tests were run at the individual educator level to examine the change between baseline and post-professional development educator physical activity behavior. Results: Educators’ self-efficacy to engage children to be active significantly increased in both the Nature play and FMS professional development programs (p < 0.05). In the Nature play professional development program, ECEC educators’ perceived time set aside for children to participate in nature-based play increased by 9.2%, and their perceived behavioral control for supporting general and nature-based play activities for preschool children increased by 5% and 10.3%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, these results were no longer significant after adjusting for educator socio-demographics. Conclusion: Both the Nature play and FMS professional development programs were effective in improving educators’ self-efficacy to engage children to be active in Nature play or FMS activities. Larger pragmatic trials are required to confirm the impact of these professional development programs on educator perceived physical activity behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulan Bai
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ashleigh Thornton
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (A.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Leanne Lester
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (A.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Jasper Schipperijn
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Bryan Boruff
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Michelle Ng
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Elizabeth Wenden
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
| | - Hayley Christian
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; (G.T.); (E.W.); (H.C.)
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia;
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18
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Bivoltsis A, Trapp G, Knuiman M, Hooper P, Ambrosini GL. The evolution of local food environments within established neighbourhoods and new developments in Perth, Western Australia. Health Place 2019; 57:204-217. [PMID: 31103776 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Temporal changes in the location of food outlets can result in disparities in the availability and access of food across geographic areas, contributing to health inequalities. This study used mixed linear models to investigate how the location of food outlets around the home evolved over time with respect to area-level socio-economic status (SES) and urban design within established neighbourhoods and new residential developments. Food outlet data (supermarket/greengrocers, convenience stores, café restaurants and takeaway/fast food) were sourced from commercial database listings (SENSIS Pty. Ltd.) in 2004, 2006, 2007, and 2011. Using 2468 addresses from the RESIDential Environments Project (RESIDE), in Perth, Western Australia (WA), a count of each food outlet type and percentage of healthy food outlets within a 1.6 km road network buffer around the home, along with the road network distance to nearest food outlet were generated relative to each address at each time point. Proximity to and count of all food outlets increased over time in both new developments and established neighbourhoods. However, unhealthy food outlets were always in greater numbers and proximity to the home. The percentage of healthy food outlets was significantly greater in established neighbourhoods compared to new developments at all four time points. There were significantly more food outlets, and within closer proximity to the home, in established neighbourhoods compared to new developments at each time point. In established neighbourhoods, there were more convenience stores, takeaway/fast food and café restaurants, a lower percentage of healthy food outlets, and closer proximity to convenience stores in lower compared to high SES areas. In new developments there were significantly less supermarket/greengrocers, a lower percentage of healthy food outlets and greater proximity to takeaway/fast food and café restaurants in low compared to high SES areas. New developments designed according to the WA government's "Liveable Neighbourhoods Community Design Guidelines" policy had significantly more of all food outlets compared to other new developments. As such, people living in new developments, and low SES areas of Perth, may be disadvantaged with poorer access to healthy food outlets and greater exposure to unhealthy food outlets. Future urban planning and policy should focus on providing incentives that support the early development of supermarkets and healthy food outlets within new developments and low SES areas of Perth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Bivoltsis
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, PO Box 855, West Perth, Western Australia, 6872, Australia.
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Paula Hooper
- School of Agriculture and Environment and the School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Gina Leslie Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
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19
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Armstrong G, Maitland C, Lester L, Trost S, Trapp G, Boruff B, Al Marzooqi M, Christian H. Associations between the home yard and preschoolers’ outdoor play and physical activity. Public Health Res Pract 2019; 29:2911907. [DOI: 10.17061/phrp2911907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Nathan A, Villanueva K, Rozek J, Davern M, Gunn L, Trapp G, Boulangé C, Christian H. The Role of the Built Environment on Health Across the Life Course: A Call for CollaborACTION. Am J Health Promot 2018; 32:1460-1468. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117118779463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Bivoltsis A, Cervigni E, Trapp G, Knuiman M, Hooper P, Ambrosini GL. Food environments and dietary intakes among adults: does the type of spatial exposure measurement matter? A systematic review. Int J Health Geogr 2018; 17:19. [PMID: 29885662 PMCID: PMC5994245 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-018-0139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between food environments and dietary intake have been assessed via a range of methodologically diverse measures of spatial exposure to food outlets, resulting in a largely inconclusive body of evidence, limiting informed policy intervention. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate the influence of methodological choice on study outcomes by examining the within-study effect of availability (e.g., counts) versus accessibility (e.g., proximity) spatial exposure measures on associations with diet. METHODS (PROSPERO registration: CRD42018085250). PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect databases were searched for empirical studies from 1980 to 2017, in the English language, involving adults and reporting on the statistical association between a dietary outcome and spatial exposure measures of both availability and accessibility. Studies were appraised using an eight-point quality criteria with a narrative synthesis of results. RESULTS A total of 205 associations and 44 relationships (i.e., multiple measures of spatial exposure relating to a particular food outlet type and dietary outcome) were extracted from 14 eligible articles. Comparative measures were dominated by counts (availability) and proximity (accessibility). Few studies compared more complex measures and all counts were derived from place-based measures of exposure. Sixteen of the 44 relationships had a significant effect involving an availability measure whilst only 8 had a significant effect from an accessibility measure. The largest effect sizes in relationships were mostly for availability measures. After stratification by scale, availability measure had the greatest effect size in 139 of the 176 pairwise comparisons. Of the 33% (68/205) of associations that reached significance, 53/68 (78%) were from availability measures. There was no relationship between study quality and reported study outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The limited evidence suggests that availability measures may produce significant and greater effect sizes than accessibility measures. However, both availability and accessibility measures may be important concepts of spatial exposure depending on the food outlet type and dietary outcome examined. More studies reporting on multi-method effects are required to differentiate findings by the type of spatial exposure assessment and build an evidence base regarding the appropriateness and robustness of measures under different circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Bivoltsis
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, M451, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Eleanor Cervigni
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, M451, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Matthew Knuiman
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, M451, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Paula Hooper
- School of Agriculture and Environment and the School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Gina Leslie Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, M451, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Ambrosini GL, Hurworth M, Giglia R, Trapp G, Strauss P. Feasibility of a commercial smartphone application for dietary assessment in epidemiological research and comparison with 24-h dietary recalls. Nutr J 2018; 17:5. [PMID: 29316930 PMCID: PMC5761106 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0315-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary assessment methods that can provide high quality data while limiting participant burden and resource requirements in epidemiological research are highly sought after and continue to evolve. The use of mobile phone technology in research has increased rapidly over the last decade and offers multiple advantages to the researcher over traditional data collection methods. This study tested the acceptability and relative validity of a commercial smart phone application (app) for use as an epidemiological dietary assessment tool, compared with a traditional dietary assessment method. Methods Study participants completed a 4-d food diary using a modified version of the Easy Diet Diary app and two 24-h dietary recalls during the same week, for comparison. At the end of data collection, participants completed a questionnaire on their experience with both methods. Average proportions of energy from macronutrients and fibre, iron, and calcium densities from the app and 24-h recalls were compared after log transformation, by calculating mean agreement, limits of agreement (LOA), and Pearson’s correlations. The prevalence of dietary under-reporting was compared in each method using the Goldberg method. Results A total of 50 adults (82% women) provided data for analysis (mean age, 31 y; mean BMI, 22.4 kg/m2; 14% overweight or obese). Participant feedback showed high levels of acceptance of the app; 83% preferred using the app to completing 24-h dietary recalls. The average difference in energy intake (mean agreement) between methods was 268 kJ/d. For all intakes except alcohol, the average difference between methods was not significantly different from zero. Most limits of agreement were within an acceptable range. The prevalence of dietary misreporting was similar in both methods. Conclusions These findings demonstrate good feasibility for applying this commercially-developed smartphone app in epidemiological research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-018-0315-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Ambrosini
- School of Population and Global Health M431, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Miriam Hurworth
- School of Population and Global Health M431, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Roslyn Giglia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- School of Population and Global Health M431, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Penelope Strauss
- School of Population and Global Health M431, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Francis J, Martin K, Costa B, Christian H, Kaur S, Harray A, Barblett A, Oddy WH, Ambrosini G, Allen K, Trapp G. Informing Intervention Strategies to Reduce Energy Drink Consumption in Young People: Findings From Qualitative Research. J Nutr Educ Behav 2017; 49:724-733.e1. [PMID: 28987203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine young people's knowledge of energy drinks (EDs), factors influencing ED consumption, and intervention strategies to decrease ED consumption in young people. DESIGN Eight group interviews with young people (aged 12-25 years). SETTING Community groups and secondary schools in Perth, Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS Forty-one young people, 41% of whom were male and 73% of whom consumed EDs. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST Factors influencing ED consumption and intervention strategies informed by young people to reduce ED consumption. ANALYSIS Two researchers conducted a qualitative content analysis on the data using NVivo software. RESULTS Facilitators of ED consumption included enhanced energy, pleasant taste, low cost, peer pressure, easy availability, and ED promotions. Barriers included negative health effects, unpleasant taste, high cost, and parents' disapproval. Strategies to reduce ED consumption included ED restrictions, changing ED packaging, increasing ED prices, reducing visibility in retail outlets, and research and education. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Because many countries allow the sale of EDs to people aged <18 years, identifying ways to minimize potential harm from EDs is critical. This study provided unique insights into intervention strategies suggested by young people to reduce ED consumption. In addition to more research and education, these strategies included policy changes targeting ED sales, packaging, price, and visibility. Future research might examine the feasibility of implementing such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Martin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Beth Costa
- Institute for Safety, Compensation, and Recovery Research, Monash University, Geelong Victoria, Australia
| | - Hayley Christian
- Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Simmi Kaur
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Amelia Harray
- National Heart Foundation of Australia, Subiaco, Western Australia
| | - Ann Barblett
- Health Department of Western Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia
| | - Wendy Hazel Oddy
- Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Gina Ambrosini
- Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Karina Allen
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College, London, United Kingdom; Maudsley Hospital, London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia
| | - Gina Trapp
- Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia; School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia.
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Francis J, Martin K, Costa B, Christian H, Kaur S, Harray A, Barblett A, Oddy W, Allen K, Ambrosini G, Trapp G. Intervention strategies to reduce energy drink consumption in young people: focus group findings. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Christian H, Trapp G, Lauritsen C, Wright K, Giles-Corti B. Understanding the relationship between dog ownership and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Pediatr Obes 2013; 8:392-403. [PMID: 23239579 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dog ownership is a catalyst for physical activity in adults. Given 50-70% of Australian households with children have a dog, dog-facilitated physical activity may be an effective way to increase physical activity and decrease child obesity. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that children with a family dog walk more, are more physically active and are more likely to achieve recommended levels of weekly physical activity compared with children who do not have a dog. METHOD Cross-sectional data from the Western Australian TRravel, Environment, and Kids project (TREK) were analyzed for 1218 children aged 10-12 years. Individual and environment factors, child physical activity, walking, screen use, sedentary behaviour and dog ownership status was collected from child and parent questionnaires. Children's height and weight were measured. RESULTS Approximately 60% of children had a family dog. Dog ownership was associated with, on average, 29 more minutes of walking and 142 more minutes of physical activity per week (P ≤ 0.01). After adjustment, children with a dog were 49% more likely to achieve the recommended level of weekly physical activity (420 min) and 32% more likely to have walked in their neighbourhood in the last week, compared with non-dog owners (P ≤ 0.05). These relationships varied by gender. Dog ownership was not associated with screen use or weight status. CONCLUSIONS Dog ownership was associated with walking and physical activity, but not screen use or weight status. Within dog-owning families, the promotion of walking and active play with a dog may be a strategy to increase children's physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Christian
- Centre for the Built Environment and Health, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Christian H, Trapp G. Understanding the relationship between dog ownership and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Trapp G, Christian H, Villanueva K. Dog ownership, dog walking and children's independent mobility. J Sci Med Sport 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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v Bodman A, Urschitz MS, Bakeer V, Froehling L, Nowotny F, Trapp G, Poets CF. Hypoxämiehäufigkeit in Rücken- versus Seitenlage bei reifen Neugeborenen in den ersten Lebenstagen. Vorläufige Resultate einer klinischen Interventionsstudie. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cousin H, Trapp O, Peulon-Agasse V, Pannecoucke X, Banspach L, Trapp G, Jiang Z, Combret J, Schurig V. Synthesis, NMR Spectroscopic Characterization and Polysiloxane-Based Immobilization of the Three Regioisomeric Monooctenylpermethyl-β-cyclodextrins and Their Application in Enantioselective GC. European J Org Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200300108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Trapp G. Redefining the health care TEAM (together everyone achieves more) concept. Am Pharm 1994; NS34:5. [PMID: 8037119 DOI: 10.1016/s0160-3450(15)30439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G Trapp
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Pharmacy
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Abreo K, Brown ST, Sella M, Trapp G. Application of an erythrocyte aluminum assay in the diagnosis of aluminum-associated microcytic anemia in patients undergoing dialysis and response to deferoxamine therapy. J Lab Clin Med 1989; 113:50-7. [PMID: 2909650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A method for measuring erythrocyte aluminum content was developed. Erythrocyte aluminum levels correlated with plasma aluminum concentrations in normal controls and in patients undergoing dialysis (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001). In vitro studies showed that erythrocyte aluminum concentrations were not altered by contamination of blood samples, which is a common problem with plasma determinations. The need for anticoagulation and rapid processing were disadvantages of this assay. In the dialysis population studied, the correlative data between mean cell volume and both plasma and erythrocyte aluminum levels (r = -0.50, p less than 0.001; and r = -0.69, p less than 0.001) and lack of correlation with serum ferritin suggested that aluminum overload and not iron deficiency was the cause of microcytic anemia. Patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis had lower plasma and erythrocyte aluminum levels and absence of microcytic anemia compared with patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therapy with deferoxamine in 13 patients with aluminum-related microcytic anemia resulted in a decrease in erythrocyte and plasma aluminum content in all patients (265.5 +/- 69.2 micrograms/L to 22.6 +/- 9.7 micrograms/L and 196 +/- 30 micrograms/L to 129 +/- 13.8 micrograms/L). The relatively smaller decrease in plasma aluminum levels suggested mobilization of aluminum from tissues other than erythrocytes. Aluminum chelation most probably occurred from premature erythrocytes, because in vitro studies showed that deferoxamine was unable to chelate aluminum from mature erythrocytes. Hemoglobin level, hematocrit measurement, and mean cell volume showed significant improvement (p less than 0.001). Ten patients showed normalized mean cell volume after 6.2 +/- 2 months of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- K Abreo
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport
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Trapp G, Eckert ED, Vestergaard P, Sothern RB, Halberg F. Psychophysiologic circadian rhythmometry on manic-depressive twins. Chronobiologia 1979; 6:387-96. [PMID: 575773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmometry on emotionally disturbed identical twins is applied for study of possible emotional chronopathology. Several circadian rhythmic variables are apparently 24-h synchronized in both twins, during a study span associated with mania in one twin and apparently 'normal' behavior in the other. While the data span of 3 weeks does not allow validation of any desynchronization with a period quite near to 24 h in the case of a manic girl, it does not rule out the possibility of uncoupling of an adrenal cortical cycle, gauged by the circadian rhythm in urinary 17-ketosteroid excretion. The question whether circadian or other dyschronism was present, and, if so, represented a trivial corollary or, perhaps, a determinant of emotional pathology, remains unanswered. The methodology here illustrated and added tests of differences in rhythm characteristics are likely to provide answers to such questions when they are combined with therapeutic manipulations and the search for possible chronobiotic drugs.
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Beck EG, Manojlovic N, Trapp G. [The effects of particulate and gaseous air pollutants on cells cultivated in vitro (author's transl)]. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig B 1973; 158:125-42. [PMID: 4779170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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