1
|
Meng W, Kiesewetter G, Zhang S, Schöpp W, Rafaj P, Klimont Z, Tao S. Costs and Benefits of Household Fuel Policies and Alternative Strategies in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:21662-21672. [PMID: 38079372 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is still one of the most severe problems in northern China, especially in the Jing-Jin-Ji region around Beijing. In recent years, China has implemented many stringent policies to address the air quality issue, including promoting energy transition toward cleaner fuels in residential sectors. But until 2020, even in the Jing-Jin-Ji region, nearly half of the rural households still use solid fuels for heating. For residents who are not covered by the clean heating campaign, we analyze five potential mitigation strategies and evaluate their environmental effects as well as the associated health benefits and costs. We estimate that substitution with electricity or gas would reduce air pollution and premature mortality more strongly, while the relatively low investment costs of implementing clean coal or biomass pellet lead to a larger benefit-cost ratio, indicating higher cost efficiency. Hence, clean coal or biomass pellet could be transitional substitution options for the less developed or remote areas which cannot afford a total transition toward electricity or natural gas in the short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Meng
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rafaj
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Shu Tao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Romanello M, Napoli CD, Green C, Kennard H, Lampard P, Scamman D, Walawender M, Ali Z, Ameli N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Beggs PJ, Belesova K, Berrang Ford L, Bowen K, Cai W, Callaghan M, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, Cross TJ, van Daalen KR, Dalin C, Dasandi N, Dasgupta S, Davies M, Dominguez-Salas P, Dubrow R, Ebi KL, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Freyberg C, Gasparyan O, Gordon-Strachan G, Graham H, Gunther SH, Hamilton I, Hang Y, Hänninen R, Hartinger S, He K, Heidecke J, Hess JJ, Hsu SC, Jamart L, Jankin S, Jay O, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kinney P, Kniveton D, Kouznetsov R, Larosa F, Lee JKW, Lemke B, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lott M, Lotto Batista M, Lowe R, Odhiambo Sewe M, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McMichael C, Mi Z, Milner J, Minor K, Minx JC, Mohajeri N, Momen NC, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Munzert S, Murray KA, Neville T, Nilsson M, Obradovich N, O'Hare MB, Oliveira C, Oreszczyn T, Otto M, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pega F, Pershing A, Rabbaniha M, Rickman J, Robinson EJZ, Rocklöv J, Salas RN, Semenza JC, Sherman JD, Shumake-Guillemot J, Silbert G, Sofiev M, Springmann M, Stowell JD, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Thompson R, Tonne C, Treskova M, Trinanes JA, Wagner F, Warnecke L, Whitcombe H, Winning M, Wyns A, Yglesias-González M, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centred response in a world facing irreversible harms. Lancet 2023; 402:2346-2394. [PMID: 37977174 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Claudia di Napoli
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carole Green
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Harry Kennard
- Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pete Lampard
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel Scamman
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Walawender
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zakari Ali
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nadia Ameli
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul J Beggs
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Kathryn Bowen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Max Callaghan
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Chambers
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Troy J Cross
- Heat and Health Research Incubator, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Carole Dalin
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- International Development Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shouro Dasgupta
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change Foundation, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Dubrow
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew Eckelman
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Freyberg
- Department of Information Systems, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Olga Gasparyan
- Department of Political Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Samuel H Gunther
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yun Hang
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Stella Hartinger
- Carlos Vidal Layseca School of Public Health and Management, Cayetano Heredia Pervuvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Kehan He
- Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julian Heidecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeremy J Hess
- Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shih-Che Hsu
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louis Jamart
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Slava Jankin
- Centre for AI in Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ollie Jay
- Heat and Health Research Incubator, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dominic Kniveton
- School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton and Hove, UK
| | | | - Francesca Larosa
- Engineering Mechanics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason K W Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Lemke
- School of Health, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa Lott
- Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Rachel Lowe
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- Environmental Studies Program, Denison University, Granville, OH, USA
| | - Celia McMichael
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhifu Mi
- Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelton Minor
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan C Minx
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Mohajeri
- Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Natalie C Momen
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- Department of Technology Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Kris A Murray
- Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department for Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Megan B O'Hare
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Camile Oliveira
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Matthias Otto
- School of Health, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Center for Science and Technology Policy, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Frank Pega
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jamie Rickman
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Z Robinson
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renee N Salas
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jodi D Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Grant Silbert
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marco Springmann
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonathon Taylor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Treskova
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joaquin A Trinanes
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Fabian Wagner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Laura Warnecke
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Hannah Whitcombe
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Winning
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Arthur Wyns
- Melbourne Climate Futures, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marisol Yglesias-González
- Centro Latinoamericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climatico y Salud, Cayetano Heredia Pervuvian University, Lima, Peru
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Qiao Zhu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Department of Experimental and Translational Medicine and Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang S, Zhang C, Cai W, Bai Y, Callaghan M, Chang N, Chen B, Chen H, Cheng L, Dai H, Dai X, Fan W, Fang X, Gao T, Geng Y, Guan D, Hu Y, Hua J, Huang C, Huang H, Huang J, Huang X, Ji JS, Jiang Q, Jiang X, Kiesewetter G, Li T, Liang L, Lin B, Lin H, Liu H, Liu Q, Liu X, Liu Z, Liu Z, Liu Y, Lu B, Lu C, Luo Z, Ma W, Mi Z, Ren C, Romanello M, Shen J, Su J, Sun Y, Sun X, Tang X, Walawender M, Wang C, Wang Q, Wang R, Warnecke L, Wei W, Wen S, Xie Y, Xiong H, Xu B, Yan Y, Yang X, Yao F, Yu L, Yuan J, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhao M, Zheng D, Zhou H, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Luo Y, Gong P. The 2023 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: taking stock for a thriving future. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e978-e995. [PMID: 37989307 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Max Callaghan
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany; Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nan Chang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hancheng Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weicheng Fan
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Meteorological Impact and Risk Research Center, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Gao
- School of Management, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yang Geng
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Hua
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaolei Jiang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Jiang
- Office of the WHO Representative, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Borong Lin
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Airport Economics and Management, Beijing Institute of Economics and Management, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Lu
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifu Mi
- Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chao Ren
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlu Sun
- Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Centre of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria Walawender
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Laura Warnecke
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wangyu Wei
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanmei Wen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Artificial Intelligence Thrust Area and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghong Yao
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacan Yuan
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Centre of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zeng
- Schwarzman Scholars, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangchen Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dashan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute for Urban Governance and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Business Intelligence Lab, Baidu Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqiao Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Turner MC, Andersen ZJ, Neira M, Krzyzanowski M, Malmqvist E, González Ortiz A, Kiesewetter G, Katsouyanni K, Brunekreef B, Melén E, Ljungman P, Tolotto M, Forastiere F, Dendale P, Price R, Bakke O, Reichert S, Hoek G, Pershagen G, Peters A, Querol X, Gerometta A, Samoli E, Markevych I, Basthiste R, Khreis H, Pant P, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Sacks JD, Hansen K, Lymes T, Stauffer A, Fuller GW, Boogaard H, Hoffmann B. Clean air in Europe for all! Taking stock of the proposed revision to the ambient air quality directives: a joint ERS, HEI and ISEE workshop report. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2301380. [PMID: 37827574 PMCID: PMC10894647 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01380-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is a major public health concern and comprehensive new legislation is currently being considered to improve air quality in Europe. The European Respiratory Society (ERS), Health Effects Institute (HEI), and International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) organised a joint meeting on May 24, 2023 in Brussels, Belgium, to review and critically evaluate the latest evidence on the health effects of air pollution and discuss ongoing revisions of the European Ambient Air Quality Directives (AAQDs). A multi-disciplinary expert group of air pollution and health researchers, patient and medical societies, and policy representatives participated. This report summarises key discussions at the meeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Turner
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Maria Neira
- World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Erik Melén
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Paul Dendale
- European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Richard Price
- European Cancer Organisation (ECO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ole Bakke
- Standing Committee of European Doctors (CPME), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sibylle Reichert
- International Association of Mutual Benefit Societies (AIM), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gerard Hoek
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz München - German Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Querol
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Evangelia Samoli
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Iana Markevych
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment, SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Haneen Khreis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason D Sacks
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kjeld Hansen
- European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK
- Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Gary W Fuller
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ru M, Shindell D, Spadaro JV, Lamarque JF, Challapalli A, Wagner F, Kiesewetter G. New concentration-response functions for seven morbidity endpoints associated with short-term PM 2.5 exposure and their implications for health impact assessment. Environ Int 2023; 179:108122. [PMID: 37659174 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity burdens from ambient air pollution are associated with market and non-market costs and are therefore important for policymaking. The estimation of morbidity burdens is based on concentration-response functions (CRFs). Most existing CRFs for short-term exposures to PM2.5 assume a fixed risk estimate as a log-linear function over an extrapolated exposure range, based on evidence primarily from Europe and North America. OBJECTIVES We revisit these CRFs by performing a systematic review for seven morbidity endpoints previously assessed by the World Health Organization, including data from all available regions. These endpoints include all cardiovascular hospital admission, all respiratory hospital admission, asthma hospital admission and emergency room visit, along with the outcomes that stem from morbidity, such as lost work days, respiratory restricted activity days, and child bronchitis symptom days. METHODS We estimate CRFs for each endpoint, using both a log-linear model and a nonlinear model that includes additional parameters to better fit evidence from high-exposure regions. We quantify uncertainties associated with these CRFs through randomization and Monte Carlo simulations. RESULTS The CRFs in this study show reduced model uncertainty compared with previous CRFs in all endpoints. The nonlinear CRFs produce more than doubled global estimates on average, depending on the endpoint. Overall, we assess that our CRFs can be used to provide policy analysis of air pollution impacts at the global scale. It is however important to note that improvement of CRFs requires observations over a wide range of conditions, and current available literature is still limited. DISCUSSION The higher estimates produced by the nonlinear CRFs indicates the possibility of a large underestimation in current assessments of the morbidity impacts attributable to air pollution. Further studies should be pursued to better constrain the CRFs studied here, and to better characterize the causal relationship between exposures to PM2.5 and morbidity outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muye Ru
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Now at The Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Drew Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Joseph V Spadaro
- Spadaro Environmental Research Consultants, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Fabian Wagner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mohajeri N, Hsu SC, Milner J, Taylor J, Kiesewetter G, Gudmundsson A, Kennard H, Hamilton I, Davies M. Urban-rural disparity in global estimation of PM 2·5 household air pollution and its attributable health burden. Lancet Planet Health 2023; 7:e660-e672. [PMID: 37558347 PMCID: PMC10958988 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(23)00133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polluting fuels and inefficient stove technologies are still a leading cause of premature deaths worldwide, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Previous studies of global household air pollution (HAP) have neither considered the estimation of PM2·5 at national level nor the corresponding attributable mortality burden. Additionally, the effects of climate and ambient air pollution on the global estimation of HAP-PM2·5 exposure for different urban and rural settings remain largely unknown. In this study, we include climatic effects to estimate the HAP-PM2·5 exposure from different fuel types and stove technologies in rural and urban settings separately and the related attributable global mortality burden. METHODS Bayesian hierarchical models were developed to estimate an annual average HAP-PM2·5 personal exposure and HAP-PM2·5 indoor concentration (including both outdoor and indoor sources). Model variables were selected from sample data in 282 peer-reviewed studies drawn and updated from the WHO Global HAP dataset. The PM2·5 exposure coefficients from the developed model were applied to the external datasets to predict the HAP-PM2·5 exposure globally (personal exposure in 62 countries and indoor concentration in 69 countries). Attributable mortality rate was estimated using a comparative risk assessment approach. Using weighted averages, the national level 24 h average HAP-PM2·5 exposure due to polluting and clean fuels and related death rate per 100 000 population were estimated. FINDINGS In 2020, household use of polluting solid fuels for cooking and heating led to a national-level average personal exposure of 151 μg/m3 (95% CI 133-169), with rural households having an average of 171 μg/m3 (153-189) and urban households an average of 92 μg/m3 (77-106). Use of clean fuels gave rise to a national-level average personal exposure of 69 μg/m3 (62-76), with a rural average of 76 μg/m3 (69-83) and an urban average of 49 μg/m3 (46-53). Personal exposure-attributable premature mortality (per 100 000 population) from the use of polluting solid fuels at national level was on average 78 (95% CI 69-87), with a rural average of 82 (73-90) and an urban average of 66 (57-75). The average attributable premature mortality (per 100 000 population) from the use of clean fuels at the national level is 62 (54-70), with a rural average of 66 (58-74) and an urban average of 52 (47-57). The estimated HAP-PM2·5 indoor concentration shows that the use of polluting solid fuels resulted in a national-level average of 412 μg/m3 (95% CI 353-471), with a rural average of 514 μg/m3 (446-582) and an urban average of 149 μg/m3 (126-173). The use of clean fuels (gas and electricity) led to an average PM2·5 indoor concentration of 135 μg/m3 (117-153), with a rural average of 174 μg/m3 (154-195) and an urban average of 71 μg/m3 (63-80). Using time-weighted HAP-PM2·5 indoor concentrations, the attributable premature death rate (per 100 000 population) from the use of polluting solid fuels at the national level is on average 78 (95% CI 72-84), the rural average being 84 (78-91) and the urban average 60 (54-66). From the use of clean fuels, the average attributable premature death rate (per 100 000 population) at the national level is 59 (53-64), the rural average being 68 (62-74) and the urban average 45 (41-50). INTERPRETATION A shift from polluting to clean fuels can reduce the average PM2·5 personal exposure by 53% and thereby lower the death rate. For all fuel types, the estimated average HAP-PM2·5 personal exposure and indoor concentrations exceed the WHO's Interim Target-1 average annual threshold. Policy interventions are urgently needed to greatly increase the use of clean fuels and stove technologies by 2030 to achieve the goal of affordable clean energy access, as set by the UN in 2015, and address health inequities in urban-rural settings. FUNDING Wellcome Trust, The Lancet Countdown, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and the Natural Environment Research Council.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Mohajeri
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Shih-Che Hsu
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jonathon Taylor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Agust Gudmundsson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Harry Kennard
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK; Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Davies
- Institute of Environmental Design and Engineering, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cai W, Zhang C, Zhang S, Bai Y, Callaghan M, Chang N, Chen B, Chen H, Cheng L, Cui X, Dai H, Danna B, Dong W, Fan W, Fang X, Gao T, Geng Y, Guan D, Hu Y, Hua J, Huang C, Huang H, Huang J, Jiang L, Jiang Q, Jiang X, Jin H, Kiesewetter G, Liang L, Lin B, Lin H, Liu H, Liu Q, Liu T, Liu X, Liu X, Liu Z, Liu Z, Lou S, Lu C, Luo Z, Meng W, Miao H, Ren C, Romanello M, Schöpp W, Su J, Tang X, Wang C, Wang Q, Warnecke L, Wen S, Winiwarter W, Xie Y, Xu B, Yan Y, Yang X, Yao F, Yu L, Yuan J, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Zheng D, Zhou H, Zhou J, Fung MFCC, Luo Y, Gong P. The 2022 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: leveraging climate actions for healthy ageing. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e1073-e1090. [PMID: 36354045 PMCID: PMC9617661 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Max Callaghan
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany; Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nan Chang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Cui
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hancheng Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bawuerjiang Danna
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weicheng Fan
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Research Center of Practical Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Gao
- School of Business, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Geng
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyi Hua
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlang Jiang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiaolei Jiang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Hu Jin
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Centre of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Lu Liang
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Borong Lin
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Airport Economics and Management, Beijing Institute of Economics and Management, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Lou
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Meng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Miao
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jing Su
- School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Centre of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laura Warnecke
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Sanmei Wen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghong Yao
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacan Yuan
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Centre of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zeng
- Schwarzman Scholars, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangchen Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria; Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dashan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute for Urban Governance and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Business Intelligence Lab, Baidu Research, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yong Luo
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Romanello M, Di Napoli C, Drummond P, Green C, Kennard H, Lampard P, Scamman D, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Ford LB, Belesova K, Bowen K, Cai W, Callaghan M, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, van Daalen KR, Dalin C, Dasandi N, Dasgupta S, Davies M, Dominguez-Salas P, Dubrow R, Ebi KL, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar LE, Georgeson L, Graham H, Gunther SH, Hamilton I, Hang Y, Hänninen R, Hartinger S, He K, Hess JJ, Hsu SC, Jankin S, Jamart L, Jay O, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kinney P, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lee JKW, Lemke B, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lott M, Batista ML, Lowe R, MacGuire F, Sewe MO, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McGushin A, McMichael C, Mi Z, Milner J, Minor K, Minx JC, Mohajeri N, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Munzert S, Murray KA, Neville T, Nilsson M, Obradovich N, O'Hare MB, Oreszczyn T, Otto M, Owfi F, Pearman O, Rabbaniha M, Robinson EJZ, Rocklöv J, Salas RN, Semenza JC, Sherman JD, Shi L, Shumake-Guillemot J, Silbert G, Sofiev M, Springmann M, Stowell J, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Triñanes J, Wagner F, Wilkinson P, Winning M, Yglesias-González M, Zhang S, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The 2022 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: health at the mercy of fossil fuels. Lancet 2022; 400:1619-1654. [PMID: 36306815 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Claudia Di Napoli
- School of Agriculture Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carole Green
- Department of Global Health, Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Harry Kennard
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pete Lampard
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Daniel Scamman
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
- Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Bowen
- School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Max Callaghan
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Chambers
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim R van Daalen
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carole Dalin
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shouro Dasgupta
- Economic Analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy Division, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Venice, Italy
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Dubrow
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Eckelman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Samuel H Gunther
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yun Hang
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Stella Hartinger
- Facultad de Salud Publica y Administracion, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kehan He
- Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy J Hess
- Department of Global Health, Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shih-Che Hsu
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Slava Jankin
- Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ollie Jay
- Heat and Health Research Incubator, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environmental International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Jason K W Lee
- NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Lemke
- School of Health, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa Lott
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Martin Lotto Batista
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies and Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frances MacGuire
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maquins Odhiambo Sewe
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- Center for Energy Markets, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alice McGushin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Celia McMichael
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhifu Mi
- Barlett School of Sustainable Construction, University of London, London, UK
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environment, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelton Minor
- Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan C Minx
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nahid Mohajeri
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventative Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics Sustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Kris A Murray
- MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Environment, Climate Change, and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nick Obradovich
- Centre for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Megan B O'Hare
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tadj Oreszczyn
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Otto
- Department of Arts, Media, and Digital Technologies, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Cooperative Institute of Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth J Z Robinson
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Heidelberg Institute for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Centre forScientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renee N Salas
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Heidelberg Institute for Global Health and Interdisciplinary Centre forScientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jodi D Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Grant Silbert
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marco Springmann
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer Stowell
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonathon Taylor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joaquin Triñanes
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Fabian Wagner
- Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environment, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Winning
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marisol Yglesias-González
- Centro Latinoamericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climático y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van Daalen KR, Romanello M, Rocklöv J, Semenza JC, Tonne C, Markandya A, Dasandi N, Jankin S, Achebak H, Ballester J, Bechara H, Callaghan MW, Chambers J, Dasgupta S, Drummond P, Farooq Z, Gasparyan O, Gonzalez-Reviriego N, Hamilton I, Hänninen R, Kazmierczak A, Kendrovski V, Kennard H, Kiesewetter G, Lloyd SJ, Lotto Batista M, Martinez-Urtaza J, Milà C, Minx JC, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Palamarchuk J, Quijal-Zamorano M, Robinson EJZ, Scamman D, Schmoll O, Sewe MO, Sjödin H, Sofiev M, Solaraju-Murali B, Springmann M, Triñanes J, Anto JM, Nilsson M, Lowe R. The 2022 Europe report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: towards a climate resilient future. Lancet Public Health 2022; 7:e942-e965. [PMID: 36306805 PMCID: PMC9597587 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim R van Daalen
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Slava Jankin
- Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hicham Achebak
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Ballester
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Max W Callaghan
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Chambers
- Energy Efficiency Group, Institute for Environmental Sciences (ISE), University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shouro Dasgupta
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), Venice, Italy; Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE), UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zia Farooq
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ian Hamilton
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Risto Hänninen
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Vladimir Kendrovski
- European Centre for Environment and Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany
| | - Harry Kennard
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Simon J Lloyd
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin Lotto Batista
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Department of Epidemiology, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Milà
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jan C Minx
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Quijal-Zamorano
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth J Z Robinson
- Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, London School of Economics and Political Sciences (LSE), UK
| | - Daniel Scamman
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Schmoll
- European Centre for Environment and Health, WHO Regional Office for Europe, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Henrik Sjödin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikhail Sofiev
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joaquin Triñanes
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | - Josep M Anto
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shu Y, Hu J, Zhang S, Schöpp W, Tang W, Du J, Cofala J, Kiesewetter G, Sander R, Winiwarter W, Klimont Z, Borken-Kleefeld J, Amann M, Li H, He Y, Zhao J, Xie D. Analysis of the air pollution reduction and climate change mitigation effects of the Three-Year Action Plan for Blue Skies on the "2+26" Cities in China. J Environ Manage 2022; 317:115455. [PMID: 35751259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
City clusters play an important role in air pollutant and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction in China, primarily due to their high fossil energy consumption levels. The "2 + 26" Cities, i.e., Beijing, Tianjin and 26 other perfectures in northern China, has experienced serious air pollution in recent years. We employ the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies model adapted to the "2 + 26" Cities (GAINS-JJJ) to evaluate the impacts of structural adjustments in four major sectors, industry, energy, transport and land use, under the Three-Year Action Plan for Blue Skies (Three-Year Action Plan) on the emissions of both the major air pollutants and CO2 in the "2 + 26" Cities. The results indicate that the Three-Year Action Plan applied in the "2 + 26" Cities reduces the total emissions of primary fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), SO2, NOx, NH3 and CO2 by 17%, 25%, 21%, 3% and 1%, respectively, from 2017 to 2020. The emission reduction potentials vary widely across the 28 prefectures, which may be attributed to the differences in energy structure, industrial composition, and policy enforcement rate. Among the four sectors, adjustment of industrial structure attains the highest co-benefits of CO2 reduction and air pollution control due to its high CO2 reduction potential, while structural adjustments in energy and transport attain much lower co-benefits, despite their relatively high air pollutant emissions reductions, primarily resulting from an increase in the coal-electric load and associated carbon emissions caused by electric reform policies..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Jingnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Janusz Cofala
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Robert Sander
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria; Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, 65-417, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jens Borken-Kleefeld
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Markus Amann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Schlossplatz 1, A-2361, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Haisheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
| | - Youjiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Deyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Davies M, Belesova K, Crane M, Hale J, Haines A, Hutchinson E, Kiesewetter G, Mberu B, Mohajeri N, Michie S, Milner J, Moore G, Osrin D, Pineo H, Pluchinotta I, Prasad A, Salvia G, Symonds P, Taylor J, Turcu C, Tsoulou I, Zimmermann N, Wilkinson P. The CUSSH programme: supporting cities' transformational change towards health and sustainability. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:100. [PMID: 35028422 PMCID: PMC8686329 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16678.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a global research programme on the complex systemic connections between urban development and health. Through transdisciplinary methods the
Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health (CUSSH) project will develop critical evidence on how to achieve the far-reaching transformation of cities needed to address vital environmental imperatives for planetary health in the 21st Century. CUSSH’s core components include: (i) a review of evidence on the effects of climate actions (both mitigation and adaptation) and factors influencing their implementation in urban settings; (ii) the development and application of methods for tracking the progress of cities towards sustainability and health goals; (iii) the development and application of models to assess the impact on population health, health inequalities, socio-economic development and environmental parameters of urban development strategies, in order to support policy decisions; (iv) iterative in-depth engagements with stakeholders in partner cities in low-, middle- and high-income settings, using systems-based participatory methods, to test and support the implementation of the transformative changes needed to meet local and global health and sustainability objectives; (v) a programme of public engagement and capacity building. Through these steps, the programme will provide transferable evidence on how to accelerate actions essential to achieving population-level health and global climate goals through, amongst others, changing cities’ energy provision, transport infrastructure, green infrastructure, air quality, waste management and housing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davies
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | | | - Melanie Crane
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Joanna Hale
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andy Haines
- Dept of Public Health, Environments and Society, Dept of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Hutchinson
- Dept of Public Health, Environments and Society, Dept of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Air Quality & Greenhouse Gases (AIR), Luxemburg, Austria
| | - Blessing Mberu
- African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nahid Mohajeri
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Milner
- Dept of Public Health, Environments and Society, Dept of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gemma Moore
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - David Osrin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Helen Pineo
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Irene Pluchinotta
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Aarathi Prasad
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Salvia
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Phil Symonds
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | | | - Catalina Turcu
- Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ioanna Tsoulou
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Nici Zimmermann
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Dept of Public Health, Environments and Society, Dept of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gómez-Sanabria A, Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z, Schoepp W, Haberl H. Potential for future reductions of global GHG and air pollutants from circular waste management systems. Nat Commun 2022; 13:106. [PMID: 35013164 PMCID: PMC8748894 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly rising generation of municipal solid waste jeopardizes the environment and contributes to climate heating. Based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, we here develop a global systematic approach for evaluating the potentials to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from the implementation of circular municipal waste management systems. We contrast two sets of global scenarios until 2050, namely baseline and mitigation scenarios, and show that mitigation strategies in the sustainability-oriented scenario yields earlier, and major, co-benefits compared to scenarios in which inequalities are reduced but that are focused solely on technical solutions. The sustainability-oriented scenario leaves 386 Tg CO2eq/yr of GHG (CH4 and CO2) to be released while air pollutants from open burning can be eliminated, indicating that this source of ambient air pollution can be entirely eradicated before 2050.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Gómez-Sanabria
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria.
- Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schoepp
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Helmut Haberl
- Institute of Social Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Romanello M, McGushin A, Di Napoli C, Drummond P, Hughes N, Jamart L, Kennard H, Lampard P, Solano Rodriguez B, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J, Chu L, Ciampi L, Dalin C, Dasandi N, Dasgupta S, Davies M, Dominguez-Salas P, Dubrow R, Ebi KL, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar LE, Georgeson L, Grace D, Graham H, Gunther SH, Hartinger S, He K, Heaviside C, Hess J, Hsu SC, Jankin S, Jimenez MP, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kinney PL, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lee JKW, Lemke B, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lott M, Lowe R, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McMichael C, Mi Z, Milner J, Minor K, Mohajeri N, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Munzert S, Murray KA, Neville T, Nilsson M, Obradovich N, Sewe MO, Oreszczyn T, Otto M, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Salas RN, Semenza JC, Sherman J, Shi L, Springmann M, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Trinanes J, Shumake-Guillemot J, Vu B, Wagner F, Wilkinson P, Winning M, Yglesias M, Zhang S, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A, Hamilton I. The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future. Lancet 2021; 398:1619-1662. [PMID: 34687662 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice McGushin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Di Napoli
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Hughes
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louis Jamart
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Kennard
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pete Lampard
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
- Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stuart Capstick
- Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jonathan Chambers
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lingzhi Chu
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luisa Ciampi
- The Walker Institute, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Carole Dalin
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shouro Dasgupta
- Economic analysis of Climate Impacts and Policy, Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Venice, Italy
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Robert Dubrow
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Eckelman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Delia Grace
- Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Samuel H Gunther
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stella Hartinger
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kehan He
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Clare Heaviside
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jeremy Hess
- Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shih-Che Hsu
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Slava Jankin
- Data Science Lab, Hertie School, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcia P Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Jason K W Lee
- Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Lemke
- School of Health, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa Lott
- Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- Center for Energy Markets, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Celia McMichael
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhifu Mi
- The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelton Minor
- Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nahid Mohajeri
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kris A Murray
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK; MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Environment, Climate Change and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nick Obradovich
- Centre for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maquins Odhiambo Sewe
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tadj Oreszczyn
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthias Otto
- Department of Arts, Media & Digital Technologies, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Cooperative Institute of Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David Pencheon
- College of Medicine and Health, Exeter University, Exeter, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Section of Sustainable Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Renee N Salas
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jodi Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonathon Taylor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joaquin Trinanes
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | | | - Bryan Vu
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabian Wagner
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Winning
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marisol Yglesias
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dianati K, Schäfer L, Milner J, Gómez-Sanabria A, Gitau H, Hale J, Langmaack H, Kiesewetter G, Muindi K, Mberu B, Zimmermann N, Michie S, Wilkinson P, Davies M. A system dynamics-based scenario analysis of residential solid waste management in Kisumu, Kenya. Sci Total Environ 2021; 777:146200. [PMCID: PMC8155395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The problem of solid waste management presents an issue of increasing importance in many low-income settings, including the progressively urbanised context of Kenya. Kisumu County is one such setting with an estimated 500 t of waste generated per day and with less than half of it regularly collected. The open burning and natural decay of solid waste is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and atmospheric pollutants with adverse health consequences. In this paper, we use system dynamics modelling to investigate the expected impact on GHG and PM2.5 emissions of (i) a waste-to-biogas initiative and (ii) a regulatory ban on the open burning of waste in landfill. We use life tables to estimate the impact on mortality of the reduction in PM2.5 exposure. Our results indicate that combining these two interventions can generate over 1.1 million tonnes of cumulative savings in GHG emissions by 2035, of which the largest contribution (42%) results from the biogas produced replacing unclean fuels in household cooking. Combining the two interventions is expected to reduce PM2.5 emissions from the waste and residential sectors by over 30% compared to our baseline scenario by 2035, resulting in at least around 1150 cumulative life years saved over 2021–2035. The contribution and novelty of this study lies in the quantification of a potential waste-to-biogas scenario and its environmental and health impact in Kisumu for the first time. We present a system dynamics study of solid waste management in Kisumu, Kenya. Scenarios involve a waste-to-biogas initiative and a ban on open burning in landfill. Combined scenario generates 1.1m tonnes cumulative GHG savings by 2035. Largest contribution (42%) is from biogas substituting traditional cooking fuels. Combined scenario may save 1,150 cumulative life years by 2035, plus ~220 more p.a.
Collapse
Key Words
- ad, anaerobic digestion
- bc, black carbon
- co, carbon monoxide
- cop, conference of the parties
- doc, degradable organic carbon
- eu, european union
- gbd, global burden of disease
- ghg, greenhouse gas
- gwp, global warming potential
- hdi, human development index
- ics, improved cookstove
- ihd, ischaemic heart disease
- ipcc, intergovernmental panel on climate change
- kiswamp, kisumu integrated solid waste management plan
- knbs, kenyan national bureau of statistics
- lca, life cycle assessment
- lpg, liquefied petroleum gas
- lri, lower respiratory infections
- mj, megajoule
- msw, municipal solid waste
- mswm, municipal solid waste management
- mw, megawatt
- pm, particulate matter
- sd, system dynamics
- sdg, sustainable development goals
- ssa, sub-saharan africa
- swm, solid waste management
- who, world health organization
- wte, waste-to-energy
- municipal solid waste management
- system dynamics
- greenhouse gas emissions
- ghg accounting
- health impact assessment
- kisumu
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Dianati
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), Bartlett, UCL, UK
| | | | - J. Milner
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UK
| | - A. Gómez-Sanabria
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
| | - H. Gitau
- African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC), Kenya
| | - J. Hale
- UCL Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), UK
| | | | - G. Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
| | - K. Muindi
- African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC), Kenya
| | - B. Mberu
- African Population and Health Research Centre (APHRC), Kenya
| | - N. Zimmermann
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), Bartlett, UCL, UK
| | - S. Michie
- UCL Centre for Behaviour Change (CBC), UK
| | - P. Wilkinson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), UK
| | - M. Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering (IEDE), Bartlett, UCL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kiesewetter G, Amann M, Milner J, Liu Z, Romanello M. Countdown on health and climate change: too important for methodological errors - Authors' reply. Lancet 2021; 398:26. [PMID: 34217396 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London W1T 4TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Davies M, Belesova K, Crane M, Hale J, Haines A, Hutchinson E, Kiesewetter G, Mberu B, Mohajeri N, Michie S, Milner J, Moore G, Osrin D, Pineo H, Pluchinotta I, Prasad A, Salvia G, Symonds P, Taylor J, Turcu C, Tsoulou I, Zimmermann N, Wilkinson P. The CUSSH programme: learning how to support cities’ transformational change towards health and sustainability. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:100. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16678.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Complex Urban Systems for Sustainability and Health (CUSSH) project is a global research programme on the complex systemic connections between urban development and health. Through transdisciplinary methods it will develop critical evidence on how to achieve the far-reaching transformation of cities needed to address vital environmental imperatives for planetary health in the 21st century. CUSSH’s core components include: (i) a review of evidence on the effects of climate actions (both mitigation and adaptation) and factors influencing their implementation in urban settings; (ii) the development and application of methods for tracking the progress of cities towards sustainability and health goals; (iii) the development and application of models to assess the impact on population health, health inequalities, socio-economic development and environmental parameters of urban development strategies, in order to support policy decisions; (iv) iterative in-depth engagements with stakeholders in partner cities in low-, middle- and high-income settings, using systems-based participatory methods, to test and support the implementation of the transformative changes needed to meet local and global health and sustainability objectives; (v) a programme of public engagement and capacity building. Through these steps, the programme will provide transferable evidence on how to accelerate actions essential to achieving population-level health and global climate goals through, amongst others, changing cities’ energy provision, transport infrastructure, green infrastructure, air quality, waste management and housing.
Collapse
|
17
|
Hamilton I, Kennard H, McGushin A, Höglund-Isaksson L, Kiesewetter G, Lott M, Milner J, Purohit P, Rafaj P, Sharma R, Springmann M, Woodcock J, Watts N. The public health implications of the Paris Agreement: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e74-e83. [PMID: 33581069 PMCID: PMC7887663 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND nationally determined contributions (NDCs) serve to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement of staying "well below 2°C", which could also yield substantial health co-benefits in the process. However, existing NDC commitments are inadequate to achieve this goal. Placing health as a key focus of the NDCs could present an opportunity to increase ambition and realise health co-benefits. We modelled scenarios to analyse the health co-benefits of NDCs for the year 2040 for nine representative countries (ie, Brazil, China, Germany, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, South Africa, the UK, and the USA) that were selected for their contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and their global or regional influence. METHODS Modelling the energy, food and agriculture, and transport sectors, and mortality related to risk factors of air pollution, diet, and physical activity, we analysed the health co-benefits of existing NDCs and related policies (ie, the current pathways scenario) for 2040 in nine countries around the world. We compared these health co-benefits with two alternative scenarios, one consistent with the goal of the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (ie, the sustainable pathways scenario), and one in line with the sustainable pathways scenario, but also placing health as a central focus of the policies (ie, the health in all climate policies scenario). FINDINGS Compared with the current pathways scenario, the sustainable pathways scenario resulted in an annual reduction of 1·18 million air pollution-related deaths, 5·86 million diet-related deaths, and 1·15 million deaths due to physical inactivity, across the nine countries, by 2040. Adopting the more ambitious health in all climate policies scenario would result in a further reduction of 462 000 annual deaths attributable to air pollution, 572 000 annual deaths attributable to diet, and 943 000 annual deaths attributable to physical inactivity. These benefits were attributable to the mitigation of direct greenhouse gas emissions and the commensurate actions that reduce exposure to harmful pollutants, as well as improved diets and safe physical activity. INTERPRETATION A greater consideration of health in the NDCs and climate change mitigation policies has the potential to yield considerable health benefits as well as achieve the "well below 2°C" commitment across a range of regional and economic contexts. FUNDING This work was in part funded through an unrestricted grant from the Wellcome Trust (award number 209734/Z/17/Z) and supported by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council grant (grant number EP/R035288/1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Harry Kennard
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice McGushin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lena Höglund-Isaksson
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Melissa Lott
- Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Milner
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Pallav Purohit
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rafaj
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marco Springmann
- Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food, Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre on Population Approaches for Non-Communicable Disease Prevention, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Woodcock
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Beagley J, Belesova K, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J, Coleman S, Dalin C, Daly M, Dasandi N, Dasgupta S, Davies M, Di Napoli C, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Dubrow R, Ebi KL, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar LE, Georgeson L, Golder S, Grace D, Graham H, Haggar P, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Hsu SC, Hughes N, Jankin Mikhaylov S, Jimenez MP, Kelman I, Kennard H, Kiesewetter G, Kinney PL, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lampard P, Lemke B, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lott M, Lowe R, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McGushin A, McMichael C, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Munzert S, Murray KA, Neville T, Nilsson M, Sewe MO, Oreszczyn T, Otto M, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Quinn R, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Romanello M, Semenza JC, Sherman J, Shi L, Springmann M, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Triñanes J, Shumake-Guillemot J, Vu B, Wilkinson P, Winning M, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises. Lancet 2021; 397:129-170. [PMID: 33278353 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 670] [Impact Index Per Article: 223.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For the Chinese, French, German, and Spanish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
- Institute for Environment and Human Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jessica Beagley
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan Chambers
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Coleman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carole Dalin
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meaghan Daly
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shouro Dasgupta
- Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Venice, Italy
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Di Napoli
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Yale Center on Climate Change and Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Eckelman
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Su Golder
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Delia Grace
- CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Human Nutrition and Health, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Paul Haggar
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Hartinger
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jeremy Hess
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shih-Che Hsu
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nick Hughes
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Marcia P Jimenez
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Harry Kennard
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Pete Lampard
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Bruno Lemke
- School of Health, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa Lott
- Center on Global Energy Policy, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- Center for Energy Markets, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alice McGushin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Celia McMichael
- School of Geography, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Kris A Murray
- Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Bakau, The Gambia
| | - Tara Neville
- Environment, Climate Change and Health Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Matthias Otto
- Department of Arts, Media and Digital Technologies, Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - David Pencheon
- Medical and Health School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ruth Quinn
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Scientific Assessment Section, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jodi Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liuhua Shi
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Jonathon Taylor
- Department of Civil Engineering, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Joaquin Triñanes
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, CRETUS Institute, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain
| | | | - Bryan Vu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Matthew Winning
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Office of the Vice Provost for Research, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cai W, Zhang C, Suen HP, Ai S, Bai Y, Bao J, Chen B, Cheng L, Cui X, Dai H, Di Q, Dong W, Dou D, Fan W, Fan X, Gao T, Geng Y, Guan D, Guo Y, Hu Y, Hua J, Huang C, Huang H, Huang J, Jiang T, Jiao K, Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z, Lampard P, Li C, Li Q, Li R, Li T, Lin B, Lin H, Liu H, Liu Q, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Liu Z, Liu Z, Lou S, Lu C, Luo Y, Ma W, McGushin A, Niu Y, Ren C, Ren Z, Ruan Z, Schöpp W, Su J, Tu Y, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Watts N, Xiao C, Xie Y, Xiong H, Xu M, Xu B, Xu L, Yang J, Yang L, Yu L, Yue Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao M, Zhao Z, Zhou J, Gong P. The 2020 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change. Lancet Public Health 2021; 6:e64-e81. [PMID: 33278345 PMCID: PMC7966675 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(20)30256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Population Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hoi Ping Suen
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Ai
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Junzhe Bao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Cui
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hancheng Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Di
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxuan Dong
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Weicheng Fan
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Gao
- School of Business, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Geng
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; The Bartlett School of Construction and Project Management, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yafei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junyi Hua
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kedi Jiao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Pete Lampard
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Chuanxi Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiwei Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Borong Lin
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yufu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhan Lou
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Shandong University Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Alice McGushin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yanlin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhehao Ren
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengliang Ruan
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jing Su
- School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- People's Bank of China School of Finance, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Research Center for Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Congxi Xiao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Rutgers Business School, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Mingfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianping Yang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Jiyao Zhao
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Amann M, Kiesewetter G, Schöpp W, Klimont Z, Winiwarter W, Cofala J, Rafaj P, Höglund-Isaksson L, Gomez-Sabriana A, Heyes C, Purohit P, Borken-Kleefeld J, Wagner F, Sander R, Fagerli H, Nyiri A, Cozzi L, Pavarini C. Reducing global air pollution: the scope for further policy interventions. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2020; 378:20190331. [PMID: 32981437 PMCID: PMC7536039 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, energy and pollution control policies combined with structural changes in the economy decoupled emission trends from economic growth, increasingly also in the developing world. It is found that effective implementation of the presently decided national pollution control regulations should allow further economic growth without major deterioration of ambient air quality, but will not be enough to reduce pollution levels in many world regions. A combination of ambitious policies focusing on pollution controls, energy and climate, agricultural production systems and addressing human consumption habits could drastically improve air quality throughout the world. By 2040, mean population exposure to PM2.5 from anthropogenic sources could be reduced by about 75% relative to 2015 and brought well below the WHO guideline in large areas of the world. While the implementation of the proposed technical measures is likely to be technically feasible in the future, the transformative changes of current practices will require strong political will, supported by a full appreciation of the multiple benefits. Improved air quality would avoid a large share of the current 3-9 million cases of premature deaths annually. At the same time, the measures that deliver clean air would also significantly reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and contribute to multiple UN sustainable development goals. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Air quality, past present and future'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Amann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- e-mail:
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wilfried Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Janusz Cofala
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rafaj
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Lena Höglund-Isaksson
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Chris Heyes
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Pallav Purohit
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jens Borken-Kleefeld
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Fabian Wagner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Robert Sander
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, IIASA, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Hilde Fagerli
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no), Oslo, Norway
| | - Agnes Nyiri
- Norwegian Meteorological Institute (met.no), Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura Cozzi
- International Energy Agency (IEA), Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Purohit P, Amann M, Kiesewetter G, Rafaj P, Chaturvedi V, Dholakia HH, Koti PN, Klimont Z, Borken-Kleefeld J, Gomez-Sanabria A, Schöpp W, Sander R. Mitigation pathways towards national ambient air quality standards in India. Environ Int 2019; 133:105147. [PMID: 31518932 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter is a leading risk factor for environmental public health in India. While Indian authorities implemented several measures to reduce emissions from the power, industry and transportation sectors over the last years, such strategies appear to be insufficient to reduce the ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration below the Indian National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 40 μg/m3 across the country. This study explores pathways towards achieving the NAAQS in India in the context of the dynamics of social and economic development. In addition, to inform action at the subnational levels in India, we estimate the exposure to ambient air pollution in the current legislations and alternative policy scenarios based on simulations with the GAINS integrated assessment model. The analysis reveals that in many of the Indian States emission sources that are outside of their immediate jurisdictions make the dominating contributions to (population-weighted) ambient pollution levels of PM2.5. Consequently, most of the States cannot achieve significant improvements in their air quality and population exposure on their own without emission reductions in the surrounding regions, and any cost-effective strategy requires regionally coordinated approaches. Advanced technical emission control measures could provide NAAQS-compliant air quality for 60% of the Indian population. However, if combined with national sustainable development strategies, an additional 25% population will be provided with clean air, which appears to be a significant co-benefit on air quality (totaling 85%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallav Purohit
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria.
| | - Markus Amann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rafaj
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Hem H Dholakia
- Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Jens Borken-Kleefeld
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Robert Sander
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J, Dalin C, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Drummond P, Dubrow R, Ebi KL, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar LE, Fernandez Montoya L, Georgeson L, Graham H, Haggar P, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lemke B, Liu Y, Lott M, Lowe R, Sewe MO, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McGushin A, Jankin Mikhaylov S, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Munzert S, Nilsson M, Neville T, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Phung D, Pye S, Quinn R, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Semenza JC, Sherman J, Shumake-Guillemot J, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Trinanes J, Wilkinson P, Costello A, Gong P, Montgomery H. The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. Lancet 2019; 394:1836-1878. [PMID: 31733928 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 548] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Environmental Studies, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Jonathan Chambers
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Dalin
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meaghan Daly
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Dubrow
- Yale Climate Change and Health Initiative, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew Eckelman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul Haggar
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Hartinger
- The Integrated Development, Health and Environment Unit, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Jeremy Hess
- Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruno Lemke
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Yang Liu
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa Lott
- Center on Global Energy Policy School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- History and Society Division, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Alice McGushin
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Maria Nilsson
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Public Health and the Environment, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Dung Phung
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Steve Pye
- Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Quinn
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jan C Semenza
- Scientific Assessment Section, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jodi Sherman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jonathon Taylor
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Trinanes
- Physical Oceanography Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Office of the Vice Provost for Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Institute for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li N, Chen W, Rafaj P, Kiesewetter G, Schöpp W, Wang H, Zhang H, Krey V, Riahi K. Air Quality Improvement Co-benefits of Low-Carbon Pathways toward Well Below the 2 °C Climate Target in China. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:5576-5584. [PMID: 31070360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This research links the Integrated MARKAL-EFOM system model of China (China TIMES) and the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies model (GAINS) to assess the co-benefits of air quality improvement under the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) and the well below 2 °C (WBD2) target. Results show that the industry sector and power sector are the key sources necessary to reduce air pollutant emissions, mainly due to the phasing out of fossil fuels. The electrification in the building sector will be another main source by which to decrease PM2.5 emissions. The adoption of various low-carbon constraints and further air pollutant control strategies will significantly alleviate the current air pollution problems in China by reducing the concentration and scope of the air pollutants and reducing the corresponding number of premature deaths. A stricter air pollutant control strategy will lead to increases in air pollutant control costs; however, the low-carbon targets will help reduce these costs in the long run. Compared to the current national policy, within the same air pollutant control strategy, the reduction of air pollutant control cost can cover the incremental CO2 mitigation cost under the NDC target, while this cannot be realized under the WBD2 target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Energy Science Building , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Wenying Chen
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Energy Science Building , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | | | | | | | - Huan Wang
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Energy Science Building , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Hongjun Zhang
- Institute of Energy, Environment and Economy, Energy Science Building , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu J, Kiesewetter G, Klimont Z, Cofala J, Heyes C, Schöpp W, Zhu T, Cao G, Gomez Sanabria A, Sander R, Guo F, Zhang Q, Nguyen B, Bertok I, Rafaj P, Amann M. Mitigation pathways of air pollution from residential emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China. Environ Int 2019; 125:236-244. [PMID: 30731373 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most harmful consequences of China's rapid economic development and urbanization. Particularly in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) regions, particulate matter concentrations have consistently exceeded the national air quality standards. Over the last years, China implemented ambitious measures to reduce emissions from the power, industry and transportation sectors, with notable success during the 11th and 12th Five Year Plan (FYP) periods. However, such strategies appear to be insufficient to reduce the ambient PM2.5 concentration below the National Air Quality Standard of 35 μg m-3 across the BTH region within the next 15 years. We find that a comprehensive mitigation strategy for the residential sector in the BTH region would deliver substantial air quality benefits. Beyond the already planned expansion of district heating and natural gas distribution in urban centers and the foreseen curtailment of coal use for households, such a strategy would redirect some natural gas from power generation units towards the residential sector. Rural households would replace biomass for cooking by liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity, and substitute coal for heating by briquettes. Jointly, these measures could reduce the primary PM2.5 and SO2 emissions by 28% and 11%, respectively, and the population-weighted PM2.5 concentrations by 13%, i.e., from 68 μg m-3 to 59 μg m-3. We estimate that such a strategy would reduce premature deaths attributable to ambient and indoor air pollution by almost one third.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Zbigniew Klimont
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Janusz Cofala
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Chris Heyes
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöpp
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tong Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guiying Cao
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Adriana Gomez Sanabria
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Robert Sander
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Fei Guo
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Binh Nguyen
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Imrich Bertok
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Peter Rafaj
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Markus Amann
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Berry H, Bouley T, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Depoux A, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Ebi KL, Ekins P, Montoya LF, Fischer H, Georgeson L, Grace D, Graham H, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lemke B, Liang L, Lott M, Lowe R, Sewe MO, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, Mikhaylov SJ, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Nilsson M, Neville T, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Pye S, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Saxer O, Schütte S, Semenza JC, Shumake-Guillemot J, Steinbach R, Tabatabaei M, Tomei J, Trinanes J, Wheeler N, Wilkinson P, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come. Lancet 2018; 392:2479-2514. [PMID: 30503045 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32594-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Berry
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy Bouley
- Health and Climate Change Unit, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Meaghan Daly
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government and Society, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anneliese Depoux
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Helen Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Hess
- Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruno Lemke
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Lu Liang
- University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Lott
- Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maquins Odhiambo Sewe
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- History and Society Division, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial college London, London, UK
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Public Health and the Environment, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tadj Oreszczyn
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Centre for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Steve Pye
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olivia Saxer
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Schütte
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Jan C Semenza
- European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Rebecca Steinbach
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia Tomei
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Trinanes
- Physical Oceanography Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicola Wheeler
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Office of the Vice-Provost (Research), University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Berry H, Bouley T, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Depoux A, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Ebi KL, Ekins P, Montoya LF, Fischer H, Georgeson L, Grace D, Graham H, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lemke B, Liang L, Lott M, Lowe R, Sewe MO, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, Mikhaylov SJ, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Nilsson M, Neville T, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Pye S, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Saxer O, Schütte S, Semenza JC, Shumake-Guillemot J, Steinbach R, Tabatabaei M, Tomei J, Trinanes J, Wheeler N, Wilkinson P, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The 2018 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come. Lancet 2018; 392:2479-2514. [PMID: 30503045 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Nigel Arnell
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | | | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Berry
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Timothy Bouley
- Health and Climate Change Unit, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Meaghan Daly
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- School of Government and Society, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anneliese Depoux
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kristie L Ebi
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul Ekins
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Helen Fischer
- Department of Psychology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Delia Grace
- International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Hess
- Centre for Health and the Global Environment, University of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ilan Kelman
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Programme, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tord Kjellstrom
- Health and Environment International Trust, Nelson, New Zealand
| | | | - Bruno Lemke
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Lu Liang
- University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Melissa Lott
- Asia Pacific Energy Research Centre, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rachel Lowe
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maquins Odhiambo Sewe
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucy McAllister
- History and Society Division, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - James Milner
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for the Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial college London, London, UK
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Public Health and the Environment, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tadj Oreszczyn
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Olivia Pearman
- Centre for Science and Technology Policy Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Steve Pye
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Epidemiology and Global Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olivia Saxer
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Stefanie Schütte
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Sorbonne, Paris, France
| | - Jan C Semenza
- European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Solna, Sweden
| | | | - Rebecca Steinbach
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organisation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Julia Tomei
- Institute for Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joaquin Trinanes
- Physical Oceanography Division, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicola Wheeler
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Public Health, Environments, and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Office of the Vice-Provost (Research), University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Watts N, Amann M, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Belesova K, Bouley T, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Chambers J, Cox PM, Daly M, Dasandi N, Davies M, Depledge M, Depoux A, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Ekins P, Flahault A, Frumkin H, Georgeson L, Ghanei M, Grace D, Graham H, Grojsman R, Haines A, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Johnson A, Kelman I, Kiesewetter G, Kniveton D, Liang L, Lott M, Lowe R, Mace G, Odhiambo Sewe M, Maslin M, Mikhaylov S, Milner J, Latifi AM, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Murray K, Neville T, Nilsson M, Oreszczyn T, Owfi F, Pencheon D, Pye S, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Schütte S, Shumake-Guillemot J, Steinbach R, Tabatabaei M, Wheeler N, Wilkinson P, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health. Lancet 2018; 391:581-630. [PMID: 29096948 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(17)32464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Watts
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Markus Amann
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program and Greenhouse Gas Initiative, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson
- Environmental Migration, Social Vulnerability and daptation section (EMSVA), Institute for Environment and Security, United Nations University, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Timothy Bouley
- Climate Change Department, World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Maxwell Boykoff
- Center for Science and Technology Policy, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter Byass
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wenjia Cai
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Diarmid Campbell-Lendrum
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter M Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Meaghan Daly
- Center for Science and Technology Policy, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Niheer Dasandi
- International Development Department, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michael Davies
- UCL Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Anneliese Depoux
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Paula Dominguez-Salas
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Paul Drummond
- UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Ekins
- UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Antoine Flahault
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Howard Frumkin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delia Grace
- Food Safety and Zoonoses Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Hilary Graham
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | - Rébecca Grojsman
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Andy Haines
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ian Hamilton
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Hartinger
- Unidad de Desarrollo Integral, Ambiente y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Anne Johnson
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ilan Kelman
- UCL Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Air Quality and Greenhouse Gases Program and Greenhouse Gas Initiative, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lu Liang
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR, USA
| | - Melissa Lott
- UCL Institute of Sustainable Resources, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert Lowe
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Mace
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maquins Odhiambo Sewe
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mark Maslin
- Department of Geography, University College London, London, UK
| | - Slava Mikhaylov
- Institute for Analytics and Data Science, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - James Milner
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Ali Mohammad Latifi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Karyn Morrissey
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- Grantham Institute-Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tara Neville
- Department of Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Nilsson
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tadj Oreszczyn
- Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fereidoon Owfi
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Steve Pye
- UCL Energy Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mahnaz Rabbaniha
- Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, AREEO, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elizabeth Robinson
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joacim Rocklöv
- Epidemiology & Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Schütte
- Centre Virchow-Villermé for Public Health Paris-Berlin, Paris, France
| | - Joy Shumake-Guillemot
- WHO/WMO Joint Climate and Health Office, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Steinbach
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Biofuel Research Team, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, AREEO, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nicola Wheeler
- Institute of Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Wilkinson
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peng Gong
- Centre for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony Costello
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao ZQ, Bai ZH, Winiwarter W, Kiesewetter G, Heyes C, Ma L. Mitigating ammonia emission from agriculture reduces PM 2.5 pollution in the Hai River Basin in China. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:1152-1160. [PMID: 28787789 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Hai River Basin (HRB), one of the most populated areas in China, is experiencing high NH3 emissions, mostly from agricultural sources, and suffering from strongly enhanced PM2.5 concentrations in all urban areas. Further population growth and urbanization projected until 2030 may exacerbate this situation. Here, the NUFER (NUtrient flows in Food chains, Environment and Resources use) and GAINS (Greenhouse gas - Air pollution Interactions and Synergies) models have been coupled for the first time to understand possible changes of agricultural NH3 emission between 2012 and 2030 and their impacts on ambient PM2.5 concentrations, and to explore options to improve this situation. Results show that agricultural ammonia emissions in the HRB were 1179kt NH3 in 2012, 45% of which was from the hotspots at or near conurbation areas, including Beijing-Tianjin, Tangshan-Qinhuangdao, Shijiazhuang-Baoding, Dezhou, Handan-Liaocheng, and Xinxiang. Without intervention, agricultural ammonia emissions will further increase by 33% by 2030. The impacts of several scenarios were tested with respect to air pollution. Compared to the business-as-usual scenario, a scenario of improved technology and management combined with human diet optimization could greatly reduce emission (by 60%), and lead to 22-43% and 9-24% decrease of the secondary inorganic aerosols and PM2.5 concentrations, respectively, in the hotspots of NH3 emissions. Our results further confirmed that ammonia control is needed for air pollution abatement strategies (SO2, NOx and primary PM reduction) to be effective in terms of PM2.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Q Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Z H Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - W Winiwarter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - G Kiesewetter
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - C Heyes
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - L Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Glauche F, Glazyrina J, Cruz Bournazou MN, Kiesewetter G, Cuda F, Goelling D, Raab A, Lang C, Neubauer P. Detection of growth rate-dependent product formation in miniaturized parallel fed-batch cultivations. Eng Life Sci 2017; 17:1215-1220. [PMID: 32624749 PMCID: PMC6999230 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a popular expression system for recombinant proteins. In most cases, production processes are performed as carbon-limited fed-batch cultures to avoid aerobic ethanol formation. Especially for constitutive expression systems, the specific product formation rate depends on the specific growth rate. The development of optimal feeding strategies strongly depends on laboratory-scale cultivations, which are time and resource consuming, especially when continuous experiments are carried out. It is therefore beneficial for accelerated process development to look at alternatives. In this study, S. cerevisiae AH22 secreting a heterologous endo-polygalacturonase (EPG) was characterized in microwell plates with an enzyme-based fed-batch medium. Through variation of the glucose release rate, different growth profiles were established and the impact on EPG secretion was analyzed. Product formation rates of 200-400 U (gx h)-1 were determined. As a reference, bioreactor experiments using the change-stat cultivation technique were performed. The growth-dependent product formation was analyzed over dilution rates of D = 0.01-0.35 with smooth change of D at a rate of 0.003 h-2. EPG production was found to be comparable with a qp of 400 U (gx h)-1 at D = 0.27 h-1. The presented results indicate that parallel miniaturized fed-batch cultures can be applied to determine product formation profiles of putative production strains. With further automation and parallelization of the concept, strain characterization can be performed in shorter time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Glauche
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Julia Glazyrina
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Fabian Cuda
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess EngineeringTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Glauche F, Knepper A, Heiser M, Theuer L, Wollny F, Bigesse S, Neubauer A, Arain S, John GT, Aschoff J, Stehlik B, Schmidt I, King R, Violet N, Goelling D, Raab A, Kiesewetter G, Nolte R, Neubauer P. Automated development of recombinant bioprocesses–from vision to mission. N Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2014.05.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
31
|
Kiesewetter G, Sinnhuber BM, Vountas M, Weber M, Burrows JP. A long-term stratospheric ozone data set from assimilation of satellite observations: High-latitude ozone anomalies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
32
|
|