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Bianchi L, Mooney R, Cornejo YR, Schena E, Berlin JM, Aboody KS, Saccomandi P. Thermal analysis of laser irradiation-gold nanorod combinations at 808 nm, 940 nm, 975 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths in breast cancer model. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 38:1099-1110. [PMID: 34315306 PMCID: PMC8352379 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2021.1956601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photothermal therapy is currently under the spotlight to improve the efficacy of minimally invasive thermal treatment of solid tumors. The interplay of several factors including the radiation wavelengths and the nanoparticle characteristics underlie the thermal outcome. However, a quantitative thermal analysis in in vivo models embedding nanoparticles and under different near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is missing. Purpose We evaluate the thermal effects induced by different combinations of NIR laser wavelengths and gold nanorods (GNRs) in breast cancer tumor models in mice. Materials and methods Four laser wavelengths within the therapeutic window, i.e., 808, 940, 975, and 1064 nm were employed, and corresponding GNRs were intratumorally injected. The tissue thermal response was evaluated in terms of temperature profile and time constants, considering the step response of a first-order system as a model. Results The 808 nm and 1064 nm lasers experienced the highest temperature enhancements (>24%) in presence of GNRs compared to controls; conversely, 975 nm and 940 nm lasers showed high temperatures in controls due to significant tissue absorption and the lowest temperature difference with and without GNRs (temperature enhancement <10%). The presence of GNRs resulted in small time constants, thus quicker laser-induced thermal response (from 67 s to 33 s at 808 nm). Conclusions The thermal responses of different GNR-laser wavelength combinations quantitatively validate the widespread usage of 808 nm laser for nanoparticle-assisted photothermal procedures. Moreover, our results provide insights on other usable wavelengths, toward the identification of an effective photothermal treatment strategy for the removal of focal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bianchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rachael Mooney
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne R Cornejo
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Emiliano Schena
- School of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
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2
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Kang Y, Flores L, Ngai HW, Cornejo YR, Haber T, McDonald M, Moreira DF, Gonzaga JM, Abidi W, Zhang Y, Hammad M, Kortylewski M, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Large, Anionic Liposomes Enable Targeted Intraperitoneal Delivery of a TLR 7/8 Agonist To Repolarize Ovarian Tumors' Microenvironment. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1581-1592. [PMID: 34289694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States. Current standard of treatment includes surgical debulking and chemotherapy, such as cisplatin and paclitaxel. However, the patients' response rate for chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is not optimal, and they often develop chemoresistance and suffer from side effects. Current clinical trials make extensive use of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) as a novel cancer immunotherapeutic strategy against ovarian tumors. However, the response rates for ICB antibodies remain limited to 10-20% of treated ovarian cancer patients despite the success of this approach in melanoma, renal, head and neck, and nonsmall cell lung cancers. This lack of efficacy is often attributed to the "cold" immune status of ovarian tumors, as these tumors often have a low number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) but a high number of suppressive immune cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Repolarizing TAMs could be a promising strategy to reshape the tumor immune microenvironment and promote antitumor activity when combined with ICBs. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonists, such as imiquimod and resiquimod, are potent immunostimulatory molecules with potential to repolarize macrophages. However, these small molecules have poor pharmacokinetic profiles and can induce severe side effects when administered systemically. Previously, our group demonstrated that various large, anionic nanomaterials (silica, PLGA, and polystyrene) specifically target TAMs when administered intraperitoneally (IP) to ovarian tumor-bearing mice. In the present study, we demonstrate that large, anionic liposomes administered IP also efficiently localize to TAMs and can be used to target the delivery of resiquimod. Resiquimod delivered in this targeted fashion promoted activation of M1 macrophages and T cell infiltration, while reducing the percentage of Tregs in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, liposome-formulated resiquimod significantly enhanced the efficacy of PD1 blockade against syngeneic ovarian tumors. We anticipate that further optimization of our liposomal delivery strategy can generate a clinically relevant strategy for more effective and safer immunotherapy for ovarian cancer patients.
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3
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer survival and the recurrence rate are drastically affected by the amount of tumor that can be surgically removed prior to chemotherapy. Surgeons are currently limited to visual inspection, making smaller tumors difficult to be removed surgically. Enhancing the surgeon's ability to selectively remove cancerous tissue would have a positive effect on a patient's prognosis. One approach to aid in surgical tumor removal involves using targeted fluorescent probes to selectively label cancerous tissue. To date, there has been a trade-off in balancing two requirements for the surgeon: the ability to see maximal tumors and the ability to identify these tumors by eye while performing the surgery. The ability to see maximal tumors has been prioritized and this has led to the use of fluorophores activated by near-infrared (NIR) light as NIR penetrates most deeply in this surgical setting, but the light emitted by traditional NIR fluorophores is invisible to the naked eye. This has necessitated the use of specialty detectors and monitors that the surgeon must consult while performing the surgery. In this study, we develop nanoparticles that selectively label ovarian tumors and are activated by NIR light but emit visible light. This potentially allows for maximal tumor observation and real-time detection by eye during surgery. We designed two generations of up-converting nanoparticles that emit green light when illuminated with NIR light. These particles specifically label ovarian tumors most likely via tumor-associated macrophages, which are prominent in the tumor microenvironment. Our results demonstrate that this approach is a viable means of visualizing tumors during surgery without the need for complicated, expensive, and bulky detection equipment. Continued improvement and experimentation could expand our approach into a much needed surgical technique to aid ovarian tumor removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B. Marotta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
- Corresponding Author: Christopher B Marotta -Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States, ()
| | - Tom Haber
- Department of Molecular Medicine at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Robert H. Grubbs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California, 91125, United States
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4
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Pai A, Cao P, White EE, Hong B, Pailevanian T, Wang M, Badie B, Hajimiri A, Berlin JM. Dynamically Programmable Magnetic Fields for Controlled Movement of Cells Loaded with Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:4139-4147. [PMID: 35025416 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies are becoming increasingly prominent in numerous medical contexts, particularly in regenerative medicine and the treatment of cancer. However, since the efficacy of the therapy is largely dependent on the concentration of therapeutic cells at the treatment area, a major challenge associated with cell-based therapies is the ability to move and localize therapeutic cells within the body. In this article, a technique based on dynamically programmable magnetic fields is successfully demonstrated to noninvasively aggregate therapeutic cells at a desired location. Various types of therapeutically relevant cells (neural stem cells, monocytes/macrophages, and chimeric antigen receptor T cells) are loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles and then focused at a particular site using externally controlled electromagnets. These experimental results serve as a readily scalable prototype for designing an apparatus that patients can wear to focus therapeutic cells at the anatomical sites needed for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Pengpeng Cao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, California, United States
| | - Ethan E White
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, California, United States.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte 91010, California, United States
| | - Brian Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Torkom Pailevanian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Michelle Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Behnam Badie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, California, United States
| | - Ali Hajimiri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, California, United States
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte 91010, California, United States.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte 91010, California, United States
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5
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Griffin DM, Bitner BR, Criss Ii Z, Marcano D, Berlin JM, Kent TA, Tour JM, Samson SL, Pautler RG. Use of a bioengineered antioxidant in mouse models of metabolic syndrome. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2020; 29:209-219. [PMID: 31937152 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1716216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, antioxidants such as vitamin E have had limited success in the clinic. This prompts the question of what effects amore potent antioxidant might produce. A prime candidate is the recently developed bioengineered antioxidant, poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalizedhydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), which are capable of neutralizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical at106/molecule of PEG-HCC. In this project, we tested the potential of PEG-HCCs as a possible therapeutic for MetS.Results: PEG-HCC treatment lessened lipid peroxidation, aspartate aminotransferase levels, non-fastingblood glucose levels, and JNK phosphorylation inob/ob mice. PEG-HCC-treated WT mice had an increased response to insulin by insulin tolerance tests and adecrease in blood glucose by glucose tolerance tests. These effects were not observed in HFD-fed mice, regardless of treatment. PEG-HCCs were observed in the interstitial space of liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. No significant difference was shown in gluconeogenesis or inflammatory gene expression between treatment and dietary groups.Expert Opinion: PEG-HCCs improved some parameters of disease possibly due to a resulting increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate how PEG-HCCsare producing these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deric M Griffin
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brittany R Bitner
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zachary Criss Ii
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniela Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute for and Nanocarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute for and Nanocarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Kent
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Smalley-Curl Institute for and Nanocarbon Center, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan L Samson
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robia G Pautler
- Interdepartmental Program in Translation Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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6
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Zhang Y, Abidi W, Berlin JM. Colloidal Capsules Assembled from Gold Nanoparticles Using Small-Molecule Hydrophobic Cross-linkers. Langmuir 2019; 35:17037-17045. [PMID: 31804093 PMCID: PMC8837261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal capsules (or colloidosomes) have been studied for various applications such as therapeutic agent encapsulation, photothermal therapy, imaging, and energy storage. Emulsion-based synthesis is the most common approach for preparing colloidal capsules as it is relatively straightforward and scalable. However, while the initial formation requires only introducing the colloidal subunits into an emulsion and letting them assemble at the interface, a second step is required in order to prepare stable, covalently linked colloidal capsules, and preparing submicron colloidal capsules is quite challenging. Here, we describe a simple and quick one-step method to synthesize covalently linked, stable nanoscale colloidal capsules consisting of gold nanoparticles (NPs) (AuNP) and thiol-containing cross-linkers. Gold nanoparticle capsules (AuNCs) were formed by coating emulsion droplets containing thiol-containing cross-linkers with citrate-stabilized AuNPs. The physicochemical properties of the colloidal capsules can be tailored by changing the building blocks. In order to demonstrate this, colloidal capsules were assembled from AuNPs ranging from 5 to 20 nm in size. The use of the larger 20 nm starting particles resulted in AuNCs with a sufficiently pronounced red shift for λmax to be suitable for biological photothermal applications, where use of a near-infrared laser is strongly preferred. The AuNCs were found to be biocompatible and stable in cell culture conditions and to provide moderate heating. This demonstrates the modularity of the synthesis and the potential advantages of a one-step synthesis to prepare nanoscale gold colloidal capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Wafa Abidi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute , City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte , California 91010 , United States
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7
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Tiet P, Li J, Abidi W, Mooney R, Flores L, Aramburo S, Batalla-Covello J, Gonzaga J, Tsaturyan L, Kang Y, Cornejo YR, Dellinger T, Han E, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Silica Coated Paclitaxel Nanocrystals Enable Neural Stem Cell Loading For Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1415-1424. [PMID: 30835443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is commonly diagnosed only after it has metastasized to the abdominal cavity (stage III). While the current standard of care of intraperitoneal (IP) administration of cisplatin and paclitaxel (PTX) combination chemotherapy has benefit, patient 5-year survival rates are low and have not significantly improved in the past decade. The ability to target chemotherapy selectively to ovarian tumors while sparing normal tissue would improve efficacy and decrease toxicities. We have previously shown that cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) loaded within neural stem cells (NSCs) are selectively delivered to ovarian tumors in the abdominal cavity following IP injection, with no evidence of localization to normal tissue. Here we extended the capabilities of this system to also include PTX delivery. NPs that will be loaded into NSCs must contain a high amount of drug by weight but constrain the release of the drug such that the NSCs are viable after loading and can successfully migrate to tumors. We developed silica coated PTX nanocrystals (Si[PTX-NC]) meeting these requirements. Si[PTX-NC] were more effective than uncoated PTX-NC or Abraxane for loading NSCs with PTX. NSCs loaded with Si[PTX-NC] maintained their migratory ability and, for low dose PTX, were more effective than free PTX-NC or Si[PTX-NC] at killing ovarian tumors in vivo. This work demonstrates that NSC/NP delivery is a platform technology amenable to delivering different therapeutics and enables the pursuit of NSC/NP targeted delivery of the entire preferred chemotherapy regimen for ovarian cancer. It also describes efficient silica coating chemistry for PTX nanocrystals that may have applications beyond our focus on NSC transport.
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8
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Steinman NY, Haim‐Zada M, Goldstein IA, Goldberg AH, Haber T, Berlin JM, Domb AJ. Effect of PLGA block molecular weight on gelling temperature of PLGA‐PEG‐PLGA thermoresponsive copolymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noam Y. Steinman
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy‐Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91120 Israel
| | - Moran Haim‐Zada
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy‐Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91120 Israel
| | - Isaac A. Goldstein
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy‐Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91120 Israel
| | - Ayelet H. Goldberg
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy‐Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91120 Israel
| | - Tom Haber
- Department of Molecular MedicineCity of Hope Beckman Research Institute 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte California 91010
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Molecular MedicineCity of Hope Beckman Research Institute 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte California 91010
| | - Abraham J. Domb
- Institute of Drug Research, School of Pharmacy‐Faculty of MedicineThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem 91120 Israel
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9
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Alizadeh D, White EE, Sanchez TC, Liu S, Zhang L, Badie B, Berlin JM. Immunostimulatory CpG on Carbon Nanotubes Selectively Inhibits Migration of Brain Tumor Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2018. [PMID: 29526082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Even when treated with aggressive current therapies, patients with glioblastoma usually survive less than two years and exhibit a high rate of recurrence. CpG is an oligonucleotide that activates the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation. Injection of CpG into glioblastoma tumors showed promise as an immunotherapy in mouse models but proved disappointing in human trials. One aspect of glioma that is not addressed by CpG therapy alone is the highly invasive nature of glioma cells, which is associated with resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that single-walled carbon nanotubes noncovalently functionalized with CpG (SWNT/CpG), which retain the immunostimulatory property of the CpG, selectively inhibit the migration of glioma cells and not macrophages without affecting cell viability or proliferation. SWNT/CpG also selectively decreased NF-κB activation in glioma cells, while activating macrophages by induction of the TLR9/NF-κB pathway, as we have previously reported. The migration inhibition of glioma cells was correlated with selective reduction of intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suggesting that an antioxidant-based mechanism mediates the observed effects. To the best of our knowledge, SWNT/CpG is the first nanomaterial that inhibits the migration of cancer cells while stimulating the immune system.
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10
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Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev AS, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM. Correction to Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide. ACS Nano 2018; 12:2078. [PMID: 29328621 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
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11
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Abstract
Elucidation of mechanisms of uptake of nanoparticles by cells and methods to prevent this uptake is essential for many applications of nanoparticles. Most recent studies have focused on the role of proteins that coat nanoparticles and have employed PEGylation, particularly dense coatings of PEG, to reduce protein opsonization and cell uptake. Here we show that small molecule coatings on metallic nanoparticles can markedly reduce cell uptake for very sparsely PEGylated nanoparticles. Similar results were obtained in media with and without proteins, suggesting that protein opsonization is not the primary driver of this phenomenon. The reduction in cell uptake is proportional to the degree of surface coverage by the small molecules. Probing cell uptake pathways using inhibitors suggested that the primary role of increased surface coverage is to reduce nanoparticles' interactions with the scavenger receptors. This work highlights an under-investigated mechanism of cell uptake that may have played a role in many other studies and also suggests that a wide variety of molecules can be used alongside PEGylation to stably passivate nanoparticle surfaces for low cell uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Corresponding Author: Jacob M. Berlin, Ph.D, Associate Professor, Division of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, Phone [626/256-4673]
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12
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Abstract
Synthesis of spherical, biocompatible nanoparticle aggregates using a small molecular cross-linker is a simple and flexible approach for the controlled assembly of gold nanoparticles. This strategy can be extended to a variety of cross-linkers, making it possible to the test the effect of cross-linker properties on aggregate formation and physicochemical properties. Here, we synthesized aggregates using a series of structurally homologous cross-linkers with differing valencies. These aggregates have the same size, morphology, surface charge, surface coating, and stability in salt, media, and low pH conditions, but they differ in their stability to cyanide etching and uptake by cells. This highlights the fine-tuning of nanoparticle aggregate properties that can be achieved by using small-molecule cross-linkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice T Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center , Duarte, California 91010, United States
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13
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Ruan H, Haber T, Liu Y, Brake J, Kim J, Berlin JM, Yang C. Focusing light inside scattering media with magnetic-particle-guided wavefront shaping. Optica 2017; 4:1337-1343. [PMID: 29623290 PMCID: PMC5881932 DOI: 10.1364/optica.4.001337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical scattering has traditionally limited the ability to focus light inside scattering media such as biological tissue. Recently developed wavefront shaping techniques promise to overcome this limit by tailoring an optical wavefront to constructively interfere at a target location deep inside scattering media. To find such a wavefront solution, a "guide-star" mechanism is required to identify the target location. However, developing guidestars of practical usefulness is challenging, especially in biological tissue, which hinders the translation of wavefront shaping techniques. Here, we demonstrate a guidestar mechanism that relies on magnetic modulation of small particles. This guidestar method features an optical modulation efficiency of 29% and enables micrometer-scale focusing inside biological tissue with a peak intensity-to-background ratio (PBR) of 140; both numbers are one order of magnitude higher than those achieved with the ultrasound guidestar, a popular guidestar method. We also demonstrate that light can be focused on cells labeled with magnetic particles, and to different target locations by magnetically controlling the position of a particle. Since magnetic fields have a large penetration depth even through bone structures like the skull, this optical focusing method holds great promise for deep-tissue applications such as optogenetic modulation of neurons, targeted light-based therapy, and imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Ruan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Tom Haber
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Joshua Brake
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA
| | - Changhuei Yang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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14
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Tiet P, Berlin JM. Exploiting homing abilities of cell carriers: Targeted delivery of nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 145:18-26. [PMID: 28941937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Off target toxicities is one of the hallmarks of conventional chemotherapy as only a tiny percentage of the injected dose actually reaches the tumor(s). Numerous strategies have been employed in attempts to achieve targeted therapeutic delivery to tumors. One strategy that has received immense attention has been the packaging of these chemotherapeutics into nanoparticles and relying on the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect for targeting. However, few, if any, nanoformulations have been used clinically that actually show enhanced drug delivery to tumors. There are a number of biological barriers to successful targeted delivery and nanoparticles large enough to theoretically benefit from the EPR effect predominantly accumulate in the liver and spleen after systemic administration. Nanoparticles that do reach the tumor will experience challenges such as difficulty penetrating deeply into tumors and rapid uptake by macrophages rather than tumor cells. In order to overcome this, researchers are investigating a new drug delivery system by utilizing T-cells, macrophages, or stem cells (Mesenchymal/Neural Stem Cells) and loading them with therapeutic nanoparticles for targeted delivery due to either their organotropic or tumor tropic migratory capabilities. By exploiting the migration and motility of these particular cells, researchers have delivered drug-loaded nanoparticles as well as nanoparticles for use in thermal ablation and magnetic field treatments, with the goals of decreasing off-target toxicities and increasing intratumoral distribution of the therapeutic payload. This is an inherently complex drug delivery system that requires optimization of multiple parameters - including cell type, payload, cell loading, release rate from nanoparticle and more - for success. Here we review recent advances and upcoming challenges for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Tiet
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 11500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 11500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, United States.
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15
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Cao P, Mooney R, Tirughana R, Abidi W, Aramburo S, Flores L, Gilchrist M, Nwokafor U, Haber T, Tiet P, Annala AJ, Han E, Dellinger T, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Intraperitoneal Administration of Neural Stem Cell-Nanoparticle Conjugates Targets Chemotherapy to Ovarian Tumors. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1767-1776. [PMID: 28453256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is particularly aggressive once it has metastasized to the abdominal cavity (stage III). Intraperitoneal (IP) as compared to intravenous (IV) administration of chemotherapy improves survival for stage III ovarian cancer, demonstrating that concentrating chemotherapy at tumor sites has therapeutic benefit; unfortunately, IP therapy also increases toxic side effects, thus preventing its completion in many patients. The ability to target chemotherapy selectively to ovarian tumors while sparing normal tissue would improve efficacy and decrease toxicities. We have previously shown that tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) dramatically improve the intratumoral distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) when given intracerebrally near an orthotopic brain tumor or into a flank xenograft tumor. Here, we show that NPs either conjugated to the surface of NSCs or loaded within the cells are selectively delivered to and distributed within ovarian tumors in the abdominal cavity following IP injection, with no evidence of localization to normal tissue. IP administration is significantly more effective than IV administration, and NPs carried by NSCs show substantially deeper penetration into tumors than free NPs. The NSCs and NPs target and localize to ovarian tumors within 1 h of administration. Pt-loaded silica NPs (SiNP[Pt]) were developed that can be transported in NSCs, and it was found that the NSC delivery of SiNP[Pt] (NSC-SiNP[Pt]) results in higher levels of Pt in tumors as compared to free drug or SiNP[Pt]. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first demonstration that cells given IP can target the delivery of drug-loaded NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernest Han
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Thanh Dellinger
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope , 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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16
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen C. Clark
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - James O. McNamara
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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17
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Mooney R, Schena E, Saccomandi P, Zhumkhawala A, Aboody K, Berlin JM. Gold nanorod-mediated near-infrared laser ablation: in vivo experiments on mice and theoretical analysis at different settings. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 33:150-159. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2016.1230682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Department of Engineering, Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Saccomandi
- France Institute of Image-Guided Surgery (IHU), Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Ali Zhumkhawala
- Department of Urology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Karen Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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18
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Ouyang M, White EE, Ren H, Guo Q, Zhang I, Gao H, Yanyan S, Chen X, Weng Y, Da Fonseca A, Shah S, Manuel ER, Zhang L, Vonderfecht SL, Alizadeh D, Berlin JM, Badie B. Metronomic Doses of Temozolomide Enhance the Efficacy of Carbon Nanotube CpG Immunotherapy in an Invasive Glioma Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148139. [PMID: 26829221 PMCID: PMC4734656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Even when treated with aggressive current therapies, most patients with glioblastoma survive less than two years. Rapid tumor growth, an invasive nature, and the blood-brain barrier, which limits the penetration of large molecules into the brain, all contribute to the poor tumor response associated with conventional therapies. Immunotherapy has emerged as a therapeutic approach that may overcome these challenges. We recently reported that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be used to dramatically increase the immunotherapeutic efficacy of CpG oligonucleotides in a mouse model of glioma. Following implantation in the mouse brain, the tumor cell line used in these previous studies (GL261) tends to form a spherical tumor with limited invasion into healthy brain. In order to evaluate SWCNT/CpG therapy under more clinically-relevant conditions, here we report the treatment of a more invasive mouse glioma model (K-Luc) that better recapitulates human disease. In addition, a CpG sequence previously tested in humans was used to formulate the SWCNT/CpG which was combined with temozolomide, the standard of care chemotherapy for glioblastoma patients. We found that, following two intracranial administrations, SWCNT/CpG is well-tolerated and improves the survival of mice bearing invasive gliomas. Interestingly, the efficacy of SWCNT/CpG was enhanced when combined with temozolomide. This enhanced anti-tumor efficacy was correlated to an increase of tumor-specific cytotoxic activity in splenocytes. These results reinforce the emerging understanding that immunotherapy can be enhanced by combining it with chemotherapy and support the continued development of SWCNT/CpG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ethan E. White
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences at City of Hope, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Qin Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Ian Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, No.1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Song Yanyan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, China Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Weng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Anna Da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sunny Shah
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Edwin R. Manuel
- Division of Translational Vaccine Research, Department of Virology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Leying Zhang
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Steven L. Vonderfecht
- Division of Comparative Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Darya Alizadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences at City of Hope, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BB); (JB)
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutics & Tumor Immunology City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, 91010, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BB); (JB)
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19
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You R, Lu W, Shan M, Berlin JM, Samuel EL, Marcano DC, Sun Z, Sikkema WK, Yuan X, Song L, Hendrix AY, Tour JM, Corry DB, Kheradmand F. Nanoparticulate carbon black in cigarette smoke induces DNA cleavage and Th17-mediated emphysema. eLife 2015; 4:e09623. [PMID: 26437452 PMCID: PMC4612775 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is the major cause of sterile inflammation and pulmonary emphysema. The effect of carbon black (CB), a universal constituent of smoke derived from the incomplete combustion of organic material, in smokers and non-smokers is less known. In this study, we show that insoluble nanoparticulate carbon black (nCB) accumulates in human myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) from emphysematous lung and in CD11c+ lung antigen presenting cells (APC) of mice exposed to smoke. Likewise, nCB intranasal administration induced emphysema in mouse lungs. Delivered by smoking or intranasally, nCB persisted indefinitely in mouse lung, activated lung APCs, and promoted T helper 17 cell differentiation through double-stranded DNA break (DSB) and ASC-mediated inflammasome assembly in phagocytes. Increasing the polarity or size of CB mitigated many adverse effects. Thus, nCB causes sterile inflammation, DSB, and emphysema and explains adverse health outcomes seen in smokers while implicating the dangers of nCB exposure in non-smokers. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09623.001 Smoking for many years damages the lungs and leads to a disease called emphysema that makes it difficult to breathe and is often deadly. There are thousands of chemicals in cigarette smoke and many of them have been linked to the development of lung cancer, although it has been difficult to pinpoint those that are responsible for smoking-related emphysema. Moreover, cigarette smoke also contains large numbers of small particles and relatively little is known about the role played by these particles in smoking-related disease. One of the hallmarks of long-term smoking is a blackening of the lung tissue that persists even if someone stops smoking. Previously, little was known about the composition of the substance that causes this blackening, or its significance in the development of emphysema. Now, by studying lung tissue taken from smokers with emphysema, You et al. have shown that this black substance is made of nano-sized particles of a material called carbon black (which is also known as elemental carbon). These nanoparticles are produced by the incomplete combustion of the cigarettes. You et al. also confirmed that nanoparticles of carbon black can cause emphysema in mice. Closer examination of the lung damage caused by the nanoparticles revealed that they trigger breakages in DNA, which leads to inflammation of the lung. And because the nanoparticles cannot be cleared, they are released into the lung when cells die, which perpetuates lung inflammation and damage. You et al. then went on to show that nanoparticles of carbon black can be modified in a way that allows them to be cleared from the lungs. Such modifications could potentially protect people who are exposed to carbon black nanoparticles in the environment or in workplaces where carbon black is used, such as factories that produce automobile tires and other rubber products. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09623.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran You
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Wen Lu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Ming Shan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, United States.,Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, United States
| | - Errol Lg Samuel
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | | | - Zhengzong Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | | | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Lizhen Song
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Amanda Y Hendrix
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - James M Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, United States
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Houston, United States
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Michael E. DeBakey VA Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Houston, United States
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20
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Van Haute D, Longmate JM, Berlin JM. Controlled Assembly of Biocompatible Metallic Nanoaggregates Using a Small Molecule Crosslinker. Adv Mater 2015; 27:5158-64. [PMID: 26208123 PMCID: PMC4567412 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By introducing a capping step and controlling the reaction parameters, assembly of metallic nanoparticle aggregates can be achieved using a small-molecule crosslinker. Aggregates can be assembled from particles of varied size and composition and the size of the aggregates can be systematically adjusted. Following cell uptake of 60 nm aggregates, the aggregates are stable and nontoxic to macrophage cells up to 55 × 10(-3) m Au.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Van Haute
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Julia M. Longmate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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21
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White EE, Pai A, Weng Y, Suresh AK, Van Haute D, Pailevanian T, Alizadeh D, Hajimiri A, Badie B, Berlin JM. Functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles for controlling the movement of immune cells. Nanoscale 2015; 7:7780-9. [PMID: 25848983 PMCID: PMC4409571 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently being investigated for the treatment of many diseases, including cancer. The ability to control the location of immune cells during or following activation would represent a powerful new technique for this field. Targeted magnetic delivery is emerging as a technique for controlling cell movement and localization. Here we show that this technique can be extended to microglia, the primary phagocytic immune cells in the central nervous system. The magnetized microglia were generated by loading the cells with iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with CpG oligonucleotides, serving as a proof of principle that nanoparticles can be used to both deliver an immunostimulatory cargo to cells and to control the movement of the cells. The nanoparticle-oligonucleotide conjugates are efficiently internalized, non-toxic, and immunostimulatory. We demonstrate that the in vitro migration of the adherent, loaded microglia can be controlled by an external magnetic field and that magnetically-induced migration is non-cytotoxic. In order to capture video of this magnetically-induced migration of loaded cells, a novel 3D-printed "cell box" was designed to facilitate our imaging application. Analysis of cell movement velocities clearly demonstrate increased cell velocities toward the magnet. These studies represent the initial step towards our final goal of using nanoparticles to both activate immune cells and to control their trafficking within the diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan E White
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Alex Pai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Yiming Weng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Anil K. Suresh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Desiree Van Haute
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Torkom Pailevanian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
| | - Darya Alizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Ali Hajimiri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, United States
- Drs. Hajimiri, Badie, and Berlin, served as co-PI’s for these studies. Contact info: . Tel.: +1 626 256 4673, . Tel.: +1 626 256 4673. . Tel.: +1 626 395 2312
| | - Behnam Badie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Beckman Research Institute, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
- Drs. Hajimiri, Badie, and Berlin, served as co-PI’s for these studies. Contact info: . Tel.: +1 626 256 4673, . Tel.: +1 626 256 4673. . Tel.: +1 626 395 2312
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
- Drs. Hajimiri, Badie, and Berlin, served as co-PI’s for these studies. Contact info: . Tel.: +1 626 256 4673, . Tel.: +1 626 256 4673. . Tel.: +1 626 395 2312
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22
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Mooney R, Schena E, Zhumkhawala A, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Internal temperature increase during photothermal tumour ablation in mice using gold nanorods. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2015:2563-2566. [PMID: 26736815 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7318915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation (LA) is gaining large acceptance in the treatment of tumor. One of the main risks of this treatment is damaging the healthy tissue around the tumor. Among the solutions proposed to improve the selectivity of the LA and to localize heating to tumor tissue, the use of gold nanoparticles is one of the most promising. The aim of this work is threefold: i) to measure the temperature increase within the tumor during plasmonic photothermal therapy using gold nanorods; ii) to investigate the influence of nanorods concentration and laser settings on both the intra-tumoral temperature and the tumor surface temperature; iii) and to establish the nanorods concentrations able to cause tumor resorption at a defined laser settings. Two sets of trials were performed: i) 16 mice were divided in four groups with different treatment time (i.e., 5 min, 2 min, 1 min, and 30s), with constant gold nanorods amount (i.e., 12.5 μg) and laser power (i.e., 3 W·cm(-2)); ii) 16 mice were divided in four groups treated with different amount of gold nanorods (i.e., control, 12.5 μg, 25 μg, 50 μg) for 5 min at 2 W·cm(-2). Results show significant differences between internal and surface temperatures. We also demonstrate that this temperature difference increases with nanoparticle concentrations, decreases with laser power, and is not influenced by treatment time. This information is critical to improve the theoretical models that will guide future study designs in sensitive orthotopic tumor models.
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Mooney R, Roma L, Zhao D, Van Haute D, Garcia E, Kim SU, Annala AJ, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Neural stem cell-mediated intratumoral delivery of gold nanorods improves photothermal therapy. ACS Nano 2014; 8:12450-60. [PMID: 25375246 PMCID: PMC4278682 DOI: 10.1021/nn505147w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic photothermal therapy utilizes biologically inert gold nanorods (AuNRs) as tumor-localized antennas that convert light into heat capable of eliminating cancerous tissue. This approach has lower morbidity than surgical resection and can potentially synergize with other treatment modalities including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite these advantages, it is still challenging to obtain heating of the entire tumor mass while avoiding unnecessary collateral damage to surrounding healthy tissue. It is therefore critical to identify innovative methods to distribute an effective concentration of AuNRs throughout tumors without depositing them in surrounding healthy tissue. Here we demonstrate that AuNR-loaded, tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can be used to improve the intratumoral distribution of AuNRs. A simple UV-vis technique for measuring AuNR loading within NSCs was established. It was then confirmed that NSC viability is unimpaired following AuNR loading and that NSCs retain AuNRs long enough to migrate throughout tumors. We then demonstrate that intratumoral injections of AuNR-loaded NSCs are more efficacious than free AuNR injections, as evidenced by reduced recurrence rates of triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) xenografts following NIR exposure. Finally, we demonstrate that the distribution of AuNRs throughout the tumors is improved when transported by NSCs, likely resulting in the improved efficacy of AuNR-loaded NSCs as compared to free AuNRs. These findings highlight the advantage of combining cellular therapies and nanotechnology to generate more effective cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
| | - Luella Roma
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Donghong Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Desiree Van Haute
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Elizabeth Garcia
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Seung U. Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2B5, Canada
| | - Alexander J. Annala
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Karen S. Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, and Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, California 91010, United States
- Address correspondence to ,
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24
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Mooney R, Weng Y, Tirughana-Sambandan R, Valenzuela V, Aramburo S, Garcia E, Li Z, Gutova M, Annala AJ, Berlin JM, Aboody KS. Neural stem cells improve intracranial nanoparticle retention and tumor-selective distribution. Future Oncol 2014; 10:401-15. [PMID: 24559447 DOI: 10.2217/fon.13.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this work is to determine if tumor-tropic neural stem cells (NSCs) can improve the tumor-selective distribution and retention of nanoparticles (NPs) within invasive brain tumors. MATERIALS & METHODS Streptavidin-conjugated, polystyrene NPs are surface-coupled to biotinylated human NSCs. These NPs are large (798 nm), yet when conjugated to tropic cells, they are too large to passively diffuse through brain tissue or cross the blood-tumor barrier. NP distribution and retention was quantified 4 days after injections located either adjacent to an intracerebral glioma, in the contralateral hemisphere, or intravenously. RESULTS & CONCLUSION In all three in vivo injection paradigms, NSC-coupled NPs exhibited significantly improved tumor-selective distribution and retention over free-NP suspensions. These results provide proof-of-principle that NSCs can facilitate the tumor-selective distribution of NPs, a platform useful for improving intracranial drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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25
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Mooney R, Weng Y, Garcia E, Bhojane S, Smith-Powell L, Kim SU, Annala AJ, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Conjugation of pH-responsive nanoparticles to neural stem cells improves intratumoral therapy. J Control Release 2014; 191:82-9. [PMID: 24952368 PMCID: PMC4156897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intratumoral drug delivery is an inherently appealing approach for concentrating toxic chemotherapies at the site of action. This mode of administration is currently used in a number of clinical treatments such as neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and even standalone therapies when radiation and surgery are not possible. However, even when injected locally, it is difficult to achieve efficient distribution of chemotherapeutics throughout the tumor. This is primarily attributed to the high interstitial pressure which results in gradients that drive fluid away from the tumor center. The stiff extracellular matrix also limits drug penetration throughout the tumor. We have previously shown that neural stem cells can penetrate tumor interstitium, actively migrating even to hypoxic tumor cores. When used to deliver therapeutics, these migratory neural stem cells result in dramatically enhanced tumor coverage relative to conventional delivery approaches. We recently showed that neural stem cells maintain their tumor tropic properties when surface-conjugated to nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate that this hybrid delivery system can be used to improve the efficacy of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles when administered intratumorally. This was achieved by conjugating drug-loaded nanoparticles to the surface of neural stem cells using a bond that allows the stem cells to efficiently distribute nanoparticles throughout the tumor before releasing the drug for uptake by tumor cells. The modular nature of this system suggests that it could be used to improve the efficacy of many chemotherapy drugs after intratumoral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Mooney
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Yiming Weng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Elizabeth Garcia
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sukhada Bhojane
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leslie Smith-Powell
- Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Seung U Kim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, UBC Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2B5, Canada
| | - Alexander J Annala
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Karen S Aboody
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Division of Neurosurgery, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Mooney R, Gilchrist M, Weng Y, Annala A, Bhojane S, Garcia E, Roma L, Schnarr K, Dellinger T, Han E, Karen AS, Berlin JM. Abstract A41: Harnessing neural stem cell tumor tropism for targeted nanoparticle delivery: Potential for ovarian cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ovca13-a41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Intraperitoneal as compared to intravenous administration of chemotherapy has shown improved survival rates for stage III ovarian cancer. While this demonstrates that concentrating chemotherapy at the tumors has therapeutic benefit, intraperitoneal therapy was also accompanied by significantly increased toxic side effects. There is thus an urgent need for a targeted delivery system that could localize therapy at the tumors and decrease the side-effects. Here we show that stem cell/nanoparticle hybrids may be used for such targeted therapy. In pre-clinical brain and other invasive and metastatic tumor models, neural stem cells have been shown to overcome a variety of biological barriers and migrate selectively to invasive tumor foci, even penetrating hypoxic tumor regions. Here we present data confirming that neural stem cells also migrate selectively to ovarian cancer. Moreover, the neural stem cells can engineered to transport to the tumors nanoparticles that either contain chemotherapy drugs or can be induced to heat. The combination of neural stem cells and nanoparticles that can either be used for thermal ablation or slowly release chemotherapy drugs offers the potential to realize a modular and general drug targeting system for the treatment of stage III ovarian cancer.
Citation Format: Rachael Mooney, Megan Gilchrist, Yiming Weng, Alexander Annala, Sukhada Bhojane, Elizabeth Garcia, Luella Roma, Kenna Schnarr, Thanh Dellinger, Ernest Han, Aboody S. Karen, Jacob M. Berlin. Harnessing neural stem cell tumor tropism for targeted nanoparticle delivery: Potential for ovarian cancer therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A41.
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Schnarr K, Mooney R, Weng Y, Zhao D, Garcia E, Armstrong B, Annala AJ, Kim SU, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Cancer Therapy: Gold Nanoparticle-Loaded Neural Stem Cells for Photothermal Ablation of Cancer (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 7/2013). Adv Healthc Mater 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201370036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Schnarr K, Mooney R, Weng Y, Zhao D, Garcia E, Armstrong B, Annala AJ, Kim SU, Aboody KS, Berlin JM. Gold nanoparticle-loaded neural stem cells for photothermal ablation of cancer. Adv Healthc Mater 2013; 2:976-82. [PMID: 23592703 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenna Schnarr
- Department of Neurosciences, Beckman Research Institute, Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Marcano DC, Bitner BR, Berlin JM, Jarjour J, Lee JM, Jacob A, Fabian RH, Kent TA, Tour JM. Design of Poly(ethylene Glycol)-Functionalized Hydrophilic Carbon Clusters for Targeted Therapy of Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:789-96. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2011.2301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C. Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Brittany R. Bitner
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jane Jarjour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Juhye M. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Aakash Jacob
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Roderic H. Fabian
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Thomas A. Kent
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, Texas
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Sahni D, Jea A, Mata JA, Marcano DC, Sivaganesan A, Berlin JM, Tatsui CE, Sun Z, Luerssen TG, Meng S, Kent TA, Tour JM. Biocompatibility of pristine graphene for neuronal interface. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2013; 11:575-83. [PMID: 23473006 DOI: 10.3171/2013.1.peds12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT Graphene possesses unique electrical, physical, and chemical properties that may offer significant potential as a bioscaffold for neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the in vitro biocompatibility of pristine graphene for interface with primary rat cortical neurons. METHODS Graphene films were prepared by chemical vapor deposition on a copper foil catalytic substrate and subsequent apposition on bare Permanox plastic polymer dishes. Rat neuronal cell culture was grown on graphene-coated surfaces, and cell growth and attachment were compared with those on uncoated and poly-d-lysine (PDL)-coated controls; the latter surface is highly favorable for neuronal attachment and growth. Live/dead cell analysis was conducted with flow cytometry using ethidium homodimer-1 and calcein AM dyes. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels-indicative of cytotoxicity-were measured as markers of cell death. Phase contrast microscopy of active cell culture was conducted to assess neuronal attachment and morphology. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in the percentage of live or dead neurons were noted between graphene and PDL surfaces, as well as between the PDL-coated and bare surfaces, but there was little difference in cell viability between graphene-coated and bare surfaces. There were significantly lower LDH levels in the graphene-coated samples compared with the uncoated ones, indicating that graphene was not more cytotoxic than the bare control surface. According to phase contrast microscopy, neurons attached to the graphene-coated surface and were able to elaborate long, neuritic processes suggestive of normal neuronal metabolism and morphology. CONCLUSIONS Further use of graphene as a bioscaffold will require surface modification that enhances hydrophilicity to increase cellular attachment and growth. Graphene is a nanomaterial that is biocompatible with neurons and may have significant biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshdeepak Sahni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Suresh AK, Weng Y, Li Z, Zerda R, Van Haute D, Williams JC, Berlin JM. Matrix metalloproteinase-triggered denuding of engineered gold nanoparticles for selective cell uptake. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:2341-2349. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00435j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bitner BR, Marcano DC, Berlin JM, Fabian RH, Cherian L, Culver JC, Dickinson ME, Robertson CS, Pautler RG, Kent TA, Tour JM. Antioxidant carbon particles improve cerebrovascular dysfunction following traumatic brain injury. ACS Nano 2012; 6:8007-14. [PMID: 22866916 PMCID: PMC3458163 DOI: 10.1021/nn302615f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the neurovasculature is a feature of brain injury and must be addressed to maximize opportunity for improvement. Cerebrovascular dysfunction, manifested by reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF), is a key factor that worsens outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI), most notably under conditions of hypotension. We report here that a new class of antioxidants, poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), which are nontoxic carbon particles, rapidly restore CBF in a mild TBI/hypotension/resuscitation rat model when administered during resuscitation--a clinically relevant time point. Along with restoration of CBF, there is a concomitant normalization of superoxide and nitric oxide levels. Given the role of poor CBF in determining outcome, this finding is of major importance for improving patient health under clinically relevant conditions during resuscitative care, and it has direct implications for the current TBI/hypotension war-fighter victims in the Afghanistan and Middle East theaters. The results also have relevancy in other related acute circumstances such as stroke and organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany R Bitner
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Sharpe MA, Marcano DC, Berlin JM, Widmayer MA, Baskin DS, Tour JM. Antibody-targeted nanovectors for the treatment of brain cancers. ACS Nano 2012; 6:3114-3120. [PMID: 22390360 DOI: 10.1021/nn2048679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Introduced here is the hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) antibody drug enhancement system (HADES), a methodology for cell-specific drug delivery. Antigen-targeted, drug-delivering nanovectors are manufactured by combining specific antibodies with drug-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-HCCs (PEG-HCCs). We show that HADES is highly modular, as both the drug and antibody component can be varied for selective killing of a range of cultured human primary glioblastoma multiforme. Using three different chemotherapeutics and three different antibodies, without the need for covalent bonding to the nanovector, we demonstrate extreme lethality toward glioma, but minimal toxicity toward human astrocytes and neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyn A Sharpe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Hospital, 6560 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.
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35
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Sano D, Berlin JM, Pham TT, Marcano DC, Valdecanas DR, Zhou G, Milas L, Myers JN, Tour JM. Noncovalent assembly of targeted carbon nanovectors enables synergistic drug and radiation cancer therapy in vivo. ACS Nano 2012; 6:2497-505. [PMID: 22316245 PMCID: PMC3314092 DOI: 10.1021/nn204885f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Current chemotherapeutics are characterized by efficient tumor cell-killing and severe side effects mostly derived from off-target toxicity. Hence targeted delivery of these drugs to tumor cells is actively sought. In an in vitro system, we previously demonstrated that targeted drug delivery to cancer cells overexpressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR+) can be achieved by poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized carbon nanovectors simply mixed with a drug, paclitaxel, and an antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor, cetuximab. This construct is unusual in that all three components are assembled through noncovalent interactions. Here we show that this same construct is effective in vivo, enhancing radiotherapy of EGFR+ tumors. This targeted nanovector system has the potential to be a new therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, deserving of further preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tam T. Pham
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Daniela C. Marcano
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - David R. Valdecanas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1950, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ge Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Luka Milas
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Unit 1950, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Corresponding author ;
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Corresponding author ;
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Zuhl AM, Mohr JT, Bachovchin DA, Niessen S, Hsu KL, Berlin JM, Dochnahl M, López-Alberca MP, Fu GC, Cravatt BF. Competitive activity-based protein profiling identifies aza-β-lactams as a versatile chemotype for serine hydrolase inhibition. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:5068-71. [PMID: 22400490 DOI: 10.1021/ja300799t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Serine hydrolases are one of the largest and most diverse enzyme classes in Nature. Most serine hydrolases lack selective inhibitors, which are valuable probes for assigning functions to these enzymes. We recently discovered a set of aza-β-lactams (ABLs) that act as potent and selective inhibitors of the mammalian serine hydrolase protein-phosphatase methylesterase-1 (PME-1). The ABLs inactivate PME-1 by covalent acylation of the enzyme's serine nucleophile, suggesting that they could offer a general scaffold for serine hydrolase inhibitor discovery. Here, we have tested this hypothesis by screening ABLs more broadly against cell and tissue proteomes by competitive activity-based protein profiling (ABPP), leading to the discovery of lead inhibitors for several serine hydrolases, including the uncharacterized enzyme α,β-hydrolase domain-containing 10 (ABHD10). ABPP-guided medicinal chemistry yielded a compound ABL303 that potently (IC(50) ≈ 30 nM) and selectively inactivated ABHD10 in vitro and in living cells. A comparison of optimized inhibitors for PME-1 and ABHD10 indicates that modest structural changes that alter steric bulk can tailor the ABL to selectively react with distinct, distantly related serine hydrolases. Our findings, taken together, designate the ABL as a versatile reactive group for creating first-in-class serine hydrolase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Zuhl
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Kent TA, Bitner BR, Berlin JM, Robertson CR, Marcano DC, Fabian RH, Pautler RG, Tour JM. Abstract 27: Antioxidant Carbon-based Nanomaterials:
In-vitro
Protection and
In-
vivo Effects on the Neurovascular Unit. Stroke 2012. [DOI: 10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:
Dysfunction of the cerebrovasculature, manifested by poor reperfusion and loss of autoregulation, is a feature of ischemia and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Oxidative stress is implicated in this effect. Conventional antioxidants have not proven clinically effective. Nanomaterials are an emerging class of antioxidants with potential advantages including quenching of oxidative radicals without need for enzymatic transformation.
Objectives:
We tested whether the carbon nanomaterials, poly(ethylene gylcol)-functionalized hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs) are antioxidants and determined their effect on the cerebrovasculature following mild experimental TBI and hypotension.
Methods:
HCCs were generated by treating single wall carbon nanotubes with oleum and nitric acid. HCCs were functionalized with PEG via coupling to carboxcylic acids. The ability to quench superoxide anion (SO) was determined in solution and b.End3 cultured brain endothelial cells after administering the electron chain transport inhibitor Antimycin A (AntA) using dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence flow cytometry.
In-vivo
studies were performed in Long Evans rats following mild TBI (3m/s; 2.5 mm deformation; 80 ms duration) and 50 mins. hemorrhagic hypotension followed by resuscitation with Lactated Ringers (
Figure
:
Resus
) then by shed blood (
Hospital
). Treatment with 2 mg/kg PEG-HCCs in 1 mL or PBS was initiated prior to the “Hospital” phase. Laser Doppler perfusion (LDF) was measured to 6 hours post-TBI.
Results:
DHE fluorescence induced by AntA was eliminated by post-treatment with PEG-HCCs (2-4 mg/L; 15 min post-AntA). At that concentration, there was no innate toxicity in cells determined by clonogenic and trypan blue assay. Only pre-treatment with a 10X excess of SO dismutase (SOD) achieved comparable DHE effect. PEG-HCC post-treatment improved cell survival after a higher dose of AntA, to 65% of baseline compared to 23% for SOD.
In-vivo
following TBI, hypotension reduced relative LDF to approximately 30% (
Fig
). Administered just prior to shed blood nanotubes restored LDF to 100% of baseline while the vehicle group remained significantly lower at 56%. LDF declined in all groups over time.
Conclusions:
PEG-HCCs are biocompatible with b.End3 cells and rapidly protected these cells from oxidative stress. PEG-HCCs at a clinically realistic time point improved cerebrovasculature dysfunction post-TBI/hypotension. The duration of effect is consistent with blood half life after a single dose. Longer term dosing studies are underway to establish the effect on outcome and reperfusion injury.
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Sano D, Berlin JM, Marcano DC, Valdecanas DR, Zhou G, Milas L, Tour JM, Myers JN. Abstract A145: EGFR-targeting of carbon nanovectors loaded with paclitaxel improves their antitumor efficacy and radiosensitization of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-a145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoparticels have been researched broadly as new generation of diagnostics, imaging agents, and drugs for detecting and treating cancer. We previously developed PEGylated small hydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs) and reported that PEG-HCCs conjugated with paclitaxel (PTX/PEG-HCCs) is a stable effective drug delivery system with minimal toxicity. Here, we describe the establishment of targeted nanovectors by simply mixing PTX/PEG-HCCs with cetuximab (ImClone Systems), an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody. The specificity of this EGFR targeted method of delivery of PTX/PEG-HCCs was demonstrated in mice implanted subcutaneously on opposing flanks with EGFR expressing, OSC-19 (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: HNSCC) cells and non-EGFR-expressing MCF-7 cells in a nude mouse. The targeted nanovector system, Cet/PTX/PEG-HCCs, showed greater efficacy superior than PTX/PEG-HCCs on OSC-19 tumor growth, but not on MCF-7 tumors. Cet/PTX/PEG-HCCs also showed greater growth inhibition prolonged survival compared to PTX or PTX/PEG-HCCs in an orthotopic nude mouse model of human HNSCC. These results suggested that Cet/PTX/PEG-HCCs can targeted to HNSCC overexpressing EGFR cells. In addition, Cet/PTX/PEG-HCCs were found to radiosensitize HNSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cet/PTX/PEG-HCCs plus radiation inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in vivo. This work is highly significant as success would allow for targeted chemotherapy for HNSCC by simply mixing commercially available drugs and antibodies with a nanovector solution.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A145.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sano
- 1Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Ge Zhou
- 3University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Luka Milas
- 3University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Berlin JM. Abstract C3: Selective denuding of nanoparticles for tumor targeting. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.fbcr11-c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutics to tumors is highly desired both to deliver fragile compounds that cannot reach the tumor on their own and to limit off-target toxicity. Nanovectors, nanoparticles capable of transporting and delivering one or more bioactive molecules, are an emerging class of targeted drug delivery platforms. Targeting of nanovectors to tumors is conventionally achieved both by designing them to be approximately 50–200 nm in diameter in order to take advantage of the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect common to tumors and/or functionalizing the nanovectors with ligands that bind specifically in the tumor environment. In order for these strategies to be successful, the nanovectors must have an extended circulation time in the blood. One result of this is accumulation and prolonged retention of many nanovectors in the liver and spleen, which raises toxicity concerns. Here we demonstrate a dramatically different strategy making use of nanovectors composed of insoluble ultrasmall nanoparticles cores functionalized with responsive solubilizing polymer shells. The responsive polymers are designed to be cleaved from the insoluble nanoparticles core in the tumor microenvironment, which results in the deposition of the insoluble nanoparticles at the tumor site. On the other hand, because the particles are ultrasmall, if they remain unchanged they are rapidly cleared from the body, dramatically reducing potential side effects.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2011 Sep 14-18; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(18 Suppl):Abstract nr C3.
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Berlin JM, Pham TT, Sano D, Mohamedali KA, Marcano DC, Myers JN, Tour JM. Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanovectors with an antibody enables targeted drug delivery. ACS Nano 2011; 5:6643-50. [PMID: 21736358 PMCID: PMC3160510 DOI: 10.1021/nn2021293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Current chemotherapeutics are characterized by efficient tumor cell-killing and severe side effects mostly derived from off-target toxicity. Hence targeted delivery of these drugs to tumor cells is actively sought. We previously demonstrated that poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalized carbon nanovectors are able to sequester paclitaxel, a widely used hydrophobic cancer drug, by simple physisorption and thereby deliver the drug for killing of cancer cells. The cell-killing when these drug-loaded carbon nanoparticles were used was equivalent to when a commercial formulation of paclitaxel was used. Here we show that by further mixing the drug-loaded nanoparticles with Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), paclitaxel is preferentially targeted to EGFR+ tumor cells in vitro. This supports progressing to in vivo studies. Moreover, the construct is unusual in that all three components are assembled through noncovalent interactions. Such noncovalent assembly could enable high-throughput screening of drug/antibody combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tam T. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Khalid A. Mohamedali
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Unit 1950, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniela C. Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Berlin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - James M Tour
- Rice University, Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, 6100 Main St. MS 222, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, Alemany LB, Lu W, Tour JM. Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS Nano 2010; 4:4806-14. [PMID: 20731455 DOI: 10.1021/nn1006368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4659] [Impact Index Per Article: 332.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An improved method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) is described. Currently, Hummers' method (KMnO(4), NaNO(3), H(2)SO(4)) is the most common method used for preparing graphene oxide. We have found that excluding the NaNO(3), increasing the amount of KMnO(4), and performing the reaction in a 9:1 mixture of H(2)SO(4)/H(3)PO(4) improves the efficiency of the oxidation process. This improved method provides a greater amount of hydrophilic oxidized graphene material as compared to Hummers' method or Hummers' method with additional KMnO(4). Moreover, even though the GO produced by our method is more oxidized than that prepared by Hummers' method, when both are reduced in the same chamber with hydrazine, chemically converted graphene (CCG) produced from this new method is equivalent in its electrical conductivity. In contrast to Hummers' method, the new method does not generate toxic gas and the temperature is easily controlled. This improved synthesis of GO may be important for large-scale production of GO as well as the construction of devices composed of the subsequent CCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, and the Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS 222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Berlin JM, Leonard AD, Pham TT, Sano D, Marcano DC, Yan S, Fiorentino S, Milas ZL, Kosynkin DV, Katherine Price B, Lucente-Schultz RM, Wen X, Gabriela Raso M, Craig SL, Tran HT, Myers JN, Tour JM. Effective drug delivery, in vitro and in vivo, by carbon-based nanovectors noncovalently loaded with unmodified Paclitaxel. ACS Nano 2010; 4:4621-36. [PMID: 20681596 PMCID: PMC2935702 DOI: 10.1021/nn100975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Many new drugs have low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a classic example of this type of compound. Here we show that extremely small (<40 nm) hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) that are PEGylated (PEG-HCCs) are effective drug delivery vehicles when simply mixed with paclitaxel. This formulation of PTX sequestered in PEG-HCCs (PTX/PEG-HCCs) is stable for at least 20 weeks. The PTX/PEG-HCCs formulation was as effective as PTX in a clinical formulation in reducing tumor volumes in an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Preliminary toxicity and biodistribution studies suggest that the PEG-HCCs are not acutely toxic and, like many other nanomaterials, are primarily accumulated in the liver and spleen. This work demonstrates that carbon nanomaterials are effective drug delivery vehicles in vivo when noncovalently loaded with an unmodified drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Ashley D. Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tam T. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Daniela C. Marcano
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Shayou Yan
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Stefania Fiorentino
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zvonimir L. Milas
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Dmitry V. Kosynkin
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - B. Katherine Price
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | | | - XiaoXia Wen
- Experimental Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - M. Gabriela Raso
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Suzanne L. Craig
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Hai T. Tran
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Head and Neck Surgery, Unit 441, The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- ;
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, MS-222, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- ;
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Bhattacharyya KX, Akana JA, Laitar DS, Berlin JM, Sadighi JP. Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation on Reaction of a Copper(I) Stannyl Complex with Carbon Dioxide. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om8001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koyel X. Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-344, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jennifer A. Akana
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-344, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - David S. Laitar
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-344, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Jacob M. Berlin
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-344, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Joseph P. Sadighi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 18-344, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
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Berlin JM, Fu GC. Enantioselective nucleophilic catalysis: the synthesis of aza-beta-lactams through [2+2] cycloadditions of ketenes with azo compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:7048-50. [PMID: 18668500 PMCID: PMC2790040 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory C. Fu
- Prof. Dr. G. C. Fu, Dr. J. M. Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA), Fax: (+1) 617-324-3611, E-mail:
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46
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Stewart IC, Ung T, Pletnev AA, Berlin JM, Grubbs RH, Schrodi Y. Highly Efficient Ruthenium Catalysts for the Formation of Tetrasubstituted Olefins via Ring-Closing Metathesis. Org Lett 2007; 9:1589-92. [PMID: 17378575 DOI: 10.1021/ol0705144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A series of ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been prepared in which the N-aryl groups have been changed from mesityl to mono-ortho-substituted phenyl (e.g., tolyl). These new catalysts offer an exceptional increase in activity for the formation of tetrasubstituted olefins via ring-closing metathesis (RCM), while maintaining high levels of activity in ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions that generate di- and trisubstituted olefins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Stewart
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Berlin JM, Campbell K, Ritter T, Funk TW, Chlenov A, Grubbs RH. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Ring-Closing Metathesis to Form Tetrasubstituted Olefins. Org Lett 2007; 9:1339-42. [PMID: 17343392 DOI: 10.1021/ol070194o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text]. Increased efficiency for ring-closing metathesis to form tetrasubstituted olefins using N-heterocyclic carbene ligated ruthenium catalysts was achieved by reducing the size of the substituents at the ortho positions of the N-bound aryl rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Berlin
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Berlin JM, Goldberg SD, Grubbs RH. Highly Active Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts for Asymmetric Cross- and Ring-Opening Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:7591-5. [PMID: 17054302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Berlin
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, California Institute of Technology, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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49
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Berlin JM, Goldberg SD, Grubbs RH. Highly Active Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts for Asymmetric Cross- and Ring-Opening Cross-Metathesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200602469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
The synthesis of olefin metathesis catalysts containing chiral, monodentate N-heterocyclic carbenes and their application to asymmetric ring-closing metathesis (ARCM) are reported. These catalysts retain the high levels of reactivity found in the related achiral variants (1a and 1b). Using the parent chiral catalysts 2a and 2b and derivatives that contain steric bulk in the meta positions of the N-bound aryl rings (catalysts 3-5), five- through seven-membered rings were formed in up to 92% ee. The addition of sodium iodide to catalysts 2a-4a (to form 2b-4b in situ) caused a dramatic increase in enantioselectivity for many substrates. Catalyst 5a, which gave high enantiomeric excesses for certain substrates without the addition of NaI, could be used in loadings of < or =1 mol %. Mechanistic explanations for the large sodium iodide effect as well as possible mechanistic pathways leading to the observed products are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Funk
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratory of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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