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Starnes JR, Xu M, George-Durrett K, Crum K, Raucci FJ, Spurney CF, Hor KN, Cripe LH, Husain N, Buddhe S, Gambetta K, Tamaroff J, Slaughter JC, Markham LW, Soslow JH. Rate of Change in Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Is Associated With Death in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032960. [PMID: 38686878 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Identifying patients at risk of early death could allow for increased monitoring and more intensive therapy. Measures that associate with death could serve as surrogate outcomes in clinical trials. METHODS AND RESULTS Duchenne muscular dystrophy subjects prospectively enrolled in observational studies were included. Models using generalized least squares were used to assess the difference of cardiac magnetic resonance measurements between deceased and alive subjects. A total of 63 participants underwent multiple cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and were included in the analyses. Twelve subjects (19.1%) died over a median follow-up of 5 years (interquartile range, 3.1-7.0). Rate of decline in left ventricular ejection fraction was faster in deceased than alive subjects (P<0.0001). Rate of increase in indexed left ventricular end-diastolic (P=0.0132) and systolic (P<0.0001) volumes were higher in deceased subjects. Faster worsening in midcircumferential strain was seen in deceased subjects (P=0.049) while no difference in global circumferential strain was seen. The rate of increase in late gadolinium enhancement, base T1, and mid T1 did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS Duchenne muscular dystrophy death is associated with the rate of change in left ventricular ejection fraction, midcircumferential strain, and ventricular volumes. Aggressive medical therapy to decrease the rate of progression may improve the mortality rate in this population. A decrease in the rate of progression may serve as a valid surrogate outcome for therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Starnes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Nashville TN USA
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Frank J Raucci
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond VA USA
| | | | - Kan N Hor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Linda H Cripe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University Columbus OH USA
| | - Nazia Husain
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
| | - Sujatha Buddhe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA
| | - Katheryn Gambetta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL USA
| | - Jaclyn Tamaroff
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | | | - Larry W Markham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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Rankin DA, Katz SE, Amarin JZ, Hayek H, Stewart LS, Slaughter JC, Deppen S, Yanis A, Romero YH, Chappell JD, Khankari NK, Halasa NB. Provider-ordered viral testing and antibiotic administration practices among children with acute respiratory infections across healthcare settings in Nashville, Tennessee. Antimicrob Steward Healthc Epidemiol 2024; 4:e29. [PMID: 38500720 PMCID: PMC10945942 DOI: 10.1017/ash.2024.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective Evaluate the association between provider-ordered viral testing and antibiotic treatment practices among children discharged from an ED or hospitalized with an acute respiratory infection (ARI). Design Active, prospective ARI surveillance study from November 2017 to February 2020. Setting Pediatric hospital and emergency department in Nashville, Tennessee. Participants Children 30 days to 17 years old seeking medical care for fever and/or respiratory symptoms. Methods Antibiotics prescribed during the child's ED visit or administered during hospitalization were categorized into (1) None administered; (2) Narrow-spectrum; and (3) Broad-spectrum. Setting-specific models were built using unconditional polytomous logistic regression with robust sandwich estimators to estimate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals between provider-ordered viral testing (ie, tested versus not tested) and viral test result (ie, positive test versus not tested and negative test versus not tested) and three-level antibiotic administration. Results 4,107 children were enrolled and tested, of which 2,616 (64%) were seen in the ED and 1,491 (36%) were hospitalized. In the ED, children who received a provider-ordered viral test had 25% decreased odds (aOR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.98) of receiving a narrow-spectrum antibiotic during their visit than those without testing. In the inpatient setting, children with a negative provider-ordered viral test had 57% increased odds (aOR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.44) of being administered a broad-spectrum antibiotic compared to children without testing. Conclusions In our study, the impact of provider-ordered viral testing on antibiotic practices differed by setting. Additional studies evaluating the influence of viral testing on antibiotic stewardship and antibiotic prescribing practices are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Rankin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology PhD Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sophie E. Katz
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin Z. Amarin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Haya Hayek
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura S. Stewart
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen Deppen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ahmad Yanis
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - James D. Chappell
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nikhil K. Khankari
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Rankin DA, Stewart LS, Slaughter JC, Deppen S, Katz SE, Stahl AL, Stopczynski T, Yanis A, McHenry R, Guevara Pulido C, Herazo Romero Y, Chappell JD, Halasa NB, Khankari NK. Principal Component Patterns of Pediatric Respiratory Viral Testing Across Health Care Settings. Hosp Pediatr 2024; 14:126-136. [PMID: 38225919 PMCID: PMC10823184 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Factors prompting clinicians to request viral testing in children are unclear. We assessed patterns prompting clinicians to perform viral testing in children discharged from an emergency department (ED) or hospitalized with an acute respiratory infection (ARI). METHODS Using active ARI surveillance data collected from November 2017 through February 2020, children aged between 30 days and 17 years with fever or respiratory symptoms who had a research respiratory specimen tested were included. Children's presentation patterns from their initial evaluation at each health care setting were analyzed using principal components (PCs) analysis. PC-specific models using logistic regression with robust sandwich estimators were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between PCs and provider-ordered viral testing. PCs were assigned respiratory virus/viruses names a priori based on the patterns represented. RESULTS In total, 4107 children were enrolled and tested, with 2616 (64%) discharged from the ED and 1491 (36%) hospitalized. In the ED, children with a coviral presentation pattern had a 1.44-fold (95% CI, 1.24-1.68) increased odds of receiving a provider-ordered viral test than children showing clinical symptoms less representative of coviral-like infection. Whereas children in the ED and hospitalized with rhinovirus-like symptoms had 71% (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.24-0.34) and 39% (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.49-0.76) decreased odds, respectively, of receiving a provider-ordered viral test during their medical encounter. CONCLUSIONS Viral tests are frequently ordered by clinicians, but presentation patterns vary by setting and influence the initiation of testing. Additional assessments of factors affecting provider decisions to use viral testing in pediatric ARI management are needed to maximize patient benefits of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen Deppen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Division of Epidemiology
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nikhil K. Khankari
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Halasa/Chappell Research Investigators
- Address correspondence to Danielle A. Rankin, PhD, MPH, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology PhD Program, 1161 21st Ave South, D7232 MCN, Nashville, TN 37232. E-mail:
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Gaines LS, Kappelman MD, Schwartz DA, Horst SN, Beaulieu DB, Scoville ES, Dalal RL, Pabla BS, Slaughter JC. The Comorbidity of Patient-Reported Crohn's Disease Activity and Depression: The Role of Health Behavior Mediators. Crohns Colitis 360 2024; 6:otad080. [PMID: 38188701 PMCID: PMC10771267 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Longitudinal research reveals a unidirectional relationship between a nonsomatic symptom of depression, a negative view of the self, and later reported Crohn's disease (CD) activity. We evaluated whether health behaviors mediated this association using a longitudinal design. Methods We studied 3304 adult volunteers with a self-reported diagnosis of CD who completed a baseline survey that included demographics, CD activity, a symptom-specific index of depression, and measures of physical activity, smoking, and sleep quality. Crohn's disease status and the cognitive index of depression were also measured 6 and 12 months after the baseline evaluation. We specified single-mediator and multiple-mediator models to elucidate the depression-disease activity relationship. Results Among 2395 females and 909 males, we found a significant mediation effect for activity level (P < .001) after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. There was no evidence that sleep quality and smoking are significant single mediators. When we considered multiple mediation models, smoking and less activity partially mediate the depression-CD association. Conclusions Smoking and lower levels of physical activity are potential mediators of the unidirectional association between a nonsomatic symptom of depression-a negative view of the self-and patient-reported CD activity. Evaluating and treating specific symptoms of depression may reduce the frequency of CD exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence S Gaines
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael D Kappelman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sara N Horst
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dawn B Beaulieu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Scoville
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robin L Dalal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Baldeep S Pabla
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Gregory JM, Kraft G, Dalla Man C, Slaughter JC, Scott MF, Hastings JR, Edgerton DS, Moore MC, Cherrington AD. A high-fat and fructose diet in dogs mirrors insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction characteristic of impaired glucose tolerance in humans. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296400. [PMID: 38134122 PMCID: PMC10745172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the impact of a hypercaloric high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) in dogs as a potential model for human impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The HFFD not only led to weight gain but also triggered metabolic alterations akin to the precursors of human T2DM, notably insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Following the HFFD intervention, the dogs exhibited a 50% decrease in insulin sensitivity within the first four weeks, paralleling observations in the progression from normal to IGT in humans. Calculations of the insulinogenic index using both insulin and C-peptide measurements during oral glucose tolerance tests revealed a significant and sustained decrease in early-phase insulin release, with partial compensation in the later phase, predominantly stemming from reduced hepatic insulin clearance. In addition, the Disposition Index, representing the β-cell's capacity to compensate for diminished insulin sensitivity, fell dramatically. These results confirm that a HFFD can instigate metabolic changes in dogs akin to the early stages of progression to T2DM in humans. The study underscores the potential of using dogs subjected to a HFFD as a model organism for studying human IGT and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Gregory
- Ian Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Guillaume Kraft
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN United States of America
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Melanie F Scott
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN United States of America
| | - Jon R Hastings
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN United States of America
| | - Dale S Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN United States of America
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN United States of America
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN United States of America
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Brown S, Richardson B, Bouquet E, Reid E, Mercer E, Goncalves M, Spann A, Annis J, Brittain E, Dreher A, Alexopoulos S, Slaughter JC, Silver HJ, Izzy M. Cirrhosis-related sarcopenia may not resolve after liver transplantation. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100881. [PMID: 37771367 PMCID: PMC10522892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Sarcopenia has significant burden in cirrhosis and has been shown to worsen short-term post-liver transplantation (LT). This study aims to evaluate the long-term change in sarcopenia post-LT along with its associations and predictors. Methods A retrospective study of adult patients who underwent LT at a tertiary centre between 1/1/2009 and 12/31/2018. Relevant demographic and clinical data were collected. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated using standard of care computerised tomography (CT) scans pre- and post-LT. Sarcopenia was defined using previously established cut-points. The primary outcome was SMI change post-LT and secondary outcome was post-LT mortality. Results Out of 1165 patients, 401 met inclusion criteria (1,205 CT scans reviewed). The average age at transplant was 57 years; 63% were male. The average BMI was 28 kg/m2. Thirteen percent of females and 32% of males had sarcopenia pre-LT. Post-LT SMI declined by 4.7 cm2/m2 in the first year then by 0.39 cm2/m2 per year thereafter. Females had greater rate of decline in SMI after the first year compared with males (0.87 cm2/m2 per year vs. 0.17 cm2/m2 per year, respectively, p = 0.02). Post-LT physical rehabilitation, infection, and readmissions were not associated with SMI trajectory. At 3 years post-LT, 31% of females and 48% of males had sarcopenia. Baseline sarcopenia was the only predictor of long-term post-LT sarcopenia on multivariable analysis, but it was not associated with mortality. Conclusions Sarcopenia does not appear to resolve post-LT and likely worsens leading to nearly doubling its prevalence in those with long-term follow-up. Immediate post-LT physical rehabilitation was not associated with SMI trajectory in our cohort. Impact and implications The prevalence of sarcopenia is high among patients with cirrhosis; however, data are mixed on the impact of sarcopenia on post-liver transplant (LT) course and there have been no studies evaluating the long-term evolution of sarcopenia post-LT beyond 1 year. In this study, we analysed changes in muscle mass up to 3 years after transplant in 401 patients and found that sarcopenia did not resolve in most liver transplant recipients and skeletal muscle mass tended to worsen after transplant with the greatest decline in muscle mass in the first year post-LT. Interestingly, sarcopenia did not influence post-transplant outcomes. Future prospective studies are needed to further understand the natural course of sarcopenia post-LT to guide interventions aiming at reversing post-LT sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Brown
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brooks Richardson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Erin Bouquet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elise Reid
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Evan Mercer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Ashley Spann
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Annis
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan Brittain
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony Dreher
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | - Heidi J. Silver
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manhal Izzy
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Brooks D, Slaughter JC, Nichols JH, Gregory JM. Reliability of Handheld Blood Glucose Monitors in Neonates: Trustworthy Arterial Readings but Capillary Results Warrant Caution for Hypoglycemia. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2023:19322968231207861. [PMID: 37864354 DOI: 10.1177/19322968231207861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate glucose monitoring is vitally important in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and clinicians use blood glucose monitors (BGM), such as the Inform II, for bedside glucose monitoring. Studies on BGM use in neonates have demonstrated good reliability; however, most studies only included healthy-term neonates. Therefore, the applicability of results to the preterm and/or ill neonate is limited. OBJECTIVES In preterm and ill neonates, quantify differences in glucose concentrations between (1) capillary glucose (measured by BGM) and arterial glucose (measured by YSI 2300 Stat Plus) and (2) between aliquots from the same arterial blood sample, one measured by BGM versus one by YSI. DESIGN/METHODS Forty neonates were included in the study. Using Inform II, we measured glucose concentrations on blood samples simultaneously collected from capillary circulation via heel puncture and from arterial circulation via an umbilical catheter. Plasma was then separated from the remainder of the arterial whole blood sample and a YSI 2300 Stat Plus measured plasma glucose concentration. RESULTS The dominant majority of arterial BGM results met the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tolerance criteria. Greater discrepancy was observed with capillary BGM values with an average of 27.5% of results falling outside tolerance criteria. CONCLUSIONS Blood glucose monitor testing provided reliable results from arterial blood. However, users should interpret hypoglycemic results obtained from capillary blood with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brooks
- Division of Neonatology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James H Nichols
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin M Gregory
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
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8
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Taylor JL, DaWalt LS, Burke MM, Slaughter JC, Xu M. Improving parents' ability to advocate for services for youth with autism: A randomized clinical trial. Autism Res 2023; 16:1976-1988. [PMID: 37551665 PMCID: PMC10615697 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Youth with autism face challenges accessing services as they transition to adulthood. Improving parents' ability to advocate for services on behalf of their youth may be an effective way to improve service access and ultimately transition outcomes in this group. In this study, we tested whether participating in an advocacy intervention improved parents' ability to advocate for services for their transition-aged youth with autism. One hundred and eighty-five parents of youth with autism ages 16-26, recruited across three states in the U.S., were randomized to one of two experimental conditions. The treatment condition received the ASSIST program, a 12-week (24-h) group-based intervention. The control condition received the same written materials as the treatment condition. Primary outcomes for this report-parent advocacy ability-were collected at baseline (prior to randomization) and post-test (immediately after the treatment group finished the 12-week program) by survey. After taking ASSIST, the treatment condition had greater gains than controls in knowledge of adult services (B = -1.62, CI = -2.33 to -0.90) and perceived advocacy skills (B = -0.19, CI = -0.33 to -0.04). Participants who had less knowledge, lower perceived advocacy skills, and less active coping styles at baseline had the greatest treatment gains. Findings suggest that ASSIST is effective in improving parent advocacy ability and may be most beneficial for parents who experience greater challenges advocating for their son/daughter with autism. Future research will examine whether gains in parent advocacy ability leads to improvements in service access and post-school outcomes for transition-age youth with autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lounds Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Meghan M. Burke
- Department of Special Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
| | | | - Meng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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9
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Tamaroff J, Williamson D, Slaughter JC, Xu M, Srivastava G, Shoemaker AH. Prevalence of genetic causes of obesity in clinical practice. Obes Sci Pract 2023; 9:508-515. [PMID: 37810530 PMCID: PMC10551116 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While obesity is common in the United States, monogenic obesity is rare, accounting for approximately 5% of individuals with obesity. New targeted therapies for genetic forms of obesity are available but there is limited guidance on who requires testing. The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of potentially clinically significant variants among individuals in Pediatric Endocrinology or Medical Weight Center clinics at a single center and to identify clinical characteristics that may make genetic obesity more likely. Methods Children and adults who had a genetic test for obesity, Uncovering Rare Obesity Gene panel, ordered during routine clinic visits from December 2019 to March 2021 were identified. Results Of the 139 patients with testing ordered, 117 had available results and clinical data. Over 40% (52/117, 44%) had at least one positive result (variant) with a variant that is considered pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or a variant of uncertain significance. No association was detected between age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI) or BMI z-score with a variant. Twenty-six individuals (22%) had one or more variants in genes associated with Bardet Biedl Syndrome, and 8 (6.8%) of them had pathogenic variants, higher than expected. Conclusion Overall, clinical suspicion for genetic obesity is important in determining who requires genetic testing but no clinical factors were found to predict results. While obesity is multifactorial, novel medications for genetic forms of obesity indicate the need for evidence-based guidelines for who requires genetic testing for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Tamaroff
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Dylan Williamson
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Gitanjali Srivastava
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
| | - Ashley H Shoemaker
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee USA
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Soslow JH, Xu M, Slaughter JC, Crum K, Kaslow JA, George-Durrett K, Raucci FJ, Wilkinson JD, Cripe L, Hor K, Spurney CF, Markham LW. Cardiovascular Measures of All-Cause Mortality in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Circ Heart Fail 2023; 16:e010040. [PMID: 37288563 PMCID: PMC10524475 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.122.010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary failure is the leading cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Research into DMD-specific cardiovascular therapies is ongoing, but there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved cardiac end points. To adequately power a therapeutic trial, appropriate end points must be chosen and the rate of change for these end points reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate rate of change for cardiac magnetic resonance and blood biomarkers and to determine which measures associate with all-cause mortality in DMD. METHODS Seventy-eight DMD subjects underwent 211 cardiac magnetic resonance studies analyzed for left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction, indexed LV end diastolic and systolic volumes, circumferential strain, late gadolinium enhancement presence and severity (global severity score, and full width half maximum), native T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and extracellular volume. Blood samples were analyzed for BNP (brain natriuretic peptide), NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), and troponin I. Cox proportional hazard regression modeling was performed with all-cause mortality as the outcome. RESULTS Fifteen subjects (19%) died. LV ejection fraction, indexed end systolic volumes, global severity score, and full width half maximum worsened at 1 and 2 years while circumferential strain and indexed LV end diastolic volumes worsened at 2 years. LV ejection fraction, indexed LV end diastolic and systolic volumes, late gadolinium enhancement full width half maximum, and circumferential strain associated with all-cause mortality (P<0.05). NT-proBNP was the only blood biomarker that associated with all-cause mortality (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS LV ejection fraction, indexed LV volumes, circumferential strain, late gadolinium enhancement full width half maximum, and NT-proBNP are associated with all-cause mortality in DMD and may be the best end points for use in cardiovascular therapeutic trials. We also report change over time of cardiac magnetic resonance and blood biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Soslow
- Division or Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Division or Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob A Kaslow
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Division or Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank J Raucci
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - James D Wilkinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Linda Cripe
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Kan Hor
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Christopher F Spurney
- Division of Cardiology, Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, D.C. 20010, USA
| | - Larry W Markham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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11
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Sunthankar SD, George-Durrett K, Crum K, Slaughter JC, Kasten J, Raucci FJ, Markham LW, Soslow JH. Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance T1, T2, and extracellular volume mapping to define Duchenne cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:44. [PMID: 37517994 PMCID: PMC10388519 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00951-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyopathy is the leading cause of death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) parametric mapping sequences offer insights into disease pathophysiology. We propose a novel approach by leveraging T2 mapping in conjunction with T1 and extracellular volume (ECV) mapping to perform a virtual myocardial biopsy. While previous work has attempted to describe myocardial changes in DMD, our inclusion of T2 mapping enables comprehensive categorization of myocardial tissue characteristics of fibrosis, edema, and fat to better understand the pathological composition of the myocardium with disease progression. METHODS DMD patients (n = 49; median: 12 years-old) underwent CMR, including T1, T2, and ECV. Categories were defined as normal, isolated high T1 (normal ECV, high T1, normal T2), fibrosis (high ECV, normal or high T1, normal T2), edema (normal or high ECV, normal or high T1, high T2), fat (normal ECV, low T1, high T2) or fibrofatty (high ECV, low T1, high T2). RESULTS Median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 59% with 27% having LVEF < 55%. Those with normal LVEF and no late gadolinium enhancement (37%) were younger in age (10.5 ± 2.6 vs. 15.0 ± 4.3 years-old, p < 0.001). Native T1 was elevated in at least one slice in 82% of patients. Those with high T2 at any slice (27%) were older (p = 0.005) and had lower LVEF (p = 0.005) compared with subjects with normal T2 (73%). The most common myocardial characterization was fibrosis (43%) followed by isolated high T1 (24%). Of the 13 with high T2, ten were categorized as edema, two as fibrofatty, and one as fat. CONCLUSION CMR parametric mapping sequences offer insights into Duchenne cardiomyopathy pathophysiology, which should drive development of therapeutic interventions aimed at these targets. Myocardial fibrosis is common in DMD. Patients with elevated T2 were older and had lower LVEF. Though fat infiltration was present, the majority of subjects with elevated T2 met criteria for myocardial edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep D Sunthankar
- Thomas P. Graham Jr Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2220 Children's Way, Suite 5230, TN, 37232, Nashville, USA.
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Thomas P. Graham Jr Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2220 Children's Way, Suite 5230, TN, 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Thomas P. Graham Jr Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2220 Children's Way, Suite 5230, TN, 37232, Nashville, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jennifer Kasten
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Frank J Raucci
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Larry W Markham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Thomas P. Graham Jr Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Monroe Carell Jr Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, 2220 Children's Way, Suite 5230, TN, 37232, Nashville, USA
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12
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Henderson CC, George-Durrett K, Kikano S, Slaughter JC, Chew JD, Parra D, Weiner J, Soslow J. Reference data for left ventricular filling and atrial function in children using cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2023; 25:30. [PMID: 37308942 PMCID: PMC10258747 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-023-00936-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastolic dysfunction is associated with morbidity and mortality in multiple pediatric disease processes. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) provides a non-invasive method of studying left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction through the assessment of LV filling curves and left atrial (LA) volume and function. However, there are no normative data for LV filling curves and the standard method is time-intensive. This study aims to compare an alternate, more rapid method of obtaining LV filling curves to standard methodology and report normative CMR diastolic function data for LV filling curves and LA volumes and function. METHODS Ninety-six healthy pediatric subjects (14.3 ± 3.4 years) with normal CMR defined by normal biventricular size and systolic function without late gadolinium enhancement were included. LV filling curves were generated by removing basal slices without myocardium present throughout the cardiac cycle and apical slices with poor endocardial delineation (compressed method), then re-generated including every phase of myocardium from apex to base (standard method). Indices of diastolic function included peak filling rate and time to peak filling. Systolic metrics included peak ejection rate and time to peak ejection. Both peak ejection and peak filling rates were indexed to end-diastolic volume. LA maximum, minimum and pre-contraction volumes were calculated using a biplane method. Inter-and intra-observer variability were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the effects of body surface area (BSA), gender and age on metrics of diastolic function. RESULTS BSA had the largest effect on LV filling curves. Normal LV filling data are reported for both compressed and standard methods. The time to perform the compressed method was significantly shorter than the standard method (median 6.1 min vs. 12.5 min, p < 0.001). Both methods had strong to moderate correlation for all metrics. Intra-observer reproducibility was moderate to high for all LV filling and LA metrics except for time to peak ejection and peak filling. CONCLUSIONS We report reference values for LV filling metrics and LA volumes. The compressed method is more rapid and produces similar results to standard methodology, which may facilitate the use of LV filling in clinical CMR reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sandra Kikano
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua D Chew
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Parra
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey Weiner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Soslow
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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13
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Sundermann AC, Slaughter JC, Velez Edwards DR, Hartmann KE. Time-Varying Exposures and Miscarriage: A Comparison of Statistical Models Through Simulation. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:790-799. [PMID: 36721373 PMCID: PMC10423631 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologists face a unique challenge in measuring risk relationships involving time-varying exposures in early pregnancy. Each week in early pregnancy is distinct in its contribution to fetal development, and this period is commonly characterized by shifts in maternal behavior and, consequently, exposures. In this simulation study, we used alcohol as an example of an exposure that often changes during early pregnancy and miscarriage as an outcome affected by early exposures. Data on alcohol consumption patterns from more than 5,000 women in the Right From the Start cohort study (United States, 2000-2012) informed measures of the prevalence of alcohol exposure, the distribution of gestational age at cessation of alcohol use, and the likelihood of miscarriage by week of gestation. We then compared the bias and precision of effect estimates and statistical power from 5 different modeling approaches in distinct simulated relationships. We demonstrate how the accuracy and precision of effect estimates depended on alignment between model assumptions and the underlying simulated relationship. Approaches that incorporated data about patterns of exposure were more powerful and less biased than simpler models when risk depended on timing or duration of exposure. To uncover risk relationships in early pregnancy, it is critical to carefully define the role of exposure timing in the underlying causal hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katherine E Hartmann
- Correspondence to Katherine E. Hartmann, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, Nashville, TN 37203 (e-mail: )
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14
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Cui J, Spann A, Shingina A, Schaefer H, Slaughter JC, Matsuoka L, Alexopoulos S, Izzy M. Predictors of renal recovery in recipients of liver transplant alone who met 2017 simultaneous liver-kidney transplant criteria. Clin Transplant 2022; 36:e14812. [PMID: 36065935 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe renal dysfunction is common among liver transplant (LT) candidates and often prompts simultaneous liver-kidney transplantation (SLKT) consideration. In view of 2017 United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) criteria for SLKT, we investigated the likelihood and predictors of renal recovery among patients who met the aforementioned criteria yet received liver transplant alone (LTA). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed relative renal recovery (RRR; increase in eGFR to >30 ml/min) in adult LTA recipients between 1/2009 and 1/2019. RESULTS Of 1165 LT recipients, 54 met 2017 UNOS criteria, with 37 receiving LTA. RRR occurred in 84% of LTA recipients, none of whom had pre-LT eGFR <20 ml/min. Sustained RRR (>180 days) occurred in 43% of patients. While prolonged pre-LT severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 ml/min) predicted failure to have sustained RRR (HR .19 per 90-day, CI .04-.87, p < .005), having an eGFR measurement of >30 ml/min within 90 days pre-LT (HR 5.52, CI 1.23-24.79, p .01) associated with achieving sustained RRR. Sustained RRR was protective against the composite outcome of renal replacement therapy, kidney transplant, and death (HR .21, p .01). CONCLUSION LT candidates who meet 2017 UNOS criteria for SLKT yet undergo LTA can still have relative renal recovery post-LT, exceeding 80% on short-term follow-up and 40% on long-term follow-up. eGFR trends within 90 days pre-LT can predict sustained renal recovery, which appears protective of adverse outcomes. These recovery rates advocate for applying the more restrictive criteria for SLKT outlined in this article and increasing utilization of the safety net (SN) policy for those who do not meet the proposed criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Cui
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashley Spann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexandra Shingina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heidi Schaefer
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Lea Matsuoka
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sophoclis Alexopoulos
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Manhal Izzy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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15
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Weitlauf AS, Broderick N, Alacia Stainbrook J, Slaughter JC, Taylor JL, Herrington CG, Nicholson AG, Santulli M, Dorris K, Garrett LJ, Hopton M, Kinsman A, Morton M, Vogel A, Dykens EM, Pablo Juárez A, Warren ZE. A Longitudinal RCT of P-ESDM With and Without Parental Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction: Impact on Child Outcomes. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:5403-5413. [PMID: 35040001 PMCID: PMC9289080 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial (NCT03889821) examined Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) in conjunction with the Parent-implemented Early Start Denver Model (P-ESDM). A previous report described improved metrics of parental distress (Weitlauf et al. in Pediatrics 145(Supplement 1):S81-S92, 2020). This manuscript examines child outcomes. 63 children with ASD (< 36 months) and their parents received 12 P-ESDM sessions. Half of parents also received MBSR. Longitudinal examination of whole sample means revealed modest improvements in autism severity, cognitive, and adaptive skills. There was not a significant time × group interaction for children whose parents received MBSR. Future work should examine more proximal markers of child or dyadic change to enhance understanding of the impact of providing direct treatment for parents as part of early intervention initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Weitlauf
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Neill Broderick
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Alacia Stainbrook
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Julie Lounds Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Amy G Nicholson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madeline Santulli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristin Dorris
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Michelle Hopton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Amy Kinsman
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary Morton
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ashley Vogel
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Dykens
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - A Pablo Juárez
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zachary E Warren
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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16
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Duffus SH, Slaughter JC, Cooley W, Sharif N, Rainer K, Coate KC, Jaser SS, Moore DJ, Niswender KD, Gregory JM. A pragmatic low carbohydrate diet intervention changes neither carbohydrate consumption nor glycemia in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes in a randomized trial. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:1088-1100. [PMID: 36004391 PMCID: PMC10077495 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite enthusiasm for low carbohydrate diets (LCDs) among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), no prospective study has investigated outcomes in adolescent T1DM. We aimed to quantify a pragmatic LCD intervention's impact on glycemia, lipidemia, and quality of life (QOL) in adolescents with T1DM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At an academic center, we randomized 39 patients with T1DM aged 13-21 years to one of three 12-week interventions: an LCD, an isocaloric standard carbohydrate diet (SCD), or general diabetes education without a prescriptive diet. Glycemic outcomes included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and continuous glucose monitoring. RESULTS There were no significant differences in glycemic, lipidemic, or QOL parameters between groups at any timepoint. Median HbA1c was similar at baseline between groups and did not change appreciably (7.9%-8.4% in LCDs, 7.9%-7.9% in SCDs, and 8.2%-7.8% in controls). Change in carbohydrate consumption was minimal with only one participant reaching target carbohydrate intake. CONCLUSIONS This pragmatic LCD intervention did not alter carbohydrate consumption or glycemia. Although this study was unable to evaluate a highly controlled LCD, it indicates that adolescents are unlikely to implement an educational LCD intervention in routine clinic settings. Thus, this approach is unlikely to effectively mitigate hyperglycemia in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Duffus
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William Cooley
- School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Navila Sharif
- School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly Rainer
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katie C. Coate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah S. Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Psychology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Psychology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin M. Gregory
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Keiner ES, Slaughter JC, Datye KA, Cherrington AD, Moore DJ, Gregory JM. COVID-19 Exacerbates Insulin Resistance During Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:2406-2411. [PMID: 35944264 PMCID: PMC9649355 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among youth with type 1 diabetes is rare, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is associated with increased pediatric hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). To clarify whether the relationship between COVID-19 and DKA is coincidental or causal, we compared tissue glucose disposal (TGD) during standardized treatment for DKA between pediatric patients with COVID-19 and those without COVID-19. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively compared TGD during standardized therapy for DKA in all children with preexisting type 1 diabetes with or without COVID-19. Cases were assessed beginning with the first case of COVID-19-positive DKA on 19 June 2020 through 2 February 2022. RESULTS We identified 93 COVID-19-negative patients and 15 COVID-19-positive patients who were treated for DKA, with similar baseline characteristics between groups. Median TGD was 46% lower among patients who had COVID-19 compared with those who did not (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that COVID-19 provokes a metabolic derangement over and above factors that typically contribute to pediatric DKA. These findings underscore the significant and direct threat posed by COVID-19 in pediatric type 1 diabetes and emphasize the importance of mitigation and monitoring including through vaccination as a primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Keiner
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Karishma A Datye
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin M Gregory
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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18
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Thoner TW, Meloy MM, Long JM, Diller JR, Slaughter JC, Ogden KM. Reovirus Efficiently Reassorts Genome Segments during Coinfection and Superinfection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0091022. [PMID: 36094315 PMCID: PMC9517712 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00910-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reassortment, or genome segment exchange, increases diversity among viruses with segmented genomes. Previous studies on the limitations of reassortment have largely focused on parental incompatibilities that restrict generation of viable progeny. However, less is known about whether factors intrinsic to virus replication influence reassortment. Mammalian orthoreovirus (reovirus) encapsidates a segmented, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genome, replicates within cytoplasmic factories, and is susceptible to host antiviral responses. We sought to elucidate the influence of infection multiplicity, timing, and compartmentalized replication on reovirus reassortment in the absence of parental incompatibilities. We used an established post-PCR genotyping method to quantify reassortment frequency between wild-type and genetically barcoded type 3 reoviruses. Consistent with published findings, we found that reassortment increased with infection multiplicity until reaching a peak of efficient genome segment exchange during simultaneous coinfection. However, reassortment frequency exhibited a substantial decease with increasing time to superinfection, which strongly correlated with viral transcript abundance. We hypothesized that physical sequestration of viral transcripts within distinct virus factories or superinfection exclusion also could influence reassortment frequency during superinfection. Imaging revealed that transcripts from both wild-type and barcoded viruses frequently co-occupied factories, with superinfection time delays up to 16 h. Additionally, primary infection progressively dampened superinfecting virus transcript levels with greater time delay to superinfection. Thus, in the absence of parental incompatibilities and with short times to superinfection, reovirus reassortment proceeds efficiently and is largely unaffected by compartmentalization of replication and superinfection exclusion. However, reassortment may be limited by superinfection exclusion with greater time delays to superinfection. IMPORTANCE Reassortment, or genome segment exchange between viruses, can generate novel virus genotypes and pandemic virus strains. For viruses to reassort their genome segments, they must replicate within the same physical space by coinfecting the same host cell. Even after entry into the host cell, many viruses with segmented genomes synthesize new virus transcripts and assemble and package their genomes within cytoplasmic replication compartments. Additionally, some viruses can interfere with subsequent infection of the same host or cell. However, spatial and temporal influences on reassortment are only beginning to be explored. We found that infection multiplicity and transcript abundance are important drivers of reassortment during coinfection and superinfection, respectively, for reovirus, which has a segmented, double-stranded RNA genome. We also provide evidence that compartmentalization of transcription and packaging is unlikely to influence reassortment, but the length of time between primary and subsequent reovirus infection can alter reassortment frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W. Thoner
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Madeline M. Meloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jacob M. Long
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julia R. Diller
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen M. Ogden
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Belay W, Godown J, Chan KC, Bearl DW, George-Durrett K, Slaughter JC, Crum K, Dodd DA, Chrisant M, Hernandez L, Soslow J. Cardiac magnetic resonance diastolic indices correlate with ventricular filling pressures in pediatric heart transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14332. [PMID: 35686585 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial and ventricular filling pressures are routinely used in pediatric heart transplant (PHTx) recipients to assess graft function. We hypothesized that cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) diastolic indices correlate with filling pressures, providing a noninvasive method of hemodynamic assessment. METHODS Pediatric heart transplant recipients were prospectively enrolled at the time of cardiac catheterization. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and right atrial pressure (RAP) were measured. CMR included standard volumetric analysis. Filling curves were calculated by contouring every phase in the short-axis stack. Global longitudinal and circumferential strain (GLS, GCS) were calculated using feature tracking. Atrial volumes and ejection fraction were calculated from 4-chamber and 2-chamber cine images. Correlations were analyzed using Spearman's Rho; modeling was performed with multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 35 patients with a mean age of 15.5 years were included, 12 with acute rejection. The median time post-transplant was 6.2 years. Peak filling rate (PFR) and peak LV ejection rate/end-diastolic volume (PER/EDV) correlated with PCWP (rho = 0.48 p = .005, and rho = -0.35 p = .046, respectively) as did GLS and GCS (rho = 0.52 p = .002, and 0.40 p = .01). Indexed maximum and minimum left atrial (LA) volume correlated with PCWP (rho = 0.41, p = .01, rho = 0.41 p = .01), and LA ejection fraction inversely correlated with PCWP (rho = -0.40, p = .02). GLS and GCS correlated with RAP (rho = 0.55, p = .001 and rho = 0.43, p = .01). A model including LV GLS and PFR estimated PCWP ≥12 mmHg with an area under the curve of 0.84. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac magnetic resonance can be a useful noninvasive modality to assess for signs of diastolic dysfunction after PHTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubishet Belay
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Justin Godown
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kak-Chen Chan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - David W Bearl
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Debra A Dodd
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maryanne Chrisant
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - Lazaro Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan Soslow
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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20
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Patel DA, Goss J, Hayat M, Tombazzi C, Naik RD, Slaughter JC, Aslam M, Sarker S, Higginbotham T, Vaezi MF. Opioid Exposure Differentially Impacts Esophageal Body Contraction Over the Lower Esophageal Sphincter. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:403-410. [PMID: 35537552 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Studies with limited sample sizes have investigated association of chronic opioid use with motility disorders of esophagogastric junction and esophageal body peristalsis. Our aims were to use a large cohort of patients to assess (1) the impact of opioid exposure on clinical and manometric characteristics, and (2) the association of opioid exposure with higher long-term symptom burden. METHODS Patients recruited from a tertiary medical center who underwent high-resolution manometry (HRM) between 2007 and 2018 were included. Demographics, opiate exposure, clinical symptoms, and HRM parameters were compared. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Gastrointestinal swallowing domain (PROMIS-GI swallowing domain) and Eckardt score were administered via phone interviews in patients with hypercontractile esophagus (HE) or distal esophageal spasm (DES) to determine long-term symptom burden between opioid and nonopioid users. RESULTS Our cohort included 4075 patients (869 with opiate exposure with median morphine milligram equivalent [interquartile range] of 30 [10-45]). Patients in the opioid group were significantly more likely to have dysphagia (65% vs 51%, P < .01) and diagnosis of DES (11% vs 5%, P < .01) and HE (9% vs 3%, P < .01). Partial opioid agonists were not associated with motility abnormalities. Patients on opioids had significantly higher symptom burden on median (interquartile range) follow-up of 8.9 years (5.8-10.4) post manometric diagnosis with median PROMIS-GI swallowing domain score of 21.5 (17-25) compared with the nonopioid group at 15 (9.8-21, P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Nearly 2 of 3 patients with opioid exposure undergoing HRM have dysphagia and more than 25% of them with dysphagia as the primary symptom have a diagnosis of either DES or HE. Opioid users with spastic disorders have higher symptom burden long-term compared with nonopioid users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhyanesh A Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - James Goss
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Muhammad Hayat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Claudio Tombazzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rishi D Naik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shabnam Sarker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tina Higginbotham
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael F Vaezi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Chew JD, George-Durrett K, Acheampong B, Weiner JG, Slaughter JC, Parra DA, Soslow JH. Comparison of Strain-Encoding and Feature-Tracking Derived Myocardial Deformation Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in a Pediatric and Adult Congenital Heart Disease Cohort. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 43:1338-1348. [PMID: 35238958 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-02856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) strain can be assessed with feature-tracking (FT), which utilizes a post-processing algorithm to quantify myocardial deformation on routine cine images, and strain-encoding magnetic resonance imaging (SENC), which uses parallel magnetization tags combined with out-of-plane phase-encoding gradients to quantify deformation. Assessing agreement is critical to determine whether results can be translated between methods. We compared SENC to FT in the assessment of left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) in a cohort of pediatric and adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients. METHODS Pediatric subjects and ACHD patients underwent CMR on 1.5 T Siemens scanners, including balanced steady-state-free precession (bSSFP) cine imaging and SENC acquisitions in apical two and four chamber, left ventricular outflow tract, and short axis views. bSSFP cine imaging FT analysis was completed with Medis QStrain. Myocardial Solutions MyoStrain was used to analyze SENC. Correlation was assessed by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Agreement between techniques was assessed with concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland-Altman. RESULTS The cohort included 134 patients, 75 with congenital heart disease (56%). The median age was 16.3 years (IQR 13.7, 19.5). Median LV ejection fraction was 57% (IQR 54.4, 61.6). SENC and FT were in poor agreement for GLS (Spearman's ρ = 0.58, p < 0.001; CCC 0.24) and GCS (Spearman's ρ = 0.29, p < 0.001; CCC 0.03). CONCLUSION There was poor agreement between SENC and FT derived GLS and GCS in a cohort of pediatric and ACHD patients, suggesting that SENC and FT cannot be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Chew
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 5230, Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 5230, Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin Acheampong
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 5230, Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Weiner
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 5230, Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Parra
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 5230, Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2200 Children's Way, Suite 5230, Doctor's Office Tower, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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22
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Spann A, Coe C, Ajayi T, Montgomery G, Shwetar M, Oje A, Annis J, Slaughter JC, Alexopoulos S, Brittain E, Izzy M. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: Appraisal of the original and revised criteria in predicting posttransplant cardiac outcomes. Liver Transpl 2022; 28:1321-1331. [PMID: 35332652 PMCID: PMC9288516 DOI: 10.1002/lt.26460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality after liver transplantation (LT). Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a risk factor for CVD after transplant. CCM criteria were originally introduced in 2005 with a revision proposed in 2020 reflecting echocardiographic technology advancements. This study assesses the two criteria sets in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) after transplant. This single-center retrospective study reviewed adult LT recipients between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018. Patients with insufficient pre-LT echocardiographic data, prior ischemic heart disease, portopulmonary hypertension, or longitudinal care elsewhere were excluded. The primary composite outcome was MACE (arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiac arrest, and/or cardiac death) after transplant. Of 1165 patients, 210 met the eligibility criteria. CCM was present in 162 patients (77%) per the original criteria and 64 patients (30%) per the revised criteria. There were 44 MACE and 31 deaths in the study period. Of the deaths, 38.7% occurred secondary to CVD. CCM defined by the original criteria was not associated with MACE after LT (p = 0.21), but the revised definition was significantly associated with MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-3.56; p = 0.04) on multivariable analysis. Echocardiographic variable analysis demonstrated low septal e' as the most predictive variable for MACE after LT (HR, 3.45; p < 0.001). CCM, only when defined by the revised criteria, was associated with increased risk for MACE after LT, validating the recently revised CCM definition. Abnormal septal e', reflecting impaired relaxation, appears to be the most predictive echocardiographic criterion for MACE after LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Spann
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher Coe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Teminioluwa Ajayi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Garren Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mohammed Shwetar
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Adesola Oje
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey Annis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sophoclis Alexopoulos
- Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manhal Izzy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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23
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Pabla BS, Alex Wiles C, Slaughter JC, Scoville EA, Dalal RL, Beaulieu DB, Schwartz DA, Horst SN. Safety and Efficacy of Vedolizumab Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor α Antagonists in an Elderly IBD Population: A Single Institution Retrospective Experience. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3129-3137. [PMID: 34268660 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vedolizumab is a monoclonal antibody used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There is little known about the safety and comparative efficacy of this agent in the elderly population. AIMS Here, we present data on the safety and comparative efficacy of vedolizumab versus tumor necrosis factor α antagonists (anti-TNF) in elderly patients with IBD. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included IBD patients started on vedolizumab or anti-TNF at age 60 or older at a single tertiary IBD center. Safety was evaluated by assessing for the development of serious infection. The comparative needs for IBD-related surgery, IBD-related hospitalization, and drug discontinuation for any reason were obtained. Efficacy was assessed by comparing changes in endoscopic, histologic, and patient-report outcomes. RESULTS 212 cases were identified-108 patients treated with vedolizumab and 104 patients treated with anti-TNF. There were no significant differences between cohorts in serious infection, surgical intervention, or IBD-hospitalization-free survival (p = NS). Drug discontinuation survival was different between anti-TNF and vedolizumab (p = 0.02) with more patients remaining on vedolizumab at the time of last follow-up (51.9% vs. 25.9%). Endoscopic remission and response rates were higher in the vedolizumab versus anti-TNF group (65.7% vs. 45.2%, p = 0.02; 80.0% vs. 59.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of IBD patients over age 60, vedolizumab showed no statistically significant differences in infection, hospitalization, or surgical intervention-free survival as compared to anti-TNF. Vedolizumab was discontinued less frequently than anti-TNF. Patients on vedolizumab had higher rates of endoscopic remission and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep S Pabla
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 20500, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA.
| | - C Alex Wiles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Scoville
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 20500, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Robin L Dalal
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 20500, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Dawn B Beaulieu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 20500, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - David A Schwartz
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 20500, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Sara N Horst
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 719 Thompson Lane, Suite 20500, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
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24
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Kim C, Puterman E, Hou L, Slaughter JC, Terry JG, Wellons MF. Antimüllerian hormone and leukocyte aging markers in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:125-133. [PMID: 35610095 PMCID: PMC10598775 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether premenopausal reproductive age, as indicated by serum antimüllerian hormone (AMH), is associated with leukocyte aging biomarkers. DESIGN Prospective cohort analysis. SETTING The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study, a population-based study of Black and White adults from four US communities (Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; Oakland, CA). PATIENT(S) Premenopausal women with serum AMH measures at examination year 15 as well as leukocyte aging markers. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Telomere length, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) copy number, and intrinsic and extrinsic epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) at examination years 15, 20, and 25 as well as change between examination years. RESULT(S) Women were 40.2 (standard deviation, 3.7) years of age at examination year 15 when the AMH and initial measures of telomere length and mtDNA copy number (n = 386) were obtained and EAA occurred. After adjustment for chronological age, race, and smoking history, AMH quartile at examination year 15 was not associated with telomere length at examination years 15 and 25 or telomere length change between these years, mtDNA copy number at examination years 15 and 25 or change between these years, or intrinsic EAA at examination years 15 and 20 or change between these years. Women in the second AMH quartile had faster extrinsic EAA than women in the lowest AMH quartile (β-coefficient, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-3.49). CONCLUSION(S) In a population-based cohort, AMH did not have associations with leukocyte telomere length, mtDNA copy number, or intrinsic EAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Kim
- Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melissa F Wellons
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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25
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Axelrad JE, Faye A, Slaughter JC, Harpaz N, Itzkowitz SH, Shah SC. Colorectal Strictures in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Do Not Independently Predict Colorectal Neoplasia. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:855-861. [PMID: 34319381 PMCID: PMC9165549 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal strictures have been considered independent risk factors for neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined the association between colorectal stricture and subsequent risk of colorectal neoplasia (CRN) in patients with IBD colitis undergoing colonoscopic surveillance. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with IBD colitis enrolled in colonoscopic surveillance for CRN at an academic medical center between 2005 and 2017. Inclusion criteria were IBD involving the colon for ≥8 years (or any duration with primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC]) undergoing surveillance. Exclusion criteria were advanced CRN (ACRN; colorectal cancer [CRC] or high-grade dysplasia [HGD]) prior to or at enrollment, prior colectomy, or limited (<30%) disease extent or proctitis. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression analysis estimated the association between colorectal stricture on the index colonoscopy and ACRN, CRN (indefinite dysplasia, low-grade dysplasia, HGD, CRC), or colectomy. RESULTS Among 789 patients with IBD undergoing CRC surveillance, 72 (9%; 70 with Crohn's colitis) had a colorectal stricture on index colonoscopy. There was no significant difference in the frequency of ACRN or requirement for colectomy between patients with vs without a colorectal stricture (P > .05). Colorectal stricture was not associated with subsequent ACRN (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.41; 95% CI, 0.49-4.07), CRN (aOR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.51-2.58), or colectomy (aOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.65-1.84). CONCLUSIONS In this analysis of patients with IBD colitis undergoing CRN surveillance, the presence of a colorectal stricture was not independently associated with risk of ACRN or colectomy. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings, particularly in patients with ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Axelrad
- Division of Gastroenterology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam Faye
- Division of Gastroenterology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven H Itzkowitz
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shailja C Shah
- Section of Gastroenterology, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Gregory JM, Slaughter JC, Duffus SH, Smith TJ, LeStourgeon LM, Jaser SS, McCoy AB, Luther JM, Giovannetti ER, Boeder S, Pettus JH, Moore DJ. Erratum. COVID-19 Severity Is Tripled in the Diabetes Community: A Prospective Analysis of the Pandemic's Impact in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021;44:526-532. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1299. [PMID: 35235947 PMCID: PMC9174957 DOI: 10.2337/dc22-er05c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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27
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Soslow JH, Godown J, Bearl DW, Crum K, Slaughter JC, George-Durrett K, Chan KC, Chrisant M, Dodd D, Hernandez L. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Noninvasively Detects Rejection in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e013456. [PMID: 35350845 PMCID: PMC9018587 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.013456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Soslow
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., J.G., D.W.B., K.C., K.G.-D., D.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Justin Godown
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., J.G., D.W.B., K.C., K.G.-D., D.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David W Bearl
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., J.G., D.W.B., K.C., K.G.-D., D.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., J.G., D.W.B., K.C., K.G.-D., D.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics (J.C.S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., J.G., D.W.B., K.C., K.G.-D., D.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kak-Chen Chan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL (K.-C.C., M.C., L.H.)
| | - Maryanne Chrisant
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL (K.-C.C., M.C., L.H.)
| | - Debra Dodd
- Thomas P. Graham Jr. Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.H.S., J.G., D.W.B., K.C., K.G.-D., D.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lazaro Hernandez
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital at Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL (K.-C.C., M.C., L.H.)
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Cobb RR, Nkolola J, Gilchuk P, Chandrashekar A, Yu J, House RV, Earnhart CG, Dorsey NM, Hopkins SA, Snow DM, Chen RE, VanBlargan LA, Hechenblaickner M, Hoppe B, Collins L, Tomic MT, Nonet GH, Hackett K, Slaughter JC, Lewis MG, Andersen H, Cook A, Diamond MS, Carnahan RH, Barouch DH, Crowe JE. A combination of two human neutralizing antibodies prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in cynomolgus macaques. Med 2022; 3:188-203.e4. [PMID: 35132398 PMCID: PMC8810411 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments are promising for COVID-19 prevention or therapy. The pre-exposure prophylactic efficacy of neutralizing antibodies that are engineered with mutations to extend their persistence in human serum and the neutralizing antibody titer in serum required for protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection remain poorly characterized. METHODS The Fc region of two neutralizing mAbs (COV2-2130 and COV2-2381) targeting non-overlapping epitopes on the receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was engineered to extend their persistence in humans and reduce interactions with Fc gamma receptors. We assessed protection by individual antibodies or a combination of the two antibodies (designated ADM03820) given prophylactically by an intravenous or intramuscular route in a non-human primate (NHP) model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. FINDINGS Passive transfer of individual mAbs or ADM03820 conferred virological protection in the NHP respiratory tract in a dose-dependent manner, and ADM03820 potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in vitro. We defined a protective serum-neutralizing antibody titer and concentration in NHPs for passively transferred human antibodies that acted by direct viral neutralization. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrate that neutralizing antibodies with extended half-life and lacking Fc-mediated effector functions are efficient for pre-exposure prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in NHPs. These results support clinical development of ADM03820 for COVID-19 prevention. FUNDING This research was supported by a contract from the JPEO-CBRND (W911QY-20-9-003, 20-05); the Joint Sciences and Technology Office and Joint Program Executive Office (MCDC-16-01-002 JSTO, JPEO); a DARPA grant (HR0011-18-2-0001); an NIH grant (R01 AI157155); and the 2019 Future Insight Prize from Merck KGaA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Cobb
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jingyou Yu
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Earnhart
- Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense, US Department of Defense, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | - Nicole M Dorsey
- Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense, US Department of Defense, Frederick, MD 21703, USA
| | | | | | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura A VanBlargan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Brian Hoppe
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Laura Collins
- Ology Bioservices, Process Development and Manufacturing, Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Milan T Tomic
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda 94501, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve H Nonet
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda 94501, CA, USA
| | | | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Shing JZ, Griffin MR, Chang RS, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Sudenga SL, Slaughter JC, Pemmaraju M, Mitchel EF, Hull PC. Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Impact on Cervical Precancers in a Low-Vaccination Population. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:395-403. [PMID: 34756753 PMCID: PMC8863582 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Demonstrating human papillomavirus vaccine impact is critical for informing guidelines to increase vaccination and decrease human papillomavirus‒related outcomes, particularly in states with suboptimal vaccination coverage, such as Tennessee. This study examines the trends in high-grade cervical lesion incidence among Tennessee Medicaid-enrolled women aged 18-39 years and the subset of women who were screened for cervical cancer. METHODS Using a validated claims-based model to identify incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grades 2 or 3 or adenocarcinoma in situ events, annual age group‒specific incidence rates from Tennessee Medicaid billing data, 2008-2018, were calculated. Significant trends were determined by Joinpoint. Analyses were conducted in 2020. RESULTS From 2008 to 2018, high-grade cervical lesion incidence significantly declined in women aged 18-20 years (average annual percentage change= -31.9, 95% CI= -38.6, -24.6), 21-24 years (average annual percentage change= -12.9, 95% CI= -22.3, -2.4), and 25-29 years (average annual percentage change= -6.4, 95% CI= -8.1, -4.6). Among screened women, rates significantly declined for ages 18-20 years (average annual percentage change= -20.3, 95% CI= -25.3, -15.0), 21-24 years (average annual percentage change= -10.2, 95% CI= -12.6, -7.8), and 25-29 years (average annual percentage change= -2.6, 95% CI= -3.9, -1.2). Trends from 2008 to 2018 were stable for older age groups (30-34 and 35-39 years). CONCLUSIONS Results show reductions in high-grade cervical lesion incidence among ages most likely to have benefited from the human papillomavirus vaccine. Declines among young, screened women suggest causes other than reduction in screening. Evidence of vaccine impact in populations with low-vaccination coverage, such as Tennessee, is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Z Shing
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Marie R Griffin
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rachel S Chang
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Staci L Sudenga
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Manideepthi Pemmaraju
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Edward F Mitchel
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Pamela C Hull
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky
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Masson LE, O’Brien CM, Gautam R, Thomas G, Slaughter JC, Goldberg M, Bennett K, Herington J, Reese J, Elsamadicy E, Newton JM, Mahadevan-Jansen A. In vivo Raman spectroscopy monitors cervical change during labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:275.e1-275.e14. [PMID: 35189092 PMCID: PMC9308703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biochemical cervical change during labor is not well understood, in part, because of a dearth of technologies capable of safely probing the pregnant cervix in vivo. The need for such a technology is 2-fold: (1) to gain a mechanistic understanding of the cervical ripening and dilation process and (2) to provide an objective method for evaluating the cervical state to guide clinical decision-making. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates the potential to meet this need, as it is a noninvasive optical technique that can sensitively detect alterations in tissue components, such as extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and blood, which have been previously established to change during the cervical remodeling process. OBJECTIVE We sought to demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy can longitudinally monitor biochemical changes in the laboring cervix to identify spectral markers of impending parturition. STUDY DESIGN Overall, 30 pregnant participants undergoing either spontaneous or induced labor were recruited. The Raman spectra were acquired in vivo at 4-hour intervals throughout labor until rupture of membranes using a Raman system with a fiber-optic probe. Linear mixed-effects models were used to determine significant (P<.05) changes in peak intensities or peak ratios as a function of time to delivery in the study population. A nonnegative least-squares biochemical model was used to extract the changing contributions of specific molecule classes over time. RESULTS We detected multiple biochemical changes during labor, including (1) significant decreases in Raman spectral features associated with collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins (P=.0054) attributed to collagen dispersion, (2) an increase in spectral features associated with blood (P=.0372), and (3) an increase in features indicative of lipid-based molecules (P=.0273). The nonnegative least-squares model revealed a decrease in collagen contribution with time to delivery, an increase in blood contribution, and a change in lipid contribution. CONCLUSION Our findings have demonstrated that in vivo Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to multiple biochemical remodeling changes in the cervix during labor. Furthermore, in vivo Raman spectroscopy may be a valuable noninvasive tool for objectively evaluating the cervix to potentially guide clinical management of labor.
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Abdullahi SU, Jibir BW, Bello-Manga H, Gambo S, Inuwa H, Tijjani AG, Idris N, Galadanci A, Hikima MS, Galadanci N, Borodo A, Tabari AM, Haliru L, Suleiman A, Ibrahim J, Greene BC, Ghafuri DL, Rodeghier M, Slaughter JC, Kirkham FJ, Neville K, Kassim A, Trevathan E, Jordan LC, Aliyu MH, DeBaun MR. Hydroxyurea for primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell anaemia in Nigeria (SPRING): a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol 2022; 9:e26-e37. [PMID: 34971579 PMCID: PMC10072240 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3026(21)00368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income countries, standard care for primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell anaemia and abnormal transcranial Doppler velocities results in a 92% relative risk reduction of strokes but mandates initial monthly blood transfusion. In Africa, where regular blood transfusion is not feasible for most children, we tested the hypothesis that initial moderate-dose compared with low-dose hydroxyurea decreases the incidence of strokes for children with abnormal transcranial Doppler velocities. METHODS SPRING is a double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial of children aged 5-12 years with sickle cell anaemia with abnormal transcranial Doppler velocities conducted at three teaching hospitals in Nigeria. For randomisation, we used a permuted block allocation scheme with block sizes of four, stratified by sex and site. Allocation was concealed from all but the pharmacists and statisticians. Participants were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to low-dose (10 mg/kg per day) or moderate-dose (20 mg/kg per day) oral hydroxyurea taken once daily with monthly clinical evaluation and laboratory monitoring. The primary outcome was initial stroke or transient ischaemic attack, centrally adjudicated. The secondary outcome was all-cause hospitalisation. We used the intention-to-treat population for data analysis. The trial was stopped early for futility after a planned minimum follow-up of 3·0 years to follow-up for participants. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02560935. FINDINGS Between Aug 2, 2016, and June 14, 2018, 220 participants (median age 7·2 years [IQR 5·5-8·9]; 114 [52%] female) were randomly allocated and followed for a median of 2·4 years (IQR 2·0-2·8). All participants were Nigerian and were from the following ethnic groups: 179 (82%) people were Hausa, 25 (11%) were Fulani, and 16 (7%) identified as another ethnicity. In the low-dose hydroxyurea group, three (3%) of 109 participants had strokes, with an incidence rate of 1·19 per 100 person-years and in the moderate-dose hydroxyurea group five (5%) of 111 had strokes with an incidence rate of 1·92 per 100 person-years (incidence rate ratio 0·62 [95% CI 0·10-3·20], p=0·77). The incidence rate ratio of hospitalisation for any reason was 1·71 (95% CI 1·15-2·57, p=0·0071), with higher incidence rates per 100 person-years in the low-dose group versus the moderate-dose group (27·43 vs 16·08). No participant had hydroxyurea treatment stopped for myelosuppression. INTERPRETATION Compared with low-dose hydroxyurea therapy, participants treated with moderate-dose hydroxyurea had no difference in the stroke incidence rate. However, secondary analyses suggest that the moderate-dose group could lower incidence rates for all-cause hospitalisations. These findings provide an evidence-based guideline for the use of low-dose hydroxyurea therapy for children with sickle cell anaemia at risk of stroke. FUNDING National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehu U Abdullahi
- Department of Pediatrics, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Binta W Jibir
- Department of Pediatrics, Hasiya Bayero Pediatric Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Halima Bello-Manga
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Kaduna State University/Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Safiya Gambo
- Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hauwa Inuwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu G Tijjani
- Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Nura Idris
- Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Galadanci
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Mustapha S Hikima
- Department of Radiology, Muhammad Abdullahi Wase Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Najibah Galadanci
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Awwal Borodo
- Department of Medicine, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Abdulkadir M Tabari
- Department of Radiology, Kaduna State University, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Lawal Haliru
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaduna State University, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Suleiman
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaduna State University, Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Jamila Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics, Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Brittany C Greene
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Djamila L Ghafuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fenella J Kirkham
- Developmental Neurosciences, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Kathleen Neville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Adetola Kassim
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edwin Trevathan
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lori C Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Neurology, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Muktar H Aliyu
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael R DeBaun
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt-Meharry Center of Excellence in Sickle Cell Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Lopata SM, Slaughter JC, Gillam-Krakauer M, Reese J. The patent ductus arteriosus management debate: it's not over yet. J Perinatol 2021; 41:923-925. [PMID: 33859354 PMCID: PMC11058539 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-01059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Lopata
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Gillam-Krakauer
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeff Reese
- Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Gregory JM, Slaughter JC, Duffus SH, Smith TJ, LeStourgeon LM, Jaser SS, McCoy AB, Luther JM, Giovannetti ER, Boeder S, Pettus JH, Moore DJ. Response to Comment on Gregory et al. COVID-19 Severity Is Tripled in the Diabetes Community: A Prospective Analysis of the Pandemic's Impact in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021;44:526-532. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:e103-e104. [PMID: 33972321 PMCID: PMC8132332 DOI: 10.2337/dci21-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Gregory
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sara H Duffus
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - T Jordan Smith
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Lauren M LeStourgeon
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Sarah S Jaser
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Allison B McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - James M Luther
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Erin R Giovannetti
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Schafer Boeder
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jeremy H Pettus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Raucci FJ, Xu M, George-Durrett K, Crum K, Slaughter JC, Parra DA, Markham LW, Soslow JH. Non-contrast cardiovascular magnetic resonance detection of myocardial fibrosis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2021; 23:48. [PMID: 33910579 PMCID: PMC8082768 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-021-00736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) leads to progressive cardiomyopathy. Detection of myocardial fibrosis with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is critical for clinical management. Due to concerns of brain deposition of gadolinium, non-contrast methods for detecting and monitoring myocardial fibrosis would be beneficial. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that native T1 mapping and/or circumferential (εcc) and longitudinal (εls) strain can detect myocardial fibrosis. METHODS 156 CMRs with gadolinium were performed in 66 DMD boys and included: (1) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), (2) LGE, (3) native T1 mapping and myocardial tagging (εcc-tag measured using harmonic phase analysis). LGE was graded as: (1) presence/absence by segment, slice, and globally; (2) global severity from 0 (no LGE) to 4 (severe); (3) percent LGE using full width half maximum (FWHM). εls and εcc measured using feature tracking. Regression models to predict LGE included native T1 and either εcc-tag or εls and εcc measured at each segment, slice, and globally. RESULTS Mean age and LVEF at first CMR were 14 years and 54%, respectively. Global εls and εcc strongly predicted presence or absence of LGE (OR 2.6 [1.1, 6.0], p = 0.029, and OR 2.3 [1.0, 5.1], p = 0.049, respectively) while global native T1 did not. Global εcc, εls, and native T1 predicted global severity score (OR 2.6 [1.4, 4.8], p = 0.002, OR 2.6 [1.4, 6.0], p = 0.002, and OR 1.8 [1.1, 3.1], p = 0.025, respectively). εls correlated with change in LGE by severity score (n = 33, 3.8 [1.0, 14.2], p = 0.048) and εcc-tag correlated with change in percent LGE by FWHM (n = 34, OR 0.2 [0.1, 0.9], p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Pre-contrast sequences predict presence and severity of LGE, with εls and εcc being more predictive in most models, but there was not an observable advantage over using LVEF as a predictor. Change in LGE was predicted by εls (global severity score) and εcc-tag (FWHM). While statistically significant, our results suggest these sequences are currently not a replacement for LGE and may only have utility in a very limited subset of DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Raucci
- Thomas P Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, 1000 E. Broad St, Suite 5-344, Children's Pavilion, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA.
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Thomas P Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Thomas P Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David A Parra
- Thomas P Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Larry W Markham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Thomas P Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Orr J, Lockwood R, Gamboa A, Slaughter JC, Obstein KL, Yachimski P. Enteral Stents for Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Low Reintervention Rates for Obstruction due to Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Versus Other Etiologies. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:720-727. [PMID: 32077045 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Enteral stents (ES) have emerged as first-line therapy for the treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Stent occlusion arising from tissue ingrowth may require endoscopic or surgical reintervention. The objective of this study was to compare rates of reintervention following palliative ES for patients with GOO due to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) versus other malignant etiologies. METHODS Patients who had undergone ES for palliation of malignant GOO between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively identified and demographic, clinical, and procedural data were collected. Primary outcome was procedural reintervention for recurrent symptomatic GOO following ES placement. RESULTS Forty-three patients were included in the study cohort. 62.8% (27/43) of patients had PDAC while 37.2% (16/43) of patients had other malignant etiologies. 11.6% (5/43) of patients were alive at follow-up. Thirty-day and 90-day mortality rates were 22.8% and 70.7% for PDAC and 25% and 56.3% for other malignant etiologies, respectively. Seven patients required reintervention for symptomatic GOO: 14.3% (1/7) had PDAC and 85.7% (6/7) had GOO due to other malignancy (P < .01). Ninety-six percent (26/27) of patients with PDAC required no further intervention for GOO prior to death or end of follow-up. On multivariate analysis, patients with PDAC were significantly less likely to require reintervention than patients with other malignant etiologies (OR 0.064, 95% CI 0.01-0.60). CONCLUSION ES offer durable symptom palliation without requirement for reintervention for the overwhelming majority of patients with malignant GOO due to PDAC. Reintervention rates are higher following ES placement for GOO due to other malignant etiologies and future study may be needed to define the optimal palliative intervention for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Orr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1660 The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232-5280, USA.
| | - Robert Lockwood
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1660 The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232-5280, USA
| | - Anthony Gamboa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1660 The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232-5280, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232-5280, USA
| | - Keith L Obstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1660 The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232-5280, USA
| | - Patrick Yachimski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1660 The Vanderbilt Clinic, 1301 Medical Center Drive, Nashville, TN, 37232-5280, USA
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Lee A, Moulton D, Mckernan L, Russell A, Slaughter JC, Acra S, Walker L. Clinical Hypnosis in Pediatric Crohn's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:e63-e70. [PMID: 33538413 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to implement clinical hypnosis (CH) as an adjunctive therapy for adolescents with Crohn's disease (CD) and to assess the impact of CH on quality of life (QoL), abdominal pain, psychosocial measures, and disease activity compared with standard care. METHODS Forty adolescents with CD were randomized to a hypnosis intervention (HI) or waitlist control (WC) group. The intervention consisted of 1 in-person CH session, self-hypnosis education, and recordings for home practice. Data was collected at baseline, after the 8-week intervention, and at week 16. The primary outcome was patient- and parent-reported QoL; secondary outcomes were patient-reported abdominal pain, depression, anxiety, and sleep; school absences; and disease activity by Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index. Paired and independent t-tests were used to compare differences from baseline to postintervention within and between groups. RESULTS Forty patients (50% girls, mean 15.8 years) were enrolled from February to May 2019. Seventy-eight percent had inactive disease, and 55% had abdominal pain. Post intervention, significant improvements were noted in HI parent-reported QoL compared with WC in total score (P = 0.05), social functioning (P = 0.01), and school functioning (P = 0.04) but patient-reported QoL was unchanged. Abdominal pain severity significantly improved in HI compared with WC (P = 0.03). School absences decreased in significantly more intervention than control patients (P = 0.01). Patients who practiced self-hypnosis consistently showed a trend toward greater QoL improvement than those who did not (P = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS CH is an acceptable and feasible adjunct in CD and may improve psychosocial QoL and abdominal pain. Further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lee
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Dedrick Moulton
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Louisiana State University
| | - Lindsey Mckernan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Alexandra Russell
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | - Sari Acra
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Lynn Walker
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Portland, OR
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Gregory JM, Slaughter JC, Duffus SH, Smith TJ, LeStourgeon LM, Jaser SS, McCoy AB, Luther JM, Giovannetti ER, Boeder S, Pettus JH, Moore DJ. COVID-19 Severity Is Tripled in the Diabetes Community: A Prospective Analysis of the Pandemic's Impact in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:526-532. [PMID: 33268335 PMCID: PMC7818316 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify and contextualize the risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalization and illness severity in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify case subjects with COVID-19 across a regional health care network of 137 service locations. Using an electronic health record query, chart review, and patient contact, we identified clinical factors influencing illness severity. RESULTS We identified COVID-19 in 6,138, 40, and 273 patients without diabetes and with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Compared with not having diabetes, people with type 1 diabetes had adjusted odds ratios of 3.90 (95% CI 1.75-8.69) for hospitalization and 3.35 (95% CI 1.53-7.33) for greater illness severity, which was similar to risk in type 2 diabetes. Among patients with type 1 diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), hypertension, race, recent diabetic ketoacidosis, health insurance status, and less diabetes technology use were significantly associated with illness severity. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes status, both type 1 and type 2, independently increases the adverse impacts of COVID-19. Potentially modifiable factors (e.g., HbA1c) had significant but modest impact compared with comparatively static factors (e.g., race and insurance) in type 1 diabetes, indicating an urgent and continued need to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection risk in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Gregory
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sara H Duffus
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - T Jordan Smith
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Lauren M LeStourgeon
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Sarah S Jaser
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Allison B McCoy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - James M Luther
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Erin R Giovannetti
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Schafer Boeder
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jeremy H Pettus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Daniel J Moore
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Patrick SW, Slaughter JC, Harrell FE, Martin PR, Hartmann K, Dudley J, Stratton S, Cooper WO. Development and Validation of a Model to Predict Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. J Pediatr 2021; 229:154-160.e6. [PMID: 33080277 PMCID: PMC7855864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate clinical risk prediction tools for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). STUDY DESIGN We developed prediction models for NAS based on a set of 30 demographic and antenatal exposure covariates collected during pregnancy. Data (outpatient prescription, vital, and administrative records), were obtained from enrollees in the Tennessee Medicaid Program from 2009 to 2014. Models were created using logistic regression and backward selection based on improvement in the Akaike information criterion, and internally validated using bootstrap cross-validation. RESULTS A total of 218 020 maternal and infant dyads met inclusion criteria, of whom 3208 infants were diagnosed with NAS. The general population model included age, hepatitis C virus infection, days of opioid used by type, number of cigarettes used daily, and the following medications used in the last 30 day of pregnancy: bupropion, antinausea medicines, benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, and gabapentin. Infant characteristics included birthweight, small for gestational age, and infant sex. A high-risk model used a smaller number of predictive variables. Both models discriminated well with an area under the curve of 0.89 and were well-calibrated for low-risk infants. CONCLUSIONS We developed 2 predictive models for NAS based on demographics and antenatal exposure during the last 30 days of pregnancy that were able to risk stratify infants at risk of developing the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W. Patrick
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Mildred Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt Center Child Health Policy, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Frank E. Harrell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Peter R. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Katherine Hartmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Judith Dudley
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Shannon Stratton
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - William O. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt Center Child Health Policy, Nashville, TN
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Gillam-Krakauer M, Slaughter JC, Cotton RB, Robinson BE, Reese J, Maitre NL. Outcomes in infants < 29 weeks of gestation following single-dose prophylactic indomethacin. J Perinatol 2021; 41:109-118. [PMID: 32948814 PMCID: PMC7499931 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prophylactic indomethacin (3 doses) decreases patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants. The study aim was to determine whether single-dose indomethacin (SD-INDO) decreases PDA, IVH, and improves motor function. METHODS A retrospective cohort (2007-2014) compared infants born < 29 weeks who did (n = 299) or did not (n = 85) receive SD-INDO and estimated outcomes association with ordinal logistic regression, adjusting for multiple variables using propensity scores. RESULTS Infants who received SD-INDO were more premature (p < 0.001) but had lower odds of PDA (OR 0.26 [0.15, 0.44], p < 0.005), PDA receiving treatment (OR 0.12 [0.03, 0.47], p < 0.005), death (OR 0.41 [0.20, 0.86], p = 0.02), and CP severity (OR 0.33 [0.12, 0.89], p = 0.03). There was less IVH (OR 0.58 [0.36, 0.94], p = 0.03) when adjusted for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS SD-INDO is associated with decreased PDA and CP severity and improved survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gillam-Krakauer
- Mildred T. Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - James C. Slaughter
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Robert B. Cotton
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Mildred T. Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Blaine E. Robinson
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jeff Reese
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Mildred T. Stahlman Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Nathalie L. Maitre
- grid.240344.50000 0004 0392 3476Department of Pediatrics Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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Benninger KL, Inder TE, Goodman AM, Cotten CM, Nordli DR, Shah TA, Slaughter JC, Maitre NL. Perspectives from the Society for Pediatric Research. Neonatal encephalopathy clinical trials: developing the future. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:74-84. [PMID: 32221474 PMCID: PMC7529683 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The next phase of clinical trials in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) focuses on hypothermia adjuvant therapies targeting alternative recovery mechanisms during the process of hypoxic brain injury. Identifying infants eligible for neuroprotective therapies begins with the clinical detection of brain injury and classification of severity. Combining a variety of biomarkers (serum, clinical exam, EEG, movement patterns) with innovative clinical trial design and analyses will help target infants with the most appropriate and timely treatments. The timing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy after NE both assists in identifying the acute perinatal nature of the injury (days 3-7) and evaluates the full extent and evolution of the injury (days 10-21). Early, intermediate outcome of neuroprotective interventions may be best defined by the 21-day neuroimaging, with recognition that the full neurodevelopmental trajectory is not yet defined. An initial evaluation of each new therapy at this time point may allow higher-throughput selection of promising therapies for more extensive investigation. Functional recovery can be assessed using a trajectory of neurodevelopmental evaluations targeted to a prespecified and mechanistically derived hypothesis of drug action. As precision medicine revolutionizes healthcare, it should also include the redesign of NE clinical trials to allow safe, efficient, and targeted therapeutics. IMPACT: As precision medicine revolutionizes healthcare, it should also include the redesign of NE clinical trials to allow faster development of safe, effective, and targeted therapeutics. This article provides a multidisciplinary perspective on the future of clinical trials in NE; novel trial design; study management and oversight; biostatistical methods; and a combination of serum, imaging, and neurodevelopmental biomarkers can advance the field and improve outcomes for infants affected by NE. Innovative clinical trial designs, new intermediate trial end points, and a trajectory of neurodevelopmental evaluations targeted to a prespecified and mechanistically derived hypothesis of drug action can help address common challenges in NE clinical trials and allow for faster selection and validation of promising therapies for more extensive investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers/blood
- Biomedical Research/trends
- Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Brain Diseases/etiology
- Brain Diseases/physiopathology
- Brain Diseases/therapy
- Clinical Trials as Topic
- Consensus
- Delphi Technique
- Diffusion of Innovation
- Forecasting
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/diagnostic imaging
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/physiopathology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/therapy
- Neonatology/trends
- Neuroimaging
- Research Design/trends
- Societies, Medical
- Societies, Scientific
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Benninger
- Division of Neonatology and Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy M Goodman
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Douglas R Nordli
- Section of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tushar A Shah
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathalie L Maitre
- Division of Neonatology and Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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41
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Shing JZ, Griffin MR, Nguyen LD, Slaughter JC, Mitchel EF, Pemmaraju M, Rentuza AB, Hull PC. Improving Cervical Precancer Surveillance: Validity of Claims-Based Prediction Models in ICD-9 and ICD-10 Eras. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2020; 5:pkaa112. [PMID: 33554035 PMCID: PMC7853170 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkaa112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV) impact on cervical precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2+ [CIN2+]) is observable sooner than impact on cancer. Biopsy-confirmed CIN2+ is not included in most US cancer registries. Billing codes could provide surrogate metrics; however, the International Classification of Diseases, ninth (ICD-9) to tenth (ICD-10) transition disrupts trends. We built, validated, and compared claims-based models to identify CIN2+ events in both ICD eras. Methods A database of Davidson County (Nashville), Tennessee, pathology-confirmed CIN2+ from the HPV Vaccine Impact Monitoring Project (HPV-IMPACT) provided gold standard events. Using Tennessee Medicaid 2008-2017, cervical diagnostic procedures (N = 8549) among Davidson County women aged 18-39 years were randomly split into 60% training and 40% testing sets. Relevant diagnosis, procedure, and screening codes were used to build models from CIN2+ tissue diagnosis codes alone, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and random forest. Model-classified index events were counted to estimate incident events. Results HPV-IMPACT identified 983 incident CIN2+ events. Models identified 1007 (LASSO), 1245 (CIN2+ tissue diagnosis codes alone), and 957 (random forest) incident events. LASSO performed well in ICD-9 and ICD-10 eras: 77.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 72.5% to 81.5%) vs 81.1% (95% CI = 71.5% to 88.6%) sensitivity, 93.0% (95% CI = 91.9% to 94.0%) vs 90.2% (95% CI = 87.2% to 92.7%) specificity, 61.3% (95% CI = 56.6% to 65.8%) vs 60.3% (95% CI = 51.0% to 69.1%) positive predictive value, 96.6% (95% CI = 95.8% to 97.3%) vs 96.3% (95% CI = 94.1% to 97.8%) negative predictive value, 91.0% (95% CI = 89.9% to 92.1%) vs 88.8% (95% CI = 85.9% to 91.2%) accuracy, and 85.1% (95% CI = 82.9% to 87.4%) vs 85.6% (95% CI = 81.4% to 89.9%) C-indices, respectively; performance did not statistically significantly differ between eras (95% confidence intervals all overlapped). Conclusions Results confirmed model utility with good performance across both ICD eras for CIN2+ surveillance. Validated claims-based models may be used in future CIN2+ trend analyses to estimate HPV vaccine impact where population-based biopsies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimie Z Shing
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marie R Griffin
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Linh D Nguyen
- Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Edward F Mitchel
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manideepthi Pemmaraju
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa B Rentuza
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Pamela C Hull
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Clark DE, Parikh A, Dendy JM, Diamond AB, George-Durrett K, Fish FA, Slaughter JC, Fitch W, Hughes SG, Soslow JH. COVID-19 Myocardial Pathology Evaluation in Athletes With Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (COMPETE CMR). Circulation 2020; 143:609-612. [PMID: 33332151 PMCID: PMC7864610 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.052573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Clark
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.E.C., A.P., J.M.D., F.A.F., S.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Amar Parikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.E.C., A.P., J.M.D., F.A.F., S.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey M Dendy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.E.C., A.P., J.M.D., F.A.F., S.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Alex B Diamond
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine (A.B.D., W.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kristen George-Durrett
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas P. Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN (K.G-D., F.A.F., J.H.S.)
| | - Frank A Fish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.E.C., A.P., J.M.D., F.A.F., S.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pediatrics, Thomas P. Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN (K.G-D., F.A.F., J.H.S.)
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics (J.C.S.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Warne Fitch
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine (A.B.D., W.F.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Sean G Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (D.E.C., A.P., J.M.D., F.A.F., S.G.H.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jonathan H Soslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas P. Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN (K.G-D., F.A.F., J.H.S.)
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Rice SC, Slaughter JC, Smalley W, Obstein KL. The impact of distraction minimization on endoscopic mentoring and performance. Endosc Int Open 2020; 8:E1804-E1810. [PMID: 33269313 PMCID: PMC7671766 DOI: 10.1055/a-1265-6731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic mentoring requires active attention by the preceptor. Unfortunately, sources of distraction are abundant during endoscopic precepting. The impact of distraction minimization on endoscopic mentoring and performance is unknown. Methods Fellow and attending preceptors were paired and randomized in a prospective crossover design to perform esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and/or colonoscopy in either a "distraction minimization" (DM) or a "standard" (S) room. Cell phones, pagers, music, and computers were not permitted in DM rooms. S rooms operated under typical conditions. Fellows and attendings then completed a survey. The primary outcome was fellow satisfaction with mentoring experience (visual analogue scale: 0 = min,100 = max). Additional fellow outcomes included satisfaction of attending attentiveness, identifying landmarks, communication, and distractedness; attending outcomes included satisfaction with mentoring, attentiveness, communication, and distractedness. Endoscopic performance measures included completion of EGD, cecal intubation rate, cecal intubation time, withdrawal time, total procedure time, attending assistance, and polyp detection rate. A paired t -test was used to compare mean differences (MD) between rooms; significance set at P < 0.05. Results Eight fellows and seven attendings completed 164 procedures. Despite a trend toward less distraction between rooms (DM = 12.5 v. S = 18.3, MD = 4.1, P = 0.17), there was no difference in fellow satisfaction with training/mentoring (DM = 93, S = 93, MD = -0.04, P = 0.97), attentiveness (DM = 95, S = 92, MD = 0.86, P = 0.77), identifying pathology/landmarks (DM = 94, S = 94, MD = -1.72, P = 0.56), or communication (DM = 95, S = 95,MD = 1.0, P = 0.37). Similarly, there was no difference between rooms for any attending outcome measures or performance metrics. Conclusions DM did not improve perceived quality of endoscopic mentoring or performance for fellows or attendings; however, reduced distraction may improve attending engagement/availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C. Rice
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Walter Smalley
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States,Division of Gastroenterology, Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Keith L. Obstein
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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Maitre NL, Key AP, Slaughter JC, Yoder PJ, Neel ML, Richard C, Wallace MT, Murray MM. Neonatal Multisensory Processing in Preterm and Term Infants Predicts Sensory Reactivity and Internalizing Tendencies in Early Childhood. Brain Topogr 2020; 33:586-599. [PMID: 32785800 PMCID: PMC7429553 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-020-00791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multisensory processes include the capacity to combine information from the different senses, often improving stimulus representations and behavior. The extent to which multisensory processes are an innate capacity or instead require experience with environmental stimuli remains debated. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying multisensory processes in prematurely born and full-term infants. We recorded 128-channel event-related potentials (ERPs) from a cohort of 55 full-term and 61 preterm neonates (at an equivalent gestational age) in response to auditory, somatosensory, and combined auditory-somatosensory multisensory stimuli. Data were analyzed within an electrical neuroimaging framework, involving unsupervised topographic clustering of the ERP data. Multisensory processing in full-term infants was characterized by a simple linear summation of responses to auditory and somatosensory stimuli alone, which furthermore shared common ERP topographic features. We refer to the ERP topography observed in full-term infants as "typical infantile processing" (TIP). In stark contrast, preterm infants exhibited non-linear responses and topographies less-often characterized by TIP; there were distinct patterns of ERP topographies to multisensory and summed unisensory conditions. We further observed that the better TIP characterized an infant's ERPs, independently of prematurity, the more typical was the score on the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP) at 12 months of age and the less likely was the child to the show internalizing tendencies at 24 months of age. Collectively, these results highlight striking differences in the brain's responses to multisensory stimuli in children born prematurely; differences that relate to later sensory and internalizing functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie L Maitre
- Center for Perinatal Research at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Way, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA.
| | - Alexandra P Key
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul J Yoder
- Department of Special Education, Peabody College of Education and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mary Lauren Neel
- Center for Perinatal Research at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Céline Richard
- Center for Perinatal Research at the Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Micah M Murray
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- The Laboratory for Investigative Neurophysiology (The LINE), Department of Radiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Neuroscience Section, Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondation Asile des aveugles and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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45
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Hatch LD, Scott TA, Slaughter JC, Xu M, Smith AH, Stark AR, Patrick SW, Ely EW. Outcomes, Resource Use, and Financial Costs of Unplanned Extubations in Preterm Infants. Pediatrics 2020; 145:peds.2019-2819. [PMID: 32376726 PMCID: PMC7263047 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Unplanned extubations (UEs) in adult and pediatric populations are associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased costs. In-hospital outcomes and costs of UE in the NICU are not reported. Our objective was to determine the association of UE with clinical outcomes and costs in very-low-birth-weight infants. METHODS We performed a retrospective matched cohort study in our level 4 NICU from 2014 to 2016. Very-low-birth-weight infants without congenital anomalies admitted by 72 hours of age, who received mechanical ventilation (MV), were included. Cases (+UE) were matched 1:1 with controls (-UE) on the basis of having an equivalent MV duration at the time of UE in the case, gestational age, and Clinical Risk Index for Babies score. We compared MV days after UE in cases or the equivalent date in controls (postmatching MV), in-hospital morbidities, and hospital costs between the matched pairs using raw and adjusted analyses. RESULTS Of 345 infants who met inclusion criteria, 58 had ≥1 UE, and 56 out of 58 (97%) were matched with appropriate controls. Postmatching MV was longer in cases than controls (median: 12.5 days; interquartile range [IQR]: 7 to 25.8 vs median 6 days; IQR: 2 to 12.3; adjusted odds ratio: 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-9.5). Inflation-adjusted total hospital costs were higher in cases (median difference: $49 587; IQR: -15 063 to 119 826; adjusted odds ratio: 3.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.6-8.9). CONCLUSIONS UEs in preterm infants are associated with worse outcomes and increased hospital costs. Improvements in UE rates in NICUs may improve clinical outcomes and lower hospital costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Dupree Hatch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics,,Center for Child Health Policy, and,Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Theresa A. Scott
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics,,Center for Child Health Policy, and
| | | | | | - Andrew H. Smith
- Divisions of Cardiology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and
| | - Ann R. Stark
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Stephen W. Patrick
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics,,Center for Child Health Policy, and
| | - E. Wesley Ely
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Center for Health Services Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;,Tennessee Valley Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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46
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Adams DW, Patel D, Evers L, Slaughter JC, Higginbotham T, Vaezi M. Measurements of Duodenal Mucosal Integrity Are Altered in Celiac Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:1641-1642. [PMID: 31351133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered barrier function is a part of celiac disease (CeD) pathophysiology that we currently cannot reliably measure. Catheter-based mucosal integrity (MI) is an endoscopic technology that has identified altered esophageal barrier function in esophageal disease.1 The aim of this study was to evaluate feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of measuring duodenal integrity with an MI catheter in patients with and without CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn W Adams
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Dhyanesh Patel
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Lauren Evers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James C Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tina Higginbotham
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael Vaezi
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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47
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Powell LA, Fox JM, Kose N, Kim AS, Majedi M, Bombardi R, Carnahan RH, Slaughter JC, Morrison TE, Diamond MS, Crowe JE. Human monoclonal antibodies against Ross River virus target epitopes within the E2 protein and protect against disease. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008517. [PMID: 32365139 PMCID: PMC7252634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ross River fever is a mosquito-transmitted viral disease that is endemic to Australia and the surrounding Pacific Islands. Ross River virus (RRV) belongs to the arthritogenic group of alphaviruses, which largely cause disease characterized by debilitating polyarthritis, rash, and fever. There is no specific treatment or licensed vaccine available, and the mechanisms of protective humoral immunity in humans are poorly understood. Here, we describe naturally occurring human mAbs specific to RRV, isolated from subjects with a prior natural infection. These mAbs potently neutralize RRV infectivity in cell culture and block infection through multiple mechanisms, including prevention of viral attachment, entry, and fusion. Some of the most potently neutralizing mAbs inhibited binding of RRV to Mxra8, a recently discovered alpahvirus receptor. Epitope mapping studies identified the A and B domains of the RRV E2 protein as the major antigenic sites for the human neutralizing antibody response. In experiments in mice, these mAbs were protective against cinical disease and reduced viral burden in multiple tissues, suggesting a potential therapeutic use for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Powell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Julie M. Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Arthur S. Kim
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mahsa Majedi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robin Bombardi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James. E. Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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48
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Jaser SS, Hamburger ER, Bergner EM, Williams R, Slaughter JC, Simmons JH, Malow BA. Sleep coach intervention for teens with type 1 diabetes: Randomized pilot study. Pediatr Diabetes 2020; 21:473-478. [PMID: 32003520 PMCID: PMC7670490 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teens with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience increased sleep disturbances, which have been linked to problems with adherence and glycemic control. As such, sleep represents a novel target to improve outcomes in teens. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a sleep-promoting intervention in teens with T1D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Teens aged 13 to 17 with T1D (n = 39) completed measures of sleep quality and diabetes management and wore actigraphs to obtain an objective measure of sleep. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) was collected from medical records. Teens were randomized to Usual Care (n = 19) or the Sleep Coach intervention (n = 20). Teens in the Sleep Coach group received educational materials on healthy sleep habits and completed three individual telephone sessions. Follow-up data were collected at 3 months, including exit interviews with teens and parents. RESULTS Feasibility of the study was excellent; 80% of teens in the Sleep Coach group completed all three sessions, and retention was high (90%). Based on actigraphy data, a significant improvement in sleep efficiency and sleep duration was observed (48-minute increase) among teens randomized to the Sleep Coach intervention, and teens in the control group were 7.5 times more likely to report poor sleep quality after 3 months than intervention participants. No change in HbA1c was observed. CONCLUSIONS The Sleep Coach intervention for teens with T1D is a feasible and acceptable program that increased sleep duration and improved sleep quality for this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Jaser
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
| | - Emily R. Hamburger
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
| | - Erin M. Bergner
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
| | - Rodayne Williams
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
| | - Jill H. Simmons
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
| | - Beth A. Malow
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville Tennessee
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49
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Killian M, Buchowski MS, Donnelly T, Burnette WB, Markham LW, Slaughter JC, Xu M, Crum K, Damon BM, Soslow JH. Beyond ambulation: Measuring physical activity in youth with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 30:277-282. [PMID: 32291149 PMCID: PMC7234926 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) develop skeletal muscle weakness and cardiomyopathy. Validated skeletal muscle outcome measures are limited to ambulatory patients, but most DMD patients in cardiac trials are non-ambulatory. New objective functional assessments are needed. This study's objective was to assess the correlation and longitudinal change of two measures: quantitative muscle testing (QMT) and accelerometry. Patients with DMD were prospectively enrolled and underwent QMT and wore wrist and ankle accelerometers for seven days at baseline, 1-, and 2-years. QMT measures were indexed to age. Accelerometer recordings were total vector magnitudes and awake vector magnitude. Correlations were assessed using a Spearman correlation, and longitudinal change was evaluated using a paired t-test or a Wilcoxon signed rank test. Forty-eight participants were included. QMT and accelerometry measures had a moderate or strong correlation, particularly indexed arm QMT with total wrist vector magnitude (rho=0.85, p<0.001), total indexed QMT with total wrist vector magnitude (rho=0.8, p<0.001) and indexed leg QMT with total ankle vector magnitude (rho=0.69, p<0.001). QMT and accelerometry measures declined significantly over time. Accelerometry correlates with QMT and indexed QMT in boys with DMD. A combination of QMT and accelerometry may provide a complementary assessment of skeletal muscle function in non-ambulatory boys with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Killian
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Maciej S. Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Thomas Donnelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - W. Bryan Burnette
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Larry W. Markham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana Health, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kimberly Crum
- Thomas P Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Bruce M. Damon
- Departments of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Jonathan H. Soslow
- Thomas P Graham Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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50
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Duffus SH, Ta’ani ZA, Slaughter JC, Niswender KD, Gregory JM. Increased proportion of time in hybrid closed-loop "Auto Mode" is associated with improved glycaemic control for adolescent and young patients with adult type 1 diabetes using the MiniMed 670G insulin pump. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:688-693. [PMID: 31709736 PMCID: PMC7549138 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The Medtronic MiniMed 670G system delivers insulin to patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) using either its hybrid closed-loop (HCL) "Auto Mode" feature or an open-loop mode. In this retrospective, cross-sectional analysis, we quantified the association between time in Auto Mode and both haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and time in range (TIR, sensor glucose 70-180 mg/dL) among 96 paediatric and young adult patients with T1DM. The median percentage time in Auto Mode was 38.5% (interquartile range 0%-64%). The percentage time in Auto Mode significantly correlated with HbA1c after adjustment for covariables (β = -0.008, P = 0.014). Each daily 3.4-h increase in Auto Mode time was associated with a 0.1% decrease in HbA1c. Auto Mode time was also correlated with TIR after adjustment for covariables (β = 0.14, P = 0.02): for each daily 8.6-h increase in Auto Mode time, TIR increased by 5%. While Auto Mode use was low, increased time in Auto Mode was associated with a significantly lower HbA1c and increased TIR. These findings emphasize the importance of identifying strategies to improve the ease of use of HCL systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H. Duffus
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | | | - James C. Slaughter
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kevin D. Niswender
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Tennessee, United States
| | - Justin M Gregory
- Ian M. Burr Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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