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Wang H, Ciais P, Sitch S, Green JK, Tao S, Fu Z, Albergel C, Bastos A, Wang M, Fawcett D, Frappart F, Li X, Liu X, Li S, Wigneron JP. Anthropogenic disturbance exacerbates resilience loss in the Amazon rainforests. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17006. [PMID: 37909670 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering the mechanisms that lead to Amazon forest resilience variations is crucial to predict the impact of future climatic and anthropogenic disturbances. Here, we apply a previously used empirical resilience metrics, lag-1 month temporal autocorrelation (TAC), to vegetation optical depth data in C-band (a good proxy of the whole canopy water content) in order to explore how forest resilience variations are impacted by human disturbances and environmental drivers in the Brazilian Amazon. We found that human disturbances significantly increase the risk of critical transitions, and that the median TAC value is ~2.4 times higher in human-disturbed forests than that in intact forests, suggesting a much lower resilience in disturbed forests. Additionally, human-disturbed forests are less resilient to land surface heat stress and atmospheric water stress than intact forests. Among human-disturbed forests, forests with a more closed and thicker canopy structure, which is linked to a higher forest cover and a lower disturbance fraction, are comparably more resilient. These results further emphasize the urgent need to limit deforestation and degradation through policy intervention to maintain the resilience of the Amazon rainforests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Julia K Green
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Shengli Tao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Mengjia Wang
- School of Geoscience and Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dominic Fawcett
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Frappart
- INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Xiaojun Li
- INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Xiangzhuo Liu
- INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, Université de Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Tucker C, Brandt M, Hiernaux P, Kariryaa A, Rasmussen K, Small J, Igel C, Reiner F, Melocik K, Meyer J, Sinno S, Romero E, Glennie E, Fitts Y, Morin A, Pinzon J, McClain D, Morin P, Porter C, Loeffler S, Kergoat L, Issoufou BA, Savadogo P, Wigneron JP, Poulter B, Ciais P, Kaufmann R, Myneni R, Saatchi S, Fensholt R. Sub-continental-scale carbon stocks of individual trees in African drylands. Nature 2023; 615:80-86. [PMID: 36859581 PMCID: PMC9977681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales1-14. This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems15-18. We assessed more than 9.9 billion trees derived from more than 300,000 satellite images, covering semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa north of the Equator. We attributed wood, foliage and root carbon to every tree in the 0-1,000 mm year-1 rainfall zone by coupling field data19, machine learning20-22, satellite data and high-performance computing. Average carbon stocks of individual trees ranged from 0.54 Mg C ha-1 and 63 kg C tree-1 in the arid zone to 3.7 Mg C ha-1 and 98 kg tree-1 in the sub-humid zone. Overall, we estimated the total carbon for our study area to be 0.84 (±19.8%) Pg C. Comparisons with 14 previous TRENDY numerical simulation studies23 for our area found that the density and carbon stocks of scattered trees have been underestimated by three models and overestimated by 11 models, respectively. This benchmarking can help understand the carbon cycle and address concerns about land degradation24-29. We make available a linked database of wood mass, foliage mass, root mass and carbon stock of each tree for scientists, policymakers, dryland-restoration practitioners and farmers, who can use it to estimate farmland tree carbon stocks from tablets or laptops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Compton Tucker
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
| | - Martin Brandt
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pierre Hiernaux
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
- Pastoralisme Conseil, Caylus, France.
| | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Small
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine Melocik
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Meyer
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Scott Sinno
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Eric Romero
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Erin Glennie
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Yasmin Fitts
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - August Morin
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jorge Pinzon
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Devin McClain
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Paul Morin
- Learning and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Claire Porter
- Learning and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Shane Loeffler
- Learning and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Laurent Kergoat
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Robert Kaufmann
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga Myneni
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Bueso D, Piles M, Ciais P, Wigneron JP, Moreno-Martínez Á, Camps-Valls G. Soil and vegetation water content identify the main terrestrial ecosystem changes. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad026. [PMID: 37056438 PMCID: PMC10089587 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Environmental change is a consequence of many interrelated factors. How vegetation responds to natural and human activity still needs to be well established, quantified, and understood. Recent satellite missions providing hydrologic and ecological indicators enable better monitoring of Earth system changes, yet there is no automatic way to address this issue directly from observations. Here, we develop an observation-based methodology to capture evidence of changes in global terrestrial ecosystems and attribute these changes to natural or anthropogenic activity. We use the longest time record of global microwave L-band soil moisture (SM) and vegetation optical depth (VOD) as satellite data and build spatially-explicit maps of change in soil and vegetation water content and biomass reflecting large ecosystem changes during the last decade, 2010-2020. Regions of prominent trends (from -8% to 9% per year) are observed, especially in humid and semi-arid climates. We further combine such trends with land cover change maps, vegetation greenness, and precipitation variability to assess their relationship with major documented ecosystem changes. Several regions emerge from our results. They cluster changes according to human activity drivers, including deforestation (Amazon, Central Africa) and wildfires (East Australia), artificial reforestation (South-East China), abandonment of farm fields (Central Russia), and climate shifts related to changes in precipitation variability (East Africa, North America, and Central Argentina). Using the high sensitivity of soil and vegetation water content to ecosystem changes, microwave satellite observations enable us to quantify and attribute global vegetation responses to climate or anthropogenic activities as a direct measure of environmental changes and the mechanisms driving them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Bueso
- Image Processing Laboratory , Universitat de Valéncia, Spain
| | - Maria Piles
- Image Processing Laboratory , Universitat de Valéncia, Spain
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement Université Paris Saclay , France
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4
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Fu Z, Ciais P, Feldman AF, Gentine P, Makowski D, Prentice IC, Stoy PC, Bastos A, Wigneron JP. Critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress in terrestrial ecosystems. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq7827. [PMID: 36332021 PMCID: PMC9635832 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant water stress occurs at the point when soil moisture (SM) limits transpiration, defining a critical SM threshold (θcrit). Knowledge of the spatial distribution of θcrit is crucial for future projections of climate and water resources. Here, we use global eddy covariance observations to quantify θcrit and evaporative fraction (EF) regimes. Three canonical variables describe how EF is controlled by SM: the maximum EF (EFmax), θcrit, and slope (S) between EF and SM. We find systematic differences of these three variables across biomes. Variation in θcrit, S, and EFmax is mostly explained by soil texture, vapor pressure deficit, and precipitation, respectively, as well as vegetation structure. Dryland ecosystems tend to operate at low θcrit and show adaptation to water deficits. The negative relationship between θcrit and S indicates that dryland ecosystems minimize θcrit through mechanisms of sustained SM extraction and transport by xylem. Our results further suggest an optimal adaptation of local EF-SM response that maximizes growing-season evapotranspiration and photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrew F. Feldman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Sciences Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - David Makowski
- Unit Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (UMR 518), INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - I. Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Paul C. Stoy
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Wigneron
- ISPA, INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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5
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Wang H, Yan S, Ciais P, Wigneron JP, Liu L, Li Y, Fu Z, Ma H, Liang Z, Wei F, Wang Y, Li S. Exploring complex water stress-gross primary production relationships: Impact of climatic drivers, main effects, and interactive effects. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:4110-4123. [PMID: 35429206 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The dominance of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and soil water content (SWC) for plant water stress is still under debate. These two variables are strongly coupled and influenced by climatic drivers. The impacts of climatic drivers on the relationships between gross primary production (GPP) and water stress from VPD/SWC and the interaction between VPD and SWC are not fully understood. Here, applying statistical methods and extreme gradient boosting models-Shapley additive explanations framework to eddy-covariance observations from the global FLUXNET2015 data set, we found that the VPD-GPP relationship was strongly influenced by climatic interactions and that VPD was more important for plant water stress than SWC across most plant functional types when we removed the effect of main climatic drivers, e.g. air temperature, incoming shortwave radiation and wind speed. However, we found no evidence for a significant influence of elevated CO2 on stress alleviation, possibly because of the short duration of the records (approximately one decade). Additionally, the interactive effect between VPD and SWC differed from their individual effect. When SWC was high, the SHAP interaction value of SWC and VPD on GPP was decreased with increasing VPD, but when SWC was low, the trend was the opposite. Additionally, we revealed a threshold effect for VPD stress on GPP loss; above the threshold value, the stress on GPP was flattened off. Our results have important implications for independently identifying VPD and SWC limitations on plant productivity, which is meaningful for capturing the magnitude of ecosystem responses to water stress in dynamic global vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INRAE, UMR1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Shijie Yan
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Laibao Liu
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hongliang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping, and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Liang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feili Wei
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueyao Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
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6
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Fu Z, Ciais P, Makowski D, Bastos A, Stoy PC, Ibrom A, Knohl A, Migliavacca M, Cuntz M, Šigut L, Peichl M, Loustau D, El-Madany TS, Buchmann N, Gharun M, Janssens I, Markwitz C, Grünwald T, Rebmann C, Mölder M, Varlagin A, Mammarella I, Kolari P, Bernhofer C, Heliasz M, Vincke C, Pitacco A, Cremonese E, Foltýnová L, Wigneron JP. Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:2111-2123. [PMID: 34927310 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the critical soil moisture (SM) threshold (θcrit ) of plant water stress and land surface energy partitioning is a basis to evaluate drought impacts and improve models for predicting future ecosystem condition and climate. Quantifying the θcrit across biomes and climates is challenging because observations of surface energy fluxes and SM remain sparse. Here, we used the latest database of eddy covariance measurements to estimate θcrit across Europe by evaluating evaporative fraction (EF)-SM relationships and investigating the covariance between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and gross primary production (GPP) during SM dry-down periods. We found that the θcrit and soil matric potential threshold in Europe are 16.5% and -0.7 MPa, respectively. Surface energy partitioning characteristics varied among different vegetation types; EF in savannas had the highest sensitivities to SM in water-limited stage, and the lowest in forests. The sign of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP consistently changed from positive to negative during dry-down across all sites when EF shifted from relatively high to low values. This sign of the covariance changed after longer period of SM decline in forests than in grasslands and savannas. Estimated θcrit from the VPD-GPP covariance method match well with the EF-SM method, showing this covariance method can be used to detect the θcrit . We further found that soil texture dominates the spatial variability of θcrit while shortwave radiation and VPD are the major drivers in determining the spatial pattern of EF sensitivities. Our results highlight for the first time that the sign change of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP can be used as an indicator of how ecosystems transition from energy to SM limitation. We also characterized the corresponding θcrit and its drivers across diverse ecosystems in Europe, an essential variable to improve the representation of water stress in land surface models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Makowski
- Unit Applied Mathematics and Computer Science (UMR 518), INRAE AgroParisTech Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul C Stoy
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirco Migliavacca
- Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Silva, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Ladislav Šigut
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Denis Loustau
- ISPA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Tarek S El-Madany
- Department Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christian Markwitz
- Bioclimatology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Grünwald
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universit ̈at Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Corinna Rebmann
- Department Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Meelis Mölder
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrej Varlagin
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Bernhofer
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology, Technische Universit ̈at Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michal Heliasz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caroline Vincke
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Edoardo Cremonese
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Protection Agency of Aosta Valley, Saint Christophe, Italy
| | - Lenka Foltýnová
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Liu L, Chen X, Ciais P, Yuan W, Maignan F, Wu J, Piao S, Wang YP, Wigneron JP, Fan L, Gentine P, Yang X, Gong F, Liu H, Wang C, Tang X, Yang H, Ye Q, He B, Shang J, Su Y. Tropical tall forests are more sensitive and vulnerable to drought than short forests. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:1583-1595. [PMID: 34854168 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our limited understanding of the impacts of drought on tropical forests significantly impedes our ability in accurately predicting the impacts of climate change on this biome. Here, we investigated the impact of drought on the dynamics of forest canopies with different heights using time-series records of remotely sensed Ku-band vegetation optical depth (Ku-VOD), a proxy of top-canopy foliar mass and water content, and separated the signal of Ku-VOD changes into drought-induced reductions and subsequent non-drought gains. Both drought-induced reductions and non-drought increases in Ku-VOD varied significantly with canopy height. Taller tropical forests experienced greater relative Ku-VOD reductions during drought and larger non-drought increases than shorter forests, but the net effect of drought was more negative in the taller forests. Meta-analysis of in situ hydraulic traits supports the hypothesis that taller tropical forests are more vulnerable to drought stress due to smaller xylem-transport safety margins. Additionally, Ku-VOD of taller forests showed larger reductions due to increased atmospheric dryness, as assessed by vapor pressure deficit, and showed larger gains in response to enhanced water supply than shorter forests. Including the height-dependent variation of hydraulic transport in ecosystem models will improve the simulated response of tropical forests to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Xiuzhi Chen
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Wenping Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Jin Wu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Lei Fan
- Chongqing Jinfo Mountain Karst Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth & Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanxi Gong
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Tang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Qing Ye
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiali Shang
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongxian Su
- Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Al-Yaari A, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Reichstein M, Ballantyne A, Ogée J, Ducharne A, Swenson JJ, Frappart F, Fan L, Wingate L, Li X, Hufkens K, Knapp AK. Asymmetric responses of ecosystem productivity to rainfall anomalies vary inversely with mean annual rainfall over the conterminous United States. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6959-6973. [PMID: 32902073 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The CONterminous United States (CONUS) presents a large range of climate conditions and biomes where terrestrial primary productivity and its inter-annual variability are controlled regionally by rainfall and/or temperature. Here, the response of ecosystem productivity to those climate variables was investigated across different biomes from 2010 to 2018 using three climate datasets of precipitation, air temperature or drought severity, combined with several proxies of ecosystem productivity: a remote sensing product of aboveground biomass, an net primary productivity (NPP) remote sensing product, an NPP model-based product and four gross primary productivity products. We used an asymmetry index (AI) where positive AI indicates a greater increase of ecosystem productivity in wet years compared to the decline in dry years, and negative AI indicates a greater decline of ecosystem productivity in dry years compared to the increase in wet years. We found consistent spatial patterns of AI across the CONUS for the different products, with negative asymmetries over the Great Plains and positive asymmetries over the southwestern CONUS. Shrubs and, to a lesser extent, evergreen forests show a persistent positive asymmetry, whilst (natural) grasslands appear to have transitioned from positive to negative anomalies during the last decade. The general tendency of dominant negative asymmetry response for ecosystem productivity across the CONUS appears to be influenced by the negative asymmetry of precipitation anomalies. AI was found to be a function of mean rainfall: more positive AIs were found in dry areas where plants are adapted to drought and take advantage of rainfall pulses, and more negative AIs were found in wet areas, with a threshold delineating the two regimes corresponding to a mean annual rainfall of 200-400 mm/year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, IPSL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Markus Reichstein
- Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Ashley Ballantyne
- W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation Global Climate and Ecology Laboratory, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Jerome Ogée
- INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | | | | | - Lei Fan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Lisa Wingate
- INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Xiaojun Li
- INRAE, Université de Bordeaux, UMR1391 ISPA, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Koen Hufkens
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alan K Knapp
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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9
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Wigneron JP, Fan L, Ciais P, Bastos A, Brandt M, Chave J, Saatchi S, Baccini A, Fensholt R. Tropical forests did not recover from the strong 2015-2016 El Niño event. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay4603. [PMID: 32076648 PMCID: PMC7002128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe drought and extreme heat associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño event have led to large carbon emissions from the tropical vegetation to the atmosphere. With the return to normal climatic conditions in 2017, tropical forest aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks are expected to partly recover due to increased productivity, but the intensity and spatial distribution of this recovery are unknown. We used low-frequency microwave satellite data (L-VOD) to feature precise monitoring of AGC changes and show that the AGC recovery of tropical ecosystems was slow and that by the end of 2017, AGC had not reached predrought levels of 2014. From 2014 to 2017, tropical AGC stocks decreased by1.3 1.2 1.5 Pg C due to persistent AGC losses in Africa (- 0.9 - 1.1 - 0.8 Pg C) and America (- 0.5 - 0.6 - 0.4 Pg C). Pantropically, drylands recovered their carbon stocks to pre-El Niño levels, but African and American humid forests did not, suggesting carryover effects from enhanced forest mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Wigneron
- ISPA, UMR 1391, Inrae Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Grande Ferrade, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lei Fan
- ISPA, UMR 1391, Inrae Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Grande Ferrade, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jérome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique, Bâtiment 4R3 Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandro Baccini
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540-1644, USA
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Tagesson T, Schurgers G, Horion S, Ciais P, Tian F, Brandt M, Ahlström A, Wigneron JP, Ardö J, Olin S, Fan L, Wu Z, Fensholt R. Recent divergence in the contributions of tropical and boreal forests to the terrestrial carbon sink. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:202-209. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Fan L, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Chave J, Brandt M, Fensholt R, Saatchi SS, Bastos A, Al-Yaari A, Hufkens K, Qin Y, Xiao X, Chen C, Myneni RB, Fernandez-Moran R, Mialon A, Rodriguez-Fernandez NJ, Kerr Y, Tian F, Peñuelas J. Satellite-observed pantropical carbon dynamics. Nat Plants 2019; 5:944-951. [PMID: 31358958 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in terrestrial tropical carbon stocks have an important role in the global carbon budget. However, current observational tools do not allow accurate and large-scale monitoring of the spatial distribution and dynamics of carbon stocks1. Here, we used low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations to compute a direct and spatially explicit quantification of annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes and show that the tropical net AGC budget was approximately in balance during 2010 to 2017, the net budget being composed of gross losses of -2.86 PgC yr-1 offset by gross gains of -2.97 PgC yr-1 between continents. Large interannual and spatial fluctuations of tropical AGC were quantified during the wet 2011 La Niña year and throughout the extreme dry and warm 2015-2016 El Niño episode. These interannual fluctuations, controlled predominantly by semiarid biomes, were shown to be closely related to independent global atmospheric CO2 growth-rate anomalies (Pearson's r = 0.86), highlighting the pivotal role of tropical AGC in the global carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sassan S Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Amen Al-Yaari
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Koen Hufkens
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yuanwei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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12
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Quets J, De Lannoy GJM, Al Yaari A, Chan S, Cosh MH, Gruber A, Reichle RH, Van der Schalie R, Wigneron JP. Uncertainty in Soil Moisture Retrievals: an Ensemble Approach using SMOS L-Band Microwave Data. Remote Sens Environ 2019; 229:133-147. [PMID: 31359890 PMCID: PMC6662224 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The uncertainty of surface soil moisture (SM) retrievals from satellite brightness temperature (TB) observations depends primarily on the choice of radiative transfer model (RTM) parameters, prior SM information and TB inputs. This paper studies the sensitivity of several established and experimental SM retrieval products from the Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission to these choices at 11 reference sites, located in 7 watersheds across the United States (US). Different RTM parameter sets cause large biases between retrievals. Whereas typical RTM parameter sets are calibrated for SM retrievals, it is shown that a parameter set carefully optimized for TB forward modeling can also be used for retrieving SM. It is also shown that the inclusion of dynamic prior SM estimates in a Bayesian retrieval scheme can strongly improve SM retrievals, regardless of the choice of RTM parameters. The second part of this paper evaluates the ensemble uncertainty metrics for SM retrievals obtained by propagating a wide range of RTM parameters through the RTM, and the relationship with time series metrics obtained by comparing SM retrievals with in situ data. As expected for bounded variables, the total spread in the ensemble SM retrievals is smallest for wet and dry SM values and highest for intermediate SM values. After removal of the strong long-term SM bias associated with the RTM parameter values for individual ensemble members, the remaining anomaly ensemble SM spread shows higher values when SM deviates further from its long-term mean SM. This reveals higher-order biases (e.g. differences in variances) in the retrieval error, which should be considered when characterizing retrieval error. The time-average anomaly ensemble SM spread of 0.037 m3/m3 approximates the actual time series unbiased root-mean-square-difference of 0.042 m3/m3 between ensemble mean retrievals and in situ data across the reference sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Quets
- KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | - Steven Chan
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA
| | - Michael H. Cosh
- USDA Agricultural Research Service-Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Alexander Gruber
- KU Leuven, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Rolf H. Reichle
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
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13
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Brandt M, Hiernaux P, Rasmussen K, Tucker CJ, Wigneron JP, Diouf AA, Herrmann SM, Zhang W, Kergoat L, Mbow C, Abel C, Auda Y, Fensholt R. Changes in rainfall distribution promote woody foliage production in the Sahel. Commun Biol 2019; 2:133. [PMID: 31044158 PMCID: PMC6478729 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dryland ecosystems comprise a balance between woody and herbaceous vegetation. Climate change impacts rainfall timing, which may alter the respective contributions of woody and herbaceous plants on the total vegetation production. Here, we apply 30 years of field-measured woody foliage and herbaceous mass from Senegal and document a faster increase in woody foliage mass (+17 kg ha-1 yr-1) as compared to herbaceous mass (+3 kg ha-1 yr-1). Annual rainfall trends were partitioned into core wet-season rains (+0.7 mm yr-1), supporting a weak but periodic (5-year cycles) increase in herbaceous mass, and early/late rains (+2.1 mm yr-1), explaining the strongly increased woody foliage mass. Satellite observations confirm these findings for the majority of the Sahel, with total herbaceous/woody foliage mass increases by 6%/20%. We conclude that the rainfall recovery in the Sahel does not benefit herbaceous vegetation to the same extent as woody vegetation, presumably favoured by increased early/late rains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Hiernaux
- Pastoralisme Conseil, 30 chemin de Jouanal, 82160 Caylus, France
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Compton J. Tucker
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 610.9, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | | | | | - Stefanie M. Herrmann
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurent Kergoat
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Cheikh Mbow
- START International Inc., 2000 Florida Ave NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA
| | - Christin Abel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yves Auda
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Bastos A, Friedlingstein P, Sitch S, Chen C, Mialon A, Wigneron JP, Arora VK, Briggs PR, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Chevallier F, Cheng L, Delire C, Haverd V, Jain AK, Joos F, Kato E, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Melton JR, Myneni R, Nabel JEMS, Pongratz J, Poulter B, Rödenbeck C, Séférian R, Tian H, van Eck C, Viovy N, Vuichard N, Walker AP, Wiltshire A, Yang J, Zaehle S, Zeng N, Zhu D. Impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial carbon cycle constrained by bottom-up and top-down approaches. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2017.0304. [PMID: 30297465 PMCID: PMC6178442 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the response of the land carbon sink to the anomalies in temperature and drought imposed by El Niño events provides insights into the present-day carbon cycle and its climate-driven variability. It is also a necessary step to build confidence in terrestrial ecosystems models' response to the warming and drying stresses expected in the future over many continents, and particularly in the tropics. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to the 2015/2016 El Niño that imposed extreme warming and dry conditions in the tropics and other sensitive regions. First, we provide a synthesis of the spatio-temporal evolution of anomalies in net land–atmosphere CO2 fluxes estimated by two in situ measurements based on atmospheric inversions and 16 land-surface models (LSMs) from TRENDYv6. Simulated changes in ecosystem productivity, decomposition rates and fire emissions are also investigated. Inversions and LSMs generally agree on the decrease and subsequent recovery of the land sink in response to the onset, peak and demise of El Niño conditions and point to the decreased strength of the land carbon sink: by 0.4–0.7 PgC yr−1 (inversions) and by 1.0 PgC yr−1 (LSMs) during 2015/2016. LSM simulations indicate that a decrease in productivity, rather than increase in respiration, dominated the net biome productivity anomalies in response to ENSO throughout the tropics, mainly associated with prolonged drought conditions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The impact of the 2015/2016 El Niño on the terrestrial tropical carbon cycle: patterns, mechanisms and implications’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich D-80333, Germany .,Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Vivek K Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8W2Y2
| | - Peter R Briggs
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Christine Delire
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, CNRM, Unité 3589 CNRS/Meteo-France/Université Fédérale de Toulouse, Av G Coriolis, Toulouse 31057, France
| | - Vanessa Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Fortunat Joos
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Etsushi Kato
- Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Minato, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
| | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- Climate and Global Dynamics Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - Joe R Melton
- Climate Processes Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada V8W2Y2
| | - Ranga Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Julia Pongratz
- Department of Geography, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Luisenstr. 37, Munich D-80333, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20816, USA
| | | | - Roland Séférian
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, CNRM, Unité 3589 CNRS/Meteo-France/Université Fédérale de Toulouse, Av G Coriolis, Toulouse 31057, France
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Christel van Eck
- Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society, CP 160/02, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Viovy
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Anthony P Walker
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Jia Yang
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 100029, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Beijing 20740, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, UMR8212, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
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15
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Tian F, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Chave J, Ogée J, Peñuelas J, Ræbild A, Domec JC, Tong X, Brandt M, Mialon A, Rodriguez-Fernandez N, Tagesson T, Al-Yaari A, Kerr Y, Chen C, Myneni RB, Zhang W, Ardö J, Fensholt R. Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1428-1435. [PMID: 30104750 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant water storage is fundamental to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by participating in plant metabolism, nutrient and sugar transport, and maintenance of the integrity of the hydraulic system of the plant. However, a global view of the size and dynamics of the water pools stored in plant tissues is still lacking. Here, we report global patterns of seasonal variations in ecosystem-scale plant water storage and their relationship with leaf phenology, based on space-borne measurements of L-band vegetation optical depth. We find that seasonal variations in plant water storage are highly synchronous with leaf phenology for the boreal and temperate forests, but asynchronous for the tropical woodlands, where the seasonal development of plant water storage lags behind leaf area by up to 180 days. Contrasting patterns of the time lag between plant water storage and terrestrial groundwater storage are also evident in these ecosystems. A comparison of the water cycle components in seasonally dry tropical woodlands highlights the buffering effect of plant water storage on the seasonal dynamics of water supply and demand. Our results offer insights into ecosystem-scale plant water relations globally and provide a basis for an improved parameterization of eco-hydrological and Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Chave
- UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anders Ræbild
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Brandt M, Wigneron JP, Chave J, Tagesson T, Penuelas J, Ciais P, Rasmussen K, Tian F, Mbow C, Al-Yaari A, Rodriguez-Fernandez N, Schurgers G, Zhang W, Chang J, Kerr Y, Verger A, Tucker C, Mialon A, Rasmussen LV, Fan L, Fensholt R. Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:827-835. [PMID: 29632351 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The African continent is facing one of the driest periods in the past three decades as well as continued deforestation. These disturbances threaten vegetation carbon (C) stocks and highlight the need for improved capabilities of monitoring large-scale aboveground carbon stock dynamics. Here we use a satellite dataset based on vegetation optical depth derived from low-frequency passive microwaves (L-VOD) to quantify annual aboveground biomass-carbon changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016. L-VOD is shown not to saturate over densely vegetated areas. The overall net change in drylands (53% of the land area) was -0.05 petagrams of C per year (Pg C yr-1) associated with drying trends, and a net change of -0.02 Pg C yr-1 was observed in humid areas. These trends reflect a high inter-annual variability with a very dry year in 2015 (net change, -0.69 Pg C) with about half of the gross losses occurring in drylands. This study demonstrates, first, the applicability of L-VOD to monitor the dynamics of carbon loss and gain due to weather variations, and second, the importance of the highly dynamic and vulnerable carbon pool of dryland savannahs for the global carbon balance, despite the relatively low carbon stock per unit area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique, Bâtiment 4R3 Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Amen Al-Yaari
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Guy Schurgers
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aleixandre Verger
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Vang Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lei Fan
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Govind A, Guyon D, Roujean JL, Yauschew-Raguenes N, Kumari J, Pisek J, Wigneron JP. Effects of canopy architectural parameterizations on the modeling of radiative transfer mechanism. Ecol Modell 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Olioso A, Braud I, Chanzy A, Demarty J, Ducros Y, Gaudu JC, Gonzalez-Sosa E, Lewan E, Marloie O, Ottlé C, Prévot L, Thony JL, Autret H, Bethenod O, Bonnefond JM, Bruguier N, Buis JP, Calvet JC, Caselles V, Chauki H, Coll C, François C, Goujet R, Jongschaap R, Kerr Y, King C, Lagouarde JP, Laurent JP, Lecharpentier P, Mcaneney J, Moulin S, Rubio E, Weiss M, Wigneron JP. Monitoring energy and mass transfers during the Alpilles-ReSeDA experiment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:2002051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Olioso A, Braud I, Chanzy A, Courault D, Demarty J, Kergoat L, Lewan E, Ottléc C, Prévot L, Zhao WG, Calvet JC, Cayrol P, Jongschaap R, Moulin S, Noilhan J, Wigneron JP. SVAT modeling over the Alpilles-ReSeDA experiment: comparing SVAT models over wheat fields. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:2002054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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