1
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Yao D, Tycko J, Oh JW, Bounds LR, Gosai SJ, Lataniotis L, Mackay-Smith A, Doughty BR, Gabdank I, Schmidt H, Guerrero-Altamirano T, Siklenka K, Guo K, White AD, Youngworth I, Andreeva K, Ren X, Barrera A, Luo Y, Yardımcı GG, Tewhey R, Kundaje A, Greenleaf WJ, Sabeti PC, Leslie C, Pritykin Y, Moore JE, Beer MA, Gersbach CA, Reddy TE, Shen Y, Engreitz JM, Bassik MC, Reilly SK. Multicenter integrated analysis of noncoding CRISPRi screens. Nat Methods 2024; 21:723-734. [PMID: 38504114 PMCID: PMC11009116 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-024-02216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The ENCODE Consortium's efforts to annotate noncoding cis-regulatory elements (CREs) have advanced our understanding of gene regulatory landscapes. Pooled, noncoding CRISPR screens offer a systematic approach to investigate cis-regulatory mechanisms. The ENCODE4 Functional Characterization Centers conducted 108 screens in human cell lines, comprising >540,000 perturbations across 24.85 megabases of the genome. Using 332 functionally confirmed CRE-gene links in K562 cells, we established guidelines for screening endogenous noncoding elements with CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), including accurate detection of CREs that exhibit variable, often low, transcriptional effects. Benchmarking five screen analysis tools, we find that CASA produces the most conservative CRE calls and is robust to artifacts of low-specificity single guide RNAs. We uncover a subtle DNA strand bias for CRISPRi in transcribed regions with implications for screen design and analysis. Together, we provide an accessible data resource, predesigned single guide RNAs for targeting 3,275,697 ENCODE SCREEN candidate CREs with CRISPRi and screening guidelines to accelerate functional characterization of the noncoding genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Josh Tycko
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jin Woo Oh
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lexi R Bounds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sager J Gosai
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for System Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate Program in Biological and Biomedical Science, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lazaros Lataniotis
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ava Mackay-Smith
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Idan Gabdank
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henri Schmidt
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tania Guerrero-Altamirano
- University Program in Genetics and Genomics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Siklenka
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Katherine Guo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexander D White
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Kalina Andreeva
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xingjie Ren
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Barrera
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yunhai Luo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - William J Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of Harvard & MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Center for System Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuri Pritykin
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, RNA Therapeutics Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Beer
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles A Gersbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Timothy E Reddy
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Franscisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jesse M Engreitz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- BASE Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children's Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Steven K Reilly
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Wirthlin ME, Schmid TA, Elie JE, Zhang X, Kowalczyk A, Redlich R, Shvareva VA, Rakuljic A, Ji MB, Bhat NS, Kaplow IM, Schäffer DE, Lawler AJ, Wang AZ, Phan BN, Annaldasula S, Brown AR, Lu T, Lim BK, Azim E, Clark NL, Meyer WK, Pond SLK, Chikina M, Yartsev MM, Pfenning AR, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. Vocal learning-associated convergent evolution in mammalian proteins and regulatory elements. Science 2024; 383:eabn3263. [PMID: 38422184 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn3263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Vocal production learning ("vocal learning") is a convergently evolved trait in vertebrates. To identify brain genomic elements associated with mammalian vocal learning, we integrated genomic, anatomical, and neurophysiological data from the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with analyses of the genomes of 215 placental mammals. First, we identified a set of proteins evolving more slowly in vocal learners. Then, we discovered a vocal motor cortical region in the Egyptian fruit bat, an emergent vocal learner, and leveraged that knowledge to identify active cis-regulatory elements in the motor cortex of vocal learners. Machine learning methods applied to motor cortex open chromatin revealed 50 enhancers robustly associated with vocal learning whose activity tended to be lower in vocal learners. Our research implicates convergent losses of motor cortex regulatory elements in mammalian vocal learning evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Wirthlin
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tobias A Schmid
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Julie E Elie
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Amanda Kowalczyk
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ruby Redlich
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Varvara A Shvareva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Ashley Rakuljic
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Maria B Ji
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Ninad S Bhat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Irene M Kaplow
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel E Schäffer
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alyssa J Lawler
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew Z Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Siddharth Annaldasula
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ashley R Brown
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tianyu Lu
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology section, Division of Biological Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eiman Azim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan L Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | | | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael M Yartsev
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94708, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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3
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Bhattacharyya P, Chen W, Huang X, Chatterjee S, Huang B, Kobrin B, Lyu Y, Smart TJ, Block M, Wang E, Wang Z, Wu W, Hsieh S, Ma H, Mandyam S, Chen B, Davis E, Geballe ZM, Zu C, Struzhkin V, Jeanloz R, Moore JE, Cui T, Galli G, Halperin BI, Laumann CR, Yao NY. Imaging the Meissner effect in hydride superconductors using quantum sensors. Nature 2024; 627:73-79. [PMID: 38418887 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
By directly altering microscopic interactions, pressure provides a powerful tuning knob for the exploration of condensed phases and geophysical phenomena1. The megabar regime represents an interesting frontier, in which recent discoveries include high-temperature superconductors, as well as structural and valence phase transitions2-6. However, at such high pressures, many conventional measurement techniques fail. Here we demonstrate the ability to perform local magnetometry inside a diamond anvil cell with sub-micron spatial resolution at megabar pressures. Our approach uses a shallow layer of nitrogen-vacancy colour centres implanted directly within the anvil7-9; crucially, we choose a crystal cut compatible with the intrinsic symmetries of the nitrogen-vacancy centre to enable functionality at megabar pressures. We apply our technique to characterize a recently discovered hydride superconductor, CeH9 (ref. 10). By performing simultaneous magnetometry and electrical transport measurements, we observe the dual signatures of superconductivity: diamagnetism characteristic of the Meissner effect and a sharp drop of the resistance to near zero. By locally mapping both the diamagnetic response and flux trapping, we directly image the geometry of superconducting regions, showing marked inhomogeneities at the micron scale. Our work brings quantum sensing to the megabar frontier and enables the closed-loop optimization of superhydride materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bhattacharyya
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - W Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - S Chatterjee
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - B Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B Kobrin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Y Lyu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T J Smart
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Block
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - W Wu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Hsieh
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - H Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Mandyam
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B Chen
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - E Davis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Z M Geballe
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, USA
| | - C Zu
- Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - V Struzhkin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, China
| | - R Jeanloz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - J E Moore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - G Galli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Materials Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - B I Halperin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C R Laumann
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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4
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Gschwind AR, Mualim KS, Karbalayghareh A, Sheth MU, Dey KK, Jagoda E, Nurtdinov RN, Xi W, Tan AS, Jones H, Ma XR, Yao D, Nasser J, Avsec Ž, James BT, Shamim MS, Durand NC, Rao SSP, Mahajan R, Doughty BR, Andreeva K, Ulirsch JC, Fan K, Perez EM, Nguyen TC, Kelley DR, Finucane HK, Moore JE, Weng Z, Kellis M, Bassik MC, Price AL, Beer MA, Guigó R, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Lieberman Aiden E, Greenleaf WJ, Leslie CS, Steinmetz LM, Kundaje A, Engreitz JM. An encyclopedia of enhancer-gene regulatory interactions in the human genome. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.09.563812. [PMID: 38014075 PMCID: PMC10680627 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.563812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Identifying transcriptional enhancers and their target genes is essential for understanding gene regulation and the impact of human genetic variation on disease1-6. Here we create and evaluate a resource of >13 million enhancer-gene regulatory interactions across 352 cell types and tissues, by integrating predictive models, measurements of chromatin state and 3D contacts, and largescale genetic perturbations generated by the ENCODE Consortium7. We first create a systematic benchmarking pipeline to compare predictive models, assembling a dataset of 10,411 elementgene pairs measured in CRISPR perturbation experiments, >30,000 fine-mapped eQTLs, and 569 fine-mapped GWAS variants linked to a likely causal gene. Using this framework, we develop a new predictive model, ENCODE-rE2G, that achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple prediction tasks, demonstrating a strategy involving iterative perturbations and supervised machine learning to build increasingly accurate predictive models of enhancer regulation. Using the ENCODE-rE2G model, we build an encyclopedia of enhancer-gene regulatory interactions in the human genome, which reveals global properties of enhancer networks, identifies differences in the functions of genes that have more or less complex regulatory landscapes, and improves analyses to link noncoding variants to target genes and cell types for common, complex diseases. By interpreting the model, we find evidence that, beyond enhancer activity and 3D enhancer-promoter contacts, additional features guide enhancerpromoter communication including promoter class and enhancer-enhancer synergy. Altogether, these genome-wide maps of enhancer-gene regulatory interactions, benchmarking software, predictive models, and insights about enhancer function provide a valuable resource for future studies of gene regulation and human genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas R. Gschwind
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristy S. Mualim
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institute of Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alireza Karbalayghareh
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maya U. Sheth
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kushal K. Dey
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evelyn Jagoda
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ramil N. Nurtdinov
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Wang Xi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony S. Tan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hank Jones
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - X. Rosa Ma
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Yao
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Nasser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Present Address: Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin T. James
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad S. Shamim
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neva C. Durand
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhas S. P. Rao
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ragini Mahajan
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Doughty
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kalina Andreeva
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacob C. Ulirsch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Present Address: Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Present Address: Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Tri C. Nguyen
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Hilary K. Finucane
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jill E. Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C. Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alkes L. Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A. Beer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John A. Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erez Lieberman Aiden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Center for Genome Architecture, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William J. Greenleaf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesse M. Engreitz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Basic Sciences and Engineering Initiative, Betty Irene Moore Children’s Heart Center, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Gene Regulation Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Sherman NE, Avdoshkin A, Moore JE. Universality of Critical Dynamics with Finite Entanglement. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:106501. [PMID: 37739353 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
When a system is swept through a quantum critical point, the quantum Kibble-Zurek mechanism makes universal predictions for quantities such as the number and energy of excitations produced. This mechanism is now being used to obtain critical exponents on emerging quantum computers and emulators, which in some cases can be compared to matrix product state (MPS) numerical studies. However, the mechanism is modified when the divergence of entanglement entropy required for a faithful description of many quantum critical points is not fully captured by the experiment or classical calculation. In this Letter, we study how low-energy dynamics of quantum systems near criticality are modified by finite entanglement, using conformally invariant critical points described approximately by a MPS as an example. We derive that the effect of finite entanglement on a Kibble-Zurek process is captured by a dimensionless scaling function of the ratio of two length scales, one determined dynamically and one by the entanglement restriction. Numerically we confirm first that dynamics at finite bond dimension χ is independent of the algorithm chosen, then obtain scaling collapses for sweeps in the transverse field Ising model and the three-state Potts model. Our result establishes the precise role played by entanglement in time-dependent critical phenomena and has direct implications for quantum state preparation and classical simulation of quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Sherman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - A Avdoshkin
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J E Moore
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Reese F, Williams B, Balderrama-Gutierrez G, Wyman D, Çelik MH, Rebboah E, Rezaie N, Trout D, Razavi-Mohseni M, Jiang Y, Borsari B, Morabito S, Liang HY, McGill CJ, Rahmanian S, Sakr J, Jiang S, Zeng W, Carvalho K, Weimer AK, Dionne LA, McShane A, Bedi K, Elhajjajy SI, Upchurch S, Jou J, Youngworth I, Gabdank I, Sud P, Jolanki O, Strattan JS, Kagda MS, Snyder MP, Hitz BC, Moore JE, Weng Z, Bennett D, Reinholdt L, Ljungman M, Beer MA, Gerstein MB, Pachter L, Guigó R, Wold BJ, Mortazavi A. The ENCODE4 long-read RNA-seq collection reveals distinct classes of transcript structure diversity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.15.540865. [PMID: 37292896 PMCID: PMC10245583 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.15.540865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The majority of mammalian genes encode multiple transcript isoforms that result from differential promoter use, changes in exonic splicing, and alternative 3' end choice. Detecting and quantifying transcript isoforms across tissues, cell types, and species has been extremely challenging because transcripts are much longer than the short reads normally used for RNA-seq. By contrast, long-read RNA-seq (LR-RNA-seq) gives the complete structure of most transcripts. We sequenced 264 LR-RNA-seq PacBio libraries totaling over 1 billion circular consensus reads (CCS) for 81 unique human and mouse samples. We detect at least one full-length transcript from 87.7% of annotated human protein coding genes and a total of 200,000 full-length transcripts, 40% of which have novel exon junction chains. To capture and compute on the three sources of transcript structure diversity, we introduce a gene and transcript annotation framework that uses triplets representing the transcript start site, exon junction chain, and transcript end site of each transcript. Using triplets in a simplex representation demonstrates how promoter selection, splice pattern, and 3' processing are deployed across human tissues, with nearly half of multi-transcript protein coding genes showing a clear bias toward one of the three diversity mechanisms. Evaluated across samples, the predominantly expressed transcript changes for 74% of protein coding genes. In evolution, the human and mouse transcriptomes are globally similar in types of transcript structure diversity, yet among individual orthologous gene pairs, more than half (57.8%) show substantial differences in mechanism of diversification in matching tissues. This initial large-scale survey of human and mouse long-read transcriptomes provides a foundation for further analyses of alternative transcript usage, and is complemented by short-read and microRNA data on the same samples and by epigenome data elsewhere in the ENCODE4 collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairlie Reese
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Brian Williams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Gabriela Balderrama-Gutierrez
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Dana Wyman
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Muhammed Hasan Çelik
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Elisabeth Rebboah
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Narges Rezaie
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Diane Trout
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Milad Razavi-Mohseni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Yunzhe Jiang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Beatrice Borsari
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samuel Morabito
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Heidi Yahan Liang
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Cassandra J McGill
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Sorena Rahmanian
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jasmine Sakr
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Weihua Zeng
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Klebea Carvalho
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Annika K Weimer
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Louise A Dionne
- The Jackson Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Ariel McShane
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Karan Bedi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Center for RNA Biomedicine and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Shaimae I Elhajjajy
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Sean Upchurch
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Jennifer Jou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Ingrid Youngworth
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Idan Gabdank
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Paul Sud
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Otto Jolanki
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - J Seth Strattan
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Meenakshi S Kagda
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Ben C Hitz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - David Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Laura Reinholdt
- The Jackson Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Center for RNA Biomedicine and Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Michael A Beer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Section on Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Lior Pachter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Barbara J Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA
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7
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Christmas MJ, Kaplow IM, Genereux DP, Dong MX, Hughes GM, Li X, Sullivan PF, Hindle AG, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Breit AM, Diekhans M, Fanter C, Foley NM, Goodman DB, Goodman L, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Kowalczyk A, Lawless C, Lind AL, Meadows JRS, Moreira LR, Redlich RW, Ryan L, Swofford R, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Brown AR, Damas J, Fan K, Gatesy J, Grimshaw J, Johnson J, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Marinescu VD, Morrill KM, Osmanski A, Paulat NS, Phan BN, Reilly SK, Schäffer DE, Steiner C, Supple MA, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Birren BW, Gazal S, Hubley RM, Koepfli KP, Marques-Bonet T, Meyer WK, Nweeia M, Sabeti PC, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer MS, Teeling EC, Weng Z, Hiller M, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Paten B, Pollard KS, Ray DA, Ruf I, Ryder OA, Pfenning AR, Lindblad-Toh K, Karlsson EK, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. Evolutionary constraint and innovation across hundreds of placental mammals. Science 2023. [PMID: 37104599 DOI: 0.1126/science.abn3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Zoonomia is the largest comparative genomics resource for mammals produced to date. By aligning genomes for 240 species, we identify bases that, when mutated, are likely to affect fitness and alter disease risk. At least 332 million bases (~10.7%) in the human genome are unusually conserved across species (evolutionarily constrained) relative to neutrally evolving repeats, and 4552 ultraconserved elements are nearly perfectly conserved. Of 101 million significantly constrained single bases, 80% are outside protein-coding exons and half have no functional annotations in the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) resource. Changes in genes and regulatory elements are associated with exceptional mammalian traits, such as hibernation, that could inform therapeutic development. Earth's vast and imperiled biodiversity offers distinctive power for identifying genetic variants that affect genome function and organismal phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Christmas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irene M Kaplow
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Michael X Dong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Graham M Hughes
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Xue Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Allyson G Hindle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Gregory Andrews
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joel C Armstrong
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Matteo Bianchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ana M Breit
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - Mark Diekhans
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Cornelia Fanter
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA
| | - Nicole M Foley
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Daniel B Goodman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Kathleen C Keough
- Fauna Bio, Inc., Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bogdan Kirilenko
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Amanda Kowalczyk
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Colleen Lawless
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Abigail L Lind
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer R S Meadows
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucas R Moreira
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ruby W Redlich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Louise Ryan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alejandro Valenzuela
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Franziska Wagner
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ola Wallerman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashley R Brown
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joana Damas
- The Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Gatesy
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | - Jenna Grimshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Jeremy Johnson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sergey V Kozyrev
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alyssa J Lawler
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mellon College of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Voichita D Marinescu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathleen M Morrill
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Austin Osmanski
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Nicole S Paulat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Steven K Reilly
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel E Schäffer
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cynthia Steiner
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Megan A Supple
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aryn P Wilder
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Morgan E Wirthlin
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - James R Xue
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Bruce W Birren
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven Gazal
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | | | - Klaus-Peter Koepfli
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC 20008, USA
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, George Mason University, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Martin Nweeia
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2R1, Canada
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20002, USA
- Narwhal Genome Initiative, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael Hiller
- Faculty of Biosciences, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Harris A Lewin
- The Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- John Muir Institute for the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Arcadi Navarro
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
- CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benedict Paten
- Genomics Institute, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David A Ray
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Irina Ruf
- Division of Messel Research and Mammalogy, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver A Ryder
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
- Department of Evolution, Behavior and Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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8
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Kaplow IM, Lawler AJ, Schäffer DE, Srinivasan C, Sestili HH, Wirthlin ME, Phan BN, Prasad K, Brown AR, Zhang X, Foley K, Genereux DP, Karlsson EK, Lindblad-Toh K, Meyer WK, Pfenning AR, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. Relating enhancer genetic variation across mammals to complex phenotypes using machine learning. Science 2023; 380:eabm7993. [PMID: 37104615 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm7993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Protein-coding differences between species often fail to explain phenotypic diversity, suggesting the involvement of genomic elements that regulate gene expression such as enhancers. Identifying associations between enhancers and phenotypes is challenging because enhancer activity can be tissue-dependent and functionally conserved despite low sequence conservation. We developed the Tissue-Aware Conservation Inference Toolkit (TACIT) to associate candidate enhancers with species' phenotypes using predictions from machine learning models trained on specific tissues. Applying TACIT to associate motor cortex and parvalbumin-positive interneuron enhancers with neurological phenotypes revealed dozens of enhancer-phenotype associations, including brain size-associated enhancers that interact with genes implicated in microcephaly or macrocephaly. TACIT provides a foundation for identifying enhancers associated with the evolution of any convergently evolved phenotype in any large group of species with aligned genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene M Kaplow
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa J Lawler
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Schäffer
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chaitanya Srinivasan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heather H Sestili
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Morgan E Wirthlin
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - BaDoi N Phan
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kavya Prasad
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley R Brown
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen Foley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Diane P Genereux
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Andreas R Pfenning
- Department of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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9
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Kirilenko BM, Munegowda C, Osipova E, Jebb D, Sharma V, Blumer M, Morales AE, Ahmed AW, Kontopoulos DG, Hilgers L, Lindblad-Toh K, Karlsson EK, Hiller M, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. Integrating gene annotation with orthology inference at scale. Science 2023; 380:eabn3107. [PMID: 37104600 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Annotating coding genes and inferring orthologs are two classical challenges in genomics and evolutionary biology that have traditionally been approached separately, limiting scalability. We present TOGA (Tool to infer Orthologs from Genome Alignments), a method that integrates structural gene annotation and orthology inference. TOGA implements a different paradigm to infer orthologous loci, improves ortholog detection and annotation of conserved genes compared with state-of-the-art methods, and handles even highly fragmented assemblies. TOGA scales to hundreds of genomes, which we demonstrate by applying it to 488 placental mammal and 501 bird assemblies, creating the largest comparative gene resources so far. Additionally, TOGA detects gene losses, enables selection screens, and automatically provides a superior measure of mammalian genome quality. TOGA is a powerful and scalable method to annotate and compare genes in the genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan M Kirilenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Chetan Munegowda
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Osipova
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Jebb
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Virag Sharma
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Blumer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ariadna E Morales
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alexis-Walid Ahmed
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dimitrios-Georgios Kontopoulos
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leon Hilgers
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael Hiller
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Wilder AP, Supple MA, Subramanian A, Mudide A, Swofford R, Serres-Armero A, Steiner C, Koepfli KP, Genereux DP, Karlsson EK, Lindblad-Toh K, Marques-Bonet T, Munoz Fuentes V, Foley K, Meyer WK, Ryder OA, Shapiro B, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. The contribution of historical processes to contemporary extinction risk in placental mammals. Science 2023; 380:eabn5856. [PMID: 37104572 PMCID: PMC10184782 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Species persistence can be influenced by the amount, type, and distribution of diversity across the genome, suggesting a potential relationship between historical demography and resilience. In this study, we surveyed genetic variation across single genomes of 240 mammals that compose the Zoonomia alignment to evaluate how historical effective population size (Ne) affects heterozygosity and deleterious genetic load and how these factors may contribute to extinction risk. We find that species with smaller historical Ne carry a proportionally larger burden of deleterious alleles owing to long-term accumulation and fixation of genetic load and have a higher risk of extinction. This suggests that historical demography can inform contemporary resilience. Models that included genomic data were predictive of species' conservation status, suggesting that, in the absence of adequate census or ecological data, genomic information may provide an initial risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryn P Wilder
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Megan A Supple
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | | | | | - Ross Swofford
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Aitor Serres-Armero
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Cynthia Steiner
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
| | - Klaus-Peter Koepfli
- Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation, George Mason University, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 30008, USA
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 32, Sweden
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona 08010, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Violeta Munoz Fuentes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Kathleen Foley
- College of Law, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Oliver A Ryder
- Conservation Genetics, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA 92027, USA
- Department of Evolution, Behavior and Ecology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92039, USA
| | - Beth Shapiro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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11
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Andrews G, Fan K, Pratt HE, Phalke N, Karlsson EK, Lindblad-Toh K, Gazal S, Moore JE, Weng Z, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. Mammalian evolution of human cis-regulatory elements and transcription factor binding sites. Science 2023; 380:eabn7930. [PMID: 37104580 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory landscape of the human genome is a long-standing objective of modern biology. Using the reference-free alignment across 241 mammalian genomes produced by the Zoonomia Consortium, we charted evolutionary trajectories for 0.92 million human candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) and 15.6 million human transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). We identified 439,461 cCREs and 2,024,062 TFBSs under evolutionary constraint. Genes near constrained elements perform fundamental cellular processes, whereas genes near primate-specific elements are involved in environmental interaction, including odor perception and immune response. About 20% of TFBSs are transposable element-derived and exhibit intricate patterns of gains and losses during primate evolution whereas sequence variants associated with complex traits are enriched in constrained TFBSs. Our annotations illuminate the regulatory functions of the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Andrews
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nishigandha Phalke
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75132 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Steven Gazal
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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12
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Foley NM, Mason VC, Harris AJ, Bredemeyer KR, Damas J, Lewin HA, Eizirik E, Gatesy J, Karlsson EK, Lindblad-Toh K, Springer MS, Murphy WJ, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. A genomic timescale for placental mammal evolution. Science 2023; 380:eabl8189. [PMID: 37104581 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl8189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The precise pattern and timing of speciation events that gave rise to all living placental mammals remain controversial. We provide a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of genetic variation across an alignment of 241 placental mammal genome assemblies, addressing prior concerns regarding limited genomic sampling across species. We compared neutral genome-wide phylogenomic signals using concatenation and coalescent-based approaches, interrogated phylogenetic variation across chromosomes, and analyzed extensive catalogs of structural variants. Interordinal relationships exhibit relatively low rates of phylogenomic conflict across diverse datasets and analytical methods. Conversely, X-chromosome versus autosome conflicts characterize multiple independent clades that radiated during the Cenozoic. Genomic time trees reveal an accumulation of cladogenic events before and immediately after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, implying important roles for Cretaceous continental vicariance and the K-Pg extinction in the placental radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Foley
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Victor C Mason
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Harris
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kevin R Bredemeyer
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Joana Damas
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Harris A Lewin
- The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Eizirik
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - John Gatesy
- Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachussetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 32 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Xue JR, Mackay-Smith A, Mouri K, Garcia MF, Dong MX, Akers JF, Noble M, Li X, Lindblad-Toh K, Karlsson EK, Noonan JP, Capellini TD, Brennand KJ, Tewhey R, Sabeti PC, Reilly SK, Andrews G, Armstrong JC, Bianchi M, Birren BW, Bredemeyer KR, Breit AM, Christmas MJ, Clawson H, Damas J, Di Palma F, Diekhans M, Dong MX, Eizirik E, Fan K, Fanter C, Foley NM, Forsberg-Nilsson K, Garcia CJ, Gatesy J, Gazal S, Genereux DP, Goodman L, Grimshaw J, Halsey MK, Harris AJ, Hickey G, Hiller M, Hindle AG, Hubley RM, Hughes GM, Johnson J, Juan D, Kaplow IM, Karlsson EK, Keough KC, Kirilenko B, Koepfli KP, Korstian JM, Kowalczyk A, Kozyrev SV, Lawler AJ, Lawless C, Lehmann T, Levesque DL, Lewin HA, Li X, Lind A, Lindblad-Toh K, Mackay-Smith A, Marinescu VD, Marques-Bonet T, Mason VC, Meadows JRS, Meyer WK, Moore JE, Moreira LR, Moreno-Santillan DD, Morrill KM, Muntané G, Murphy WJ, Navarro A, Nweeia M, Ortmann S, Osmanski A, Paten B, Paulat NS, Pfenning AR, Phan BN, Pollard KS, Pratt HE, Ray DA, Reilly SK, Rosen JR, Ruf I, Ryan L, Ryder OA, Sabeti PC, Schäffer DE, Serres A, Shapiro B, Smit AFA, Springer M, Srinivasan C, Steiner C, Storer JM, Sullivan KAM, Sullivan PF, Sundström E, Supple MA, Swofford R, Talbot JE, Teeling E, Turner-Maier J, Valenzuela A, Wagner F, Wallerman O, Wang C, Wang J, Weng Z, Wilder AP, Wirthlin ME, Xue JR, Zhang X. The functional and evolutionary impacts of human-specific deletions in conserved elements. Science 2023; 380:eabn2253. [PMID: 37104592 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Conserved genomic sequences disrupted in humans may underlie uniquely human phenotypic traits. We identified and characterized 10,032 human-specific conserved deletions (hCONDELs). These short (average 2.56 base pairs) deletions are enriched for human brain functions across genetic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic datasets. Using massively parallel reporter assays in six cell types, we discovered 800 hCONDELs conferring significant differences in regulatory activity, half of which enhance rather than disrupt regulatory function. We highlight several hCONDELs with putative human-specific effects on brain development, including HDAC5, CPEB4, and PPP2CA. Reverting an hCONDEL to the ancestral sequence alters the expression of LOXL2 and developmental genes involved in myelination and synaptic function. Our data provide a rich resource to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms driving new traits in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Xue
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for System Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ava Mackay-Smith
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Michael X Dong
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jared F Akers
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark Noble
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xue Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elinor K Karlsson
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - James P Noonan
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Terence D Capellini
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan Tewhey
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pardis C Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for System Biology, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven K Reilly
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Rozowsky J, Gao J, Borsari B, Yang YT, Galeev T, Gürsoy G, Epstein CB, Xiong K, Xu J, Li T, Liu J, Yu K, Berthel A, Chen Z, Navarro F, Sun MS, Wright J, Chang J, Cameron CJF, Shoresh N, Gaskell E, Drenkow J, Adrian J, Aganezov S, Aguet F, Balderrama-Gutierrez G, Banskota S, Corona GB, Chee S, Chhetri SB, Cortez Martins GC, Danyko C, Davis CA, Farid D, Farrell NP, Gabdank I, Gofin Y, Gorkin DU, Gu M, Hecht V, Hitz BC, Issner R, Jiang Y, Kirsche M, Kong X, Lam BR, Li S, Li B, Li X, Lin KZ, Luo R, Mackiewicz M, Meng R, Moore JE, Mudge J, Nelson N, Nusbaum C, Popov I, Pratt HE, Qiu Y, Ramakrishnan S, Raymond J, Salichos L, Scavelli A, Schreiber JM, Sedlazeck FJ, See LH, Sherman RM, Shi X, Shi M, Sloan CA, Strattan JS, Tan Z, Tanaka FY, Vlasova A, Wang J, Werner J, Williams B, Xu M, Yan C, Yu L, Zaleski C, Zhang J, Ardlie K, Cherry JM, Mendenhall EM, Noble WS, Weng Z, Levine ME, Dobin A, Wold B, Mortazavi A, Ren B, Gillis J, Myers RM, Snyder MP, Choudhary J, Milosavljevic A, Schatz MC, Bernstein BE, Guigó R, Gingeras TR, Gerstein M. The EN-TEx resource of multi-tissue personal epigenomes & variant-impact models. Cell 2023; 186:1493-1511.e40. [PMID: 37001506 PMCID: PMC10074325 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how genetic variants impact molecular phenotypes is a key goal of functional genomics, currently hindered by reliance on a single haploid reference genome. Here, we present the EN-TEx resource of 1,635 open-access datasets from four donors (∼30 tissues × ∼15 assays). The datasets are mapped to matched, diploid genomes with long-read phasing and structural variants, instantiating a catalog of >1 million allele-specific loci. These loci exhibit coordinated activity along haplotypes and are less conserved than corresponding, non-allele-specific ones. Surprisingly, a deep-learning transformer model can predict the allele-specific activity based only on local nucleotide-sequence context, highlighting the importance of transcription-factor-binding motifs particularly sensitive to variants. Furthermore, combining EN-TEx with existing genome annotations reveals strong associations between allele-specific and GWAS loci. It also enables models for transferring known eQTLs to difficult-to-profile tissues (e.g., from skin to heart). Overall, EN-TEx provides rich data and generalizable models for more accurate personal functional genomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Rozowsky
- Section on Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jiahao Gao
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Beatrice Borsari
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yucheng T Yang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence; MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence; MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timur Galeev
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gamze Gürsoy
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Kun Xiong
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinrui Xu
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason Liu
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Keyang Yu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana Berthel
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zhanlin Chen
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fabio Navarro
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maxwell S Sun
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Justin Chang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher J F Cameron
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Noam Shoresh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jorg Drenkow
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jessika Adrian
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sergey Aganezov
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sora Chee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Surya B Chhetri
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Gabriel Conte Cortez Martins
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cassidy Danyko
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Carrie A Davis
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Farid
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Idan Gabdank
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Yoel Gofin
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David U Gorkin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mengting Gu
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Hecht
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Hitz
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Robbyn Issner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yunzhe Jiang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Melanie Kirsche
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiangmeng Kong
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bonita R Lam
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shantao Li
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bian Li
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiqi Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Khine Zin Lin
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ruibang Luo
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, CHN
| | - Mark Mackiewicz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Ran Meng
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Mudge
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, GB
| | | | - Chad Nusbaum
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ioann Popov
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Yunjiang Qiu
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Srividya Ramakrishnan
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joe Raymond
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leonidas Salichos
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Scavelli
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jacob M Schreiber
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fritz J Sedlazeck
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Hoon See
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M Sherman
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xu Shi
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Minyi Shi
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cricket Alicia Sloan
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J Seth Strattan
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Tan
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Forrest Y Tanaka
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Anna Vlasova
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Comparative Genomics Group, Life Science Programme, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Wang
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Werner
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Brian Williams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chengfei Yan
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lu Yu
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Christopher Zaleski
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - J Michael Cherry
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | - William S Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander Dobin
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Gillis
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Michael C Schatz
- Departments of Computer Science and Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Thomas R Gingeras
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - Mark Gerstein
- Section on Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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15
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Xu J, Pratt HE, Moore JE, Gerstein MB, Weng Z. Building integrative functional maps of gene regulation. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:R114-R122. [PMID: 36083269 PMCID: PMC9585680 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell in the human body inherits a copy of the same genetic information. The three billion base pairs of DNA in the human genome, and the roughly 50 000 coding and non-coding genes they contain, must thus encode all the complexity of human development and cell and tissue type diversity. Differences in gene regulation, or the modulation of gene expression, enable individual cells to interpret the genome differently to carry out their specific functions. Here we discuss recent and ongoing efforts to build gene regulatory maps, which aim to characterize the regulatory roles of all sequences in a genome. Many researchers and consortia have identified such regulatory elements using functional assays and evolutionary analyses; we discuss the results, strengths and shortcomings of their approaches. We also discuss new techniques the field can leverage and emerging challenges it will face while striving to build gene regulatory maps of ever-increasing resolution and comprehensiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Xu
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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16
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Ross J, Ramsay DP, Sutton-Smith LJ, Willink RD, Moore JE. Residual neuromuscular blockade in the ICU: a prospective observational study and national survey. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:991-998. [PMID: 35837762 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Residual neuromuscular blockade is associated with significant morbidity. It has been widely studied in anaesthesia; however, the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade in patients managed in the ICU is unknown. We conducted a prospective observational study in a tertiary ICU to determine the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade using quantitative accelerographic monitoring. We tested for residual neuromuscular blockade (defined as a train-of-four ratio < 0.9) before cessation of sedation in anticipation of tracheal extubation. We also surveyed 16 other ICUs in New Zealand to determine their use of neuromuscular monitoring. A total of 191 patients were included in the final analysis. The incidence (95%CI) of residual neuromuscular blockade was 43% (36-50%), with a similar incidence observed in non-postoperative and postoperative patients. There was a lower risk of residual neuromuscular blockade with atracurium than rocuronium (risk ratio (95%CI) of 0.39 (0.12-0.78)) and a higher risk with pancuronium than rocuronium (1.59 (1.06-2.49)). Our survey shows that, in New Zealand ICUs, monitoring of neuromuscular function is rarely carried out before tracheal extubation. When neuromuscular monitoring is undertaken, it is based on individual clinician suspicion and performed using qualitative measurements. No ICU reported using a quantitative monitor or a clinical guideline. The results demonstrate a high incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade in our ICU patients and identify the type of neuromuscular blocking drug as a possible risk factor. Monitoring neuromuscular function before tracheal extubation is not currently the standard of care in New Zealand ICUs. These data suggest that residual neuromuscular blockade may be an under-recognised problem in ICU practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ross
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - D P Ramsay
- Department of Anaesthesia, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - L J Sutton-Smith
- Intensive Care Services, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - R D Willink
- Dean's Department, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - J E Moore
- Intensive Care, Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
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17
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Moore JE, Purcaro MJ, Pratt HE, Epstein CB, Shoresh N, Adrian J, Kawli T, Davis CA, Dobin A, Kaul R, Halow J, Van Nostrand EL, Freese P, Gorkin DU, Shen Y, He Y, Mackiewicz M, Pauli-Behn F, Williams BA, Mortazavi A, Keller CA, Zhang XO, Elhajjajy SI, Huey J, Dickel DE, Snetkova V, Wei X, Wang X, Rivera-Mulia JC, Rozowsky J, Zhang J, Chhetri SB, Zhang J, Victorsen A, White KP, Visel A, Yeo GW, Burge CB, Lécuyer E, Gilbert DM, Dekker J, Rinn J, Mendenhall EM, Ecker JR, Kellis M, Klein RJ, Noble WS, Kundaje A, Guigó R, Farnham PJ, Cherry JM, Myers RM, Ren B, Graveley BR, Gerstein MB, Pennacchio LA, Snyder MP, Bernstein BE, Wold B, Hardison RC, Gingeras TR, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Weng Z. Author Correction: Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes. Nature 2022; 605:E3. [PMID: 35474001 PMCID: PMC9095460 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04226-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill E Moore
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Purcaro
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Noam Shoresh
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessika Adrian
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Trupti Kawli
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carrie A Davis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Dobin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Rajinder Kaul
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Halow
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric L Van Nostrand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Freese
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David U Gorkin
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yupeng He
- Genomics Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mackiewicz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Brian A Williams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shaimae I Elhajjajy
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jack Huey
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Dickel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Snetkova
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xintao Wei
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Surya B Chhetri
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alec Victorsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Burge
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Lécuyer
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Gilbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- HHMI and Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Rinn
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric M Mendenhall
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomics Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William S Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peggy J Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Michael Cherry
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
| | - Bing Ren
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Brenton R Graveley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | | | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. .,Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA. .,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Barbara Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Thomas R Gingeras
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Zhiping Weng
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA. .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China. .,Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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Moore JE, Moore PJA, Millar BC. GREEN EGGS AND HAM BY DR. SEUSS: EMPLOYING DIGITAL TOOLS TO IMPROVE READABILITY OF PATIENT-FACING MATERIALS. Ulster Med J 2022; 91:50. [PMID: 35169340 PMCID: PMC8835417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- JE Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK
| | - PJA Moore
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - BC Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 7AD, UK
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19
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Moore JE, Zhang XO, Elhajjajy SI, Fan K, Pratt HE, Reese F, Mortazavi A, Weng Z. Integration of high-resolution promoter profiling assays reveals novel, cell type-specific transcription start sites across 115 human cell and tissue types. Genome Res 2021; 32:389-402. [PMID: 34949670 PMCID: PMC8805725 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275723.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Accurate transcription start site (TSS) annotations are essential for understanding transcriptional regulation and its role in human disease. Gene collections such as GENCODE contain annotations for tens of thousands of TSSs, but not all of these annotations are experimentally validated nor do they contain information on cell type–specific usage. Therefore, we sought to generate a collection of experimentally validated TSSs by integrating RNA Annotation and Mapping of Promoters for the Analysis of Gene Expression (RAMPAGE) data from 115 cell and tissue types, which resulted in a collection of approximately 50 thousand representative RAMPAGE peaks. These peaks are primarily proximal to GENCODE-annotated TSSs and are concordant with other transcription assays. Because RAMPAGE uses paired-end reads, we were then able to connect peaks to transcripts by analyzing the genomic positions of the 3′ ends of read mates. Using this paired-end information, we classified the vast majority (37 thousand) of our RAMPAGE peaks as verified TSSs, updating TSS annotations for 20% of GENCODE genes. We also found that these updated TSS annotations are supported by epigenomic and other transcriptomic data sets. To show the utility of this RAMPAGE rPeak collection, we intersected it with the NHGRI/EBI genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog and identified new candidate GWAS genes. Overall, our work shows the importance of integrating experimental data to further refine TSS annotations and provides a valuable resource for the biological community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kaili Fan
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
| | | | | | | | - Zhiping Weng
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School;
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20
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Pratt HE, Andrews GR, Phalke N, Purcaro MJ, van der Velde A, Moore JE, Weng Z. Factorbook: an updated catalog of transcription factor motifs and candidate regulatory motif sites. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D141-D149. [PMID: 34755879 PMCID: PMC8728199 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human genome contains ∼2000 transcriptional regulatory proteins, including ∼1600 DNA-binding transcription factors (TFs) recognizing characteristic sequence motifs to exert regulatory effects on gene expression. The binding specificities of these factors have been profiled both in vitro, using techniques such as HT-SELEX, and in vivo, using techniques including ChIP-seq. We previously developed Factorbook, a TF-centric database of annotations, motifs, and integrative analyses based on ChIP-seq data from Phase II of the ENCODE Project. Here we present an update to Factorbook which significantly expands the breadth of cell type and TF coverage. The update includes an expanded motif catalog derived from thousands of ENCODE Phase II and III ChIP-seq experiments and HT-SELEX experiments; this motif catalog is integrated with the ENCODE registry of candidate cis-regulatory elements to annotate a comprehensive collection of genome-wide candidate TF binding sites. The database also offers novel tools for applying the motif models within machine learning frameworks and using these models for integrative analysis, including annotation of variants and disease and trait heritability. Factorbook is publicly available at www.factorbook.org; we will continue to expand the resource as ENCODE Phase IV data are released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry E Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Gregory R Andrews
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nishigandha Phalke
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Purcaro
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Arjan van der Velde
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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21
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Ishimoto K, Hatanaka N, Otani S, Maeda S, Xu B, Yasugi M, Moore JE, Suzuki M, Nakagawa S, Yamasaki S. Tea crude extracts effectively inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:2-7. [PMID: 34695222 PMCID: PMC8661916 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that black and green tea extracts, particularly polyphenols, have antimicrobial activity against various pathogenic microbes including viruses. However, there is limited data on the antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which emerged rapidly in China in late 2019 and which has been responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic globally. In this study, 20 compounds and three extracts were obtained from black and green tea and found that three tea extracts showed significant antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2, whereby the viral titre decreased about 5 logs TCID50 per ml by 1·375 mg ml−1 black tea extract and two‐fold diluted tea bag infusion obtained from black tea when incubated at 25°C for 10 s. However, when concentrations of black and green tea extracts were equally adjusted to 344 µg ml−1, green tea extracts showed more antiviral activity against SARS‐CoV‐2. This simple and highly respected beverage may be a cheap and widely acceptable means to reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 viral burden in the mouth and upper gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts in developed as well as developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ishimoto
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatic, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Hatanaka
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Otani
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,R&D Group, Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd, Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - S Maeda
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,R&D Group, Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd, Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - B Xu
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Yasugi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - M Suzuki
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,R&D Group, Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd, Fujieda, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - S Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatic, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.,Asian Health Science Research Institute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.,Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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22
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Moore JE, Millar BC. Improving IPC health literacy through better communication: investigation of the readability of IPC patient information leaflets from several sources. J Hosp Infect 2021; 118:15-19. [PMID: 34536531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.
| | - B C Millar
- Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
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23
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Millar BC, Rao JR, Moore JE. Fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR): Chinese herbal medicine as a source of novel antimicrobials - an update. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:400-407. [PMID: 34219247 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has now emerged as a global public health crisis, requiring the discovery of new and novel antimicrobial compounds, that may be precursors of future therapeutic antibiotics. Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) comes with a rich pedigree of holistic and empirical usage in Asia for the last 5000 years. Extracts of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, Dianthus superbus L. Forsythiae fructus (Lian Qiao), Lonicerae flos (Jin Yin Hua), Naemorhedi cornu, Platycladus orientalis Franco, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum cuspidatum, Poria cocos (Schw.), Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC, Rheum palmatum, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Scutellaria barbata, Scutellariae radix (Huang Qin) and Ursi fel (Xiong Dan) have shown to have antimicrobial properties against clinically significant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, as well as the mycobacteria (TB and non-tuberculous mycobacteria). Evidence is now beginning to emerge through systematic reviews of the outcomes of clinical studies employing CHM to treat infections. Of the 106 Cochrane systematic reviews on CHM, 16 (ca 15%) reviews examine CHM in the context of treating a specific infection disease or state. This update examines direct antimicrobial effect of CHM on bacterial pathogens, as well as synergistic effects of combining CHM with conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Millar
- Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - J R Rao
- Plant Pathology, AgriFood & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast, UK
| | - J E Moore
- Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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24
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Fan K, Moore JE, Zhang XO, Weng Z. Genetic and epigenetic features of promoters with ubiquitous chromatin accessibility support ubiquitous transcription of cell-essential genes. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5705-5725. [PMID: 33978759 PMCID: PMC8191798 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is controlled by regulatory elements within accessible chromatin. Although most regulatory elements are cell type-specific, a subset is accessible in nearly all the 517 human and 94 mouse cell and tissue types assayed by the ENCODE consortium. We systematically analyzed 9000 human and 8000 mouse ubiquitously-accessible candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) with promoter-like signatures (PLSs) from ENCODE, which we denote ubi-PLSs. These are more CpG-rich than non-ubi-PLSs and correspond to genes with ubiquitously high transcription, including a majority of cell-essential genes. ubi-PLSs are enriched with motifs of ubiquitously-expressed transcription factors and preferentially bound by transcriptional cofactors regulating ubiquitously-expressed genes. They are highly conserved between human and mouse at the synteny level but exhibit frequent turnover of motif sites; accordingly, ubi-PLSs show increased variation at their centers compared with flanking regions among the ∼186 thousand human genomes sequenced by the TOPMed project. Finally, ubi-PLSs are enriched in genes implicated in Mendelian diseases, especially diseases broadly impacting most cell types, such as deficiencies in mitochondrial functions. Thus, a set of roughly 9000 mammalian promoters are actively maintained in an accessible state across cell types by a distinct set of transcription factors and cofactors to ensure the transcriptional programs of cell-essential genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Xiao-ou Zhang
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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25
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Abstract
Invasive fungal disease continues to be a cause of significant life-threatening morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in those with a diminished immune system, such as with haematological malignancies. The mainstay of treating such life-threatening fungal infection has been antifungal drugs, including azoles, echinocandins and macrocyclic polyenes. However, like antibiotic resistance, antifungal resistance is beginning to emerge, potentially jeopardizing the effectiveness of these molecules in the treatment of fungal disease. One strategy to avoid this is the development of fungal vaccines. However, the inability to provoke a sufficient immune response in the most vulnerable immunocompromised groups has hindered translation from bench to bedside. This review will assess the latest available data and will investigate potential Aspergillus antigens and feasible vaccine techniques, particularly for vaccination of high-risk groups, including immunocompromised and immunosuppressed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T Pattison
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - B C Millar
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J E Moore
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, the Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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26
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van der Velde A, Fan K, Tsuji J, Moore JE, Purcaro MJ, Pratt HE, Weng Z. Annotation of chromatin states in 66 complete mouse epigenomes during development. Commun Biol 2021; 4:239. [PMID: 33619351 PMCID: PMC7900196 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01756-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphologically and functionally distinct cell types of a multicellular organism are maintained by their unique epigenomes and gene expression programs. Phase III of the ENCODE Project profiled 66 mouse epigenomes across twelve tissues at daily intervals from embryonic day 11.5 to birth. Applying the ChromHMM algorithm to these epigenomes, we annotated eighteen chromatin states with characteristics of promoters, enhancers, transcribed regions, repressed regions, and quiescent regions. Our integrative analyses delineate the tissue specificity and developmental trajectory of the loci in these chromatin states. Approximately 0.3% of each epigenome is assigned to a bivalent chromatin state, which harbors both active marks and the repressive mark H3K27me3. Highly evolutionarily conserved, these loci are enriched in silencers bound by polycomb repressive complex proteins, and the transcription start sites of their silenced target genes. This collection of chromatin state assignments provides a useful resource for studying mammalian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan van der Velde
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Kaili Fan
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Junko Tsuji
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Purcaro
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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27
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Moore JE, Millar BC. Meningococcal vaccination of laboratory workers. J Hosp Infect 2020; 108:217-218. [PMID: 33232778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - B C Millar
- Laboratory for Disinfection and Pathogen Elimination Studies, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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28
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McIlroy R, Millar BC, Nelson DW, Murphy A, Rao JR, Downey DG, Moore JE. Pseudomonas aeruginosa - Candida interplay: effect on in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa when grown in the presence of Candida culture. Br J Biomed Sci 2020; 78:95-97. [PMID: 32887537 DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2020.1819003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R McIlroy
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute For Experimental Medicine, Queen's University , Belfast, UK.,Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory , Department of Bacteriology, Belfast, UK.,Plant Pathology, AgriFood & Biosciences Institute , Belfast, UK
| | - B C Millar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute For Experimental Medicine, Queen's University , Belfast, UK.,Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory , Department of Bacteriology, Belfast, UK
| | - D W Nelson
- Plant Pathology, AgriFood & Biosciences Institute , Belfast, UK
| | - A Murphy
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory , Department of Bacteriology, Belfast, UK
| | - J R Rao
- Plant Pathology, AgriFood & Biosciences Institute , Belfast, UK
| | - D G Downey
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute For Experimental Medicine, Queen's University , Belfast, UK.,Northern Ireland Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Level 8, Belfast City Hospital , Belfast, UK
| | - J E Moore
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute For Experimental Medicine, Queen's University , Belfast, UK.,Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory , Department of Bacteriology, Belfast, UK
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29
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Li X, Li Z, Zhou H, Gaynor SM, Liu Y, Chen H, Sun R, Dey R, Arnett DK, Aslibekyan S, Ballantyne CM, Bielak LF, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Bowden DW, Broome JG, Conomos MP, Correa A, Cupples LA, Curran JE, Freedman BI, Guo X, Hindy G, Irvin MR, Kardia SLR, Kathiresan S, Khan AT, Kooperberg CL, Laurie CC, Liu XS, Mahaney MC, Manichaikul AW, Martin LW, Mathias RA, McGarvey ST, Mitchell BD, Montasser ME, Moore JE, Morrison AC, O'Connell JR, Palmer ND, Pampana A, Peralta JM, Peyser PA, Psaty BM, Redline S, Rice KM, Rich SS, Smith JA, Tiwari HK, Tsai MY, Vasan RS, Wang FF, Weeks DE, Weng Z, Wilson JG, Yanek LR, Neale BM, Sunyaev SR, Abecasis GR, Rotter JI, Willer CJ, Peloso GM, Natarajan P, Lin X. Dynamic incorporation of multiple in silico functional annotations empowers rare variant association analysis of large whole-genome sequencing studies at scale. Nat Genet 2020; 52:969-983. [PMID: 32839606 PMCID: PMC7483769 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-0676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies have enabled the analysis of rare variants (RVs) associated with complex phenotypes. Commonly used RV association tests have limited scope to leverage variant functions. We propose STAAR (variant-set test for association using annotation information), a scalable and powerful RV association test method that effectively incorporates both variant categories and multiple complementary annotations using a dynamic weighting scheme. For the latter, we introduce 'annotation principal components', multidimensional summaries of in silico variant annotations. STAAR accounts for population structure and relatedness and is scalable for analyzing very large cohort and biobank whole-genome sequencing studies of continuous and dichotomous traits. We applied STAAR to identify RVs associated with four lipid traits in 12,316 discovery and 17,822 replication samples from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Program. We discovered and replicated new RV associations, including disruptive missense RVs of NPC1L1 and an intergenic region near APOC1P1 associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zilin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hufeng Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheila M Gaynor
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yaowu Liu
- School of Statistics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Chen
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Public Health and School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rounak Dey
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jai G Broome
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew P Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyna T Khan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles L Kooperberg
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Mahaney
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lisa W Martin
- Division of Cardiology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore VA Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Akhil Pampana
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan M Peralta
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth M Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Boston University, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Fei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics and Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- GeneSTAR Research Program, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shamil R Sunyaev
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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30
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Moore JE, Millar BC. Successful disinfection of trumpet mouthpieces using domestic steam disinfection. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:506-509. [PMID: 32745274 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There have been numerous reports in the literature describing the diversity of microbial flora isolated from woodwind and brass instruments, with potential infection risks for players, especially when such instruments are shared. Steam disinfection has become established as a trusted method of decontamination; however, there have been no reports on the employment of this technology to disinfect parts of musical instruments, hence it was the aim of this study to examine the fate of bacterial and yeast pathogens on artificially contaminated trumpet mouthpieces and to evaluate whether such disinfection is an effective method of disinfection for such instrument parts. Trumpet mouthpieces were artificially contaminated with 18 microbial strains (17 bacteria from four genera (Enterococcus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) and one yeast (Candida)), each at an inoculum density of approximately 1·5 × 107 colony forming units and subjected to a disinfection cycle. The experiment was repeated including 50% (v/v) sterile sputum as soil. No bacteria or yeast organisms were recovered post disinfection, including following recovery and with nonselective cultural enrichment techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Nightingale (Belfast City) Hospital, Belfast, UK.,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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31
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Moore JE, Purcaro MJ, Pratt HE, Epstein CB, Shoresh N, Adrian J, Kawli T, Davis CA, Dobin A, Kaul R, Halow J, Van Nostrand EL, Freese P, Gorkin DU, Shen Y, He Y, Mackiewicz M, Pauli-Behn F, Williams BA, Mortazavi A, Keller CA, Zhang XO, Elhajjajy SI, Huey J, Dickel DE, Snetkova V, Wei X, Wang X, Rivera-Mulia JC, Rozowsky J, Zhang J, Chhetri SB, Zhang J, Victorsen A, White KP, Visel A, Yeo GW, Burge CB, Lécuyer E, Gilbert DM, Dekker J, Rinn J, Mendenhall EM, Ecker JR, Kellis M, Klein RJ, Noble WS, Kundaje A, Guigó R, Farnham PJ, Cherry JM, Myers RM, Ren B, Graveley BR, Gerstein MB, Pennacchio LA, Snyder MP, Bernstein BE, Wold B, Hardison RC, Gingeras TR, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Weng Z. Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes. Nature 2020; 583:699-710. [PMID: 32728249 PMCID: PMC7410828 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2493-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 919] [Impact Index Per Article: 229.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human and mouse genomes contain instructions that specify RNAs and proteins and govern the timing, magnitude, and cellular context of their production. To better delineate these elements, phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project has expanded analysis of the cell and tissue repertoires of RNA transcription, chromatin structure and modification, DNA methylation, chromatin looping, and occupancy by transcription factors and RNA-binding proteins. Here we summarize these efforts, which have produced 5,992 new experimental datasets, including systematic determinations across mouse fetal development. All data are available through the ENCODE data portal (https://www.encodeproject.org), including phase II ENCODE1 and Roadmap Epigenomics2 data. We have developed a registry of 926,535 human and 339,815 mouse candidate cis-regulatory elements, covering 7.9 and 3.4% of their respective genomes, by integrating selected datatypes associated with gene regulation, and constructed a web-based server (SCREEN; http://screen.encodeproject.org) to provide flexible, user-defined access to this resource. Collectively, the ENCODE data and registry provide an expansive resource for the scientific community to build a better understanding of the organization and function of the human and mouse genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Moore
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Purcaro
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Noam Shoresh
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jessika Adrian
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Trupti Kawli
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Carrie A Davis
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Dobin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Rajinder Kaul
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jessica Halow
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eric L Van Nostrand
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter Freese
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David U Gorkin
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yupeng He
- Genomics Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mackiewicz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Brian A Williams
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Keller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Zhang
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shaimae I Elhajjajy
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jack Huey
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Dickel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Snetkova
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xintao Wei
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Juan Carlos Rivera-Mulia
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Surya B Chhetri
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jialing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alec Victorsen
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Axel Visel
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Stem Cell Program, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Burge
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric Lécuyer
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David M Gilbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Job Dekker
- HHMI and Program in Systems Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - John Rinn
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Eric M Mendenhall
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
- Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomics Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert J Klein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - William S Noble
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Roderic Guigó
- Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peggy J Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Michael Cherry
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
| | - Bing Ren
- Center for Epigenomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Brenton R Graveley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | | | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Barbara Wold
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - Thomas R Gingeras
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Zhiping Weng
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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32
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Snyder MP, Gingeras TR, Moore JE, Weng Z, Gerstein MB, Ren B, Hardison RC, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Graveley BR, Feingold EA, Pazin MJ, Pagan M, Gilchrist DA, Hitz BC, Cherry JM, Bernstein BE, Mendenhall EM, Zerbino DR, Frankish A, Flicek P, Myers RM. Perspectives on ENCODE. Nature 2020; 583:693-698. [PMID: 32728248 PMCID: PMC7410827 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Encylopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) Project launched in 2003 with the long-term goal of developing a comprehensive map of functional elements in the human genome. These included genes, biochemical regions associated with gene regulation (for example, transcription factor binding sites, open chromatin, and histone marks) and transcript isoforms. The marks serve as sites for candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) that may serve functional roles in regulating gene expression1. The project has been extended to model organisms, particularly the mouse. In the third phase of ENCODE, nearly a million and more than 300,000 cCRE annotations have been generated for human and mouse, respectively, and these have provided a valuable resource for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Thomas R Gingeras
- Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Jill E Moore
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ross C Hardison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - John A Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brenton R Graveley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elise A Feingold
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Pazin
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Pagan
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel A Gilchrist
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin C Hitz
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - J Michael Cherry
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Broad Institute and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Mendenhall
- Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Daniel R Zerbino
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Frankish
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
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Aprà E, Bylaska EJ, de Jong WA, Govind N, Kowalski K, Straatsma TP, Valiev M, van Dam HJJ, Alexeev Y, Anchell J, Anisimov V, Aquino FW, Atta-Fynn R, Autschbach J, Bauman NP, Becca JC, Bernholdt DE, Bhaskaran-Nair K, Bogatko S, Borowski P, Boschen J, Brabec J, Bruner A, Cauët E, Chen Y, Chuev GN, Cramer CJ, Daily J, Deegan MJO, Dunning TH, Dupuis M, Dyall KG, Fann GI, Fischer SA, Fonari A, Früchtl H, Gagliardi L, Garza J, Gawande N, Ghosh S, Glaesemann K, Götz AW, Hammond J, Helms V, Hermes ED, Hirao K, Hirata S, Jacquelin M, Jensen L, Johnson BG, Jónsson H, Kendall RA, Klemm M, Kobayashi R, Konkov V, Krishnamoorthy S, Krishnan M, Lin Z, Lins RD, Littlefield RJ, Logsdail AJ, Lopata K, Ma W, Marenich AV, Martin Del Campo J, Mejia-Rodriguez D, Moore JE, Mullin JM, Nakajima T, Nascimento DR, Nichols JA, Nichols PJ, Nieplocha J, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Palmer B, Panyala A, Pirojsirikul T, Peng B, Peverati R, Pittner J, Pollack L, Richard RM, Sadayappan P, Schatz GC, Shelton WA, Silverstein DW, Smith DMA, Soares TA, Song D, Swart M, Taylor HL, Thomas GS, Tipparaju V, Truhlar DG, Tsemekhman K, Van Voorhis T, Vázquez-Mayagoitia Á, Verma P, Villa O, Vishnu A, Vogiatzis KD, Wang D, Weare JH, Williamson MJ, Windus TL, Woliński K, Wong AT, Wu Q, Yang C, Yu Q, Zacharias M, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Harrison RJ. NWChem: Past, present, and future. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184102. [PMID: 32414274 DOI: 10.1063/5.0004997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized computational chemistry packages have permanently reshaped the landscape of chemical and materials science by providing tools to support and guide experimental efforts and for the prediction of atomistic and electronic properties. In this regard, electronic structure packages have played a special role by using first-principle-driven methodologies to model complex chemical and materials processes. Over the past few decades, the rapid development of computing technologies and the tremendous increase in computational power have offered a unique chance to study complex transformations using sophisticated and predictive many-body techniques that describe correlated behavior of electrons in molecular and condensed phase systems at different levels of theory. In enabling these simulations, novel parallel algorithms have been able to take advantage of computational resources to address the polynomial scaling of electronic structure methods. In this paper, we briefly review the NWChem computational chemistry suite, including its history, design principles, parallel tools, current capabilities, outreach, and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aprà
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - E J Bylaska
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - W A de Jong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - N Govind
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K Kowalski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T P Straatsma
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Valiev
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - H J J van Dam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Y Alexeev
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Anchell
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - V Anisimov
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - F W Aquino
- QSimulate, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R Atta-Fynn
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA
| | - J Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - N P Bauman
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J C Becca
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D E Bernholdt
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - S Bogatko
- 4G Clinical, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, USA
| | - P Borowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - J Boschen
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Brabec
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - A Bruner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Tennessee at Martin, Martin, Tennessee 38238, USA
| | - E Cauët
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CP 160/09), Université libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Y Chen
- Facebook, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G N Chuev
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Science, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - C J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Daily
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M J O Deegan
- SKAO, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield SK11 9DL, United Kingdom
| | - T H Dunning
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Dupuis
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - K G Dyall
- Dirac Solutions, Portland, Oregon 97229, USA
| | - G I Fann
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S A Fischer
- Chemistry Division, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - A Fonari
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - H Früchtl
- EaStCHEM and School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - L Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Garza
- Departamento de Química, División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N Gawande
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - S Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 5545, USA
| | - K Glaesemann
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A W Götz
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Hammond
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - V Helms
- Center for Bioinformatics, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - E D Hermes
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - K Hirao
- Next-generation Molecular Theory Unit, Advanced Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Hirata
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - M Jacquelin
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - B G Johnson
- Acrobatiq, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206, USA
| | - H Jónsson
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - R A Kendall
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Klemm
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - R Kobayashi
- ANU Supercomputer Facility, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - V Konkov
- Chemistry Program, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - S Krishnamoorthy
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Krishnan
- Facebook, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Z Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R D Lins
- Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - A J Logsdail
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - K Lopata
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - W Ma
- Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - A V Marenich
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - J Martin Del Campo
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - D Mejia-Rodriguez
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J E Moore
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - J M Mullin
- DCI-Solutions, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, USA
| | - T Nakajima
- Computational Molecular Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - D R Nascimento
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J A Nichols
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - P J Nichols
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Nieplocha
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Otero-de-la-Roza
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - B Palmer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - A Panyala
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Pirojsirikul
- Department of Chemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - B Peng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Peverati
- Chemistry Program, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - J Pittner
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - L Pollack
- StudyPoint, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | - P Sadayappan
- School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - G C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - W A Shelton
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | | | - D M A Smith
- Intel Corporation, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - T A Soares
- Dept. of Fundamental Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - D Song
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Swart
- ICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain and Universitat Girona, Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - H L Taylor
- CD-adapco/Siemens, Melville, New York 11747, USA
| | - G S Thomas
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - V Tipparaju
- Cray Inc., Bloomington, Minnesota 55425, USA
| | - D G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | | - T Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Á Vázquez-Mayagoitia
- Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Verma
- 1QBit, Vancouver, British Columbia V6E 4B1, Canada
| | - O Villa
- NVIDIA, Santa Clara, California 95051, USA
| | - A Vishnu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K D Vogiatzis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - D Wang
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - J H Weare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - M J Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - T L Windus
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - K Woliński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - A T Wong
- Qwil, San Francisco, California 94107, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Yang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Q Yu
- AMD, Santa Clara, California 95054, USA
| | - M Zacharias
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Z Zhang
- Stanford Research Computing Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - R J Harrison
- Institute for Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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Moore JE, Millar BC. The day the agar stopped working: what emerging antimicrobial resistance (AMR) means for microbiology laboratory testing-potential effects on infectious disease reporting. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:973-975. [PMID: 32360776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK; School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast Northern Ireland, UK
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Moore JE, Pratt HE, Purcaro MJ, Weng Z. A curated benchmark of enhancer-gene interactions for evaluating enhancer-target gene prediction methods. Genome Biol 2020; 21:17. [PMID: 31969180 PMCID: PMC6977301 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1924-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many genome-wide collections of candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) have been defined using genomic and epigenomic data, but it remains a major challenge to connect these elements to their target genes. RESULTS To facilitate the development of computational methods for predicting target genes, we develop a Benchmark of candidate Enhancer-Gene Interactions (BENGI) by integrating the recently developed Registry of cCREs with experimentally derived genomic interactions. We use BENGI to test several published computational methods for linking enhancers with genes, including signal correlation and the TargetFinder and PEP supervised learning methods. We find that while TargetFinder is the best-performing method, it is only modestly better than a baseline distance method for most benchmark datasets when trained and tested with the same cell type and that TargetFinder often does not outperform the distance method when applied across cell types. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that current computational methods need to be improved and that BENGI presents a useful framework for method development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Michael J Purcaro
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
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Jafarnejad M, Ismail AZ, Duarte D, Vyas C, Ghahramani A, Zawieja DC, Lo Celso C, Poologasundarampillai G, Moore JE. Quantification of the Whole Lymph Node Vasculature Based on Tomography of the Vessel Corrosion Casts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13380. [PMID: 31527597 PMCID: PMC6746739 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes (LN) are crucial for immune function, and comprise an important interface between the blood and lymphatic systems. Blood vessels (BV) in LN are highly specialized, featuring high endothelial venules across which most of the resident lymphocytes crossed. Previous measurements of overall lymph and BV flow rates demonstrated that fluid also crosses BV walls, and that this is important for immune function. However, the spatial distribution of the BV in LN has not been quantified to the degree necessary to analyse the distribution of transmural fluid movement. In this study, we seek to quantify the spatial localization of LNBV, and to predict fluid movement across BV walls. MicroCT imaging of murine popliteal LN showed that capillaries were responsible for approximately 75% of the BV wall surface area, and that this was mostly distributed around the periphery of the node. We then modelled blood flow through the BV to obtain spatially resolved hydrostatic pressures, which were then combined with Starling’s law to predict transmural flow. Much of the total 10 nL/min transmural flow (under normal conditions) was concentrated in the periphery, corresponding closely with surface area distribution. These results provide important insights into the inner workings of LN, and provide a basis for further exploration of the role of LN flow patterns in normal and pathological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jafarnejad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - A Z Ismail
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - D Duarte
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Vyas
- The School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - A Ghahramani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - D C Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas, 76504, USA
| | - C Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - J E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Boyle M, Moore JE, Whitehouse JL, Bilton D, Downey DG. The diagnosis and management of respiratory tract fungal infection in cystic fibrosis: A UK survey of current practice. Med Mycol 2019; 57:155-160. [PMID: 29554296 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is commonly found in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is the most recognized associated clinical condition. However, accurate diagnosis remains challenging, and there is a paucity of clinical trials to guide clinical management of fungal disease. The aim of this survey was to assess the variability in current practice across the UK in diagnosis and management of fungal lung disease in CF patients. A 21 question anonymous online survey was sent to 94 paediatric and adult CF consultants in the UK. The response rate was 60.6% (32 adult physicians, 25 pediatricians) with 55 full and 2 partially completed surveys. For a first diagnosis of ABPA 20 (35.1%) treat with prednisolone alone, 38 (66.7%) use prednisolone with itraconazole and 2 (3.5%) choose voriconazole. Only 5 (8.8%) treat with prednisolone alone for a 1st relapse, 33 (58%) used prednisolone with itraconazole. To reduce treatment, 21 (36.8%) decrease steroids to zero over time and maintain azole therapy, 18 (31.6%) stop the azole and steroid after a fixed time, and 5 (8.8%) stop the azole after a fixed time and maintain a small steroid dose. Thirty-eight (66.7%) respondents believe Aspergillus colonization of the airway can cause clinical deterioration, and 37 (66.1%) would treat this. Scedosporium apiospermum infection has been diagnosed and treated by 35 (61.4%) of respondents. Results of this survey highlight the variance in clinical practice and the limited evidence available to guide management of fungal infection in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Boyle
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult CF Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult CF Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - D Bilton
- Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - D G Downey
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult CF Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Nelson D, Moore JE, Millar BC, Rao JR. ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF NATIVE ULSTER MACROFUNGI (MUSHROOMS AND TOADSTOOLS) TO CLINICAL PATHOGENS. Ulster Med J 2019; 88:130-132. [PMID: 31105354 PMCID: PMC6500400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Nelson
- Plant Pathology Research Division, AgriFood & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK.,,Correspondence to: Dr. David Nelson E-mail:
| | - JE Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - BC Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - JR Rao
- Plant Pathology Research Division, AgriFood & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland, UK
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Bashir NY, Moore JE, Buckland D, Rodrigues M, Tonelli M, Thombs BD, Bell NR, Isaranuwatchai W, Peng T, Shilman DM, Straus SE. Are patient education materials about cancer screening more effective when co-created with patients? A qualitative interview study and randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 26:124-136. [PMID: 31043815 DOI: 10.3747/co.26.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Patient education materials (pems) are frequently used to help patients make cancer screening decisions. However, because pems are typically developed by experts, they might inadequately address patient barriers to screening. We co-created, with patients, a prostate cancer (pca) screening pem, and we compared how the co-created pem and a pem developed by experts affected decisional conflict and screening intention in patients. Methods We identified and used patient barriers to pca screening to co-create a pca screening pem with patients, clinicians, and researchers. We then conducted a parallel-group randomized controlled trial with men 40 years of age and older in Ontario to compare decisional conflict and intention about pca screening after those men had viewed the co-created pem (intervention) or an expert-created pem (control). Participants were randomized using dynamic block randomization, and the study team was blinded to the allocation. Results Of 287 participants randomized to exposure to the co-created pem, 230 were analyzed, and of 287 randomized to exposure to the expert-created pem, 223 were analyzed. After pem exposure, intervention and control participants did not differ significantly in Decisional Conflict Scale scores [mean difference: 0.37 ± 1.23; 95% confidence interval (ci): -2.05 to 2.79]; in sure (Sure of myself, Understand information, Risk-benefit ratio, or Encouragement) scores (odds ratio: 0.75; 95% ci: 0.52 to 1.08); or in screening intention (mean difference: 0.09 ± 0.08; 95% ci: -0.06 to 0.24]). Conclusions The effectiveness of the co-created pem did not differ from that of the pem developed by experts. Thus, pem developers should choose the method that best fits their goals and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Bashir
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - J E Moore
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - D Buckland
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - M Rodrigues
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - M Tonelli
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB
| | - B D Thombs
- Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, and McGill University, Montreal, QC
| | - N R Bell
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - W Isaranuwatchai
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - T Peng
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - D M Shilman
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON
| | - S E Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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40
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Fu S, Wang Q, Moore JE, Purcaro MJ, Pratt HE, Fan K, Gu C, Jiang C, Zhu R, Kundaje A, Lu A, Weng Z. Differential analysis of chromatin accessibility and histone modifications for predicting mouse developmental enhancers. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:11184-11201. [PMID: 30137428 PMCID: PMC6265487 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancers are distal cis-regulatory elements that modulate gene expression. They are depleted of nucleosomes and enriched in specific histone modifications; thus, calling DNase-seq and histone mark ChIP-seq peaks can predict enhancers. We evaluated nine peak-calling algorithms for predicting enhancers validated by transgenic mouse assays. DNase and H3K27ac peaks were consistently more predictive than H3K4me1/2/3 and H3K9ac peaks. DFilter and Hotspot2 were the best DNase peak callers, while HOMER, MUSIC, MACS2, DFilter and F-seq were the best H3K27ac peak callers. We observed that the differential DNase or H3K27ac signals between two distant tissues increased the area under the precision-recall curve (PR-AUC) of DNase peaks by 17.5-166.7% and that of H3K27ac peaks by 7.1-22.2%. We further improved this differential signal method using multiple contrast tissues. Evaluated using a blind test, the differential H3K27ac signal method substantially improved PR-AUC from 0.48 to 0.75 for predicting heart enhancers. We further validated our approach using postnatal retina and cerebral cortex enhancers identified by massively parallel reporter assays, and observed improvements for both tissues. In summary, we compared nine peak callers and devised a superior method for predicting tissue-specific mouse developmental enhancers by reranking the called peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaliu Fu
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jill E Moore
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael J Purcaro
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Henry E Pratt
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Kaili Fan
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cuihua Gu
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Anshul Kundaje
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aiping Lu
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhiping Weng
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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41
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Bell J, Moore JE, Millar BC. Cleaning of inpatient nebulizer devices in cystic fibrosis patients: the urgent need for universal guidelines. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:e64-e66. [PMID: 30369424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Bell
- Northern Ireland Paediatric CF Centre, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, UK.
| | - J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Level 8, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK; Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
| | - B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Level 8, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK; Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, UK
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42
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Millar BC, Rendall JC, Downey DG, Moore JE. Does ivacaftor interfere with the antimicrobial activity of commonly used antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa?-Results of an in vitro study. J Clin Pharm Ther 2018; 43:836-843. [PMID: 29959786 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Ivacaftor is a novel potentiator of defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which corrects the gating defect and increases ion-function of activated cell-surface CFTR. Bacteria also regulate their physiology through ion channels. However, little is known about the potential effects of ivacaftor on bacterial ion channels, which, in turn, may have a potential effect on transport across the bacterial cell membrane. Therefore, any change in the ability to transport molecules across cell membranes in bacteria could have an important impact on bacterial transport physiology. One area where this could be particularly important is in the movement of antibiotics, both into and out of the bacterial cell. An in vitro study was therefore performed to examine the influence of ivacaftor at therapeutic concentration on antibiotic susceptibility of 11 commonly used anti-pseudomonal antibiotics against a population of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa [PA], from CF and non-CF sources. METHOD Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 80; including 70 ivacaftor-naïve clinical PA from sputa from adult CF patients and 10 control PA from non-CF clinical blood culture sources) were examined. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by standard disc diffusion assay using CLSI criteria and measuring zone size (mm), against four classes of anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, including beta-lactams (temocillin, ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem and aztreonam), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin), fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) and polymyxin (colistin), in the absence and presence of ivacaftor (5 μmol/L), as previously determined. In addition, all CF and non-CF PA were examined phenotypically in vitro, as previously described, for changes linked to bacterial virulence, including (i) growth density (ii) pigmentation, (iii) presence of adhesins and (iv) change to mucoidy, in the presence/absence of ivacaftor at therapeutic concentration. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Antibiotic susceptibility did not decrease significantly with any of the antibiotics examined with CF PA isolates or with non-CF PA control organisms. There was a statistically significant increase in zone size (CF PA and amikacin, gentamicin, temocillin and ciprofloxacin; Non-CF PA and amikacin, gentamicin and aztreonam). However, at a population level, this did not translate into a shift in CLSI category to a more susceptible phenotype. None of the PA isolates examined were susceptible to ivacaftor alone, and additionally, no changes were noted with the four phenotypic parameters examined in the presence of ivacaftor. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION This study showed that antibiotic susceptibility of commonly used anti-pseudomonal antibiotics was not negatively affected by ivacaftor, in a population of ivacaftor-naive P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - J C Rendall
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Level 8, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - D G Downey
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Level 8, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.,Northern Ireland Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Level 8, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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43
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Millar BC, Banks L, Bourke TW, Cunningham M, Dooley JSG, Elshibly S, Goldsmith CE, Fairley D, Jackson K, Lamont S, Jessop L, McCrudden E, McConnell D, McAuley K, McKenna JP, Moore PJA, Smithson R, Stirling J, Shields M, Moore JE. Meningococcal Disease Section 4: Post Disease Complications, Charity Support and Future Perspectives: MeningoNI Forum. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018; 87:99-101. [PMID: 29867263 PMCID: PMC5974664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BC Millar
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - L Banks
- Meningitis Now, Stroud, Gloucestershire GL5 3TJ
| | - TW Bourke
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - M Cunningham
- University Health Centre at Queen’s, 7 University Terrace, Belfast, BT7 1NP
| | - JSG Dooley
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - S Elshibly
- Department of Microbiology, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, BT41 2RL
| | - CE Goldsmith
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - D Fairley
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - K Jackson
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - S Lamont
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - L Jessop
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - E McCrudden
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - D McConnell
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - K McAuley
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - JP McKenna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - PJA Moore
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - R Smithson
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - J Stirling
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - M Shields
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - JE Moore
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN,Correspondence to Professor John E. Moore, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD. E-mail:
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44
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Millar BC, Banks L, Bourke TW, Cunningham M, Dooley JSG, Elshibly S, Goldsmith CE, Fairley D, Jackson K, Lamont S, Jessop L, McCrudden E, McConnell D, McAuley K, McKenna JP, Moore PJA, Smithson R, Stirling J, Shields M, Moore JE. Meningococcal Disease Section 3: Diagnosis and Management: MeningoNI Forum. Ulster Med J 2018; 87:94-98. [PMID: 29867262 PMCID: PMC5974663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BC Millar
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - L Banks
- Meningitis Now, Stroud, Gloucestershire GL5 3TJ
| | - TW Bourke
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - M Cunningham
- University Health Centre at Queen’s, 7 University Terrace, Belfast, BT7 1NP
| | - JSG Dooley
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - S Elshibly
- Department of Microbiology, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, BT41 2RL
| | - CE Goldsmith
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - D Fairley
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - K Jackson
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - S Lamont
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - L Jessop
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - E McCrudden
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - D McConnell
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - K McAuley
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - JP McKenna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - PJA Moore
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - R Smithson
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - J Stirling
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - M Shields
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - JE Moore
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
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45
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Millar BC, Banks L, Bourke TW, Cunningham M, Dooley JSG, Elshibly S, Goldsmith CE, Fairley D, Jackson K, Lamont S, Jessop L, McCrudden E, McConnell D, McAuley K, McKenna JP, Moore PJA, Smithson R, Stirling J, Shields M, Moore JE. Meningococcal Disease in Northern Ireland - Past, Present & Future: MeningoNI Forum. Ulster Med J 2018; 87:83. [PMID: 29867259 PMCID: PMC5974660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Meningococcal disease has had devastating consequences in Northern Ireland since its first description locally in 1859. The incidence of this disease has significantly declined in recent years, however it is important to understand reasons for this changing epidemiology and to acknowledge the diagnostic and clinical management developments that have been made locally. This review aims to examine the changing face of this disease in Northern Ireland over the years, with particular reference to local disease prevention, epidemiology, diagnosis, clinical treatment and management, post-disease sequelae and the role of meningitis charities locally, in terms of patient support and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- BC Millar
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - L Banks
- Meningitis Now, Stroud, Gloucestershire GL5 3TJ
| | - TW Bourke
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - M Cunningham
- University Health Centre at Queen’s, 7 University Terrace, Belfast, BT7 1NP
| | - JSG Dooley
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - S Elshibly
- Department of Microbiology, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, BT41 2RL
| | - CE Goldsmith
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - D Fairley
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - K Jackson
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - S Lamont
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - L Jessop
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - E McCrudden
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - D McConnell
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - K McAuley
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - JP McKenna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - PJA Moore
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - R Smithson
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - J Stirling
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - M Shields
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - JE Moore
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN,Correspondence to Professor John E. Moore, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,
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46
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Millar BC, Banks L, Bourke TW, Cunningham M, Dooley JSG, Elshibly S, Goldsmith CE, Fairley D, Jackson K, Lamont S, Jessop L, McCrudden E, McConnell D, McAuley K, McKenna JP, Moore PJA, Smithson R, Stirling J, Shields M, Moore JE. Meningococcal Disease Section 1: Microbiology And Historical Perspective: MeningoNI Forum. Ulster Med J 2018; 87:84-87. [PMID: 29867260 PMCID: PMC5974661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BC Millar
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - L Banks
- Meningitis Now, Stroud, Gloucestershire GL5 3TJ
| | - TW Bourke
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - M Cunningham
- University Health Centre at Queen’s, 7 University Terrace, Belfast, BT7 1NP
| | - JSG Dooley
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - S Elshibly
- Department of Microbiology, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, BT41 2RL
| | - CE Goldsmith
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - D Fairley
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - K Jackson
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - S Lamont
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - L Jessop
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - E McCrudden
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - D McConnell
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - K McAuley
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - JP McKenna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - PJA Moore
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - R Smithson
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - J Stirling
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - M Shields
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - JE Moore
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN,Correspondence to Professor John E. Moore, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD. E-mail:
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47
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Millar BC, Banks L, Bourke TW, Cunningham M, Dooley JSG, Elshibly S, Goldsmith CE, Fairley D, Jackson K, Lamont S, Jessop L, McCrudden E, McConnell D, McAuley K, McKenna JP, Moore PJA, Smithson R, Stirling J, Shields M, Moore JE. Meningococcal Disease Section 2: Epidemiology and Vaccination of Meningococcal Disease in Northern Ireland: MeningoNI Forum. Ulster Med J 2018; 87:88-93. [PMID: 29867261 PMCID: PMC5974662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- BC Millar
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - L Banks
- Meningitis Now, Stroud, Gloucestershire GL5 3TJ
| | - TW Bourke
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - M Cunningham
- University Health Centre at Queen’s, 7 University Terrace, Belfast, BT7 1NP
| | - JSG Dooley
- School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA
| | - S Elshibly
- Department of Microbiology, Antrim Area Hospital, Antrim, BT41 2RL
| | - CE Goldsmith
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - D Fairley
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - K Jackson
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - S Lamont
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - L Jessop
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - E McCrudden
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE
| | - D McConnell
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - K McAuley
- Meningitis Research Foundation, 71 Botanic Avenue, Belfast, BT7 1JL
| | - JP McKenna
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals Belfast, BT12 6BA
| | - PJA Moore
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - R Smithson
- Northern Ireland Public Health Agency, Belfast, BT2 8BS
| | - J Stirling
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD
| | - M Shields
- The Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, BT12 6BE,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN
| | - JE Moore
- Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD,School of Biomedical Science, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, BT52 1SA,School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN,Correspondence to Professor John E. Moore, Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AD. E-mail:
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Gramegna A, Millar BC, Blasi F, Elborn JS, Downey DG, Moore JE. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria in adults with cystic fibrosis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:224-227. [PMID: 29559421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) caused by chronic Gram-negative bacterial infections are associated with reduced survival. These pathogens are usually treated with repeated courses of systemic antimicrobial agents. However, there is associated emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) is a novel cephalosporin/β-lactamase inhibitor combination that has been demonstrated to have good activity against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS In this study, C/T was compared with other commonly used intravenous antimicrobial agents against 193 non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria isolated from CF sputum specimens, including P. aeruginosa, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cenocepacia. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to C/T were determined by standard Etest assay and were interpreted according to current European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. RESULTS C/T had good in vitro antimicrobial activity against CF clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in comparison with other antimicrobial agents, with the exception of colistin. C/T also had activity against S. maltophilia but was not active against B. cenocepacia or A. xylosoxidans. CONCLUSION C/T showed excellent in vitro activity against P. aeruginosa CF clinical isolates. This antimicrobial agent is a potential therapeutic option when presented with challenging MDR P. aeruginosa and S. maltophilia exacerbations. Further clinical experience and trials in CF are required to determine the place of C/T in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gramegna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Cardio-Thoracic Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Northern Ireland Regional Adult CF Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.
| | - B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK; School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - F Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Cardio-Thoracic Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - J S Elborn
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK; Imperial College and Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - D G Downey
- Northern Ireland Regional Adult CF Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK; Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK
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Caskey S, Moore JE, McCaughan J, Rendall JC. Belfast Agar–a simple laboratory medium to separate Pseudomonas aeruginosa from pan-resistant Burkholderia cenocepacia isolated from the sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Br J Biomed Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09674845.2017.1411018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Caskey
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - JE Moore
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - J McCaughan
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
- Department of Medical Microbiology, The Royal Group of Hospitals, Belfast, UK
| | - JC Rendall
- Regional Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
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Furukawa M, McCaughan J, Stirling J, Millar BC, Bell J, Goldsmith CE, Reid A, Misawa N, Moore JE. Muddy puddles - the microbiology of puddles located outside tertiary university teaching hospitals. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 66:284-292. [PMID: 29377174 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the British Isles, the frequency of rain results in the formation of puddles on footpaths and roads in/around hospitals. No data are available demonstrating the microbiological composition of such puddles and therefore a study was undertaken to examine the microbiology of puddles in the grounds of two tertiary university-teaching hospitals (18 sites) and compared with control puddles from non-hospital rural environments (eight sites), estimating (i) total viable count; (ii) identification of organisms in puddles; (iii) enumeration of Escherichia coli: (iv) detection of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase producing organisms and (v) direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing. A mean count of 2·3 × 103 CFU per ml and 1·0 × 109 CFU per ml was obtained for hospital and non-hospital puddles respectively. Isolates (n = 77; 54 hospital and 23 non-hospital) were isolated comprising of 23 species among 17 genera (hospital sites), where the majority (10/16; 62·5%) of genera identified were Gram-negative approximately, a fifth (20·6%) were shared by hospital and non-hospital rural samples. Escherichia coli was detected in half of the hospital puddles and under-half (37·5%) of the rural puddles extended spectrum β-lactamase organisms were not detected in any samples examined. Rainwater puddles from the hospital and non-hospital environments contain a diverse range of bacteria, which are capable of causing infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrated the presence of a wide diversity of bacterial taxa associated with rainwater puddles around hospitals, many of which are capable of causing human disease. Of clinical significance is the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a hospital puddle, particularly for patients with cystic fibrosis. The presence of potentially disease-causing bacteria in puddles in and around hospitals identifies a new potential environmental reservoir of bacteria. Furthermore work is now needed to define their potential of entering or exiting hospital wards by contaminated footwear.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furukawa
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - J McCaughan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - J Stirling
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - B C Millar
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - J Bell
- Northern Ireland Regional Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Royal Group of Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - C E Goldsmith
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - A Reid
- Northern Ireland Regional Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Royal Group of Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - N Misawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - J E Moore
- Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK.,Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK.,Northern Ireland Regional Paediatric Cystic Fibrosis Centre, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Royal Group of Hospital, Belfast, UK
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