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Jamaleddine H, Rogers D, Perreault G, Postat J, Patel D, Mandl JN, Khadra A. Chronic infection control relies on T cells with lower foreign antigen binding strength generated by N-nucleotide diversity. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002465. [PMID: 38300945 PMCID: PMC10833529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The breadth of pathogens to which T cells can respond is determined by the T cell receptors (TCRs) present in an individual's repertoire. Although more than 90% of the sequence diversity among TCRs is generated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated N-nucleotide addition during V(D)J recombination, the benefit of TdT-altered TCRs remains unclear. Here, we computationally and experimentally investigated whether TCRs with higher N-nucleotide diversity via TdT make distinct contributions to acute or chronic pathogen control specifically through the inclusion of TCRs with lower antigen binding strengths (i.e., lower reactivity to peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)). When T cells with high pMHC reactivity have a greater propensity to become functionally exhausted than those of low pMHC reactivity, our computational model predicts a shift toward T cells with low pMHC reactivity over time during chronic, but not acute, infections. This TCR-affinity shift is critical, as the elimination of T cells with lower pMHC reactivity in silico substantially increased the time to clear a chronic infection, while acute infection control remained largely unchanged. Corroborating an affinity-centric benefit for TCR diversification via TdT, we found evidence that TdT-deficient TCR repertoires possess fewer T cells with weaker pMHC binding strengths in vivo and showed that TdT-deficient mice infected with a chronic, but not an acute, viral pathogen led to protracted viral clearance. In contrast, in the case of a chronic fungal pathogen where T cells fail to clear the infection, both our computational model and experimental data showed that TdT-diversified TCR repertoires conferred no additional protection to the hosts. Taken together, our in silico and in vivo data suggest that TdT-mediated TCR diversity is of particular benefit for the eventual resolution of prolonged pathogen replication through the inclusion of TCRs with lower foreign antigen binding strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Perreault
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémy Postat
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dhanesh Patel
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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2
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Luo VM, Shen C, Worme S, Bhagrath A, Simo-Cheyou E, Findlay S, Hébert S, Wai Lam Poon W, Aryanpour Z, Zhang T, Zahedi RP, Boulais J, Buchwald ZS, Borchers CH, Côté JF, Kleinman CL, Mandl JN, Orthwein A. The Deubiquitylase Otub1 Regulates the Chemotactic Response of Splenic B Cells by Modulating the Stability of the γ-Subunit Gng2. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:1-16. [PMID: 38270191 PMCID: PMC10829841 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2290434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system performs the covalent attachment of lysine 48-linked polyubiquitin chains to substrate proteins, thereby targeting them for degradation, while deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse this process. This posttranslational modification regulates key features both of innate and adaptative immunity, including antigen presentation, protein homeostasis and signal transduction. Here we show that loss of one of the most highly expressed DUBs, Otub1, results in changes in murine splenic B cell subsets, leading to a significant increase in marginal zone and transitional B cells and a concomitant decrease in follicular B cells. We demonstrate that Otub1 interacts with the γ-subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein, Gng2, and modulates its ubiquitylation status, thereby controlling Gng2 stability. Proximal mapping of Gng2 revealed an enrichment in partners associated with chemokine signaling, actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. In line with these findings, we show that Otub1-deficient B cells exhibit greater Ca2+ mobilization, F-actin polymerization and chemotactic responsiveness to Cxcl12, Cxcl13 and S1P in vitro, which manifests in vivo as altered localization of B cells within the spleen. Together, our data establishes Otub1 as a novel regulator of G-protein coupled receptor signaling in B cells, regulating their differentiation and positioning in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M. Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Connie Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Samantha Worme
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Aanya Bhagrath
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Estelle Simo-Cheyou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven Findlay
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven Hébert
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - William Wai Lam Poon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zahra Aryanpour
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Zhang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - René P. Zahedi
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Zachary S. Buchwald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- Segal Cancer Proteomics Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Francois Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine (Programmes de Biologie Moléculaire), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia L. Kleinman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Textor J, Buytenhuijs F, Rogers D, Gauthier ÈM, Sultan S, Wortel IMN, Kalies K, Fähnrich A, Pagel R, Melichar HJ, Westermann J, Mandl JN. Machine learning analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire identifies sequence features of self-reactivity. Cell Syst 2023; 14:1059-1073.e5. [PMID: 38061355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) determines specificity and affinity for both foreign and self-peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although the strength of TCR interactions with self-pMHC impacts T cell function, it has been challenging to identify TCR sequence features that predict T cell fate. To discern patterns distinguishing TCRs from naive CD4+ T cells with low versus high self-reactivity, we used data from 42 mice to train a machine learning (ML) algorithm that identifies population-level differences between TCRβ sequence sets. This approach revealed that weakly self-reactive T cell populations were enriched for longer CDR3β regions and acidic amino acids. We tested our ML predictions of self-reactivity using retrogenic mice with fixed TCRβ sequences. Extrapolating our analyses to independent datasets, we predicted high self-reactivity for regulatory T cells and slightly reduced self-reactivity for T cells responding to chronic infections. Our analyses suggest a potential trade-off between TCR repertoire diversity and self-reactivity. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Textor
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands; Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands.
| | - Franka Buytenhuijs
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Ève Mallet Gauthier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shabaz Sultan
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands; Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M N Wortel
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands; Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - René Pagel
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada.
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4
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Meli AP, Russell GA, Swaminathan S, Weichselbaum L, MacMahon CA, Pernet E, Karo-Atar D, Rogers D, Rochette A, Fontes G, Mandl JN, Divangahi M, Klein OD, Gregorieff A, Stäger S, King IL. Bcl-6 expression by CD4 + T cells determines concomitant immunity and host resistance across distinct parasitic infections. Mucosal Immunol 2023; 16:801-816. [PMID: 37659724 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD4+) T cells consist of multiple subtypes, defined by expression of lineage-specific transcription factors, that contribute to the control of infectious diseases by providing help to immune and nonimmune target cells. In the current study, we examined the role of B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-6, a transcriptional repressor and master regulator of T follicular helper cell differentiation, in T cell-mediated host defense against intestinal and systemic parasitic infections. We demonstrate that while Bcl-6 expression by CD4+ T cells is critical for antibody-mediated protective immunity against secondary infection with the nematode Heligmosoides polygyrus bakeri, it paradoxically compromises worm expulsion during primary infection by limiting the generation of interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing Gata3+ T helper 2 cells. Enhanced worm expulsion in the absence of Bcl-6 expressing T cells was associated with amplified intestinal goblet cell differentiation and increased generation of alternatively activated macrophages, effects that were reversed by neutralization of IL-10 signals. An increase in IL-10 production by Bcl-6-deficient CD4+ T cells was also evident in the context of systemic Leishmania donovani infection, but in contrast to Heligmosoides polygyrus bakeri infection, compromised T helper 1-mediated liver macrophage activation and increased susceptibility to this distinct parasitic challenge. Collectively, our studies suggest that host defense pathways that protect against parasite superinfection and lethal systemic protozoal infections can be engaged at the cost of compromised primary resistance to well-tolerated helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre P Meli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriel A Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Laura Weichselbaum
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clara A MacMahon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annie Rochette
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ghislaine Fontes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Research Program, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Regenerative Medicine Network, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. Revealing the identity of regulatory T-cell-suppressed self-reactive CD4 + T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1093-1094. [PMID: 37072488 PMCID: PMC10541858 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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6
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McDowell SA, Milette S, Doré S, Yu MW, Sorin M, Wilson L, Desharnais L, Cristea A, Varol O, Atallah A, Swaby A, Breton V, Arabzadeh A, Petrecca S, Loucif H, Bhagrath A, De Meo M, Lach KD, Issac MS, Fiset B, Rayes RF, Mandl JN, Fritz JH, Fiset PO, Holt PR, Dannenberg AJ, Spicer JD, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Obesity alters monocyte developmental trajectories to enhance metastasis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220509. [PMID: 37166450 PMCID: PMC10182775 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation and enhances cancer metastasis and mortality. Obesity promotes breast cancer metastasis to lung in a neutrophil-dependent manner; however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Here, we show that obesity-induced monocytes underlie neutrophil activation and breast cancer lung metastasis. Using mass cytometry, obesity favors the expansion of myeloid lineages while restricting lymphoid cells within the peripheral blood. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that obesity-associated monocytes resemble professional antigen-presenting cells due to a shift in their development and exhibit enhanced MHCII expression and CXCL2 production. Monocyte induction of the CXCL2-CXCR2 axis underlies neutrophil activation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps to promote metastasis, and enhancement of this signaling axis is observed in lung metastases from obese cancer patients. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the relationship between obesity and cancer by broadening our understanding of the interactive role that myeloid cells play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A.C. McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samuel Doré
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miranda W. Yu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liam Wilson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alyssa Cristea
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ozgun Varol
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aline Atallah
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anikka Swaby
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Breton
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Petrecca
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hamza Loucif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aanya Bhagrath
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Meghan De Meo
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katherine D. Lach
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marianne S.M. Issac
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benoit Fiset
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roni F. Rayes
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre O. Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter R. Holt
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New Nork, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J. Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine (retired), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniela F. Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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7
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Parisi DR, Wiebke LE, Mandl JN, Textor J. Flow rate resonance of actively deforming particles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9455. [PMID: 37301896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid organs are unusual multicellular tissues: they are densely packed, but the lymphocytes trafficking through them are actively moving. We hypothesize that the intriguing ability of lymphocytes to avoid jamming and clogging is in part attributable to the dynamic shape changes that cells undergo when they move. In this work, we test this hypothesis by investigating an idealized system, namely, the flow of self-propelled, oscillating particles passing through a narrow constriction in two dimensions (2D), using numerical simulations. We found that deformation allows particles with these properties to flow through a narrow constriction in conditions when non-deformable particles would not be able to do so. Such a flowing state requires the amplitude and frequency of oscillations to exceed threshold values. Moreover, a resonance leading to the maximum flow rate was found when the oscillation frequency matched the natural frequency of the particle related to its elastic stiffness. To our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been described previously. Our findings could have important implications for understanding and controlling flow in a variety of systems in addition to lymphoid organs, such as granular flows subjected to vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Parisi
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), CONICET, C.A. de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lucas E Wiebke
- Instituto Tecnológico de Buenos Aires (ITBA), C.A. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Johannes Textor
- Data Science group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Shen C, Mulder E, Buitenwerf W, Postat J, Jansen A, Kox M, Mandl JN, Vrisekoop N. Nuclear segmentation facilitates neutrophil migration. J Cell Sci 2023:310180. [PMID: 37190822 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are among the fastest-moving immune cells. Their speed is critical to their function as 'first responder' cells at sites of damage or infection and it has been postulated that the neutrophils' unique segmented nucleus functions to assist their rapid migration. Here, we tested this hypothesis by imaging primary human neutrophils traversing narrow channels using custom-designed microfluidic devices. Individuals were given intravenous low-dose endotoxin to elicit the recruitment of neutrophils into the blood with a high diversity of nuclear phenotypes, ranging from hypo- to hyper-segmented. Both by sorting on neutrophils from the blood using markers that correlate with lobularity, and by directly quantifying the migration of neutrophils with distinct lobe numbers, we found that neutrophils with 1-2 nuclear lobes were significantly slower to traverse narrower channels, compared to neutrophils with >2 nuclear lobes. Thus, our data show that in primary human neutrophils nuclear segmentation provides a speed advantage during migration through confined spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eva Mulder
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jérémy Postat
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aron Jansen
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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9
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This S, Rogers D, Mallet Gauthier È, Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. What's self got to do with it: Sources of heterogeneity among naive T cells. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101702. [PMID: 36463711 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
There is a long-standing assumption that naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are largely homogeneous populations despite the extraordinary diversity of their T cell receptors (TCR). The self-immunopeptidome plays a key role in the selection of the naive T cell repertoire in the thymus, and self-peptides are also an important driver of differences between individual naive T cells with regard to their subsequent functional contributions to an immune response. Accumulating evidence suggests that as early as the β-selection stage of T cell development, when only one of the recombined chains of the mature TCR is expressed, signaling thresholds may be established for positive selection of immature thymocytes. Stochastic encounters subsequently made with self-ligands during positive selection in the thymus imprint functional biases that a T cell will carry with it throughout its lifetime, although ongoing interactions with self in the periphery ensure a level of plasticity in the gene expression wiring of naive T cells. Identifying the sources of heterogeneity in the naive T cell population and which functional attributes of T cells can be modulated through post-thymic interventions versus those that are fixed during T cell development, could enable us to better select or generate T cells with particular traits to improve the efficacy of T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien This
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ève Mallet Gauthier
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Disease, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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10
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Rogers D, Sood A, Wang H, van Beek JJP, Rademaker TJ, Artusa P, Schneider C, Shen C, Wong DC, Bhagrath A, Lebel MÈ, Condotta SA, Richer MJ, Martins AJ, Tsang JS, Barreiro LB, François P, Langlais D, Melichar HJ, Textor J, Mandl JN. Pre-existing chromatin accessibility and gene expression differences among naive CD4 + T cells influence effector potential. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110064. [PMID: 34852223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have a remarkable potential to differentiate into diverse effector lineages following activation. Here, we probe the heterogeneity present among naive CD4+ T cells before encountering their cognate antigen to ask whether their effector potential is modulated by pre-existing transcriptional and chromatin landscape differences. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that key drivers of variability are genes involved in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Using CD5 expression as a readout of the strength of tonic TCR interactions with self-peptide MHC, and sorting on the ends of this self-reactivity spectrum, we find that pre-existing transcriptional differences among naive CD4+ T cells impact follicular helper T (TFH) cell versus non-TFH effector lineage choice. Moreover, our data implicate TCR signal strength during thymic development in establishing differences in naive CD4+ T cell chromatin landscapes that ultimately shape their effector potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aditi Sood
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jasper J P van Beek
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Patricio Artusa
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caitlin Schneider
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Connie Shen
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dylan C Wong
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aanya Bhagrath
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Condotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Martins
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul François
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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11
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Sood A, Lebel MÈ, Dong M, Fournier M, Vobecky SJ, Haddad É, Delisle JS, Mandl JN, Vrisekoop N, Melichar HJ. CD5 levels define functionally heterogeneous populations of naïve human CD4 + T cells. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1365-1376. [PMID: 33682083 PMCID: PMC8251777 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Studies in murine models show that subthreshold TCR interactions with self‐peptide are required for thymic development and peripheral survival of naïve T cells. Recently, differences in the strength of tonic TCR interactions with self‐peptide, as read‐out by cell surface levels of CD5, were associated with distinct effector potentials among sorted populations of T cells in mice. However, whether CD5 can also be used to parse functional heterogeneity among human T cells is less clear. Our study demonstrates that CD5 levels correlate with TCR signal strength in human naïve CD4+ T cells. Further, we describe a relationship between CD5 levels on naïve human CD4+ T cells and binding affinity to foreign peptide, in addition to a predominance of CD5hi T cells in the memory compartment. Differences in gene expression and biases in cytokine production potential between CD5lo and CD5hi naïve human CD4+ T cells are consistent with observations in mice. Together, these data validate the use of CD5 surface levels as a marker of heterogeneity among human naïve CD4+ T cells with important implications for the identification of functionally biased T‐ cell populations that can be exploited to improve the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sood
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mengqi Dong
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilaine Fournier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Suzanne J Vobecky
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Élie Haddad
- Département de Pédiatrie, Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Schneider C, Shen C, Gopal AA, Douglas T, Forestell B, Kauffman KD, Rogers D, Artusa P, Zhang Q, Jing H, Freeman AF, Barber DL, King IL, Saleh M, Wiseman PW, Su HC, Mandl JN. Migration-induced cell shattering due to DOCK8 deficiency causes a type 2-biased helper T cell response. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1528-1539. [PMID: 33020661 PMCID: PMC10478007 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations that impact immune cell migration and result in immune deficiency illustrate the importance of cell movement in host defense. In humans, loss-of-function mutations in DOCK8, a guanine exchange factor involved in hematopoietic cell migration, lead to immunodeficiency and, paradoxically, allergic disease. Here, we demonstrate that, like humans, Dock8-/- mice have a profound type 2 CD4+ helper T (TH2) cell bias upon pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and other non-TH2 stimuli. We found that recruited Dock8-/-CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes are exquisitely sensitive to migration-induced cell shattering, releasing interleukin (IL)-1β that drives granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production by CD4+ T cells. Blocking IL-1β, GM-CSF or caspase activation eliminated the type-2 skew in mice lacking Dock8. Notably, treatment of infected wild-type mice with apoptotic cells significantly increased GM-CSF production and TH2 cell differentiation. This reveals an important role for cell death in driving type 2 signals during infection, which may have implications for understanding the etiology of type 2 CD4+ T cell responses in allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Connie Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelica A Gopal
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Todd Douglas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Forestell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith D Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dakota Rogers
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricio Artusa
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qian Zhang
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huie Jing
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Paul W Wiseman
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Helen C Su
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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13
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Olivier JF, Fodil N, Al Habyan S, Gopal A, Artusa P, Mandl JN, McCaffrey L, Gros P. CCDC88B is required for mobility and inflammatory functions of dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1787-1802. [PMID: 32480428 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0420-386r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Coiled Coil Domain Containing Protein 88B (CCDC88B) gene is associated with susceptibility to several inflammatory diseases in humans and its inactivation in mice protects against acute neuroinflammation and models of intestinal colitis. We report that mice lacking functional CCDC88B (Ccdc88bMut ) are defective in several dendritic cells (DCs)-dependent inflammatory and immune reactions in vivo. In these mice, an inflammatory stimulus (LPS) fails to induce the recruitment of DCs into the draining lymph nodes (LNs). In addition, OVA-pulsed Ccdc88bMut DCs injected in the footpad do not induce recruitment and activation of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in their draining LN. Experiments in vitro indicate that this defect is independent of the ability of mutant DCs to capture and present peptide antigen to T cells. Rather, kinetic analyses in vivo of wild-type and Ccdc88bMut DCs indicate a reduced migration capacity in the absence of the CCDC88B protein expression. Moreover, using time-lapse light microscopy imaging, we show that Ccdc88bMut DCs have an intrinsic motility defect. Furthermore, in vivo studies reveal that these reduced migratory properties lead to dampened contact hypersensitivity reactions in Ccdc88b mutant mice. These findings establish a critical role of CCDC88B in regulating movement and migration of DCs. Thus, regulatory variants impacting Ccdc88b expression in myeloid cells may cause variable degrees of DC-dependent inflammatory response in situ, providing a rationale for the genetic association of CCDC88B with several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frederic Olivier
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sara Al Habyan
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Angelica Gopal
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patricio Artusa
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luke McCaffrey
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Gentile ME, Li Y, Robertson A, Shah K, Fontes G, Kaufmann E, Polese B, Khan N, Parisien M, Munter HM, Mandl JN, Diatchenko L, Divangahi M, King IL. NK cell recruitment limits tissue damage during an enteric helminth infection. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:357-370. [PMID: 31776431 PMCID: PMC7039810 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic helminths cause significant damage as they migrate through host tissues to complete their life cycle. While chronic helminth infections are characterized by a well-described Type 2 immune response, the early, tissue-invasive stages are not well understood. Here we investigate the immune pathways activated during the early stages of Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (Hpb), a natural parasitic roundworm of mice. In contrast to the Type 2 immune response present at later stages of infection, a robust Type 1 immune signature including IFNg production was dominant at the time of parasite invasion and granuloma formation. This early response was associated with an accumulation of activated Natural Killer (NK) cells, with no increase of other innate lymphoid cell populations. Parabiosis and confocal microscopy studies indicated that NK cells were recruited from circulation to the small intestine, where they surrounded parasitic larvae. NK cell recruitment required IFNγ receptor signaling, but was independent of CXCR3 expression. The depletion of tissue-infiltrating NK cells altered neither worm burden nor parasite fitness, but increased vascular injury, suggesting a role for NK cells in mediating tissue protection. Together, these data identify an unexpected role for NK cells in promoting disease tolerance during the invasive stage of an enteric helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Gentile
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Yue Li
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amicha Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- NYU Medical School, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Kathleen Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, England
| | - Ghislaine Fontes
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Eva Kaufmann
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Barbara Polese
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nargis Khan
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Marc Parisien
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Hans M Munter
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Luda Diatchenko
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
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15
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Sood A, Lebel MÈ, Fournier M, Rogers D, Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. Differential interferon-gamma production potential among naïve CD4 + T cells exists prior to antigen encounter. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:931-940. [PMID: 31420892 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Individual CD4+ T cells can become one of a number of helper (Th) lineages with distinct effector functions. However, whether biases in Th potential exist prior to antigen encounter is unknown. Studies have identified cell-intrinsic functional heterogeneity among naïve T cells that can be parsed based on the strength of T-cell receptor (TCR) interactions with self-peptide. Here, using CD5 levels as a surrogate for the strength of these basal TCR signals, we sought to identify pre-existing effector biases in the CD4+ T-cell lineage. We show that ex vivo-activated CD5lo CD4+ T cells produce greater amounts of the Th1 cytokine interferon-gamma (IFNγ) than their CD5hi counterparts. In addition, a greater percentage of CD5lo effector CD4+ T cells produce IFNγ in both polyclonal and monoclonal CD4+ T-cell populations after antigen challenge in vivo. These results suggest that differential IFNγ production potential exists among CD4+ T cells prior to activation and independent of TCR affinity for foreign antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sood
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marilaine Fournier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.,Département de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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16
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Tong AA, Forestell B, Murphy DV, Nair A, Allen F, Myers J, Klauschen F, Shen C, Gopal AA, Huang AY, Mandl JN. Regulatory T cells differ from conventional
CD
4
+
T cells in their recirculatory behavior and lymph node transit times. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:787-798. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Tong
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Benjamin Forestell
- Department of Physiology Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Daniel V Murphy
- Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- The Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Cleveland OH USA
| | - Aditya Nair
- Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- The Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Cleveland OH USA
| | - Frederick Allen
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
| | - Jay Myers
- Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- The Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Cleveland OH USA
| | | | - Connie Shen
- Department of Physiology Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Angelica A Gopal
- Department of Physiology Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Alex Y Huang
- Department of Pathology Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- Department of Pediatrics Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland OH USA
- The Angie Fowler AYA Cancer Institute UH Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital Cleveland OH USA
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits McGill University Montreal QC Canada
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17
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Abstract
A majority of viruses that have caused recent epidemics with high lethality rates in people, are zoonoses originating from wildlife. Among them are filoviruses (e.g., Marburg, Ebola), coronaviruses (e.g., SARS, MERS), henipaviruses (e.g., Hendra, Nipah) which share the common features that they are all RNA viruses, and that a dysregulated immune response is an important contributor to the tissue damage and hence pathogenicity that results from infection in humans. Intriguingly, these viruses also all originate from bat reservoirs. Bats have been shown to have a greater mean viral richness than predicted by their phylogenetic distance from humans, their geographic range, or their presence in urban areas, suggesting other traits must explain why bats harbor a greater number of zoonotic viruses than other mammals. Bats are highly unusual among mammals in other ways as well. Not only are they the only mammals capable of powered flight, they have extraordinarily long life spans, with little detectable increases in mortality or senescence until high ages. Their physiology likely impacted their history of pathogen exposure and necessitated adaptations that may have also affected immune signaling pathways. Do our life history traits make us susceptible to generating damaging immune responses to RNA viruses or does the physiology of bats make them particularly tolerant or resistant? Understanding what immune mechanisms enable bats to coexist with RNA viruses may provide critical fundamental insights into how to achieve greater resilience in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caitlin Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Research Center for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David S. Schneider
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Michelle L. Baker
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity Business Unit, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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18
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Dong M, Artusa P, Kelly SA, Fournier M, Baldwin TA, Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. Alterations in the Thymic Selection Threshold Skew the Self-Reactivity of the TCR Repertoire in Neonates. J Immunol 2017; 199:965-973. [PMID: 28659353 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal and adult T cells differ in their effector functions. Although it is known that cell-intrinsic differences in mature T cells contribute to this phenomenon, the factors involved remain unclear. Given emerging evidence that the binding strength of a TCR for self-peptide presented by MHC (self-pMHC) impacts T cell function, we sought to determine whether altered thymic selection influences the self-reactivity of the TCR repertoire during ontogeny. We found that conventional and regulatory T cell subsets in the thymus of neonates and young mice expressed higher levels of cell surface CD5, a surrogate marker for TCR avidity for self-pMHC, as compared with their adult counterparts, and this difference in self-reactivity was independent of the germline bias of the neonatal TCR repertoire. The increased binding strength of the TCR repertoire for self-pMHC in neonates was not solely due to reported defects in clonal deletion. Rather, our data suggest that thymic selection is altered in young mice such that thymocytes bearing TCRs with low affinity for self-peptide are not efficiently selected into the neonatal repertoire, and stronger TCR signals accompany both conventional and regulatory T cell selection. Importantly, the distinct levels of T cell self-reactivity reflect physiologically relevant differences based on the preferential expansion of T cells from young mice to fill a lymphopenic environment. Therefore, differences in thymic selection in young versus adult mice skew the TCR repertoire, and the relatively higher self-reactivity of the T cell pool may contribute to the distinct immune responses observed in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Dong
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada.,Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Patricio Artusa
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Kelly
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and
| | - Marilaine Fournier
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Troy A Baldwin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; and
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre for Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada; .,Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
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19
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Tong A, Forestell B, Murphy DV, Nair A, Allen F, Mandl JN, Huang AYC. Regulatory T cells exhibit distinct lymph node homing and trafficking kinetics as compared to conventional CD4+ T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.215.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) express the canonical marker Foxp3 and are critical for suppressing the immune response in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. Despite how widely studied CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs are in mice, their physiologic trafficking and scanning behavior of antigen-presenting cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) have yet to be quantitatively analyzed in the intravital setting. We have previously described the dynamics of T cell trafficking through SLOs and scanning of dendritic cells (DCs), revealing that CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells exhibit different transit kinetics through lymph nodes (LNs). On average, CD4+ T cells spend less time scanning for self-peptide/MHC (self-pMHC), dwell shorter in LNs, and egress faster compared to CD8+ T cells. Here we use flow cytometry and 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (2-PLSM) to quantitate the homeostatic trafficking behavior and surveillance strategy of Tregs in LNs and to compare their behavior to conventional T cells (Tconvs). Our data reveal significant differences in Treg versus Tconv homing and transit through peripheral and mesenteric LNs. We find that Tregs with an effector phenotype are preferentially retained in LNs, and complementary transwell assays demonstrate that Tregs have blunted response to CCL21 compared to Tconvs. Finally, we use intravital 2-PLSM to quantify the contribution of self-pMHC recognition to Treg kinetics and scanning of DCs in peripheral and mesenteric LNs, taking advantage of a novel gut SLO stabilization device allowing up to 10 hours of continuous imaging. These results add quantitative data to the emerging paradigm that self-pMHC interactions dynamically control homeostatic Treg retainment and localized suppressive function in LNs.
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20
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Dong M, Artusa P, Kelly SA, Fournier M, Baldwin TA, Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. Alterations in the thymic selection threshold skew the self-reactivity of the T cell receptor repertoire in neonates. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.202.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Neonatal and adult T cells differ in their effector functions. Although it is known that cell-intrinsic differences in mature T cells contribute to this phenomenon, the factors involved remain unclear. Given emerging evidence that the binding strength of the TCR for self-peptide presented by MHC (self-pMHC) impacts T cell function, we sought to determine if altered thymic selection thresholds influence the self-reactivity of the TCR repertoire during ontogeny. We found that conventional and regulatory T cell subsets in the thymus of neonates and young mice expressed higher levels of cell-surface CD5, a surrogate marker for TCR avidity for self-pMHC, as compared to their adult counterparts and that this difference in self-reactivity was independent of their distinct TCR repertoire. The increased binding strength of the TCR repertoire for self-pMHC in neonates was not solely due to reported defects in clonal deletion. Rather, our data suggest that thymic selection is altered in young mice such that thymocytes bearing TCRs with low affinity for self-peptide are not efficiently selected into the neonatal repertoire and stronger TCR signals accompany both positive and agonist selection. Importantly, the differences in CD5 levels reflect physiologically relevant differences based on the preferential expansion of T cells from young mice to fill a lymphopenic environment. Therefore, differences in the thymic selection threshold in young versus adult mice skews the TCR repertoire, and the relatively higher self-reactivity of the T cell pool may contribute to the distinct immune responses observed in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Dong
- 1Univ. of Montreal, Canada
- 2Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heather J. Melichar
- 1Univ. of Montreal, Canada
- 2Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Canada
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21
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Ham H, Lamborn I, Zhang Y, Berchiche Y, Koval A, Jing H, Mandl JN, Happel C, murdock HM, Masutani E, McElwee JJ, Matthews HF, Druey KM, Mustillo PJ, Germain RN, Sakmar T, Katanaev V, Su H. Dominant-activating Gαi2 mutations cause human immunodeficiency and autoimmunity by causing defective leukocyte migration and altered T cell activation. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.59.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Heterotrimeric Ga subunits are the essential molecular switches that activate intracellular signaling in response to G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) ligation. Gai2, one of 16 human Ga subunits serving nearly 800 GPCRs, plays critical roles in leukocyte biology; however, how Gai2 modulates human immunity in vivo is unknown. We found a dominant missense mutation in GNAI2, the gene encoding the heterotrimeric G-protein Gai2, in a patient with life-threatening, multisystem autoimmunity and susceptibility to mucocutaneous bacteria and virus infections. The mutant proteins impaired immunity by uncoupling chemokine receptor signaling and thereby interfering with leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro and to sites of inflammation in vivo. They also augmented T cell effector responses and diminished the requirement of co-stimulation for T cell activation by constitutively signaling downstream co-stimulatory pathways. These results identify essential roles of Gai2 in maintaining immune-competence and self-tolerance in humans and highlight Gai2-responsive pathways as potential candidates for new therapeutics for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Lamborn
- 1NIAID, NIH
- 2Perelman Sch. of Med., Univ. of Pennsylvania
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22
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Sood A, Rogers D, Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. Naive T cells are intrinsically biased in helper T cell functions. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.150.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD5, a negative regulator of T cell receptor (TCR) signals, is a cell surface protein whose expression reflects the self-reactivity of the TCR for self-peptide. Recent studies have shown that CD5lo versus CD5hi T cells differentially respond to foreign antigen in primary and recall responses and may also have biased differentiation potential. Within the CD4+ T cell lineage, in particular, evidence points to the preferential recruitment of CD5hi CD4+ cells into the memory compartment and biased regulatory T cell development. However, the extent to which CD5 levels influence T cell differentiation and effector cytokine production is unknown. We have expanded upon these findings to show that ex vivo activated murine CD5lo CD4+ T cells produce relatively greater amounts of the Th1 cytokine IFNγ compared to their CD5hi counterparts. Interestingly, this difference is specific to IFNγ production and is not attributable to differential expression of the Th1 cell-specific transcription factor T-bet. Given the distinct metabolic programs associated with these T cell subsets and recent evidence that glycolysis regulates IFNγ production through an epigenetic mechanism, we propose that CD5 levels shape T cell function by direct or indirect regulation of cellular metabolism. Consistent with this, our preliminary data suggests that modulation of cellular acetate levels can restore IFNγ production in CD5hi cells similar to that of CD5lo cells. Our ongoing studies are focused on epigenetic and metabolic profiling of CD5lo and CD5hi cells in order to better understand the observed lineage bias.
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23
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Vrisekoop N, Artusa P, Monteiro JP, Mandl JN. Weakly self-reactive T-cell clones can homeostatically expand when present at low numbers. Eur J Immunol 2016; 47:68-73. [PMID: 27792294 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201646540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
T-cell division is central to maintaining a stable T-cell pool in adults. It also enables T-cell expansion in neonates, and after depletion by chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or infection. The same signals required for T-cell survival in lymphoreplete settings, IL-7 and T-cell receptor (TCR) interactions with self-peptide MHC (pMHC), induce division when T-cell numbers are low. The strength of reactivity for self-pMHC has been shown to correlate with the capacity of T cells to undergo lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP), in that weakly self-reactive T cells are unable to divide, implying that T-cell reconstitution would significantly skew the TCR repertoire toward TCRs with greater self-reactivity and thus compromise T-cell diversity. Here, we show that while CD4+ T cells with low self-pMHC reactivity experience more intense competition, they are able to divide when present at low enough cell numbers. Thus, at physiological precursor frequencies CD4+ T cells with low self-pMHC reactivity are able to contribute to the reconstitution of the T-cell pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Vrisekoop
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Patricio Artusa
- Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joao P Monteiro
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, Complex Traits Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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24
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Abstract
Lymph nodes are meeting points for circulating immune cells. A network of reticular cells that ensheathe a mesh of collagen fibers crisscrosses the tissue in each lymph node. This reticular cell network distributes key molecules and provides a structure for immune cells to move around on. During infections, the network can suffer damage. A new study has now investigated the network's structure in detail, using methods from graph theory. The study showed that the network is remarkably robust to damage: it can still support immune responses even when half of the reticular cells are destroyed. This is a further important example of how network connectivity achieves tolerance to failure, a property shared with other important biological and nonbiological networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rob J. de Boer
- Theoretical Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Lippens C, Duraes FV, Dubrot J, Brighouse D, Lacroix M, Irla M, Aubry-Lachainaye JP, Reith W, Mandl JN, Hugues S. IDO-orchestrated crosstalk between pDCs and Tregs inhibits autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:39-49. [PMID: 27470005 PMCID: PMC5127883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) have been shown to both mediate and prevent autoimmunity, and the regulation of their immunogenic versus tolerogenic functions remains incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that, compared to other cells, pDCs are the major expressors of Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in steady-state lymph nodes (LNs). IDO expression by LN pDCs was closely dependent on MHCII-mediated, antigen-dependent, interactions with Treg. We further established that IDO production by pDCs was necessary to confer suppressive function to Tregs. During EAE development, IDO expression by pDCs was required for the generation of Tregs capable of dampening the priming of encephalitogenic T cell and disease severity. Thus, we describe a novel crosstalk between pDCs and Tregs: Tregs shape tolerogenic functions of pDCs prior to inflammation, such that pDCs in turn, promote Treg suppressive functions during autoimmunity. IDO expression by LN pDCs is closely dependent on MHCII-mediated, antigen-dependent, interactions with Tregs. pDCs are the predominant source of IDO in both steady-state and inflamed lymph nodes. IDO production by pDCs is necessary to confer suppressive function to Tregs in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lippens
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Fernanda V Duraes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Juan Dubrot
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Dale Brighouse
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Lacroix
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Magali Irla
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stéphanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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26
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Mandl JN, Ahmed R, Barreiro LB, Daszak P, Epstein JH, Virgin HW, Feinberg MB. Reservoir host immune responses to emerging zoonotic viruses. Cell 2014; 160:20-35. [PMID: 25533784 PMCID: PMC4390999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic viruses, such as HIV, Ebola virus, coronaviruses, influenza A viruses, hantaviruses, or henipaviruses, can result in profound pathology in humans. In contrast, populations of the reservoir hosts of zoonotic pathogens often appear to tolerate these infections with little evidence of disease. Why are viruses more dangerous in one species than another? Immunological studies investigating quantitative and qualitative differences in the host-virus equilibrium in animal reservoirs will be key to answering this question, informing new approaches for treating and preventing zoonotic diseases. Integrating an understanding of host immune responses with epidemiological, ecological, and evolutionary insights into viral emergence will shed light on mechanisms that minimize fitness costs associated with viral infection, facilitate transmission to other hosts, and underlie the association of specific reservoir hosts with multiple emerging viruses. Reservoir host studies provide a rich opportunity for elucidating fundamental immunological processes and their underlying genetic basis, in the context of distinct physiological and metabolic constraints that contribute to host resistance and disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith N Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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27
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Zhang Q, Dove CG, Hor JL, Murdock HM, Strauss-Albee DM, Garcia JA, Mandl JN, Grodick RA, Jing H, Chandler-Brown DB, Lenardo TE, Crawford G, Matthews H, Freeman AF, Cornall RJ, Germain RN, Mueller SN, Su HC. DOCK8 regulates lymphocyte shape integrity for skin antiviral immunity. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2014. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb.2075oia223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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28
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Zhang Q, Dove CG, Hor JL, Murdock HM, Strauss-Albee DM, Garcia JA, Mandl JN, Grodick RA, Jing H, Chandler-Brown DB, Lenardo TE, Crawford G, Matthews HF, Freeman AF, Cornall RJ, Germain RN, Mueller SN, Su HC. DOCK8 regulates lymphocyte shape integrity for skin antiviral immunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2549-66. [PMID: 25422492 PMCID: PMC4267229 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Zhang et al. show that DOCK8-deficient T and NK cells develop cell and nuclear shape abnormalities that do not impair chemotaxis but contribute to a form of cell death they term cytothripsis. Cytothripsis of DOCK8-deficient cells prevents the generation of long-lived skin-resident memory CD8 T cells resulting in impaired immune response to skin infection. DOCK8 mutations result in an inherited combined immunodeficiency characterized by increased susceptibility to skin and other infections. We show that when DOCK8-deficient T and NK cells migrate through confined spaces, they develop cell shape and nuclear deformation abnormalities that do not impair chemotaxis but contribute to a distinct form of catastrophic cell death we term cytothripsis. Such defects arise during lymphocyte migration in collagen-dense tissues when DOCK8, through CDC42 and p21-activated kinase (PAK), is unavailable to coordinate cytoskeletal structures. Cytothripsis of DOCK8-deficient cells prevents the generation of long-lived skin-resident memory CD8 T cells, which in turn impairs control of herpesvirus skin infections. Our results establish that DOCK8-regulated shape integrity of lymphocytes prevents cytothripsis and promotes antiviral immunity in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher G Dove
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jyh Liang Hor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Heardley M Murdock
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Dara M Strauss-Albee
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jordan A Garcia
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rachael A Grodick
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Huie Jing
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Devon B Chandler-Brown
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Timothy E Lenardo
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Greg Crawford
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, UK
| | - Helen F Matthews
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alexandra F Freeman
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7BN, England, UK
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, Laboratory of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Immunology, and Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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29
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Textor J, Henrickson SE, Mandl JN, von Andrian UH, Westermann J, de Boer RJ, Beltman JB. Random migration and signal integration promote rapid and robust T cell recruitment. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003752. [PMID: 25102014 PMCID: PMC4125054 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
To fight infections, rare T cells must quickly home to appropriate lymph nodes (LNs), and reliably localize the antigen (Ag) within them. The first challenge calls for rapid trafficking between LNs, whereas the second may require extensive search within each LN. Here we combine simulations and experimental data to investigate which features of random T cell migration within and between LNs allow meeting these two conflicting demands. Our model indicates that integrating signals from multiple random encounters with Ag-presenting cells permits reliable detection of even low-dose Ag, and predicts a kinetic feature of cognate T cell arrest in LNs that we confirm using intravital two-photon data. Furthermore, we obtain the most reliable retention if T cells transit through LNs stochastically, which may explain the long and widely distributed LN dwell times observed in vivo. Finally, we demonstrate that random migration, both between and within LNs, allows recruiting the majority of cognate precursors within a few days for various realistic infection scenarios. Thus, the combination of two-scale stochastic migration and signal integration is an efficient and robust strategy for T cell immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Textor
- Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, National Insitutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Rob J. de Boer
- Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost B. Beltman
- Theoretical Biology & Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Abstract
To provide broad immunity to a vast array of foreign antigens with a limited number of T lymphocytes, each cell has to recognize many targets. By implementing a strategy to identify T cell receptor (TCR) ligands and investigating at a fine granularity their structure and sequence relationship, Birnbaum et al. demonstrate the surprisingly tight focus of such T cell cross-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith N Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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31
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Bouma HR, Mandl JN, Strijkstra AM, Boerema AS, Kok JW, van Dam A, Ijzerman A, Kroese FGM, Henning RH. 5'-AMP impacts lymphocyte recirculation through activation of A2B receptors. J Leukoc Biol 2013; 94:89-98. [PMID: 23682128 PMCID: PMC3685012 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1212613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural hibernation consists of torpid phases with metabolic suppression alternating with euthermic periods. Induction of torpor holds substantial promise in various medical conditions, including trauma, major surgery, and transplantation. Torpor in mice can be induced pharmacologically by 5'-AMP. Previously, we showed that during natural torpor, the reduction in body temperature results in lymphopenia via a reduction in plasma S1P. Here, we show that during torpor induced by 5'-AMP, there is a similar reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes that is a result of their retention in secondary lymphoid organs. This lymphopenia could be mimicked by engagement of A(2B)Rs by a selective A(2B)R agonist (LUF6210) in the absence of changes in temperature and prevented by A(2B)R antagonists during 5'-AMP-induced torpor. In addition, forced cooling of mice led to peripheral blood lymphopenia, independent of A(2B)R signaling. The induction of torpor using 5'-AMP impacted the migration of lymphocytes within and between secondary lymphoid organs. During torpor, the homing into LNs was impaired, and two-photon intravital microscopy revealed that cell motility was decreased significantly and rapidly upon 5'-AMP administration. Furthermore, the S1P plasma concentration was reduced by 5'-AMP but not by LUF6210. S1P plasma levels restored upon arousal. Likely, the reduced migration in LNs combined with the reduced S1P plasma level substantially reduces lymphocyte egress after injection of 5'-AMP. In conclusion, 5'-AMP induces a state of pharmacological torpor in mice, during which, lymphopenia is governed primarily by body temperature-independent suppression of lymphocyte egress from LNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalmar R Bouma
- University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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32
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Mandl JN, Monteiro JP, Vrisekoop N, Germain RN. T cell-positive selection uses self-ligand binding strength to optimize repertoire recognition of foreign antigens. Immunity 2013; 38:263-274. [PMID: 23290521 PMCID: PMC3785078 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Developing T cells express diverse antigen receptors whose specificities are not prematched to the foreign antigens they eventually encounter. Past experiments have revealed that thymocytes must productively signal in response to self antigens to mature and enter the peripheral T cell pool (positive selection), but how this process enhances effective mature T cell responses to foreign antigen is not fully understood. Here we have documented an unsuspected connection between thymic recognition events and foreign antigen-driven T cell responses. We find that the strength of self-reactivity is a clone-specific property unexpectedly directly related to the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) binding to presented foreign antigen. T cells with receptors showing stronger interaction with self dominate in responses to infections and accumulate in aging individuals, revealing that positive selection contributes to effective immunity by skewing the mature TCR repertoire toward highly effective recognition of pathogens that pose a danger to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith N. Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - João P. Monteiro
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Nienke Vrisekoop
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Ronald N. Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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33
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Meteyer CU, Barber D, Mandl JN. Pathology in euthermic bats with white nose syndrome suggests a natural manifestation of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Virulence 2012; 3:583-8. [PMID: 23154286 PMCID: PMC3545935 DOI: 10.4161/viru.22330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
White nose syndrome, caused by Geomyces destructans, has killed more than 5 million cave hibernating bats in eastern North America. During hibernation, the lack of inflammatory cell recruitment at the site of fungal infection and erosion is consistent with a temperature-induced inhibition of immune cell trafficking. This immune suppression allows G. destructans to colonize and erode the skin of wings, ears and muzzle of bat hosts unchecked. Yet, paradoxically, within weeks of emergence from hibernation an intense neutrophilic inflammatory response to G. destructans is generated, causing severe pathology that can contribute to death. We hypothesize that the sudden reversal of immune suppression in bats upon the return to euthermia leads to a form of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). IRIS was first described in HIV-infected humans with low helper T lymphocyte counts and bacterial or fungal opportunistic infections. IRIS is a paradoxical and rapid worsening of symptoms in immune compromised humans upon restoration of immunity in the face of an ongoing infectious process. In humans with HIV, the restoration of adaptive immunity following suppression of HIV replication with anti-retroviral therapy (ART) can trigger severe immune-mediated tissue damage that can result in death. We propose that the sudden restoration of immune responses in bats infected with G. destructans results in an IRIS-like dysregulated immune response that causes the post-emergent pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol U Meteyer
- National Wildlife Health Center, US Geological Survey, Madison, WI, USA
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34
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Mandl JN, Akondy R, Lawson B, Kozyr N, Staprans SI, Ahmed R, Feinberg MB. Distinctive TLR7 signaling, type I IFN production, and attenuated innate and adaptive immune responses to yellow fever virus in a primate reservoir host. J Immunol 2011; 186:6406-16. [PMID: 21515797 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Why cross-species transmissions of zoonotic viral infections to humans are frequently associated with severe disease when viruses responsible for many zoonotic diseases appear to cause only benign infections in their reservoir hosts is unclear. Sooty mangabeys (SMs), a reservoir host for SIV, do not develop disease following SIV infection, unlike nonnatural HIV-infected human or SIV-infected rhesus macaque (RM) hosts. SIV infections of SMs are characterized by an absence of chronic immune activation, in association with significantly reduced IFN-α production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) following exposure to SIV or other defined TLR7 or TLR9 ligands. In this study, we demonstrate that SM pDCs produce significantly less IFN-α following ex vivo exposure to the live attenuated yellow fever virus 17D strain vaccine, a virus that we show is also recognized by TLR7, than do RM or human pDCs. Furthermore, in contrast to RMs, SMs mount limited activation of innate immune responses and adaptive T cell proliferative responses, along with only transient antiviral Ab responses, following infection with yellow fever vaccine 17D strain. However, SMs do raise significant and durable cellular and humoral immune responses comparable to those seen in RMs when infected with modified vaccinia Ankara, a virus whose immunogenicity does not require TLR7/9 recognition. Hence, differences in the pattern of TLR7 signaling and type I IFN production by pDCs between primate species play an important role in determining their ability to mount and maintain innate and adaptive immune responses to specific viruses, and they may also contribute to determining whether disease follows infection.
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35
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Abstract
Detailed analysis of T cell dynamics in humans is challenging and mouse models can be important tools for characterizing T cell dynamic processes. In a paper just published in Journal of Biology, Marques et al. suggest that a mouse model with its activated CD4(+) T cells are deleted has relevance for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nienke Vrisekoop
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr MSC-1892, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr MSC-1892, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr MSC-1892, Bethesda, MD, USA
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36
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White LJ, Mandl JN, Gomes MGM, Bodley-Tickell AT, Cane PA, Perez-Brena P, Aguilar JC, Siqueira MM, Portes SA, Straliotto SM, Waris M, Nokes DJ, Medley GF. Understanding the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus using multiple time series and nested models. Math Biosci 2007; 209:222-39. [PMID: 17335858 PMCID: PMC3724053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2006.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The nature and role of re-infection and partial immunity are likely to be important determinants of the transmission dynamics of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV). We propose a single model structure that captures four possible host responses to infection and subsequent reinfection: partial susceptibility, altered infection duration, reduced infectiousness and temporary immunity (which might be partial). The magnitude of these responses is determined by four homotopy parameters, and by setting some of these parameters to extreme values we generate a set of eight nested, deterministic transmission models. In order to investigate hRSV transmission dynamics, we applied these models to incidence data from eight international locations. Seasonality is included as cyclic variation in transmission. Parameters associated with the natural history of the infection were assumed to be independent of geographic location, while others, such as those associated with seasonality, were assumed location specific. Models incorporating either of the two extreme assumptions for immunity (none or solid and lifelong) were unable to reproduce the observed dynamics. Model fits with either waning or partial immunity to disease or both were visually comparable. The best fitting structure was a lifelong partial immunity to both disease and infection. Observed patterns were reproduced by stochastic simulations using the parameter values estimated from the deterministic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J White
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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37
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Mandl JN, Regoes RR, Garber DA, Feinberg MB. Estimating the effectiveness of simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ T cells from the dynamics of viral immune escape. J Virol 2007; 81:11982-91. [PMID: 17699572 PMCID: PMC2168796 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00946-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral CD8(+) T cells are thought to play a significant role in limiting the viremia of human and simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV and SIV, respectively) infections. However, it has not been possible to measure the in vivo effectiveness of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), and hence their contribution to the death rate of CD4(+) T cells is unknown. Here, we estimated the ability of a prototypic antigen-specific CTL response against a well-characterized epitope to recognize and kill infected target cells by monitoring the immunodominant Mamu-A*01-restricted Tat SL8 epitope for escape from Tat-specific CTLs in SIVmac239-infected macaques. Fitting a mathematical model that incorporates the temporal kinetics of specific CTLs to the frequency of Tat SL8 escape mutants during acute SIV infection allowed us to estimate the in vivo killing rate constant per Tat SL8-specific CTL. Using this unique data set, we show that at least during acute SIV infection, certain antiviral CD8(+) T cells can have a significant impact on shortening the longevity of infected CD4(+) T cells and hence on suppressing virus replication. Unfortunately, due to viral escape from immune pressure and a dependency of the effectiveness of antiviral CD8(+) T-cell responses on the availability of sufficient CD4(+) T cells, the impressive early potency of the CTL response may wane in the transition to the chronic stage of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith N Mandl
- Graduate Program in population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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38
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Dunham R, Pagliardini P, Gordon S, Sumpter B, Engram J, Moanna A, Paiardini M, Mandl JN, Lawson B, Garg S, McClure HM, Xu YX, Ibegbu C, Easley K, Katz N, Pandrea I, Apetrei C, Sodora DL, Staprans SI, Feinberg MB, Silvestri G. The AIDS resistance of naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys is independent of cellular immunity to the virus. Blood 2006; 108:209-17. [PMID: 16522814 PMCID: PMC1895834 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-12-4897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected humans, natural hosts for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) very rarely progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). While the mechanisms underlying this disease resistance are still poorly understood, a consistent feature of natural SIV infection is the absence of the generalized immune activation associated with HIV infection. To investigate the immunologic mechanisms underlying the absence of AIDS in SIV-infected sooty mangabeys (SMs), a natural host species, we performed a detailed analysis of the SIV-specific cellular immune responses in 110 SIV-infected SMs. We found that while SIV-specific T-cell responses are detectable in the majority of animals, their magnitude and breadth are, in fact, lower than what has been described in HIV-infected humans, both in terms of cytokine production (ie, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-2) and degranulation (ie, CD107a expression). Of importance, SIV-specific T-cell responses were similarly low when either SIVmac239-derived peptides or autologous SIVsmm peptides were used as stimuli. No correlation was found between SIV-specific T-cell responses and either viral load or CD4+ T-cell count, or between these responses and markers of T-cell activation and proliferation. These findings indicate that the absence of AIDS in naturally SIV-infected sooty mangabeys is independent of a strong cellular immune response to the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dunham
- Emory University, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes Primate Research Center, and the School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
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