1
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Lugano D, Barrett L, Westerheide SD, Kee Y. Multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins in the DNA damage response and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:59-65. [PMID: 38172598 PMCID: PMC10834508 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle apoptosis regulator (CCAR) family of proteins consists of two proteins, CCAR1 and CCAR2, that play a variety of roles in cellular physiology and pathology. These multidomain proteins are able to perform multiple interactions and functions, playing roles in processes such as stress responses, metabolism, and the DNA damage response. The evolutionary conservation of CCAR family proteins allows their study in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, where a role for CCAR in aging was revealed. This review particularly highlights the multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins and their implications in the DNA damage response and in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lugano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - L Barrett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - S D Westerheide
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - Y Kee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno-Joongang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Saffari A, Brechmann B, Böger C, Saber WA, Jumo H, Whye D, Wood D, Wahlster L, Alecu JE, Ziegler M, Scheffold M, Winden K, Hubbs J, Buttermore ED, Barrett L, Borner GHH, Davies AK, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Sahin M. High-content screening identifies a small molecule that restores AP-4-dependent protein trafficking in neuronal models of AP-4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:584. [PMID: 38233389 PMCID: PMC10794252 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Unbiased phenotypic screens in patient-relevant disease models offer the potential to detect therapeutic targets for rare diseases. In this study, we developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify molecules that correct aberrant protein trafficking in adapter protein complex 4 (AP-4) deficiency, a rare but prototypical form of childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia characterized by mislocalization of the autophagy protein ATG9A. Using high-content microscopy and an automated image analysis pipeline, we screened a diversity library of 28,864 small molecules and identified a lead compound, BCH-HSP-C01, that restored ATG9A pathology in multiple disease models, including patient-derived fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We used multiparametric orthogonal strategies and integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to delineate potential mechanisms of action of BCH-HSP-C01. Our results define molecular regulators of intracellular ATG9A trafficking and characterize a lead compound for the treatment of AP-4 deficiency, providing important proof-of-concept data for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Saffari
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Child Neurology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Brechmann
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cedric Böger
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wardiya Afshar Saber
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hellen Jumo
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dosh Whye
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Delaney Wood
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lara Wahlster
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital & Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Julian E Alecu
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marvin Ziegler
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marlene Scheffold
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kellen Winden
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jed Hubbs
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Buttermore
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Georg H H Borner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Davies
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, 82152, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Movement Disorders Program, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology & F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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3
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Saffari A, Brechmann B, Boeger C, Saber WA, Jumo H, Whye D, Wood D, Wahlster L, Alecu J, Ziegler M, Scheffold M, Winden K, Hubbs J, Buttermore E, Barrett L, Borner G, Davies A, Sahin M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D. High-Content Small Molecule Screen Identifies a Novel Compound That Restores AP-4-Dependent Protein Trafficking in Neuronal Models of AP-4-Associated Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-3036166. [PMID: 37398196 PMCID: PMC10312991 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3036166/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Unbiased phenotypic screens in patient-relevant disease models offer the potential to detect novel therapeutic targets for rare diseases. In this study, we developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify molecules that correct aberrant protein trafficking in adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) deficiency, a rare but prototypical form of childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia, characterized by mislocalization of the autophagy protein ATG9A. Using high-content microscopy and an automated image analysis pipeline, we screened a diversity library of 28,864 small molecules and identified a lead compound, C-01, that restored ATG9A pathology in multiple disease models, including patient-derived fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We used multiparametric orthogonal strategies and integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approaches to delineate putative molecular targets of C-01 and potential mechanisms of action. Our results define molecular regulators of intracellular ATG9A trafficking and characterize a lead compound for the treatment of AP-4 deficiency, providing important proof-of-concept data for future Investigational New Drug (IND)-enabling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dosh Whye
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Delaney Wood
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | | | - Julian Alecu
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
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4
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Vilette C, Bonnell T, Dostie M, Henzi S, Barrett L. Network formation during social integration in juvenile vervet monkeys. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Kennedy E, Mulvihill M, Cronin L, Scannell M, Coakley E, Lyons M, Barrett L, Cloney T, Pillay I. 326 USE OF A PHARMACY PRIORITISATION TOOLKIT IN FRAIL OLDER ADULTS PRESENTING TO THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A Pharmacy Prioritisation Toolkit (PPT) was adapted for use by a front door frailty multidisciplinary team to direct pharmacist review.
Methods
Over a 4-week period pharmacist referrals based on a toolkit used by the team were reviewed. Data was recorded in Excel including age, reason for referral and outcome of Medicines Optimisation Review (MOR). Pharmacy-identified patients were also analysed.
Results
Forty-Five patients were referred by the team using the PPT and 25 were pharmacist-identified for review. Reason for referral were use of high-risk medication (20/45), suspected medication related admission (9/45), chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury (7/45), specific pharmaceutical concerns (5/45) >10 regular medications (4/45). Of those reviewed, 29 MORs were made. Of patients who were pharmacist identified, 10 MORs were made (53% of patients). The toolkit was retrospectively applied to these patients and would have selected all but 3.
Conclusion
The PPT was successfully used by the team to generate 45 referrals for pharmacist review over a 4-week period. As a result of analysis of these recommendations, antimicrobial prophylaxis for urinary tract infections will be added to the high-risk medicines list on the PPT. Development of the toolkit is ongoing using a plan, do, study, act model with input from all members of the team to further improve both its efficacy and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kennedy
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | | | - L Cronin
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - M Scannell
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - E Coakley
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - M Lyons
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - L Barrett
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - T Cloney
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
| | - I Pillay
- Cork University Hospital , Cork, Ireland
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6
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Qian X, DeGennaro EM, Talukdar M, Akula SK, Lai A, Shao DD, Gonzalez D, Marciano JH, Smith RS, Hylton NK, Yang E, Bazan JF, Barrett L, Yeh RC, Hill RS, Beck SG, Otani A, Angad J, Mitani T, Posey JE, Pehlivan D, Calame D, Aydin H, Yesilbas O, Parks KC, Argilli E, England E, Im K, Taranath A, Scott HS, Barnett CP, Arts P, Sherr EH, Lupski JR, Walsh CA. Loss of non-motor kinesin KIF26A causes congenital brain malformations via dysregulated neuronal migration and axonal growth as well as apoptosis. Dev Cell 2022; 57:2381-2396.e13. [PMID: 36228617 PMCID: PMC10585591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Kinesins are canonical molecular motors but can also function as modulators of intracellular signaling. KIF26A, an unconventional kinesin that lacks motor activity, inhibits growth-factor-receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2)- and focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-dependent signal transduction, but its functions in the brain have not been characterized. We report a patient cohort with biallelic loss-of-function variants in KIF26A, exhibiting a spectrum of congenital brain malformations. In the developing brain, KIF26A is preferentially expressed during early- and mid-gestation in excitatory neurons. Combining mice and human iPSC-derived organoid models, we discovered that loss of KIF26A causes excitatory neuron-specific defects in radial migration, localization, dendritic and axonal growth, and apoptosis, offering a convincing explanation of the disease etiology in patients. Single-cell RNA sequencing in KIF26A knockout organoids revealed transcriptional changes in MAPK, MYC, and E2F pathways. Our findings illustrate the pathogenesis of KIF26A loss-of-function variants and identify the surprising versatility of this non-motor kinesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Qian
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ellen M DeGennaro
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maya Talukdar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shyam K Akula
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard, MIT MD/PhD Program, Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abbe Lai
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diane D Shao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dilenny Gonzalez
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jack H Marciano
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard S Smith
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norma K Hylton
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard, MIT MD/PhD Program, Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward Yang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Lee Barrett
- Department of Neurobiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rebecca C Yeh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - R Sean Hill
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samantha G Beck
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aoi Otani
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jolly Angad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tadahiro Mitani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Calame
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hatip Aydin
- Centre of Genetics Diagnosis, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Yesilbas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon 61080, Turkey
| | - Kendall C Parks
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emanuela Argilli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eleina England
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kiho Im
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ajay Taranath
- Department of Medical Imaging, South Australia Medical Imaging, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Australian Genomics, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher P Barnett
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Pediatric and Reproductive Genetics Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, Centre for Cancer Biology, An Alliance Between SA Pathology and the University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Elliott H Sherr
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute of Human Genetics and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Allen Discovery Center for Human Brain Evolution, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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7
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Cronin SJF, Rao S, Tejada MA, Turnes BL, Licht-Mayer S, Omura T, Brenneis C, Jacobs E, Barrett L, Latremoliere A, Andrews N, Channon KM, Latini A, Arvanites AC, Davidow LS, Costigan M, Rubin LL, Penninger JM, Woolf CJ. Phenotypic drug screen uncovers the metabolic GCH1/BH4 pathway as key regulator of EGFR/KRAS-mediated neuropathic pain and lung cancer. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabj1531. [PMID: 36044597 PMCID: PMC9985140 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abj1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Increased tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) generated in injured sensory neurons contributes to increased pain sensitivity and its persistence. GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the de novo BH4 synthetic pathway, and human single-nucleotide polymorphism studies, together with mouse genetic modeling, have demonstrated that decreased GCH1 leads to both reduced BH4 and pain. However, little is known about the regulation of Gch1 expression upon nerve injury and whether this could be modulated as an analgesic therapeutic intervention. We performed a phenotypic screen using about 1000 bioactive compounds, many of which are target-annotated FDA-approved drugs, for their effect on regulating Gch1 expression in rodent injured dorsal root ganglion neurons. From this approach, we uncovered relevant pathways that regulate Gch1 expression in sensory neurons. We report that EGFR/KRAS signaling triggers increased Gch1 expression and contributes to neuropathic pain; conversely, inhibiting EGFR suppressed GCH1 and BH4 and exerted analgesic effects, suggesting a molecular link between EGFR/KRAS and pain perception. We also show that GCH1/BH4 acts downstream of KRAS to drive lung cancer, identifying a potentially druggable pathway. Our screen shows that pharmacologic modulation of GCH1 expression and BH4 could be used to develop pharmacological treatments to alleviate pain and identified a critical role for EGFR-regulated GCH1/BH4 expression in neuropathic pain and cancer in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J. F. Cronin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Shuan Rao
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Miguel A. Tejada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Bruna Lenfers Turnes
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Simon Licht-Mayer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
| | - Takao Omura
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christian Brenneis
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily Jacobs
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience, Neurosurgery Pain Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nick Andrews
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alexandra Latini
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Anthony C. Arvanites
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lance S. Davidow
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee L. Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Josef M. Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology Austria (IMBA), Dr. Bohrgasse 3, Vienna A-1030, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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8
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Peterson E, Kovacik R, Lo KB, Brito D, Antonio E, Quintero E, Barrett L, Pressman GS. Global longitudinal strain to identify low-risk patients with suspected ACS. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab289.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Albert Einstein Society
Background
Determining which chest pain presentations should be treated and considered an acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction (ACS/MI) versus those with non-cardiac chest pain (NCCP) can be difficult. Initial evaluation of suspected ACS requires assessment of presenting symptoms, risk factors, ECG, and cardiac biomarkers. Bedside echocardiography can assist in rapid assessment of suspected ACS through measurement of echocardiographic wall motion score index and left ventricular ejection fraction, though the sensitivity of these measurements has been called into question. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) has been associated with significant CAD and has been found to be more reproducible than LVEF. However, its utility in rapid ED evaluation of chest pain remains under-explored.
Purpose
Assess the utility of speckle-tracking strain in addition to clinical and demographic factors in identification of low-risk patients among those presenting to the ED with suspected ACS.
Methods
This was a retrospective single center study of 434 hospitalized patients aged 18 years or older in whom ACS (excluding STEMI) was suspected by ED assessment, from 9/1/2015 – 12/31/2019. Echocardiography within 24 hours of admission was analyzed, with left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) obtained via AutoSTRAIN software (TOMTEC Imaging Systems GmbH). Patients were identified as having NCCP (n = 158, 36%), myocardial injury (n = 110, 25%), or MI (n = 166, 38%; subdivided into NSTEMI [n = 74, 44.6%] and type II MI [n = 92, 55.4%]) according to the 4th universal definition of MI. Mean strain values were compared between study groups using Independent T tests. Logistic regression and ROC analysis was done to determine the value of LVGLS in the prediction of ACS.
Results
Non-white subjects were over-represented in the NCCP group (92% vs 8%), versus the myocardial injury and MI groups (65% vs 35%, p < 0.001), and on average the NCCP group was younger (56.5 ± 14.5 vs 64.8 ± 15, p < 0.001). LVGLS was significantly higher for NCCP versus the MI group (17.7 ± 2.8 vs 14.9 ± 3.9, p < 0.001). ROC analysis (c-statistic = 0.72) identified an optimal cutoff at ≤15.6, with sensitivity of 56% and specificity of 82%. Logistic regression analysis, including demographic and clinical variables, identified age, LVGLS, LV end-diastolic volume and serum creatinine as significant independent predictors for NCCP vs ACS. The addition of these factors in the predictive analysis resulted in slightly improved model performance (c-statistic = 0.78).
Conclusions
LVGLS among patients with suspected ACS is significantly different between NCCP and MI; however, low sensitivity for MI makes it inadequate as a single test to discriminate between the two. Combining LVGLS with other clinical/laboratory factors may have potential utility and will be explored in future work. Abstract Figure. Distribution Plot for LVGLS Abstract Figure. ROC Curve for LVGLS
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peterson
- Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Department Of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - R Kovacik
- Philadelphia College Of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - KB Lo
- Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Department Of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - D Brito
- West Virginia University Hospital, Heart and Vascular Institute, Morgantown, United States of America
| | - E Antonio
- Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Department Of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - E Quintero
- Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Department Of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - L Barrett
- Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Department Of Internal Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - GS Pressman
- Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Institute for Heart and Vascular Health, Philadelphia, United States of America
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9
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Ebrahimi-Fakhari D, Alecu JE, Brechmann B, Ziegler M, Eberhardt K, Jumo H, D’Amore A, Habibzadeh P, Faghihi MA, De Bleecker JL, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Auvin S, Santorelli FM, Neuser S, Popp B, Yang E, Barrett L, Davies AK, Saffari A, Hirst J, Sahin M. High-throughput imaging of ATG9A distribution as a diagnostic functional assay for adaptor protein complex 4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab221. [PMID: 34729478 PMCID: PMC8557665 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptor protein complex 4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia is caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in AP4B1, AP4M1, AP4E1 or AP4S1, which constitute the four subunits of this obligate complex. While the diagnosis of adaptor protein complex 4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia relies on molecular testing, the interpretation of novel missense variants remains challenging. Here, we address this diagnostic gap by using patient-derived fibroblasts to establish a functional assay that measures the subcellular localization of ATG9A, a transmembrane protein that is sorted by adaptor protein complex 4. Using automated high-throughput microscopy, we determine the ratio of the ATG9A fluorescence in the trans-Golgi-network versus cytoplasm and ascertain that this metric meets standards for screening assays (Z'-factor robust >0.3, strictly standardized mean difference >3). The 'ATG9A ratio' is increased in fibroblasts of 18 well-characterized adaptor protein complex 4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia patients [mean: 1.54 ± 0.13 versus 1.21 ± 0.05 (standard deviation) in controls] and receiver-operating characteristic analysis demonstrates robust diagnostic power (area under the curve: 0.85, 95% confidence interval: 0.849-0.852). Using fibroblasts from two individuals with atypical clinical features and novel biallelic missense variants of unknown significance in AP4B1, we show that our assay can reliably detect adaptor protein complex 4 function. Our findings establish the 'ATG9A ratio' as a diagnostic marker of adaptor protein complex 4-associated hereditary spastic paraplegia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julian E Alecu
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Brechmann
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Ziegler
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Medical School, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Eberhardt
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hellen Jumo
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angelica D’Amore
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Parham Habibzadeh
- Persian BayanGene Research and Training Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71347 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Faghihi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jan L De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Stéphane Auvin
- Pediatric Neurology Department, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sonja Neuser
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernt Popp
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Edward Yang
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra K Davies
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Afshin Saffari
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hirst
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Chang D, Luong P, Li Q, LeBarron J, Anderson M, Barrett L, Lencer WI. Small-molecule modulators of INAVA cytosolic condensate and cell-cell junction assemblies. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212462. [PMID: 34251416 PMCID: PMC8276315 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells lining mucosal surfaces distinctively express the inflammatory bowel disease risk gene INAVA. We previously found that INAVA has dual and competing functions: one at lateral membranes where it affects mucosal barrier function and the other in the cytosol where INAVA enhances IL-1β signal transduction and protein ubiquitination and forms puncta. We now find that IL-1β–induced INAVA puncta are biomolecular condensates that rapidly assemble and physiologically resolve. The condensates contain ubiquitin and the E3 ligase βTrCP2, and their formation correlates with amplified ubiquitination, suggesting function in regulation of cellular proteostasis. Accordingly, a small-molecule screen identified ROS inducers, proteasome inhibitors, and inhibitors of the protein folding chaperone HSP90 as potent agonists for INAVA condensate formation. Notably, inhibitors of the p38α and mTOR pathways enhanced resolution of the condensates, and inhibitors of the Rho–ROCK pathway induced INAVA’s competing function by recruiting INAVA to newly assembled intercellular junctions in cells where none existed before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Phi Luong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jamie LeBarron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael Anderson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, MA
| | - Lee Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wayne I Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Di Nardo A, Lenoël I, Winden KD, Rühmkorf A, Modi ME, Barrett L, Ercan-Herbst E, Venugopal P, Behne R, Lopes CAM, Kleiman RJ, Bettencourt-Dias M, Sahin M. Phenotypic Screen with TSC-Deficient Neurons Reveals Heat-Shock Machinery as a Druggable Pathway for mTORC1 and Reduced Cilia. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107780. [PMID: 32579942 PMCID: PMC7381997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurogenetic disorder that leads to elevated mechanistic targeting of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity. Cilia can be affected by mTORC1 signaling, and ciliary deficits are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we examine whether neuronal cilia are affected in TSC. We show that cortical tubers from TSC patients and mutant mouse brains have fewer cilia. Using high-content image-based assays, we demonstrate that mTORC1 activity inversely correlates with ciliation in TSC1/2-deficientneurons.To investigate the mechanistic relationship between mTORC1 and cilia, we perform a phenotypic screen for mTORC1 inhibitors with TSC1/2-deficient neurons. We identify inhibitors ofthe heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) that suppress mTORC1 through regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 rescues ciliation through downregulation of Hsp27. Our study uncovers the heat-shock machinery as a druggable signaling node to restore mTORC1 activity and cilia due to loss of TSC1/2, and it provides broadly applicable platforms for studying TSC-related neuronal dysfunction. Di Nardo et al. find that cortical tubers from TSC patients and mutant mouse brains have fewer cilia. An image-based screening of mTORC1 activity in TSC1/2-deficient neurons leads to the identification of the heat-shock machinery as a druggable signaling node to restore mTORC1 activity and cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Di Nardo
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isadora Lenoël
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kellen D Winden
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alina Rühmkorf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meera E Modi
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ebru Ercan-Herbst
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pooja Venugopal
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert Behne
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carla A M Lopes
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Oeiras 2780-156, Portugal
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Sahin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Blersch R, Bonnell TR, Barrett L, Henzi SP. Seasonal effects in gastrointestinal parasite prevalence, richness and intensity in vervet monkeys living in a semi‐arid environment. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Blersch
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
- Applied Behavioral Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit The University of South Africa Florida South Africa
| | - T. R. Bonnell
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
| | - L. Barrett
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
- Applied Behavioral Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit The University of South Africa Florida South Africa
| | - S. P. Henzi
- Department of Psychology University of Lethbridge LethbridgeAB Canada
- Applied Behavioral Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit The University of South Africa Florida South Africa
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13
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Behne R, Teinert J, Wimmer M, D’Amore A, Davies AK, Scarrott JM, Eberhardt K, Brechmann B, Chen IPF, Buttermore ED, Barrett L, Dwyer S, Chen T, Hirst J, Wiesener A, Segal D, Martinuzzi A, Duarte ST, Bennett JT, Bourinaris T, Houlden H, Roubertie A, Santorelli FM, Robinson M, Azzouz M, Lipton JO, Borner GHH, Sahin M, Ebrahimi-Fakhari D. Adaptor protein complex 4 deficiency: a paradigm of childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia caused by defective protein trafficking. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:320-334. [PMID: 31915823 PMCID: PMC7001721 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the adaptor protein complex 4 (AP-4) leads to childhood-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia (AP-4-HSP): SPG47 (AP4B1), SPG50 (AP4M1), SPG51 (AP4E1) and SPG52 (AP4S1). This study aims to evaluate the impact of loss-of-function variants in AP-4 subunits on intracellular protein trafficking using patient-derived cells. We investigated 15 patient-derived fibroblast lines and generated six lines of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons covering a wide range of AP-4 variants. All patient-derived fibroblasts showed reduced levels of the AP4E1 subunit, a surrogate for levels of the AP-4 complex. The autophagy protein ATG9A accumulated in the trans-Golgi network and was depleted from peripheral compartments. Western blot analysis demonstrated a 3-5-fold increase in ATG9A expression in patient lines. ATG9A was redistributed upon re-expression of AP4B1 arguing that mistrafficking of ATG9A is AP-4-dependent. Examining the downstream effects of ATG9A mislocalization, we found that autophagic flux was intact in patient-derived fibroblasts both under nutrient-rich conditions and when autophagy is stimulated. Mitochondrial metabolism and intracellular iron content remained unchanged. In iPSC-derived cortical neurons from patients with AP4B1-associated SPG47, AP-4 subunit levels were reduced while ATG9A accumulated in the trans-Golgi network. Levels of the autophagy marker LC3-II were reduced, suggesting a neuron-specific alteration in autophagosome turnover. Neurite outgrowth and branching were reduced in AP-4-HSP neurons pointing to a role of AP-4-mediated protein trafficking in neuronal development. Collectively, our results establish ATG9A mislocalization as a key marker of AP-4 deficiency in patient-derived cells, including the first human neuron model of AP-4-HSP, which will aid diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Behne
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Teinert
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Wimmer
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Angelica D’Amore
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, 56018 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexandra K Davies
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Joseph M Scarrott
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Kathrin Eberhardt
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Barbara Brechmann
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ivy Pin-Fang Chen
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Buttermore
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sean Dwyer
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Chen
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Hirst
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Antje Wiesener
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Devorah Segal
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY 10021, USA
| | - Andrea Martinuzzi
- Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Unità Operativa Conegliano, 31015 Treviso, Italy
| | - Sofia T Duarte
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, 1169-050 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James T Bennett
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas Bourinaris
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | | | - Margaret Robinson
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Jonathan O Lipton
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georg H H Borner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari
- Department of Neurology, The F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Barrett L, Waithman J, Fear V, Willis V, Kutub N, Jackson G, Wood F, Fear M. Investigating the link between burn injury and tumorigenesis. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz268.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Cronin SJF, Seehus C, Weidinger A, Talbot S, Reissig S, Seifert M, Pierson Y, McNeill E, Longhi MS, Turnes BL, Kreslavsky T, Kogler M, Hoffmann D, Ticevic M, da Luz Scheffer D, Tortola L, Cikes D, Jais A, Rangachari M, Rao S, Paolino M, Novatchkova M, Aichinger M, Barrett L, Latremoliere A, Wirnsberger G, Lametschwandtner G, Busslinger M, Zicha S, Latini A, Robson SC, Waisman A, Andrews N, Costigan M, Channon KM, Weiss G, Kozlov AV, Tebbe M, Johnsson K, Woolf CJ, Penninger JM. The metabolite BH4 controls T cell proliferation in autoimmunity and cancer. Nature 2018; 563:564-568. [PMID: 30405245 PMCID: PMC6438708 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic regulators and environmental stimuli modulate T cell activation in autoimmunity and cancer. The enzyme co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is involved in the production of monoamine neurotransmitters, the generation of nitric oxide, and pain1,2. Here we uncover a link between these processes, identifying a fundamental role for BH4 in T cell biology. We find that genetic inactivation of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of BH4) and inhibition of sepiapterin reductase (the terminal enzyme in the synthetic pathway for BH4) severely impair the proliferation of mature mouse and human T cells. BH4 production in activated T cells is linked to alterations in iron metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics. In vivo blockade of BH4 synthesis abrogates T-cell-mediated autoimmunity and allergic inflammation, and enhancing BH4 levels through GCH1 overexpression augments responses by CD4- and CD8-expressing T cells, increasing their antitumour activity in vivo. Administration of BH4 to mice markedly reduces tumour growth and expands the population of intratumoral effector T cells. Kynurenine-a tryptophan metabolite that blocks antitumour immunity-inhibits T cell proliferation in a manner that can be rescued by BH4. Finally, we report the development of a potent SPR antagonist for possible clinical use. Our data uncover GCH1, SPR and their downstream metabolite BH4 as critical regulators of T cell biology that can be readily manipulated to either block autoimmunity or enhance anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane J F Cronin
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corey Seehus
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adelheid Weidinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastien Talbot
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonja Reissig
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yann Pierson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Serena Longhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Harvard Medical School (HMS), Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruna Lenfers Turnes
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Taras Kreslavsky
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna, Austria
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melanie Kogler
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Hoffmann
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Melita Ticevic
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Débora da Luz Scheffer
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luigi Tortola
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Domagoj Cikes
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Jais
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Manu Rangachari
- Department of Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche de CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shuan Rao
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magdalena Paolino
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Aichinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lee Barrett
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alban Latremoliere
- Neurosurgery Department, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen Zicha
- Quartet Medicine, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- LABOX, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Simon C Robson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nick Andrews
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guenter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pneumology), Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrey V Kozlov
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mark Tebbe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kai Johnsson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Bioengineering, National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
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Huebner EA, Budel S, Jiang Z, Omura T, Ho TSY, Barrett L, Merkel JS, Pereira LM, Andrews NA, Wang X, Singh B, Kapur K, Costigan M, Strittmatter SM, Woolf CJ. Diltiazem Promotes Regenerative Axon Growth. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:3948-3957. [PMID: 30232777 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Axotomy results in permanent loss of function after brain and spinal cord injuries due to the minimal regenerative propensity of the adult central nervous system (CNS). To identify pharmacological enhancers of axon regeneration, 960 compounds were screened for cortical neuron axonal regrowth using an in vitro cortical scrape assay. Diltiazem, verapamil, and bromopride were discovered to facilitate axon regeneration in rat cortical cultures, in the presence of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). Diltiazem, an L-type calcium channel blocker (L-CCB), also promotes axon outgrowth in adult primary mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and induced human sensory (iSensory) neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Huebner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Stéphane Budel
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhaoxin Jiang
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Takao Omura
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tammy Szu-Yu Ho
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Janie S Merkel
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Luis M Pereira
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nick A Andrews
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xingxing Wang
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Bhagat Singh
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kush Kapur
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair Program, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Francheville JW, Rankin R, Beck JN, Hoare C, Khan R, Materniak S, German G, Barrett L, Wall NB, Smyth D. A30 FIRST YEAR OUTCOMES FROM A PROVINCIALLY FUNDED NON-FIBROSIS RESTRICTED HEPATITIS C TREATMENT PROGRAM IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - R Rankin
- Health PEI, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - J N Beck
- Health PEI, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - C Hoare
- Health PEI, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - R Khan
- Health PEI, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | | | - G German
- Health PEI, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - L Barrett
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - D Smyth
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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18
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Henzi SP, Hetem R, Fuller A, Maloney S, Young C, Mitchell D, Barrett L, McFarland R. Consequences of sex-specific sociability for thermoregulation in male vervet monkeys during winter. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. P. Henzi
- Department of Psychology; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge AB Canada
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit; University of South Africa; Florida Gauteng South Africa
| | - R. Hetem
- Brain Function Research Group; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - A. Fuller
- Brain Function Research Group; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - S. Maloney
- Brain Function Research Group; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
| | - C. Young
- Applied Behavioural Ecology and Ecosystems Research Unit; University of South Africa; Florida Gauteng South Africa
| | - D. Mitchell
- Brain Function Research Group; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - L. Barrett
- Department of Psychology; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge AB Canada
- Brain Function Research Group; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - R. McFarland
- Brain Function Research Group; School of Physiology; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Anthropology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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19
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Bakheit A, Shaw S, Barrett L, Wood J, Carrington S, Griffiths S, Searle K, Koutsi F. A prospective, randomized, parallel group, controlled study of the effect of intensity of speech and language therapy on early recovery from poststroke aphasia. Clin Rehabil 2016; 21:885-94. [DOI: 10.1177/0269215507078486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine whether the amount of speech and language therapy influences the recovery from poststroke aphasia. Setting: A hospital stroke unit and community. Design: A prospective, randomized controlled trial. Intervention: Aphasic stroke patients were randomly allocated to receive 5 hours (intensive therapy group, n=51) or 2 hours (standard therapy group) of speech and language therapy per week for 12 consecutive weeks starting as soon as practicable after the stroke. Another 19 patients were recruited for 2 hours per week of therapy and were treated by National Health Service (NHS) staff (NHS group). Outcome measure and assessment: The Western Aphasia Battery. Assessments were made blind to randomization at baseline and 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after the start of therapy. Data were analysed by intention to treat. Results: The mean (SD) Western Aphasia Battery score at week 12 for the intensive, standard and NHS groups was 70.3 (26.9), 66.2 (26.2) and 58.1 (33.7), respectively. There was no treatment effect of intensive therapy (P > 0.05), but there was a statistically significant difference between the standard study and the NHS groups (P = 0.002 at week 12 and 0.01 at week 24). Conclusions: Intensive speech and language therapy (as delivered in this study) did not improve the language impairment significantly more than the `standard' therapy which averaged 1.6 hours/week. The improvement in aphasia was least in patients who were in the NHS group. These patients received 0.57 (0.49) hours of therapy per week.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Shaw
- School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Plymouth
| | - L. Barrett
- Stroke Unit, Mount Gould Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - J. Wood
- Stroke Unit, Mount Gould Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | | | | | - K. Searle
- Stroke Unit, Mount Gould Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - F. Koutsi
- Stroke Unit, Mount Gould Hospital, Plymouth, UK
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Chandran V, Coppola G, Nawabi H, Omura T, Versano R, Huebner EA, Zhang A, Costigan M, Yekkirala A, Barrett L, Blesch A, Michaelevski I, Davis-Turak J, Gao F, Langfelder P, Horvath S, He Z, Benowitz L, Fainzilber M, Tuszynski M, Woolf CJ, Geschwind DH. A Systems-Level Analysis of the Peripheral Nerve Intrinsic Axonal Growth Program. Neuron 2016; 89:956-70. [PMID: 26898779 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the injured CNS in adult mammals is severely limited, yet axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) regrow, albeit to a limited extent, after injury. We reasoned that coordinate regulation of gene expression in injured neurons involving multiple pathways was central to PNS regenerative capacity. To provide a framework for revealing pathways involved in PNS axon regrowth after injury, we applied a comprehensive systems biology approach, starting with gene expression profiling of dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) combined with multi-level bioinformatic analyses and experimental validation of network predictions. We used this rubric to identify a drug that accelerates DRG neurite outgrowth in vitro and optic nerve outgrowth in vivo by inducing elements of the identified network. The work provides a functional genomics foundation for understanding neural repair and proof of the power of such approaches in tackling complex problems in nervous system biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayendran Chandran
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Homaira Nawabi
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Takao Omura
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Revital Versano
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric A Huebner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alice Zhang
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Costigan
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ajay Yekkirala
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Armin Blesch
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Izhak Michaelevski
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeremy Davis-Turak
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Fuying Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Langfelder
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Larry Benowitz
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mike Fainzilber
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mark Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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21
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Barrett L, Trehanpati N, Poonia S, Daigh L, Sarin SK, Masur H, Kottilil S. Hepatic compartmentalization of exhausted and regulatory cells in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:281-8. [PMID: 25174689 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated intrahepatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) pathogenesis is likely the result of dysregulation within both the innate and adaptive immune compartments, but the exact contribution of peripheral blood and liver lymphocyte subsets remains unclear. Prolonged activation and expansion of immunoregulatory cells have been thought to play a role. We determined immune cell subset frequency in contemporaneous liver and peripheral blood samples from chronic HCV-infected and HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and biopsy-derived liver-infiltrating lymphocytes from 26 HIV/HCV-coinfected, 10 chronic HCV-infected and 10 HIV-infected individuals were assessed for various subsets of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cell, natural killer (NK) cell and NK T-cell frequency by flow cytometry. CD8(+) T cells expressing the exhaustion marker PD-1 were increased in HCV-infected individuals compared with uninfected individuals (P = 0.02), and HIV coinfection enhanced this effect (P = 0.005). In the liver, regulatory CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) T cells, as well as CD4(+) CD25(+) PD1(+) T cells, were more frequent in HIV/HCV-coinfected than in HCV-monoinfected samples (P < 0.001). HCV was associated with increased regulatory T cells, PD-1(+) T cells and decreased memory B cells, regardless of HIV infection (P ≤ 0.005 for all). Low CD8(+) expression was observed only in PD-1(+) CD8(+) T cells from HCV-infected individuals and healthy controls (P = 0.002) and was associated with enhanced expansion of exhausted CD8(+) T cells when exposed in vitro to PHA or CMV peptides. In conclusion, in HIV/HCV coinfection, ongoing HCV replication is associated with increased regulatory and exhausted T cells in the periphery and liver that may impact control of HCV. Simultaneous characterization of liver and peripheral blood highlights the disproportionate intrahepatic compartmentalization of immunoregulatory T cells, which may contribute to establishment of chronicity and hepatic fibrogenesis in HIV coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barrett
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Wainger BJ, Buttermore ED, Oliveira JT, Mellin C, Lee S, Saber WA, Wang AJ, Ichida JK, Chiu IM, Barrett L, Huebner EA, Bilgin C, Tsujimoto N, Brenneis C, Kapur K, Rubin LL, Eggan K, Woolf CJ. Modeling pain in vitro using nociceptor neurons reprogrammed from fibroblasts. Nat Neurosci 2014; 18:17-24. [PMID: 25420066 PMCID: PMC4429606 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells from one cell fate to another can generate specific
neurons suitable for disease modeling. To maximize the utility of patient-derived neurons,
they must model not only disease-relevant cell classes but also the diversity of neuronal
subtypes found in vivo and the pathophysiological changes that underlie
specific clinical diseases. Here, we identify five transcription factors that reprogram
mouse and human fibroblasts into noxious stimulus-detecting (nociceptor) neurons that
recapitulate the expression of quintessential nociceptor-specific functional receptors and
channels found in adult mouse nociceptor neurons as well as native subtype diversity.
Moreover, the derived nociceptor neurons exhibit TrpV1 sensitization to the inflammatory
mediator prostaglandin E2 and the chemotherapeutic drug oxaliplatin, modeling the inherent
mechanisms underlying inflammatory pain hypersensitivity and painful chemotherapy-induced
neuropathy. Using fibroblasts from patients with familial dysautonomia (hereditary sensory
and autonomic neuropathy type III), we show that the technique can reveal novel aspects of
human disease phenotypes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Wainger
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. [3] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Buttermore
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julia T Oliveira
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Laboratório de Neurodegeneração e Reparo, Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cassidy Mellin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seungkyu Lee
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wardiya Afshar Saber
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy J Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin K Ichida
- 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isaac M Chiu
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eric A Huebner
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Canan Bilgin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Naomi Tsujimoto
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian Brenneis
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kush Kapur
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- 1] Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- 1] F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. [2] Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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23
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Myers S, Martin N, Bawn R, Blackburn T, Barrett L, Reuillon T, Golding B, Griffin R, Hammonds T, Hardcastle I, Leung H, Newell D, Rigoreau L, Wong A, Cano C. 429 Development of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5) inhibitors for anti-cancer therapy. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Dyson A, Ekbal N, Stotz M, Barnes S, Carré J, Tully S, Henderson S, Barrett L, Singer M. Component reductions in oxygen delivery generate variable haemodynamic and stress hormone responses. Br J Anaesth 2014; 113:708-16. [PMID: 24852502 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeu089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical practice, global oxygen delivery (DO2) is often considered as a whole; however pathological and adaptive responses after a decrease in individual constituents of the DO2 equation (cardiac output, haemoglobin, oxyhaemoglobin saturation) are likely to be diverse. We hypothesized that an equivalent decrease in DO2 after reductions in each separate component of the equation would result in different haemodynamic, tissue oxygenation, and stress hormonal responses. METHODS Anaesthetized, fluid-resuscitated male Wistar rats were subjected to circulatory, anaemic, or hypoxic hypoxia (by haemorrhage, isovolaemic haemodilution, and breathing a hypoxic gas mix, respectively), produced either rapidly over 5 min or graded over 30 min, to a targeted 50% decrease in global oxygen delivery. Sham-operated animals acted as controls. Measurements were made of haemodynamics, skeletal muscle tissue oxygen tension, blood gas analysis, and circulating stress hormone levels. RESULTS Whereas haemorrhage generated the largest decrease in cardiac output, and the greatest stress hormone response, haemodilution had the most marked effect on arterial pressure. In contrast, rapid hypoxaemia produced a minor impact on global haemodynamics yet induced the greatest decrease in regional oxygenation. A greater degree of hyperlactataemia was observed with graded insults compared with those administered rapidly. CONCLUSIONS Decreasing global oxygen delivery, achieved by targeted reductions in its separate components, induces varying circulatory, tissue oxygen tension, and stress hormone responses. We conclude that not all oxygen delivery is the same; this disparity should be emphasized in classical teaching and re-evaluated in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dyson
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Ekbal
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Stotz
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK Centre for Perioperative Medicine and Critical Care Research, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Barnes
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Carré
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Tully
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Henderson
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Barrett
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Singer
- Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Tanih N, Samie A, Nyathi E, Barrett L, Guerrant R, Bessong P. Prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in young children from rural South Africa: The Mal-ED cohort. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Thackray A, Barrett L, Tolfrey K. Acute energy intake restriction, moderate intensity exercise and postprandial plasma triacylglycerol concentration in girls. Appetite 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cortez KJ, Proschan MA, Barrett L, Brust DG, Weatherley B, Formentini E, Davey RT, Masur H, Polis MA, Neumann And AU, Kottilil S. Baseline CD4+ T-cell counts predict HBV viral kinetics to adefovir treatment in lamivudine-resistant HBV-infected patients with or without HIV infection. HIV Clin Trials 2013; 14:149-59. [PMID: 23924587 DOI: 10.1310/hct1404-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coinfection with HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) substantially alters the course of HBV. Directly acting anti-HBV agents suppress HBV viral levels; however, the kinetics of HBV decline in mono- and coinfected persons have not been evaluated. We investigated the role of baseline CD4+ T-cell counts as a predictor of HBV response to adefovir (ADV) therapy in chronic HBV with and without HIV coinfection. METHODS We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of HIV-infected (n = 12) and uninfected (n = 5) chronic HBV patients treated with ADV. Five HIV uninfected patients received ADV; the HIV+ patients received ADV or placebo for a total of 48 weeks. At the end of 48 weeks, all patients received open-label ADV for an additional 48 weeks. HBV, HIV viral loads, CD4+ T-cell counts, and safety labs were performed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 28 and then every 4 weeks. RESULTS Lower HBV slopes were observed among coinfected compared to monoinfected patients (P = .027 at 4 weeks, P = .019 at 24 weeks, and P = .045 at 48 weeks). Using a mixed model analysis, we found a significant difference between the slopes of the 2 groups at 48 weeks (P = .045). Baseline CD4+ T-cell count was the only independent predictor of HBV decline in all patients. CONCLUSION HIV coinfection is associated with slower HBV response to ADV. Baseline CD4+ T-cell count and not IL28B genotype is an independent predictor of HBV decline in all patients, emphasizing the role of immune status on clearance of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Cortez
- Division of Human Tissues, Office of Cell Therapy and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD, USA
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Guerrini L, Barrett L, Dougan JA, Faulds K, Graham D. Improving the understanding of oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates using DNA-binding fluorophores. Nanoscale 2013; 5:4166-4170. [PMID: 23598624 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01197f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent-based method for characterisation of oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates (ONPCs) is reported. We exploit the ability of the double-stranded DNA-binding dye, SYBR Green I, to develop a powerful analytical tool to investigate the melting properties and hybridisation behavior of ONPCs as well as their corresponding DNA-mediated assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guerrini
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1YL, UK.
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Ikram-Bashir F, Barrett L, Cummins C, Pattison H. P274 Designing a Behavioural-Educational Intervention Using Intervention Mapping to Reduce the High Rates of Paediatric Asthma Hospital Admissions in an Inner-City Area of Birmingham. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rao S, Barrett L, Frost S. P1 Omalizumab in Paediatric Asthma: Importance of Multi-Disciplinary Assessment to Identify Eligible Patients. Thorax 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2012-202678.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Current socioecological models suggest that the structure of female-bonded primate groups is predicated on the need for coalitionary support in competitive interactions. Social grooming is thought to be the means by which females ensure support from other individuals, either by the direct exchange of grooming for aid or by using grooming as a means of strengthening social bonds. Since these relationships are valuable, they must be regularly serviced and must be repaired if they become damaged. We question this position and show that empirical evidence to support these theoretical arguments is lacking. We then go on to present a new framework in which the inconsistencies regarding grooming and relationship negotiation are interpreted in the context of individual decision-making processes. In this framework, primate groups represent biological markets in which individuals either trade grooming in a reciprocal manner for the direct benefits that grooming itself offers, or exchange it for tolerance by more powerful animals. A number of testable predictions are derived from this hypotheses. The need for socioecological studies to focus on the dynamics of individual relationships rather than using summary measures is emphasized since only a detailed knowledge of serial interaction will provide the key to understanding the complexities of individual decision-making processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Henazi
- Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Natal, 4041, Durban, Republic of South Africa,
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Hegarty C, Barrett L. 53 Integration of a SMART Podium Into an Emergency Medicine Residency Conference. Ann Emerg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kozono D, Nitta M, Sampetrean O, Kimberly N, Kushwaha D, Merzon D, Ligon K, Zhu S, Zhu K, Kim TH, Kwon CH, Becher O, Saya H, Chen CC, Donovan LK, Birks SM, Bosak V, Pilkington GJ, Mao P, Li J, Joshi K, Hu B, Cheng S, Sobol RW, Nakano I, Li M, Hale JS, Myers JT, Huang AY, Gladson C, Sloan AA, Rich JN, Lathia JD, Hall PE, Li M, Gallagher J, Hale JS, Wu Q, Venere M, Levy E, Rani MS, Huang P, Bae E, Selfridge J, Cheng L, Guvenc H, McLendon RE, Nakano I, Sloan AE, Phillips H, Lai A, Gladson C, Bredel M, Bao S, Hjelmeland A, Lathia JD, Rich JN, Hale JS, Li M, Sinyuk M, Rich JN, Lathia JD, Lathia JD, Li M, Sathyan P, Hale J, Zinn P, Gallagher J, Wu Q, Carson CT, Naik U, Hjelmeland A, Majumder S, Rich JN, Venere M, Wu Q, Song LA, Vasanji A, Tenley N, Hjelmeland AB, Rich JN, Peruzzi P, Bronisz A, Antonio Chiocca E, Godlewski JA, Guryanova OA, Wu Q, Fang X, Rich JN, Bao S, Christel HMC, Benito C, Zoltan G, Aline B, Tilman S, Josephine B, Carolin M, Thomas S, Violaine G, Unterberg A, Capilla-Gonzalez V, Guerrero-Cazares H, Cebrian-Silla A, Garcia-Verdugo JM, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Man J, Shoemake J, Venere M, Rich J, Yu J, He X, DiMeco F, Vescovi AL, Heth JA, Muraszko KM, Fan X, Nguyen SA, Stechishin OD, Luchman HA, Kelly JJ, Cairncross JG, Weiss S, Kim Y, Kim E, Wu Q, Guryanova OO, Hitomi M, Lathia J, Serwanski D, Sloan AE, Robert J, Lee J, Nishiyama A, Bao S, Hjelmeland AB, Rich JN, Liu JK, Wu Q, Hjelmeland AB, Rich JN, Flavahan WA, Kim Y, Li M, Lathia J, Rich J, Hjelmeland A, Fernandez N, Wu M, Bredel M, Das S, Bazzoli E, Pulvirenti T, Oberstadt MC, Perna F, Boyoung W, Schultz N, Huse JT, Fomchenko EI, Voza F, Tabar V, Brennan CW, DeAngelis LM, Nimer SD, Holland EC, Squatrito M, Chen YH, Gutmann DH, Kim SH, Lee MK, Chwae YJ, Yoo BC, Kim KH, Soeda A, Hara A, Iwama T, Park DM, Golebiewska A, Bougnaud S, Stieber D, Brons NH, Vallar L, Hertel F, Bjerkvig R, Niclou SP, Hamerlik P, Lathia JD, Rasmussen R, Fricova D, Rich JN, Jiri B, Schulte A, Kathagen A, Zapf S, Meissner H, Phillips HS, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Sanzey M, Golebiewska A, Stieber D, Niclou SP, Singh SK, Vartanian A, Gumin J, Sulman EP, Lang FF, Zadeh G, Bayin NS, Dietrich A, Abel T, Chao MV, Song HR, Buchholz CJ, Placantonakis D, Esencay M, Zagzag D, Balyasnikova IV, Prasol MS, Ferguson SD, Ahmed AU, Han Y, Lesniak MS, Barish ME, Brown CE, Herrmann K, Argalian S, Gutova M, Tang Y, Annala A, Moats RA, Ghoda LY, Aboody KS, Hitomi M, Gallagher J, Gadani S, Li M, Adkins J, Vsanji A, Wu Q, Soeda A, McLendon R, Chenn A, Hjelmeland A, Park D, Lathia J, Rich J, Dictus C, Friauf S, Valous NA, Grabe N, Muerle B, Unterberg AW, Herold-Mende CC, Lee HK, Finniss S, Buchris E, Ziv-Av A, Casacu S, Xiang C, Bobbit K, Rempel SA, Mikkelsen T, Slavin S, Brodie C, Kim E, Woo DH, Oh Y, Kim M, Nam DH, Lee J, Li Q, Salas S, Pendleton C, Wijesekera O, Chesler D, Wang J, Smith C, Guerrero-Cazares H, Levchenko A, Quinones-Hinojosa A, LaPlant Q, Pitter K, Bleau AM, Helmy K, Werbeck J, Barrett L, Shimizu F, Benezra R, Tabar V, Holland E, Chu Q, Bar E, Orr B, Eberhart CG, Schmid RS, Bash RE, Werneke AM, White KK, Miller CR, Agasse F, Jhaveri N, Hofman FM, Chen TC, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T, Kondo Y, Woo DH, Kim E, Chang N, Nam DH, Lee J, Moon E, Kanai R, Yip S, Kimura A, Tanaka S, Rheinbay E, Cahill D, Curry W, Mohapatra G, Iafrate J, Chi A, Martuza R, Rabkin S, Wakimoto H, Cusulin C, Luchman HA, Weiss S, Gutova M, Frank JA, Annala AJ, Barish ME, Moats RA, Aboody KS. LAB-STEM CELLS. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Barrett L, Krishnaswamy S, Lamont P, Flanigan K, Davis M, Gooding R, Fletcher S, Wilton S. T.P.28 Pseudo-exon inactivation of the dystrophin gene: Ideal candidates for exon skipping. Neuromuscul Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2012.06.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Ma CHE, Omura T, Cobos EJ, Latrémolière A, Ghasemlou N, Brenner GJ, van Veen E, Barrett L, Sawada T, Gao F, Coppola G, Gertler F, Costigan M, Geschwind D, Woolf CJ. Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor recovery after peripheral nerve injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4332-47. [PMID: 21965333 DOI: 10.1172/jci58675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although peripheral nerves can regenerate after injury, proximal nerve injury in humans results in minimal restoration of motor function. One possible explanation for this is that injury-induced axonal growth is too slow. Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a regeneration-associated protein that accelerates axonal growth in vitro. Here, we have shown that it can also do this in mice after peripheral nerve injury. While rapid motor and sensory recovery occurred in mice after a sciatic nerve crush injury, there was little return of motor function after sciatic nerve transection, because of the delay in motor axons reaching their target. This was not due to a failure of axonal growth, because injured motor axons eventually fully re-extended into muscles and sensory function returned; rather, it resulted from a lack of motor end plate reinnervation. Tg mice expressing high levels of Hsp27 demonstrated enhanced restoration of motor function after nerve transection/resuture by enabling motor synapse reinnervation, but only within 5 weeks of injury. In humans with peripheral nerve injuries, shorter wait times to decompression surgery led to improved functional recovery, and, while a return of sensation occurred in all patients, motor recovery was limited. Thus, absence of motor recovery after nerve damage may result from a failure of synapse reformation after prolonged denervation rather than a failure of axonal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Program in Neurobiology and F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children’s Hospital Boston, and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Barrett L, Dougan JA, Faulds K, Graham D. Stable dye-labelled oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates for nucleic acid detection. Nanoscale 2011; 3:3221-3227. [PMID: 21647500 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10310e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles functionalized with oligonucleotides are used for a number of nucleic acid detection strategies. However, oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates suffer from a lack of stability when exposed to certain conditions associated with DNA detection assays. In this study, we report the synthesis of thiol and thioctic acid-modified oligonucleotide gold nanoparticle (OGNs) conjugates functionalized with a dye label and varying spacer groups. The thioctic acid-modified conjugates exhibit increased stability when treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) compared to the more commonly used thiol modification. When the dye labelled oligonucleotide nanoparticle conjugates are exposed to the same conditions there is a pronounced increase in the stability for both thioctic acid and thiol modified sequences. These results open up the possibility of simply using a dye label to enhance the stability of oligonucleotide-nanoparticle conjugates in DNA detection assays where the enhanced stability of the conjugate system can be advantageous in more complex biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Barrett
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral St., Glasgow, G1 1XL
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Graham D, Stevenson R, Thompson DG, Barrett L, Dalton C, Faulds K. Combining functionalised nanoparticles and SERS for the detection of DNA relating to disease. Faraday Discuss 2011; 149:291-9; discussion 333-56. [PMID: 21413187 DOI: 10.1039/c005397j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA functionalised nanoparticle probes offer new opportunities in analyte detection. Ultrasensitive, molecularly specific targeting of analytes is possible through the use of metallic nanoparticles and their ability to generate a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) response. This is leading to a new range of diagnostic clinical probes based on SERS detection. Our approaches have shown how such probes can detect specific DNA sequences by using a biomolecular recognition event to 'turn on' a SERS response through a controlled assembly process of the DNA functionalised nanoparticles. Further, we have prepared DNA aptamer functionalised SERS probes and demonstrated how introduction of a protein target can change the aggregation state of the nanoparticles in a dose-dependant manner. These approaches are being used as methods to detect biomolecules that indicate a specific disease being present with a view to improving disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Graham
- Centre For Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a widespread chronic infection that shares routes of transmission with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thus, coinfection with these viruses is a relatively common and growing problem. In general, liver disease develops over years with HIV coinfection, when compared to decades in HCV monoinfection. The role of the immune system in the accelerated pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV/HCV coinfection is not clear. In this study, we compared the frequency, magnitude, breadth and specificity of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses between HCV-monoinfected and HCV/HIV-coinfected individuals and between HIV/HCV-coinfected subgroups distinguished by anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA status. While HIV coinfection tended to reduce the frequency and breadth of anti-HCV CD8+ T-cell responses in general, responses that were present were substantially stronger than in monoinfection. In all groups, HCV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were rare and weak, independent of either nadir or concurrent CD4+ T-cell counts of HIV-infected individuals. Subgroup analysis demonstrated restricted breadth of CD8+ HCV-specific T-cell responses and lower B-cell counts in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals without anti-HCV antibodies. The greatest difference between HIV/HCV-coinfected and HCV-monoinfected groups was substantially stronger HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in the HIV-coinfected group, which may relate to accelerated liver disease in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barrett
- Immunology Program, Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
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Hemmings S, Nevill M, Morris J, Barrett L. Longitudinal development of physiological characteristics in elite young males. Br J Sports Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.081554.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Clarke P, Halliday J, Barrett L, Henzi S. Chacma baboon mating markets: competitor suppression mediates the potential for intersexual exchange. Behav Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arq125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Anderson E, White D, Siegel E, Barrett L. Out of sight, but not out of mind: Affect as a source of information about visual images. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Coetzee V, Greeff JM, Barrett L, Henzi SP. Facial-based ethnic recognition: insights from two closely related but ethnically distinct groups. S AFR J SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.4102/sajs.v105i11/12.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Samie A, Guerrant RL, Barrett L, Bessong PO, Igumbor EO, Obi CL. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic and bacterial pathogens in diarrhoeal and non-diarroeal human stools from Vhembe district, South Africa. J Health Popul Nutr 2009; 27:739-45. [PMID: 20099757 PMCID: PMC2928113 DOI: 10.3329/jhpn.v27i6.4325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a cross-sectional survey of intestinal parasitic and bacterial infections in relation to diarrhoea in Vhembe district and the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of isolated bacterial pathogens was conducted. Stool samples were collected from 528 patients attending major public hospitals and 295 children attending two public primary schools and were analyzed by standard microbiological and parasitological techniques. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar (34.2%) and Cryptosporidium spp. (25.5%) were the most common parasitic causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Giardia lamblia (12.8%) was the most common cause of diarrhoea among the primary school children (p < 0.05). Schistosoma mansoni (14.4%) was more common in non-diarrhoeal samples at both hospitals (16.9%) and schools (17.6%). Campylobacter spp. (24.9%), Aeromonas spp. (20.8%), and Shigella spp. (8.5%) were the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea among the hospital attendees while Campylobacter (12.8%) and Aeromonas spp. (12.8%) were most common in diarrhoeal samples from school children. Vibrio spp. was less common (3% in the hospitals) and were all associated with diarrhoea. Antimicrobial resistance was common among the bacterial isolates but ceftriaxone (91%) and ciprofloxacin (88.6%) showed stronger activities against all the organisms. The present study has demonstrated that E. histolytica/dispar, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and Cyclospora are common parasitic causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district while Campylobacter spp. and Aeromonas are the most common bacterial causes of diarrhoea in Vhembe district of South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Samie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo Province, South Africa.
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Amaya F, Samad TA, Barrett L, Broom DC, Woolf CJ. Periganglionic inflammation elicits a distally radiating pain hypersensitivity by promoting COX-2 induction in the dorsal root ganglion. Pain 2009; 142:59-67. [PMID: 19135800 PMCID: PMC2755568 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a model in which inflammation contiguous to and within a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was generated by local application of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to the L4 lumbar spinal nerve as it exits from the intervertebral foramen. The periganglionic inflammation (PGI) elicited a marked reduction in withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli and an increase in heat pain sensitivity in the ipsilateral hindpaw in the absence of any hindpaw inflammation. The pain sensitivity appeared within hours and lasted for a week. The PGI also induced a prominent increase in IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels in the DRG and of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in neurons and satellite cells. A selective COX-2 inhibitor reduced the PGI-induced hyperalgesia. We also show that IL-1beta induces COX-2 expression and prostaglandin release in DRG neurons in vitro in a MAP kinase-dependent fashion. The COX-2 induction was prevented by ERK and p38 inhibitors. We conclude that periganglionic inflammation increases cytokine levels, including IL-1beta, leading to the transcription of COX-2 and prostaglandin production in the affected DRG, and thereby to the development of a dermatomally distributed pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumimasa Amaya
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tarek A. Samad
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Lee Barrett
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Daniel C. Broom
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
| | - Clifford J. Woolf
- Neural Plasticity Research Group, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA
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