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Ventrello SW, McMurry NR, Edwards NM, Bain LJ. Chronic arsenic exposure affects stromal cells and signaling in the small intestine in a sex-specific manner. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:303-315. [PMID: 38310360 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxicant that is ingested through drinking water and food, exposing nearly 140 million people to levels above the 10 ppb guideline concentration. Studies have shown that arsenic affects intestinal stem cells (ISCs), but the mechanisms by which arsenic alters the formation of adult cells in the small intestine are not well understood. Signals derived from intestinal stromal cells initiate and maintain differentiation. The goal of this study is to evaluate arsenic's effect on intestinal stromal cells, including PdgfrαLo trophocytes, located proximal to the ISCs, and PdgfrαHi telocytes, located proximal to the transit-amplifying region and up the villi. Adult Sox9tm2Crm-EGFP mice were exposed to 0, 33, and 100 ppb sodium arsenite in their drinking water for 13 weeks, and sections of duodenum were examined. Flow cytometry indicated that arsenic exposure dose-responsively reduced Sox9+ epithelial cells and trended toward increased Pdgfrα+ cells. The trophocyte marker, CD81, was reduced by 10-fold and 9.0-fold in the 100 ppb exposure group in male and female mice, respectively. Additionally, a significant 2.2- to 3.1-fold increase in PdgfrαLo expression was found in male mice in trophocytes and Igfbp5+ cells. PdgfrαHi protein expression, a telocyte marker, was more prevalent along the villus/crypt structure in females, whereas Gli1 expression (telocytes) was reduced in male mice exposed to arsenic. Principle coordinate analysis confirmed the sex-dependent response to arsenic exposure, with an increase in trophocyte and decrease in telocyte marker expression observed in male mice. These results imply that arsenic alters intestinal mesenchymal cells in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Ventrello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Nicholas R McMurry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Nicholas M Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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Perego MC, McMichael BD, McMurry NR, Ventrello SW, Bain LJ. Arsenic Impairs Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Cholinergic Motor Neurons. Toxics 2023; 11:644. [PMID: 37624150 PMCID: PMC10458826 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure during embryogenesis can lead to improper neurodevelopment and changes in locomotor activity. Additionally, in vitro studies have shown that arsenic inhibits the differentiation of sensory neurons and skeletal muscle. In the current study, human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells were differentiated into motor neurons over 28 days, while being exposed to up to 0.5 μM arsenic. On day 6, neuroepithelial progenitor cells (NEPs) exposed to arsenic had reduced transcript levels of the neural progenitor/stem cell marker nestin (NES) and neuroepithelial progenitor marker SOX1, while levels of these transcripts were increased in motor neuron progenitors (MNPs) at day 12. In day 18 early motor neurons (MNs), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) expression was reduced two-fold in cells exposed to 0.5 μM arsenic. RNA sequencing demonstrated that the cholinergic synapse pathway was impaired following exposure to 0.5 μM arsenic, and that transcript levels of genes involved in acetylcholine synthesis (CHAT), transport (solute carriers, SLC18A3 and SLC5A7) and degradation (acetylcholinesterase, ACHE) were all downregulated in day 18 early MNs. In day 28 mature motor neurons, arsenic significantly downregulated protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and ChAT by 2.8- and 2.1-fold, respectively, concomitantly with a reduction in neurite length. These results show that exposure to environmentally relevant arsenic concentrations dysregulates the differentiation of human iPS cells into motor neurons and impairs the cholinergic synapse pathway, suggesting that exposure impairs cholinergic function in motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Chiara Perego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Nicholas R. McMurry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Scott W. Ventrello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Perego MC, McMichael BD, Bain LJ. Arsenic impairs stem cell differentiation via the Hippo signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:296-309. [PMID: 37125325 PMCID: PMC10141767 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic metalloid, with over 150 million people exposed to arsenic concentrations above the current 10 ppb drinking water standard through contaminated food and water. Arsenic is a known developmental toxicant as neuronal and muscle development are disrupted following arsenic exposure during embryogenesis. In this study, murine embryonic stem cells were chronically exposed to 0.1 μM (7.5 ppb) arsenic for 32 weeks. RNA sequencing showed that the Hippo signaling pathway, which is involved in embryonic development and pluripotency maintenance, is impaired following arsenic exposure. Thus, temporal changes in the Hippo pathway's core components and its downstream target genes Ctgf and c-Myc were investigated. Protein expression of the pathway's main effector YAP in its active form was significantly upregulated by 3.7-fold in arsenic-exposed cells at week 8, while protein expression of inactive phosphorylated YAP was significantly downregulated by 2.5- and 2-fold at weeks 8 and 16. Exposure to arsenic significantly increased the ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic YAP by 1.9-fold at weeks 16 and 28. The ratio between nuclear and cytoplasmic transcriptional enhancer factor domain was similarly increased in arsenic-treated samples by 3.4- and 1.6-fold at weeks 16 and 28, respectively. Levels of Ctgf and c-Myc were also upregulated following arsenic exposure. These results suggest that chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant arsenic concentration might hinder cellular differentiation and maintain pluripotency through the impairment of the Hippo signaling pathway resulting in increased YAP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chiara Perego
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, United States
| | - Benjamin D McMichael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, United States
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, 120 South Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, United States
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC, 29631, United States
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Dương TB, Dwivedi R, Bain LJ. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol exposure impairs osteogenic differentiation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 461:116386. [PMID: 36682590 PMCID: PMC9974311 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) is a synthetic antioxidant used in polyethylene crosspolymer (PEX) water distribution pipes and food-related plastics. 2,4-DTBP can leach from plastic materials and has been found in breast milk, cord blood, and placental tissue, giving rise to the concern that this compound may interfere with fetal development. The objective of this study is to assess the impacts of 2,4-DTBP on cellular differentiation. Human induced pluripotent stem (HiPS) cells were differentiated into osteoblasts or myoblasts over 40 days, and analyzed for markers of somite, dermomyotome, sclerotome, myoblast, and osteoblast development. When cultured as stem cells, 2,4-DTBP did not alter cell viability and expression of markers (NANOG, OCT4). However, upon differentiation into somite-like cells, 2,4-DTBP had reduced levels of MEOX1 and TBX6 transcripts, while NANOG and OCT4 were in turn upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. At the sclerotome-like stage, PAX9 mRNA decreased by 2-fold in the 0.5 μM and 1.0 μM 2,4-DTBP exposure groups. After 40 days of differentiation into an osteoblast-like lineage, exposure to 2,4-DTBP significantly reduced expression of the osteogenesis transcripts RUNX2 and OSX in a dose-dependent manner. Further, Alizarin Red staining of calcium deposits was decreased in the 0.5 μM and 1.0 μM treatment groups. In contrast, myogenesis was not affected by 2,4-DTBP exposure. Interestingly, KEAP1 expression was significantly increased in the sclerotomal-like cells, but decreased in the dermomytomal-like cells, which may suggest a mechanism of action. Overall, this study shows that 2,4-DTBP can delay key processes during sclerotome and osteoblast development, leading to a potential for bone developmental issues in exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Bình Dương
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raj Dwivedi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Kellett MP, Jatko JT, Darling CL, Ventrello SW, Bain LJ. Arsenic Exposure Impairs Intestinal Stromal Cells. Toxicol Lett 2022; 361:54-63. [PMID: 35378173 PMCID: PMC9038714 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxicant commonly found in drinking water. Even though its main route of exposure is oral, little is known of the impact of in vivo arsenic exposure on small intestine. In vitro studies have shown that arsenic decreases differentiation of stem and progenitor cells in several different tissues. Thus, small intestinal organoids were used to assess if arsenic exposure would also impair intestinal stem cell differentiation. Unexpectedly, no changes in markers of differentiated epithelial cells were seen. However, exposing mice to 100 ppb arsenic in drinking water for 5 weeks impaired distinct populations of intestinal stromal cells. Arsenic reduced the width of the pericryptal lamina propria by 1.6-fold, and reduced Pdgfra mRNA expression, which is expressed in intestinal telocytes and trophocytes, by 4.2-fold. The height or extension of Pdgfra+ telopodes into the villus tip was also significantly reduced. Transcript expression of several other stromal cell markers, such as Grem1, Gli, CD81, were reduced by 1.9-, 2.3-, and 1.4-fold, respectively. Further, significant correlations exist between levels of Pdgfra and Gli1, Grem1, and Bmp4. Our results suggest arsenic impairs intestinal trophocytes and telocytes, leading to alterations in the Bmp signaling pathway.
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Sexton CE, Anstey KJ, Baldacci F, Barnum CJ, Barron AM, Blennow K, Brodaty H, Burnham S, Elahi FM, Götz J, Jeon YH, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, Landau SM, Lautenschlager NT, Laws SM, Lipnicki DM, Lu H, Masters CL, Moyle W, Nakamura A, Pasinetti GM, Rao N, Rowe C, Sachdev PS, Schofield PR, Sigurdsson EM, Smith K, Srikanth V, Szoeke C, Tansey MG, Whitmer R, Wilcock D, Wong TY, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Alzheimer's disease research progress in Australia: The Alzheimer's Association International Conference Satellite Symposium in Sydney. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:178-190. [PMID: 34058063 PMCID: PMC9396711 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association International Conference held its sixth Satellite Symposium in Sydney, Australia in 2019, highlighting the leadership of Australian researchers in advancing the understanding of and treatment developments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. This leadership includes the Australian Imaging, Biomarker, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL), which has fueled the identification and development of many biomarkers and novel therapeutics. Two multimodal lifestyle intervention studies have been launched in Australia; and Australian researchers have played leadership roles in other global studies in diverse populations. Australian researchers have also played an instrumental role in efforts to understand mechanisms underlying vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia; and through the Women's Healthy Aging Project have elucidated hormonal and other factors that contribute to the increased risk of AD in women. Alleviating the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia has also been a strong research and clinical focus in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- University of New South Wales and Neuroscience Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filippo Baldacci
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- GRC n° 21, Alzheimer Precision Medicine (APM), AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Anna M. Barron
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samantha Burnham
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fanny M. Elahi
- Memory and Aging Center, Weill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), Queensland Brain Institute (QBI), The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus (Brisbane), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yun-Hee Jeon
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Sciences, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Susan M. Landau
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Nicola T. Lautenschlager
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon M. Laws
- Collaborative Genomics and Translation Group, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Darren M. Lipnicki
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Griffith, QLD, Australia
| | - Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Biomarker Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Giulio Maria Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISSMS), New York, New York, USA
| | - Naren Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Christopher Rowe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Perminder S. Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney and School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Einar M. Sigurdsson
- Departments of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kate Smith
- Centre for Aboriginal Medical and Dental Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Peninsula Clinical School, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Malú G. Tansey
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Normal Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel Whitmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Donna Wilcock
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, Pennsylvania, USA
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Jatko JT, Darling CL, Kellett MP, Bain LJ. Arsenic exposure in drinking water reduces Lgr5 and secretory cell marker gene expression in mouse intestines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 422:115561. [PMID: 33957193 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a global health concern that causes toxicity through ingestion of contaminated water and food. In vitro studies suggest that arsenic reduces stem and progenitor cell differentiation. Thus, this study determined if arsenic disrupted intestinal stem cell (ISC) differentiation, thereby altering the number, location, and/or function of intestinal epithelial cells. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 0 or 100 ppb sodium arsenite (AsIII) through drinking water for 5 weeks. Duodenal sections were collected to assess changes in morphology, proliferation, and cell types. qPCR analysis revealed a 40% reduction in Lgr5 transcripts, an ISC marker, in the arsenic-exposed mice, although there were no changes in the protein expression of Olfm4. Secretory cell-specific transcript markers of Paneth (Defa1), Goblet (Tff3), and secretory transit amplifying (Math1) cells were reduced by 51%, 44%, and 30% respectively, in the arsenic-exposed mice, indicating significant impacts on the Wnt-dependent differentiation pathway. Further, protein levels of phosphorylated β-catenin were reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice, which increased the expression of Wnt-dependent transcripts CD44 and c-myc. PCA analysis, followed by MANOVA and regression analyses, revealed significant changes and correlations between Lgr5 and the transit amplifying (TA) cell markers Math1 and Hes1, which are in the secretory cell pathway. Similar comparisons between Math1 and Defa1 show that terminal differentiation into Paneth cells is also reduced in the arsenic-exposed mice. The data suggests that ISCs are not lost following arsenic exposure, but rather, specific Wnt-dependent progenitor cell formation and terminal differentiation in the small intestine is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T Jatko
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Caitlin L Darling
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Michael P Kellett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Rentz DM, Wessels AM, Annapragada AV, Berger A, Edgar CJ, Gold M, Miller DS, Randolph C, Ryan JM, Wunderlich G, Zoschg MC, Trépel D, Knopman DS, Staffaroni AM, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC, Weber CJ. Building clinically relevant outcomes across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2021; 7:e12181. [PMID: 34195350 PMCID: PMC8234696 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Demonstrating that treatments are clinically meaningful across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum is critical for meeting our goals of accelerating a cure by 2025. While this topic has been a focus of several Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable (AARR) meetings, there remains no consensus as to what constitutes a "clinically meaningful outcome" in the eyes of patients, clinicians, care partners, policymakers, payers, and regulatory bodies. Furthermore, the field has not come to agreement as to what constitutes a clinically meaningful treatment effect at each stage of disease severity. The AARR meeting on November 19-20, 2019, reviewed current approaches to defining clinical meaningfulness from various perspectives including those of patients and care partners, clinicians, regulators, health economists, and public policymakers. Participants discussed approaches that may confer clinical relevance at each stage of the disease continuum and fostered discussion about what should guide us in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorene M. Rentz
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Center for Alzheimer Research and TreatmentDepartment of NeurologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Ananth V. Annapragada
- E.B. Singleton Department of RadiologyTexas Children's Hospital & Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher Randolph
- WCG MedAvante‐ProPhaseHamiltonNew JerseyUSA
- Department of NeurologyLoyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIllinoisUSA
| | | | | | | | - Dominic Trépel
- Global Brain Health InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- School of MedicineTrinity College DublinUniversity of DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Adam M. Staffaroni
- Memory and Aging CenterDepartment of NeurologyWeill Institute for NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science WriterElversonPennsylvaniaUSA
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9
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Hendrix JA, Amon A, Abbeduto L, Agiovlasitis S, Alsaied T, Anderson HA, Bain LJ, Baumer N, Bhattacharyya A, Bogunovic D, Botteron KN, Capone G, Chandan P, Chase I, Chicoine B, Cieuta-Walti C, DeRuisseau LR, Durand S, Esbensen A, Fortea J, Giménez S, Granholm AC, Hahn LJ, Head E, Hillerstrom H, Jacola LM, Janicki MP, Jasien JM, Kamer AR, Kent RD, Khor B, Lawrence JB, Lemonnier C, Lewanda AF, Mobley W, Moore PE, Nelson LP, Oreskovic NM, Osorio RS, Patterson D, Rasmussen SA, Reeves RH, Roizen N, Santoro S, Sherman SL, Talib N, Tapia IE, Walsh KM, Warren SF, White AN, Wong GW, Yi JS. Opportunities, barriers, and recommendations in down syndrome research. Transl Sci Rare Dis 2021; 5:99-129. [PMID: 34268067 PMCID: PMC8279178 DOI: 10.3233/trd-200090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in medical care have increased life expectancy and improved the quality of life for people with Down syndrome (DS). These advances are the result of both pre-clinical and clinical research but much about DS is still poorly understood. In 2020, the NIH announced their plan to update their DS research plan and requested input from the scientific and advocacy community. OBJECTIVE The National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS) and the LuMind IDSC Foundation worked together with scientific and medical experts to develop recommendations for the NIH research plan. METHODS NDSS and LuMind IDSC assembled over 50 experts across multiple disciplines and organized them in eleven working groups focused on specific issues for people with DS. RESULTS This review article summarizes the research gaps and recommendations that have the potential to improve the health and quality of life for people with DS within the next decade. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights many of the scientific gaps that exist in DS research. Based on these gaps, a multidisciplinary group of DS experts has made recommendations to advance DS research. This paper may also aid policymakers and the DS community to build a comprehensive national DS research strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelika Amon
- Deceased. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Leonard Abbeduto
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Tarek Alsaied
- Heart Institute Department of Pediatrics Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Nicole Baumer
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Down Syndrome Program, Developmental Medicine Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dusan Bogunovic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY; Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelly N. Botteron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Priya Chandan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Isabelle Chase
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Chicoine
- Advocate Medical Group Adult Down Syndrome Center, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Esbensen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine & Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Barcelona Down Medical Center, Fundació Catalana de Síndrome de Down, Barcelona, Spain; Sant Pau Memory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Center of Biomedical Investigation Network for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Giménez
- Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit, Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura J. Hahn
- Department of Speech and Hearing Science, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Lisa M. Jacola
- Department of Psychology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Joan M. Jasien
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Angela R. Kamer
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond D. Kent
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bernard Khor
- Benaroy Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeanne B. Lawrence
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Amy Feldman Lewanda
- Children s National Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC., USA
| | - William Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul E. Moore
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicolas M. Oreskovic
- Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Center for Brain Health, Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
- Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Sonja A. Rasmussen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Roger H. Reeves
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Roizen
- Department of Pediatrics, UH/Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Down Syndrome Program, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie L. Sherman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nasreen Talib
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ignacio E. Tapia
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- Division of Neuro-epidemiology, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Steven F. Warren
- Institute for Life Span Studies, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - A. Nicole White
- Research Foundation, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guang William Wong
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John S. Yi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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10
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Vitek MP, Araujo JA, Fossel M, Greenberg BD, Howell GR, Rizzo SJS, Seyfried NT, Tenner AJ, Territo PR, Windisch M, Bain LJ, Ross A, Carrillo MC, Lamb BT, Edelmayer RM. Translational animal models for Alzheimer's disease: An Alzheimer's Association Business Consortium Think Tank. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2021; 6:e12114. [PMID: 33457489 PMCID: PMC7798310 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over 5 million Americans and 50 million individuals worldwide are living with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The progressive dementia associated with AD currently has no cure. Although clinical trials in patients are ultimately required to find safe and effective drugs, animal models of AD permit the integration of brain pathologies with learning and memory deficits that are the first step in developing these new drugs. The purpose of the Alzheimer's Association Business Consortium Think Tank meeting was to address the unmet need to improve the discovery and successful development of Alzheimer's therapies. We hypothesize that positive responses to new therapies observed in validated models of AD will provide predictive evidence for positive responses to these same therapies in AD patients. To achieve this goal, we convened a meeting of experts to explore the current state of AD animal models, identify knowledge gaps, and recommend actions for development of next-generation models with better predictability. Among our findings, we all recognize that models reflecting only single aspects of AD pathogenesis do not mimic AD. Models or combinations of new models are needed that incorporate genetics with environmental interactions, timing of disease development, heterogeneous mechanisms and pathways, comorbidities, and other pathologies that lead to AD and related dementias. Selection of the best models requires us to address the following: (1) which animal species, strains, and genetic backgrounds are most appropriate; (2) which models permit efficient use throughout the drug development pipeline; (3) the translatability of behavioral-cognitive assays from animals to patients; and (4) how to match potential AD therapeutics with particular models. Best practice guidelines to improve reproducibility also need to be developed for consistent use of these models in different research settings. To enhance translational predictability, we discuss a multi-model evaluation strategy to de-risk the successful transition of pre-clinical drug assets to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas T. Seyfried
- Departments of Biochemistry and NeurologyEmory School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Andrea J. Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science and Medical WriterElversonPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - April Ross
- Former Alzheimer's Association EmployeeChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Indiana University School of MedicineStark Neurosciences Research InstituteIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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11
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Snyder PJ, Alber J, Alt C, Bain LJ, Bouma BE, Bouwman FH, DeBuc DC, Campbell MC, Carrillo MC, Chew EY, Cordeiro MF, Dueñas MR, Fernández BM, Koronyo-Hamaoui M, La Morgia C, Carare RO, Sadda SR, van Wijngaarden P, Snyder HM. Retinal imaging in Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:103-111. [PMID: 33090722 PMCID: PMC8062064 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, research focused on developing retinal imaging as a source of potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, has increased significantly. The Alzheimer's Association and the Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment, Disease Monitoring editorial team (companion journal to Alzheimer's & Dementia) convened an interdisciplinary discussion in 2019 to identify a path to expedite the development of retinal biomarkers capable of identifying biological changes associated with AD, and for tracking progression of disease severity over time. As different retinal imaging modalities provide different types of structural and/or functional information, the discussion reflected on these modalities and their respective strengths and weaknesses. Discussion further focused on the importance of defining the context of use to help guide the development of retinal biomarkers. Moving from research to context of use, and ultimately to clinical evaluation, this article outlines ongoing retinal imaging research today in Alzheimer's and other brain diseases, including a discussion of future directions for this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Snyder
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Jessica Alber
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
| | - Clemens Alt
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, Pennsylvania
| | - Brett E. Bouma
- Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts
| | - Femke H. Bouwman
- Neurologist, Alzheimer Center Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Melanie C.W. Campbell
- Physics and Astronomy, Optometry and Vision Science and Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emily Y. Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. Francesca Cordeiro
- Imperial College London, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, ICORG Western Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Michael R. Dueñas
- Chief Public Health Officer (Ret.), American Optometric Association, Washington, D.C
| | | | - Maya Koronyo-Hamaoui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical Research Institute and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Applied Cell Biology and Physiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, University of Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Srinivas R. Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Peter van Wijngaarden
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Australia
- Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Heather M. Snyder
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer’s Association, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Baldwin WS, Bain LJ. PRIMO 20 - 20th international symposium of pollutant responses in Marine Organisms: Key issues and mechanisms in marine and freshwater toxicology. Mar Environ Res 2020; 162:105111. [PMID: 32877872 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William S Baldwin
- Clemson University, Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Clemson University, Biological Sciences, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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13
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Cummings J, Pinto LC, Cruz M, Fischer CE, Gerritsen DL, Grossberg GT, Hwang TJ, Ismail Z, Jeste DV, Koopmans R, Lanctot KL, Mateos R, Peschin S, Sampaio C, Tsuang D, Wang H, Zhong K, Bain LJ, Sano M. Criteria for Psychosis in Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders: International Psychogeriatric Association (IPA) Consensus Clinical and Research Definition. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 28:1256-1269. [PMID: 32958332 PMCID: PMC7669601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is common among individuals with neurocognitive disorders, is difficult to manage, and causes considerable burden and stress to patients and caregivers. Developing effective treatments is a substantial unmet medical need but research has been slowed by the need for updated consensus diagnostic criteria. To address this need, the International Psychogeriatrics Association initiated a process to develop criteria for clinical use, research, and treatment development efforts. The process included clinical, regulatory, and industry stakeholders as well as input from a global network of experts in geriatric psychiatry responding to two surveys (N = 336). Results from the consensus process confirmed that clinicians wanted elaboration of aspects of the definition proposed by Jeste and Finkel in 2000 to ensure that the criteria are applied appropriately. Based on discussions, the survey, and emerging research, criteria were revised to apply to psychosis occurring with all major and mild neurocognitive disorders. Other important changes include providing examples of hallucinations and delusions and clarifying time course, impact, and exclusionary criteria. This definition of psychosis in major and mild neurocognitive disorders can be used to advance many types of research including development of much needed pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions for psychosis in patients with neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Cummings
- Department of Brain Health (JC), School of Integrated Health Sciences, Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health (JC), Las Vegas, NV.
| | | | - Manuel Cruz
- Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Corinne E. Fischer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Debby L. Gerritsen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Tzung-Jeng Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dilip V. Jeste
- Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Raymond Koopmans
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Krista L. Lanctot
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario; University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Raimundo Mateos
- University of Santiago de Compostela, Department of Psychiatry, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Sampaio
- CHDI Management/CHDI Foundation Inc. Princeton, USA and Laboratorio de Farmacologia Clinica, Lisbon School of Medicine, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Debby Tsuang
- University of Washington School of Medicine/VA Puget Sound, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Huali Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science and Medical Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
| | - Mary Sano
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC, NY and the James J Peers VAMC, Bronx NY Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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14
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McMichael BD, Perego MC, Darling CL, Perry RL, Coleman SC, Bain LJ. Long-term arsenic exposure impairs differentiation in mouse embryonal stem cells. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:1089-1102. [PMID: 33124703 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant found in many foods and drinking water. Exposure to arsenic during development can cause improper neuronal progenitor cell development, differentiation, and function, while in vitro studies have determined that acute arsenic exposure to stem and progenitor cells reduced their ability to differentiate. In the current study, P19 mouse embryonal stem cells were exposed continuously to 0.1-μM (7.5 ppb) arsenic for 32 weeks. A cell lineage array examining messenger RNA (mRNA) changes after 8 and 32 weeks of exposure showed that genes involved in pluripotency were increased, whereas those involved in differentiation were reduced. Therefore, temporal changes of select pluripotency and neuronal differentiation markers throughout the 32-week chronic arsenic exposure were investigated. Sox2 and Oct4 mRNA expression were increased by 1.9- to 2.5-fold in the arsenic-exposed cells, beginning at Week 12. Sox2 protein expression was similarly increased starting at Week 16 and remained elevated by 1.5-fold to sixfold. One target of Sox2 is N-cadherin, whose expression is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs). Exposure to arsenic significantly increased N-cadherin protein levels beginning at Week 20, concurrent with increased grouping of N-cadherin positive cells at the perimeter of the embryoid body. Expression of Zeb1, which helps increase the expression of Sox2, was also increased started at Week 16. In contrast, Gdf3 mRNA expression was reduced by 3.4- to 7.2-fold beginning at Week 16, and expression of its target protein, phospho-Smad2/3, was also reduced. These results suggest that chronic, low-level arsenic exposure may delay neuronal differentiation and maintain pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D McMichael
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - M Chiara Perego
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Caitlin L Darling
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rebekah L Perry
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah C Coleman
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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15
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Snyder PJ, Snyder HM, Bain LJ. Retinal imaging think tank convened by the Alzheimer's Association to examine its promise in the early detection of Alzheimer's. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:244. [PMID: 31914228 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Snyder
- Ryan Institute of Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Heather M Snyder
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Weninger S, Sperling B, Alexander R, Ivarsson M, Menzies FM, Powchik P, Weber CJ, Altar CA, Crystal RG, Haggarty SJ, Loring J, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Active immunotherapy and alternative therapeutic modalities for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020; 6:e12090. [PMID: 33083513 PMCID: PMC7550557 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As knowledge of Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression improves, the field has recognized the need to diversify the pipeline, broaden strategies and approaches to therapies, as well as delivery mechanisms. A better understanding of the earliest biological processes of AD/dementia would help inform drug target selection. Currently there are a number of programs exploring these alternate avenues. This meeting will allow experts in the field (academia, industry, government) to provide perspectives and experiences that can help elucidate what the pipeline looks like today and what avenues hold promise in developing new therapies across the stages of AD. The focus here is on Active Immunotherapies and Alternative Therapeutic Modalities. This topic includes active vaccines, antisense oligomers, and cell-based therapy among others, and highlights new clinical developments that utilize these modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Alexander
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co. Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Magnus Ivarsson
- Rodin Therapeutics 300 Technology Square Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Peter Powchik
- United Neuroscience 9 Exchange Place, I. F. S. C Dublin Ireland
| | | | | | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory Center for Genomic Medicine Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer Elverson Pennsylvania USA
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17
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Salloway SP, Sevingy J, Budur K, Pederson JT, DeMattos RB, Von Rosenstiel P, Paez A, Evans R, Weber CJ, Hendrix JA, Worley S, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Advancing combination therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020; 6:e12073. [PMID: 33043108 PMCID: PMC7539671 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led to an increased understanding of the multiple pathologies and pathways of the disease. As such, it has been proposed that AD and its various stages might be most effectively treated with a combination approach rather than a single therapy; however, combination approaches present many challenges that include limitations of non-clinical models, complexity of clinical trial design, and unclear regulatory requirements. The Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable meeting on May 7-8, 2018, discussed the approaches and challenges of combination therapy for AD. Experts in the field (academia, industry, and government) provided perspectives that may help establish a path forward for the development of new combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Evans
- Takeda Development Center, Americas, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Susan Worley
- Independent Science WriterBryn MawrPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science WriterElversonPennsylvaniaUSA
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18
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Baldwin WS, Bain LJ, Di Giulio R, Kullman S, Rice CD, Ringwood AH, den Hurk PV. 20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20): Global issues and fundamental mechanisms caused by pollutant stress in marine and freshwater organisms. Aquat Toxicol 2020; 227:105620. [PMID: 32932042 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The 20th Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms (PRIMO 20) conference provided a forum for scientists from around the world to communicate novel toxicological research findings specifically focused on aquatic organisms, by combining applied and basic research at the intersection of environmental and mechanistic toxicology. The work highlighted in this special issue of Aquatic Toxicology, a special issue of Marine Environmental Research, and presented through posters and presentations, encompass important and emerging topics in freshwater and marine toxicology. This includes multiple types of emerging contaminants including microplastics and UV filtering chemicals. Other studies aimed to further our understanding of the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Further research presented in this virtual issue examined the interactive effects of chemicals and pathogens, while the final set of manuscripts demonstrates continuing efforts to combine traditional biomonitoring, data from -omic technologies, and modeling for use in risk assessment and management. An additional goal of PRIMO meetings is to address the link between environmental and human health. Several articles in this issue of Aquatic Toxicology describe the appropriateness of using aquatic organisms as models for human health, while the keynote speakers, as described in the editorial below, presented research that highlighted bioaccumulation of contaminants such as PFOS and mercury from fish to marine mammals and coastal human populations such as the Gullah/GeeChee near Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Baldwin
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States.
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
| | - Richard Di Giulio
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
| | - Seth Kullman
- Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
| | - Charles D Rice
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
| | - Amy H Ringwood
- Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina-Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States.
| | - Peter van den Hurk
- Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, United States
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19
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McDade E, Bednar MM, Brashear HR, Miller DS, Maruff P, Randolph C, Ismail Z, Carrillo MC, Weber CJ, Bain LJ, Hake AM. The pathway to secondary prevention of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2020; 6:e12069. [PMID: 32885024 PMCID: PMC7453146 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a continuum consisting of a preclinical stage that occurs decades before symptoms appear. As researchers make advances in investigating the continuum, the importance of developing drugs for secondary prevention is garnering increased discussion. For efficacious drug development for secondary prevention it is important to define what are the earliest biological stages of AD. The Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable convened November 27 to 28, 2018 to focus on pre-clinical AD. This review will address the biological approach to defining pre-clinical AD, detection, identification of at-risk individuals, and lessons learned from trials such as A4 and TOMMORROW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric McDade
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSaint LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Martin M. Bednar
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.Americas, Inc.CambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Randolph
- MedAvante‐ProPhaseHamiltonNew JerseyUSA
- Department of NeurologyLoyola University Medical CenterMaywoodIllinoisUSA
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Cumming School of MedicineThe University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | | | | | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science WriterElversonPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ann Marie Hake
- Eli Lilly and CompanyIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of NeurologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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Abstract
The 2018 Clinical Trials on Alzheimer's Disease (CTAD) conference showcased recent successes and failures in trials of Alzheimer's disease treatments. More importantly, the conference provided opportunities for investigators to share what they have learned from those studies with the goal of designing future trials with a greater likelihood of success. Data from studies of novel and non-amyloid treatment approaches were also shared, including neuroprotective and regenerative strategies and those that target neuroinflammation and synaptic function. New tools to improve the efficiency and productivity of clinical trials were described, including biomarkers and machine learning algorithms for predictive modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vellas
- B. Vellas, INSERM U1027, Alzheimer's Disease Research and Clinical Center, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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21
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Kivipelto M, Mangialasche F, Snyder HM, Allegri R, Andrieu S, Arai H, Baker L, Belleville S, Brodaty H, Brucki SM, Calandri I, Caramelli P, Chen C, Chertkow H, Chew E, Choi SH, Chowdhary N, Crivelli L, Torre RDL, Du Y, Dua T, Espeland M, Feldman HH, Hartmanis M, Hartmann T, Heffernan M, Henry CJ, Hong CH, Håkansson K, Iwatsubo T, Jeong JH, Jimenez-Maggiora G, Koo EH, Launer LJ, Lehtisalo J, Lopera F, Martínez-Lage P, Martins R, Middleton L, Molinuevo JL, Montero-Odasso M, Moon SY, Morales-Pérez K, Nitrini R, Nygaard HB, Park YK, Peltonen M, Qiu C, Quiroz YT, Raman R, Rao N, Ravindranath V, Rosenberg A, Sakurai T, Salinas RM, Scheltens P, Sevlever G, Soininen H, Sosa AL, Suemoto CK, Tainta-Cuezva M, Velilla L, Wang Y, Whitmer R, Xu X, Bain LJ, Solomon A, Ngandu T, Carrillo MC. World-Wide FINGERS Network: A global approach to risk reduction and prevention of dementia. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1078-1094. [PMID: 32627328 PMCID: PMC9527644 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the risk of dementia can halt the worldwide increase of affected people. The multifactorial and heterogeneous nature of late-onset dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), indicates a potential impact of multidomain lifestyle interventions on risk reduction. The positive results of the landmark multidomain Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) support such an approach. The World-Wide FINGERS (WW-FINGERS), launched in 2017 and including over 25 countries, is the first global network of multidomain lifestyle intervention trials for dementia risk reduction and prevention. WW-FINGERS aims to adapt, test, and optimize the FINGER model to reduce risk across the spectrum of cognitive decline—from at-risk asymptomatic states to early symptomatic stages—in different geographical, cultural, and economic settings. WW-FINGERS aims to harmonize and adapt multidomain interventions across various countries and settings, to facilitate data sharing and analysis across studies, and to promote international joint initiatives to identify globally implementable and effective preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miia Kivipelto
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholms Sjukhem, Research & Development Unit, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Mangialasche
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Aging Research Center, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heather M Snyder
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- INSERM, University of Toulouse UMR1027, Toulouse, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Laura Baker
- Department of Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sylvie Belleville
- Institute Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia M Brucki
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ismael Calandri
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Christopher Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Howard Chertkow
- Division of Medicine/Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Cognitive Neurology and Innovation, Baycrest Health Sciences and Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Effie Chew
- Division of Neurology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seong H Choi
- Department of Neurology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Neerja Chowdhary
- Brain Health Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lucía Crivelli
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael De La Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tarun Dua
- Brain Health Unit, Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark Espeland
- Department of Internal Medicine - Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Howard H Feldman
- Department of Neurosciences, Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study, University of California, San Diego, California, La Jolla, USA.,Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Maris Hartmanis
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,FINGERS Brain Health Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- German Institute for Dementia Prevention (DIDP), Medical Faculty, and Department of Experimental Neurology, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Megan Heffernan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christiani J Henry
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang H Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Krister Håkansson
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Takeshi Iwatsubo
- Unit for Early and Exploratory Clinical Development, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jee H Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gustavo Jimenez-Maggiora
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, San Diego, USA
| | - Edward H Koo
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenni Lehtisalo
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia (GNA), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Pablo Martínez-Lage
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ralph Martins
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lefkos Middleton
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Neurology, Public Health Directorate, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - José L Molinuevo
- BarcelonaBeta Brain Research Center, Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Montero-Odasso
- Department of Medicine and Biostatistics Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - So Y Moon
- Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kristal Morales-Pérez
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,FINGERS Brain Health Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Haakon B Nygaard
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoo K Park
- Department of Medical nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Markku Peltonen
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Aging Research Center, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia (GNA), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia.,Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rema Raman
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, San Diego, USA
| | - Naren Rao
- Department of psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Anna Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Rosa M Salinas
- Laboratory of Dementias, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustavo Sevlever
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ana L Sosa
- Laboratory of Dementias, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia K Suemoto
- Division of Geriatrics, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mikel Tainta-Cuezva
- Department of Neurology, Center for Research and Advanced Therapies, CITA-Alzheimer Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain.,Organización Sanitaria Integrada Goierri Alto Urola, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Lina Velilla
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia (GNA), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Antioquia, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rachel Whitmer
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alina Solomon
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical and Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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22
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Snyder HM, Bain LJ, Brickman AM, Carrillo MC, Esbensen AJ, Espinosa JM, Fernandez F, Fortea J, Hartley SL, Head E, Hendrix J, Kishnani PS, Lai F, Lao P, Lemere C, Mobley W, Mufson EJ, Potter H, Zaman SH, Granholm AC, Rosas HD, Strydom A, Whitten MS, Rafii MS. Further understanding the connection between Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:1065-1077. [PMID: 32544310 PMCID: PMC8865308 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Improved medical care of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has led to an increase in life expectancy to over the age of 60 years. In conjunction, there has been an increase in age-related co-occurring conditions including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the factors that underlie symptom and age of clinical presentation of dementia in people with DS may provide insights into the mechanisms of sporadic and DS-associated AD (DS-AD). In March 2019, the Alzheimer's Association, Global Down Syndrome Foundation and the LuMind IDSC Foundation partnered to convene a workshop to explore the state of the research on the intersection of AD and DS research; to identify research gaps and unmet needs; and to consider how best to advance the field. This article provides a summary of discussions, including noting areas of emerging science and discovery, considerations for future studies, and identifying open gaps in our understanding for future focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Snyder
- Alzheimer’s Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lisa J. Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam M. Brickman
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Alzheimer’s Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna J. Esbensen
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center & University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Department of Pharmacology, Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Fabian Fernandez
- Departments of Psychology and Neurology, BIO5 Institute, and The Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juan Fortea
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
- Down Medical Center, Catalan Down Syndrome Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sigan L. Hartley
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James Hendrix
- LuMind IDSC Foundation, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya S. Kishnani
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Florence Lai
- Department of Neurology, Harvard University/Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Patrick Lao
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cynthia Lemere
- Department of Neurology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Huntington Potter
- Rocky Mountain Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Shahid H. Zaman
- Cambridge Intellectual & Developmental Disability Research Group, Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H. Diana Rosas
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andre Strydom
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, LonDowns Consortium, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | - Michael S. Rafii
- Alzheimer’s Therapeutics Research Institute and Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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23
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Rentz DM, Wessels AM, Bain LJ, Weber CJ, Carrillo MC. Clinical meaningfulness addressed at Alzheimer's Association Research Roundtable. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:814. [PMID: 32386282 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorene M Rentz
- Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher J Weber
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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24
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Weninger S, Sperling B, Bain LJ, Carillo MC. Research Roundtable Considers Novel Treatment Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.09.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacie Weninger
- F-Prime Biomedical Research Initiative (FBRI); Cambridge MA USA
| | | | | | - Maria C. Carillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations; Alzheimer's Association; Chicago IL USA
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25
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Gaugler JE, Bain LJ, Mitchell L, Finlay J, Fazio S, Jutkowitz E. Reconsidering frameworks of Alzheimer's dementia when assessing psychosocial outcomes. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2019; 5:388-397. [PMID: 31463361 PMCID: PMC6708985 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this introductory article to the special issue on psychosocial outcome measures in Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions is to outline new frameworks to more effectively capture and measure the full range of how people living with Alzheimer's dementia and their family caregivers experience the disease process. Specifically, we consider the strengths and weaknesses of alternative perspectives, including person-centered, strength-based, and resilience-focused approaches that may complement and extend the dominant deficit paradigm to reflect the entirety of the dementia experience. Our aim is to encourage innovative methods to measure psychosocial aspects of Alzheimer's dementia and caregiving that have not yet received sufficient attention, including resources (e.g., services and supports) and positive caregiver and care recipient outcomes (e.g., positive mood and adaptation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Gaugler
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, The University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Jessica Finlay
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sam Fazio
- Care and Support, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Jutkowitz
- Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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26
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Knopman DS, Haeberlein SB, Carrillo MC, Hendrix JA, Kerchner G, Margolin R, Maruff P, Miller DS, Tong G, Tome MB, Murray ME, Nelson PT, Sano M, Mattsson N, Sultzer DL, Montine TJ, Jack CR, Kolb H, Petersen RC, Vemuri P, Canniere MZ, Schneider JA, Resnick SM, Romano G, van Harten AC, Wolk DA, Bain LJ, Siemers E. The National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease: Perspectives from the Research Roundtable. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 14:563-575. [PMID: 29653607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable met in November 2017 to explore the new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework for Alzheimer's disease. The meeting allowed experts in the field from academia, industry, and government to provide perspectives on the new National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association Research Framework. This review will summarize the "A, T, N System" (Amyloid, Tau, and Neurodegeneration) using biomarkers and how this may be applied to clinical research and drug development. In addition, challenges and barriers to the potential adoption of this new framework will be discussed. Finally, future directions for research will be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Maruff
- Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mary Sano
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David L Sultzer
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Hartmuth Kolb
- Janssen Research and Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
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27
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Knopman DS, Siemers ER, Bain LJ, Hendrix JA, Carrillo MC. National Institute on Aging - Alzheimer's Association Research Framework lays the groundwork for deeper understanding of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 14:261-262. [PMID: 29413643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
| | - James A Hendrix
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
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28
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Szymkowicz DB, Sims KC, Schwendinger KL, Tatnall CM, Powell RR, Bruce TF, Bridges WC, Bain LJ. Exposure to arsenic during embryogenesis impairs olfactory sensory neuron differentiation and function into adulthood. Toxicology 2019; 420:73-84. [PMID: 30978373 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant of food and drinking water. Epidemiological studies have reported correlations between arsenic exposure and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, such as reduced sensory functioning, while in vitro studies have shown that arsenic reduces neurogenesis and alters stem cell differentiation. The goal of this study was assess whether arsenic exposure during embryogenesis reduced olfactory stem cell function and/or numbers, and if so, whether those changes persist into adulthood. Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) embryos were exposed to 0, 10, 50 or 200 ppb arsenite (AsIII) until hatching, and juvenile fish were raised in clean water. At 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 28 and 40 weeks of age, odorant response tests were performed to assess specific olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) function. Olfactory epithelia were then collected for immunohistochemical analysis of stem cell (Sox2) and proliferating cell numbers (PCNA), as well as the number and expression of ciliated (calretinin) and microvillus OSNs (Gαi3) at 0, 4, 16 and 28 weeks. Odorant tests indicated that arsenic exposure during embryogenesis increased the start time of killifish responding to pheromones, and this altered start time persisted to 40 weeks post-exposure. Response to the odorant taurocholic acid (TCA) was also reduced through week 28, while responses to amino acids were not consistently altered. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine whether changes in odorant responses were correlated to altered cell numbers in the olfactory epithelium, using markers of proliferating cells, progenitor cells, and specific OSNs. Comparisons between response to pheromones and PCNA + cells indicated that, at week 0, both parameters in exposed fish were significantly reduced from the control group. At week 28, all exposure are still significantly different than control fish, but now with higher PCNA expression coupled with reduced pheromone responses. A similar trend was seen in the comparisons between Sox2-expressing progenitor cells and response to pheromones, although Sox2 expression in the 28 week-old fish only recovers back to the level of control fish rather than being significantly higher. Comparisons between calretinin expression (ciliated OSNs) and response to TCA demonstrated that both parameters were reduced in the 200 ppb arsenic-exposed fish in at weeks 4, 16, and 28. Correlations between TCA response and the number of PCNA + cells revealed that, at 28 weeks of age, all arsenic exposure groups had reductions in response to TCA, but higher PCNA expression, similar to that seen with the pheromones. Few changes in Gαi3 (microvillus OSNs) were seen. Thus, it appears that embryonic-only exposure to arsenic has long-term reductions in proliferation and differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons, leading to persistent effects in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Szymkowicz
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Kaleigh C Sims
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Rhonda R Powell
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Terri F Bruce
- Clemson Light Imaging Facility, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - William C Bridges
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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29
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Sims KC, Schwendinger KL, Szymkowicz DB, Swetenburg JR, Bain LJ. Embryonic arsenic exposure reduces intestinal cell proliferation and alters hepatic IGF mRNA expression in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:142-156. [PMID: 30729860 PMCID: PMC6397093 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1571465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxicant found in food and water throughout the world, and studies suggested that exposure early in life reduces growth. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine mechanisms by which As impacted organismal growth. Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to 0, 10, 50, or 200 ppb As as embryos and, after hatching, were reared in clean water for up to 40 weeks. Metabolism studies revealed that killifish biotransform As such that monomethylated and dimethylated arsenicals account for 15-17% and 45-61%, respectively, of the total metal. Growth, as measured by condition factor (CF), was significantly and dose-dependently reduced at 8 weeks of age but was similar to controls by 40 weeks. To determine mechanisms underlying the observed initial decrease, intestinal proliferation and morphology were examined. Arsenic-exposed fish exhibited significant 1.3- to 1.5-fold reduction in intestinal villus height and 1.4- to 1.6-fold decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA+) intestinal cells at all weeks examined. In addition, there were significant correlations between CF, PCNA+ cells, and intestinal villus height. Upon examining whether fish might compensate for the intestinal changes, it was found that hepatic mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein (IGFBP-1) were dose-dependently increased. These results indicate that embryonic exposure initially diminished growth, and while intestinal cell proliferation remained reduced, fish appear to compensate by enhancing transcript levels of hepatic IGF-1 and IGFBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh C. Sims
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Dana B. Szymkowicz
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Lisa J. Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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30
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James A. Hendrix
- Division of Medical & Scientific RelationsAlzheimer's AssociationChicagoILUSA
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific RelationsAlzheimer's AssociationChicagoILUSA
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31
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Gold M, Amatniek J, Carrillo MC, Cedarbaum JM, Hendrix JA, Miller BB, Robillard JM, Rice JJ, Soares H, Tome MB, Tarnanas I, Vargas G, Bain LJ, Czaja SJ. Digital technologies as biomarkers, clinical outcomes assessment, and recruitment tools in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2018; 4:234-242. [PMID: 29955666 PMCID: PMC6021547 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Digital technology is transforming the development of drugs for Alzheimer's disease and was the topic of the Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable on its May 23–24, 2017 meeting. Research indicates that wearable devices and unobtrusive passive sensors that enable the collection of frequent or continuous, objective, and multidimensional data during daily activities may capture subtle changes in cognition and functional capacity long before the onset of dementia. The potential to exploit these technologies to improve clinical trials as both recruitment and retention tools as well as for potential end points was discussed. The implications for the collection and use of large amounts of data, lessons learned from other related disease areas, ethical concerns raised by these new technologies, and regulatory issues were also covered in the meeting. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of these new technologies for future use were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joan Amatniek
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie M Robillard
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia and Children's and Women's Hospital and Health Centres, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - J Jeremy Rice
- Healthcare and Life Science Research, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Ioannis Tarnanas
- Altoida Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA.,Scripps Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA.,Atlantic Fellow for Equity in Brain Health with the Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI) at UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
| | - Sara J Czaja
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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32
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Szymkowicz DB, Schwendinger KL, Tatnall CM, Swetenburg JR, Bain LJ. Embryonic-only arsenic exposure alters skeletal muscle satellite cell function in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). Aquat Toxicol 2018; 198:276-286. [PMID: 29574248 PMCID: PMC5889967 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant found worldwide in drinking water and food. Epidemiological studies have correlated arsenic exposure with reduced weight gain and improper muscular development, while in vitro studies show that arsenic exposure impairs myogenic differentiation. The purpose of this study was to use Fundulus heteroclitus or killifish as a model organism to determine if embryonic-only arsenic exposure permanently reduces the number or function of muscle satellite cells. Killifish embryos were exposed to 0, 50, 200, or 800 ppb arsenite (AsIII) until hatching, and then juvenile fish were raised in clean water. At 28, 40, and 52 weeks after hatching, skeletal muscle injuries were induced by injecting cardiotoxin into the trunk of the fish just posterior to the dorsal fin. Muscle sections were collected at 0, 3 and 10 days post-injury. Collagen levels were used to assess muscle tissue damage and recovery, while levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and myogenin were quantified to compare proliferating cells and newly formed myoblasts. At 28 weeks of age, baseline collagen levels were 105% and 112% greater in 200 and 800 ppb groups, respectively, and at 52 weeks of age, were 58% higher than controls in the 200 ppb fish. After cardiotoxin injury, collagen levels tend to increase to a greater extent and take longer to resolve in the arsenic exposed fish. The number of baseline PCNA(+) cells were 48-216% greater in 800 ppb exposed fish compared to controls, depending on the week examined. However, following cardiotoxin injury, PCNA is reduced at 28 weeks in 200 and 800 ppb fish at day 3 during the recovery period. By 52 weeks, there are significant reductions in PCNA in all exposure groups at day 3 of the recovery period. Based on these results, embryonic arsenic exposure increases baseline collagen levels and PCNA(+) cells in skeletal muscle. However, when these fish are challenged with a muscle injury, the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells into myogenic precursors is impaired and instead, the fish appear to be favoring a fibrotic resolution to the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Szymkowicz
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Katey L Schwendinger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Caroline M Tatnall
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - John R Swetenburg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
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Abstract
Chronic arsenic exposure can result in adverse development effects including decreased intellectual function, reduced birth weight, and altered locomotor activity. Previous in vitro studies have shown that arsenic inhibits stem cell differentiation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate multiple cellular processes including embryonic development and cell differentiation. The purpose of this study was to examine whether altered miRNA expression was a mechanism by which arsenic inhibited cellular differentiation. The pluripotent P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells were exposed to 0 or 0.5 μM sodium arsenite for 9 days during cell differentiation, and changes in miRNA expression was analyzed using microarrays. We found that the expression of several miRNAs important in cellular differentiation, such as miR-9 and miR-199 were decreased by 1.9- and 1.6-fold, respectively, following arsenic exposure, while miR-92a, miR-291a, and miR-709 were increased by 3-, 3.7-, and 1.6-fold, respectively. The members of the miR-466-669 cluster and its host gene, Scm-like with 4 Mbt domains 2 (Sfmbt2), were significantly induced by arsenic from 1.5- to 4-fold in a time-dependent manner. Multiple miRNA target prediction programs revealed that several neurogenic transcription factors appear to be targets of the cluster. When consensus anti-miRNAs targeting the miR-466-669 cluster were transfected into P19 cells, arsenic-exposed cells were able to more effectively differentiate. The consensus anti-miRNAs appeared to rescue the inhibitory effects of arsenic on cell differentiation due to an increased expression of NeuroD1. Taken together, we conclude that arsenic induces the miR-466-669 cluster, and that this induction acts to inhibit cellular differentiation in part due to a repression of NeuroD1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634
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Weintraub S, Carrillo MC, Farias ST, Goldberg TE, Hendrix JA, Jaeger J, Knopman DS, Langbaum JB, Park DC, Ropacki MT, Sikkes SAM, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Bain LJ, Brashear R, Budur K, Graf A, Martenyi F, Storck MS, Randolph C. Measuring cognition and function in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2018; 4:64-75. [PMID: 29955653 PMCID: PMC6021264 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable met in November 2016 to explore how best to measure changes in cognition and function in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease. This review will cover the tools and instruments currently available to identify populations for prevention trials, and measure subtle disease progression in the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease, and will include discussions of suitable cognitive, behavioral, functional, composite, and biological endpoints for prevention trials. Current prevention trials are reviewed including TOMMOROW, Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease Trial, the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Generation Study, and the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic Alzheimer's to compare current approaches and tools that are being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Judith Jaeger
- Cognition Metrics, LLC, Wilmington, DE, USA.,Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sietske A M Sikkes
- Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
| | - Robert Brashear
- Janssen Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Ana Graf
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Christopher Randolph
- MedAvante-Prophase, Hamilton, NJ, USA.,Department of Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
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35
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Lanctôt KL, Amatniek J, Ancoli-Israel S, Arnold SE, Ballard C, Cohen-Mansfield J, Ismail Z, Lyketsos C, Miller DS, Musiek E, Osorio RS, Rosenberg PB, Satlin A, Steffens D, Tariot P, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC, Hendrix JA, Jurgens H, Boot B. Neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: New treatment paradigms. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2017; 3:440-449. [PMID: 29067350 PMCID: PMC5651439 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), causing substantial distress for both people with dementia and their caregivers, and contributing to early institutionalization. They are among the earliest signs and symptoms of neurocognitive disorders and incipient cognitive decline, yet are under-recognized and often challenging to treat. With this in mind, the Alzheimer's Association convened a Research Roundtable in May 2016, bringing together experts from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to discuss the latest understanding of NPSs and review the development of therapeutics and biomarkers of NPSs in AD. This review will explore the neurobiology of NPSs in AD and specific symptoms common in AD such as psychosis, agitation, apathy, depression, and sleep disturbances. In addition, clinical trial designs for NPSs in AD and regulatory considerations will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista L. Lanctôt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joan Amatniek
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Sonia Ancoli-Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven E. Arnold
- Interdisciplinary Brain Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Clive Ballard
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jiska Cohen-Mansfield
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Minerva Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of End of Life, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Constantine Lyketsos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Erik Musiek
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, and Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ricardo S. Osorio
- Center for Brain Health, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul B. Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - David Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Brendon Boot
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Voyager Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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36
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Margiotta AL, Bain LJ, Rice CD. Expression of the Major Vault Protein (MVP) and Cellular Vault Particles in Fish. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1981-1992. [PMID: 28710803 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular vaults are ubiquitous 13 mega Da multi-subunit ribonuceloprotein particles that may have a role in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Seventy percent of the vault's mass consists of a ≈100 kDa protein, the major vault protein (MVP). In humans, a drug resistance-associated protein, originally identified as lung resistance protein in metastatic lung cancer, was ultimately shown to be the previously described MVP. In this study, a partial MVP sequence was cloned from channel catfish. Recombinant MVP (rMVP) was used to generate a monoclonal antibody that recognizes full length protein in distantly related fish species, as well as mice. MVP is expressed in fish spleen, liver, anterior kidney, renal kidney, and gills, with a consistent expression in epithelial cells, macrophages, or endothelium at the interface of the tissue and environment or vasculature. We show that vaults are distributed throughout cells of fish lymphoid cells, with nuclear and plasma membrane aggregations in some cells. Protein expression studies were extended to liver neoplastic lesions in Atlantic killifish collected in situ at the Atlantic Wood USA-EPA superfund site on the southern branch of the Elizabeth River, VA. MVP is highly expressed in these lesions, with intense staining at the nuclear membrane, similar to what is known about MVP expression in human liver neoplasia. Additionally, MVP mRNA expression was quantified in channel catfish ovarian cell line following treatment with different classes of pharmacological agents. Notably, mRNA expression is induced by ethidium bromide, which damages DNA. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1981-1992, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa L Margiotta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634.,Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Charles D Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634.,Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
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37
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Szymkowicz DB, Sims KC, Castro NM, Bridges WC, Bain LJ. Embryonic-only arsenic exposure in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) reduces growth and alters muscle IGF levels one year later. Aquat Toxicol 2017; 186:1-10. [PMID: 28237603 PMCID: PMC5395342 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant of drinking water and crops in many parts of the world. Epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic exposure is linked to decreased birth weight, weight gain, and proper skeletal muscle function. The goal of this study was to use killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) as a model to determine the long-term effects of embryonic-only arsenic exposure on muscle growth and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway. Killifish embryos were exposed to 0, 50, 200 or 800ppb AsIII from fertilization until hatching. Juvenile fish were reared in clean water and muscle samples were collected at 16, 28, 40 and 52 weeks of age. There were significant reductions in condition factors, ranging from 12 to 17%, in the fish exposed to arsenic at 16, 28 and 40 weeks of age. However, by 52 weeks, no significant changes in condition factors were seen. Alterations in IGF-1R and IGF-1 levels were assessed as a potential mechanism by which growth was reduced. While there no changes in hepatic IGF-1 transcripts, skeletal muscle cells can also produce their own IGF-1 and/or alter IGF-1 receptor levels to help enhance growth. After a 200 and 800ppb embryonic exposure, fish grown in clean water for 16 weeks had IGF-1R transcripts that were 2.8-fold and 2-fold greater, respectively, than unexposed fish. Through 40 weeks of age, IGF1-R remained elevated in the 200ppb and 800ppb embryonic exposure groups by 1.8-3.9-fold, while at 52 weeks of age, IGF-1R levels were still significantly increased in the 800ppb exposure group. Skeletal muscle IGF-1 transcripts were also significantly increased by 1.9-5.1 fold through the 52 weeks of grow-out in clean by water in the 800ppb embryonic exposure group. Based on these results, embryonic arsenic exposure has long-term effects in that it reduces growth and increases both IGF-1 and IGF-1R levels in skeletal muscle even 1year after the exposure has ended.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arsenic/toxicity
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Embryonic Development/drug effects
- Environmental Exposure/analysis
- Female
- Fundulidae/embryology
- Fundulidae/genetics
- Fundulidae/growth & development
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/genetics
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, IGF Type 1/metabolism
- Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana B Szymkowicz
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Kaleigh C Sims
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Noemi M Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - William C Bridges
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States.
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Hesterlee S, Amur S, Bain LJ, Carulli J, Clarke S, Day JW, Gagnon C, Hagerman K, Heatwole C, Johnson NE, Moxley R, Patel N, Thornton C, Kessel W, White M. Patient-Centered Therapy Development for Myotonic Dystrophy: Report of the Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation-Sponsored Workshop. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2017; 51:516-522. [PMID: 30227044 DOI: 10.1177/2168479016683988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an autosomal dominant, repeat expansion, progressive disorder with no drug therapies. Consequently, to better define a regulatory pathway in anticipation of new treatment strategies under investigation, the Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation convened a workshop entitled "Patient-Centered Therapy Development for Myotonic Dystrophy" in September 2015. Participants included representatives from academia, industry, the patient community, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Presenters described the symptom burden of the disease, and existing data on DM biomarkers, endpoints, natural history, and benefit-risk considerations. FDA participants helped clarify the regulatory requirements for new drug treatment approvals and DM-specific issues such as variability, slow progression, and low prevalence. Workshop attendees gained a better understanding of DM and the current status of existing data and tools to support therapeutic drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shashi Amur
- 2 Office of Translational Sciences, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - John Carulli
- 4 Precision Medicine, Biogen, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - John W Day
- 6 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Gagnon
- 7 School of Rehabilitation, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Katharine Hagerman
- 6 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Chad Heatwole
- 8 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas E Johnson
- 9 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Richard Moxley
- 8 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nikunj Patel
- 10 Office of New Drugs, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Charles Thornton
- 8 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Woodie Kessel
- 1 Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Molly White
- 1 Myotonic Dystrophy Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
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39
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Rabinovici GD, Carrillo MC, Forman M, DeSanti S, Miller DS, Kozauer N, Petersen RC, Randolph C, Knopman DS, Smith EE, Isaac M, Mattsson N, Bain LJ, Hendrix JA, Sims JR. Multiple comorbid neuropathologies in the setting of Alzheimer's disease neuropathology and implications for drug development. Alzheimers Dement (N Y) 2016; 3:83-91. [PMID: 29067320 PMCID: PMC5651346 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Dementia is often characterized as being caused by one of several major diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), cerebrovascular disease, Lewy body disease, or a frontotemporal degeneration. Failure to acknowledge that more than one entity may be present precludes attempts to understand interactive relationships. The clinicopathological studies of dementia demonstrate that multiple pathologic processes often coexist. How overlapping pathologic findings affect the diagnosis and treatment of clinical AD and other dementia phenotypes was the topic taken up by the Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable in October 2014. This review will cover the neuropathologic basis of dementia, provide clinical perspectives on multiple pathologies, and discuss therapeutics and biomarkers targeting overlapping pathologies and how these issues impact clinical trials.High prevalence of multiple pathologic findings among individuals with clinical diagnosis of AD suggests that new treatment strategies may be needed to effectively treat AD and other dementing illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory & Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Randolph
- MedAvante, Hamilton, NJ, USA.,Department of Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eric E Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
| | - James A Hendrix
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago IL, USA
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40
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Lanctôt KL, Boot BP, Bain LJ, Hendrix JA, Carrillo MC. Considering new treatment paradigms for neuropsychiatric symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1031-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krista L. Lanctôt
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute University of Toronto Canada
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology University of Toronto Canada
| | - Brendon P. Boot
- Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School Cambridge MA USA
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA
- Voyager Therapeutics Cambridge MA USA
| | | | - James A. Hendrix
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations Alzheimer's Association Chicago IL USA
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Division of Medical & Scientific Relations Alzheimer's Association Chicago IL USA
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41
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Wojdylo JV, Vogelbein W, Bain LJ, Rice CD. AHR-related activities in a creosote-adapted population of adult atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, two decades post-EPA superfund status at the Atlantic Wood Site, Portsmouth, VA USA. Aquat Toxicol 2016; 177:74-85. [PMID: 27262937 PMCID: PMC4967385 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, are adapted to creosote-based PAHs at the US EPA Superfund site known as Atlantic Wood (AW) on the southern branch of the Elizabeth River, VA USA. Subsequent to the discovery of the AW population in the early 1990s, these fish were shown to be recalcitrant to CYP1A induction by PAHs under experimental conditions, and even to the time of this study, killifish embryos collected from the AW site are resistant to developmental deformities typically associated with exposure to PAHs in reference fish. Historically, however, 90 +% of the adult killifish at this site have proliferative hepatic lesions including cancer of varying severity. Several PAHs at this site are known to be ligands for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In this study, AHR-related activities in AW fish collected between 2011 and 2013 were re-examined nearly 2 decades after first discovery. This study shows that CYP1A mRNA expression is three-fold higher in intestines of AW killifish compared to a reference population. Using immunohistochemistry, CYP1A staining in intestines was uniformly positive compared to negative staining in reference fish. Livers of AW killifish were examined by IHC to show that CYP1A and AHR2 protein expression reflect lesions-specific patterns, probably representing differences in intrinsic cellular physiology of the spectrum of proliferative lesions comprising the hepatocarcinogenic process. We also found that COX2 mRNA expression levels were higher in AW fish livers compared to those in the reference population, suggesting a state of chronic inflammation. Overall, these findings suggest that adult AW fish are responsive to AHR signaling, and do express CYP1A and AHR2 proteins in intestines at a level above what was observed in the reference population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine V Wojdylo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | | | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Charles D Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
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Stephenson D, Hu MT, Romero K, Breen K, Burn D, Ben-Shlomo Y, Bhattaram A, Isaac M, Venuto C, Kubota K, Little MA, Friend S, Lovestone S, Morris HR, Grosset D, Sutherland M, Gallacher J, Williams-Gray C, Bain LJ, Avilés E, Marek K, Toga AW, Stark Y, Forrest Gordon M, Ford S. Precompetitive Data Sharing as a Catalyst to Address Unmet Needs in Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2016; 5:581-94. [PMID: 26406139 PMCID: PMC4887129 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a complex heterogeneous disorder with urgent need for disease-modifying therapies. Progress in successful therapeutic approaches for PD will require an unprecedented level of collaboration. At a workshop hosted by Parkinson’s UK and co-organized by Critical Path Institute’s (C-Path) Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD) Consortiums, investigators from industry, academia, government and regulatory agencies agreed on the need for sharing of data to enable future success. Government agencies included EMA, FDA, NINDS/NIH and IMI (Innovative Medicines Initiative). Emerging discoveries in new biomarkers and genetic endophenotypes are contributing to our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of PD. In parallel there is growing recognition that early intervention will be key for successful treatments aimed at disease modification. At present, there is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of disease progression and the many factors that contribute to disease progression heterogeneity. Novel therapeutic targets and trial designs that incorporate existing and new biomarkers to evaluate drug effects independently and in combination are required. The integration of robust clinical data sets is viewed as a powerful approach to hasten medical discovery and therapies, as is being realized across diverse disease conditions employing big data analytics for healthcare. The application of lessons learned from parallel efforts is critical to identify barriers and enable a viable path forward. A roadmap is presented for a regulatory, academic, industry and advocacy driven integrated initiative that aims to facilitate and streamline new drug trials and registrations in Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Neurology Department, Level 3, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - David Burn
- Henry Wellcome Building, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Atul Bhattaram
- US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Maria Isaac
- EMA, 30 Churchill Place, Canary Wharf, London, UK
| | - Charles Venuto
- U of Rochester Medical Center, Crittenden Blvd, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ken Kubota
- Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, Seventh Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Max A Little
- Aston University and MIT, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK Department of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology, London, UK
| | - Donald Grosset
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Margaret Sutherland
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Neuroscience Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford Hospital, Warneford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Williams-Gray
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, E.D. Adrian Building, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Scientific & Medical Writer, Savits Drive, Elverson, PA, USA
| | | | - Ken Marek
- Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative, Suite 8B, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Arthur W Toga
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Yafit Stark
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Petach Tikva, Israel
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43
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Holtzman DM, Carrillo MC, Hendrix JA, Bain LJ, Catafau AM, Gault LM, Goedert M, Mandelkow E, Mandelkow E, Miller DS, Ostrowitzki S, Polydoro M, Smith S, Wittmann M, Hutton M. Tau: From research to clinical development. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:1033-1039. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David M. Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Washington University St. Louis MO USA
| | - Maria C. Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations Alzheimer's Association Chicago IL USA
| | - James A. Hendrix
- Medical & Scientific Relations Alzheimer's Association Chicago IL USA
| | | | | | | | - Michel Goedert
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - Eckhard Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) CAESAR Research Center Bonn Germany
| | - Eva‐Maria Mandelkow
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) CAESAR Research Center Bonn Germany
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44
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Hendrix JA, Bateman RJ, Brashear HR, Duggan C, Carrillo MC, Bain LJ, DeMattos R, Katz RG, Ostrowitzki S, Siemers E, Sperling R, Vitolo OV. Challenges, solutions, and recommendations for Alzheimer's disease combination therapy. Alzheimers Dement 2016; 12:623-30. [PMID: 27017906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Given the complex neuropathology Alzheimer's disease (AD), combination therapy may be necessary for effective treatment. However, scientific, pragmatic, regulatory, and business challenges need to be addressed before combination therapy for AD can become a reality. Leaders from academia and industry, along with a former member of the Food and Drug Administration and the Alzheimer's Association, have explored these challenges and here propose a strategy to facilitate proof-of-concept combination therapy trials in the near future. First, a more integrated understanding of the complex pathophysiology and progression of AD is needed to identify the appropriate pathways and the disease stage to target. Once drug candidates are identified, novel clinical trial designs and selection of appropriate outcome assessments will be needed to enable definition and evaluation of the appropriate dose and dosing regimen and determination of efficacy. Success in addressing this urgent problem will only be achieved through collaboration among multiple stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hendrix
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Cynthia Duggan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Reisa Sperling
- Memory Disorders Unit, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
data indicates that arsenic exposure inhibits stem cell differentiation. This study investigated whether arsenic disrupted the Wnt3a signaling pathway, critical in the formation of myotubes and neurons, during the differentiation in P19 mouse embryonic stem cells. Cells were exposed to 0, 0.1, or 0.5 μM arsenite, with or without exogenous Wnt3a, for up to 9 days of differentiation. Arsenic exposure alone inhibits the differentiation of stem cells into neurons and skeletal myotubes, and reduces the expression of both β-catenin and GSK3β mRNA to ~55% of control levels. Co-culture of the arsenic-exposed cells with exogenous Wnt3a rescues the morphological phenotype, but does not alter transcript, protein, or phosphorylation status of GSK3β or β-catenin. However, arsenic exposure maintains high levels of Hes5 and decreases the expression of MASH1 by 2.2-fold, which are anti- and pro-myogenic and neurogenic genes, respectively, in the Notch signaling pathway. While rescue with exogenous Wnt3a reduced Hes5 levels, MASH1 levels stay repressed. Thus, while Wnt3a can partially rescue the inhibition of differentiation from arsenic, it does so by also modulating Notch target genes rather than only working through the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. These results indicate that arsenic alters the interplay between multiple signaling pathways, leading to reduced stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa J Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 23964, USA
| | - Jui-Tung Liu
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Ryan E League
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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46
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Perry D, Sperling R, Katz R, Berry D, Dilts D, Hanna D, Salloway S, Trojanowski JQ, Bountra C, Krams M, Luthman J, Potkin S, Gribkoff V, Temple R, Wang Y, Carrillo MC, Stephenson D, Snyder H, Liu E, Ware T, McKew J, Fields FO, Bain LJ, Bens C. Building a roadmap for developing combination therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 15:327-33. [PMID: 25708309 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2015.996551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy has proven to be an effective strategy for treating many of the world's most intractable diseases. A growing number of investigators in academia, industry, regulatory agencies, foundations and advocacy organizations are interested in pursuing a combination approach to treating Alzheimer's disease. A meeting co-hosted by the Accelerate Cure/Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease Coalition, the Critical Path Institute and the Alzheimer's Association addressed challenges in designing clinical trials to test multiple treatments in combination and outlined a roadmap for making such trials a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perry
- Alliance for Aging Research, Washington, DC, USA
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47
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Mitnick CD, Rusen ID, Bain LJ, Horsburgh CR. Issues in design and interpretation of MDR-TB clinical trials: report of the first Global MDR-TB Clinical Trials Landscape Meeting. BMC Proc 2015. [PMCID: PMC4652574 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-9-s8-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognizing that the current MDR-TB regimen is suboptimal and based on low-quality evidence, the Global MDR-TB Clinical Trials Landscape Meeting was held in December, 2014 to strategize about coordination of research and development of new treatment regimens for this disease that affects millions of people worldwide every year. Sixty international experts on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) met in Washington D.C. and Cape Town, South Africa to consider key MDR-TB trial-related issues, including: standardization of definitions; clinical trial capacity building and; regimens optimized to foster compliance, avoid the emergence of resistance and have clinical relevance for special populations, including children and those co-infected with HIV. Underpinning all of this is the generation of a sufficient evidence base to facilitate regulatory approval and improved normative guidance. Participants discussed treatment combinations currently being studied in Phase 2B and Phase 3 trials as well as other promising new regimens and combinations that may be evaluated in the near future. These include regimens designed specifically to enable shorter duration and all-oral treatment as a means of maximizing treatment completion. It is hoped that clear definition of these challenges will facilitate the process of identifying solutions that accelerate progress towards effective, non-toxic treatments that can be programmatically implemented.
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48
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Mattsson N, Carrillo MC, Dean RA, Devous MD, Nikolcheva T, Pesini P, Salter H, Potter WZ, Sperling RS, Bateman RJ, Bain LJ, Liu E. Revolutionizing Alzheimer's disease and clinical trials through biomarkers. Alzheimers Dement (Amst) 2015; 1:412-9. [PMID: 27239522 PMCID: PMC4879481 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Alzheimer's Association's Research Roundtable met in May 2014 to explore recent progress in developing biomarkers to improve understanding of disease pathogenesis and expedite drug development. Although existing biomarkers have proved extremely useful for enrichment of subjects in clinical trials, there is a clear need to develop novel biomarkers that are minimally invasive and that more broadly characterize underlying pathogenic mechanisms, including neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. These may include blood-based assays and new neuropsychological testing protocols, as well as novel ligands for positron emission tomography imaging, and advanced magnetic resonance imaging methodologies. In addition, there is a need for biomarkers that can serve as theragnostic markers of response to treatment. Standardization remains a challenge, although international consortia have made substantial progress in this area and provide lessons for future standardization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Mattsson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Sweden
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +46-(0)-40-33-50-36; Fax: +46-(0)-40-33-56-57.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugh Salter
- AztraZeneca, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Enchi Liu
- Janssen Research and Development, LLC., San Diego, CA, USA
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49
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Snyder HM, Hendrix J, Bain LJ, Carrillo MC. Alzheimer's disease research in the context of the national plan to address Alzheimer's disease. Mol Aspects Med 2015; 43-44:16-24. [PMID: 26096321 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, the first National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease in the United States (U.S.) was released, a component of the National Alzheimer's Project Act legislation. Since that time, there have been incremental increases in U.S. federal funding for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research, particularly in the areas of biomarker discovery, genetic link and related biological underpinnings, and prevention studies for Alzheimer's. A central theme in each of these areas has been the emphasis of cross-sector collaboration and private-public partnerships between government, non-profit organizations and for-profit organizations. This paper will highlight multiple private-public partnerships supporting the advancement of Alzheimer's research in the context of the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Snyder
- Alzheimer's Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - James Hendrix
- Alzheimer's Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria C Carrillo
- Alzheimer's Association, Medical & Scientific Relations, Chicago, IL, USA
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50
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McCoy CR, Stadelman BS, Brumaghim JL, Liu JT, Bain LJ. Arsenic and Its Methylated Metabolites Inhibit the Differentiation of Neural Plate Border Specifier Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1409-21. [PMID: 26024302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in food and drinking water has been correlated with adverse developmental outcomes, such as reductions in birth weight and neurological deficits. Additionally, studies have shown that arsenic suppresses sensory neuron formation and skeletal muscle myogenesis, although the reason why arsenic targets both of these cell types in unclear. Thus, P19 mouse embryonic stem cells were used to investigate the mechanisms by which arsenic could inhibit cellular differentiation. P19 cells were exposed to 0, 0.1, or 0.5 μM sodium arsenite and induced to form embryoid bodies over a period of 5 days. The expression of transcription factors necessary to form neural plate border specifier (NPBS) cells, neural crest cells and their progenitors, and myocytes and their progenitors were examined. Early during differentiation, arsenic significantly reduced the transcript and protein expression of Msx1 and Pax3, both needed for NPBS cell formation. Arsenic also significantly reduced the protein expression of Sox 10, needed for neural crest progenitor cell production, by 31-50%, and downregulated the protein and mRNA levels of NeuroD1, needed for neural crest cell differentiation, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. While the overall protein expression of transcription factors in the skeletal muscle lineage was not changed, arsenic did alter their nuclear localization. MyoD nuclear translocation was significantly reduced on days 2-5 between 15 and 70%. At a 10-fold lower concentration, monomethylarsonous acid (MMA III) appeared to be just as potent as inorganic arsenic at reducing the mRNA levels Pax3 (79% vs84%), Sox10 (49% vs 65%), and Msx1 (56% vs 56%). Dimethylarsinous acid (DMA III) also reduced protein and transcript expression, but the changes were less dramatic than those with MMA or arsenite. All three arsenic species reduced the nuclear localization of MyoD and NeuroD1 in a similar manner. The early changes in the differentiation of neural plate border specifier cells may provide a mechanism for arsenic to suppress both neurogenesis and myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R McCoy
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Bradley S Stadelman
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Julia L Brumaghim
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Jui-Tung Liu
- §Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Lisa J Bain
- †Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States.,§Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, 132 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
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