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Tong X, Zhang X, Fensholt R, Jensen PRD, Li S, Larsen MN, Reiner F, Tian F, Brandt M. Global area boom for greenhouse cultivation revealed by satellite mapping. Nat Food 2024:10.1038/s43016-024-00985-0. [PMID: 38741004 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-024-00985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse cultivation has been expanding rapidly in recent years, yet little knowledge exists on its global extent and expansion. Using commercial and freely available satellite data combined with artificial intelligence techniques, we present a global assessment of greenhouse cultivation coverage and map 1.3 million hectares of greenhouse infrastructures in 2019, a much larger extent than previously estimated. Our analysis includes both large (61%) and small-scale (39%) greenhouse infrastructures. Examining the temporal development of the 65 largest clusters (>1,500 ha), we show a recent upsurge in greenhouse cultivation in the Global South since the 2000s, including a dramatic increase in China, accounting for 60% of the global coverage. We emphasize the potential of greenhouse infrastructures to enhance food security but raise awareness of the uncertain environmental and social implications that may arise from this expansion. We further highlight the gap in spatio-temporal datasets for supporting future research agendas on this critical topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Sizhuo Li
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marianne Nylandsted Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Quantitative Remote Sensing of Land and Atmosphere, School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Göbel S, Braun AS, Hahad O, von Henning U, Brandt M, Keller K, Gaida MM, Gori T, Schultheiss HP, Escher F, Münzel T, Wenzel P. Etiologies and predictors of mortality in an all-comer population of patients with non-ischemic heart failure. Clin Res Cardiol 2024; 113:737-749. [PMID: 38224373 PMCID: PMC11026225 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-023-02354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite progress in diagnosis and therapy of heart failure (HF), etiology and risk stratification remain elusive in many patients. METHODS The My Biopsy HF Study (German clinical trials register number: DRKS22178) is a retrospective monocentric study investigating an all-comer population of patients with unexplained HF based on a thorough workup including endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). RESULTS 655 patients (70.9% men, median age 55 [45/66] years) with non-ischemic, non-valvular HF were included in the analyses. 489 patients were diagnosed with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 52 patients with HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and 114 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). After a median follow-up of 4.6 (2.5/6.6) years, 94 deaths were enumerated (HFrEF: 68; HFmrEF: 8; HFpEF: 18), equating to mortality rates of 3.3% and 11.6% for patients with HFrEF, 7.7% and 15.4% for patients with HFmrEF and 5.3% and 11.4% for patients with HFpEF after 1 and 5 years, respectively. In EMB, we detected a variety of putative etiologies of HF, including incidental cardiac amyloidosis (CA, 5.8%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities only CA, age and NYHA functional class III + IV remained independently associated with all-cause mortality (CA: HRperui 3.13, 95% CI 1.5-6.51; p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In an all-comer population of patients presenting with HF of unknown etiology, incidental finding of CA stands out to be independently associated with all-cause mortality. Our findings suggest that prospective trials would be helpful to test the added value of a systematic and holistic work-up of HF of unknown etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Göbel
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - A S Braun
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - O Hahad
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - U von Henning
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Brandt
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - K Keller
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
| | - M M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Mainz, Germany
- TRON, Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Gori
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - H P Schultheiss
- Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
| | - F Escher
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Münzel
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- Cardiology I - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz), Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, Mainz, Germany.
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center Mainz (Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz), Mainz, Germany.
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Lu T, Zhang W, Abel C, Horion S, Brandt M, Huang K, Fensholt R. Changes in vegetation-water response in the Sahel-Sudan during recent decades. J Hydrol Reg Stud 2024; 52:101672. [PMID: 38577223 PMCID: PMC10993624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Study region The Africa Sahel-Sudan region, defined by annual rainfall between 150 and 1200 mm. Study focus Understanding the mechanism of vegetation response to water availability could help mitigate the potential adverse effects of climate change on global dryland ecosystems. In the Sahel-Sudan region, spatio-temporal changes and drivers of the vegetation-water response remain unclear. This study employs long-term satellite water and vegetation products as proxies of water availability and vegetation productivity to analyze changes in vegetation-water sensitivity and the cumulative effect duration (CED) representing a measure of the legacy effect of the impact of water constraints on vegetation. A random forest model was subsequently used to analyze potential climatic drivers of the observed vegetation response. New hydrological insights for the region During 1982-2016 we found a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the sensitivity of vegetation productivity to water constraints in 26% of the Sahel-Sudan region, while 9% of the area showed a significantly increased sensitivity, mainly in the sub-humid zone. We further showed that CED significantly increased and decreased, respectively in around 9% of the study area in both cases. Our climatic driver attribution analysis suggested the existence of varying underlying mechanisms governing vegetation productivity in response to water deficit across the Sahel-Sudan dryland ecosystems. Our findings emphasize the need for diverse strategies in sustainable ecosystem management to effectively address these varying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Lu
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christin Abel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stéphanie Horion
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Happl B, Balber T, Heffeter P, Denk C, Welch JM, Köster U, Alliot C, Bonraisin AC, Brandt M, Haddad F, Sterba JH, Kandioller W, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Keppler BK, Mindt TL. Synthesis and preclinical evaluation of BOLD-100 radiolabeled with ruthenium-97 and ruthenium-103. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6031-6040. [PMID: 38470348 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BOLD-100 (formerly IT-139, KP1339), a well-established chemotherapeutic agent, is currently being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, and bile duct cancer. Despite numerous studies, the exact mode of action is still the subject of discussions. Radiolabeled BOLD-100 could be a powerful tool to clarify pharmacokinetic pathways of the compound and to predict therapy responses in patients using nuclear molecular imaging prior to the therapy. In this study, the radiosyntheses of carrier-added (c.a.) [97/103Ru]BOLD-100 were performed with the two ruthenium isotopes ruthenium-103 (103Ru; β-, γ) and ruthenium-97 (97Ru; EC, γ), of which in particular the latter isotope is suitable for imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). To identify the best tumor-to-background ratio for diagnostic imaging, biodistribution studies were performed with two different injected doses of c.a. [103Ru]BOLD-100 (3 and 30 mg kg-1) in Balb/c mice bearing CT26 allografts over a time period of 72 h. Additionally, ex vivo autoradiography of the tumors (24 h p.i.) was conducted. Our results indicate that the higher injected dose (30 mg kg-1) leads to more unspecific accumulation of the compound in non-targeted tissue, which is likely due to an overload of the albumin transport system. It was also shown that lower amounts of injected c.a. [103Ru]BOLD-100 resulted in a relatively higher tumor uptake and, therefore, a better tumor-to-background ratio, which are encouraging results for future imaging studies using c.a. [97Ru]BOLD-100.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Happl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 and Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T Balber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8A, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - C Denk
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität (TU) Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Labelling and Isotope Production, TRIGA Center Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - J M Welch
- Center for Labelling and Isotope Production, TRIGA Center Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Köster
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - C Alliot
- GIP ARRONAX, 1 rue Aronnax, CS10112, 44817, Saint-Herblain Cedex, France
- CRCI2NA, Inserm/CNRS/Nantes Université, 8 quai Moncousu, 44007, Nantes Cedex 1, France
| | - A-C Bonraisin
- GIP ARRONAX, 1 rue Aronnax, CS10112, 44817, Saint-Herblain Cedex, France
| | - M Brandt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Haddad
- GIP ARRONAX, 1 rue Aronnax, CS10112, 44817, Saint-Herblain Cedex, France
- Laboratoire Subatech, UMR 6457, IMT Nantes Atlantique/CNRS-IN2P3/Nantes Université, 4 Rue A. Kastler, BP 20722, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - J H Sterba
- Center for Labelling and Isotope Production, TRIGA Center Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - W Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 and Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Mitterhauser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 and Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - B K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 and Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research cluster "Translational Cancer Therapy Research", Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - T L Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2 and Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Herzog T, Brandt M, Trinchi A, Sola A, Hagenlocher C, Molotnikov A. Defect detection by multi-axis infrared process monitoring of laser beam directed energy deposition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3861. [PMID: 38360826 PMCID: PMC10869730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53931-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Laser beam directed energy deposition (DED-LB) is an attractive additive manufacturing technique to produce versatile and complex 3D structures on demand, apply a cladding, or repair local defects. However, the quality of manufactured parts is difficult to assess by inspection prior to completion, and parts must be extensively inspected post-production to ensure conformance. Consequently, critical defects occurring during the build go undetected. In this work, a new monitoring system combining three infrared cameras along different optical axes capable of monitoring melt pool geometry and vertical displacement throughout deposition is reported. By combining multiple sensor data, an automated algorithm is developed which is capable of identifying the formation of structural features and defects. An intersecting, thin-walled geometry is used to demonstrate the capability of the system to detect process-induced porosity in samples with narrow intersection angles, which is validated using micro-CT observations. The recorded results indicate the root cause of this process-induced porosity at the intersection, and it is shown that advanced toolpath planning can eliminate such defects. The presented methodology demonstrates the value of multi-axis monitoring for identifying both defects and structural features, providing an advancement towards automated detection and alert systems in DED-LB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Herzog
- School of Engineering, Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia.
| | - M Brandt
- School of Engineering, Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - A Trinchi
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - A Sola
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - C Hagenlocher
- School of Engineering, Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - A Molotnikov
- School of Engineering, Centre for Additive Manufacturing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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Haußmann R, Homeyer P, Haußmann M, Sauer C, Linn J, Donix M, Brandt M, Puetz V. [Analysis of the prevalence of anticoagulant therapy in patients with cognitive disorders and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA)]. Nervenarzt 2024; 95:146-151. [PMID: 37747503 PMCID: PMC10850242 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of coincident anticoagulation in patients with cognitive disorders and possible or probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) as well as the relationship between the presence of oral anticoagulation and CAA-specific lesion load. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI/naMCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), mixed dementia (MD) and vascular dementia (VD) who presented to our outpatient dementia clinic between February 2016 and October 2020 were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI data sets were analyzed regarding the presence of CAA-related MRI biomarkers to determine CAA prevalence. Presence of anticoagulant therapy was determined by chart review. RESULTS Within the study period, 458 patients (209 male, 249 female, mean age 73.2 ± 9.9 years) with SCD (n = 44), naMCI (n = 40), aMCI (n = 182), AD (n = 120), MD (n = 68) and VD (n = 4) were analyzed. A total of 109 patients (23.8%) were diagnosed with possible or probable CAA. CAA prevalence was highest in aMCI (39.4%) and MD (28.4%). Of patients with possible or probable CAA, 30.3% were under platelet aggregation inhibition, 12.8% were treated with novel oral anticoagulants and 3.7% received phenprocoumon treatment. Regarding the whole study cohort, patients under oral anticoagulation showed more cerebral microbleeds (p = 0.047). There was no relationship between oral anticoagulation therapy and the frequency of cortical superficial siderosis (p = 0.634). CONCLUSION CAA is a frequent phenomenon in older patients with cognitive disorders. Almost half of CAA patients receive anticoagulant therapy. Oral anticoagulation is associated with a higher number of cortical and subcortical microbleeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haußmann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
- Universitäts DemenzCentrum (UDC), Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Uniklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Uniklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - P Homeyer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Haußmann
- Dialysepraxis Leipzig, MVZ, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - C Sauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - J Linn
- Institut und Poliklinik für diagnostische und interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
- Dresdner Neurovaskuläres Centrum (DNVC), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Donix
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Dresden, Deutschland
- Universitäts DemenzCentrum (UDC), Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Uniklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - M Brandt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
- DZNE, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Dresden, Deutschland
- Universitäts DemenzCentrum (UDC), Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Uniklinikum Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
| | - V Puetz
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
- Dresdner Neurovaskuläres Centrum (DNVC), Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland
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den Braber B, Hall C, Brandt M, Reiner F, Mugabowindekwe M, Rasmussen LV. Even low levels of tree cover improve dietary quality in West Africa. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae067. [PMID: 38404357 PMCID: PMC10890828 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Forests are attracting attention as a promising avenue to provide nutritious and "free" food without damaging the environment. Yet, we lack knowledge on the extent to which this holds in areas with sparse tree cover, such as in West Africa. This is largely due to the fact that existing methods are poorly designed to quantify tree cover in drylands. In this study, we estimate how various levels of tree cover across West Africa affect children's (aged 12-59 months) consumption of vitamin A-rich foods. We do so by combining detailed tree cover estimates based on PlanetScope imagery (3 m resolution) with Demographic Health Survey data from >15,000 households. We find that the probability of consuming vitamin A-rich foods increases from 0.45 to 0.53 with an increase in tree cover from the median value of 8.8 to 16.8% (which is the tree cover level at which the predicted probability of consuming vitamin A-rich foods is the highest). Moreover, we observe that the effects of tree cover vary across poverty levels and ecoregions. The poor are more likely than the non-poor to consume vitamin A-rich foods at low levels of tree cover in the lowland forest-savanna ecoregions, whereas the difference between poor and non-poor is less pronounced in the Sahel-Sudan. These results highlight the importance of trees and forests in sustainable food system transformation, even in areas with sparse tree cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowy den Braber
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Hall
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Maurice Mugabowindekwe
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Laura Vang Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Cheng Y, Oehmcke S, Brandt M, Rosenthal L, Das A, Vrieling A, Saatchi S, Wagner F, Mugabowindekwe M, Verbruggen W, Beier C, Horion S. Scattered tree death contributes to substantial forest loss in California. Nat Commun 2024; 15:641. [PMID: 38245523 PMCID: PMC10799937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, large-scale tree mortality events linked to global change have occurred around the world. Current forest monitoring methods are crucial for identifying mortality hotspots, but systematic assessments of isolated or scattered dead trees over large areas are needed to reduce uncertainty on the actual extent of tree mortality. Here, we mapped individual dead trees in California using sub-meter resolution aerial photographs from 2020 and deep learning-based dead tree detection. We identified 91.4 million dead trees over 27.8 million hectares of vegetated areas (16.7-24.7% underestimation bias when compared to field data). Among these, a total of 19.5 million dead trees appeared isolated, and 60% of all dead trees occurred in small groups ( ≤ 3 dead trees within a 30 × 30 m grid), which is largely undetected by other state-level monitoring methods. The widespread mortality of individual trees impacts the carbon budget and sequestration capacity of California forests and can be considered a threat to forest health and a fuel source for future wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Stefan Oehmcke
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa Rosenthal
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, Sequoia and Kings Canyon Field Station, Three Rivers, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Das
- US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Three Rivers, Sequoia and Kings Canyon Field Station, Three Rivers, CA, USA
| | - Anton Vrieling
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Fabien Wagner
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Maurice Mugabowindekwe
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Verbruggen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Beier
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stéphanie Horion
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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9
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Liu S, Brandt M, Nord-Larsen T, Chave J, Reiner F, Lang N, Tong X, Ciais P, Igel C, Pascual A, Guerra-Hernandez J, Li S, Mugabowindekwe M, Saatchi S, Yue Y, Chen Z, Fensholt R. The overlooked contribution of trees outside forests to tree cover and woody biomass across Europe. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadh4097. [PMID: 37713489 PMCID: PMC10881069 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Trees are an integral part in European landscapes, but only forest resources are systematically assessed by national inventories. The contribution of urban and agricultural trees to national-level carbon stocks remains largely unknown. Here we produced canopy cover, height and above-ground biomass maps from 3-meter resolution nanosatellite imagery across Europe. Our biomass estimates have a systematic bias of 7.6% (overestimation; R = 0.98) compared to national inventories of 30 countries, and our dataset is sufficiently highly resolved spatially to support the inclusion of tree biomass outside forests, which we quantify to 0.8 petagrams. Although this represents only 2% of the total tree biomass, large variations between countries are found (10% for UK) and trees in urban areas contribute substantially to national carbon stocks (8% for the Netherlands). The agreement with national inventory data, the scalability, and spatial details across landscapes, including trees outside forests, make our approach attractive for operational implementation to support national carbon stock inventory schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nord-Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nico Lang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrian Pascual
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Juan Guerra-Hernandez
- Forest Research Center, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sizhuo Li
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maurice Mugabowindekwe
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yuemin Yue
- Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengchao Chen
- Airborne Remote Sensing Center, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Reiner F, Brandt M, Tong X, Skole D, Kariryaa A, Ciais P, Davies A, Hiernaux P, Chave J, Mugabowindekwe M, Igel C, Oehmcke S, Gieseke F, Li S, Liu S, Saatchi S, Boucher P, Singh J, Taugourdeau S, Dendoncker M, Song XP, Mertz O, Tucker CJ, Fensholt R. More than one quarter of Africa's tree cover is found outside areas previously classified as forest. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2258. [PMID: 37130845 PMCID: PMC10154416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The consistent monitoring of trees both inside and outside of forests is key to sustainable land management. Current monitoring systems either ignore trees outside forests or are too expensive to be applied consistently across countries on a repeated basis. Here we use the PlanetScope nanosatellite constellation, which delivers global very high-resolution daily imagery, to map both forest and non-forest tree cover for continental Africa using images from a single year. Our prototype map of 2019 (RMSE = 9.57%, bias = -6.9%). demonstrates that a precise assessment of all tree-based ecosystems is possible at continental scale, and reveals that 29% of tree cover is found outside areas previously classified as tree cover in state-of-the-art maps, such as in croplands and grassland. Such accurate mapping of tree cover down to the level of individual trees and consistent among countries has the potential to redefine land use impacts in non-forest landscapes, move beyond the need for forest definitions, and build the basis for natural climate solutions and tree-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Skole
- Global Observatory for Ecosystem Services, Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrew Davies
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Maurice Mugabowindekwe
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Oehmcke
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Gieseke
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Information Systems, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sizhuo Li
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Peter Boucher
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jenia Singh
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Morgane Dendoncker
- Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xiao-Peng Song
- Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Ole Mertz
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Compton J Tucker
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Li S, Brandt M, Fensholt R, Kariryaa A, Igel C, Gieseke F, Nord-Larsen T, Oehmcke S, Carlsen AH, Junttila S, Tong X, d’Aspremont A, Ciais P. Deep learning enables image-based tree counting, crown segmentation, and height prediction at national scale. PNAS Nexus 2023; 2:pgad076. [PMID: 37065619 PMCID: PMC10096914 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable tree resource management is the key to mitigating climate warming, fostering a green economy, and protecting valuable habitats. Detailed knowledge about tree resources is a prerequisite for such management but is conventionally based on plot-scale data, which often neglects trees outside forests. Here, we present a deep learning-based framework that provides location, crown area, and height for individual overstory trees from aerial images at country scale. We apply the framework on data covering Denmark and show that large trees (stem diameter >10 cm) can be identified with a low bias (12.5%) and that trees outside forests contribute to 30% of the total tree cover, which is typically unrecognized in national inventories. The bias is high (46.6%) when our results are evaluated against all trees taller than 1.3 m, which involve undetectable small or understory trees. Furthermore, we demonstrate that only marginal effort is needed to transfer our framework to data from Finland, despite markedly dissimilar data sources. Our work lays the foundation for digitalized national databases, where large trees are spatially traceable and manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhuo Li
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: ;
| | | | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Fabian Gieseke
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Department of Information Systems, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Thomas Nord-Larsen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Stefan Oehmcke
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Ask Holm Carlsen
- Department of Earth Observations, The Danish Agency for Data Supply and Infrastructure, Copenhagen 2400, Denmark
| | - Samuli Junttila
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
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12
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Tucker C, Brandt M, Hiernaux P, Kariryaa A, Rasmussen K, Small J, Igel C, Reiner F, Melocik K, Meyer J, Sinno S, Romero E, Glennie E, Fitts Y, Morin A, Pinzon J, McClain D, Morin P, Porter C, Loeffler S, Kergoat L, Issoufou BA, Savadogo P, Wigneron JP, Poulter B, Ciais P, Kaufmann R, Myneni R, Saatchi S, Fensholt R. Sub-continental-scale carbon stocks of individual trees in African drylands. Nature 2023; 615:80-86. [PMID: 36859581 PMCID: PMC9977681 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of dryland trees and their density, cover, size, mass and carbon content are not well known at sub-continental to continental scales1-14. This information is important for ecological protection, carbon accounting, climate mitigation and restoration efforts of dryland ecosystems15-18. We assessed more than 9.9 billion trees derived from more than 300,000 satellite images, covering semi-arid sub-Saharan Africa north of the Equator. We attributed wood, foliage and root carbon to every tree in the 0-1,000 mm year-1 rainfall zone by coupling field data19, machine learning20-22, satellite data and high-performance computing. Average carbon stocks of individual trees ranged from 0.54 Mg C ha-1 and 63 kg C tree-1 in the arid zone to 3.7 Mg C ha-1 and 98 kg tree-1 in the sub-humid zone. Overall, we estimated the total carbon for our study area to be 0.84 (±19.8%) Pg C. Comparisons with 14 previous TRENDY numerical simulation studies23 for our area found that the density and carbon stocks of scattered trees have been underestimated by three models and overestimated by 11 models, respectively. This benchmarking can help understand the carbon cycle and address concerns about land degradation24-29. We make available a linked database of wood mass, foliage mass, root mass and carbon stock of each tree for scientists, policymakers, dryland-restoration practitioners and farmers, who can use it to estimate farmland tree carbon stocks from tablets or laptops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Compton Tucker
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
| | - Martin Brandt
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pierre Hiernaux
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
- Pastoralisme Conseil, Caylus, France.
| | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Small
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine Melocik
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Meyer
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Scott Sinno
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Eric Romero
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Erin Glennie
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Yasmin Fitts
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - August Morin
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jorge Pinzon
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Devin McClain
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Paul Morin
- Learning and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Claire Porter
- Learning and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Shane Loeffler
- Learning and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Laurent Kergoat
- Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Robert Kaufmann
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga Myneni
- Department of Earth & Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Mugabowindekwe M, Brandt M, Chave J, Reiner F, Skole DL, Kariryaa A, Igel C, Hiernaux P, Ciais P, Mertz O, Tong X, Li S, Rwanyiziri G, Dushimiyimana T, Ndoli A, Uwizeyimana V, Lillesø JPB, Gieseke F, Tucker CJ, Saatchi S, Fensholt R. Nation-wide mapping of tree-level aboveground carbon stocks in Rwanda. Nat Clim Chang 2022; 13:91-97. [PMID: 36684409 PMCID: PMC9845119 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-022-01544-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trees sustain livelihoods and mitigate climate change but a predominance of trees outside forests and limited resources make it difficult for many tropical countries to conduct automated nation-wide inventories. Here, we propose an approach to map the carbon stock of each individual overstory tree at the national scale of Rwanda using aerial imagery from 2008 and deep learning. We show that 72% of the mapped trees are located in farmlands and savannas and 17% in plantations, accounting for 48.6% of the national aboveground carbon stocks. Natural forests cover 11% of the total tree count and 51.4% of the national carbon stocks, with an overall carbon stock uncertainty of 16.9%. The mapping of all trees allows partitioning to any landscapes classification and is urgently needed for effective planning and monitoring of restoration activities as well as for optimization of carbon sequestration, biodiversity and economic benefits of trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Mugabowindekwe
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florian Reiner
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David L. Skole
- Global Observatory for Ecosystem Services, Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ole Mertz
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sizhuo Li
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gaspard Rwanyiziri
- Centre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Geography and Urban Planning, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Thaulin Dushimiyimana
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alain Ndoli
- International Union for Conservation of Nature—Eastern and Southern Africa Region, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Valens Uwizeyimana
- General Directorate of Land, Water, and Forestry, Ministry of Environment, Kigali, Rwanda
- Division of Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabian Gieseke
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Information Systems, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Compton J. Tucker
- Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Zhang XM, Brandt M, Yue YM, Tong XW, Wang KL, Fensholt R. The Carbon Sink Potential of Southern China After Two Decades of Afforestation. Earths Future 2022; 10:e2022EF002674. [PMID: 37035441 PMCID: PMC10078587 DOI: 10.1029/2022ef002674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Afforestation and land use changes that sequester carbon from the atmosphere in the form of woody biomass have turned southern China into one of the largest carbon sinks globally, which contributes to mitigating climate change. However, forest growth saturation and available land that can be forested limit the longevity of this carbon sink, and while a plethora of studies have quantified vegetation changes over the last decades, the remaining carbon sink potential of this area is currently unknown. Here, we train a model with multiple predictors characterizing the heterogeneous landscapes of southern China and predict the biomass carbon carrying capacity of the region for 2002-2017. We compare observed and predicted biomass carbon density and find that during about two decades of afforestation, 2.34 PgC have been sequestered between 2002 and 2017, and a total of 5.32 Pg carbon can potentially still be sequestrated. This means that the region has reached 73% of its aboveground biomass carbon carrying capacity in 2017, which is 12% more than in 2002, equal to a decrease of 0.77% per year. We identify potential afforestation areas that can still sequester 2.39 PgC, while old and new forests have reached 87% of their potential with 1.85 PgC remaining. Our work locates areas where vegetation has not yet reached its full potential but also shows that afforestation is not a long-term solution for climate change mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. M. Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and ServicesInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst EcosystemChinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiangChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijngChina
| | - M. Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Y. M. Yue
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and ServicesInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst EcosystemChinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiangChina
| | - X. W. Tong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and ServicesInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - K. L. Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Ecological Processes and ServicesInstitute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesChangshaChina
- Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst EcosystemChinese Academy of SciencesHuanjiangChina
| | - R. Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource ManagementUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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15
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Brandt M, Khraisat S, Doerschmann H, Kalinovic S, Molitor M, Karbach SH, Daiber A, Munzel T, Wenzel P. Telomere shortening in hypertensive heart disease depends on NOX2-mediated loss of PRDX1 and oxidative DNA damage. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Heart failure (HF) coincides with cardiomyocyte telomere shortening. Arterial hypertension is the most prominent risk factor for HF. Both HF and arterial hypertension are associated with dysregulation of the neurohormonal axis and increased ROS. However, how neurohormonal activation is linked to telomere shortening in the pathogenesis of HF is incompletely understood. Further, recent findings suggest that peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) can act as a telomere specific antioxidant.
Methods
To induce hypertensive HF, male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to AngII-infusion, uninephrectomy and high-salt (AngII++) for 5 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by ultrasound. Mouse adult cardiomocytes (CMs) isolated from C57BL/6J mice and mice lacking the NADPH-oxidase (NOX) 2/gp91phox as well as rat ventricular CM-derived cells (H9C2) were stimulated with AngII. Telomere length was quantified by Q-FISH after staining with a C-rich telomere probe (TelC). DNA/RNA-damage was evaluated after staining for Oxo-8-Gua (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine) and Oxo-8-G (8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine). Superoxide (O2-) was quantified by 2-hydroxyethidium (2-HE) using HPLC analysis. Colocalization of Oxo-8-Gua and TelC was quantified by automated image analysis. (Sub)cellular and tissue expression of gp91phox/Nox2 and PRDX1 was evaluated by ICC/IHC. All image quantification was conducted semiautomatically.
Results
In mice subjected to hypertensive HF, CM telomere shortening correlated significantly with both left ventricular (LV) dilatation and impairment of LV systolic function, paralleled by a significant loss of myocardial PRDX1 and significantly increased myocardial DNA/RNA-damage. Similarly, CMs stimulated with AngII exhibited significant telomere shortening, significant loss of PRDX1 and significantly increased DNA/RNA-damage, together with significantly increased CM superoxide production and significantly increased expression of the superoxide generating enzyme gp91phox/NOX2. Correspondingly, deficiency of gp91phox/NOX2 significantly prevented AngII-induced CM telomere shortening, DNA/RNA-damage and PRDX1-depletion. A similar effect could be observed upon stimulation of CMs with the specific histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6-inhibitor tubastatin, which prevents deacetylation of PRDX1.
Conclusion
We could provide first evidence that in heart failure, ROS originating from increased NOX2-activity leads to depletion of the telomere-targeted antioxidant and repair-protein PRDX1, which results in damage to the telomeric DNA. Both depletion of NOX2 as well as harnessing the intrinsic antioxidant defense by stabilizing PRDX1 via HDAC6-inhibition prevented CM telomere shortening and could be further evaluated as potential therapeutic targets to address heart failure.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Federal Ministry for Education and Research
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brandt
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
| | - S Khraisat
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
| | - H Doerschmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis , Mainz , Germany
| | - S Kalinovic
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
| | - M Molitor
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
| | - S H Karbach
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
| | - A Daiber
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
| | - T Munzel
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I , Mainz , Germany
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Bielfeldt S, Urquhart D, Brandt M, Hennighausen N, Bazzanella R. Reduction of residual topical diclofenac in waste water by a wiping procedure before hand washing. Chemosphere 2022; 292:133350. [PMID: 34933024 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with widespread usage as a topical treatment for relief of pain and inflammation in soft-tissue injuries. While the permeation mechanisms of topically applied diclofenac are well documented, the fate of residual diclofenac not retained at the site of pain following subsequent hand-washing is still not well characterized. The aim of this study quantifies the amount of diclofenac present in rinse water after the application of a topical pain gel containing 23.2 mg/g diclofenac diethylamine, and subsequent washing of the hands. A comparison of two different hand washing techniques was completed with and without wiping hands directly after product application and before washing. A pilot study was completed to optimize the analytical procedures used in the quantification of diclofenac in the rinse water, followed by a main study with 24 test subjects. The data were first analyzed separately and subsequently pooled for statistical analysis. To determine the amount of diclofenac in the rinse water samples, we used reverse phase-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (RP-LC-MS/MS). It was determined that a hand washing procedure with a pre-wash wipe of the hands with a paper towel resulted in a 66% reduction in diclofenac released into the waste water system (7.43 ± 3.02 mg/L). This study shows for the first time that a wiping procedure before hand washing will have a significant impact on the amount of diclofenac in the rinse water. Thus, it is possible to significantly impact the release of non-absorbed residual diclofenac after product application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bielfeldt
- ProDERM GmbH, Kiebitzweg 2, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.
| | - D Urquhart
- GSK Consumer Healthcare SARL, Route de L' Etraz, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - M Brandt
- ProDERM GmbH, Kiebitzweg 2, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - R Bazzanella
- GSK Consumer Healthcare SARL, Route de L' Etraz, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
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17
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Wei F, Wang S, Fu B, Brandt M, Pan N, Wang C, Fensholt R. Response to concerns about the African fire trends controlled by precipitation over recent decades. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:e4-e6. [PMID: 34856040 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Croplands expanded in Africa over recent decades, even though the increasing trends are spatially heterogeneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naiqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Fang Z, Brandt M, Wang L, Fensholt R. A global increase in tree cover extends the growing season length as observed from satellite records. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:151205. [PMID: 34710418 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant phenology provides information on the seasonal dynamics of plants, and changes herein are important for understanding the impact of climate change and human management on the biosphere. Land surface phenology is the study of plant phenology across large spatial scales estimated by satellite observations. However, satellite observations (pixels) are often composed of a mixture of vegetation types, like woody vegetation and herbaceous vegetation, having different phenological characteristics. Therefore, any changes in tree cover presumably impact land surface phenology, as trees usually have a different seasonal cycle compared to herbaceous vegetation. On the other hand, changes in land surface phenology are often interpreted as a result of climate change-induced impacts on the photosynthetic activity of vegetation. Therefore, it is important to better understand the role of changes in vegetation cover (here, the proportion between tree and short vegetation cover) in satellite-derived land surface phenology analysis. We studied the impact of changes in tree cover on satellite observed land surface phenology at a global scale over the past three decades. We found an extension of the growing season length in 36.6% of the areas where tree cover increased, whereas only 20.1% of the areas where tree cover decreased showed an increase in growing season length. Furthermore, the ratio between tree cover and short vegetation cover was found to affect changes in the length of the growing season, with the denser tree cover showing a more pronounced extension of the growing season length (especially in boreal forests). These results highlight the importance of changes in tree cover when analyzing the impact of climate change on vegetation phenology. Our study thereby addresses a critical knowledge gap for an improved understanding of changes in land surface phenology during recent decades in the context of climate and human-induced global land cover change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Fang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lanhui Wang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Goebel S, Schwuchow-Thonke S, Hahad O, Brandt M, Von Henning U, Escher F, Karbach S, Braun A, Gori T, Schultheiss H, Muenzel T, Wenzel P. Prevalence and outcome of cardiac amyloidosis in an all-comer population of patients with non-ischaemic heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is increasingly recognized as an underlying cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, most studies, solely investigated the prevalence of CA in special subgroups including HFpEF and severe aortic valve disease.
Purpose
With the present study we sought to investigate prevalence of different phenotypes of CA in an all comer-population of patients with non-ischaemic heart failure (HF) and to analyze the impact of CA on all-cause mortality.
Methods
The My Biopsy HF-Study (German clinical trials register number: 22178) is a retrospective monocentric study investigating the underlying etiology of HF in an all-comer population of patients with HF of unknown etiology. Patients presenting with symptoms of HF at the University Medical Centre between 14/10/2012 and 01/03/2021, who underwent endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) were enrolled in the present study. Ischaemic HF and valvular HF were ruled out prior to EMB. Specimens were sent for further examination to a specialized laboratory approved by the Food and Drug Administration
Results
Between October 2012 and March 2021, 767 patients (71.6% men) with HF of unknown etiology were included. Mean age at the time of presentation was 55.4 years (±14.4). Altogether, 72.5% of the patients presented with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 7.1% were diagnosed with HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) and 20.4% with HFpEF. Based on histological examination and genotyping, CA was diagnosed in 44 (5.7%) patients (immunglobulin light chain [AL] CA: 15 patients; variant transthyretin [ATTRv] CA: 6 patients; wild type transthyretin [ATTRwt] CA: 21 patients; de novo CA: 2 patients). Patients with CA were older compared with patients without CA (69.4±11.4 vs. 54.1±14.5; p<0.0001), had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension (68.2% vs. 50.9%; p=0.045) and showed a better left ventricular ejection fraction based on echocardiographic examination (47.5% vs. 32.6%; p<0.0001). With respect to biomarker expression, levels of both brain natriuretic peptide and high-sensitive troponin I were significantly higher in patients without CA (BNP: 914.1 vs 612; p=0.01; troponin I: 812.8 vs. 171.7; p=0.006). In univariate logistic regression analysis CA was associated with a significant all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] per unit increase [ui], 5.17, 95% CI, 2.93–9.08; p<0.0001), even after adjustment for classical cardiovascular risk factors (HRperui 3.12, 95% CI, 1.11–8.76; p=0.03) and comorbidities like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease and stroke (HRperui 2.93, 95% CI, 1.2–7.15; p=0.018).
Conclusions
Among patients presenting with HF of unknown etiology, including patients with HFpEF, HFmrEF and HFrEF, cardiac amyloidosis is the underlying cause of HF in 5.7% of patients and is independently associated with all-cause mortality.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goebel
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - O Hahad
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Brandt
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - U Von Henning
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - F Escher
- Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
| | - S Karbach
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - A.S Braun
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Gori
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - H.P Schultheiss
- Institute of Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany
| | - T Muenzel
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- University Medical Center, Department of Cardiology, Mainz, Germany
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20
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Brandt M, Doerschmann H, Kalinovic S, Daiber A, Muenzel T, Wenzel P. Telomere shortening in heart failure due to excess neurohormonal activation is associated with loss of nuclear TRF-2 and increased telomeric DNA damage and predicts cardiac recovery. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanisms and clinical significance of telomere shortening in heart failure remain elusive. Mammalian cardiomyocyte (CM) regeneration is limited and CM cell division cannot account for telomere shortening. Whether telomere shortening in turn affects cardiac recovery remains unexplored.
We induced heart failure by excess neurohormonal activation (NHA), a universal dysregulation in the failing heart.
B6 mice were subjected to AngII-infusion, uninephrectomy and high-salt (AngII++) to induce excess NHA for 5 weeks. Cardiac function was assessed by ultrasound. Human iPSC-derived CMs, mouse CMs and rat ventricular CMs (H9C2) were stimulated with AngII. Human cardiac biopsies from patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were grouped depending on cardiac recovery. Telomere length was quantified by Q-FISH. ROS-induced DNA/RNA-damage was evaluated after staining for 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine, -guanine and – guanosine-residues (8-oxo-dG). H9C2-cells were co-stained for telomeres, telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF-2) and 8-oxo-dG, telomere-specific DNA-damage was quantified by automated colocalization analysis. Superoxide (O2-) was quantified by 2-hydroxyethidium (2-HE) using HPLC analysis. Fibrosis was quantified by Sirius red staining.
AngII++-mice exhibited left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (p<0.0001 vs B6) along with reduced LV ejection fraction (p=0.03 vs B6), reduced global longitudinal strain (p<0.001 vs B6) along with significant telomere shortening in CMs isolated from AngII++-mice (p=0.0082 vs B6). Telomere length showed a significant correlation with LV systolic function (r2=0.64, p=0.006). While 8-oxo-dG-staining revealed significantly increased ROS-induced DNA/RNA damage in AngII++-myocardial sections overall (p<0.0001 vs B6), DNA/RNA-damage was highest in areas of fibrotic adverse remodeling congruent with significant telomere shortening (p<0.0122 fibrotic vs non-fibrotic AngII++-myocardium, p<0.0001 vs B6). In all cells tested, NHA resulted in significant telomere shortening. As a potential explanation, CMs stimulated with AngII revealed significantly increased, dose-dependent O2–production (AngII 10 nM p=0.03, AngII 50 nm p=0.0004 vs H9C2) along with significant loss of nucelar TRF2 (AngII nM p=0.0049, Ang II 50 nM p<0.0001 vs H9C2), while colocalization analysis revealed a significantly increased ROS-induced damage to the telomeric DNA (AngII 10/50 nm p<0.05 vs H9C2).
HFrEF-patients that had recovered cardiac function (ΔLVEF +5 – 30%) showed significantly longer myocardial telomeres than patients with no recovery/worsening (ΔLVEF −10 – 0%) (p=0.008), overall the telomere signal correlated significantly with ΔLVEF (r2=0.41, p=0.03).
Our data provides insides into how excess NHA via increased ROS, loss of nuclear TRF-2 and increased telomeric DNA-damage causes myocardial telomere shortening in heart failure and further that the extent of telomere shortening determines cardiac recovery.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): BMBF 01EO1003
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Affiliation(s)
- M Brandt
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Doerschmann
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Kalinovic
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Daiber
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Muenzel
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center of Cardiology, Cardiology I, Mainz, Germany
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21
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Vega AG, Mazaira MR, Fernandez NM, Nuñez MI, Brandt M, Juan LV, Vargas PP, Rodriguez ZG, Bermudez SC, Seivane RGA, Abbad RSDLC. O-199 Proof of concept: implantation window must be wider than proposed. Report of seven twins after asynchronous double embryo transfer. Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab128.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can simultaneous transfer of two embryos that were cryopreserved at different stages (D3 and Blastocyst) be appropriate to enhance success in women with more than three failed embryo transfers?
Summary answer
Double asynchronous embryo transfer offered excellent results in RIF. Unexpectedly high twin rate suggests that embryo-endometrium synchrony is overemphasized. Implantation window must be wider.
What is known already
Transcriptomic signature of the endometrium has been investigated in the last few years trying to understand the best moment for embryo implantation. Nevertheless, the optimal period has not been well established yet in humans. Simultaneous transfer of two human embryos at different developmental stages (D3 and Blastocyst) on Day 4 was proposed to help couples who have had RIF.
Study design, size, duration
Observational case-control study. From April 2016 to January 2021, we offered double asynchronous embryo transfer only after Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF). Two requirements were necessary: 1) Double embryo transfer was acceptable by the couple due to poor reproductive outcome. 2) Availability of two embryos cryopreserved at different stage (D3 and Blastocyst). Results were compared with good prognosis patients (all patients under 35 years in that period who had elected to transfer two day 3 cryopreserved embryos).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Forty-five patients accepted to participate in the study. Results were compared with all patients (237) under 35 years where two D3 thawed embryos were transferred. All cases received same protocol (oral estradiol 6mg/d or vaginal estradiol 4mg/d until ultrasound showed endometrial growth) LH, P4 and E2 were monitored in all patients to detect spontaneous LH surge. All cases received transvaginal micronized progesterone 800 mg/d. Embryo transfers were ultrasound guided and Wallace Embryosure catheter was employed.
Main results and the role of chance
Limitations, reasons for caution
Multiple pregnancy rate was unacceptably high. Therefore, it should not be suggested for good prognosis couples where single embryo transfer is clearly advidsed. Our main limitation was the combination of D3 embryos with blastocysts. The retrospective design make the results to be considered as a proof of concept.
Wider implications of the findings
Double asynchronic embryo transfer can offer new insights in the understanding of human implantation. The concept of implantation window is clearly challenged. Aiming to the center of the window is fine, but we still dońt know how wide is that center.
Trial registration number
not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Gosálvez Vega
- Hospital Quironsalud Madrid, Unidad Reproducción Asistida, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - M. Iglesias Nuñez
- Hospital Quironsalud Madrid, Unidad Reproducción Asistida, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Brandt
- Hospital Quironsalud Madrid, Unidad Reproducción Asistida, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Vidal Juan
- Hospital Quironsalud Madrid, Unidad Reproducción Asistida, Madrid, Spain
| | - P. Pastor Vargas
- Hospital Quironsalud Madrid, Unidad Reproducción Asistida, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - S. Corral Bermudez
- Hospital Quironsalud Madrid, Unidad Reproducción Asistida, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang X, Yue Y, Tong X, Wang K, Qi X, Deng C, Brandt M. Eco-engineering controls vegetation trends in southwest China karst. Sci Total Environ 2021; 770:145160. [PMID: 33736419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The karst area in Yunnan-Guangxi-Guizhou region in southwest China is known for widespread rocky desertification but several studies report a greening trend since the year 2000. While the start of the greening trend seems to match with the implementation of ecological conservation projects, no statistical evidence on a relationship between vegetation greening and eco-engineering exists. Moreover, dominant factors influencing the spatial patterns of vegetation trends have rarely been investigated. Here we use six comprehensive factors representing the natural conditions and human activities of the study area, and several statistical models consistently show that eco-engineering explains large parts of the positive vegetation trends in the karst areas, while negative vegetation trends in non-karst areas of Yunnan were related with a decrease in rainfall. We further show that the interaction of eco-engineering with other factors leads to a heterogeneous pattern of different vegetation trends. Knowing and understanding these patterns is crucial when planning ecological restoration, especially in diverse landscapes like China karst and the methods can be reused in other restoration areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Eco-systems, Huanjiang 547100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuemin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Eco-systems, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Xiaowei Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Eco-systems, Huanjiang 547100, China.
| | - Xiangkun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Eco-systems, Huanjiang 547100, China
| | - Chuxiong Deng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
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23
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Stettler H, Crowther JM, Brandt M, Boxshall A, Lu B, de Salvo R, Laing S, Hennighausen N, Bielfeldt S, Blenkiron P. Multi parametric biophysical assessment of treatment effects on xerotic skin. Skin Health Dis 2021; 1:e21. [PMID: 35664981 PMCID: PMC9060006 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Topical moisturizing products are widely used to alleviate the problems associated with xerotic skin. Their use affects many properties of the stratum corneum (SC) in a complex and interrelated manner. The range of measurement techniques available to the researcher has increased in recent years. However, few studies have looked for correlations between the different techniques for assessing how aspects of xerotic skin change over time as a result of topical moisturizer usage. Objectives A 3‐week in vivo study using an oil‐in‐water based moisturizing product and an untreated site was conducted to determine the clinical significance of and any correlations between a range of different approaches for the measurement of skin lipid content and also skin hydration and visual grading of dry skin. Methods A range of traditional and more recently developed skin measurement techniques have been used to examine a variety of SC properties in normal and xerotic skin during topical moisturizer usage. Results In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy and analysis of SC lipids from tape strips both showed an increase in SC lipid level and organization after 3 weeks of moisturizer usage on xerotic skin. Hydration, measured both optically and electrically, also increased and skin barrier function improved, with strong correlations between the different measures of dryness being observed. Conclusions Strong correlations were observed between the skin measurements for lipid assessment and skin hydration with regard to the assessment of xerotic skin, providing valuable new information for future in vivo clinical research into dry and atopic skin. Keywords biophysical assessment, skin barrier, skin hydration, topical moisturizers, Xerosis
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stettler
- Bayer Consumer Care AG Basel Switzerland
| | | | - M Brandt
- proDERM GmbH Schenefeld/Hamburg Germany
| | | | - B Lu
- Bayer Healthcare SAS Gaillard France
| | - R de Salvo
- Bayer Consumer Care AG Basel Switzerland
| | - S Laing
- proDERM GmbH Schenefeld/Hamburg Germany
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24
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Huang K, Zhang Y, Tagesson T, Brandt M, Wang L, Chen N, Zu J, Jin H, Cai Z, Tong X, Cong N, Fensholt R. The confounding effect of snow cover on assessing spring phenology from space: A new look at trends on the Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 2021; 756:144011. [PMID: 33316646 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world, hosting unique alpine grassland and having a much higher snow cover than any other region at the same latitude, thus representing a "climate change hot-spot". Land surface phenology characterizes the timing of vegetation seasonality at the per-pixel level using remote sensing systems. The impact of seasonal snow cover variations on land surface phenology has drawn much attention; however, there is still no consensus on how the remote sensing estimated start of season (SOS) is biased by the presence of preseason snow cover. Here, we analyzed SOS assessments from time series of satellite derived vegetation indices and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) during 2003-2016 for the Tibetan Plateau. We evaluated satellite-based SOS with field observations and gross primary production (GPP) from eddy covariance for both snow-free and snow covered sites. SOS derived from SIF was highly correlated with field data (R2 = 0.83) and also the normalized difference phenology index (NDPI) performed well for both snow free (R2 = 0.77) and snow covered sites (R2 = 0.73). On the contrary, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) correlates only weakly with field data (R2 = 0.35 for snow free and R2 = 0.15 for snow covered sites). We further found that an earlier end of the snow season caused an earlier estimate of SOS for the Tibetan Plateau from NDVI as compared to NDPI. Our research therefore adds new evidence to the ongoing debate supporting the view that the claimed advance in land surface SOS over the Tibetan Plateau is an artifact from snow cover changes. These findings improve our understanding of the impact of snow on land surface phenology in alpine ecosystems, which can further improve remote sensing based land surface phenology assessments in snow-influenced ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Yangjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark; Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden.
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark.
| | - Lanhui Wang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark.
| | - Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Jiaxing Zu
- Nanning Normal University, Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning 530001, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Intelligent Simulation, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Hongxiao Jin
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden; Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Zhanzhang Cai
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden.
| | - Xiaowei Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark.
| | - Nan Cong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark.
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25
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Topf A, Paar V, Grueninger J, Wernly B, Weber T, Mahfoud F, Lichtenauer M, Hoppe U, Brandt M, Motloch L. sST2 is a promising biomarker in hypertensive patients undergoing renal denervation. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Therapy resistant arterial hypertension (raHTN) is a major clinical burden. While therapeutic alternatives are still missing, novel interventional procedures like renal denervation (RD) are still evolving. Indeed, despite discoursing results of the Simplicity HTN-3 trial, new promising results resulted in a revival of this procedure. Therefore, predictors for the success of future interventions would be of great clinical benefit. The novel biomarker sST2 shows promising results for risk stratification of cardiovascular patient. While, sST2 belongs to the IL-1 receptor family, it has an influence on immunologic processes with consequent cardioprotective effects including prevention of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis indicating predictive potential in hypertensive heart disease. Nevertheless, clinical implementation of this promising biomarker was not investigated in patients with raHTN undergoing RD.
Purpose
To investigate a potential clinical relevance of sST2 in patients with raHTN undergoing RD.
Methods
We evaluated 58 patients with raHTN (age: 63±11 years, systolic blood pressure at baseline: 178±24mmHg) undergoing bilateral RD. If available, serum levels of sST2 were analyzed at baseline as well as at follow-up at one and/or three month.
Results
While RD was able to decrease blood pressure levels after one month (systolic blood pressure at one month: 158±21mmHg, p<0.01), on echocardiography a reduction of left ventricular mass (LVM) was observed at one month with a further significant reduction at three month (LVM at baseline: 233±68g, LVM at one month: 218±59g and LVM at three month: 181±59, p<0.01). This observation was accompanied by a significant decrease of sST2 levels at three month (sST2 baseline: 6322±3578pg/ml vs. sST2 three month: 4704±1586pg/ml, p=0.02). Furthermore, baseline sST2 was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure at one month, measured either at office (r=0.57, p<0.01) or invasively in the aorta (r=0.49, p=0.03) indicating a potential predictive value of this biomarker.
Conclusion
In patients with raHTN, RD is associated with a significant decrease of sST2 levels, indicating sST2 to be involved in remodeling processes after RD. Furthermore, sST2 levels at baseline might be a potential predictor of intervention success of RD. Further, studies need to investigate the association of sST2 levels and RD.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- A Topf
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
| | - V Paar
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Grueninger
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B Wernly
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
| | - T Weber
- Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Cardiology, Wels, Austria
| | - F Mahfoud
- Saarland University Hospital, internal medicine III., Homburg, Germany
| | - M Lichtenauer
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
| | - U Hoppe
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Brandt
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
| | - L.J Motloch
- Universitaetsklinikum Salzburg, II. medicine, Salzburg, Austria
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26
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Hirst DJ, Brandt M, Bruton G, Christodoulou E, Cutler L, Deeks N, Goodacre JD, Jack T, Lindon M, Miah A, Page K, Parr N, Shukla L, Sims M, Thomas P, Thorpe J, Holmes DS. Structure-based optimisation of orally active & reversible MetAP-2 inhibitors maintaining a tight 'molecular budget'. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127533. [PMID: 32919012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Structure-based led optimisation of orally active reversible Methionine Aminopeptidase-2 (MetAP-2) inhibitors utilising a 'molecular budget' medicinal chemistry strategy is described. The key physicochemical parameters of target molecules (cLogP, molecular size and H-bond donor count) were monitored through straightforward and intuitive use of atom count and distribution. The balance between structure-based design and an awareness of the physicochemical properties of the compounds synthesised enabled the rapid identification of a potent molecule with good oral pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics by making fewer, higher quality compounds. The resulting candidate quality molecule was validated in a mechanistic cellular assay and a rodent secondary immunisation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hirst
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Martin Brandt
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Rd., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Gordon Bruton
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Erica Christodoulou
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Leanne Cutler
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nigel Deeks
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jonathan D Goodacre
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Torquil Jack
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Matthew Lindon
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Afjal Miah
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kevin Page
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Nigel Parr
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Lena Shukla
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Martin Sims
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Pamela Thomas
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - James Thorpe
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Duncan S Holmes
- GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, UK
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27
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Garlapati V, Molitor M, Efentakis P, Lagrange J, Wild J, Karbach S, Vujacic-Mirski K, Muenzel T, Daiber A, Brandt M, Kossmann S, Milting H, Gori T, Ruf W, Wenzel P. Tissue factor cytoplasmic tail regulates myeloid cell derived superoxide formation and TGF-beta 1 driven cardiac remodeling in myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the setting of myocardial infarction (MI), patients with coronary no-reflow and/or delayed presentation after onset of symptoms (sub-acute MI) are inflicted by severe thrombo-inflammation and are marked by worse clinical outcome. However, it is unclear whether tissue factor (TF) contributes to outcome post MI solely by the regulatory functions of its cytoplasmic tail independently of its coagulation activity.
Purpose
We analyzed the role of the TF cytoplasmic domain in the recruitment of myeloid cells into the infarcted myocardium and the consequences on cardiac remodeling, scar formation, development of heart failure and survival post MI.
Methods
Twelve Patients enrolled in the MICAT (Mainzer Intracoronary Database, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02180178) study were examined. Patients with sub-acute MI and stable coronary artery disease were defined and monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Human heart samples acquired from the left ventricular wall of explanted hearts following cardiac transplantation or obtained during implantation of left ventricular assist device. Samples were investigated for downstream analysis of protein by western blots, RNA quantification and cryo-sectioning. MI was induced in 9 to 12 weeks old male C57BL/6J mice, mice specifically lacking the cytoplasmic tail (CT) of TF (TFΔCT mice) and TFfl/flLysMCre+/− mice by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Left ventricular function was assessed by High-Frequency Ultrasound System. Infiltration of immune cells into the infarcted myocardium was analyzed by performing flow cytometric analysis after enzymatic digestion of the myocardium. Superoxide levels were quantified by HPLC-based measurement of dihydroethidium derived oxidation product 2-hydroxy ethidium.
Results
Circulating monocytes in patients with sub-acute MI showed increased nitrosative stress as well as increased phosphorylation of TF CT along with TGF-β1 and NF-kB inflammatory activation, which was recapitulated in cardiac tissue of end-stage heart failure patients with chronic MI. MI results in phosphorylation of the CT of TF within myeloid cells. Using mice with conditional knockout of TF on myeloid cells or TFΔCT mice, we found that this regulatory intracellular domain of TF within myeloid cells is required for cardiac infiltration of inflammatory Ly6Chigh TF+ monocytes, Rac-1 GTPase and superoxide formation of gp91phox + myeloid cells in MI. TGF-β1 dependent SMAD2 activation and cardiac collagen deposition as late sequel of MI was reduced in TFΔCT mice, resulting in attenuated cardiac dysfunction and reduced mortality.
Conclusion
We conclude that, TF CT drives NADPH-oxidase derived superoxide formation, thrombo-inflammation and cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, it might serve as putative biomarker and risk predictor in MI
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- V.S Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Molitor
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Efentakis
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Lagrange
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - K Vujacic-Mirski
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center for Cardiology - Cardiology 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - T Muenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - A Daiber
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center for Cardiology - Cardiology 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Brandt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Kossmann
- University of Sydney, The Heart Research Institute, Camperdown, Australia
| | - H Milting
- Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, Erich und Hanna Klessmann-Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Forschung und Entwicklung, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - T Gori
- University Medical Center of Mainz, Center for Cardiology - Cardiology 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - W Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) – Partner site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
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28
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Brandt M, Tucker CJ, Kariryaa A, Rasmussen K, Abel C, Small J, Chave J, Rasmussen LV, Hiernaux P, Diouf AA, Kergoat L, Mertz O, Igel C, Gieseke F, Schöning J, Li S, Melocik K, Meyer J, Sinno S, Romero E, Glennie E, Montagu A, Dendoncker M, Fensholt R. An unexpectedly large count of trees in the West African Sahara and Sahel. Nature 2020; 587:78-82. [PMID: 33057199 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A large proportion of dryland trees and shrubs (hereafter referred to collectively as trees) grow in isolation, without canopy closure. These non-forest trees have a crucial role in biodiversity, and provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage, food resources and shelter for humans and animals1,2. However, most public interest relating to trees is devoted to forests, and trees outside of forests are not well-documented3. Here we map the crown size of each tree more than 3 m2 in size over a land area that spans 1.3 million km2 in the West African Sahara, Sahel and sub-humid zone, using submetre-resolution satellite imagery and deep learning4. We detected over 1.8 billion individual trees (13.4 trees per hectare), with a median crown size of 12 m2, along a rainfall gradient from 0 to 1,000 mm per year. The canopy cover increases from 0.1% (0.7 trees per hectare) in hyper-arid areas, through 1.6% (9.9 trees per hectare) in arid and 5.6% (30.1 trees per hectare) in semi-arid zones, to 13.3% (47 trees per hectare) in sub-humid areas. Although the overall canopy cover is low, the relatively high density of isolated trees challenges prevailing narratives about dryland desertification5-7, and even the desert shows a surprisingly high tree density. Our assessment suggests a way to monitor trees outside of forests globally, and to explore their role in mitigating degradation, climate change and poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.
| | | | - Ankit Kariryaa
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,HCI Group, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christin Abel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Small
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique, CNRS, UPS, IRD, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Vang Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Hiernaux
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,Pastoralisme Conseil, Caylus, France
| | | | - Laurent Kergoat
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), Toulouse, France
| | - Ole Mertz
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Igel
- Department of Computer Science (DIKU), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Gieseke
- Department of Computer Science (DIKU), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Information Systems, University of Műnster, Műnster, Germany
| | | | - Sizhuo Li
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine Melocik
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Jesse Meyer
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Scott Sinno
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Eric Romero
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Erin Glennie
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Amandine Montagu
- Département de Géosciences, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Dendoncker
- Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Wei F, Wang S, Fu B, Brandt M, Pan N, Wang C, Fensholt R. Nonlinear dynamics of fires in Africa over recent decades controlled by precipitation. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4495-4505. [PMID: 32445413 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of fires in Africa are of critical importance for understanding changes in ecosystem properties and effects on the global carbon cycle. Given increasing fire risk from projected warming on the one hand and a documented human-driven decline in fires on the other, it is still unknown how the complex interplay between climate and human factors affects recent changes of fires in Africa. Moreover, the impact of recent strong El Niño events on fire dynamics is not yet known. By applying an ensemble empirical mode decomposition method to satellite-derived fire burned area, we investigated the spatio-temporal evolution of fires in Africa over 2001-2016 and identified the potential dominant drivers. Our results show an overall decline of fire rates, which is continuous over the time period and mainly caused by cropland expansion in northern sub-Saharan Africa. However, we also find that years of high precipitation have caused an initial increase in fire rates in southern Africa, which reversed to a decline in later years. This decline is caused by a high frequency of dry years leading to very low fuel loads, suggesting that recent drought causes a general reduction of burned areas, in particular in xeric savannas. In some mesic regions (10°-15°S), solar radiation and increased temperature caused increase in fires. These findings show that climate change overrules the impact of human expansion on fire rates at the continental scale in Africa, reducing the fire risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naiqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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30
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Wigneron JP, Fan L, Ciais P, Bastos A, Brandt M, Chave J, Saatchi S, Baccini A, Fensholt R. Tropical forests did not recover from the strong 2015-2016 El Niño event. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaay4603. [PMID: 32076648 PMCID: PMC7002128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Severe drought and extreme heat associated with the 2015-2016 El Niño event have led to large carbon emissions from the tropical vegetation to the atmosphere. With the return to normal climatic conditions in 2017, tropical forest aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks are expected to partly recover due to increased productivity, but the intensity and spatial distribution of this recovery are unknown. We used low-frequency microwave satellite data (L-VOD) to feature precise monitoring of AGC changes and show that the AGC recovery of tropical ecosystems was slow and that by the end of 2017, AGC had not reached predrought levels of 2014. From 2014 to 2017, tropical AGC stocks decreased by1.3 1.2 1.5 Pg C due to persistent AGC losses in Africa (- 0.9 - 1.1 - 0.8 Pg C) and America (- 0.5 - 0.6 - 0.4 Pg C). Pantropically, drylands recovered their carbon stocks to pre-El Niño levels, but African and American humid forests did not, suggesting carryover effects from enhanced forest mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Wigneron
- ISPA, UMR 1391, Inrae Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Grande Ferrade, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Lei Fan
- ISPA, UMR 1391, Inrae Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, Grande Ferrade, Villenave d’Ornon, France
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disaster, School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jérome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique, Bâtiment 4R3 Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alessandro Baccini
- Woods Hole Research Center, 149 Woods Hole Road, Falmouth, MA 02540-1644, USA
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Tagesson T, Schurgers G, Horion S, Ciais P, Tian F, Brandt M, Ahlström A, Wigneron JP, Ardö J, Olin S, Fan L, Wu Z, Fensholt R. Recent divergence in the contributions of tropical and boreal forests to the terrestrial carbon sink. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:202-209. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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33
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Fan L, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Chave J, Brandt M, Fensholt R, Saatchi SS, Bastos A, Al-Yaari A, Hufkens K, Qin Y, Xiao X, Chen C, Myneni RB, Fernandez-Moran R, Mialon A, Rodriguez-Fernandez NJ, Kerr Y, Tian F, Peñuelas J. Satellite-observed pantropical carbon dynamics. Nat Plants 2019; 5:944-951. [PMID: 31358958 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in terrestrial tropical carbon stocks have an important role in the global carbon budget. However, current observational tools do not allow accurate and large-scale monitoring of the spatial distribution and dynamics of carbon stocks1. Here, we used low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations to compute a direct and spatially explicit quantification of annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes and show that the tropical net AGC budget was approximately in balance during 2010 to 2017, the net budget being composed of gross losses of -2.86 PgC yr-1 offset by gross gains of -2.97 PgC yr-1 between continents. Large interannual and spatial fluctuations of tropical AGC were quantified during the wet 2011 La Niña year and throughout the extreme dry and warm 2015-2016 El Niño episode. These interannual fluctuations, controlled predominantly by semiarid biomes, were shown to be closely related to independent global atmospheric CO2 growth-rate anomalies (Pearson's r = 0.86), highlighting the pivotal role of tropical AGC in the global carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sassan S Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Amen Al-Yaari
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Koen Hufkens
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yuanwei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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34
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Brandt M, Hiernaux P, Rasmussen K, Tucker CJ, Wigneron JP, Diouf AA, Herrmann SM, Zhang W, Kergoat L, Mbow C, Abel C, Auda Y, Fensholt R. Changes in rainfall distribution promote woody foliage production in the Sahel. Commun Biol 2019; 2:133. [PMID: 31044158 PMCID: PMC6478729 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dryland ecosystems comprise a balance between woody and herbaceous vegetation. Climate change impacts rainfall timing, which may alter the respective contributions of woody and herbaceous plants on the total vegetation production. Here, we apply 30 years of field-measured woody foliage and herbaceous mass from Senegal and document a faster increase in woody foliage mass (+17 kg ha-1 yr-1) as compared to herbaceous mass (+3 kg ha-1 yr-1). Annual rainfall trends were partitioned into core wet-season rains (+0.7 mm yr-1), supporting a weak but periodic (5-year cycles) increase in herbaceous mass, and early/late rains (+2.1 mm yr-1), explaining the strongly increased woody foliage mass. Satellite observations confirm these findings for the majority of the Sahel, with total herbaceous/woody foliage mass increases by 6%/20%. We conclude that the rainfall recovery in the Sahel does not benefit herbaceous vegetation to the same extent as woody vegetation, presumably favoured by increased early/late rains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Hiernaux
- Pastoralisme Conseil, 30 chemin de Jouanal, 82160 Caylus, France
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Compton J. Tucker
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 610.9, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
| | | | | | - Stefanie M. Herrmann
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurent Kergoat
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Cheikh Mbow
- START International Inc., 2000 Florida Ave NW, Washington, DC 20009 USA
| | - Christin Abel
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yves Auda
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhang W, Brandt M, Penuelas J, Guichard F, Tong X, Tian F, Fensholt R. Ecosystem structural changes controlled by altered rainfall climatology in tropical savannas. Nat Commun 2019; 10:671. [PMID: 30737376 PMCID: PMC6368604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical savannas comprise mixed woodland grassland ecosystems in which trees and grasses compete for water resources thereby maintaining the spatial structuring of this ecosystem. A global change in rainfall climatology may impact the structure of tropical savanna ecosystems by favouring woody plants, relative to herbaceous vegetation. Here we analysed satellite data and observed a relatively higher increase in woody vegetation (5%) as compared to the increase in annual maximum leaf area index (LAImax, an indicator of the total green vegetation production) (3%) in arid and semi-arid savannas over recent decades. We further observed a declining sensitivity of LAImax to annual rainfall over 56% of the tropical savannas, spatially overlapping with areas of increased woody cover and altered rainfall climatology. This suggests a climate-induced shift in the coexistence of woody and herbaceous vegetation in savanna ecosystems, possibly caused by altered hydrological conditions with significance for land cover and associated biophysical effects such as surface albedo and evapotranspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Françoise Guichard
- Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques (CNRM), UMR CNRS 3589 and Météo-France, 42 Avenue Gaspard Coriolis, 31057, Toulouse, France
| | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Tian F, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Chave J, Ogée J, Peñuelas J, Ræbild A, Domec JC, Tong X, Brandt M, Mialon A, Rodriguez-Fernandez N, Tagesson T, Al-Yaari A, Kerr Y, Chen C, Myneni RB, Zhang W, Ardö J, Fensholt R. Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1428-1435. [PMID: 30104750 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant water storage is fundamental to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by participating in plant metabolism, nutrient and sugar transport, and maintenance of the integrity of the hydraulic system of the plant. However, a global view of the size and dynamics of the water pools stored in plant tissues is still lacking. Here, we report global patterns of seasonal variations in ecosystem-scale plant water storage and their relationship with leaf phenology, based on space-borne measurements of L-band vegetation optical depth. We find that seasonal variations in plant water storage are highly synchronous with leaf phenology for the boreal and temperate forests, but asynchronous for the tropical woodlands, where the seasonal development of plant water storage lags behind leaf area by up to 180 days. Contrasting patterns of the time lag between plant water storage and terrestrial groundwater storage are also evident in these ecosystems. A comparison of the water cycle components in seasonally dry tropical woodlands highlights the buffering effect of plant water storage on the seasonal dynamics of water supply and demand. Our results offer insights into ecosystem-scale plant water relations globally and provide a basis for an improved parameterization of eco-hydrological and Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Chave
- UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anders Ræbild
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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37
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Ritter PS, Schwabedal J, Brandt M, Schrempf W, Brezan F, Krupka A, Sauer C, Pfennig A, Bauer M, Soltmann B, Nikitin E. Sleep spindles in bipolar disorder - a comparison to healthy control subjects. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:163-172. [PMID: 29974456 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder is a severe mental disorder for which currently no reliable biomarkers exist. It has been shown that patients with schizophrenia but not with unipolar depression have a reduced density of fast sleep spindles during N2 sleep. The aim of this study was to assess fast sleep spindle density in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. METHODS Patients with bipolar disorder (n = 24) and healthy control subjects (n = 25) were assessed using all-night polysomnography. Sleep spindles within stage N2 sleep were identified by visual inspection and subdivided into fast (>13 Hz) and slow (≤13 Hz) spindles. All spindles were subsequently characterised by density, frequency, amplitude, duration and coherence. RESULTS Euthymic patients with bipolar disorder were found to have a reduced density and a lower mean frequency of fast spindles. Slow spindle density and frequency did not differ between groups. There were no differences regarding amplitude, duration or coherence. CONCLUSIONS A reduction in fast spindle density during N2 sleep points towards thalamic dysfunction as a potential neurobiological mechanism of relevance in bipolar disorder. In addition, a reduced sleep spindle density could be interpreted as a common endophenotype shared with schizophrenia but not unipolar depression and may - if replicated - be of utility in early recognition and risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ritter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Schwabedal
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Brandt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - W Schrempf
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - F Brezan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Krupka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - B Soltmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Nikitin
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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38
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Garlapati VS, Brandt M, Lagrange J, Kossmann S, Ruf W, Wenzel P. P913Lack of tissue factor cytoplasmic tail attenuates cardiac injury after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V S Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Brandt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Lagrange
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - S Kossmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - W Ruf
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
| | - P Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Mainz, Germany
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39
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Kolbitsch T, Larbig R, Reda S, Blasius A, Paar V, Wernly B, Ohnewein B, Dinges C, Lichtenauer M, Brandt M, Hoppe UC, Motloch LJ. P5136Coronary tortuosity is an indicator of poor controlled arterial hypertension and correlates with the severity of dyspnea in the absence of coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Kolbitsch
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - R Larbig
- Clinics Maria Hilf, Cardiology, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - S Reda
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - A Blasius
- Clinics Maria Hilf, Cardiology, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - V Paar
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B Wernly
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - B Ohnewein
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - C Dinges
- University Clinics Salzburg, Cardiac Surgery, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Lichtenauer
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Brandt
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - U C Hoppe
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
| | - L J Motloch
- University Clinics Salzburg, Internal Medicine II, Salzburg, Austria
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40
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Brandt M, Zaiser AK, Schnuerch M. Homogeneity of item material boosts the list length effect in recognition memory: A global matching perspective. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 2018; 45:834-850. [PMID: 29985029 DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Kinnell and Dennis (2012) showed that the list length effect in recognition memory is only observed for homogeneous stimulus material. On the basis of the global matching model MINERVA 2 (Hintzman, 1986, 1988), we offer a theoretical explanation for this finding. According to our analysis, homogeneous material immunizes against the disruptive influence of preexperimental items, which might mask the intralist interference predicted by global matching models for familiar heterogeneous material. We tested our approach in three experiments. In Experiment 1, we found list length effects for homogeneous photographs of flowers and landscapes. In Experiment 2 and 3, we presented heterogeneous photographs of scenes (Experiment 2) and faces (Experiment 3). List length effects were only found if these photographs were homogenized by the use of image-processing filters. We further show that our explanation is also in line with the results of Dennis and Chapman (2010) who found an inverse list length effect. Overall, our results provide evidence for a global matching account of familiarity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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41
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Brandt M, Rasmussen K, Hiernaux P, Herrmann S, Tucker CJ, Tong X, Tian F, Mertz O, Kergoat L, Mbow C, David J, Melocik K, Dendoncker M, Vincke C, Fensholt R. "Reduction of tree cover in West African woodlands and promotion in semi-arid farmlands". Nat Geosci 2018; 11:328-333. [PMID: 32944066 PMCID: PMC7493051 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-018-0092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Woody vegetation in farmland acts as a carbon sink and provides ecosystem services for local people, but no macro-scale assessments of the impact of management and climate on woody cover exists for drylands. Here we make use of very high spatial resolution satellite imagery to derive wall-to-wall woody cover patterns in tropical West African drylands. Our study reveals a consistently high woody cover in farmlands along all semi-arid and sub-humid rainfall zones (16%), on average only 6% lower than in savannas. In semi-arid Sahel, farmland management increases woody cover to a greater level (12%) than found in neighbouring savannas (6%), whereas farmlands in sub-humid zones have a reduced woody cover (20%) as compared to savannas (30%). In the region as a whole, rainfall, terrain and soil are the most important (80%) determinants of woody cover, while management factors play a smaller (20%) role. We conclude that agricultural expansion cannot generally be claimed to cause woody cover losses, and that observations in Sahel contradict simplistic ideas of a high negative correlation between population density and woody cover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Hiernaux
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Stefanie Herrmann
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1177 E. 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Compton J. Tucker
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 610.9, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Mertz
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurent Kergoat
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5563 (CNRS/UPS/IRD/CNES), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Cheikh Mbow
- START International Inc., 2000 Florida Ave NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - John David
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 610.9, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Katherine Melocik
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 610.9, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Morgane Dendoncker
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Croix du Sud 2 L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Caroline Vincke
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Environmental Sciences, Croix du Sud 2 L7.05.09, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
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42
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Brandt M, Wigneron JP, Chave J, Tagesson T, Penuelas J, Ciais P, Rasmussen K, Tian F, Mbow C, Al-Yaari A, Rodriguez-Fernandez N, Schurgers G, Zhang W, Chang J, Kerr Y, Verger A, Tucker C, Mialon A, Rasmussen LV, Fan L, Fensholt R. Satellite passive microwaves reveal recent climate-induced carbon losses in African drylands. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:827-835. [PMID: 29632351 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The African continent is facing one of the driest periods in the past three decades as well as continued deforestation. These disturbances threaten vegetation carbon (C) stocks and highlight the need for improved capabilities of monitoring large-scale aboveground carbon stock dynamics. Here we use a satellite dataset based on vegetation optical depth derived from low-frequency passive microwaves (L-VOD) to quantify annual aboveground biomass-carbon changes in sub-Saharan Africa between 2010 and 2016. L-VOD is shown not to saturate over densely vegetated areas. The overall net change in drylands (53% of the land area) was -0.05 petagrams of C per year (Pg C yr-1) associated with drying trends, and a net change of -0.02 Pg C yr-1 was observed in humid areas. These trends reflect a high inter-annual variability with a very dry year in 2015 (net change, -0.69 Pg C) with about half of the gross losses occurring in drylands. This study demonstrates, first, the applicability of L-VOD to monitor the dynamics of carbon loss and gain due to weather variations, and second, the importance of the highly dynamic and vulnerable carbon pool of dryland savannahs for the global carbon balance, despite the relatively low carbon stock per unit area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Jerome Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution and Diversité Biologique, Bâtiment 4R3 Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Amen Al-Yaari
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Guy Schurgers
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, CE Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Aleixandre Verger
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | | | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Vang Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lei Fan
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Bordeaux Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Otsuka F, Zhao X, Trout HH, Qiao Y, Wasserman BA, Nakano M, Macphee CH, Brandt M, Krug-Gourley S, Guo L, Ladich ER, Cheng Q, Davis HR, Finn AV, Virmani R, Kolodgie FD. Community-based statins and advanced carotid plaque: Role of CD163 positive macrophages in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 activity in atherosclerotic plaque. Atherosclerosis 2017; 267:78-89. [PMID: 29101839 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), an enzymatic inflammatory biomarker primarily bound to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is associated with an approximate twofold increased risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. Despite indications that circulating Lp-PLA2 is sensitive to statins, it remains largely unknown whether statin usage exerts local effects on Lp-PLA2 expression at the site of atheromatous plaque. METHODS Carotid plaques (n = 38) were prospectively collected from symptomatic (n = 18) and asymptomatic (n = 20) patients with (n = 20) or without (n = 18) documented statin history. In all cases, endarterectomy was performed where the primary stenosis was removed in an undisturbed manner. Serial cryosections of the presenting lesion were assessed histologically for macrophages, Lp-PLA2, and cell death (apoptotic index). RESULTS Symptomatic lesions exhibited less calcification, with greater inflammation characterized by increased expression of CD68+ and CD163+ macrophage subsets, and Lp-PLA2. Symptomatic plaques also exhibited greater necrotic core area and increased apoptosis, as compared with asymptomatic lesions. In contrast, statin treatment did not appear to influence any of these parameters, except for the extent of apoptosis, which was less in statin treated as compared with statin naïve lesions. Overall, Lp-PLA2 expression correlated positively with necrotic core area, CD68+ and CD163+ macrophage area, and cell death. Finally, in vitro assays and dual immunofluorescence staining confirmed CD163-expressing monocytes/macrophages are also a major source of Lp-PLA2. CONCLUSIONS Statin treatment has no effect on local atherosclerotic lesion Lp-PLA2 activity, therefore, the addition of anti-inflammatory treatments to further decrease macrophage Lp-PLA2 expression in atherosclerotic lesions may reduce lesional inflammation and cell death, and prevent necrotic core expansion and lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hugh H Trout
- Department of Surgery, Suburban Hospital, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ye Qiao
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bruce A Wasserman
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | | | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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44
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Fietz J, Kaschowitz J, Brandt M. SOCIAL NETWORKS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT OF OLDER MIGRANTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Fietz
- Chair for Social Structure & Sociology of Ageing Societies, Institute for Sociology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - J. Kaschowitz
- Chair for Social Structure & Sociology of Ageing Societies, Institute for Sociology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - M. Brandt
- Chair for Social Structure & Sociology of Ageing Societies, Institute for Sociology, Dortmund, Germany
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45
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Tian F, Brandt M, Liu YY, Rasmussen K, Fensholt R. Mapping gains and losses in woody vegetation across global tropical drylands. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:1748-1760. [PMID: 27515022 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Woody vegetation in global tropical drylands is of significant importance for both the interannual variability of the carbon cycle and local livelihoods. Satellite observations over the past decades provide a unique way to assess the vegetation long-term dynamics across biomes worldwide. Yet, the actual changes in the woody vegetation are always hidden by interannual fluctuations of the leaf density, because the most widely used remote sensing data are primarily related to the photosynthetically active vegetation components. Here, we quantify the temporal trends of the nonphotosynthetic woody components (i.e., stems and branches) in global tropical drylands during 2000-2012 using the vegetation optical depth (VOD), retrieved from passive microwave observations. This is achieved by a novel method focusing on the dry season period to minimize the influence of herbaceous vegetation and using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data to remove the interannual fluctuations of the woody leaf component. We revealed significant trends (P < 0.05) in the woody component (VODwood ) in 35% of the areas characterized by a nonsignificant trend in the leaf component (VODleaf modeled from NDVI), indicating pronounced gradual growth/decline in woody vegetation not captured by traditional assessments. The method is validated using a unique record of ground measurements from the semiarid Sahel and shows a strong agreement between changes in VODwood and changes in ground observed woody cover (r2 = 0.78). Reliability of the obtained woody component trends is also supported by a review of relevant literatures for eight hot spot regions of change. The proposed approach is expected to contribute to an improved assessment of, for example, changes in dryland carbon pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yi Y Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science & Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Kjeld Rasmussen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Montalban-Bravo G, Huang X, Naqvi K, Jabbour E, Borthakur G, DiNardo CD, Pemmaraju N, Cortes J, Verstovsek S, Kadia T, Daver N, Wierda W, Alvarado Y, Konopleva M, Ravandi F, Estrov Z, Jain N, Alfonso A, Brandt M, Sneed T, Chen HC, Yang H, Bueso-Ramos C, Pierce S, Estey E, Bohannan Z, Kantarjian HM, Garcia-Manero G. Erratum: A clinical trial for patients with acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes not eligible for standard clinical trials. Leukemia 2017; 31:1659. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Abstract
A review on additive manufacturing (AM) applied to heterogeneous catalysis reveals enabling power of AM and challenges to overcome in chemical interfacing and material printability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hurt
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing
- RMIT University
- Australia
| | - M. Brandt
- Centre for Additive Manufacturing
- RMIT University
- Australia
| | - S. S. Priya
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- RMIT University
- Australia
| | - T. Bhatelia
- CSIRO: Clayton Site
- Australia
- CSIRO Energy
- Kensington WA 6151
- Australia
| | | | - PR. Selvakannan
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- RMIT University
- Australia
| | - S. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC)
- RMIT University
- Australia
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48
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Jakobsen MD, Sundstrup E, Brandt M, Andersen LL. Factors affecting pain relief in response to physical exercise interventions among healthcare workers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 27:1854-1863. [PMID: 28028866 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify factors associated with musculo-skeletal pain reduction during workplace-based or home-based physical exercise interventions among healthcare workers. Two hundred female healthcare workers (age: 42.0, BMI: 24.1, average pain intensity: 3.1 on a scale of 0-10) from three hospitals participated. Participants were randomly allocated at the cluster level (18 departments) to 10 weeks of (i) workplace physical exercise (WORK) performed in groups during working hours for 5 × 10 minutes per week and up to five group-based coaching sessions on motivation for regular physical exercise, or (ii) home-based physical exercise (HOME) performed alone during leisure-time for 5 × 10 minutes per week. Linear mixed models accounting for cluster identified factors affecting pain reduction. On average 2.2 (SD: 1.1) and 1.0 (SD: 1.2) training sessions were performed per week in WORK and HOME, respectively. The multi-adjusted analysis showed a significant effect on pain reduction of both training adherence (P=.04) and intervention group (P=.04) with participants in WORK experiencing greater reductions compared with HOME. Obesity at baseline was associated with better outcome. Leisure-time exercise, daily patient transfer, age, and chronic pain did not affect the changes in pain. In conclusion, even when adjusted for training adherence, performing physical exercise at the workplace is more effective than home-based exercise in reducing musculo-skeletal pain in healthcare workers. Noteworthy, obese individuals may especially benefit from physical exercise interventions targeting musculo-skeletal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Jakobsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E Sundstrup
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Brandt
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Physical Activity and Human Performance group, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - L L Andersen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Science and Technology, Physical Activity and Human Performance group, SMI, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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49
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Trautmann M, Wendel V, Prinz D, Primmel B, Willging G, Nagorsen E, Suckert A, Gehm S, Brandt M, Ballay P, Godde B. Not only age but also tactile perception influences the preference for cosmetic creams applied to the forearm. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:344-350. [PMID: 27864955 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine whether and how age as well as tactile sensitivity and perception had an impact on how women liked richer and lighter creams. Furthermore, the question arose if age and tactile perception had an influence on the ability to distinguish between the creams and how the ability to distinguish between creams influenced the liking of these creams. METHODS A total of 299 female participants were invited to rate how much they liked four different cosmetic creams applied to their forearms. The creams were based on the same base formula but differed with respect to the texture. In order to arouse the impression of more lightness (quasi-light) or more richness (quasi-rich), polyethylene particles of different sizes were added to the base formula. First of all, the participants were tested for their tactile sensitivity and perception. Tactile sensitivity was tested by Von Frey filaments, tactile spatial perception by the tactile Landolt ring test and the ability to discriminate surface structures by a sandpaper test. Furthermore, the participants rated the creams with respect to the acceptance, the subjective skin feeling after application and performed paired-comparison tests. Analyses of variance and regression analyses were applied to the data. RESULTS In general, participants liked quasi-rich creams less than quasi-light creams. However, older women compared to younger women and women with lower tactile performance in comparison with women with higher tactile performance revealed a weaker influence of cream type-specific acceptance ratings. Further results revealed that young participants perceived the quasi-light creams (with particles of ~50 μm diameter) as soft and quasi-rich creams (with particles of ~100 μm and ~165 μm diameter), as coarse. In contrast, this subjective skin feeling after application in participants at age 50 and older did not differ much. CONCLUSION Age and tactile perceptual abilities have additive effects on the acceptance of creams with different textures when applied to the forearm.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Trautmann
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, 28759, Germany
| | - V Wendel
- BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Henkelstraße 67, Duesseldorf-Holthausen, 40589, Germany
| | - D Prinz
- BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Henkelstraße 67, Duesseldorf-Holthausen, 40589, Germany
| | - B Primmel
- Beiersdorf AG, Unnastraße 48, Hamburg, 20245, Germany
| | - G Willging
- SAM Sensory and Marketing International GmbH, Oetztaler Strasse 1, München, 81373, Germany
| | - E Nagorsen
- REWE Group Buying GmbH, Domstraße 20, Köln, 50668, Germany
| | - A Suckert
- BASF Personal Care and Nutrition GmbH, Henkelstraße 67, Duesseldorf-Holthausen, 40589, Germany
| | - S Gehm
- Ashland Industries Deutschland GmbH, Paul-Thomas-Straße 56, Düsseldorf, 40599, Germany
| | - M Brandt
- proDERM Institut für Angewandte Dermatologische Forschung GmbH, Kiebitzweg 2, Schenefeld/Hamburg, 22869, Germany
| | - P Ballay
- isi GmbH, Ascherberg 2, Rosdorf (Göttingen), 37124, Germany
| | - B Godde
- Department of Psychology and Methods, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, Bremen, 28759, Germany
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50
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Schmauder S, Brandt M, Werner A. Das CADASIL-Syndrom als Differentialdiagnose eines postpartalen HELLP-Syndroms. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1583563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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