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Selvan MT, Ramesh M, Sahayaraj AF, Prabu HJ, Nagarajan KJ. Extraction and characterization of novel fibers from Tecoma stans Linn bark for use as reinforcement in polymer composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132492. [PMID: 38763245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Embarking on a pioneering investigation, this study unravels the extraordinary qualities of Tecoma stans Fibers (TSFs), freshly harvested from the rachis, establishing them as prospective reinforcements for biocomposites. Delving into their intricate characteristics, TSFs exhibit a unique fusion of physical resilience, with a density of 1.81 ± 0.39 g/cc and a diameter of 234.12 ± 7.63 μm. Complementing their physical prowess, their chemical composition boasts a harmonious blend of cellulose (70.1 ± 9.06 wt%), hemicellulose (13.56 ± 4.29 wt%), lignin (7.62 ± 2.39 wt%), moisture (4.21 ± 1.56 wt%), wax (2.37 ± 0.63 wt%), and ash (1.25 ± 0.36 wt%). In the realm of mechanical strength, TSFs showcase an impressive tensile strength of 639 ± 18.47 MPa, coupled with a robust strain at failure of 1.75 ± 0.13 % and a Young Modulus of 36.51 ± 1.96 GPa. Unveiling their crystalline intricacies, these fibers reveal a microfibril angle of 14.66 ± 0.15°, a crystalline index (CI) of 63.83 %, and a crystallite size (CS) of 9.27 nm. Beyond their mechanical marvels, TSFs exhibit unwavering thermal stability, enduring temperatures up to 297.36 °C, with a Tmax reaching an impressive 392.09 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamil Selvan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641402, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Felix Sahayaraj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore 641402, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - H Joy Prabu
- Department of Physics, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K J Nagarajan
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 625015, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang X, Chen X, Li Y, Mangeri J, Zhang H, Ramesh M, Taghinejad H, Meisenheimer P, Caretta L, Susarla S, Jain R, Klewe C, Wang T, Chen R, Hsu CH, Harris I, Husain S, Pan H, Yin J, Shafer P, Qiu Z, Rodrigues DR, Heinonen O, Vasudevan D, Íñiguez J, Schlom DG, Salahuddin S, Martin LW, Analytis JG, Ralph DC, Cheng R, Yao Z, Ramesh R. Manipulating chiral spin transport with ferroelectric polarization. Nat Mater 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01854-8. [PMID: 38622325 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01854-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A magnon is a collective excitation of the spin structure in a magnetic insulator and can transmit spin angular momentum with negligible dissipation. This quantum of a spin wave has always been manipulated through magnetic dipoles (that is, by breaking time-reversal symmetry). Here we report the experimental observation of chiral spin transport in multiferroic BiFeO3 and its control by reversing the ferroelectric polarization (that is, by breaking spatial inversion symmetry). The ferroelectrically controlled magnons show up to 18% modulation at room temperature. The spin torque that the magnons in BiFeO3 carry can be used to efficiently switch the magnetization of adjacent magnets, with a spin-torque efficiency comparable to the spin Hall effect in heavy metals. Utilizing such controllable magnon generation and transmission in BiFeO3, an all-oxide, energy-scalable logic is demonstrated composed of spin-orbit injection, detection and magnetoelectric control. Our observations open a new chapter of multiferroic magnons and pave another path towards low-dissipation nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xianzhe Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - John Mangeri
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hongrui Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Peter Meisenheimer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lucas Caretta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sandhya Susarla
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Rakshit Jain
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Klewe
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tianye Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Hsiang Hsu
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Harris
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sajid Husain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yin
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Padraic Shafer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ziqiang Qiu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Davi R Rodrigues
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Olle Heinonen
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Dilip Vasudevan
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Íñiguez
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sayeef Salahuddin
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - James G Analytis
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- CIFAR Quantum Materials, CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel C Ralph
- Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ramamoorthy Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Ramesh M, Umamatheswari S, Vivek PM, Sankar C, Jayavel R. Synthesis of silver‑bismuth oxide encapsulated hydrazone functionalized chitosan (AgBi 2O 3/FCS) nanocomposite for electrochemical sensing of glucose, H 2O 2 and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130533. [PMID: 38428782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work, silver‑bismuth oxide encapsulated 1,3,5-triazine-bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-hydrazone functionalized chitosan (SBO/FCS) nanocomposite was synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The amine (-NH2) group was functionalized by the addition of cyanuric acid chloride followed by 4-methylbenzenesulfonol hydrazide. The SBO/FCS has been characterized by FT-IR, X-ray diffraction, XPS, HR-SEM, HR-TEM, AFM, and thermogravimetry (TGA). Under the optimum conditions, the SBO/FCS sensor showed brilliant electrochemical accomplishment for the sensing of glucose and H2O2 by a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.057 μM and 0.006 μM. It also showed linearity for glucose 0.008-4.848 mM and for H2O2 of 0.01-6.848 mM. Similarly, the sensor exhibited a low sensitivity to glucose (32 μA mM-1 cm-2) and a good sensitivity to H2O2 (295 μA mM-1 cm-2). In addition, that the prepared electrode could be used to sense the glucose and H2O2 levels in real samples such as blood serum and HeLa cell lines. The screen printed electrode (SPE) immunosensor could sense the E. coli O157:H7 concurrently and quantitatively with a linear range of 1.0 × 101-1.0 × 109 CFU mL-1 and a LOD of 4 CFU mL-1. Likewise, the immunosensor efficiently detect spiked E. coli O157:H7 in milk, chicken, and pork samples, with recoveries ranging from 89.70 to 104.72 %, demonstrating that the immunosensor was accurate and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramesh
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620 022, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Umamatheswari
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli 620 022, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - P M Vivek
- Department of Chemistry, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed University), Chennai 600 062, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Velammal College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai 625 009, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - R Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zeebul Trinita Shannan P, Suganya SG, Angel Jemima E, Ramesh M. In vitro anticancer activity of Hirudinaria manillensis methanolic extract and its validation using in silico molecular docking approach. Med Oncol 2024; 41:88. [PMID: 38491315 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer has emerged as a potentially lethal illness, which recently upsurged in the mortality rate. Animal-derived compounds could be promising targets with higher efficacy and low toxicity in anticancer therapy. The present study aimed to explore the presence of anticancer potential compounds in Hirudinaria manillensis methanolic extract and their anticancer potential against various cancer cell types and target identification by Auto dock method. Initially, the identification of bioactive compounds was achieved by GC-MS analysis followed by the anticancer activity by MTT assay against A549, HeLa, MDA-MB-231, MG-63, and MOLT-4. Further, the effect of a lead compound on the cancer cell target was analyzed by the Auto dock method. GC-MS analysis results revealed the presence of 25 different bioactive compounds including anticancer potential compounds, such as Lupeol, Carvacrol, and Demecolcine. Interestingly, MTT assay results demonstrated the anticancer potential of Hirudinaria manillensis extract (LE) against various cancer cell lines, such as A549 (54.60 µg/ml), HeLa (19.93 µg/ml), MDA-MB-231 (20.23 µg/ml), MG-63 (20.04 µg/ml), and MOLT-4 (171.8 µg/ml), respectively. Among these cell types, the maximum inhibition was observed against HeLa with the IC50 concentration of 19.93 µg/ml. Furthermore, Demecolcine compound was docked with the EGFR tyrosine kinase showed the binding affinity of the docked complex was predicted to be - 6.2 kcal/mol. Thus, we conclude that H. manillensis has a significant anticancer effect on human cancer cell lines and could be used as a natural target which paves the way for further studies on biomedical applications in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zeebul Trinita Shannan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Bishop Heber College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620017, India
| | - Susan G Suganya
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Bishop Heber College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620017, India.
| | - E Angel Jemima
- Department of Biotechnology, Trichy Research Institute of Biotechnology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College, Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620017, India
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Qian J, Ramesh M. Strengthening primary health care in China: governance and policy challenges. Health Econ Policy Law 2024; 19:57-72. [PMID: 37846025 DOI: 10.1017/s1744133123000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary care is often the weakest link in health systems despite its acknowledged central importance in promoting population's health at economical cost. A key reason for the lacunae is that both scholars and practitioners working on the subject typically underestimate the enormity of the task and the range of complementary measures required to build an effective primary care system. The objective of the paper is to highlight theoretical gaps and practical limitations to strengthening primary care. The challenges and difficulties are illustrated through a case study of China where primary care continues to struggle despite the government's strong political, financial and policy support in recent years. In this paper, we review the development of primary health care in China and how it is governed, provided, and financed, highlighting the gaps and misalignments that undermine its performance. We argue that governance deficiencies coupled with flawed financing and payments arrangements are major impediments to improving performance. China's experience offers valuable lessons for other governments seeking to strengthen primary health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Qian
- East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Ramesh
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Rajeshkumar L, Kumar PS, Ramesh M, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S. Assessment of biodegradation of lignocellulosic fiber-based composites - A systematic review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127237. [PMID: 37804890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic fiber-reinforced polymer composites are the most extensively used modern-day materials with low density and better specific strength specifically developed to render better physical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Synthetic fiber-reinforced composites face some serious issues like low biodegradability, non-environmentally friendly, and low disposability. Lignocellulosic or natural fiber-reinforced composites, which are developed from various plant-based fibers and animal-based fibers are considered potential substitutes for synthetic fiber composites because they are characterized by lightweight, better biodegradability, and are available at low cost. It is very much essential to study end-of-life (EoL) conditions like biodegradability for the biocomposites which occur commonly after their service life. During biodegradation, the physicochemical arrangement of the natural fibers, the environmental conditions, and the microbial populations, to which the natural fiber composites are exposed, play the most influential factors. The current review focuses on a comprehensive discussion of the standards and assessment methods of biodegradation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions on a laboratory scale. This review is expected to serve the materialists and technologists who work on the EoL behaviour of various materials, particularly in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites to apply these standards and test methods to various classes of biocomposites for developing sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rajeshkumar
- Centre for Machining and Materials Testing, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Sathish Kumar
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M R Sanjay
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Suchart Siengchin
- Natural Composites Research Group Lab, Department of Materials and Production Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Bangkok, Thailand
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Vargila F, Bai SMM, Mary JVJ, Ramesh M. Antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of hemolymph lectin (NagLec) isolated from the freshwater crab, Oziotelphusanaga. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 141:109001. [PMID: 37597641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Lectins are non-immune glycoproteins or proteins having a unique capacity to interact with carbohydrate ligands found on the surface of their host cells. In the present investigation, the lectin was purified from the hemolymph of freshwater crab, Oziotelphusa naga and its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity was analysed. The preliminary characterization of the hemagglutinin was carried out to identify the erythrocyte and sugar specificity, optimum pH and temperature and cation dependency. The agglutinin was found to be highly specific to rabbit erythrocyte and inhibited by fetuin and α-lactose. Maximum hemagglutination activity was noted at pH 7.5-8 and temperature 20-40 °C. An O-acetyl sialic acid specific 75 kDa hemolymph lectin, designated as NagLec was isolated from the freshwater crab, Oziotelphusa naga by affinity chromatography on fetuin coupled Sepharose 4 B, with a purification fold of 185. The bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis and fungus Candida albicans had the greatest zone of inhibition when treated with NagLec. The results of the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays showed that the purified lectin inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at 0.031 and 0.065 μg/ml, which proved the bactericidal property of NagLec. NagLec generated alterations on the bacterial cells and led to protein leakage, which was dosage (24 and 48 μg/ml) and time dependent (10-40 min). COX and LOX enzyme was inhibited to 49.43% and 61.81% with 100 μg/ml concentration of NagLec respectively, demonstrating NagLec's ability to reduce inflammation. Furthermore, NagLec (500 μg) suppressed protein denaturation up to 77.12% whereas diclofenac sodium (a standard drug) was inhibited by 89.36%. The results indicate that NagLec, a sialic acid specific lectin isolated from the freshwater crab O. naga could be formulated as a nano drug in future owing to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential that could be targeted to specific pathogenic microbes and treat arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vargila
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Mary Mettilda Bai
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Vinoliya Josephine Mary
- Department of Zoology, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, 627 012, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ravisankar N, Sarathi N, Maruthavanan T, Ramasundaram S, Ramesh M, Sankar C, Umamatheswari S, Kanthimathi G, Oh TH. Synthesis, antimycobacterial screening, molecular docking, ADMET prediction and pharmacological evaluation on novel pyran-4-one bearing hydrazone, triazole and isoxazole moieties: Potential inhibitors of SARS CoV-2. J Mol Struct 2023; 1285:135461. [PMID: 37041803 PMCID: PMC10062711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory infection tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its unrelenting spread caused millions of deaths around the world. Hence, it is needed to explore potential and less toxic anti-tubercular drugs. In the present work, we report the synthesis and antitubercular activity of four different (hydrazones 7-12, O-ethynyl oximes 19-24, triazoles 25-30, and isoxazoles 31-36) hybrids. Among these hybrids 9, 10, 33, and 34, displayed high antitubercular activity at 3.12 g/mL with >90% of inhibitions. The hybrids also showed good docking energies between -6.8 and -7.8 kcal/mol. Further, most active molecules were assayed for their DNA gyrase reduction ability towards M. tuberculosis and E.coli DNA gyrase by the DNA supercoiling and ATPase gyrase assay methods. All four hybrids showed good IC50 values comparable to that of the reference drug. In addition, the targets were also predicted as a potential binder for papain-like protease (SARS CoV-2 PLpro) by molecular docking and a good interaction result was observed. Besides, all targets were predicted for their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion - toxicity (ADMET) profile and found a significant amount of ADMET and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ravisankar
- Department of Chemistry, Veltech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 062, India
| | - N Sarathi
- Department of Chemistry, GRT Institute of Engineering and Technology (Affiliated to Anna University), Tiruttani 631 209, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Maruthavanan
- Department of Chemistry, SONASTARCH, Sona College of Technology, Salem 636005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - M Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 022, India
| | - C Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM TRP Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 621 105, India
| | - S Umamatheswari
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Arts College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 022, India
| | - G Kanthimathi
- Department of Chemistry, Ramco Institue of Technology, Rajapalayam, Tamil Nadu 626 117, India
| | - Tae Hwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38436, Republic of Korea
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Ramesh M, Sankar C, Umamatheswari S, Raman RG, Jayavel R, Choi D, Ramu AG. Silver-functionalized bismuth oxide (AgBi 2O 3) nanoparticles for the superior electrochemical detection of glucose, NO 2- and H 2O 2. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20598-20609. [PMID: 37441044 PMCID: PMC10333811 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, silver-functionalized bismuth oxide (AgBi2O3) nanoparticles (SBO NPs) were successfully synthesized by a highly efficient hydrothermal method. The as-synthesized SBO nanoparticles were characterized using FT-IR, P-XRD, XPS, HR-SEM, and HR-TEM analytical methods. It was found that the NPs were in spherical shape and hexagonal crystal phase. The newly prepared SBO electrode was further utilized for the detection of glucose, NO2- and H2O2 by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric methods. The electrodes exhibited high sensitivity (2.153 μA mM-1 cm-2 for glucose, 22 μA mM-1 cm-2 for NO2- and 1.72 μA mM-1 cm-2 for H2O2), low LOD (0.87 μM for glucose, 2.8 μM for NO2- and 1.15 μM for H2O2) and quick response time (3 s for glucose, 2 s for both NO2- and H2O2 respectively). The sensor exhibited outstanding selectivity despite the presence of various interferences. The developed sensor exhibited good repeatability, reproducibility, and stability. In addition, the sensor was used to measure glucose, H2O2 in human serum, and NO2- in milk and river water samples, demonstrating its potential for use in the real sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramesh
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli 620 022 Tamil Nadu India +91-8438288510
| | - C Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM TRP Engineering College Tiruchirappalli 621 105 Tamil Nadu India
| | - S Umamatheswari
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University) Tiruchirappalli 620 022 Tamil Nadu India +91-8438288510
| | - R Ganapathi Raman
- Department of Physics, Saveetha Engineering College Thandalam Chennai-602 105 India
| | - R Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University Chennai 600025 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Dongjin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University 2639-Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup Sejong-City 30016 South Korea +82-1094126765
| | - A G Ramu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University 2639-Sejong-ro, Jochiwon-eup Sejong-City 30016 South Korea +82-1094126765
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Manikandan S, Ramesh M, Yoithapprabhunath TR, Kandasamy K, Ponnusamy P, Vishnuvarthan A. A Cross-Sectional Study to Find the Correlation between the Level of Fluoride in Drinking Water, Dental Fluorosis and Associated Risk Factors- A Original Research. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2023; 15:S651-S655. [PMID: 37654382 PMCID: PMC10466609 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_24_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between drinking water fluoride (F) levels, dental fluorosis dental caries, and associated risk factors in the elderly population. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 50 patients aged 25-60 years, selected by stratified random sampling from different areas with different levels of naturally occurring F in drinking water. The patients were assessed for dental fluorosis according to WHO basic survey guidelines. The overall oral health status of the patients was assessed by decayed missing filled teeth DMFT index and the bacterial count of saliva was calculated using the Caries Risk Test (CRT). Statistical analysis was done using mean, standard deviation, standard error, Z-test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Chi-square test. Results The results of the present study revealed that the prevalence of fluorosis was 24%. The number of patients with dental fluorosis was highest in those who consumed water with high groundwater fluoride levels irrespective of the source of drinking water. Caries prevalence in the study population was about 5.56 ± 1.95. Conclusion There was a moderate prevalence of fluorosis in patients, and caries prevalence is high in areas below optimal F areas. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT scores were least common in patients with optimal fluoride levels in drinking water and highest in those with below optimal fluoride in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Manikandan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Oral Pathology Vinayaka Mission’s Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission’s Research Foundation - Deemed to be University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kiruthika Kandasamy
- Department of Microbiology, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyadharsana Ponnusamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, RVS Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aparna Vishnuvarthan
- Department of Dentistry, BDS Under Graduate Student, Vivekanandha Dental College for Women, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kumar VU, Kt MF, Sharma A, Bisht P, Dhingra S, Ravichandiran V, Ramesh M, Murti K. The Possible Role of Selected Vitamins and Minerals in the Therapeutic Outcomes of Leishmaniasis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1672-1688. [PMID: 35779182 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03311-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease declared as an endemic in areas suffering from severe malnutrition and poverty. The factors associated with poverty like low income, ecological factors, and malnutrition cause disruption in immunity and host defense increasing risk of infection. Altered resistance to infection and host susceptibility are associated with low micronutrient levels in undernourished patients. Malnutrition has been recognized as a poor predictive marker for leishmaniasis, in particular the deficiency of trace elements like zinc, iron, and vitamin A, B, C, D which has a prominent function in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, cell proliferation, human physiology, etc. Malnourishment can exacerbate host sensitivity and pathophysiologic intensity to infection in variety of ways, whereas infection can enhance underlying poor nutrition or enhance host vulnerability and sandfly's urge to attack specific hosts. The intensity of leishmaniasis can be influenced by body mass and micronutrient availability in the blood. Vitamin D, C, zinc, and iron are proved effective in inhibiting the growth of leishmaniasis in both amastigote or promastigote forms, either directly or by acting as precursor for a pathway which inhibits the parasite growth. This article elucidates a new perception to the crucial role of micronutrients and their probable role in the therapeutic outcomes of leishmaniasis. Since there is requirement of novel drugs to fight drug resistance and relapse of leishmaniasis, this article may pave way to understand the importance of micronutrients and their role in therapeutic outcomes of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Udaya Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Muhammed Favas Kt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ayush Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India
| | - V Ravichandiran
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, West Bengal, Kolkata, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy Mysuru, Karnataka, Bengaluru, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hajipur, Bihar, India.
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Rajiv D, Prem D, Ramesh M, Jacob M, Indrapriyadharshini K. Fluoride content in various types of tea used by tea stalls in Salem district - An in vitro cross sectional study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:328-332. [PMID: 37854930 PMCID: PMC10581318 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_346_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tea leaves are natural rich source of fluoride and are known as fluorine absorbants. It is consumed on large scale in India and thus needs to be monitored for its daily fluoride consumption by customers. Tea manufacturers should mention fluoride concentrations on the packages to avoid overdose through unknown consumption by consumers. Objectives To detect the levels of fluoride in tea at different periods of boiling and to compare the fluoride levels in various brands of tea at different periods of boiling. Methodology A survey was conducted in 25 tea stalls of Salem on the type of tea and time of boiling black tea. The five most common brands of tea will bought for the study. The stainless-steel vessel will be used in the methodology for boiling tea. Mettur water will be used for the preparation of black tea and 1 g of tea leaves to 100 ml of hot (~95°C) deionized water (1% w/v tea infusion) and allowed the mixture to stand for 5 min in a glass beaker. After 5 min, the infusions were filtered and again left standing until they are cooled to room temperature. All fluoride measurements will be completed within 4 h of the preparation of the infusion. About 2 min and 4 min boiling will be followed. The fluoride present in each brand of tea will be calculated from black tea prepared using 2-(parasulfophenylazo)-1,8-dihydroxy-3,6-naphthalene-disulfonate (SPADNS) calorimetric method. Results The distribution of mean score of fluoride level in tea powders available in tea shops of Salem when boiled in distilled water was (559.00 ± 112.12). The mean score of fluoride level in tea powders available in tea shops of Salem boiled in Mettur water was (689.05 ± 116.34). To test the significance of difference between the average fluoride in tea powders available in tea shops of Salem when boiled in distilled water and Mettur water, the independent t-test was used. the P value is <0.05, and hence, it is found that there is significant difference between the average fluoride in tea powders available in tea shops of Salem boiled in distilled water and Mettur water. Conclusion Thus, the study showed tea consists of significant amount of fluoride concentration that is consumed on daily basis. The study also evaluated fluoride concentration in tea preparations using different water. The study shows necessity for regulations of mentioning fluoride concentration on tea packs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rajiv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Ariyanoor, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diana Prem
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Ariyanoor, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Ariyanoor, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mathew Jacob
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Ariyanoor, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Indrapriyadharshini
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Ariyanoor, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramesh M, Mahesh K. Efficient key frame extraction and hybrid wavelet convolutional manta ray foraging for sports video classification. The Imaging Science Journal 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13682199.2023.2191539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Ramesh M, Sankar C, Umamatheswari S, Balamurugan J, Jayavel R, Gowran M. Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnZrO 2/chitosan (ZnZrO 2/CS) nanocomposite for highly sensitive detection of glucose and hydrogen peroxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:618-627. [PMID: 36481338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, pure ZnZrO2 and chitosan supported (ZnZrO2/CS) nanocomposite have been synthesized at low coast by hydrothermal method. FT-IR, Micro Raman, PXRD, HR-SEM-EDAX, HR-TEM, AFM, BET and XPS were used to analyze the structural and morphological properties of the fabricated nanocomposites. The fabricated ZnZrO2 and ZnZrO2/CS nanocomposites were measured for their electrocatalytic activity towards glucose and hydrogen peroxide determinations. The ZnZrO2/CS sensor exhibited wide detection range (5 μM to 5.85 mM), high sensitivity (6.78 μA mM-1 cm-2), LOD (2.31 μM), and long-term stability for glucose detection in alkaline solution. Also, as a multifunctional electrochemical sensor, ZnZrO2/CS sensor exhibits excellent sensing ability towards hydrogen peroxide, with a wide dynamic range (20 μM to 6.85 mM), a high sensitivity (2.22 μA mM-1 cm-2), and a LOD (2.08 μM) (S/N = 3). The electrochemical measurement shows that the ZnZrO2/CS sensor has excellent catalytic activity and a much LOD than ZnZrO2. The modified electrode showed excellent anti interference nature. Furthermore, this ZnZrO2/CS electrode was used to detection of glucose and H2O2 in human blood serum and HeLa cells respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli - 620 022, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, SRM TRP Engineering College, Tiruchirappalli - 621 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Umamatheswari
- Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli - 620 022, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - J Balamurugan
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - R Jayavel
- Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai - 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Gowran
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai - 60002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rajeshkumar L, Ramesh M, Bhuvaneswari V, Balaji D, Deepa C. Synthesis and thermo-mechanical properties of bioplastics and biocomposites: A systematic review. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3307-3337. [PMID: 36971198 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials research relating to bio-based polymers and composites has become the order of the day and several researches are being undertaken on these materials. This is mainly due to the...
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rajeshkumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641402, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - V Bhuvaneswari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Balaji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C Deepa
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Coimbatore-641402, Tamil Nadu, India
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Regula P, Beronilla M, Jakubowicz H, Fizitskaya A, Ferastraoaru D, Ramesh M, Rosenstreich D, Hudes G. UNRECOGNIZED PARASITIC INFECTION AS A CAUSE OF PERSISTENT EOSINOPHILIA IN AN INNER-CITY ALLERGY CLINIC POPULATION. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kavle P, Zorn JA, Dasgupta A, Wang B, Ramesh M, Chen LQ, Martin LW. Strain-Driven Mixed-Phase Domain Architectures and Topological Transitions in Pb 1- x Sr x TiO 3 Thin Films. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2203469. [PMID: 35917499 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The potential for creating hierarchical domain structures, or mixtures of energetically degenerate phases with distinct patterns that can be modified continually, in ferroelectric thin films offers a pathway to control their mesoscale structure beyond lattice-mismatch strain with a substrate. Here, it is demonstrated that varying the strontium content provides deterministic strain-driven control of hierarchical domain structures in Pb1- x Srx TiO3 solid-solution thin films wherein two types, c/a and a1 /a2 , of nanodomains can coexist. Combining phase-field simulations, epitaxial thin-film growth, detailed structural, domain, and physical-property characterization, it is observed that the system undergoes a gradual transformation (with increasing strontium content) from droplet-like a1 /a2 domains in a c/a domain matrix, to a connected-labyrinth geometry of c/a domains, to a disconnected labyrinth structure of the same, and, finally, to droplet-like c/a domains in an a1 /a2 domain matrix. A relationship between the different mixed-phase modulation patterns and its topological nature is established. Annealing the connected-labyrinth structure leads to domain coarsening forming distinctive regions of parallel c/a and a1 /a2 domain stripes, offering additional design flexibility. Finally, it is found that the connected-labyrinth domain patterns exhibit the highest dielectric permittivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kavle
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jacob A Zorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Arvind Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Karun A, Kaur RJ, Charan J, Murti K, Ramesh M, Ravichandiran V, Dhingra S. Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Resistance in Paediatric Population: a Narrative Review. Curr Pharmacol Rep 2022; 8:365-375. [PMID: 35789932 PMCID: PMC9244284 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-022-00298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Irrational use of antimicrobials has been reported in paediatric population during the COVID-19 time period. This may lead to potential development of antimicrobial resistance and increased morbidity and mortality among this vulnerable population. The purpose of this review is to ascertain the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antimicrobial resistance among paediatrics and the possible strategies to minimize the menace of antimicrobial resistance. Recent Findings Recent findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has direct as well as indirect impact on the development of antimicrobial resistance among paediatric population. Summary This review article shows the impact of COVID-19 on the development of antimicrobial resistance and strategies to prevent it with special reference to antimicrobial stewardship programmes among paediatric population.
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Ramesh M, Rajeshkumar L, Balaji D, Bhuvaneswari V. Sustainable and renewable nanobiocomposites for sensors and actuators: a review on preparation and performance. CURR ANAL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411018666220421112916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Nano-materials derived from sustainable and biodegradable polymers, are the most attractive materials among the researchers. Polymeric nano-biocomposites (PNBCs) are a specific class of materials derived by combining nanosized fillers with polymer materials and the most commonly used nano-fillers were hydroxyapatite, organic or inorganic metal nanoparticles, clays and so on.
METHODS:
Many of the recent researches rendered its focus towards the utilization of biopolymer based hydrogel materials for the fabrication of analyte sensors and electrode modifiers owing to their high permeability nature and faster, mobilization of electrons. Such biopolymer hydrogelutilize newer printing methods in electrode prototyping, which renders portable, flexible, and advanced bioelectronics sensor with high performance characteristics. Few researchers have also stated the use of polyaniline reinforced biocomposites for the fabrication of electro-chemical sensors and actuators because of their advantageous properties, which makes them a potential material choice for electronics applications.
RESULTS:
Nano-particles of polyaniline were proved to improve the detection limit and sensitivity of the sensor even when used for recognizing a single molecules. Bionanocomposites possess excellent thermo-mechanical properties in the designed nanocomposite, even at low nanoparticle concentrations. In fact, these materials have high hardness and stability, giving rise to excellent mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanoparticles into a biopolymeric matrix enhanced its electrical conductivity, barrier properties, and consistency. Also, the powerful interaction between biopolymers and functional groups of nanoparticles increased the strength of bio-nanocomposites.
CONCLUSION:
Nanobiocomposites based biosensors were found to possess high specificity, sensitivity, and wider target spectrum. Current review deals with the use of sustainable and renewable biocomposites for the preparation of biosensors and actuators, their properties like sensitivity, limit of detection, advantages over the synthetic material and environmental hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramesh
- KIT-Kalaignarkarunanidhi Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu,
| | - L. Rajeshkumar
- KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Tamil Nadu,
| | - D. Balaji
- KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology,
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Samaksha PB, Kishor M, Ramesh M. A novel study on clinical pharmacist and psychiatrist collaborative pharmacotherapy management services among elderly population with psychiatric illness. Indian J Psychiatry 2022; 64:20-24. [PMID: 35400748 PMCID: PMC8992754 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_379_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geriatric psychiatry has yet to receive its due recognition in India. There is increasing evidence of a rise in morbidity, mortality, hospitalization, and loss of functional status related to common mental disorders in the elderly patients. Collaborative care approach, including a clinical pharmacist, is one of the possible approaches to cope with geriatric patients with psychiatric patients. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the impact of pharmacotherapy management of geriatric patients in collaboration with pharmacist and psychiatrist. MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective interventional study was conducted in the psychiatry outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in Mysore over 6 months. Geriatric patients who were newly diagnosed with depression, bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and alcohol dependency syndrome (ADS) were included in this study. The clinical pharmacist scrutinized the patients for their participation in the study. Included patients were followed up on monthly basis for up to 4 months. Pharmacotherapy management was provided to the enrolled patients. Interventions provided were discussed with the psychiatrist. Descriptive analysis was performed for categorical variables. RESULTS A total of 84 geriatric patients were enrolled in the study. Majority of the enrolled patients were female (n = 46, 54.7%). Nearly half of the patients were illiterate (n = 40, 47.6%) and unemployed (n = 38, 45.2%). Among the enrolled patients, half of the study participants were diagnosed with depression (63.09%) followed by BPAD (27.38%), Schizophrenia (7.14%), and ADS (2.38%). A total of 155 medication information services were provided to 84 patients including patient counseling (n = 84, 100%), pharmacist interventions (n = 48, 30.96%) and medication information (n = 23, 14.83%). Most of the interventions were adverse drug reactions followed by drug-drug interactions, failure to receive drugs, untreated indication, subtherapeutic dose, drug use without indication, and overdose. Majority of the interventions (n = 46, 95.8%) provided were accepted by the psychiatrist. CONCLUSION The study findings indicate that pharmacotherapy management services provided by the clinical pharmacist in collaboration with the psychiatrist benefited the geriatric psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Samaksha
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS AHER, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Kishor
- Department of Psychiatry, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS AHER, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS AHER, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
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Acharya M, Banyas E, Ramesh M, Jiang Y, Fernandez A, Dasgupta A, Ling H, Hanrahan B, Persson K, Neaton JB, Martin LW. Exploring the Pb 1- x Sr x HfO 3 System and Potential for High Capacitive Energy Storage Density and Efficiency. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2105967. [PMID: 34599789 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The hafnate perovskites PbHfO3 (antiferroelectric) and SrHfO3 ("potential" ferroelectric) are studied as epitaxial thin films on SrTiO3 (001) substrates with the added opportunity of observing a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in the Pb1- x Srx HfO3 system. The resulting (240)-oriented PbHfO3 (Pba2) films exhibited antiferroelectric switching with a saturation polarization ≈53 µC cm-2 at 1.6 MV cm-1 , weak-field dielectric constant ≈186 at 298 K, and an antiferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition at ≈518 K. (002)-oriented SrHfO3 films exhibited neither ferroelectric behavior nor evidence of a polar P4mm phase . Instead, the SrHfO3 films exhibited a weak-field dielectric constant ≈25 at 298 K and no signs of a structural transition to a polar phase as a function of temperature (77-623 K) and electric field (-3 to 3 MV cm-1 ). While the lack of ferroelectric order in SrHfO3 removes the potential for MPB, structural and property evolution of the Pb1- x Srx HfO3 (0 ≤ x < 1) system is explored. Strontium alloying increased the electric-breakdown strength (EB ) and decreased hysteresis loss, thus enhancing the capacitive energy storage density (Ur ) and efficiency (η). The composition, Pb0.5 Sr0.5 HfO3 produced the best combination of EB = 5.12 ± 0.5 MV cm-1 , Ur = 77 ± 5 J cm-3 , and η = 97 ± 2%, well out-performing PbHfO3 and other antiferroelectric oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Acharya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ella Banyas
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yizhe Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Abel Fernandez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Arvind Dasgupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Handong Ling
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Kristin Persson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Neaton
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lane W Martin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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Goodman B, Ramesh M. M240 ANAPHYLAXIS TO GINGER. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Regula P, Ramesh M. M242 ADULT-ONSET MILK ALLERGY. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ramesh M, Anand K, Shahbaaz M, Abdellattif MH. Current Perspectives in the Discovery of Newer Medications Against the Outbreak of COVID-19. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:648232. [PMID: 34322517 PMCID: PMC8310954 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.648232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and increasing spread of COVID-19 pandemic disease has been perceived worldwide in 2020. The current COVID-19 disease outbreak is due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of coronavirus that has spike protein on the envelope. The spike protein of the virus binds with the ACE-2 receptor of the human lungs surface for entering into the host. Therefore, the blocking of viral entry into the host by targeting the spike protein has been suggested to be a valid strategy to treat COVID-19. The patients of COVID-19 were found to be asymptomatic, cold, mild to severe respiratory illness, and leading to death. The severe illness has been noted mainly in old age people, cardiovascular disease patients, and respiratory disease patients. However, the long-term health effects due to COVID-19 are not yet known. Recently, the vaccines were authorized to protect from COVID-19. However, the researchers have put an effort to discover suitable targets and newer medications in the form of small molecules or peptides, based on in-silico methods and synthetic approaches. This manuscript describes the current perspectives of the causative agent, diagnostic procedure, therapeutic targets, treatment, clinical trials, and development of potential clinical candidates of COVID-19. The study will be useful to identify the potential newer medications for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Omega College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnan Anand
- Department of Chemical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Mohd Shahbaaz
- South African Medical Research Council Bioinformatics Unit, South African National Bioinformatics Institute, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Ishtiyak M, Jana S, Karthikeyan R, Ramesh M, Tripathy B, Malladi SK, Niranjan MK, Prakash J. Syntheses of five new layered quaternary chalcogenides SrScCuSe3, SrScCuTe3, BaScCuSe3, BaScCuTe3, and BaScAgTe3: crystal structures, thermoelectric properties, and electronic structures. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00717c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Five new layered transition metal-based chalcogenides (SrScCuSe3, SrScCuTe3, BaScCuSe3, BaScCuTe3, and BaScAgTe3) were discovered by the exploratory solid-state method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Ishtiyak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Subhendu Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - R. Karthikeyan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - M. Ramesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Bikash Tripathy
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Sairam K. Malladi
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Manish K. Niranjan
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
| | - Jai Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, Telangana 502285, India
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Arunnair V, Kumaraswamy G, Ramesh M. Pattern of Drug Utilisation in the Management of Hyperpigmentary Disorders in a Tertiary Care Hospital- An Observational Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2021. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2021/44461.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Hyperpigmentary disorders, a common skin disorder affecting individuals with darker skin especially Asians, Blacks, Hispanics and American Indians, has a great impact on patient’s Quality of Life (QOL) with physical distress and psychological impact, and studies have shown that there is an improvement in QOL after treatment. The topical medications include sunscreens, demelanising agents, immunomodulators like tacrolimus, retinoids and Glucocorticoids (GCs). Systemic therapy includes GCs and antioxidants. Physical therapy includes chemical peels, microderma abrasion, Laser and light therapies and mesotherapy. Aim: To determine the pattern of drug use in hyperpigmentary disorders, to assess the tolerability of therapy and to analyse the effect of hyperpigmentary disorders of skin to the prescribed medications on the QOL before and after treatment. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted on 102 newly diagnosed and untreated participants with hyperpigmentary disorders, who attended Dermatology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital, Bangalore, India. The pattern of drug therapy, route of administration and Adverse Events (AEs) to the therapy was documented and analysed using descriptive statistics. The QOL using Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was assessed before and after treatment using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The patients were monitored every 30 days for three months to study the appropriateness, changing trends in prescription pattern, tolerability and QOL. Results: A total of 102 participants were enrolled for the study. The mean age was 33.71±10.68 years in males and 34.07±10.27 years in females. The different classes of drugs used were demelanising agents, sunscreens, antifibrinolytics, calcineurin inhibitors, keratolytics, glucocorticoids. The number ranged from 2-4 drugs per participant with a mean of 3.01±1.01. A significant improvement in the QOL was observed after treatment (p-value <0.01). Most of the AEs were self limiting except a few (acneiform eruption, rosacea) which were topical GCs induced. Conclusion: The individualised prescription pattern by treating physician was in concurrence with the standard line of therapy as they fulfilled the desired objectives. Hydroquinone (HQ), tranexamic acid and triple formula were the mainstay of treatment. The QOL improved after treatment.
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Puvvada RK, Gupta S, Tang CY, N Althubyani A, Jois M, Higgs P, Ramesh M, Thomas J. Factors affecting self-medication practices among people living with type 2 diabetes in India- A systematic review. Metabol Open 2020; 9:100073. [PMID: 33364596 PMCID: PMC7753190 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-medication practices of type 2 diabetes in India include the use of both traditional and western medications. It is important to understand the factors influencing self-medication. A total of 3257 studies were screened and nine studies (six quantitative and three qualitative) were included. The Hawker tool and Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool were used to assess the quality of studies. The findings of the quantitative studies were descriptively analysed while thematic analysis was performed to identify key themes from the qualitative studies. The analysis indicated that participants had greater trust in traditional medications regardless of their socioeconomic and/or educational backgrounds as these were often recommended by friends and family members. Low cost, ease of availability and perceived lower side effects of traditional medications were some of the factors contributing to greater trust. It is suggested that ongoing management of type 2 diabetes requires stringent policies and regulations in the dispensing of traditional and western medications. Continual education to inform people on the use of self-medications and its possible adverse effects is also required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Krishna Puvvada
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sabrina Gupta
- Department of Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Clarice Y Tang
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Australia
- Department of Physiotherapy, Podiatry and Prosthetics and Orthotics, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Anwar N Althubyani
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Peter Higgs
- Department of Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - M. Ramesh
- JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jency Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Australia
- Corresponding author. Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Kavithaa K, Paulpandi M, Balachandar V, Ramesh M, Narayanasamy A. Production and application of polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein. Development to rapid, highly sensitive diagnosis kit for early Corona viral detection among the population. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:10219-10221. [PMID: 33090431 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202010_23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a recently rising infection that causes a high death rate in contaminated individuals. Many of the individuals who are infected are unaware of the infection because they may be asymptomatic carriers of the virus.To early analyze the viral disease, we proposed advancement of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins-explicit polyclonal antibodies-based kit described in this specific circumstance. The tests, if made accessible from variety of makers, can help smooth out early immunodetection of the crown viral infection. The survey Safe and Patient Friendly Healthcare suggests early diagnosis as the key to patients recovering from this deadly ailment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kavithaa
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, TN, India.
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Capano G, Howlett M, Jarvis DSL, Ramesh M, Goyal N. Mobilizing Policy (In)Capacity to Fight COVID-19: Understanding Variations in State Responses. Policy Soc 2020; 39:285-308. [PMID: 35039722 PMCID: PMC8754710 DOI: 10.1080/14494035.2020.1787628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this collection of essays is to gain insights into the different national-level state responses to COVID-19 around the world and the conditions that shaped them. The pandemic offers a natural experiment wherein the policy problem governments faced was the same but the responses they made were different, creating opportunities for comparison of both the kinds of policy tools being used and the factors that accounted for their choice. Accordingly, after surveying on-line databases of policy tools used in the pandemic and subjecting these to topic modelling to reveal the characteristics of a 'standard' national pandemic response, we discuss the similarities and differences found in specific responses. This is done with reference to the nature and level of policy capacity of respective governments, highlighting the critical roles played by (in)adequate preparation and lesson-drawing from past experiences with similar outbreaks or crises. Taken together the articles show how the national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic were shaped by the opportunity and capacity each government had to learn from previous pandemics and their capacity to operationalize and build political support for the standard portfolio of policy measures deployed to deal with the crisis. However, they also show how other factors such as the nature of national leadership, the organization of government and civil society, and blindspots towards the vulnerabilities of certain population segments also helped to shape policy responses to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giliberto Capano
- University of Bologna, Italy
- CONTACT Giliberto Capano Department of Political and Social Sciences, Strada Maggiore 45, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - M Ramesh
- National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Jaganathan S, Ramesh M, Krishnan R. Perception, Knowledge, and Attitude of Problem-based Learning among Dental College Students in India: A Closed-ended Questionnaire Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2020; 12:S340-S344. [PMID: 33149483 PMCID: PMC7595478 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_376_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Problem-based learning (PBL) is mostly a student-centered learning method, and it is a new method used in medical and dental education all over the world. In India, PBL is a part of the learning process sparingly followed. Contrary to other institutions, PBL has been introduced in dental curriculum along with the traditional curriculum very recently. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the newly introduced PBL curriculum among the dental students using a closed-ended questionnaire on a five-point scale. Materials and Methods: The questionnaire on PBL was prepared in Google Forms, comprising 22 closed-ended questions on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). We carried out a pilot study in 10% of the target population to check validity and feasibility. Final study was conducted in the targeted population of 185 dental students who had undergone PBL sessions. Results: The responses for the questionnaire thus received from the students were compiled and analyzed using Google Forms software. Overall rating of PBL by the respondents was as follows. The majority of the student’s responses were agreed with 54.6% and a significant number of students strongly agreed with PBL at 33%. Conclusions: This study shows the responses of the students on aspects of group learning, imparting content knowledge, improvement of group skills, improvement of communication skills, and carrying out self-directed learning within the Indian context of dental health education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Krishnan
- Registrar pedodontics AFHSR, formerly Department of Pedodontics, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bharathi S, Kumaran S, Suresh G, Ramesh M, Thangamani V, Pugazhvendan S, Sathiyamurthy K. Extracellular synthesis of nanoselenium from fresh water bacteria Bacillus sp., and its validation of antibacterial and cytotoxic potential. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Ganju A, Goulart AC, Ray A, Majumdar A, Jeffers BW, Llamosa G, Cañizares H, Ramos-Cañizares IJ, Fadhil I, Subramaniam K, Lim LL, El Bizri L, Ramesh M, Guilford M, Ali R, Devi RD, Malik RA, Potkar S, Wang YP. Systemic Solutions for Addressing Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:693-707. [PMID: 32801732 PMCID: PMC7394587 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s252300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been on the rise in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) over the last few decades and represent a significant healthcare concern. Over 85% of "premature" deaths worldwide due to NCDs occur in the LMICs. NCDs are an economic burden on these countries, increasing their healthcare expenditure. However, targeting NCDs in LMICs is challenging due to evolving health systems and an emphasis on acute illness. The major issues include limitations with universal health coverage, regulations, funding, distribution and availability of the healthcare workforce, and availability of health data. Experts from across the health sector in LMICs formed a Think Tank to understand and examine the issues, and to offer potential opportunities that may address the rising burden of NCDs in these countries. This review presents the evidence and posits pragmatic solutions to combat NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amrit Ray
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anurita Majumdar
- Research, Development and Medical, Emerging Markets, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, Singapore
| | - Barrett W Jeffers
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria Llamosa
- Mexican Neurology and Psychiatry Society, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Henry Cañizares
- Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center, Cebu City, Philippines
| | | | | | - Kannan Subramaniam
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lee-Ling Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luna El Bizri
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - M Ramesh
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Raghib Ali
- Public Health Research Center, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ratna Duddi Devi
- Executive Office, DakshamA Health and Education, Gurgaon, India.,Board of Directors, International Alliance of Patient Organizations, London, England
| | | | - Shekhar Potkar
- Research, Development and Medical, Upjohn - a Pfizer Division, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yuan-Pang Wang
- Instituto de Psiquiatria (LIM-23), Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krishnan BR, Ramesh M, Selvakumar M, Karthick S, Sasikumar A, Geerthi DV, Senthilkumar N. A Facile Green Approach of Cone-like ZnO NSs Synthesized Via Jatropha gossypifolia Leaves Extract for Photocatalytic and Biological Activity. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-020-01576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Saravanakumar T, Selvaraju T, Bhojanaa KB, Ramesh M, Pandikumar A, Akilan R, Shankar R, Sardhar Basha SJ. Exploring the synergistic effect of Ni xSn 2xS 4x thiospinel with MWCNTs for enhanced performance in dye-sensitized solar cells, the hydrogen evolution reaction, and supercapacitors. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:5336-5351. [PMID: 32253409 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trifunctional nickel tin sulfide (NixSn2xS4x) with a thiospinel-like structure composited with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (M-NixSn2xS4x) was synthesized by a facile method. The unit cell arrangement of the prepared composite was studied by density functional theory, and the theoretical interpretation satisfactorily inferred the presence of a synergistic effect between the thiospinel and MWCNTs. The high metallic conductivity and superior electrocatalytic activity of the M-NixSn2xS4x composite endow it with diverse applications. The composite shows promise as a counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells (efficiency of 4.67% for fluorine-doped indium tin oxide compared to 5.23% for platinum); an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction with good cycling stability and a low overpotential of -41 mV at a cathode current density of 10 mA cm2 and a Tafel slope of 43 mV dec-1 on a graphite sheet electrode; and an impressive capacitance material on a graphite sheet electrode alternative to expensive current collectors such as Ni foam, with a specific capacitance value of 1200 F g-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1 and a long life span of 92.6% that is retained for up to 15 000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Saravanakumar
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore-641046, India
| | - T Selvaraju
- Department of Chemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India.
| | - K B Bhojanaa
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003 & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - M Ramesh
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003 & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - A Pandikumar
- Electro Organic and Materials Electrochemistry (EME) Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630003 & Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - R Akilan
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India
| | - R Shankar
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore-641046, India
| | - S J Sardhar Basha
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University Regional Campus, Coimbatore-641046, India
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Anand K, Rajamanikandan R, Selva Sharma A, Ilanchelian M, Khan FI, Tiloke C, Katari NK, Boomi P, Balakumar C, Saravanan M, Palanisamy S, Ramesh M, Lai D, Chuturgoon A. Human serum albumin interaction, in silico and anticancer evaluation of Pine-Gold nanoparticles. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sakram B, Kurumanna A, Ravi D, Madhu P, Narsaiah B, Ramesh M. Synthesis of new N-phenyl-3-aryl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-amines and 4-((3-aryl-1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl)amino) phenols and their biological and molecular docking studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2019.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jayalakshmi J, Ramesh M, Barathiraja P. A rare case of non secretory multiple myeloma. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:100. [PMID: 31979934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Ramesh
- KAPV government medical college, Trichy
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Ramesh M, Krishnan R, Jaganathan S. Evaluation of Knowledge, Psychological, Social and Economic Aspects of Covid-19 Pandemic among Dental Professionals- A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2020. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2020/44999.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Medical as well as dental professionals are always at an increased risk of contracting infections in pandemics. The novel Coronavirus (nCoV), the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic is more contagious than other known members of Coronaviridae family. Aim: This research aims to evaluate the knowledge, psychological, social, and economic aspects of COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals using a closed-ended questionnaire study. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with close ended questionnaire was planned. The questionnaire form was prepared in the Google platform after receiving ethical clearance, with 39 questions under the headings of General Information, Knowledge, Psychological aspects, and Social and Economic aspects. The questionnaire link was circulated among dental professionals known to the research team through Email, WhatsApp, and Messenger. A total of 504 dental professionals participated in this study in five days. Knowledge score was calculated, and psychological stress was calculated using Likert scale. Economic aspect was measured using yes/no answers. Data were entered in an excel sheet and the data obtained were statistically analysed using the SPSS software, version 11.5. Chi-square test was done to evaluate whether there is an association between knowledge score and demographic factors and p-value was obtained. Results: There was almost equal gender distribution of respondents in the study. p-value obtained from chi-square test results correlating knowledge score with various demographic factors was not significant. A 59.9% of study participants were poorly informed on methods used to diagnose COVID-19 infection. A 44.4% of the respondents were psychologically stressed about infecting their family members and 72.22% were economically affected because of their profession. A 98.61% of the participants reported that they will wash their hands frequently, avoid crowded places and cancel travel plans in the near future. Conclusion: The present study evaluated the knowledge, psychological, social and economic aspects of COVID-19 pandemic among dental professionals. We identified that there is an urgent need to intensify the knowledge on COVID-19 and also to give psychological, social and economic support to dental professionals
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Krishnan R, Wadei MMA, Qahthani MTA, Albeshri E, Ramesh M, Assiri YH, Sabarinathan J. Assessment of Enamel Permeability Using Scanning Electron Microscopy in Permanent Teeth with and without Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation- An In Vivo Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2020. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2020/43188.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ramesh KK, Ramesh M, Krishnan R. Management and Disposal of Mercury and Amalgam in the Dental Clinics of South India: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S151-S155. [PMID: 31198328 PMCID: PMC6555386 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_280_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Dental offices are known to be one of the largest users of inorganic mercury in the preparation of amalgam-a restorative material which, if not handled and disposed through scientific methods, can pose grave threats to the biosphere. Aims The objective of this study was to assess and record the mercury management and disposal strategies of dental practitioners belonging to the two South Indian states, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Subjects and Methods A questionnaire regarding the usage and disposal of a filling material containing mercury (amalgam) was designed and distributed online. The 150 dental practitioners partaking in this study responded anonymously. Results The results were statistically analyzed using chi-square test and the P value was evaluated. The usage of amalgam was correlated with the age of the practitioner and the nature of practice and it was found to be statistically significant. The number of fillings was correlated with the years of practice and locality of the clinic, which were found to be statistically significant. Conclusions This study showed that mercury was widely preferred and utilized even today as a restorative material by dentists and dental specialists, despite the availability of other alternative strategies. Only a minor section of practitioners were found to be aware of the global changes in the guidelines pertaining to the handling and disposal of amalgam. We feel that Safe Mercury Amalgam Removal Technique, amalgam safety rules, and amalgam-free practice should be a part of the academic curriculum and continuing dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maya Ramesh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vinayaka Missions Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation Deemed to be University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Krishnan
- Registrar, Pedodontics, King Fahad Dental Centre, Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region (AFHSR), Khamis Mushait, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ramesh M, Thomas V, Sekar B, George J. Comparative Evaluation of Laminin 1 Expression in Odontogenic Keratocyst, Dentigerous Cyst, and Ameloblastoma: An Immunohistochemical Study. J Orofac Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_64_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Karthick R, Hou X, Ru Q, Chandrasekaran SS, Ramesh M, Chen F. Understanding the enhanced electrical properties of free-standing graphene paper: the synergistic effect of iodide adsorption into graphene. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33781-33788. [PMID: 35528897 PMCID: PMC9073644 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05529k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-standing graphene (FSG) paper plays a vital role in a wide variety of applications as an electrode material. Specifically, the electrical properties of FSG are the most important factor affecting its use as an electrode material. Herein, the vacuum filtration technique is utilized to fabricate GO paper, which is then reductively treated with HI. Initially, the electrical conductivity is measured for GO papers with different thicknesses by varying the concentration of GO precursor as well as the reduction time. The FSG paper with a thickness of 3 microns exhibits the lowest sheet resistance and further characterization is carried out to reveal the origin of this enhancement of electrical properties. The low resistance is attributed to its crystalline nature, stacking height (Lc), in-plane crystallite size (La) and defect density (nD). Meanwhile, iodide ions intercalated into the graphene layers act as hole-carriers, and their intercalation is favoured over adsorption at the surface. Synergistic effect of electrical properties for tri-iodide adsorbed free-standing graphene paper upon different exposure time of GO papers in HI reducing agent for 0.5 hour (FSG1), 1 hour (FSG2) and 24 hour (FSG3).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Karthick
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy
- Environment Protection Materials
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering
- South China Normal University
| | - Xianhua Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy
- Environment Protection Materials
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering
- South China Normal University
| | - Qiang Ru
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy
- Environment Protection Materials
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering
- South China Normal University
| | - S. Selva Chandrasekaran
- Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 600003
- India
| | - M. Ramesh
- Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- Karaikudi 600003
- India
| | - Fuming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Green Energy
- Environment Protection Materials
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering
- South China Normal University
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Chalakkal P, Krishnan R, Ramesh M, De Souza N, de Ataide IN, Pavaskar R. Association between immobile over-retained primary incisors, diet consistency, and the presence of crowding. Int J Pedod Rehabil 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_26_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Karthick R, Arulraj A, Ramesh M, Selvaraj M. Free-standing graphene/NiMoS paper as cathode for quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 530:179-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Karagic M, Ramesh M. NON-TRANSFERENCE OF FOOD ALLERGY AND FOOD PROTEIN-INDUCED ENTEROCOLITIS SYNDROME (FPIES) AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kesavan M, Arulraj A, Sannasi V, Rajendran K, Anbarasu P, Jeyakumar D, Ramesh M. Performance of cross-linked polymers based gel electrolyte in the fabrication of quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14328917.2018.1537105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kesavan
- Department of Electronics, Government Arts College, Kulithalai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Electronics, Government Arts College, Paramakudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Arulraj
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Physics, University College of Engineering – Bharathidasan Institute of Technology (BIT) campus, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Sannasi
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Rajendran
- Department of Electronics, Government Arts College, Kulithalai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Electronics, LRG Govt. Arts College (W), Tirupur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Anbarasu
- Department of Electronics, Government Arts College, Kulithalai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D. Jeyakumar
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Ramesh
- Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the socio-demographic profile, pattern and treatment outcomes of pesticides poisoning. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted at the department of emergency medicine of a South Indian tertiary care hospital for 1.5 years to study the pattern and outcomes of poisoning cases due to pesticides. Level of significance (P) <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 375 poisoning victims with intentional/accidental exposure to pesticides were followed up and documented. The male-female ratio was 1:0.32; mean age was 31.65 ± 13.10 years. 72% of cases were rural residents. Organophosphorus compounds were the most implicated pesticides. Mean Glasgow Comatose Score (GCS) of the patients was 12.22 ± 3.86. 80.3% of patients recovered while 6.4% died. About 13.3% patients were lost to follow-up as they were discharged against medical advice (DAMA). CONCLUSION There was a statistical significance seen in the implication of pesticides for intentional poisoning with age, route of administration, area of residence and occupation of the victims. However, there was a strong association of the outcomes of poisoning with the toxic agent implicated for the poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prashar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Mullana (Ambala), India
| | - M Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Pharmacy, Mullana (Ambala), India
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Purna Chander C, Raju B, Ramesh M, Shankar G, Srinivas R. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry study of repaglinide and its forced degradation products. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2018; 32:1181-1190. [PMID: 29723439 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stress stability studies of drugs have been recognized as an essential part of the drug development process. These studies are used to investigate the intrinsic stability of the drugs and for the development of a selective stability indicating assay method (SIAM). Stress testing is also useful for the formulation and packaging development, shelf-life determination and designing of manufacturing processes. As per regulatory guidelines, stress degradation studies and structural characterization should be carried out to establish degradation pathways of the drug, which is essential from both the efficacy and safety point of view. As the stress stability studies of repaglinide have not been reported in the literature, the present study has been undertaken. METHODS Repaglinide (RP), an oral anti-diabetic drug, was subjected to hydrolysis (acidic, alkaline and neutral), oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress conditions as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1A (R2). The chromatographic separation of the drug and its degradation products (DPs) was achieved on an Agilent XDB C-18 column using the gradient elution method with a mobile phase consisting of 20 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile at flow rate of 1.0 mL min-1 . The DPs were characterized using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) in combination with accurate mass measurements. RESULTS The drug degraded under hydrolytic and oxidative stress, while it was stable under thermal and photolytic stress conditions. In total, six DPs were formed and the LC/MS method described here can resolve all DPs from the parent as well as from each other under various stress conditions. To elucidate the structures of DPs, fragmentation of the [M + H]+ ions of RP and its DPs was studied by using LC/ESI-MS/MS combined with accurate mass measurements. CONCLUSIONS The forced degradation of RP carried out as per ICH guidelines results in the formation of six degradation products which have been characterized using LC/MS/MS in combination with accurate mass measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Purna Chander
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - B Raju
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - M Ramesh
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - G Shankar
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - R Srinivas
- National Centre for Mass Spectrometry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Abstract
Published works on health insurance tend to focus on program design and its impact, neglecting the implementation process that links the two and affects outcomes. This paper examines the National Health Insurance [Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY)] in India with the objective of assessing the role of implementation structures and processes in shaping performance. The central question that the paper addresses is: why does the performance of RSBY vary across states despite similar program design? Using a comparative case study approach analyzing the program's functioning in three states, it finds the answer in the differences in governance of implementation. The unavoidable gaps in design of health care program allow abundant scope for opportunistic behavior on the part of different stakeholders. The study finds that the performance of the program, as a result, depends on the extent to which the governance mechanism is able to contain and channel opportunistic behavior during implementation. By opening up the black box of implementation, the paper contributes to improving the performance of national health insurance in India and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayashankar Maurya
- 1Chairperson Healthcare Management,T.A. Pai Management Institute,Karnataka,India
| | - M Ramesh
- 2UNESCO Chair on Social Policy Design in Asia,Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy,National University of Singapore,Bukit Timah,Singapore
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Ramesh M, Narasimhan M, Krishnan R, Aruna RM, Kuruvilla S. The effect of fluorosis on human teeth under light microscopy: A cross-sectional study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2018; 21:345-350. [PMID: 29391706 PMCID: PMC5763854 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_247_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fluoride is needed for the normal development of bone and teeth; in high levels, it affects developing teeth and bone. Dental fluorosis (DF) is caused by ingestion of excess fluoride mainly through drinking water. Aim The present study aims to observe and understand the histological changes of fluorosed teeth under light microscope (LM). Materials and Methods Teeth which were indicated for extractions for orthodontic or periodontal problems were selected. Thirty extracted teeth were selected with varying degrees of DF based on modified Dean's fluorosis index. Ground sections of these teeth were prepared and the sections were studied under binocular LM. Photomicrographs were taken under high power objective using 15 megapixels Nikon camera. Results and Conclusion Qualitative histologic changes in different grades of fluorosed teeth were evaluated in enamel, dentin, cementum and between their junctions. Fluoride interacts with enamel in both mineral phases and organic macromolecules by strong ionic and hydrogen bonds resulting in incomplete crystal growth at prism peripheries. This presents as hypomineralization of enamel and dentin, increased interglobular dentin, increased secondary curvatures and changes in cementum such as diffuse cementodentinal junction and increased thickness of Tomes' granular layer. Changes in the structure of the teeth with Dean's index below 2 and teeth with Dean's index of 2 and above were compared using Chi-square test. P value was found to be highly significant being 0.00047. Many of the features of dental fluorosis seen in the present study under light microscope are comparable to those results studied under specialized microscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Ramesh
- Department of Oral Pathology, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, India
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sri Ramachandra Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Krishnan
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, India
| | - Rita Mary Aruna
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Penang International Dental College, VMU, Salem, India
| | - Sarah Kuruvilla
- Department of Pathology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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