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Krauter D, Stausberg D, Hartmann TJ, Volkmann S, Kungl T, Rasche DA, Saher G, Fledrich R, Stassart RM, Nave KA, Goebbels S, Ewers D, Sereda MW. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in rodent models of PMP22 gene-dosage diseases. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:616-640. [PMID: 38383802 PMCID: PMC10940316 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00019-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Haplo-insufficiency of the gene encoding the myelin protein PMP22 leads to focal myelin overgrowth in the peripheral nervous system and hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Conversely, duplication of PMP22 causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A), characterized by hypomyelination of medium to large caliber axons. The molecular mechanisms of abnormal myelin growth regulation by PMP22 have remained obscure. Here, we show in rodent models of HNPP and CMT1A that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-pathway inhibiting phosphatase PTEN is correlated in abundance with PMP22 in peripheral nerves, without evidence for direct protein interactions. Indeed, treating DRG neuron/Schwann cell co-cultures from HNPP mice with PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors reduced focal hypermyelination. When we treated HNPP mice in vivo with the mTOR inhibitor Rapamycin, motor functions were improved, compound muscle amplitudes were increased and pathological tomacula in sciatic nerves were reduced. In contrast, we found Schwann cell dedifferentiation in CMT1A uncoupled from PI3K/Akt/mTOR, leaving partial PTEN ablation insufficient for disease amelioration. For HNPP, the development of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibitors may be considered as the first treatment option for pressure palsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Krauter
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniela Stausberg
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timon J Hartmann
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Volkmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David A Rasche
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Institute of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Goebbels
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - David Ewers
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Research Group "Translational Neurogenetics", Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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2
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Sundaram VK, Schütza V, Schröter NH, Backhaus A, Bilsing A, Joneck L, Seelbach A, Mutschler C, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Schäffner E, Sánchez EE, Akkermann D, Paul C, Schwagarus N, Müller S, Odle A, Childs G, Ewers D, Kungl T, Sitte M, Salinas G, Sereda MW, Nave KA, Schwab MH, Ost M, Arthur-Farraj P, Stassart RM, Fledrich R. Adipo-glial signaling mediates metabolic adaptation in peripheral nerve regeneration. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2136-2152.e9. [PMID: 37989315 PMCID: PMC10722468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system harbors a remarkable potential to regenerate after acute nerve trauma. Full functional recovery, however, is rare and critically depends on peripheral nerve Schwann cells that orchestrate breakdown and resynthesis of myelin and, at the same time, support axonal regrowth. How Schwann cells meet the high metabolic demand required for nerve repair remains poorly understood. We here report that nerve injury induces adipocyte to glial signaling and identify the adipokine leptin as an upstream regulator of glial metabolic adaptation in regeneration. Signal integration by leptin receptors in Schwann cells ensures efficient peripheral nerve repair by adjusting injury-specific catabolic processes in regenerating nerves, including myelin autophagy and mitochondrial respiration. Our findings propose a model according to which acute nerve injury triggers a therapeutically targetable intercellular crosstalk that modulates glial metabolism to provide sufficient energy for successful nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Krishnan Sundaram
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vlad Schütza
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Aline Backhaus
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annika Bilsing
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa Joneck
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Seelbach
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clara Mutschler
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Erik Schäffner
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Dagmar Akkermann
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Paul
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nancy Schwagarus
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Silvana Müller
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Odle
- Instituto de Neurociencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Gwen Childs
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Markham, AR, USA
| | - David Ewers
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maren Sitte
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Klinik für Neurologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus H Schwab
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Ost
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Arthur-Farraj
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Paul Flechsig Institute of Neuropathology, University Clinic Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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3
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Sundaram SM, Doughty LA, Sereda MW. Location matters: hexokinase 1 in glucose metabolism and inflammation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:665-667. [PMID: 35953432 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Hexokinase (HK)-1 mitochondrial-binding mechanisms and consequential physiological relevance remain unclear. Recently, De Jesus et al. studied myeloid cells with HK1 carrying mutated mitochondrial-binding domains (MBDs) and provided evidence that HK1 localization controls glucose metabolic fate. Increases in cytosolic HK1 may also contribute to the inflammation associated with diabetes and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj M Sundaram
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Research Group Translational Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Luke A Doughty
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Research Group Translational Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany; Research Group Translational Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany.
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4
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Götze T, Soto-Bernardini MC, Zhang M, Mießner H, Linhoff L, Brzózka MM, Velanac V, Dullin C, Ramos-Gomes F, Peng M, Husseini H, Schifferdecker E, Fledrich R, Sereda MW, Willig K, Alves F, Rossner MJ, Nave KA, Zhang W, Schwab MH. Hyperactivity is a Core Endophenotype of Elevated Neuregulin-1 Signaling in Embryonic Glutamatergic Networks. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1409-1420. [PMID: 33871014 PMCID: PMC8379540 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The neuregulin 1 (NRG1) ErbB4 module is at the core of an "at risk" signaling pathway in schizophrenia. Several human studies suggest hyperstimulation of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling as a plausible pathomechanism; however, little is known about the significance of stage-, brain area-, or neural cell type-specific NRG1-ErbB4 hyperactivity for disease-relevant brain endophenotypes. To address these spatiotemporal aspects, we generated transgenic mice for Cre recombinase-mediated overexpression of cystein-rich domain (CRD) NRG1, the most prominent NRG1 isoform in the brain. A comparison of "brain-wide" vs cell type-specific CRD-NRG1 overexpressing mice revealed that pathogenic CRD-NRG1 signals for ventricular enlargement and neuroinflammation originate outside glutamatergic neurons and suggests a subcortical function of CRD-NRG1 in the control of body weight. Embryonic onset of CRD-NRG1 in glutamatergic cortical networks resulted in reduced inhibitory neurotransmission and locomotor hyperactivity. Our findings identify ventricular enlargement and locomotor hyperactivity, 2 main endophenotypes of schizophrenia, as specific consequences of spatiotemporally distinct expression profiles of hyperactivated CRD-NRG1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilmann Götze
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Clara Soto-Bernardini
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Present address: Center for Research in Biotechnology (CIB)/Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hendrik Mießner
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Present address: Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa Linhoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena M Brzózka
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Viktorija Velanac
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Christian Dullin
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany,Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Italian Synchrotron “Elettra,"Trieste, Italy
| | - Fernanda Ramos-Gomes
- Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Maja Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hümeyra Husseini
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Schifferdecker
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Willig
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Goettingen, Germany,Translational Molecular Imaging, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Westfälische Wilhelm-University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus H Schwab
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen, Germany,Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany,To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +49-341-97-25677; fax: +49-341-97-15049, e-mail:
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5
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Berghoff SA, Spieth L, Sun T, Hosang L, Schlaphoff L, Depp C, Düking T, Winchenbach J, Neuber J, Ewers D, Scholz P, van der Meer F, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Sasmita AO, Meschkat M, Ruhwedel T, Möbius W, Sankowski R, Prinz M, Huitinga I, Sereda MW, Odoardi F, Ischebeck T, Simons M, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Edgar JM, Nave KA, Saher G. Microglia facilitate repair of demyelinated lesions via post-squalene sterol synthesis. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:47-60. [PMID: 33349711 PMCID: PMC7116742 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-00757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The repair of inflamed, demyelinated lesions as in multiple sclerosis (MS) necessitates the clearance of cholesterol-rich myelin debris by microglia/macrophages and the switch from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory lesion environment. Subsequently, oligodendrocytes increase cholesterol levels as a prerequisite for synthesizing new myelin membranes. We hypothesized that lesion resolution is regulated by the fate of cholesterol from damaged myelin and oligodendroglial sterol synthesis. By integrating gene expression profiling, genetics and comprehensive phenotyping, we found that, paradoxically, sterol synthesis in myelin-phagocytosing microglia/macrophages determines the repair of acutely demyelinated lesions. Rather than producing cholesterol, microglia/macrophages synthesized desmosterol, the immediate cholesterol precursor. Desmosterol activated liver X receptor (LXR) signaling to resolve inflammation, creating a permissive environment for oligodendrocyte differentiation. Moreover, LXR target gene products facilitated the efflux of lipid and cholesterol from lipid-laden microglia/macrophages to support remyelination by oligodendrocytes. Consequently, pharmacological stimulation of sterol synthesis boosted the repair of demyelinated lesions, suggesting novel therapeutic strategies for myelin repair in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Berghoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Spieth
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ting Sun
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leon Hosang
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lennart Schlaphoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Constanze Depp
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Düking
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Winchenbach
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Neuber
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Ewers
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew O Sasmita
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Meschkat
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torben Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roman Sankowski
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModul Basics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Odoardi
- Institute for Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Julia M Edgar
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Applied Neurobiology Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gesine Saher
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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6
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Prukop T, Wernick S, Boussicault L, Ewers D, Jäger K, Adam J, Winter L, Quintes S, Linhoff L, Barrantes-Freer A, Bartl M, Czesnik D, Zschüntzsch J, Schmidt J, Primas G, Laffaire J, Rinaudo P, Brureau A, Nabirotchkin S, Schwab MH, Nave KA, Hajj R, Cohen D, Sereda MW. Synergistic PXT3003 therapy uncouples neuromuscular function from dysmyelination in male Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) rats. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1933-1952. [PMID: 32588471 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1 A (CMT1A) is caused by an intrachromosomal duplication of the gene encoding for PMP22 leading to peripheral nerve dysmyelination, axonal loss, and progressive muscle weakness. No therapy is available. PXT3003 is a low-dose combination of baclofen, naltrexone, and sorbitol which has been shown to improve disease symptoms in Pmp22 transgenic rats, a bona fide model of CMT1A disease. However, the superiority of PXT3003 over its single components or dual combinations have not been tested. Here, we show that in a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) co-culture system derived from transgenic rats, PXT3003 induced myelination when compared to its single and dual components. Applying a clinically relevant ("translational") study design in adult male CMT1A rats for 3 months, PXT3003, but not its dual components, resulted in improved performance in behavioral motor and sensory endpoints when compared to placebo. Unexpectedly, we observed only a marginally increased number of myelinated axons in nerves from PXT3003-treated CMT1A rats. However, in electrophysiology, motor latencies correlated with increased grip strength indicating a possible effect of PXT3003 on neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and muscle fiber pathology. Indeed, PXT3003-treated CMT1A rats displayed an increased perimeter of individual NMJs and a larger number of functional NMJs. Moreover, muscles of PXT3003 CMT1A rats displayed less neurogenic atrophy and a shift toward fast contracting muscle fibers. We suggest that ameliorated motor function in PXT3003-treated CMT1A rats result from restored NMJ function and muscle innervation, independent from myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Prukop
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wernick
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - David Ewers
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Karoline Jäger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Adam
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lorenz Winter
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Quintes
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Linhoff
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Michael Bartl
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Czesnik
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Zschüntzsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus H Schwab
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Siems SB, Jahn O, Eichel MA, Kannaiyan N, Wu LMN, Sherman DL, Kusch K, Hesse D, Jung RB, Fledrich R, Sereda MW, Rossner MJ, Brophy PJ, Werner HB. Proteome profile of peripheral myelin in healthy mice and in a neuropathy model. eLife 2020; 9:e51406. [PMID: 32130108 PMCID: PMC7056269 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteome and transcriptome analyses aim at comprehending the molecular profiles of the brain, its cell-types and subcellular compartments including myelin. Despite the relevance of the peripheral nervous system for normal sensory and motor capabilities, analogous approaches to peripheral nerves and peripheral myelin have fallen behind evolving technical standards. Here we assess the peripheral myelin proteome by gel-free, label-free mass-spectrometry for deep quantitative coverage. Integration with RNA-Sequencing-based developmental mRNA-abundance profiles and neuropathy disease genes illustrates the utility of this resource. Notably, the periaxin-deficient mouse model of the neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth 4F displays a highly pathological myelin proteome profile, exemplified by the discovery of reduced levels of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1/SLC16A1 as a novel facet of the neuropathology. This work provides the most comprehensive proteome resource thus far to approach development, function and pathology of peripheral myelin, and a straightforward, accurate and sensitive workflow to address myelin diversity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie B Siems
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Maria A Eichel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Nirmal Kannaiyan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Lai Man N Wu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Diane L Sherman
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Dörte Hesse
- Proteomics Group, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Ramona B Jung
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Institute of Anatomy, University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical CenterGöttingenGermany
| | - Moritz J Rossner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Peter J Brophy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental MedicineGöttingenGermany
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8
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Hartmannsberger B, Doppler K, Stauber J, Schlotter-Weigel B, Young P, Sereda MW, Sommer C. Intraepidermal nerve fibre density as biomarker in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa012. [PMID: 32954280 PMCID: PMC7425304 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, caused by a duplication of the gene peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa, is the most frequent subtype of hereditary peripheral neuropathy with an estimated prevalence of 1:5000. Patients suffer from sensory deficits, muscle weakness and foot deformities. There is no treatment approved for this disease. Outcome measures in clinical trials were based mainly on clinical features but did not evaluate the actual nerve damage. In our case-control study, we aimed to provide objective and reproducible outcome measures for future clinical trials. We collected skin samples from 48 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A, 7 patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, 16 patients with small fibre neuropathy and 45 healthy controls. To analyse skin innervation, 40-µm cryosections of glabrous skin taken from the lateral index finger were double-labelled by immunofluorescence. The disease severity of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A was assessed by the Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy version 2 score, which ranged from 3 (mild) to 27 (severe) and correlated with age (P < 0.01, R = 0.4). Intraepidermal nerve fibre density was reduced in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A compared with the healthy control group (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with disease severity (P < 0.05, R = -0.293). Meissner corpuscle (MC) density correlated negatively with age in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (P < 0.01, R = -0.45) but not in healthy controls (P = 0.07, R = 0.28). The density of Merkel cells was reduced in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A compared with healthy controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A, the fraction of denervated Merkel cells was highly increased and correlated with age (P < 0.05, R = 0.37). Analysis of nodes of Ranvier revealed shortened paranodes and a reduced fraction of long nodes in patients compared with healthy controls (both P < 0.001). Langerhans cell density was increased in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, but not different in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A compared with healthy controls. Our data suggest that intraepidermal nerve fibre density might be used as an outcome measure in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease, as it correlates with disease severity. The densities of Meissner corpuscles and Merkel cells might be an additional tool for the evaluation of the disease progression. Analysis of follow-up biopsies will clarify the effects of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease progression on cutaneous innervation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Doppler
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Stauber
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Beate Schlotter-Weigel
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Young
- Medical Park Bad Feilnbach Reithofpark, Department of Neurology, 83075 Bad Feilnbach, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommer
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Fledrich R, Akkermann D, Schütza V, Abdelaal TA, Hermes D, Schäffner E, Soto-Bernardini MC, Götze T, Klink A, Kusch K, Krueger M, Kungl T, Frydrychowicz C, Möbius W, Brück W, Mueller WC, Bechmann I, Sereda MW, Schwab MH, Nave KA, Stassart RM. Publisher Correction: NRG1 type I dependent autoparacrine stimulation of Schwann cells in onion bulbs of peripheral neuropathies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1840. [PMID: 30992451 PMCID: PMC6467885 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fledrich
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany. .,Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Akkermann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vlad Schütza
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamer A Abdelaal
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Doris Hermes
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Erik Schäffner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Clara Soto-Bernardini
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Research in Biotechnology (CIB), Costa Rican Institute of Technology (TEC), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Tilmann Götze
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany
| | - Axel Klink
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Krueger
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Clara Frydrychowicz
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Center Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolf C Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus H Schwab
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Hanover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany. .,Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 26, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Prukop T, Stenzel J, Wernick S, Kungl T, Mroczek M, Adam J, Ewers D, Nabirotchkin S, Nave KA, Hajj R, Cohen D, Sereda MW. Early short-term PXT3003 combinational therapy delays disease onset in a transgenic rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209752. [PMID: 30650121 PMCID: PMC6334894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common type of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is caused by a duplication of PMP22 leading to dysmyelination, axonal loss and progressive muscle weakness (CMT1A). Currently, no approved therapy is available for CMT1A patients. A novel polytherapeutic proof-of-principle approach using PXT3003, a low-dose combination of baclofen, naltrexone and sorbitol, slowed disease progression after long-term dosing in adult Pmp22 transgenic rats, a known animal model of CMT1A. Here, we report an early postnatal, short-term treatment with PXT3003 in CMT1A rats that delays disease onset into adulthood. CMT1A rats were treated from postnatal day 6 to 18 with PXT3003. Behavioural, electrophysiological, histological and molecular analyses were performed until 12 weeks of age. Daily oral treatment for approximately 2 weeks ameliorated motor deficits of CMT1A rats reaching wildtype levels. Histologically, PXT3003 corrected the disturbed axon calibre distribution with a shift towards large motor axons. Despite dramatic clinical amelioration, only distal motor latencies were improved and correlated with phenotype performance. On the molecular level, PXT3003 reduced Pmp22 mRNA overexpression and improved the misbalanced downstream PI3K-AKT / MEK-ERK signalling pathway. The improved differentiation status of Schwann cells may have enabled better long-term axonal support function. We conclude that short-term treatment with PXT3003 during early development may partially prevent the clinical and molecular manifestations of CMT1A. Since PXT3003 has a strong safety profile and is currently undergoing a phase III trial in CMT1A patients, our results suggest that PXT3003 therapy may be a bona fide translatable therapy option for children and young adolescent patients suffering from CMT1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Prukop
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Wernick
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Mroczek
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia Adam
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David Ewers
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael W. Sereda
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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11
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Fledrich R, Abdelaal T, Rasch L, Bansal V, Schütza V, Brügger B, Lüchtenborg C, Prukop T, Stenzel J, Rahman RU, Hermes D, Ewers D, Möbius W, Ruhwedel T, Katona I, Weis J, Klein D, Martini R, Brück W, Müller WC, Bonn S, Bechmann I, Nave KA, Stassart RM, Sereda MW. Targeting myelin lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic strategy in a model of CMT1A neuropathy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3025. [PMID: 30072689 PMCID: PMC6072747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A (CMT1A), peripheral nerves display aberrant myelination during postnatal development, followed by slowly progressive demyelination and axonal loss during adult life. Here, we show that myelinating Schwann cells in a rat model of CMT1A exhibit a developmental defect that includes reduced transcription of genes required for myelin lipid biosynthesis. Consequently, lipid incorporation into myelin is reduced, leading to an overall distorted stoichiometry of myelin proteins and lipids with ultrastructural changes of the myelin sheath. Substitution of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the diet is sufficient to overcome the myelination deficit of affected Schwann cells in vivo. This treatment rescues the number of myelinated axons in the peripheral nerves of the CMT rats and leads to a marked amelioration of neuropathic symptoms. We propose that lipid supplementation is an easily translatable potential therapeutic approach in CMT1A and possibly other dysmyelinating neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
| | - T Abdelaal
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Division, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - L Rasch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - V Bansal
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - V Schütza
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - B Brügger
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - C Lüchtenborg
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - T Prukop
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - J Stenzel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - R U Rahman
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - D Hermes
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - D Ewers
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - W Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - T Ruhwedel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - I Katona
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - J Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - D Klein
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - R Martini
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, 97080, Germany
| | - W Brück
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany
| | - W C Müller
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - S Bonn
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - I Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - K A Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
| | - R M Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
| | - M W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, 37075, Germany.
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12
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Fledrich R, Mannil M, Leha A, Ehbrecht C, Solari A, Pelayo-Negro AL, Berciano J, Schlotter-Weigel B, Schnizer TJ, Prukop T, Garcia-Angarita N, Czesnik D, Haberlová J, Mazanec R, Paulus W, Beissbarth T, Walter MC, CMT-TRIAAL, Hogrel JY, Dubourg O, Schenone A, Baets J, De Jonghe P, Shy ME, Horvath R, Pareyson D, Seeman P, Young P, Sereda MW. Biomarkers predict outcome in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017; 88:941-952. [PMID: 28860329 PMCID: PMC8265963 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-315721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited neuropathy, a debilitating disease without known cure. Among patients with CMT1A, disease manifestation, progression and severity are strikingly variable, which poses major challenges for the development of new therapies. Hence, there is a strong need for sensitive outcome measures such as disease and progression biomarkers, which would add powerful tools to monitor therapeutic effects in CMT1A. METHODS We established a pan-European and American consortium comprising nine clinical centres including 311 patients with CMT1A in total. From all patients, the CMT neuropathy score and secondary outcome measures were obtained and a skin biopsy collected. In order to assess and validate disease severity and progression biomarkers, we performed qPCR on a set of 16 animal model-derived potential biomarkers in skin biopsy mRNA extracts. RESULTS In 266 patients with CMT1A, a cluster of eight cutaneous transcripts differentiates disease severity with a sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 76.1%, respectively. In an additional cohort of 45 patients with CMT1A, from whom a second skin biopsy was taken after 2-3 years, the cutaneous mRNA expression of GSTT2, CTSA, PPARG, CDA, ENPP1 and NRG1-Iis changing over time and correlates with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we provide evidence that cutaneous transcripts in patients with CMT1A serve as disease severity and progression biomarkers and, if implemented into clinical trials, they could markedly accelerate the development of a therapy for CMT1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fledrich
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group “Molecular and Translational Neurology”, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manoj Mannil
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group “Molecular and Translational Neurology”, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leha
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Ehbrecht
- Research Group “Molecular and Translational Neurology”, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alessandra Solari
- Unit of Neuroepidemiology, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana L. Pelayo-Negro
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital “Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)”, University of Cantabria, and “Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)”, Santander, Spain
| | - José Berciano
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital “Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)”, University of Cantabria, and “Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)”, Santander, Spain
| | - Beate Schlotter-Weigel
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Tuuli J. Schnizer
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Prukop
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group “Molecular and Translational Neurology”, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Garcia-Angarita
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Czesnik
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Haberlová
- Department of Child Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Medical School, and University Hospital Motol Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Mazanec
- Department of Child Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Medical School, and University Hospital Motol Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Walter Paulus
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim Beissbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maggie C. Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institut, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - CMT-TRIAAL
- CMT-TRIAAL (all participants in the appendix of this manuscript)
| | | | - Odile Dubourg
- Institute of Myology, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Angelo Schenone
- Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Michael E. Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Rita Horvath
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Neurological Rare Diseases of Adulthood, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS Foundation, C. Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pavel Seeman
- Department of Child Neurology, Charles University in Prague, 2nd Medical School, and University Hospital Motol Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Young
- Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Disorders, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Michael W. Sereda
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
- Research Group “Molecular and Translational Neurology”, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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13
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Kleinecke S, Richert S, de Hoz L, Brügger B, Kungl T, Asadollahi E, Quintes S, Blanz J, McGonigal R, Naseri K, Sereda MW, Sachsenheimer T, Lüchtenborg C, Möbius W, Willison H, Baes M, Nave KA, Kassmann CM. Peroxisomal dysfunctions cause lysosomal storage and axonal Kv1 channel redistribution in peripheral neuropathy. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28470148 PMCID: PMC5417850 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairment of peripheral nerve function is frequent in neurometabolic diseases, but mechanistically not well understood. Here, we report a novel disease mechanism and the finding that glial lipid metabolism is critical for axon function, independent of myelin itself. Surprisingly, nerves of Schwann cell-specific Pex5 mutant mice were unaltered regarding axon numbers, axonal calibers, and myelin sheath thickness by electron microscopy. In search for a molecular mechanism, we revealed enhanced abundance and internodal expression of axonal membrane proteins normally restricted to juxtaparanodal lipid-rafts. Gangliosides were altered and enriched within an expanded lysosomal compartment of paranodal loops. We revealed the same pathological features in a mouse model of human Adrenomyeloneuropathy, preceding disease-onset by one year. Thus, peroxisomal dysfunction causes secondary failure of local lysosomes, thereby impairing the turnover of gangliosides in myelin. This reveals a new aspect of axon-glia interactions, with Schwann cell lipid metabolism regulating the anchorage of juxtaparanodal Kv1-channels. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23332.001 Nerve cells transmit messages along their length in the form of electrical signals. Much like an electrical wire, the nerve fiber or axon is coated by a multiple-layered insulation, called the myelin sheath. However, unlike electrical insulation, the myelin sheath is regularly interrupted to expose short regions of the underlying nerve. These exposed regions and the adjacent regions underneath the myelin contain ion channels that help to propagate electrical signals along the axon. Peroxisomes are compartments in animal cells that process fats. Genetic mutations that prevent peroxisomes from working properly can lead to diseases where the nerves cannot transmit signals correctly. This is thought to be because the nerves lose their myelin sheath, which largely consists of fatty molecules. The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord are known as peripheral nerves. Kleinecke et al. have now analyzed peripheral nerves from mice that had one of three different genetic mutations, preventing their peroxisomes from working correctly. Even in cases where the mutation severely impaired nerve signaling, the peripheral nerves retained their myelin sheath. The peroxisome mutations did affect a particular type of potassium ion channel and the anchor proteins that hold these channels in place. The role of these potassium ion channels is not fully known, but normally they are only found close to regions of the axon that are not coated by myelin. However, the peroxisome mutations meant that the channels and their protein anchors were now also located along the myelinated segments of the nerve’s axons. This redistribution of the potassium ion channels likely contributes to the peripheral nerves being unable to signal properly. In addition, Kleinecke et al. found that disrupting the peroxisomes also affected another cell compartment, called the lysosome, in the nerve cells that insulate axons with myelin sheaths. Lysosomes help to break down unwanted fat molecules. Mutant mice had more lysosomes than normal, but these lysosomes did not work efficiently. This caused the nerve cells to store more of certain types of molecules, including molecules called glycolipids that stabilize protein anchors, which hold the potassium channels in place. A likely result is that protein anchors that would normally be degraded are not, leading to the potassium channels appearing inappropriately throughout the nerve. Future work is now needed to investigate whether peroxisomal diseases cause similar changes in the brain. The results presented by Kleinecke et al. also suggest that targeting the lysosomes or the potassium channels could present new ways to treat disorders of the peroxisomes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23332.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kleinecke
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Richert
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Livia de Hoz
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Britta Brügger
- University of Heidelberg, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ebrahim Asadollahi
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Quintes
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith Blanz
- Unit of Molecular Cell Biology and Transgenic, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rhona McGonigal
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Timo Sachsenheimer
- University of Heidelberg, Biochemistry Center (BZH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hugh Willison
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Myriam Baes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Cell Metabolism, KU Leuven- University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Celia Michèle Kassmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Sociali G, Visigalli D, Prukop T, Cervellini I, Mannino E, Venturi C, Bruzzone S, Sereda MW, Schenone A. Tolerability and efficacy study of P2X7 inhibition in experimental Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) neuropathy. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 95:145-57. [PMID: 27431093 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A (CMT1A) is a demyelinating hereditary neuropathy for which pharmacological treatments are not yet available. An abnormally high intracellular Ca(2+) concentration was observed in Schwann cells (SC) from CMT1A rats, caused by the PMP22-mediated overexpression of the P2X7 purinoceptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tolerability and therapeutic potential of a pharmacological antagonist of the P2X7 receptor (A438079) in CMT1A. A438079 ameliorated in vitro myelination of organotypic DRG cultures from CMT1A rats. Furthermore, we performed an experimental therapeutic trial in PMP22 transgenic and in wild-type rats. A preliminary dose-escalation trial showed that 3mg/kg A438079 administered via intraperitoneal injection every 24h for four weeks was well tolerated by wild type and CMT1A rats. Affected rats treated with 3mg/kg A438079 revealed a significant improvement of the muscle strength, when compared to placebo controls. Importantly, histologic analysis revealed a significant increase of the total number of myelinated axons in tibial nerves. Moreover, a significant decrease of the hypermyelination of small caliber axons and a significant increase of the frequency and diameter of large caliber myelinated axons was highlighted. An improved distal motor latencies was recorded, whereas compound muscle action potentials (CMAP) remained unaltered. A438079 reduced the SC differentiation defect in CMT1A rats. These results show that pharmacological inhibition of the P2X7 receptor is well tolerated in CMT1A rats and represents a proof-of-principle that antagonizing this pathway may correct the molecular derangements and improve the clinical phenotype in the CMT1A neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Sociali
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Italy
| | - Davide Visigalli
- DINOGMI and CEBR, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Thomas Prukop
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Research Group "Molecular and Translational Neurology", Department of Neurogenetics, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ilaria Cervellini
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Research Group "Molecular and Translational Neurology", Department of Neurogenetics, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elena Mannino
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Italy
| | - Consuelo Venturi
- DINOGMI and CEBR, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- DIMES, Section of Biochemistry, and CEBR, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 1, 16132, Italy.
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Research Group "Molecular and Translational Neurology", Department of Neurogenetics, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angelo Schenone
- DINOGMI and CEBR, University of Genova, Largo P. Daneo 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
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15
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Quintes S, Brinkmann BG, Ebert M, Fröb F, Kungl T, Arlt FA, Tarabykin V, Huylebroeck D, Meijer D, Suter U, Wegner M, Sereda MW, Nave KA. Zeb2 is essential for Schwann cell differentiation, myelination and nerve repair. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:1050-1059. [PMID: 27294512 PMCID: PMC4964942 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell development and peripheral nerve myelination require the
serial expression of transcriptional activators, such as Sox10, Oct6/Scip/Pou3f1
and Egr2/Krox20. Here we show that also transcriptional repression, mediated by
the zinc-finger protein Zeb2, is essential for differentiation
and myelination. Mice lacking Zeb2 in Schwann cells develop a
severe peripheral neuropathy, caused by failure of axonal sorting and virtual
absence of myelin membranes. Zeb2-deficient Schwann cells
continuously express repressors of lineage progression. Moreover, negative
regulators of maturation, such as Sox2 and Ednrb, emerge as Zeb2 target genes,
supporting its function as an 'inhibitor of inhibitors' in
myelination control. When Zeb2 is deleted in adult mice,
Schwann cells readily dedifferentiate following peripheral nerve injury and
become 'repair cells'. However, nerve regeneration and
remyelination are both perturbed, demonstrating that Zeb2, although undetectable
in adult Schwann cells, has a latent function throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Quintes
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bastian G Brinkmann
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madlen Ebert
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Fröb
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kungl
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Friederike A Arlt
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Victor Tarabykin
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Huylebroeck
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Celgen), Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dies Meijer
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ueli Suter
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany.,University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Göttingen, Germany
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16
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Patzig J, Kusch K, Fledrich R, Eichel MA, Lüders KA, Möbius W, Sereda MW, Nave KA, Martini R, Werner HB. Proteolipid protein modulates preservation of peripheral axons and premature death when myelin protein zero is lacking. Glia 2015; 64:155-74. [PMID: 26393339 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein zero (P0) is the major structural component of peripheral myelin. Lack of this adhesion protein from Schwann cells causes a severe dysmyelinating neuropathy with secondary axonal degeneration in humans with the neuropathy Dejerine-Sottas syndrome (DSS) and in the corresponding mouse model (P0(null)-mice). In the mammalian CNS, the tetraspan-membrane protein PLP is the major structural myelin constituent and required for the long-term preservation of myelinated axons, which fails in hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG type-2) and the relevant mouse model (Plp(null)-mice). The Plp-gene is also expressed in Schwann cells but PLP is of very low abundance in normal peripheral myelin; its function has thus remained enigmatic. Here we show that the abundance of PLP but not of other tetraspan myelin proteins is strongly increased in compact peripheral myelin of P0(null)-mice. To determine the functional relevance of PLP expression in the absence of P0, we generated P0(null)*Plp(null)-double-mutant mice. Compared with either single-mutant, P0(null)*Plp(null)-mice display impaired nerve conduction, reduced motor functions, and premature death. At the morphological level, axonal segments were frequently non-myelinated but in a one-to-one relationship with a hypertrophic Schwann cell. Importantly, axonal numbers were reduced in the vital phrenic nerve of P0(null)*Plp(null)-mice. In the absence of P0, thus, PLP also contributes to myelination by Schwann cells and to the preservation of peripheral axons. These data provide a link between the Schwann cell-dependent support of peripheral axons and the oligodendrocyte-dependent support of central axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Patzig
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kusch
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria A Eichel
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja A Lüders
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Möbius
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Epplen DB, Prukop T, Nientiedt T, Albrecht P, Arlt FA, Stassart RM, Kassmann CM, Methner A, Nave KA, Werner HB, Sereda MW. Curcumin therapy in a Plp1 transgenic mouse model of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2015; 2:787-96. [PMID: 26339673 PMCID: PMC4554440 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a progressive and lethal leukodystrophy caused by mutations affecting the proteolipid protein (PLP1) gene. The most common cause of PMD is a duplication of PLP1 and at present there is no curative therapy available. METHODS By using transgenic mice carrying additional copies of Plp1, we investigated whether curcumin diet ameliorates PMD symptoms. The diet of Plp1 transgenic mice was supplemented with curcumin for 10 consecutive weeks followed by phenotypical, histological and immunohistochemical analyses of the central nervous system. Plp1 transgenic and wild-type mice fed with normal chow served as controls. RESULTS Curcumin improved the motor phenotype performance of Plp1 transgenic mice by 50% toward wild-type level and preserved myelinated axons by 35% when compared to Plp1 transgenic controls. Furthermore, curcumin reduced astrocytosis, microgliosis and lymphocyte infiltration in Plp1 transgenic mice. Curcumin diet did not affect the pathologically increased Plp1 mRNA abundance. However, high glutathione levels indicating an oxidative misbalance in the white matter of Plp1 transgenic mice were restored by curcumin treatment. INTERPRETATION Curcumin may potentially serve as an antioxidant therapy of PMD caused by PLP1 gene duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk B Epplen
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Prukop
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany ; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Nientiedt
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike A Arlt
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ruth M Stassart
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany ; Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Göttingen, Germany
| | - Celia M Kassmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
| | - Axel Methner
- Focus Program Translational Neuroscience (FTN), Rhine Main Neuroscience Network (rmn2), Department of Neurology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hauke B Werner
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Chetlin RD, Ensey J, Layner KN, Triscuit AM, Sereda MW, Nave KA, Rader EP, Baker BA. Resistance-Type Exercise Results in Functional Adaptation and Reduced PMP22 Gene Expression in CMT Rat Muscle. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477655.34178.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Baker BA, Chetlin RD, Layner KN, Triscuit AM, Ensey J, Sereda MW, Nave KA, Rader EP. Chronic Stretch-Shortening Contraction Resistance-Type Exercise Results in Enhanced Dynamic Muscle Adaptation in CMT Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476681.75406.7b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Ekins S, Litterman NK, Arnold RJG, Burgess RW, Freundlich JS, Gray SJ, Higgins JJ, Langley B, Willis DE, Notterpek L, Pleasure D, Sereda MW, Moore A. A brief review of recent Charcot-Marie-Tooth research and priorities. F1000Res 2015; 4:53. [PMID: 25901280 PMCID: PMC4392824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6160.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This brief review of current research progress on Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a summary of discussions initiated at the Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation (HNF) scientific advisory board meeting on November 7, 2014. It covers recent published and unpublished
in vitro and
in vivo research. We discuss recent promising preclinical work for CMT1A, the development of new biomarkers, the characterization of different animal models, and the analysis of the frequency of gene mutations in patients with CMT. We also describe how progress in related fields may benefit CMT therapeutic development, including the potential of gene therapy and stem cell research. We also discuss the potential to assess and improve the quality of life of CMT patients. This summary of CMT research identifies some of the gaps which may have an impact on upcoming clinical trials. We provide some priorities for CMT research and areas which HNF can support. The goal of this review is to inform the scientific community about ongoing research and to avoid unnecessary overlap, while also highlighting areas ripe for further investigation. The general collaborative approach we have taken may be useful for other rare neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Ekins
- Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation, New York, NY, 10016, USA ; Collaborations in Chemistry, Fuquay Varina, NC, 27526, USA ; Collaborative Drug Discovery, Burlingame, CA, 94010, USA
| | | | - Renée J G Arnold
- Arnold Consultancy & Technology LLC, New York, NY, 10023, USA ; Master of Public Health Program, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA ; Quorum Consulting, Inc, San Francisco, CA, 94104, USA
| | - Robert W Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Bar Harbour, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Joel S Freundlich
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging and Reemerging Pathogens, Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Steven J Gray
- Gene Therapy Center and Dept. of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7352, USA
| | | | - Brett Langley
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA ; Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Dianna E Willis
- Burke-Cornell Medical Research Institute, White Plains, NY, 10605, USA
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - David Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA ; Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, c/o Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Michael W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute (MPI) of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, 37075, Germany ; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center (UMG), Göttingen, D-37075, Germany
| | - Allison Moore
- Hereditary Neuropathy Foundation, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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21
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Chumakov I, Milet A, Cholet N, Primas G, Boucard A, Pereira Y, Graudens E, Mandel J, Laffaire J, Foucquier J, Glibert F, Bertrand V, Nave KA, Sereda MW, Vial E, Guedj M, Hajj R, Nabirotchkin S, Cohen D. Polytherapy with a combination of three repurposed drugs (PXT3003) down-regulates Pmp22 over-expression and improves myelination, axonal and functional parameters in models of CMT1A neuropathy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:201. [PMID: 25491744 PMCID: PMC4279797 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common inherited sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy. It is caused by PMP22 overexpression which leads to defects of peripheral myelination, loss of long axons, and progressive impairment then disability. There is no treatment available despite observations that monotherapeutic interventions slow progression in rodent models. We thus hypothesized that a polytherapeutic approach using several drugs, previously approved for other diseases, could be beneficial by simultaneously targeting PMP22 and pathways important for myelination and axonal integrity. A combination of drugs for CMT1A polytherapy was chosen from a group of authorised drugs for unrelated diseases using a systems biology approach, followed by pharmacological safety considerations. Testing and proof of synergism of these drugs were performed in a co-culture model of DRG neurons and Schwann cells derived from a Pmp22 transgenic rat model of CMT1A. Their ability to lower Pmp22 mRNA in Schwann cells relative to house-keeping genes or to a second myelin transcript (Mpz) was assessed in a clonal cell line expressing these genes. Finally in vivo efficacy of the combination was tested in two models: CMT1A transgenic rats, and mice that recover from a nerve crush injury, a model to assess neuroprotection and regeneration. Combination of (RS)-baclofen, naltrexone hydrochloride and D-sorbitol, termed PXT3003, improved myelination in the Pmp22 transgenic co-culture cellular model, and moderately down-regulated Pmp22 mRNA expression in Schwannoma cells. In both in vitro systems, the combination of drugs was revealed to possess synergistic effects, which provided the rationale for in vivo clinical testing of rodent models. In Pmp22 transgenic CMT1A rats, PXT3003 down-regulated the Pmp22 to Mpz mRNA ratio, improved myelination of small fibres, increased nerve conduction and ameliorated the clinical phenotype. PXT3003 also improved axonal regeneration and remyelination in the murine nerve crush model. Based on these observations in preclinical models, a clinical trial of PTX3003 in CMT1A, a neglected orphan disease, is warranted. If the efficacy of PTX3003 is confirmed, rational polytherapy based on novel combinations of existing non-toxic drugs with pleiotropic effects may represent a promising approach for rapid drug development.
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Mannil M, Solari A, Leha A, Pelayo-Negro AL, Berciano J, Schlotter-Weigel B, Walter MC, Rautenstrauss B, Schnizer TJ, Schenone A, Seeman P, Kadian C, Schreiber O, Angarita NG, Fabrizi GM, Gemignani F, Padua L, Santoro L, Quattrone A, Vita G, Calabrese D, Young P, Laurà M, Haberlová J, Mazanec R, Paulus W, Beissbarth T, Shy ME, Reilly MM, Pareyson D, Sereda MW. Selected items from the Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Neuropathy Score and secondary clinical outcome measures serve as sensitive clinical markers of disease severity in CMT1A patients. Neuromuscul Disord 2014; 24:1003-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2014.06.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Mannil M, Kadian C, Futterlieb E, Sereda MW. Rehabilitation in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1. ACNR 2014. [DOI: 10.47795/mmvg6026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is the most common inherited peripheral neuropathy with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 2,500 [1]. The most common subtype is the autosomal dominant type 1A, which is caused by an intrachromosomal duplication on chromosome 17p11.2 [2,3]. A consecutive primary loss of the myelin sheath leads to secondary axonal degeneration. Characteristic clinical findings include distally pronounced muscle wasting, secondary skeletal deformities, sensory loss, and reduced deep tendon reflexes [4,5]. The individual clinical phenotypes vary, even among monozygotic twins [6]. They range from sub-clinical manifestations to rare cases of wheelchair-bound patients. Overall, the quality of life is significantly impaired [7]. Despite ongoing research, no curative treatments are currently available [8]. A recently published ascorbic acid trial showed no significant effect on the clinical phenotype of CMT1A patients [9,32,36]. Nevertheless, physical therapy and moderate exercises are proven to be positively disease-modifying. While a cure lies beyond the scope of physical therapy, it may prevent the rapid aggravation of the clinical phenotype [10,11,17]. Recent studies suggest that CMT patients experience physical as well as mental benefits from rehabilitation programmes, but they also perceive that the performed exercises were not specifically designed to their needs [11]. In fact, there is little evidence-based data and no common consensus on rehabilitation in patients suffering from Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
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Tönges L, Günther R, Suhr M, Jansen J, Balck A, Saal KA, Barski E, Nientied T, Götz AA, Koch JC, Mueller BK, Weishaupt JH, Sereda MW, Hanisch UK, Bähr M, Lingor P. Rho kinase inhibition modulates microglia activation and improves survival in a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Glia 2013; 62:217-32. [DOI: 10.1002/glia.22601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Rene Günther
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Martin Suhr
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Johannes Jansen
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexander Balck
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Kim-Ann Saal
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Elisabeth Barski
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Tobias Nientied
- Molecular and Translational Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine; Hermann-Rein-Str. 3 Göttingen Germany
| | - Alexander A. Götz
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Jan-Christoph Koch
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Mueller
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Global Pharmaceutical Research & Development; Knollstrasse 50 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Jochen H. Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology; Ulm University; Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 Ulm Germany
| | - Michael W. Sereda
- Molecular and Translational Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine; Hermann-Rein-Str. 3 Göttingen Germany
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology; University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Uwe-Karsten Hanisch
- Institute of Neuropathology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB); Göttingen Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology; University Medicine Göttingen; Robert-Koch-Str. 40 Göttingen Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB); Göttingen Germany
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION OR BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease represents a broad group of inherited motor and sensory neuropathies which can originate from various genetic aberrations, e.g. mutations, deletions and duplications. SOURCES OF DATA We performed a literature review on murine animal models of CMT disease with regard to experimental therapeutic approaches. Hereby, we focussed on the demyelinating subforms of CMT (CMT1). PubMed items were CMT, animal model, demyelination and therapy. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Patients affected by CMT suffer from slowly progressive, distally pronounced muscle atrophy caused by an axonal loss. The disease severity is highly variable and impairments may result in wheelchair boundness. No therapy is available yet. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY Numerous rodent models for the various CMT subtypes are available today. The selection of the correct animal model for the specific CMT subtype provides an important prerequisite for the successful translation of experimental findings in patients. GROWING POINTS Despite more than 20 years of remarkable progress in CMT research, the disease is still left untreatable. There is a growing number of experimental therapeutic strategies that may be translated into future clinical trials in patients with CMT. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH The slow disease progression and insensitive outcome measures hamper clinical therapy trials in CMT. Biomarkers may provide powerful tools to monitor therapeutic efficacy. Recently, we have shown that transcriptional profiling can be utilized to assess and predict the disease severity in a transgenic rat model and in affected humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fledrich
- Research Group 'Molecular and Translational Neurology', Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Fünfschilling U, Supplie LM, Mahad D, Boretius S, Saab AS, Edgar J, Brinkmann BG, Kassmann CM, Tzvetanova ID, Möbius W, Diaz F, Meijer D, Suter U, Hamprecht B, Sereda MW, Moraes CT, Frahm J, Goebbels S, Nave KA. Glycolytic oligodendrocytes maintain myelin and long-term axonal integrity. Nature 2012; 485:517-21. [PMID: 22622581 DOI: 10.1038/nature11007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 976] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming glial cells of the central nervous system, maintain long-term axonal integrity. However, the underlying support mechanisms are not understood. Here we identify a metabolic component of axon-glia interactions by generating conditional Cox10 (protoheme IX farnesyltransferase) mutant mice, in which oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells fail to assemble stable mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX, also known as mitochondrial complex IV). In the peripheral nervous system, Cox10 conditional mutants exhibit severe neuropathy with dysmyelination, abnormal Remak bundles, muscle atrophy and paralysis. Notably, perturbing mitochondrial respiration did not cause glial cell death. In the adult central nervous system, we found no signs of demyelination, axonal degeneration or secondary inflammation. Unlike cultured oligodendrocytes, which are sensitive to COX inhibitors, post-myelination oligodendrocytes survive well in the absence of COX activity. More importantly, by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy, brain lactate concentrations in mutants were increased compared with controls, but were detectable only in mice exposed to volatile anaesthetics. This indicates that aerobic glycolysis products derived from oligodendrocytes are rapidly metabolized within white matter tracts. Because myelinated axons can use lactate when energy-deprived, our findings suggest a model in which axon-glia metabolic coupling serves a physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Fünfschilling
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Goebbels S, Oltrogge JH, Wolfer S, Wieser GL, Nientiedt T, Pieper A, Ruhwedel T, Groszer M, Sereda MW, Nave KA. Genetic disruption of Pten in a novel mouse model of tomaculous neuropathy. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:486-99. [PMID: 22488882 PMCID: PMC3443946 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201200227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
‘Tomacula’ and myelin outfoldings are striking neuropathological features of a diverse group of inherited demyelinating neuropathies. Whereas the underlying genetic defects are well known, the molecular mechanisms of tomacula formation have remained obscure. We hypothesized that they are caused by uncontrolled, excessive myelin membrane growth, a process, which is regulated in normal development by neuregulin-1/ErbB2, PI3 Kinase signalling and ERK/MAPK signalling. Here, we demonstrate by targeted disruption of Pten in Schwann cells that hyperactivation of the endogenous PI3 Kinase pathway causes focal hypermyelination, myelin outfoldings and tomacula, even when induced in adult animals by tamoxifen, and is associated with progressive peripheral neuropathy. Activated AKT kinase is associated with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at paranodal loops and Schmidt–Lanterman incisures. This striking myelin pathology, with features of human CMT type 4B1 and HNPP, is dependent on AKT/mTOR signalling, as evidenced by a significant amelioration of the pathology in mice treated with rapamycin. We suggest that regions of non-compact myelin are under lifelong protection by PTEN against abnormal membrane outgrowth, and that dysregulated phosphoinositide levels play a critical role in the pathology of tomaculous neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goebbels
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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28
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Fledrich R, Schlotter-Weigel B, Schnizer TJ, Wichert SP, Stassart RM, Meyer zu Hörste G, Klink A, Weiss BG, Haag U, Walter MC, Rautenstrauss B, Paulus W, Rossner MJ, Sereda MW. A rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A recapitulates disease variability and supplies biomarkers of axonal loss in patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 135:72-87. [PMID: 22189569 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awr322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is the most common inherited neuropathy and a duplication of the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene causes the most frequent subform Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A. Patients develop a slowly progressive dysmyelinating and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy and distally pronounced muscle atrophy. The amount of axonal loss determines disease severity. Although patients share an identical monogenetic defect, the disease progression is strikingly variable and the impending disease course can not be predicted in individual patients. Despite promising experimental data, recent therapy trials have failed. Established clinical outcome measures are thought to be too insensitive to detect amelioration within trials. Surrogate biomarkers of disease severity in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A are thus urgently needed. Peripheral myelin protein 22 transgenic rats harbouring additional copies of the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene ('Charcot-Marie-Tooth rats'), which were kept on an outbred background mimic disease hallmarks and phenocopy the variable disease severity of patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A. Hence, we used the Charcot-Marie-Tooth rat to dissect prospective and surrogate markers of disease severity derived from sciatic nerve and skin tissue messenger RNA extracts. Gene set enrichment analysis of sciatic nerve transcriptomes revealed that dysregulation of lipid metabolism associated genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma constitutes a modifier of present and future disease severity. Importantly, we directly validated disease severity markers from the Charcot-Marie-Tooth rats in 46 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A. Our data suggest that the combination of age and cutaneous messenger RNA levels of glutathione S-transferase theta 2 and cathepsin A composes a strong indicator of disease severity in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A, as quantified by the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Neuropathy Score. This translational approach, utilizing a transgenic animal model, demonstrates that transcriptional analysis of skin biopsy is suitable to identify biomarkers of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fledrich
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Schardt A, Brinkmann BG, Mitkovski M, Sereda MW, Werner HB, Nave KA. The SNARE protein SNAP-29 interacts with the GTPase Rab3A: Implications for membrane trafficking in myelinating glia. J Neurosci Res 2010; 87:3465-79. [PMID: 19170188 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
During myelin formation, vast amounts of specialized membrane proteins and lipids are trafficked toward the growing sheath in cell surface-directed transport vesicles. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment proteins (SNAPs) are important components of molecular complexes required for membrane fusion. We have analyzed the expression profile and molecular interactions of SNAP-29 in the nervous system. In addition to its known enrichment in neuronal synapses, SNAP-29 is abundant in oligodendrocytes during myelination and in noncompact myelin of the peripheral nervous system. By yeast two-hybrid screen and coimmunoprecipitation, we found that the GTPases Rab3A, Rab24, and septin 4 bind to the N-terminal domain of SNAP-29. The interaction with Rab24 or septin 4 was GTP independent. In contrast, interaction between SNAP-29 and Rab3A was GTP dependent, and colocalization was extensive both in synapses and in myelinating glia. In HEK293 cells, cytoplasmic SNAP-29 pools were redistributed upon coexpression with Rab3A, and surface-directed trafficking of myelin proteolipid protein was enhanced by overexpression of SNAP-29 and Rab3A. Interestingly, the abundance of SNAP-29 in sciatic nerves was increased during remyelination and in a rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, two pathological situations with increased myelin membrane biogenesis. We suggest that Rab3A may regulate SNAP-29-mediated membrane fusion during myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Schardt
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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30
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Merkler D, Klinker F, Jürgens T, Glaser R, Paulus W, Brinkmann BG, Sereda MW, Stadelmann-Nessler C, Guedes RCA, Brück W, Liebetanz D. Propagation of spreading depression inversely correlates with cortical myelin content. Ann Neurol 2009; 66:355-65. [PMID: 19798729 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortical myelin can be severely affected in patients with demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system. However, the functional implication of cortical demyelination remains elusive. In this study, we investigated whether cortical myelin influences cortical spreading depression (CSD). METHODS CSD measurements were performed in rodent models of toxic and autoimmune induced cortical demyelination, in neuregulin-1 type I transgenic mice displaying cortical hypermyelination, and in glial fibrillary acidic protein-transgenic mice exhibiting pronounced astrogliosis. RESULTS Cortical demyelination, but not astrogliosis or inflammation per se, was associated with accelerated CSD. In contrast, hypermyelinated neuregulin-1 type I transgenic mice displayed a decelerated CSD propagation. INTERPRETATION Cortical myelin may be crucially involved in the stabilization and buffering of extracellular ion content that is decisive for CSD propagation velocity and cortical excitability, respectively. Our data thus indicate that cortical involvement in human demyelinating diseases may lead to relevant alterations of cortical function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Merkler
- Department of Neuropathology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
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31
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Brinkmann BG, Agarwal A, Sereda MW, Garratt AN, Müller T, Wende H, Stassart RM, Nawaz S, Humml C, Velanac V, Radyushkin K, Goebbels S, Fischer TM, Franklin RJ, Lai C, Ehrenreich H, Birchmeier C, Schwab MH, Nave KA. Neuregulin-1/ErbB signaling serves distinct functions in myelination of the peripheral and central nervous system. Neuron 2008; 59:581-95. [PMID: 18760695 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the control of myelin formation by oligodendrocytes is essential for treating demyelinating diseases. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) type III, an EGF-like growth factor, is essential for myelination in the PNS. It is thus thought that NRG1/ErbB signaling also regulates CNS myelination, a view suggested by in vitro studies and the overexpression of dominant-negative ErbB receptors. To directly test this hypothesis, we generated a series of conditional null mutants that completely lack NRG1 beginning at different stages of neural development. Unexpectedly, these mice assemble normal amounts of myelin. In addition, double mutants lacking oligodendroglial ErbB3 and ErbB4 become myelinated in the absence of any stimulation by neuregulins. In contrast, a significant hypermyelination is achieved by transgenic overexpression of NRG1 type I or NRG1 type III. Thus, NRG1/ErbB signaling is markedly different between Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes that have evolved an NRG/ErbB-independent mechanism of myelination control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian G Brinkmann
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Goettingen 37075, Germany
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Wessig C, Jestaedt L, Sereda MW, Bendszus M, Stoll G. Gadofluorine M-enhanced magnetic resonance nerve imaging: Comparison between acute inflammatory and chronic degenerative demyelination in rats. Exp Neurol 2008; 210:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nave KA, Sereda MW, Ehrenreich H. Mechanisms of disease: inherited demyelinating neuropathies--from basic to clinical research. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:453-64. [PMID: 17671523 DOI: 10.1038/ncpneuro0583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies (also known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease or CMT) are characterized by a length-dependent loss of axonal integrity in the PNS, which leads to progressive muscle weakness and sensory deficits. The 'demyelinating' neuropathies (CMT disease types 1 and 4) are genetically heterogeneous, but their common feature is that the primary defect perturbs myelination. As we discuss in this Review, several new genes associated with CMT1 and CMT4 have recently been identified. The emerging view is that a range of different subcellular defects in Schwann cells can cause axonal loss, which represents the final common pathway of all CMT disease and is independent of demyelination. We propose that Schwann cells provide a first line of axonal neuroprotection. A better understanding of axon-glia interactions should open the way to therapeutic interventions for demyelinating neuropathies. Transgenic animal models have become essential for dissecting CMT disease mechanisms and exploring novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany.
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34
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Ivanova N, Claeys KG, Deconinck T, Litvinenko I, Jordanova A, Auer-Grumbach M, Haberlova J, Löfgren A, Smeyers G, Nelis E, Mercelis R, Plecko B, Priller J, Zámecník J, Ceulemans B, Erichsen AK, Björck E, Nicholson G, Sereda MW, Seeman P, Kremensky I, Mitev V, De Jonghe P. Hereditary spastic paraplegia 3A associated with axonal neuropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 64:706-13. [PMID: 17502470 DOI: 10.1001/archneur.64.5.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the frequency and distribution of mutations in SPG3A in a large cohort of patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia. DESIGN We screened a large cohort of 182 families and isolated cases with pure or complex hereditary spastic paraplegia phenotypes, which were negative for mutations in SPG4. RESULTS In 12 probands (6.6%), we identified 12 different SPG3A mutations (11 missense and 1 insertion/frameshift) of which 7 were novel and 3 were de novo. We found incomplete penetrance in 1 family (G482V). In most cases, SPG3A mutations were associated with an early age at onset (mean, 3 y); however, in 1 family (R495W mutation), symptoms started later (mean, 14 y) with clear intrafamilial variability (8-28 y). Six patients with an SPG3A mutation (F151S, Q191R, M408T, G469A, R495W) originating from 5 unrelated families presented with a complex form of hereditary spastic paraplegia associated with a neuropathy (17%). Our electrophysiological and pathological findings confirmed an axonal sensory-motor neuropathy. There was no correlation between the genotype and the presence of a neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that mutations in SPG3A represent an important cause of patients in the overall hereditary spastic paraplegia population. SPG3A is more often associated with a neuropathy than previously assumed. Therefore, patients with a bipyramidal syndrome and a neuropathy should be screened for mutations in SPG3A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neviana Ivanova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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35
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Sereda MW, Nave KA. Animal models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Neuromolecular Med 2007; 8:205-16. [PMID: 16775377 DOI: 10.1385/nmm:8:1-2:205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent genetic subtype of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is CMT1A, linked to chromosome 17p11.2. In the majority of cases, CMT1A is a gene dosage disease associated with a 1.5 Mb large genomic duplication. Transgenic models with extra copies of the Pmp22 gene have provided formal proof that overexpression of only this candidate gene is sufficent to cause peripheral demyelination, onion bulb formation, secondary axonal loss, and progressive muscle atrophy, the pathological hallmarks of CMT1A. The transgenic CMT rat with about 1.6-fold PMP22 overexpression exhibits clinical abnormalities, such as reduced nerve conduction velocity and lower grip strength that mimick findings in CMT1A patients. Also transgenic mice, carrying yeast artifical chromosomes as Pmp22 transgenes, demonstrate the variability of disease expression as a function of increased gene dosage. Recently, the first rational experimental therapies of CMT1A were tested, using transgenic animal models. In one proof-of-principle study with the CMT rat, a synthetic antagonist of the nuclear progesterone receptor was shown to reduce PMP22 overexpression and to ameliorate the clinical severity. In another study, administration of ascorbic acid, an essential factor of in vitro myelination, prolonged the survival and restored myelination of a dysmyelinated mouse model. Application of gene expression analysis to nerve biopsies that are readily available from such CMT1A animal models might identify additional pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Sereda
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Meyer zu Horste G, Prukop T, Liebetanz D, Mobius W, Nave KA, Sereda MW. Correction. Ann Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.21134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meyer zu Horste G, Prukop T, Liebetanz D, Mobius W, Nave KA, Sereda MW. Antiprogesterone therapy uncouples axonal loss from demyelination in a transgenic rat model of CMT1A neuropathy. Ann Neurol 2007; 61:61-72. [PMID: 17262851 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited neuropathy, and a duplication of the Pmp22 gene causes the most frequent subform CMT1A. Using a transgenic rat model of CMT1A, we tested the hypothesis that long-term treatment with anti-progesterone (Onapristone) reduces Pmp22 overexpression and improves CMT disease phenotype of older animals, thereby extending a previous proof-of-concept observation in a more clinically relevant setting. METHODS We applied placebo-controlled progesterone-antagonist therapy to CMT rats for 5 months and performed grip-strength analysis to assess the motor phenotype. Quantitative Pmp22 RT-PCR and complete histological analysis of peripheral nerves and skin biopsies were performed. RESULTS Anti-progesterone therapy significantly increased muscle strength and muscle mass of CMT rats and reduced the performance difference to wildtype rats by about 50%. Physical improvements can be explained by the prevention of axon loss. Surprisingly, the effects of anti-progesterone were not reflected by improved myelin sheath thickness. Electrophysiology confirmed unaltered NCV, but less reduced CMAP recordings in the treatment group. Moreover, the reduction of Pmp22 mRNA, as quantified in cutaneous nerves, correlated with the clinical phenotype at later stages. INTERPRETATION Progesterone-antagonist long-term therapy reduces [corrected] Pmp22 overexpression to a degree at which the axonal support function of Schwann cells is better maintained than myelination. This suggests that axonal loss in CMT1A is not caused by demyelination, but rather by a Schwann cell defect that has been partially uncoupled by anti-progesterone treatment. Pmp22 expression analysis in skin may provide a prognostic marker for disease severity and for monitoring future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Meyer zu Horste
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Meyer zu Hörste G, Prukop T, Nave KA, Sereda MW. Myelin disorders: Causes and perspectives of Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. J Mol Neurosci 2006; 28:77-88. [PMID: 16632877 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:28:1:77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2005] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a common hereditary neuropathy that causes progressive distally pronounced muscle weakness and can lead to life-long disability in patients. In most cases, the disorder has been associated with a partial duplication of human chromosome 17 (CMT1A), causing 1.5-fold overexpression of the peripheral myelin protein 22 kDa (PMP22). Increased PMP22 gene dosage results in demyelination, secondary axonal loss, and neurogenic muscle atrophy. Experimental therapeutic approaches based on the role of progesterone and ascorbic acid in myelin formation recently have reached preclinical proof-of-principle trials in rodents. It was shown that progesterone receptor antagonists can reduce PMP22 overexpression and clinical severity in a CMT1A rat model. Furthermore, ascorbic acid treatment reduced premature death and demyelination in a CMT1A mouse model. Thus, basic research has opened up new vistas for the understanding and treatment of hereditary neuropathies.
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Vigo T, Nobbio L, Hummelen PV, Abbruzzese M, Mancardi G, Verpoorten N, Verhoeven K, Sereda MW, Nave KA, Timmerman V, Schenone A. Experimental Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A: a cDNA microarrays analysis. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 28:703-14. [PMID: 15797717 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2004] [Revised: 11/25/2004] [Accepted: 11/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the spectrum of genes that are modulated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 1A (CMT1A), which is due to overexpression of the gene coding for the peripheral myelin protein 22 (pmp22), we performed a cDNA microarray experiment with cDNA from sciatic nerves of a rat model of the disease. In homozygous pmp22 overexpressing animals, we found a significant down-regulation of 86 genes, while only 23 known genes were up-regulated, suggesting that the increased dosage of pmp22 induces a general down-regulation of gene expression in peripheral nerve tissue. Classification of the modulated genes into functional categories leads to the identification of some pathways altered by overexpression of pmp22. In particular, a selective down-regulation of the ciliary neurotrophic factor transcript and of genes coding for proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, for cytoskeletal components and for proteins of the extracellular matrix, was observed. Cntf expression was further studied by real-time PCR and ELISA technique in pmp22 transgenic sciatic nerves, human CMT1A sural nerve biopsies, and primary cultures of transgenic Schwann cells. According to the results of cDNA microarray analysis, a down-regulation of cntf, both at the mRNA and protein level, was found in all the conditions tested. These results are relevant to reveal the molecular function of PMP22 and the pathogenic mechanism of CMT1A. In particular, finding a specific reduction of cntf expression in CMT1A Schwann cells suggests that overexpression of pmp22 significantly affects the ability of Schwann cells to offer a trophic support to the axon, which could be a factor, among other, responsible for the development of axonal atrophy in human and experimental CMT1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Vigo
- Department of Neurosciences, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genova, Italy, via De Toni 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Grandis M, Leandri M, Vigo T, Cilli M, Sereda MW, Gherardi G, Benedetti L, Mancardi G, Abbruzzese M, Nave KA, Nobbio L, Schenone A. Early abnormalities in sciatic nerve function and structure in a rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A disease. Exp Neurol 2004; 190:213-23. [PMID: 15473994 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated early peripheral nervous system impairment in PMP22-transgenic rats ("CMT rat"), an established animal model for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 1A, at postnatal day 30 (P30), when the clinical phenotype is not yet apparent. Hemizygous CMT1A rats and wildtype littermates were studied by means of behavioral examination, electrophysiology, molecular biology, and light microscopy analysis. Behavioral studies only showed, a mild, but significant, decrease in toe spread 1-5, suggesting a weakness of distal foot muscles in CMT1A rats compared with normal littermates. Nerve conduction studies disclosed a severe slowing in motor conduction velocity, a temporal dispersion and a dramatic decrease of amplitude of motor waves in P30 transgenic animals. Coherently with a demyelinating process, affected nerves showed a significant thinning of myelin. Interestingly, axonal diameter and area were unchanged, but expression of non-phosphorylated neurofilaments was increased in CMT1A rats compared with normal controls. Our results confirm the fidelity of this animal model to human disease. Similarly, in young CMT1A patients, the MCV is significantly reduced and the muscle weakness is confined to distal segments, whereas morphological and morphometrical signs of axonal atrophy are absent. However, the presence of a molecular and functional damage of the axons suggests that this may be the correct moment to start neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Grandis
- Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology and Genetics, University of Genoa, Via de Toni 5, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
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Michailov GV, Sereda MW, Brinkmann BG, Fischer TM, Haug B, Birchmeier C, Role L, Lai C, Schwab MH, Nave KA. Axonal neuregulin-1 regulates myelin sheath thickness. Science 2004; 304:700-3. [PMID: 15044753 DOI: 10.1126/science.1095862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 689] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In the nervous system of vertebrates, myelination is essential for rapid and accurate impulse conduction. Myelin thickness depends on axon fiber size. We use mutant and transgenic mouse lines to show that axonal Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signals information about axon size to Schwann cells. Reduced Nrg1 expression causes hypomyelination and reduced nerve conduction velocity. Neuronal overexpression of Nrg1 induces hypermyelination and demonstrates that Nrg1 type III is the responsible isoform. We suggest a model by which myelin-forming Schwann cells integrate axonal Nrg1 signals as a biochemical measure of axon size.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Axons/physiology
- Axons/ultrastructure
- ErbB Receptors/analysis
- ErbB Receptors/physiology
- Ganglia, Spinal/chemistry
- Gene Targeting
- Genes, erbB
- Genes, erbB-2
- Heterozygote
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Models, Neurological
- Myelin Sheath/physiology
- Myelin Sheath/ultrastructure
- Neural Conduction
- Neuregulin-1/genetics
- Neuregulin-1/physiology
- Protein Isoforms/physiology
- Receptor, ErbB-2/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/physiology
- Receptor, ErbB-3/analysis
- Receptor, ErbB-3/physiology
- Schwann Cells/physiology
- Sciatic Nerve/chemistry
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Galin V Michailov
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Sereda MW, Meyer zu Hörste G, Suter U, Uzma N, Nave KA. Therapeutic administration of progesterone antagonist in a model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT-1A). Nat Med 2003; 9:1533-7. [PMID: 14608378 DOI: 10.1038/nm957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2003] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited neuropathy. The predominant subtype, CMT-1A, accounts for more than 50% of all cases and is associated with an interstitial chromosomal duplication of 17p12 (refs. 2,3). We have generated a model of CMT-1A by introducing extra copies of the responsible disease gene, Pmp22 (encoding the peripheral myelin protein of 22 kDa), into transgenic rats. Here, we used this model to test whether progesterone, a regulator of the myelin genes Pmp22 and myelin protein zero (Mpz) in cultured Schwann cells, can modulate the progressive neuropathy caused by moderate overexpression of Pmp22. Male transgenic rats (n = 84) were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: progesterone, progesterone antagonist (onapristone) and placebo control. Daily administration of progesterone elevated the steady-state levels of Pmp22 and Mpz mRNA in the sciatic nerve, resulting in enhanced Schwann cell pathology and a more progressive clinical neuropathy. In contrast, administration of the selective progesterone receptor antagonist reduced overexpression of Pmp22 and improved the CMT phenotype, without obvious side effects, in wild-type or transgenic rats. Taken together, these data provide proof of principle that the progesterone receptor of myelin-forming Schwann cells is a promising pharmacological target for therapy of CMT-1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Sereda
- Max-Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Neurogenetics, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Schneider S, Bosse F, D'Urso D, Muller H, Sereda MW, Nave K, Niehaus A, Kempf T, Schnolzer M, Trotter J. The AN2 protein is a novel marker for the Schwann cell lineage expressed by immature and nonmyelinating Schwann cells. J Neurosci 2001; 21:920-33. [PMID: 11157078 PMCID: PMC6762312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of the 330 kDa AN2 glycoprotein was studied in the rodent peripheral nervous system. AN2 is expressed by immature Schwann cells in vitro and in vivo and downregulated as the cells upregulate myelin genes. A subpopulation of nonmyelinating Schwann cells in the adult sciatic nerve retains expression of AN2. In rat sciatic nerve crushes, where Schwann cell numbers increase after initial axonal loss and markers of immature Schwann cells show an upregulation, no increased expression of AN2 was observed. In contrast, AN2 expression was upregulated in nerves from peripheral myelin protein-22-transgenic rats, where immature Schwann cells expand without axonal loss. Furthermore, coculture with neurons upregulated AN2 expression on Schwann cells in vitro. Polyclonal antibodies against AN2 inhibited the migration of an immortalized Schwann cell clone in an in vitro migration assay, and the purified AN2 protein was shown to be neither inhibitory nor permissive for outgrowing dorsal root ganglion neurites. AN2 is thus a novel marker for the Schwann cell lineage. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of purified AN2 from early postnatal mouse brain demonstrated that AN2 is the murine homolog of the rat NG2 proteoglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schneider
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Niemann S, Sereda MW, Suter U, Griffiths IR, Nave KA. Uncoupling of myelin assembly and schwann cell differentiation by transgenic overexpression of peripheral myelin protein 22. J Neurosci 2000; 20:4120-8. [PMID: 10818147 PMCID: PMC6772658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have generated previously transgenic rats that overexpress peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) in Schwann cells. In the nerves of these animals, Schwann cells have segregated with axons to the normal 1:1 ratio but remain arrested at the promyelinating stage, apparently unable to elaborate myelin sheaths. We have examined gene expression of these dysmyelinating Schwann cells using semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. Unexpectedly, Schwann cell differentiation appears to proceed normally at the molecular level when monitored by the expression of mRNAs encoding major structural proteins of myelin. Furthermore, an aberrant coexpression of early and late Schwann cell markers was observed. PMP22 itself acquires complex glycosylation, suggesting that trafficking of the myelin protein through the endoplasmic reticulum is not significantly impaired. We suggest that PMP22, when overexpressed, accumulates in a late Golgi-cell membrane compartment and uncouples myelin assembly from the underlying program of Schwann cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niemann
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Niemann S, Sereda MW, Rossner M, Stewart H, Suter U, Meinck HM, Griffiths IR, Nave KA. The "CMT rat": peripheral neuropathy and dysmyelination caused by transgenic overexpression of PMP22. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 883:254-61. [PMID: 10586250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We have generated a transgenic rat model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) providing formal proof that this neuropathy can be caused by increased expression of peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP22). Heterozygous PMP22-transgenic rats develop muscle weakness and gait abnormalities as well as reduced nerve conduction velocities and EMG abnormalities, which closely resemble recordings in patients with CMT1A. Dys- and demyelination, Schwann cell hypertrophy, and "onion bulb" formation are also similar to findings in humans. When bred to homozygosity, transgenic rats completely fail to elaborate myelin, but all myelin-forming Schwann cells segregate with axons in the normal one-to-one ratio. Although arrested at this "promyelin" stage, differentiation proceeds in homozygous rats at the molecular level, as demonstrated by high-level expression of myelin structural genes. Intracellular trafficking of the wild-type protein is not visibly impaired, even when strongly overexpressed, suggesting that PMP22 blocks myelin assembly in a late Golgi/cell membrane compartment of the affected Schwann cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Niemann
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Sereda MW. Altered protein synthesis in sciatic nerve by transgenic overexpression of PMP22 in the CMT rat. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999; 883:530-2. [PMID: 10586292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M W Sereda
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie (ZMBH), University of Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.
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