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Xin Y, Wise JY, Rajesh M, Cai L. Editorial: Cardiovascular diseases related to diabetes and obesity, volume III. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1381446. [PMID: 38414820 PMCID: PMC10897048 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1381446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jamie Young Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
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Palanna KB, Vinaykumar HD, Prasanna SK, Rajashekara H, Devanna BN, Anilkumar C, Jeevan B, Raveendra HR, Khan F, Bhavana CHS, Upadhyay V, Patro TSSK, Rawat L, Rajesh M, Saravanan PT, Netam P, Rajesha G, Das IK, Patil HE, Jain AK, Saralamma S, Nayaka SC, Prakash G, Nagaraja TE. Exploring the diversity of virulence genes in the Magnaporthe population infecting millets and rice in India. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1131315. [PMID: 37229127 PMCID: PMC10203591 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1131315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Blast pathogen, Magnaporthe spp., that infects ancient millet crops such pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, barnyard millet, and rice was isolated from different locations of blast hotspots in India using single spore isolation technique and 136 pure isolates were established. Numerous growth characteristics were captured via morphogenesis analysis. Among the 10 investigated virulent genes, we could amplify MPS1 (TTK Protein Kinase) and Mlc (Myosin Regulatory Light Chain edc4) in majority of tested isolates, regardless of the crop and region where they were collected, indicating that these may be crucial for their virulence. Additionally, among the four avirulence (Avr) genes studied, Avr-Pizt had the highest frequency of occurrence, followed by Avr-Pia. It is noteworthy to mention that Avr-Pik was present in the least number of isolates (9) and was completely absent from the blast isolates from finger millet, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet. A comparison at the molecular level between virulent and avirulent isolates indicated observably large variation both across (44%) and within (56%) them. The 136 Magnaporthe spp isolates were divided into four groups using molecular markers. Regardless of their geographic distribution, host plants, or tissues affected, the data indicate that the prevalence of numerous pathotypes and virulence factors at the field level, which may lead to a high degree of pathogenic variation. This research could be used for the strategic deployment of resistant genes to develop blast disease-resistant cultivars in rice, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, and barnyard millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. B. Palanna
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, PC Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H. D. Vinaykumar
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, PC Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S Koti. Prasanna
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H. Rajashekara
- Department of Plant Pathology, Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B. N. Devanna
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - C. Anilkumar
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - B. Jeevan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - H. R. Raveendra
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets Zonal Agril. Research Station, Vishweshwaraiah Canal (V.C.) Farm, Mandya, Karnataka, India
| | - Farooq Khan
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, PC Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - C. H. Sai Bhavana
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, PC Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinod Upadhyay
- Regional Agricultural Research Station, Assam Agriculture University, Gossaigaon, Assam, India
| | - T. S. S. K. Patro
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural Research Station, Gajularega, Vizianagaram, Andra Pradesh, India
| | - Laxmi Rawat
- Department of Plant Pathology, Uttarakhand University of Hort. and Forestry, Ranichauri, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M. Rajesh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Center for Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. T. Saravanan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Center for Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Prahlad Netam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kumharwand Farm, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - G. Rajesha
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - I. K. Das
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - H. E. Patil
- Hill Millet Research Station, Navasari Agricultural University, Waghai, Dangs, Gujarat, India
| | - A. K. Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - S. Saralamma
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S. Chandra Nayaka
- Institute of Excellence, Vijnana Bhavan, University of Mysuru, Manasagangotri, Karnataka, India
| | - G. Prakash
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - T. E. Nagaraja
- ICAR-All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP) on Small Millets, PC Unit, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vigyana Kendra (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Rajesh M, Rehana S. Impact of climate change on river water temperature and dissolved oxygen: Indian riverine thermal regimes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9222. [PMID: 35655079 PMCID: PMC9163182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of climate change on the oxygen saturation content of the world’s surface waters is a significant topic for future water quality in a warming environment. While increasing river water temperatures (RWTs) with climate change signals have been the subject of several recent research, how climate change affects Dissolved Oxygen (DO) saturation levels have not been intensively studied. This study examined the direct effect of rising RWTs on saturated DO concentrations. For this, a hybrid deep learning model using Long Short-Term Memory integrated with k-nearest neighbor bootstrap resampling algorithm is developed for RWT prediction addressing sparse spatiotemporal RWT data for seven major polluted river catchments of India at a monthly scale. The summer RWT increase for Tunga-Bhadra, Sabarmati, Musi, Ganga, and Narmada basins are predicted as 3.1, 3.8, 5.8, 7.3, 7.8 °C, respectively, for 2071–2100 with ensemble of NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections of air temperature with Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario. The RWT increases up to7 °C for summer, reaching close to 35 °C, and decreases DO saturation capacity by 2–12% for 2071–2100. Overall, for every 1 °C RWT increase, there will be about 2.3% decrease in DO saturation level concentrations over Indian catchments under climate signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajesh
- Hydroclimatic Research Group, Lab for Spatial Informatics, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - S Rehana
- Hydroclimatic Research Group, Lab for Spatial Informatics, International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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Rajesh M, Mukhopadhyay P, Bátkai S, Arif M, Varga ZV, Mátyás C, Paloczi J, Lehocki A, Haskó G, Pacher P. Correction to: Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation alleviates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. GeroScience 2022; 44:1743-1745. [PMID: 35593946 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sándor Bátkai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Lehocki
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Hemamalini V, Anand L, Nachiyappan S, Geeitha S, Ramana Motupalli V, Kumar R, Ahilan A, Rajesh M. Integrating bio medical sensors in detecting hidden signatures of COVID-19 with Artificial intelligence. Measurement (Lond) 2022; 194:111054. [PMID: 35368881 PMCID: PMC8957369 DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2022.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Today COVID-19 pandemic articulates high stress on clinical resources around the world. At present, physical and viral tests are slowly emerging, and there is a need for robust pandemic detection that biomedical sensors can aid. The utility of biomedical sensors is correlated with the medical instruments with physiological metrics. These Biomedical sensors are integrated with the systematic device to track the target analytes with a biomedical component. The COVID-19 patients' samples are collected, and biomarkers are detected using four sensors: blood pressure sensor, G-FET based biosensor, electrochemical sensor, and potentiometric sensor with different quantifiable measures. The imputed data is then profiled with chest X-ray images from the Covid-19 patients.Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), an AI model, is deployed to identify the hidden signatures with biomarkers. The performance of the biosensor is measured with three parameters such as sensitivity, specificity and detection limit by generating the calibration plots that accurately fits the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hemamalini
- School Computing Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Anand
- School Computing Science and Engineering SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Nachiyappan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT Chennai, India
| | - S Geeitha
- Department of Information Technology, M.Kumarasamy College of Engineering, Karur, India
| | - Venkata Ramana Motupalli
- Computer Science and Engineering, Annamacharya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Utukur, C. K. Dinne, Ysr kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, National Institute of Technology Nagaland, India
| | - A Ahilan
- Department of Electronics and Communication, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, India
| | - M Rajesh
- Department of Computer Science Engineering, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, India
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Rajesh M, Mukhopadhyay P, Bátkai S, Arif M, Varga ZV, Mátyás C, Paloczi J, Lehocki A, Haskó G, Pacher P. Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation alleviates diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. GeroScience 2022; 44:1727-1741. [PMID: 35460032 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00565-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus promotes accelerated cardiovascular aging and inflammation, which in turn facilitate the development of cardiomyopathy/heart failure. High glucose-induced oxidative/nitrative stress, activation of various pro-inflammatory, and cell death pathways are critical in the initiation and progression of the changes culminating in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) activation in inflammatory cells and activated endothelium attenuates the pathological changes associated with atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, stroke, and hepatic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we explored the role of CB2R signaling in myocardial dysfunction, oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, cell death, remodeling, and fibrosis associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic mice. Control human heart left ventricles and atrial appendages, similarly to mouse hearts, had negligible CB2R expression determine by RNA sequencing or real-time RT-PCR. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized by impaired diastolic and systolic cardiac function, enhanced myocardial CB2R expression, oxidative/nitrative stress, and pro-inflammatory response (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), macrophage infiltration, fibrosis, and cell death. Pharmacological activation of CB2R with a selective agonist attenuated diabetes-induced inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress, fibrosis and cell demise, and consequent cardiac dysfunction without affecting hyperglycemia. In contrast, genetic deletion of CB2R aggravated myocardial pathology. Thus, selective activation of CB2R ameliorates diabetes-induced myocardial tissue injury and preserves the functional contractile capacity of the myocardium in the diabetic milieu. This is particularly encouraging, since unlike CB1R agonists, CB2R agonists do not elicit psychoactive activity and cardiovascular side effects and are potential clinical candidates in the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sándor Bátkai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Mátyás
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea Lehocki
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute On Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Rajesh M, Xin Y, Young JL, Cai L. Editorial: Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916142. [PMID: 35677720 PMCID: PMC9169566 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jamie L. Young
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Medicine, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Lu Cai
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Lu Cai,
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Young JL, Xin Y, Rajesh M, Cai L. Editorial: Cardiovascular diseases related to diabetes and obesity - volume II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1044326. [PMID: 36277685 PMCID: PMC9583653 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1044326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jamie L. Young, ; Lu Cai,
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jamie L. Young, ; Lu Cai,
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Sitharthan R, Rajesh M. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Application of machine learning (ML) and internet of things (IoT) in healthcare to predict and tackle pandemic situation. Distrib Parallel Databases 2021; 40:887. [PMID: 34393377 PMCID: PMC8349240 DOI: 10.1007/s10619-021-07358-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Sitharthan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology and Science, 632014 Vellore, India
| | - M. Rajesh
- Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, & RaGa Academic Solutions, Chennai, India
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Chandhini S, Trumboo B, Jose S, Varghese T, Rajesh M, Kumar VJR. Insulin-like growth factor signalling and its significance as a biomarker in fish and shellfish research. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:1011-1031. [PMID: 33987811 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor signalling system comprises insulin-like growth factors, insulin-like growth factor receptors and insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins. Along with the growth hormones, insulin-like growth factor signalling is very pivotal in the growth and development of all vertebrates. In fishes, insulin-like growth factors play an important role in osmoregulation, besides the neuroendocrine regulation of growth. Insulin-like growth factor concentration in plasma can assess the growth in fishes and shellfishes and therefore widely applied in nutritional research as an indicator to evaluate the performance of selected nutrients. The present review summarizes the role of insulin-like growth factor signalling in fishes and shellfishes, its significance in aquaculture and in evaluating growth, reproduction and development, and discusses the utility of this system as biomarkers for early indication of growth in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandhini
- Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health Management (CAAHM), Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Bushra Trumboo
- Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health Management (CAAHM), Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Seena Jose
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Tincy Varghese
- Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off-Yari Road, Versova, Andheri (W), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - M Rajesh
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Anusandhan Bhawan, Bhimtal, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V J Rejish Kumar
- Centre of Excellence in Sustainable Aquaculture and Aquatic Animal Health Management (CAAHM), Department of Aquaculture, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi, 682506, Kerala, India.
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Kumar R, Al-Turjman F, Anand L, Kumar A, Magesh S, Vengatesan K, Sitharthan R, Rajesh M. Genomic sequence analysis of lung infections using artificial intelligence technique. Interdiscip Sci 2021; 13:192-200. [PMID: 33558984 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-020-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Attributable to the modernization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) procedures in healthcare services, various developments including Support Vector Machine (SVM), and profound learning. For example, Convolutional Neural systems (CNN) have prevalently engaged in a significant job of various classificational investigation in lung malignant growth, and different infections. In this paper, Parallel based SVM (P-SVM) and IoT has been utilized to examine the ideal order of lung infections caused by genomic sequence. The proposed method develops a new methodology to locate the ideal characterization of lung sicknesses and determine its growth in its early stages, to control the growth and prevent lung sickness. Further, in the investigation, the P-SVM calculation has been created for arranging high-dimensional distinctive lung ailment datasets. The data used in the assessment has been fetched from real-time data through cloud and IoT. The acquired outcome demonstrates that the developed P-SVM calculation has 83% higher accuracy and 88% precision in characterization with ideal informational collections when contrasted with other learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Chumkedima, Dimapur, Nagaland, 797103, India
| | - Fadi Al-Turjman
- Research Centre for AI and IoT, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - L Anand
- School Computing Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- School of Computer science and IT, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Banglore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Magesh
- Maruthi Technocrat E Services, Chennai, India
| | - K Vengatesan
- Department of Computer Science, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, India
| | - R Sitharthan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology and Science, Vellore, 632014, India.
| | - M Rajesh
- Department of Computer Science, Sanjivani College of Engineering, Kopargaon, India
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Patiyal RS, Mir MI, Pandey N, Rajesh M, Sarma D, Chandra S. Study on embryonic and larval developmental stages of Sucker head Garra gotyla (Gray 1830; Teleostei; Cyprinidae). ZYGOTE 2020; 28:1-11. [PMID: 32772943 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Garra gotyla is an indigenous coldwater fish of the cyprinid family and has wide geographical distribution in India as well as in other countries of Asia and Africa. Induced breeding in G. gotyla was carried out successfully for the first time and an attempt has been made to document developmental stages chronologically from the first minute of fertilization, through all stages of embryonic development until the fifth day post hatching. This experiment was carried out at 22-24°C water temperature at the Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, India. During the breeding trial, the fertilization rate was observed as 70-75% and hatching rate was 85-90%. The mature fertilized ova were measured as 0.8-1.0 mm in diameter and the perivitelline membrane became thick soon after fertilization and formation of the germ pole. The periods taken for complete developmental stages were recorded; cleavage stage 111 min (min post fertilization (pf)), blastulation stage 580 min (pf), neurulation and segmentation 1250 min (pf) and hatching was completed after 1420 min. The sac fry was measured as 3 mm in length and took almost 3 days for complete absorption of the yolk content. The major structural and differential changes observed are in head, tail, fins, alimentary canal, rudiments of each organ and appearance of melanophore pigmentation in the whole body. The 5-day-old larvae were measured as 6 mm in length with almost every organ fully differentiated. The present study will be utilized for large-scale production of fingerlings for stock enhancement in rivers, lakes and possibilities of genetic improvement and manipulation at the embryonic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabindar Singh Patiyal
- ICAR, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nanital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Mohammad Iqbal Mir
- ICAR, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nanital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Nityanand Pandey
- ICAR, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nanital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - M Rajesh
- ICAR, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nanital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Debajit Sarma
- ICAR, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nanital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
| | - Suresh Chandra
- ICAR, Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Nanital, Uttarakhand 263136, India
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Shanmugam MK, Shen H, Tang FR, Arfuso F, Rajesh M, Wang L, Kumar AP, Bian J, Goh BC, Bishayee A, Sethi G. Potential role of genipin in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:195-200. [PMID: 29758279 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genipin, an aglycone derived from the iridoid glycoside, geniposide, is isolated and characterized from the extract of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis fruit (family Rubiaceae). It has long been used in traditional oriental medicine for the prevention and treatment of several inflammation driven diseases, including cancer. Genipin has been shown to have hepatoprotective activity acting as a potent antioxidant and inhibitor of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and also reported to exert significant anticancer effects. It is an excellent crosslinking agent that helps to make novel sustained or delayed release nanoparticle formulations. In this review, we present the latest developments of genipin as an anticancer agent and briefly describe its diverse mechanism(s) of action. Several lines of evidence suggest that genipin is a potent inhibitor of UCP2, which functions as a tumor promoter in a variety of cancers, attenuates generation of reactive oxygen species and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, as well as induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in vitro and in in vivo models. These finding suggests that genipin can serve as both a prominent anticancer agent as well as a potent crosslinking drug that may find useful application in several novel pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Hongyuan Shen
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Feng Ru Tang
- Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jinsong Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, WA, Australia; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
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Hu X, Rajesh M, Zhang J, Zhou S, Wang S, Sun J, Tan Y, Zheng Y, Cai L. Protection by dimethyl fumarate against diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic mice likely via activation of nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2. Toxicol Lett 2018; 287:131-141. [PMID: 29408448 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation play key roles in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), an FDA approved medicine for relapsing multiple sclerosis, has manifested its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function mostly in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated whether DMF could attenuate the development of DCM. Type 1 diabetes mouse model was established using multiple low-dose streptozotocin, and the diabetic mice were treated with DMF (10 mg/kg body weight) for 3 months. Cardiac functions were determined using echocardiography. Oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-fibrotic markers were determined with commercially available kits, real-time quantitative PCR or western blot techniques. DCM was characterized by diminished cardiac function, accompanied by oxidative stress and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Diabetic cardiac tissue exhibited marked fibrosis, revealed by extracellular matrix deposition as determined by Sirius red staining of the myocardial tissues. Furthermore, Nrf2 and its downstream effectors were repressed in diabetic myocardium. On the contrary, diabetic animals treated with DMF exhibited blunted oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and this correlated with Nrf2 activation. Our findings suggest that DMF could potentially thwart diabetes-induced myocardial tissue injury, likely via activation of Nrf2 function, providing firm impetus for future repurposing of DMF in the management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Cardiovascular Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 40202, United States
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China; Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 40202, United States
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Cardiovascular Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Cardiovascular Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Cardiovascular Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 40202, United States
| | - Yang Zheng
- Cardiovascular Center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang Chun, Jilin, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 40202, United States
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Kurdi A, Hassan K, Venkataraman B, Rajesh M. Nootkatone confers hepatoprotective and anti-fibrotic actions in a murine model of liver fibrosis by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amani Kurdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Beirut Arab University; Beirut Lebanon
| | - Kamal Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; United Arab Emirates University; Al Ain 17666 United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Sciences; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences; Dubai 505055 United Arab Emirates
| | - Balaji Venkataraman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; United Arab Emirates University; Al Ain 17666 United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences; United Arab Emirates University; Al Ain 17666 United Arab Emirates
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Vimalanathan P, Venkateshwaran N, Srinivasan SP, Santhanam V, Rajesh M. Impact of surface adaptation and Acacia nilotica biofiller on static and dynamic properties of sisal fiber composite. International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2017.1387689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Vimalanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - N. Venkateshwaran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. P. Srinivasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Santhanam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Rajesh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore Campus Tamil Nadu, India
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Ojha S, Kurdi A, Sadek B, Kaleem M, Cai L, Kamal MA, Rajesh M. Phytochemicals as Prototypes for Pharmaceutical Leads Towards Drug Development Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 22:3058-70. [PMID: 27000825 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160322145255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Globally diabetes mellitus (DM) is swiftly reaching epidemic proportions and impose major health care and socio-economic challenges that are associated with its complications. DM is considered as the major risk factor for the development of debilitating micro & macro vascular complications. Clinical studies have revealed that development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in subjects with diabetes can occur both- dependent and independent of pre-existing increased risk factors such as poor glycemic control, hyperlipidemia, and or hypertension. Therefore, DCM represents as a major challenge for the clinical community for the prompt diagnosis and devising the treatment paradigm to combat the diabetes induced cardiac dysfunction. In Chinese traditional medical practice, heart ailments have been coped with herbal extracts. Phytochemicals bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties are to yet be established completely in human subjects. However, tremendous progress has been made to isolate, purify the phytochemicals and characterize their effects on mitigating the development of DCM in pre-clinical models. Currently there are no approved drugs available for the treatment of DCM. In this review, we have discussed the progress made in understanding the mechanisms for the phytochemicals cardio-protective actions in the diabetic milieu and their caveats and provide future perspectives for proposing these agents to serve as prototypes in the development of drugs for the management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain - 17666, UAE.
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Shamna N, Sardar P, Sahu NP, Phulia V, Rajesh M, Fawole F, Pal AK, Angel G. Heamato-immunological and physiological responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings to dietary fermented Jatropha curcas protein concentrate. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Akhtar M, Ciji A, Sarma D, Rajesh M, Kamalam B, Sharma P, Singh A. Reproductive dysfunction in females of endangered golden mahseer ( Tor putitora ) in captivity. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 182:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ojha S, Balaji V, Sadek B, Rajesh M. Beneficial effects of phytochemicals in diabetic retinopathy: experimental and clinical evidence. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:2769-2783. [PMID: 28678306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a major preventable cause of blindness. Strict control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles are the pivotal criteria to reduce the risk of developing DR. Although timely intervention with laser photocoagulation therapy could mitigate the progression of DR, it may not significantly improve visual acuity. Therefore, invasive surgical interventions such as vitrectomy are sometimes the only option to treat or manage advanced stages of DR. However, the risk of intra-ocular infections outweighs the benefits of the surgery. Newer therapies such as intraocular injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antibody and steroids serve as a viable option for the treatment of DR. However, several clinical studies that assessed the long-term efficacy and safety of this therapy have yielded inconclusive results. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent and safe drugs for the effective management of DR. In this review, we discuss various plant-derived small molecules (phytochemicals) that have been investigated for retinal cytoprotective effects in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, we highlight the caveats on using phytochemicals for the management of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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21
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Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Rajesh M, Varga ZV, Gariani K, Ryu D, Cao Z, Holovac E, Park O, Zhou Z, Xu MJ, Wang W, Godlewski G, Paloczi J, Nemeth BT, Persidsky Y, Liaudet L, Haskó G, Bai P, Boulares AH, Auwerx J, Gao B, Pacher P. PARP inhibition protects against alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol 2017; 66:589-600. [PMID: 27984176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic reprograming are crucial contributors to hepatic injury and subsequent liver fibrosis. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and their interactions with sirtuins play an important role in regulating intermediary metabolism in this process. However, there is little research into whether PARP inhibition affects alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH/NASH). METHODS We investigated the effects of genetic deletion of PARP1 and pharmacological inhibition of PARP in models of early alcoholic steatohepatitis, as well as on Kupffer cell activation in vitro using biochemical assays, real-time PCR, and histological analyses. The effects of PARP inhibition were also evaluated in high fat or methionine and choline deficient diet-induced steatohepatitis models in mice. RESULTS PARP activity was increased in livers due to excessive alcohol intake, which was associated with decreased NAD+ content and SIRT1 activity. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP restored the hepatic NAD+ content, attenuated the decrease in SIRT1 activation and beneficially affected the metabolic-, inflammatory-, and oxidative stress-related alterations due to alcohol feeding in the liver. PARP1-/- animals were protected against alcoholic steatohepatitis and pharmacological inhibition of PARP or genetic deletion of PARP1 also attenuated Kupffer cell activation in vitro. Furthermore, PARP inhibition decreased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, metabolic dysregulation, or inflammation and/or fibrosis in models of NASH. CONCLUSION Our results suggests that PARP inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy in steatohepatitis with high translational potential, considering the availability of PARP inhibitors for clinical treatment of cancer. LAY SUMMARY Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) are the most abundant nuclear enzymes. The PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza) is a recently FDA-approved therapy for cancer. This study shows that PARP is overactivated in livers of subjects with alcoholic liver disease and that pharmacological inhibition of this enzyme with 3 different PARP inhibitors, including olaparib, attenuates high fat or alcohol induced liver injury, abnormal metabolic alteration, fat accumulation, inflammation and/or fibrosis in preclinical models of liver disease. These results suggest that PARP inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Béla Horváth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Karim Gariani
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zongxian Cao
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Eileen Holovac
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Grzegorz Godlewski
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Janos Paloczi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Balazs Tamas Nemeth
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yuri Persidsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, BH 08-621-University Hospital Medical Center, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity & Inflammation of Surgery Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Peter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Hungary; MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen H-4032, Hungary
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Dinc S, Caydere M, Akgul G, Yenidogan E, Hücümenoglu S, Rajesh M. Methylene Blue inhibits the inflammatory process of the acetic acid-induced colitis in the rat colonic mucosa. Int Surg 2015; 100:1364-1374. [PMID: 26062761 DOI: 10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of nitric oxide has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and inflammation. In this study, the effect of methylene blue (MB), a well-known inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, was investigated in acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis model in Sprague-Dawley rats. Eighty male rats randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, colitis, colitis + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the mucosal damage and inflammation score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in acetic acid-administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. Myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels increased significantly, while superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of acetic acid resulted in increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, total nitrite/nitrate levels and nitric oxide synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of nitric oxide and decreases inflammation in acetic acid-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soykan Dinc
- b ankara research and traing hospital, ankara, 06800, Turkey
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Multani RK, Sangeri KK, Ramalakshmi M, Pavithra S, Rajesh M, Singh LG. Supernumerary teeth: an investigating tool in forensic crime investigation. J Int Oral Health 2015; 7:56-8. [PMID: 26028905 PMCID: PMC4441239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supernumerary tooth is an additional entity to the normal series and is seen in all the quadrants of the jaw. The prevalence rates of supernumerary teeth in the permanent dentition, reported in the literature, vary between 0.1% and 6.9%. The presence of supernumerary teeth may be part of developmental disorders. As supernumerary tooth is a rare condition, it can be used as identification tool for crime investigation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 30 volunteers with a supernumerary tooth were analyzed and casts were made after taking alginate impression. All the casts were coded and were given to five observers for correct identification of those volunteers with respective prepared cast. RESULT Personal identification and the cast identification of volunteers were done (cast of the volunteers). The matching identification is followed as below: Of five observers 1(st) observer able to detect 25 (83%), 2(nd) observer 27 (90%), 3(rd) observer 26 (87%), 4(th) observer 25 (83%) and 5(th) observer 28 (91%). CONCLUSION As positive matching identification was 87%, supernumerary tooth can be used for crime investigation and used as greatest weapon in criminal identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupinder Kaur Multani
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Rayat & Bahra Dental College & Hospital, Sahauran, Mohali, Punjab, India,Correspondence: Dr. Multani RK. Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Sahauran, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Kishore Kumar Sangeri
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Endodontics, Aditya Dental College, Beed, Maharastra, India
| | - M Ramalakshmi
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Thai Moogambikai Dental College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Pavithra
- Reader, Department of Endodontics, Peoples College of Dental Sciences and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M Rajesh
- Asociate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine, Srinivasa Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Ali RM, Al Kury LT, Yang KHS, Qureshi A, Rajesh M, Galadari S, Shuba YM, Howarth FC, Oz M. Effects of cannabidiol on contractions and calcium signaling in rat ventricular myocytes. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:290-9. [PMID: 25711828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a major nonpsychotropic cannabinoid found in Cannabis plant, has been shown to influence cardiovascular functions under various physiological and pathological conditions. In the present study, the effects of CBD on contractility and electrophysiological properties of rat ventricular myocytes were investigated. Video edge detection was used to measure myocyte shortening. Intracellular Ca(2+) was measured in cells loaded with the Ca(2+) sensitive fluorescent indicator fura-2 AM. Whole-cell patch clamp was used to measure action potential and Ca(2+) currents. Radioligand binding was employed to study pharmacological characteristics of CBD binding. CBD (1μM) caused a significant decrease in the amplitudes of electrically evoked myocyte shortening and Ca(2+) transients. However, the amplitudes of caffeine-evoked Ca(2+) transients and the rate of recovery of electrically evoked Ca(2+) transients following caffeine application were not altered. CBD (1μM) significantly decreased the duration of APs. Further studies on L-type Ca(2+) channels indicated that CBD inhibits these channels with IC50 of 0.1μM in a voltage-independent manner. Radioligand studies indicated that the specific binding of [(3)H]Isradipine, was not altered significantly by CBD. The results suggest that CBD depresses myocyte contractility by suppressing L-type Ca(2+) channels at a site different than dihydropyridine binding site and inhibits excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramez M Ali
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lina T Al Kury
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Natural Science and Public Health, College of Sustainability Sciences and Humanities, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keun-Hang Susan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Engineering, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Anwar Qureshi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaroslav M Shuba
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv-24, Ukraine
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Murat Oz
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Rajesh M, Natarajan K, Renish N. Strategies of Reducing the Toxicity of Sugar Mill Effluent by Using Biofertilizer Inoculants. ILNS 2015. [DOI: 10.56431/p-69g33n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation has been carried out on Tagetes erecta to search out the effect of sugar mill effluent on growth and yield. In-vivo conditions were set up for the experiment purpose. Pots were filled with soil and treated with different concentrations of sugar mill effluent i.e., 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% on morphological parameters of test crop. Results of pot culture experiment showed that at 10 % concentrations of sugar mill effluent proved to better to the crops growth and thereafter the growth may reduce over control. In order to mitigate the effluent toxicity certain Biofertilizers inoculants were mixed to the soil along with the same effluent treatments. The study suggests that the Biofertilizers inoculants along with effluent irrigation proved to be better for plants growth.
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Abstract
The present investigation has been carried out on Tagetes erecta to search out the effect of sugar mill effluent on growth and yield. In-vivo conditions were set up for the experiment purpose. Pots were filled with soil and treated with different concentrations of sugar mill effluent i.e., 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% on morphological parameters of test crop. Results of pot culture experiment showed that at 10 % concentrations of sugar mill effluent proved to better to the crops growth and thereafter the growth may reduce over control. In order to mitigate the effluent toxicity certain Biofertilizers inoculants were mixed to the soil along with the same effluent treatments. The study suggests that the Biofertilizers inoculants along with effluent irrigation proved to be better for plants growth.
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Vaithiyanathan T, Soundari M, Rajesh M, Ganesh KS, Sundaramoorthy P. Allelopathic effect of <i>Azadirachta indica</i> L. on the germination of <i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> L. ILNS 2014. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.15.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical compounds have been reported to be exuded by plants and their inhibitory effects of other plants. The research work was carried out to study the allelopathic effect of root, bark and leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica L. on the seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Germination studies were conducted in laboratory, the bhendi seeds treated with the root, bark and leaf extracts of Neem. On the seventh day the morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigment and biochemical contents were analysed. The result showed that the rate of germination of bhendi decreased in all Azadirachta indica L. extracts. The reduction in biochemical contents of bhendi was also noted. The highest rate of germination was observed in control (distilled water) treatment and the highest rate of inhibition was observed in root extract followed by bark and leaf extracts.
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Mukhopadhyay P, Rajesh M, Cao Z, Horváth B, Park O, Wang H, Erdelyi K, Holovac E, Wang Y, Liaudet L, Hamdaoui N, Lafdil F, Haskó G, Szabo C, Boulares AH, Gao B, Pacher P. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is a key mediator of liver inflammation and fibrosis. Hepatology 2014; 59:1998-2009. [PMID: 24089324 PMCID: PMC3975736 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) is a constitutive enzyme, the major isoform of the PARP family, which is involved in the regulation of DNA repair, cell death, metabolism, and inflammatory responses. Pharmacological inhibitors of PARP provide significant therapeutic benefits in various preclinical disease models associated with tissue injury and inflammation. However, our understanding the role of PARP activation in the pathophysiology of liver inflammation and fibrosis is limited. In this study we investigated the role of PARP-1 in liver inflammation and fibrosis using acute and chronic models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced liver injury and fibrosis, a model of bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatic fibrosis in vivo, and isolated liver-derived cells ex vivo. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP with structurally distinct inhibitors or genetic deletion of PARP-1 markedly attenuated CCl4 -induced hepatocyte death, inflammation, and fibrosis. Interestingly, the chronic CCl4 -induced liver injury was also characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and dysregulation of numerous genes involved in metabolism. Most of these pathological changes were attenuated by PARP inhibitors. PARP inhibition not only prevented CCl4 -induced chronic liver inflammation and fibrosis, but was also able to reverse these pathological processes. PARP inhibitors also attenuated the development of BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice. In liver biopsies of subjects with alcoholic or hepatitis B-induced cirrhosis, increased nitrative stress and PARP activation was noted. CONCLUSION The reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-PARP pathway plays a pathogenetic role in the development of liver inflammation, metabolism, and fibrosis. PARP inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for oncological indications, and the current results indicate that liver inflammation and liver fibrosis may be additional clinical indications where PARP inhibition may be of translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zongxian Cao
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Béla Horváth
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Biology, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hua Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Biology, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katalin Erdelyi
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eileen Holovac
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuping Wang
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, BH 08-621-University Hospital Medical, Center, 1011 LAUSANNE, Switzerland
| | - Nabila Hamdaoui
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, Créteil, F-94000 France,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S955, Créteil, F-94000 France
| | - Fouad Lafdil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U955, Créteil, F-94000 France,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S955, Créteil, F-94000 France
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - A. Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Biology, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Vinay K, Venkatesh MJ, Nayak RS, Pasha A, Rajesh M, Kumar P. A comparative study to evaluate the effects of ligation methods on friction in sliding mechanics using 0.022" slot brackets in dry state: An In-vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:76-83. [PMID: 24876706 PMCID: PMC4037790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friction between archwires and brackets is assuming greater importance for finishing with increased use of sliding mechanics in orthodontics as friction impedes the desired tooth movement. The following study is conducted to compare and evaluate the effect of ligation on friction in sliding mechanics using 0.022" slot bracket in dry condition. MATERIALS & METHODS In the study 48 combinations of brackets, archwires and different ligation techniques were tested in order to provide best combination that offers less friction during sliding mechanics. Instron- 4467 machine was used to evaluate static and kinetic friction force values and the results were subjected to Statistical Analysis and Anova test. RESULTS The results of the study showed that 0.022" metal brackets, Stainless steel wires and Slick modules provided the optimum frictional resistance to sliding mechanics. It is observed that frictional forces of 0.019" x 0.025" were higher when compared with 0.016" x 0.022" Stainless steel archwire due to the increase in dimension. Self-ligating brackets offered least friction followed by mini twin, variable force, regular stainless steel, ceramic with metal insert bracket and ceramic brackets. The stainless steel ligature offered less resistance than slick and grey modules, and TMA wires recorded maximum friction. CONCLUSION The stainless steel archwire of 0.019" x 0.025" dimension are preferred during sliding mechanics, these archwires with variable force brackets ligated with Slick Modules offer decreased friction and is cost effective combination which can be utilized during sliding mechanics. How to cite the article: Vinay K, Venkatesh MJ, Nayak RS, Pasha A, Rajesh M, Kumar P. A comparative study to evaluate the effects of ligation methods on friction in sliding mechanics using 0.022" slot brackets in dry state: An In-vitro study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(2):76-83.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vinay
- Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M J Venkatesh
- Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rabindra S Nayak
- Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Azam Pasha
- Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Rajesh
- Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopaedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Rajesh M, Kishore M, Shetty KS. Comparison of anchorage loss following initial leveling and aligning using ROTH and MBT Prescription - A clinical prospective study. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:16-21. [PMID: 24876697 PMCID: PMC4033766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the amount and percentage of anchor loss after initial leveling and aligning using a ROTH and MBT prescription. MATERIALS & METHODS Pre and post alignment lateral cephalograms & dental casts of 10 ROTH & 10 MBT patients. RESULTS In the study, it was found that the amount of anchor loss is greater in the ROTH group than the MBT group. This could be due to the increased anterior tip in the ROTH prescription, compared to MBT. The total anterior tip in ROTH is 270 and in MBT is 200. The additional tip of 70 in ROTH prescription itself would have resulted in forward thrust of the anteriors. CONCLUSION The use of laceback and cinchbacks creates a statistically and clinically significant increase in the anchorage loss specifically when the posterior anchorage is not enhanced. In this study TPA was not used but studies have shown that passive TPA has almost no effect on the clinician's need to preserve anchorage in the correction of malocclusion. On the other hand, the TPA is an excellent way to prevent molar rotation and maintain the original vertical and transverse dimension when desired. How to cite the article: Rajesh M, Kishore MS, Shetty KS. Comparison of anchorage loss following initial leveling and aligning using ROTH and MBT Prescription - A clinical prospective study. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(2):16-21.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rajesh
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, M R Ambedkar Dental College & Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Msv Kishore
- Dept of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopedics, S V S Institute of Dental Science, Mahabubnagar, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Sadashiva Shetty
- Department of Orthodontics & Dento-facial Orthopedics, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere, Karnataka, India
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Al Kury LT, Yang KHS, Thayyullathil FT, Rajesh M, Ali RM, Shuba YM, Howarth FC, Galadari S, Oz M. Effects of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide on cardiac Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger. Cell Calcium 2014; 55:231-7. [PMID: 24674601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid anandamide (N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide; AEA) has been shown to cause negative inotropic and antiarrhythmic effects in ventricular myocytes. In this study, using whole-cell patch clamp technique, we have investigated the effects of AEA on cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1)-mediated currents. AEA suppressed NCX1 with an IC50 value of 4.7 μM. Both inward and outward components of exchanger currents were suppressed by AEA equally. AEA inhibition was mimicked by the metabolically stable analogue, methanandamide (metAEA, 10 μM) while it was not influenced by inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase with 1 μM URB597 incubation. The effect of AEA, was not altered in the presence of cannabinoid receptor 1 and 2 antagonists AM251 (1 μM) and AM630 (1 μM), respectively. In addition, inhibition by AEA remained unchanged after pertussis toxin (PTX, 2 μg/ml) treatment or following the inclusion of GDP-β-S (1 mM) in pipette solution. Currents mediated by NCX1 expressed in HEK-293 cells were also inhibited by 10 μM AEA a partially reversible manner. Confocal microscopy images indicated that the intensity of YFP-NCX1 expression on cell surface was not altered by AEA. Collectively, the results indicate that AEA directly inhibits the function of NCX1 in rat ventricular myocytes and in HEK-293 cells expressing NCX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina T Al Kury
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Keun-Hang Susan Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Engineering, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA 92866, USA
| | - Faisal T Thayyullathil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ramez M Ali
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yaroslav M Shuba
- Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology and International Center of Molecular Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 24, Ukraine
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Murat Oz
- Laboratory of Functional Lipidomics, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Darshan SV, Ronad YA, Kishore MSV, Shetty KS, Rajesh M, Suman SD. Long term stability and relapse following mandibular advancement and mandibular setback surgeries: a cephalometric study. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:42-6. [PMID: 25395792 PMCID: PMC4229828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to evaluate the long-term hard and soft tissue changes following mandibular advancement and setback surgeries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 subjects each were selected who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy mandibular advancement and mandibular setback groups. Pre-surgical (T1), immediate post-surgical (T2) and long-term post-surgical (T3) cephalograms were compared for hard and soft tissue changes. After cephalometric measurements, the quantity of changes between T1-T2 and T1-T3 were determined for each patient. The mean difference between T1-T2 and T1-T3 was compared with assess the long-term changes and stability. RESULTS In mandibular advancement the mean difference between immediate post-surgical and long term post-surgical is 7%, which accounts for a relapse of 7%. In mandibular setback, the mean difference between immediate post-surgical and long-term post-surgical is 29%, which accounts for a relapse of 29%. CONCLUSION Mandibular advancement remained stable over the long period when compared to mandibular setback.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vinay Darshan
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Science, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India,Correspondence: Dr. Darshan SV. Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Science, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India.
| | - Yusuf Ahammed Ronad
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - M S V Kishore
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, SVS Institute of Dental Science, Mahbubnagar, Telangana, India
| | - K Sadashiva Shetty
- Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics, Bapuji Dental College, Davangere, Karnataka, India
| | - M Rajesh
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, M R Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S D Suman
- Tutor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dental Science, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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Pichai S, Rajesh M, Reddy N, Adusumilli G, Reddy J, Joshi B. A comparison of hand wrist bone analysis with two different cervical vertebral analysis in measuring skeletal maturation. J Int Oral Health 2014; 6:36-41. [PMID: 25395791 PMCID: PMC4229827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal maturation is an integral part of individual pattern of growth and development and is a continuous process. Peak growth velocity in standing height is the most valid representation of the rate of overall skeletal growth. Ossification changes of hand wrist and cervical vertebrae are the reliable indicators of growth status of individual. The objective of this study was to compare skeletal maturation as measured by hand wrist bone analysis and cervical vertebral analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hand wrist radiographs and lateral cephalograms of 72 subjects aged between 7 and 16 years both male and female from the patients visiting Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, R.V. Dental College and Hospital. The 9 stages were reduced to 5 stages to compare with cervical vertebral maturation stage by Baccetti et al. The Bjork, Grave and Brown stages were reduced to six intervals to compare with cervical vertebral maturational index (CVMI) staging by Hassel and Farman. These measurements were then compared with the hand wrist bone analysis, and the results were statistically analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the hand wrist analysis and the two different cervical vertebral analyses for assessing skeletal maturation. There was no significant difference between the two cervical vertebral analyses, but the CVMI method, which is visual method is less time consuming. CONCLUSION Vertebral analysis on a lateral cephalogram is as valid as the hand wrist bone analysis with the advantage of reducing the radiation exposure of growing subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Pichai
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, AME Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India,Correspondence: Dr. Pichai S. Senior Lecturer, AME Dental College and Hospital, Department of Orthodontics, Raichur, Karnataka, India. Phone: +91-9902830668. .
| | - M Rajesh
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, MR Ambedkar Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Naveen Reddy
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, AME Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopinath Adusumilli
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, AME Dental College and Hospital, Raichur, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayaprakash Reddy
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, MNR Dental College, Hyderabad, Telengana, India
| | - Bhavana Joshi
- Private Dental Practitioner, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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PACHER PAL, Rajesh M, Batkai S, Mukhopadhyay P, Lee W, Horvath B, Cinar R, Liaudet L, Mackie K, Haskó G. Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Promotes Cardiac Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1128.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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PACHER PAL, Mukhopadhyay P, Rajesh M, Horvath B, Batkai S, Park O, Haskó G, Liaudet L, Wink D, Mechoulam R. Cannabidiol protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammatory signaling and response, oxidative/nitrative stress, and cell death. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.890.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jeyaraj M, Sathishkumar G, Sivanandhan G, MubarakAli D, Rajesh M, Arun R, Kapildev G, Manickavasagam M, Thajuddin N, Premkumar K, Ganapathi A. Biogenic silver nanoparticles for cancer treatment: an experimental report. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 106:86-92. [PMID: 23434696 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A generation of nanoparticles research has discussed recently. It is mandatory to elaborate the applications of biogenic nanoparticles in general and anticancereous property in particular. The present study was aimed to investigate the in vitro cytotoxicity effect of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells towards the development of anticancer agent. Biogenic AgNPs were achieved by employing Sesbania grandiflora leaf extract as a novel reducing agent. It was well characterized by FESEM, EDAX and spectral studies showed spherical shaped nanoparticles in the size of 22 nm in slightly agglomerated form. It was surprising that biogenic AgNPs showed cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cell lines were confirmed by MTT, AO-EB, Hochest and COMET assays. There was an immediate induction of cellular damage in terms of loss of cell membrane integrity, oxidative stress and apoptosis were found in the cell which treated with AgNPs. This may be a first report on anti-MCF-7 property of biogenic AgNPs in the fourth generation of nanoparticles research. It is necessary to study the formulation and clinical trials to establish the nano drug to treat cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jeyaraj
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bátkai S, Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Rajesh M, Gao RY, Mahadevan A, Amere M, Battista N, Lichtman AH, Gauson LA, Maccarrone M, Pertwee RG, Pacher P. Δ8-Tetrahydrocannabivarin prevents hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses through cannabinoid CB2 receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2450-61. [PMID: 21470208 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01410.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of cannabinoid CB(2) receptors protects against various forms of ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Δ(8) -Tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ(8) -THCV) is a synthetic analogue of the plant cannabinoid Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabivarin, which exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in rodents involving activation of CB(2) receptors. Here, we assessed effects of Δ(8) -THCV and its metabolite 11-OH-Δ(8) -THCV on CB(2) receptors and against hepatic I/R injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects in vitro were measured with human CB(2) receptors expressed in CHO cells. Hepatic I/R injury was assessed in mice with 1h ischaemia and 2, 6 or 24h reperfusion in vivo. KEY RESULTS Displacement of [(3) H]CP55940 by Δ(8) -THCV or 11-OH-Δ(8) -THCV from specific binding sites in CHO cell membranes transfected with human CB(2) receptors (hCB(2) ) yielded K(i) values of 68.4 and 59.95 nM respectively. Δ(8) -THCV or 11-OH-Δ(8) -THCV inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP production by hCB(2) CHO cells (EC(50) = 12.95 and 14.3 nM respectively). Δ(8) -THCV, given before induction of I/R, attenuated hepatic injury (measured by serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels), decreased tissue protein carbonyl adducts, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, the chemokines CCL3 and CXCL2,TNF-α, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54) mRNA levels, tissue neutrophil infiltration, caspase 3/7 activity and DNA fragmentation. Protective effects of Δ(8) -THCV against liver damage were still present when the compound was given at the beginning of reperfusion. Pretreatment with a CB(2) receptor antagonist attenuated the protective effects of Δ(8) -THCV, while a CB(1) antagonist tended to enhance it. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Δ(8) -THCV activated CB(2) receptors in vitro, and decreased tissue injury and inflammation in vivo, associated with I/R partly via CB(2) receptor activation. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Bátkai
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Horváth B, Magid L, Mukhopadhyay P, Bátkai S, Rajesh M, Park O, Tanchian G, Gao RY, Goodfellow CE, Glass M, Mechoulam R, Pacher P. A new cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist HU-910 attenuates oxidative stress, inflammation and cell death associated with hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2462-78. [PMID: 21449982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01381.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cannabinoid CB(2) receptor activation has been reported to attenuate myocardial, cerebral and hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We have investigated the effects of a novel CB(2) receptor agonist ((1S,4R)-2-(2,6-dimethoxy-4-(2-methyloctan-2-yl)phenyl)-7,7-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-en-1-yl)methanol (HU-910) on liver injury induced by 1 h of ischaemia followed by 2, 6 or 24 h of reperfusion, using a well-established mouse model of segmental hepatic I/R. KEY RESULTS Displacement of [(3) H]CP55940 by HU-910 from specific binding sites in CHO cell membranes transfected with human CB(2) or CB(1) receptors (hCB(1/2) ) yielded K(i) values of 6 nM and 1.4 µM respectively. HU-910 inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP production by hCB(2) CHO cells (EC(50) = 162 nM) and yielded EC(50) of 26.4 nM in [(35) S]GTPγS binding assays using hCB(2) expressing CHO membranes. HU-910 given before ischaemia significantly attenuated levels of I/R-induced hepatic pro-inflammatory chemokines (CCL3 and CXCL2), TNF-α, inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1, neutrophil infiltration, oxidative stress and cell death. Some of the beneficial effect of HU-910 also persisted when given at the beginning of the reperfusion or 1 h after the ischaemic episode. Furthermore, HU-910 attenuated the bacterial endotoxin-triggered TNF-α production in isolated Kupffer cells and expression of adhesion molecules in primary human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α. Pretreatment with a CB(2) receptor antagonist attenuated the protective effects of HU-910, while pretreatment with a CB(1) antagonist tended to enhance them. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS HU-910 is a potent CB(2) receptor agonist which may exert protective effects in various diseases associated with inflammation and tissue injury. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2012.165.issue-8. To view Part I of Cannabinoids in Biology and Medicine visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2011.163.issue-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bėla Horváth
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies Liver Disease, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
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Guerrero-Beltrán CE, Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Rajesh M, Tapia E, García-Torres I, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Pacher P. Sulforaphane, a natural constituent of broccoli, prevents cell death and inflammation in nephropathy. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:494-500. [PMID: 21684138 PMCID: PMC3179776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II, CIS) is a potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agent to treat various malignancies, but its therapeutic use is limited because of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Cell death and inflammation play a key role in the development and progression of CIS-induced nephropathy. Sulforaphane (SFN), a natural constituent of cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, etc., has been shown to exert various protective effects in models of tissue injury and cancer. In this study, we have investigated the role of prosurvival, cell death and inflammatory signaling pathways using a rodent model of CIS-induced nephropathy, and explored the effects of SFN on these processes. Cisplatin triggered marked activation of stress signaling pathways [p53, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38-α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)] and promoted cell death in the kidneys (increased DNA fragmentation, caspases-3/7 activity, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine triphosphate nick-end labeling), associated with attenuation of various prosurvival signaling pathways [e.g., extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38-β MAPK]. Cisplatin also markedly enhanced inflammation in the kidneys [promoted NF-κB activation, increased expression of adhesion molecules ICAM and VCAM, enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels and inflammatory cell infiltration]. These effects were significantly attenuated by pretreatment of rodents with SFN. Thus, the cisplatin-induced nephropathy is associated with activation of various cell death and proinflammatory pathways (p53, JNK, p38-α, TNF-α and NF-κB) and impairments of key prosurvival signaling mechanisms (ERK and p38-β). SFN is able to prevent the CIS-induced renal injury by modulating these pathways, providing a novel approach for preventing this devastating complication of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrique Guerrero-Beltrán
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Béla Horváth
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, “Ignacio Chávez”, México, D.F., México
| | - Itzhel García-Torres
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica Genética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México, D.F, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México
| | - Pál Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Rajesh M, Bátkai S, Kechrid M, Mukhopadhyay P, Lee WS, Horváth B, Holovac E, Cinar R, Liaudet L, Mackie K, Haskó G, Pacher P. Cannabinoid 1 receptor promotes cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2012; 61:716-27. [PMID: 22315315 PMCID: PMC3282820 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids and cannabinoid 1 (CB(1)) receptors have been implicated in cardiac dysfunction, inflammation, and cell death associated with various forms of shock, heart failure, and atherosclerosis, in addition to their recognized role in the development of various cardiovascular risk factors in obesity/metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In this study, we explored the role of CB(1) receptors in myocardial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress, cell death, and interrelated signaling pathways, using a mouse model of type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was characterized by increased myocardial endocannabinoid anandamide levels, oxidative/nitrative stress, activation of p38/Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), enhanced inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, cyclooxygenase 2, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), increased expression of CB(1), advanced glycation end product (AGE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptors (receptor for advanced glycation end product [RAGE], angiotensin II receptor type 1 [AT(1)R]), p47(phox) NADPH oxidase subunit, β-myosin heavy chain isozyme switch, accumulation of AGE, fibrosis, and decreased expression of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2a). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of CB(1) receptors attenuated the diabetes-induced cardiac dysfunction and the above-mentioned pathological alterations. Activation of CB(1) receptors by endocannabinoids may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy by facilitating MAPK activation, AT(1)R expression/signaling, AGE accumulation, oxidative/nitrative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Conversely, CB(1) receptor inhibition may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetic cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sándor Bátkai
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Malek Kechrid
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wen-Shin Lee
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Béla Horváth
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eileen Holovac
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Resat Cinar
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Maryland
- Corresponding author: Pál Pacher,
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Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Kechrid M, Tanchian G, Rajesh M, Naura AS, Boulares AH, Pacher P. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is a key mediator of cisplatin-induced kidney inflammation and injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1774-88. [PMID: 21884784 PMCID: PMC3207278 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, the clinical use of which is limited by the development of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity. Enhanced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell death have been implicated in the development of cisplatin-induced nephropathy; however, the precise mechanisms are elusive. Overactivation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) by oxidative DNA damage under various pathological conditions promotes cell death and up-regulation of key proinflammatory pathways. In this study, using a well-established model of nephropathy, we have explored the role of PARP-1 in cisplatin-induced kidney injury. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1 markedly attenuated the cisplatin-induced histopathological damage, impaired renal function (elevated serum BUN and creatinine levels), and enhanced inflammatory response (leukocyte infiltration; TNF-α, IL-1β, F4/80, adhesion molecules ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression) and consequent oxidative/nitrative stress (4-HNE, 8-OHdG, and nitrotyrosine content; NOX2/NOX4 expression). PARP inhibition also facilitated the cisplatin-induced death of cancer cells. Thus, PARP activation plays an important role in cisplatin-induced kidney injury, and its pharmacological inhibition may represent a promising approach to preventing the cisplatin-induced nephropathy. This is particularly exciting because several PARP inhibitors alone or in combination with DNA-damaging anticancer agents show considerable promise in clinical trials for treatment of various malignancies (e.g., triple-negative breast cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Béla Horváth
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Malek Kechrid
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Galin Tanchian
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center Department and Department of Pharmacology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - A. Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center Department and Department of Pharmacology; Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
We report a case in which the dead body was found with rigor mortis in an unusual position. The dead body was lying on its back with limbs raised, defying gravity. Direction of the salivary stains on the face was also defying the gravity. We opined that the scene of occurrence of crime is unlikely to be the final place where the dead body was found. The clues were revealing a homicidal offence and an attempt to destroy the evidence. The forensic use of ‘rigor mortis in an unusual position’ is in furthering the investigations, and the scientific confirmation of two facts - the scene of death (occurrence) is different from the scene of disposal of dead body, and time gap between the two places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak H D'Souza
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India
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El-Remessy AB, Rajesh M, Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Patel V, Al-Gayyar MMH, Pillai BA, Pacher P. Cannabinoid 1 receptor activation contributes to vascular inflammation and cell death in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy and a human retinal cell line. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1567-78. [PMID: 21373835 PMCID: PMC3375271 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies have demonstrated that cannabinoid-1 (CB(1)) receptor blockade ameliorated inflammation, endothelial and/or cardiac dysfunction, and cell death in models of nephropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiomyopathy. However the role of CB(1) receptor signalling in diabetic retinopathy remains unexplored. Using genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of the CB(1) receptor with SR141716 (rimonabant) in a rodent model of diabetic retinopathy or in human primary retinal endothelial cells (HREC) exposed to high glucose, we explored the role of CB(1) receptors in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Diabetes was induced using streptozotocin in C57BL/6J Cb(1) (also known as Cnr1)(+/+) and Cb(1)(-/-) mice aged 8 to 12 weeks. Samples from mice retina or HREC were used to determine: (1) apoptosis; (2) activity of nuclear factor kappa B, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3; (3) content of 3-nitrotyrosine and reactive oxygen species; and (4) activation of p38/Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). RESULTS Deletion of CB(1) receptor or treatment of diabetic mice with CB(1) receptor antagonist SR141716 prevented retinal cell death. Treatment of diabetic mice or HREC cells exposed to high glucose with SR141716 attenuated the oxidative and nitrative stress, and reduced levels of nuclear factor κB, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. In addition, SR141716 attenuated the diabetes- or high glucose-induced pro-apoptotic activation of MAPK and retinal vascular cell death. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Activation of CB(1) receptors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy by facilitating MAPK activation, oxidative stress and inflammatory signalling. Conversely, CB(1) receptor inhibition may be beneficial in the treatment of this devastating complication of diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/etiology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Glucose/pharmacology
- Humans
- Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/deficiency
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/genetics
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/physiology
- Retina/metabolism
- Retina/pathology
- Retina/physiopathology
- Retinal Vasculitis/metabolism
- Retinal Vasculitis/physiopathology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Streptozocin/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. El-Remessy
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - M. Rajesh
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC-9413, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
| | - P. Mukhopadhyay
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC-9413, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
| | - B. Horváth
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC-9413, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA. Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V. Patel
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC-9413, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
| | - M. M. H. Al-Gayyar
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - B. A. Pillai
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA. Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - P. Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5625 Fishers Lane, MSC-9413, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
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Mukhopadhyay P, Rajesh M, Horváth B, Bátkai S, Park O, Tanashian G, Gao RY, Patel V, Wink DA, Liaudet L, Haskó G, Mechoulam R, Pacher P. Cannabidiol protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating inflammatory signaling and response, oxidative/nitrative stress, and cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:1368-81. [PMID: 21362471 PMCID: PMC3081988 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is a pivotal mechanism of liver damage after liver transplantation or hepatic surgery. We have investigated the effects of cannabidiol (CBD), the nonpsychotropic constituent of marijuana, in a mouse model of hepatic I/R injury. I/R triggered time-dependent increases/changes in markers of liver injury (serum transaminases), hepatic oxidative/nitrative stress (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, nitrotyrosine content/staining, and gp91phox and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA), mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased complex I activity), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α/2, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mRNA levels; tissue neutrophil infiltration; nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation), stress signaling (p38MAPK and JNK), and cell death (DNA fragmentation, PARP activity, and TUNEL). CBD significantly reduced the extent of liver inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress, and cell death and also attenuated the bacterial endotoxin-triggered NF-κB activation and TNF-α production in isolated Kupffer cells, likewise the adhesion molecule expression in primary human liver sinusoidal endothelial cells stimulated with TNF-α and attachment of human neutrophils to the activated endothelium. These protective effects were preserved in CB2 knockout mice and were not prevented by CB1/2 antagonists in vitro. Thus, CBD may represent a novel, protective strategy against I/R injury by attenuating key inflammatory pathways and oxidative/nitrative tissue injury, independent of classical CB1/2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Béla Horváth
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sándor Bátkai
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Galin Tanashian
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Y Gao
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Patel
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A. Wink
- Radiation Biology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lucas Liaudet
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Raphael Mechoulam
- Department for Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Horvath B, Mukhopadhyay P, Rajesh M, Matsumoto S, Saito K, Bátkai S, Gao YR, Cravatt BF, Haskó G, Pacher P. Fatty acid amide hydrolase is a key regulator of the endocannabinoid‐induced myocardial tissue injury. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1000.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mukhopadhyay P, Rajesh M, Bátkai S, Pan H, Mukhopadhyay B, Haskó G, Mackie K, Pacher P. OPPOSING EFFECTS OF CB1 AND CB2 RECEPTORS ON INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND CELL DEATH IN NEPROPATHY. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.1087.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mukhopadhyay P, Horváth B, Rajesh M, Matsumoto S, Saito K, Bátkai S, Patel V, Tanchian G, Gao RY, Cravatt BF, Haskó G, Pacher P. Fatty acid amide hydrolase is a key regulator of endocannabinoid-induced myocardial tissue injury. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:179-95. [PMID: 21070851 PMCID: PMC3022384 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that increased levels of endocannabinoids in various cardiovascular disorders (e.g., various forms of shock, cardiomyopathies, atherosclerosis) through the activation of CB(1) cannabinoid receptors may promote cardiovascular dysfunction and tissue injury. We have investigated the role of the main endocannabinoid anandamide-metabolizing enzyme (fatty acid amide hydrolase; FAAH) in myocardial injury induced by an important chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX; known for its cardiotoxicity mediated by increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation), using well-established acute and chronic cardiomyopathy models in mice. The DOX-induced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress (increased 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyl, and nitrotyrosine levels and decreased glutathione content) correlated with multiple cell death markers, which were enhanced in FAAH knockout mice exhibiting significantly increased DOX-induced mortality and cardiac dysfunction compared to their wild type. The effects of DOX in FAAH knockouts were attenuated by CB(1) receptor antagonists. Furthermore, anandamide induced enhanced cell death in human cardiomyocytes pretreated with FAAH inhibitor and enhanced sensitivity to ROS generation in inflammatory cells of FAAH knockouts. These results suggest that in pathological conditions associated with acute oxidative/nitrative stress FAAH plays a key role in controlling the tissue injury that is, at least in part, mediated by the activation of CB(1) receptors by endocannabinoids.
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MESH Headings
- Amidohydrolases/genetics
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Amidohydrolases/physiology
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/adverse effects
- Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators/pharmacology
- Cardiomyopathies/chemically induced
- Cardiomyopathies/genetics
- Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Doxorubicin/adverse effects
- Endocannabinoids
- Heart/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/agonists
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/metabolism
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bėla Horváth
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Radiation Biology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Keita Saito
- Radiation Biology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sándor Bátkai
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivek Patel
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Galin Tanchian
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Y Gao
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Rajesh M, Mukhopadhyay P, Haskó G, Liaudet L, Mackie K, Pacher P. Cannabinoid-1 receptor activation induces reactive oxygen species-dependent and -independent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and cell death in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:688-700. [PMID: 20590572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impaired endothelial activity and/or cell death play a critical role in the development of vascular dysfunction associated with congestive heart failure, diabetic complications, hypertension, coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis. Increasing evidence suggests that cannabinoid 1 (CB(1)) receptor inhibition is beneficial in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular inflammation both in experimental models, as well as in humans. Here, we investigated the effects of CB(1) receptor activation with the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) or synthetic agonist HU210 on cell death and interrelated signal transduction pathways in human primary coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell death, CB(1) receptor expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and activation of signal transduction pathways in HCAECs were determined by flow cytometry and molecular biology tools. KEY RESULTS In HCAECs expressing CB(1) receptors (demonstrated by Western immunoblot and flow cytometry) AEA (5-15 microM) or HU210 (30-1000 nM) triggered concentration- and time-dependent activation of p38 and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cell death and ROS generation. The AEA- or HU210-induced cell death and MAPK activation were attenuated by CB(1) antagonists [SR141716 (rimonabant) and AM281], inhibitors of p38 and JNK-MAPKs or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. N-acetylcysteine alone prevented AEA- or HU210-induced ROS generation, but only partially attenuated MAPK activation and cell death. In contrast, in combination with CB(1) antagonists, N-acetylcysteine completely prevented these effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CB(1) receptor activation in endothelial cells may amplify the ROS-MAPK activation-cell death pathway in pathological conditions when the endocannabinoid synthetic or metabolic pathways are dysregulated by excessive inflammation and/or oxidative/nitrosative stress, thereby contributing to the development of endothelial dysfunction and pathophysiology of multiple cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Rajesh
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
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