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Haque F, Folayan MO, Virtanen JI. Preventive behaviour and attitudes towards early childhood caries amongst mothers of toddlers in Bangladesh. Acta Odontol Scand 2024; 83:76-82. [PMID: 38062854 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2291205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to analyse mothers of toddlers' preventive behaviour towards ECC in Bangladesh. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of mothers and their 6-24-month-old children visiting vaccination centres in Trishal, Bangladesh in 2021. A cluster-sampling method was applied to select 10 immunization centres and all mothers who attended the centres with a 6-24-month-old child were recruited. Mothers' preventive behaviour and attitude towards oral health was determined using a reliable instrument. Clinical examinations were conducted to assess the presence of dental plaque on the labial surfaces of the upper central incisors and the ICDASII index criteria were utilized to detect ECC. The associations between preventive behaviours and the plaque score and caries status of the children were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis after adjusting for confounding variables (mother's age and educational status). RESULTS The prevalence of ECC among the children was 25.8%. ECC experience was significantly associated with low educational level (p = 0.02) and older age (p = 0.01) of mothers. Of the mothers, 75.2% reported to brush their teeth twice daily and about half of them (48.8%) cleaned their children's teeth daily; and 5.8% with fluoridated toothpaste. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that caries preventive behaviour of mothers (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI1.41-4.91) and the plaque score of the child (AOR = 14.69, 95% CI7.45-28.9) were significant risk indicators for ECC in the study population. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ECC was high among the Bangladeshi toddlers and factors such as the mothers' preventive behaviour and presence of plaque were associated with the occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Haque
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland .
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Adeyemo YI, Aliyu MH, Folayan MO, Coker MO, Riedy CA, Maiyaki BM, Denloye OO. A 2-arm randomized controlled study to improve the oral health of children living with HIV in Nigeria: Protocol and study design. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 136:107375. [PMID: 38404532 PMCID: PMC10883679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Background Good oral health is an integral part of overall child health. However, immune-deficient states like the presence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) will compromise oral health and salivary bacterial composition, leading to adverse oral conditions. Nigeria has 1.9 million HIV-positive residents, and 0.2% of incident HIV infections occur among children below 15 years. Aim This study aims to determine through a randomized control study, the effect of an educational intervention on the oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of HIV-positive children presenting to five pediatric HIV clinics in Kano, Nigeria. Methods/Design This 2-arm randomized control study will be conducted in five pediatric HIV outpatient clinics in Kano State, Nigeria over a period of 6 months. Eligible participants will include 172 HIV-infected frequency matched children aged 8-16 years (they can self-implement the oral health intervention with minimal supervision from the caregivers) who will be randomized and allocated into control and intervention groups. The evaluation and oral health assessment will be carried out by five examiners who will be trained and calibrated. Discussion Our findings will help inform policies to improve the oral health and OHRQoL of HIV-positive Nigerian children and inform the need to integrate oral health care services into HIV programs in similar settings. Trial registration ClinicalTrails.gov ID: National Clinical Trial (NCT) NCT05540171. Registered on 12th September 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewande I. Adeyemo
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State. Nigeria
| | - Muktar H. Aliyu
- Department of Health Policy and Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Morenike O. Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Modupe O. Coker
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Christine A. Riedy
- Department of Oral Health Policy and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baba M. Maiyaki
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University, Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Obafunke O. Denloye
- Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan/University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Folayan MO. Social Disruptions from Global Humanitarian Crises, Use of Technology and Resilience in a Digital Age. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:128. [PMID: 36867126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Quadri MFA, Lusher J, Folayan MO, Tantawi ME, Zuñiga AA, Brown B, Aly NM, Okeibunor JC, Florencia G, Jafer M, Ara E, Miranda KA, Al-Khanati NM, Ellakany P, Gaffar B, Ishabiyi AO, Khan AT, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Nzimande N, Shamala A, Al-Tammemi AB, Osamika BE, Yousaf MA, Virtanen JI, Nguyen AL. Factors associated with an increase in tobacco use and alcohol drinking during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study of data from 105 countries. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:14. [PMID: 36741539 PMCID: PMC9881585 DOI: 10.18332/tid/157205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has inevitably led to monumental challenges, and alcohol drinking and tobacco use have unlikely been spared. This cross-sectional survey reports on factors associated with an increase in alcohol drinking and tobacco use during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS An online survey conducted in 2020, generated data from 14899 adults residing in 105 countries. Dependent variables were changes in alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Independent variables were age, sex, education level, job loss, lost or reduced wages, investment/retirement benefits, interrupted substance addiction care, and income level of the countries. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was computed to explore the associations between dependent and independent variables in adjusted models using the backward stepwise method. The probability of including or excluding a covariate was set at p(in)<0.05 and p(out)>0.1, respectively. RESULTS Of the regular alcohol consumers (N=4401), 22.9% reported an increase in their alcohol drinking. Of the regular tobacco users (N=2718), 31% reported an increase in their tobacco use. Job loss (Alcohol: AOR=1.26; Tobacco: AOR=1.32) and lost/reduced wages (Alcohol: AOR=1.52; Tobacco: AOR=1.52) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Many interruptions to addiction care (AOR=1.75) were associated with higher odds of increased alcohol drinking. Whereas no interruption to addiction care was associated with lower odds of increased alcohol drinking (AOR=0.77). Also, none (AOR=0.66) or some (AOR=0.70) interruptions to addiction care were associated with lower odds of increased tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS This global survey alludes to the unintended consequences of the current COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol drinking and tobacco use. It is critical that the strategies for emergency responses should include support to ameliorate the impact of financial distress and disruption in substance dependence treatment services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Faeq A. Quadri
- Dental Public Health Division, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | | | - Morenike O. Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Brandon Brown
- Department of Social Medicine, Population and Public Health, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, United States
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joseph C. Okeibunor
- World Health Organization - Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | | | - Mohammed Jafer
- Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Department of Psychology, Government College for Women, Cluster University of Srinagar, Srinagar, India
| | - Kessketlen A. Miranda
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuraldeen M. Al-Khanati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthonia O. Ishabiyi
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, United Nations Migration Agency, Amman, Jordan,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abeedha T. Khan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Folake B. Lawal
- Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ntombifuthi Nzimande
- Department of Economic and Human Geography, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Ala’a B. Al-Tammemi
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration, United Nations Migration Agency, Amman, Jordan,Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Muhammad A. Yousaf
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan,Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Annie L. Nguyen
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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Orenuga OO, Nzomiwu CL, Folayan MO, Oderinu OH, Akinshipo AWO. The Nigerian Dentist: Emerging Trends in Caries Management. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:1285-1293. [PMID: 36583487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fundamental to effective caries management, are measures that eliminate caries risk factors and increase caries protective factors. These include the use of appropriate and effective caries assessment, diagnostic and teaching methods. OBJECTIVES To assess the use of current caries management protocols and teaching methods/techniques among Nigerian Dentists. METHODS A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used. Only dentists of Nigerian descent and practicing in Nigeria were assessed. The questionnaire inquired about diagnostic tools, assessment and teaching methods used by the Dentists in caries management. RESULTS More than half of the participants reported use of visual (86.3%), tactile method (76.2%) and periapical radiographs (66.2%) at all times for caries diagnosis. More than three quarters had never used electrical conductance, fibre-optic, CAMBRA, ICDAS, laser fluorescence or bacteria count in caries assessment and diagnosis. Among the 38.4% of the respondents who taught courses on cariology, didactic method and demonstration were the commonest methods used, while use of games was the least used. Didactic method was used more by those that had practiced for 10 years and more. This relationship was statistically significant (p= 0.05). CONCLUSION Majority of Nigerian Dentists still depend solely on traditional methods of teaching, assessment and diagnosis of dental caries. Modern caries assessment, diagnostic techniques and teaching methods are needed to improve caries management in order to promote early treatment, which is often preventive.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Orenuga
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - C L Nzomiwu
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - M O Folayan
- Department of Child Oral Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - O H Oderinu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - A-W O Akinshipo
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria
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Folayan MO, Sam-Agudu NA, Harrison A. Exploring the why: risk factors for HIV and barriers to sexual and reproductive health service access among adolescents in Nigeria. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1198. [PMID: 36151543 PMCID: PMC9508705 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early sexual debut, low educational attainment, history of rape and transactional and intergenerational sex have been associated with HIV infection among Nigerian adolescents, especially females. We sought to understand the "why", and how to mitigate against these determinants and barriers to addressing adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV prevention needs. METHODS This qualitative study generated data from 49 focus group discussions with male and female adolescents living with and without HIV, healthcare workers, members of civil society organizations working with young people, and parents of adolescents living with HIV. Participants were recruited from all six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data was analysed with ATLAS.ti software. Hermeneutic units were created, and codes developed from focus group transcripts. Network View Manager was used to create maps of codes, memos and quotations, and relevant quotes were retrieved from transcripts. RESULTS Four major themes were identified, relating to individual, parental, community and government roles in reducing the risk of HIV and unplanned pregnancy among adolescents in Nigeria. Individual factors influencing sexual risk behaviours of adolescents include peer pressure, poor risk perception for HIV, and misconceptions about the efficacy of contraceptives and condoms. Respondents entrusted State responsibilities such as facilitation of HIV-affected adolescents' access to education, rather, to individuals, parents and the community; and placed the blame for rape on rape survivors. Findings also highlighted the inadequacy of health systems to address adolescents' needs for treatment of sexually transmitted infections and to provide appropriate education on secondary HIV prevention for those living with HIV. CONCLUSION Rigorous studies are needed to understand dynamics between adolescents' risk behavior, HIV risk perception, parental roles in mitigating HIV risk in adolescents, and the role of communities and government in HIV prevention and treatment for adolescents in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health Obafemi Awolowo University, 22005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abigail Harrison
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, USA
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Onyejaka NK, Chukwumah NM, Oziegbe EO, Folaranmi N, Folayan MO. Perception and Concerns about the Use of Gloves, Facemask, and HIV Discriminatory Attitude of Children attending Dental Clinics in Southern Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2022; 39:909-915. [PMID: 36125965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of face masks and gloves can prevent possible cross infection between dental patients and health care practitioners. AIM The study identified the perception of paediatric dental patients on the need for dentists to use face masks and gloves; and their attitude towards using the same clinic with paediatric dental patients living with HIV. METHODS This was a cross sectional study that recruited 438 children aged 8-15 years attending three paediatric dental clinics located in Southern Nigeria. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The dependent variables were perception of cross infection control and attitude towards children living with HIV. The independent variables were age, sex, socioeconomic status and location of clinic. Chi-square analysis was conducted to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to assess the effect size of the associations between the dependent and independent variables. The level of statistical significance was inferred at P < 0.05. RESULTS Majority of the respondents agreed that it was necessary to wear gloves (98.6%) and facemasks (88.1%) during patients' management. More females 62(28.2%) than males 38(17.4%) assumed gloves were used by dentists to protect themselves from patients' bad breath (p=0.007). More children from Benin 97(64.2%) were aware that face masks protect the dentists and the patients (p=0.004), and a few believed that it is embarrassing to patients for dentists to wear facemasks (p=0.001). More children 102(70.8%) from Ile-Ife perceived that face masks protects from bad breath (p=0.004).Children less than 10 years (AOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.42-1.70; p=0.64), with high socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.90; 95% CI:0.53-1.52; p=0.70) and children aged 10 to 14 years (AOR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.44-1.63; p=0.62), in the middle socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.39-1.33; p=0.30) were less willing to use the dental clinic alongside children living with HIV. CONCLUSION There were sex, and clinic location disparity in the perception and attitude of children towards the use of Personal Protective Equipment and the use of the dental clinic alongside children living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Onyejaka
- Department of Child Dental Health, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - N M Chukwumah
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - E O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - N Folaranmi
- Department of Child Dental Health, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - M O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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El Tantawi M, Sabbagh HJ, Alkhateeb NA, Quritum M, Abourdan J, Qureshi N, Qureshi S, Hamoud A, Mahmoud N, Odeh R, Al-Khanati NM, Jaber R, Balkhoyor AL, Shabi M, Folayan MO, Gomaa N, Al_Nahdi R, Mahmoud N, El Wazziki H, Alnaas M, Samodien B, Mahmoud R, Abu Assab N, Saad S, Al-Hachim S, Alshaikh A, Abdelaziz W. Oral manifestations in young adults infected with COVID-19 and impact of smoking: a multi-country cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13555. [PMID: 35860046 PMCID: PMC9291069 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral manifestations and lesions could adversely impact the quality of people's lives. COVID-19 infection may interact with smoking and the impact on oral manifestations is yet to be discovered. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the self-reported presence of oral lesions by COVID-19-infected young adults and the differences in the association between oral lesions and COVID-19 infection in smokers and non-smokers. Methods This cross-sectional multi-country study recruited 18-to-23-year-old adults. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data on COVID-19-infection status, smoking and the presence of oral lesions (dry mouth, change in taste, and others) using an online platform. Multi-level logistic regression was used to assess the associations between the oral lesions and COVID-19 infection; the modifying effect of smoking on the associations. Results Data was available from 5,342 respondents from 43 countries. Of these, 8.1% reported COVID-19-infection, 42.7% had oral manifestations and 12.3% were smokers. A significantly greater percentage of participants with COVID-19-infection reported dry mouth and change in taste than non-infected participants. Dry mouth (AOR=, 9=xxx) and changed taste (AOR=, 9=xxx) were associated with COVID-19- infection. The association between COVID-19-infection and dry mouth was stronger among smokers than non-smokers (AOR = 1.26 and 1.03, p = 0.09) while the association with change in taste was stronger among non-smokers (AOR = 1.22 and 1.13, p = 0.86). Conclusion Dry mouth and changed taste may be used as an indicator for COVID-19 infection in low COVID-19-testing environments. Smoking may modify the association between some oral lesions and COVID-19-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Jafar Sabbagh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maryam Quritum
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joud Abourdan
- Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafeesa Qureshi
- City Quay Dental Practice and Implant Centre, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Shabnum Qureshi
- Department of Education, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Ahmed Hamoud
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nada Mahmoud
- Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ruba Odeh
- College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Rawiah Jaber
- General Courses, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Shabi
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Noha Gomaa
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raqiya Al_Nahdi
- Department of Dental Surgery, Oman Dental College, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Hanane El Wazziki
- Department of Cereal Plant Pathology, National Institute of Aricultural Research, Settat, Morocco
| | - Manal Alnaas
- Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Bahia Samodien
- Western Cape Education Department, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Rawa Mahmoud
- International Medical Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Abu Assab
- Schools of Awqaf, Directorate of Education, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | | | - Sondos Al-Hachim
- Health Education Services, Ingham County, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ali Alshaikh
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafaa Abdelaziz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Folayan MO, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Virtanen JI, El Tantawi M, Abeldaño GF, Ishabiyi AO, Jafer M, Al-Khanati NM, Quadri MFA, Yousaf MA, Ellakany P, Nzimande N, Ara E, Khalid Z, Lawal FB, Lusher J, Popoola BO, Idigbe I, Khan ATA, Ayanore MA, Gaffar B, Osamika BE, Aly NM, Ndembi N, Nguyen AL. Associations between COVID-19 testing status, non-communicable diseases and HIV status among residents of sub-Saharan Africa during the first wave of the pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:535. [PMID: 35692050 PMCID: PMC9188915 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determined if non-communicable disease status, HIV status, COVID-19 status and co-habiting were associated with COVID-19 test status in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Data of 5945 respondents age 18-years-old and above from 31 countries in sub-Saharan Africa collected through an online survey conducted between June and December 2020, were extracted. The dependent variable was COVID-19 status (testing positive for COVID-19 and having symptoms of COVID-19 but not getting tested). The independent variables were non-communicable disease status (hypertension, diabetes, cancer, heart conditions, respiratory conditions, depression), HIV positive status, COVID-19 status (knowing a close friend who tested positive for COVID-19 and someone who died from COVID-19) and co-habiting (yes/no). Two binary logistic regression models developed to determine associations between the dependent and independent variables were adjusted for age, sex, employment, sub region and educational status. RESULTS Having a close friend who tested positive for COVID-19 (AOR:6.747), knowing someone who died from COVID-19 infection (AOR:1.732), and living with other people (AOR:1.512) were significantly associated with higher odds of testing positive for COVID-19 infection, while living with HIV was associated with significantly lower odds of testing positive for COVID-19 infection (AOR:0.284). Also, respondents with respiratory conditions (AOR:2.487), self-reported depression (AOR:1.901), those who had a close friend who tested positive for COVID-19 infection (AOR:2.562) and who knew someone who died from COVID-19 infection (AOR:1.811) had significantly higher odds of having symptoms of COVID-19 infection but not getting tested. CONCLUSION Non-communicable diseases seem not to increase the risk for COVID-19 positive test while cohabiting seems to reduce this risk. The likelihood that those who know someone who tested positive to or who died from COVID-19 not getting tested when symptomatic suggests there is poor contact tracing in the region. People with respiratory conditions and depression need support to get tested for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O. Folayan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.10824.3f0000 0001 2183 9444Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Jorma I. Virtanen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21527 Egypt
| | - Giuliana Florencia Abeldaño
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,School of Medicine, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Anthonia Omotola Ishabiyi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.16463.360000 0001 0723 4123Centre for Rural Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Jafer
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia ,grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nuraldeen Maher Al-Khanati
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449576.d0000 0004 5895 8692Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mir Faeq Ali Quadri
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411831.e0000 0004 0398 1027Dental Public Health, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abrar Yousaf
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.444943.a0000 0004 0609 0887Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulraman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ntombifuthi Nzimande
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9008.10000 0001 1016 9625Department of Economic and Social Geography, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eshrat Ara
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,Department of Psychology, Government College for Women, Moulana Azad Road, Srinagar, Kashmir (J&K) India
| | - Zumama Khalid
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.5606.50000 0001 2151 3065Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Folake Barakat Lawal
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449469.20000 0004 0516 1006Regent’s University London, London, UK
| | - Bamidele O. Popoola
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.9582.60000 0004 1794 5983Department of Child Oral Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Idigbe
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.416197.c0000 0001 0247 1197Clinical Sciences Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.11173.350000 0001 0670 519XSchool of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590 Punjab Pakistan
| | - Martin Amogre Ayanore
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.449729.50000 0004 7707 5975Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.411975.f0000 0004 0607 035XPreventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bamidele Emmanuel Osamika
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.259956.40000 0001 2195 6763Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, OH USA
| | - Nourhan M. Aly
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21527 Egypt
| | - Nicaise Ndembi
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.461931.80000 0004 0647 1612Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Union Commission, Roosevelt Street, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Annie Lu Nguyen
- Mental Health and Wellness Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
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10
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El Tantawi M, Folayan MO, Bhayat A. Oral Health Status and Practices, and Anthropometric Measurements of Preschool Children: Protocol for a Multi-African Country Survey. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e33552. [PMID: 35476047 PMCID: PMC9096655 DOI: 10.2196/33552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases are among the most prevalent conditions with significant impact on the growth and development of young children. Data are required to plan effectively for the management of early childhood caries (ECC) and other oral diseases in this age. There are currently very few African countries with updated and nationally representative data on ECC prevalence, and risk indicators and regional data on ECC and other oral diseases are scarce. Objective We aim to determine the oral health status and practices, dietary intake, and anthropometric measurements of preschool children in several African countries. Methods A cross-sectional study will be conducted in several African countries using a standardized questionnaire and clinical examination for data collection from healthy preschool children in kindergartens and primary health care facilities. The clinical examination will assess ECC using the decayed, missing due to caries, and filled teeth (dmft) index according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, dental erosion (using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination Index), deciduous molar hypomineralization (using the European Association of Paediatric Dentistry criteria), dental fluorosis (using Dean’s Index), oral hygiene status (using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified), and oral mucosal lesions. Oral hygiene habits and dental visits will be assessed using the WHO child questionnaire, and dietary intake will be assessed using the Food and Agriculture Organization method. Anthropometric measurements will be obtained following the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry standard protocol, and the children’s nutritional status will be assessed following the WHO child growth standards. To train and calibrate examiners, educational resources and electronic forms will be used to reach interexaminer and intraexaminer reliability with κ>0.6. Descriptive analysis will determine the prevalence of clinical conditions by age and sex. Bivariate analysis and multivariable regression will assess associations between the clinical conditions and sociodemographic factors, and oral health behaviors. Results Data collection will begin after approvals and ethical clearance are obtained. The first stage will include 3 countries, namely Egypt, Nigeria, and South Africa, and collaborators from other African countries will join afterward. Conclusions This study will lay down the foundations for using validated tools to collect data on the oral health of young children in Africa, allowing researchers from different countries across Africa to collect standardized data on ECC and other oral conditions. This will facilitate comparisons and analysis of risk factors that might be unique to the African continent. The results will provide baseline data on the prevalence of oral diseases and enable planning to address the treatment needs of young African children and design programs to prevent oral diseases in the African continent. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/33552
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Bhayat
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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11
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Alhajj MN, Al-Maweri SA, Folayan MO, Halboub E, Khader Y, Omar R, Amran AG, Al-Batayneh OB, Celebić A, Persic S, Kocaelli H, Suleyman F, Alkheraif AA, Divakar DD, Mufadhal AA, Al-Wesabi MA, Alhajj WA, Aldumaini MA, Khan S, Al-Dhelai TA, Alqahtani AS, Murad AH, Makzoumé JE, Kohli S, Ziyad TA. Oral health practices and self-reported adverse effects of E-cigarette use among dental students in 11 countries: an online survey. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:18. [PMID: 35081945 PMCID: PMC8793181 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES E-cigarette use has become popular, particularly among the youth. Its use is associated with harmful general and oral health consequences. This survey aimed to assess self-reported oral hygiene practices, oral and general health events, and changes in physiological functions (including physical status, smell, taste, breathing, appetite, etc.) due to E-cigarette use among dental students. METHODS This online, multicounty survey involved undergraduate dental students from 20 dental schools across 11 different countries. The questionnaire included demographic characteristics, E-cigarette practices, self-reported complaints, and associated physiological changes due to E-cigarette smoking. Data were descriptively presented as frequencies and percentages. A Chi-square test was used to assess the potential associations between the study group and sub-groups with the different factors. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS at P < 0.05. RESULTS Most respondents reported regular brushing of their teeth, whereas only 70% used additional oral hygiene aids. Reported frequencies of complaints ranged from as low as 3.3% for tongue inflammation to as high as 53.3% for headache, with significant differences between E-cigarette users and non-users. Compared to non-smokers, E-cigarette users reported significantly higher prevalence of dry mouth (33.1% vs. 23.4%; P < 0.001), black tongue (5.9% vs. 2.8%; P = 0.002), and heart palpitation (26.3%% vs. 22.8%; P = 0.001). Although two-thirds of the sample reported no change in their physiological functions, E-cigarette users reported significant improvement in their physiological functions compared to never smokers or tobacco users. CONCLUSION Dental students showed good oral hygiene practices, but E-cigarette users showed a higher prevalence of health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Esam Halboub
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Community Medicine and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ridwaan Omar
- Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Abdullah G Amran
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Asja Celebić
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine and Clinical Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Persic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine and Clinical Hospital Centre, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Humeyra Kocaelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Firas Suleyman
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Health Sciences, İIstanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdulaziz A Alkheraif
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan D Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulbaset A Mufadhal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mohammed A Al-Wesabi
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Wadhah A Alhajj
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Civilization University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Mokhtar A Aldumaini
- Department of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibb, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Saadika Khan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thiyezen A Al-Dhelai
- Department of Orthodontic and Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Ibb, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Ahmed Shaher Alqahtani
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Murad
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniya, Iraq
| | - Joseph E Makzoumé
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shivani Kohli
- Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University (IMU), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Aregbeshola BS, Folayan MO. Nigeria's financing of health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and recommendations. World Med Health Policy 2021; 14:195-204. [PMID: 34909238 PMCID: PMC8661625 DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of the financing of Nigeria's health‐care system in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was conducted. Nigeria projected that it would need US$330 million to control its COVID‐19 pandemic. However, it raised more than US$560.52 million, of which more than 90% came from the private sector and the donor/philanthropist community. The pooled COVID‐19 fund is mainly being expended on temporary public health and clinical care measures, with little invested to strengthen the health system beyond the pandemic. The poor turn‐around time for COVID‐19 test results and the stigma associated with the disease results in most persons with mild to moderate symptoms seeking care from alternatives to the health‐care institutions designated for COVID‐19 health care. The huge out‐of‐pocket expenses, and the inability of most Nigerians to earn money because of measures instituted to contain the pandemic, will likely cause many Nigerians to become economically impoverished by the COVID‐19 pandemic. COVID‐19‐related commodity procurement was least responsive to the needs of those most in need of care and support. The government needs to institute several fiscal policies. Immediate response to ease the financial impact of COVID‐19 require inclusion of COVID‐19 management in health insurance packages and an increase in domestic government health spending. Nigeria projected that it would need US$330 million to control its COVID‐19 pandemic. However, it raised more than US$560.52 million, of which more than 90% came from the private sector and the donor/philanthropist community. The pooled COVID‐19 fund is mainly being expended on temporary public health and clinical care measures, with little invested to strengthen the health system beyond the pandemic. Immediate response to ease the financial impact of COVID‐19 require inclusion of COVID‐19 management in health insurance packages and an increase in domestic government health spending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolaji S Aregbeshola
- Priority Research Centre for Health Behavior, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Teaching Hospitals Complex Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria
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13
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Obiyan MO, Olaleye AO, Ijadunola MY, Folayan MO. The body cannot be cheated: sexual practices and modern contraceptive use among street-involved young people in two South West States in Nigeria. AAS Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13241.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Young people aged 10-24 years constitute about one-third of the total population of Nigeria. Street-involved young people (SIYP) face a double burden of living condition instability and lack of adequate parental monitoring. This leaves them vulnerable to poor sexual and reproductive health (SRH) choices and behaviour. Risky sexual behaviour with poor access to SRH information and interventions increases their vulnerability to adverse SRH outcomes. This study explored the use of modern contraceptives and sexual practices among male and female SIYP (10-24 years) in Nigeria. Methods: This qualitative study used an exploratory research design to guide the development of the focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview (IDI) guides. Participants were asked questions on background information, lived experiences and SRH practices. The FGDs were stratified by sex and age. Both FGD discussions and IDI interviews were recoded; transcripts were transcribed and translated from local dialect into English language. Content analysis was conducted thematically with the aid of NVivo. Results: In total, 17 IDIs and 11 FGDs were conducted among SIYP aged 10-24 years. The total number of respondents interviewed was 109. There is high awareness of modern contraceptives among SIYP; the commonly known method was condom with a few also aware of emergency contraceptives pills. However, participants reported low use of modern contraceptives. The common reasons alluded for not using condoms were reduced sexual pleasure, cost and associated myths. The five themes that emerged under sexual practices of SIYP included early age at first sexual encounter, multiple sex partners, transactional sex, same-sex relationships, and transactional sex. Conclusions: There is low utilization of contraceptives by SIYP against the background of their high-risk sexual practices. SIYP would benefit from free contraceptive education, social safety nets and interventions to dissuade them from transactional sex and other unhealthy sexual practices.
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Coker M, Folayan MO, Michelow IC, Oladokun RE, Torbunde N, Sam-Agudu NA. Things must not fall apart: the ripple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children in sub-Saharan Africa. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1078-1086. [PMID: 32971527 PMCID: PMC8119239 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zero to 19 year-old children in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate proportion of the global burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Significant public health gains have been made in the fight against these diseases, however, factors such as underequipped health systems, disease outbreaks, conflict, and political instability continue to challenge prevention and control. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) introduces new challenges to public health programs in sub-Saharan Africa. Of particular concern are programs targeting major conditions among children, such as undernutrition, vaccine-preventable pneumonia and diarrhea, malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, and sickle cell disease. This article focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child health in sub-Saharan Africa. We review the epidemiology of major pediatric diseases and, referencing modeling projections, discuss the short- and long-term impact of the pandemic on major disease control. We deliberate on potential complications of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities and identify critical social and ethical issues. Furthermore, we highlight the paucity of COVID-19 data and clinical trials in this region and the lack of child participants in ongoing studies. Lastly, approaches and interventions to mitigate the pandemic's impact on child health outcomes are discussed. IMPACT: Children in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases globally; this remains true even as the COVID-19 pandemic persists. Amidst the fast-expanding COVID-19 literature, there is little comprehensive coverage of the pandemic's indirect impact on child health in sub-Saharan Africa. This article comprehensively outlines the threat that the pandemic poses to major disease prevention and control for children in sub-Saharan Africa. It discusses the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 co-infections/co-morbidities, highlights research gaps, and advocates for data and action to mitigate the ripple effects of the pandemic on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modupe Coker
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Plot 252 Herbert Macaulay Way, Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ian C Michelow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Regina E Oladokun
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine University of Ibadan and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nguavese Torbunde
- Pediatric and Adolescent HIV Unit, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Plot 252 Herbert Macaulay Way, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Pediatric and Adolescent HIV Unit, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast, Ghana.
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15
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Ammar N, Aly NM, Folayan MO, Mohebbi SZ, Attia S, Howaldt HP, Boettger S, Khader Y, Maharani DA, Rahardjo A, Khan I, Madi M, Shamala A, Al-Batayneh OB, Rashwan M, Pavlic V, Cicmil S, Galluccio G, Polimeni A, Mancino D, Arheiam A, Dama MA, Nyan M, Phantumvanit P, Kim JB, Choi YH, Castillo JL, Joury E, Abdelsalam MM, Alkeshan MM, Hussein I, Vukovic AP, Iandolo A, Kemoli AM, El Tantawi M. Knowledge of dental academics about the COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-country online survey. BMC Med Educ 2020; 20:399. [PMID: 33138810 PMCID: PMC7605331 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a global pandemic affecting all aspects of life in all countries. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge and associated factors among dental academics in 26 countries. METHODS We invited dental academics to participate in a cross-sectional, multi-country, online survey from March to April 2020. The survey collected data on knowledge of COVID-19 regarding the mode of transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, protection, and dental treatment precautions as well as participants' background variables. Multilevel linear models were used to assess the association between dental academics' knowledge of COVID-19 and individual level (personal and professional) and country-level (number of COVID-19 cases/ million population) factors accounting for random variation among countries. RESULTS Two thousand forty-five academics participated in the survey (response rate 14.3%, with 54.7% female and 67% younger than 46 years of age). The mean (SD) knowledge percent score was 73.2 (11.2) %, and the score of knowledge of symptoms was significantly lower than the score of knowledge of diagnostic methods (53.1 and 85.4%, P < 0.0001). Knowledge score was significantly higher among those living with a partner/spouse than among those living alone (regression coefficient (B) = 0.48); higher among those with PhD degrees than among those with Bachelor of Dental Science degrees (B = 0.48); higher among those seeing 21 to 30 patients daily than among those seeing no patients (B = 0.65); and higher among those from countries with a higher number of COVID-19 cases/million population (B = 0.0007). CONCLUSIONS Dental academics had poorer knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms than of COVID-19 diagnostic methods. Living arrangements, academic degrees, patient load, and magnitude of the epidemic in the country were associated with COVD-19 knowledge among dental academics. Training of dental academics on COVID-19 can be designed using these findings to recruit those with the greatest need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Simin Z Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boettger
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Diah A Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Anton Rahardjo
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, College of Dentistry, University of Science & Technology, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Maher Rashwan
- Center for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Verica Pavlic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Smiljka Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, East Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Gabriella Galluccio
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
- Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mai A Dama
- Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Myat Nyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | | | - Jin-Bom Kim
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Maha M Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M Alkeshan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Iyad Hussein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ana P Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Arthur M Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Ramos-Gomez F, Sabbah W. Early childhood caries and its associations with sugar consumption, overweight and exclusive breastfeeding in low, middle and high-income countries: an ecological study. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9413. [PMID: 33062406 PMCID: PMC7533058 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This ecological study examined the associations between the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), overweight, country’s per capita sugar consumption and duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Methods Per capita consumption of sugar in kilograms, percentage of children exclusively breastfed until 6 months of age, percentage of 0–5-year-old children with overweight status, and percentage of 3–5-year-old children with ECC were compared among low-income countries (LICs), middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). The association between the prevalence of ECC and the study variables, and the effect modification by income region were assessed using multivariable linear regression models. Regression coefficients, confidence intervals, partial eta squared and P-values for effect modification were calculated. Results The per capita sugar consumption in LICs was significantly lower than in MICs (P = 0.001) and HICs (P < 0.001). The percentage of infants who exclusively breastfed up to 6 months was significantly lower in HICs than in LICs (P < 0.001) and MICs (P = 0.003). The prevalence of overweight was significantly lower in LICs than in MICs (P < 0.001) and HICs (P = 0.021). The prevalence of ECC was significantly lower in HICs than in MICs (P < 0.001). Income was a significant modifier of the associations between the prevalence of ECC, per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.005), and exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (P = 0.03). The associations between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption at the global level and for MICs were stronger (partial eta squared = 0.05 and 0.13 respectively) than for LICs and HICs (partial eta squared <0.0001 and 0.003 respectively). Only in MICs was there a significant association between the prevalence of ECC and per capita sugar consumption (P = 0.002), and between the prevalence of ECC and the percentage of children exclusively breastfed up to 6 months (P = 0.02). Conclusion Though the quantity of sugar consumption and exclusive breastfeeding may be a significant risk indicator for ECC in MICs, sugar consumption may be more of a risk indicator for ECC in HICs than in LICs, and vice versa for exclusive breastfeeding. Although ECC and overweight are both sugar-related diseases, we found no significant relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Francisco Ramos-Gomez
- Division of Growth & Development, Section of Pediatric Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wael Sabbah
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, University of London, London, UK
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17
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Ammar N, Aly NM, Folayan MO, Khader Y, Virtanen JI, Al-Batayneh OB, Mohebbi SZ, Attia S, Howaldt HP, Boettger S, Maharani DA, Rahardjo A, Khan I, Madi M, Rashwan M, Pavlic V, Cicmil S, Choi YH, Joury E, Castillo JL, Noritake K, Shamala A, Galluccio G, Polimeni A, Phantumvanit P, Mancino D, Kim JB, Abdelsalam MM, Arheiam A, Dama MA, Nyan M, Hussein I, Alkeshan MM, Vukovic AP, Iandolo A, Kemoli AM, El Tantawi M. Behavior change due to COVID-19 among dental academics-The theory of planned behavior: Stresses, worries, training, and pandemic severity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239961. [PMID: 32991611 PMCID: PMC7523990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE COVID-19 pandemic led to major life changes. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on dental academics globally and on changes in their behaviors. METHODS We invited dental academics to complete a cross-sectional, online survey from March to May 2020. The survey was based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The survey collected data on participants' stress levels (using the Impact of Event Scale), attitude (fears, and worries because of COVID-19 extracted by Principal Component Analysis (PCA), perceived control (resulting from training on public health emergencies), norms (country-level COVID-19 fatality rate), and personal and professional backgrounds. We used multilevel regression models to assess the association between the study outcome variables (frequent handwashing and avoidance of crowded places) and explanatory variables (stress, attitude, perceived control and norms). RESULTS 1862 academics from 28 countries participated in the survey (response rate = 11.3%). Of those, 53.4% were female, 32.9% were <46 years old and 9.9% had severe stress. PCA extracted three main factors: fear of infection, worries because of professional responsibilities, and worries because of restricted mobility. These factors had significant dose-dependent association with stress and were significantly associated with more frequent handwashing by dental academics (B = 0.56, 0.33, and 0.34) and avoiding crowded places (B = 0.55, 0.30, and 0.28). Low country fatality rates were significantly associated with more handwashing (B = -2.82) and avoiding crowded places (B = -6.61). Training on public health emergencies was not significantly associated with behavior change (B = -0.01 and -0.11). CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 had a considerable psychological impact on dental academics. There was a direct, dose-dependent association between change in behaviors and worries but no association between these changes and training on public health emergencies. More change in behaviors was associated with lower country COVID-19 fatality rates. Fears and stresses were associated with greater adoption of preventive measures against the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ammar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Yousef Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Simin Z Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sameh Attia
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Howaldt
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boettger
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Diah A Maharani
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Anton Rahardjo
- Department of Preventive and Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Marwa Madi
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Rashwan
- Center for Oral Bioengineering, Barts and the London, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Verica Pavlic
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Smiljka Cicmil
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine Foca, University of East Sarajevo, Foca, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Easter Joury
- Centre for Dental Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Adolescents, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kanako Noritake
- Oral Diagnosis and General Dentistry department, Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anas Shamala
- Department of Preventive and Biomedical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology, Sanaa, Yemen
| | - Gabriella Galluccio
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Mancino
- Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jin-Bom Kim
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Maha M Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya
| | - Mai A Dama
- Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Myat Nyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Dental Medicine, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Iyad Hussein
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad M Alkeshan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ana P Vukovic
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Alfredo Iandolo
- Department of Endodontics, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Arthur M Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, School of Dental Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Olaleye AO, Obiyan MO, Folayan MO. Factors associated with sexual and reproductive health behaviour of street-involved young people: findings from a baseline survey in Southwest Nigeria. Reprod Health 2020; 17:94. [PMID: 32527331 PMCID: PMC7291518 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-020-00937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To achieve the Sustainable Development Goal 3, which is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all persons of all ages, street-involved young people (SIYP) must be assured of universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare. This study aims to determine the factors associated with age- and sex-specific differences in the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) behaviour of SIYP in southwest Nigeria. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that recruited 1505 SIYP aged 10-24 years by use of respondent-driven and time-location sampling. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires on socioeconomic characteristics; access to SRH information; contraceptive knowledge and use; sexual behavior; and sexual practice. The outcome variables were inconsistent condom use, multiple sexual partners, and transactional sex. Binomial regression analysis models were developed to determine risk indicators for outcome variables. RESULTS Although 968 (64.3%) participants were sexually active and 1089 (72.4%) knew about modern contraception, only 300 (31.0%) sexually active respondents used modern contraceptives. Knowledge of modern contraception (AOR: 0.11; 95% C.I: 0.01-0.82, p = 0.03) and being employed (AOR: 0.38; 95% C.I: 0.15-0.95, p = 0.04) reduced the odds for inconsistent condom use among male SIYPs. For female SIYPs, knowledge of modern contraception reduced the odds for inconsistent condom use (AOR: 0.26; 95% C.I: 0.08-0.90, p = 0.03), whereas access to SRH information significantly increased the odds for inconsistent condom use (AOR: 5.06; 95% C.I: 1.67-15.37, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Age- and sex- related factors associated with risky sexual behaviors vary among SIYP. Addressing these differences in the delivery of targeted interventions to reduce sexual health risk of SIYP may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke O Olaleye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Babcock University, Ilishan, Nigeria.
| | - Mary O Obiyan
- Department of Demography and Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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19
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Abstract
In 2004 and 2005, the first clinical trials were launched to investigate the use of tenofovir for HIV prevention in Cambodia, Cameroon, Nigeria and Thailand. Controversies erupted over the ethical integrity of the research protocol. We reflect on the events that led to the controversies and identified that scientific and ethical concerns raised by members of local communities at each of these sites were erased by trialists, causing crisis that led to premature shut down the early PrEP trials. In the aftermath of these trials, the World Health Organisation, UNAIDS, and AVAC developed ethics guidelines intended to recognize the concerns as authentic, and developed guidelines to improve researchers’ engagement of communities in biomedical HIV prevention trial design and implementation. Our findings suggest that the ethics guidelines are limited in its ability to address power inequalities that leads to voice erasures and non-recognition of local competencies. Rather the ethical documents enabled trialists to gain a new sense of authority through the interpretations of ethical research conduct enabling trialists regain power that can further entrench inequality and voice erasures. To address concerns with what seems an intractable problem, we suggested models of engagement for off-shored research may be the option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kristin Peterson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Irvine, USA
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20
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Folayan MO, El Tantawi M, Schroth RJ, Kemoli AM, Gaffar B, Amalia R, Feldens CA. Association Between Environmental Health, Ecosystem Vitality, and Early Childhood Caries. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:196. [PMID: 32509710 PMCID: PMC7248316 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Environmental issues lead to serious health problems in young growing children. This study aims to determine the association between a country's level of environmental health, ecosystem vitality, and prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: This was an ecological study. The data for the explanatory variables-country-level environmental performance index (EPI), environmental health, and ecosystem vitality-were obtained from the Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy. The outcome variables were country-level prevalence of ECC in 0- to 2-year-old and 3- to 5-year-old children. The country EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality were matched with country ECC prevalence for 0- to 2-year-olds and 3- to 5-year-olds for the period of 2007 to 2017. Differences in the variables by country income level were determined using ANOVA. Multivariate ANOVA was used to determine the association between ECC prevalence in 0- to 2-year-olds and 3- to 5-year-olds, and EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality, adjusting for each country's per-capita gross national income. Results: Thirty-seven countries had complete data on ECC in 0- to 2-year-old and 3- to 5-year-old children, EPI, environmental health, and ecosystem vitality scores. There were significant differences in ECC prevalence of 0- to 2-year-olds and 3- to 5-year-olds between countries with different income levels. Also, there were significant differences in EPI (P < 0.0001), environmental health score (P < 0.0001), and ecosystem vitality (P = 0.01) score by country income levels. High-income countries had significantly higher EPI scores than did low-income countries (P = 0.001), lower-middle-income countries (P < 0.0001), and upper-middle-income countries (P < 0.0001). There was an inverse non-significant relationship between ECC prevalence and EPI in 0- to 2-year-olds (B = -0.06; P = 0.84) and 3- to 5-year-olds (B = -0.30; P = 0.50), and ecosystem vitality in 0- to 2-year-olds (B = -0.55, P = 0.08) and 3- to 5-year-olds (B = -0.96; P = 0.02). Environmental health was directly and non-significantly associated with ECC in 0- to 2-year-olds (B = 0.20; P = 0.23) and 3- to 5-year-olds (B = 0.22; P = 0.32). Conclusions: There was a complex relationship between various indicators of environmental performance and ECC prevalence. The association with EPI and ecosystem vitality was inverse whereas the association with environmental health was direct. Only the inverse association with ecosystem vitality in 3-5 year old children was significant. There may be higher risk of ECC with greater economic development, industrialization, and urbanization, while better ecosystem vitality may offer protection against ECC through the rational use of resources, healthy life choices, and preventive health practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Arthur M Kemoli
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Balgis Gaffar
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosa Amalia
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Carlos A Feldens
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Universidade Luterana Do Brasil, Canoas, Brazil
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21
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Johnson T, Folayan MO. Unintended HIV-1 Transmission to a Sex Partner in a Study of a Therapeutic Vaccine Candidate. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:1233-1234. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Johnson
- Vaccine Advocacy Resource Group, Durban, South Africa
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22
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Abstract
In 2004, the first ever multi-sited clinical trials studied the prospect of HIV biomedical prevention (referred to as pre-exposure prophylaxis-'PrEP'). The trials were implemented at several international sites, but many officially closed down before they completed. At most sites, both scientists and community AIDS advocates raised concerns over the ethics and scientific rationales of the trial. Focusing on the Nigerian trial site, we detail the controversy that emerged among mostly Nigerian research scientists who scrutinized the research design and protocol. While some of the disputes, especially those pertaining to community engagement mechanisms, were ultimately resolved in international fora and implemented in later PrEP trials, concerns over science rationales and assumptions were never addressed. We argue that scientific rationales should be treated as ethical concerns and suggest that such concerns should be deliberated at host sites before the trial protocol is finalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Peterson
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
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23
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El Tantawi M, Folayan MO, Mehaina M, Vukovic A, Castillo JL, Gaffar BO, Arheiam A, Al-Batayneh OB, Kemoli AM, Schroth RJ, Lee GHM. Prevalence and Data Availability of Early Childhood Caries in 193 United Nations Countries, 2007-2017. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:1066-1072. [PMID: 29927650 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between health care system and economic factors and early childhood caries (ECC) data availability and prevalence. METHODS We estimated ECC data for 193 United Nations countries from studies published between 2007 and 2017. We obtained other variables from the World Health Organization and the World Bank databases. We assessed association with ECC data availability by using logistic regression and with ECC prevalence by using linear regression. RESULTS We included 190 publications from 88 (45.6%) countries. The mean ECC prevalence was 23.8% and 57.3% in children younger than 36 months and children aged 36 to 71 months, respectively. The odds of ECC data availability were significantly higher for countries with more physicians and more dentists. In children younger than 36 months, ECC prevalence was associated with universal health coverage (B = -6.56). In children aged 36 to 71 months, it was associated with growth of gross national income (B = 0.27). CONCLUSIONS Countries with more physicians and more dentists were more likely to have ECC data. Among those with data, countries with higher economic growth had higher ECC prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha El Tantawi
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Mohamed Mehaina
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ana Vukovic
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jorge L Castillo
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Balgis O Gaffar
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Arheiam Arheiam
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ola B Al-Batayneh
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur M Kemoli
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Robert J Schroth
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Gillian H M Lee
- Maha El Tantawi and Balgis O. Gaffar are with the Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Mohamed Mehaina is with Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Alexandria, Egypt. Ana Vukovic is with the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia. Jorge L. Castillo is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. Arheiam Arheiam is with the Department of Community and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya. Ola B. Al-Batayneh is with the Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Arthur M. Kemoli is with the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya. Robert J. Schroth is with the Department of Preventive Dental Science, Dr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, and Departments of Pediatrics and Child Health and Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba. Gillian H. M. Lee is with Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Onyejaka NK, Agbaje HO, Chukwumah NM, Oyedele TA. General anxiety, dental anxiety, digit sucking, caries and oral hygiene status of children resident in a semi-urban population in Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2018; 18:66. [PMID: 29678182 PMCID: PMC5910609 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digit sucking can represent untreated anxiety or other emotional problems. The aim of this study was to determine if digit sucking is a predictor of general anxiety and dental anxiety; and if general and dental anxiety are associated with caries and oral hygiene status of children resident in sub-urban Nigeria. METHODS This was a secondary data analysis of a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The level of general anxiety and dental anxiety of 450 6 to12 year old children were measured using the Revised Child Manifest Anxiety Scale and Dental Subscale of the Child Fear Survey Schedule respectively. Presence of digit sucking habit, caries and oral hygiene status were determined. General anxiety and dental anxiety scores were dichotomized into low and high levels respectively. Logistic regression was conducted to determine if digit sucking was a predictor of general anxiety and dental anxiety; and if general anxiety and dental anxiety were predictors caries and good oral hygiene status. Adjustments were made for age and sex. RESULTS Digit sucking is not a significant predictor of dental anxiety (p = 0.99) and general anxiety (p = 0.79). Children with high general anxiety (AOR: 5.02; 95% CI: 2.9-9.74; p < 0.001) and high dental anxiety (AOR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.15-2.65; p = 0.009) had higher odds of having caries and good oral hygiene respectively. CONCLUSION Digit sucking was not a significant predictor of general anxiety and dental anxiety. General and dental anxiety however, had effects on the likelihood of having caries and good oral hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Kikelomo A Kolawole
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nneka K Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Hakeem O Agbaje
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nneka M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Titus A Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Folayan MO, Cáceres CF, Sam-Agudu NA, Odetoyinbo M, Stockman JK, Harrison A. Psychological Stressors and Coping Strategies Used by Adolescents Living with and Not Living with Hiv Infection in Nigeria. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:2736-2745. [PMID: 27605363 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-016-1534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about stressful triggers and coping strategies of Nigerian adolescents and whether or not, and how, HIV infection modulates these sources of stress and coping. This study evaluated differences in stressors and coping strategies among Nigerian adolescents based on HIV status. We analysed the data of six hundred 10-19 year old adolescents recruited through a population-based survey from 12 States of Nigeria who self-reported their HIV status. Data on stressors and coping strategies were retrieved by self-report from participants, using a validated structured questionnaire. We compared results between adolescents with and without HIV with respect to identification of specific life events as stressors, and use of specific coping strategies to manage stress. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. Adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) had significantly increased odds of identifying 'having to visit the hospital regularly' (AOR: 5.85; 95 % CI: 2.11-16.20; P = 0.001), and 'having to take drugs regularly' (AOR: 9.70; 95 % CI: 4.13-22.81; P < 0.001) as stressors; and 'Seeking social support' (AOR: 3.14; 95 % CI: 1.99-4.93; p < 0.001) and 'using mental disengagement' (OR: 1.64; 95 % CI: 0.49-1.84; p = 0.001) as coping strategies. Adolescents not living with HIV had significantly increased odds of identifying 'argument with a friend or family member' as a stressor (AOR: 6.59; 95 % CI: 3.62-11.98; P < 0.001). Life events related to adolescents' HIV positive status were significant stressors for ALHIV. Providing targeted psychosocial support could help reduce the impact of such HIV status-related stressors on ALHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Institute of Public Health and Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, 22005, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Carlos F Cáceres
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Sexuality, AIDS and Society, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Nadia A Sam-Agudu
- Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, USA
| | | | - Jamila K Stockman
- Division of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Abigail Harrison
- Population Studies and Training Center, and Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Public Health Program, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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Abstract
The highest burden of diseases worldwide is in low- and middle-income countries, but due to lack of capacity and inadequate infrastructure, research output from these countries is unable to address existing and emerging challenges in health care. Oral health research has particularly been hampered by low prioritization, resulting in insufficient development of this sector. There is an urgent need for research correlating oral health to upstream social and environmental determinants and promoting the common risk factor approach for prevention of noncommunicable diseases. Population-wide preventive measures for oral health care are more effective than purely curative approaches, especially for vulnerable groups who have limited access to information and appropriate health care. This article identifies priorities and proposes strategies for researchers, stakeholders, and policy makers for the initiation and sustenance of appropriate oral health care research. The proposed interventions are intended to promote collaboration, capacity building, and health advocacy. Local ownership in multinational research projects in low- and middle-income countries, complemented by skills transfer from high-income countries, is encouraged to ensure that regional health needs are addressed. Emphasis is placed on a shift toward translational research that has a direct impact on oral health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naidoo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Dimba
- School of Dental Science, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - V Yengopal
- School of Oral Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M O Folayan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowa University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - E S Akpata
- College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
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Oyedele TA, Jegede AT, Folayan MO. Prevalence and family structures related factors associated with crown trauma in school children resident in suburban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:116. [PMID: 27814704 PMCID: PMC5097397 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple risk factors have been identified for traumatic dental injuries, including crown fractures, in various age groups and various populations. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors and family related factors for crown trauma among 8 to 16 year-old children in a suburban population, Nigeria. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a data of 2107 children collected through a school-based survey. Study participants were 8 to 16 year-old resident in suburban Nigeria. The independent variables for the study were age, sex, socioeconomic status, and birth rank, family size and parenting status (one parent, step parent, both parents, and guardians). Details were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Intraoral examination was conducted to identify presence of crown fracture. The independent variables associated with and predictors of crown trauma were determinedusing chi-square and logistic regression analysis respectively. RESULTS Only 167 (7.9 %) of the 2107 study participants had crown trauma. The teeth level prevalence of crown trauma was 0.33 %. Children with middle socioeconomic status had reduced odds of having crown trauma when compared with children with low socioeconomic status (AOR 0.50; CI 0.32-0.80). The odds of having crown traumawas more than doubled in males when compared with females (AOR 2.41; CI 1.72-3.39) and almost doubled in children living with single parents when compared with children living with both parents (AOR 1.94; CI 1.29-3.05). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of crown traumawas low in this study population. Being a female and having lowsocioeconomic status significantly reduced the risk factors for crown traumawhile living with single parents increased risk for crown trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Oyedele
- Department of Surgery, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria. .,Dental Department, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria.
| | - A T Jegede
- Dental Department, Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - M O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun, Nigeria
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget G Haire
- Bridget G. Haire is with the Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Bridget G. Haire is with the Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia. Morenike O. Folayan is with the Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Folayan MO, Adeniyi AA, Oziegbe EO, Fatusi AO, Harrison A. Integrated oral, mental and sexual health management for adolescents: a call for professional collaboration. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2016; 30:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2016-0060/ijamh-2016-0060.xml. [PMID: 27505085 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2016-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, young people account for 15.5% of the total global disability-adjusted life-years burden for all age groups. They face mental health, nutritional problems, accidental and intentional injuries, sexual and reproductive health problems, and substance abuse. These health challenges have effects on their oral health. This paper discusses the oral health problems adolescents face and suggests approaches for providing integrated oral and general health care for adolescents. DISCUSSION Oral health issues linked with adolescent health concerns include: malocclusion and esthetic concerns linked with mental health status; oral and maxillofacial injuries linked with accidental and intentional injuries; oral manifestations of sexually transmitted infections; oral leukoplakia and oral cancers linked with alcohol, tobacco and psychoactive substance abuse; and oral manifestations of anemia resulting from nutritional problems. Training oral health care providers on adolescent health and care could promote prompt diagnosis, management and prevention of complications associated with major health challenges affecting adolescents. CONCLUSION Adolescent oral health care needs focused attention: as a possible route for early diagnosis and management of general health problems and for promoting adolescent oral health care. Oral health care should be integrated into adolescent friendly services and oral health care providers should learn how to handle adolescents' health needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Paediatric Dental Working Group and Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Phone: +2347062920394
| | - Abiola A Adeniyi
- Paediatric Dental Working Group and Department of Preventive Dentistry, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Adesegun O Fatusi
- Department of Community Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Abigail Harrison
- Brown University, School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, International Health Institute, Providence, RI,USA
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Popoola BO, Onyejaka N, Folayan MO. Prevalence of developmental dental hard-tissue anomalies and association with caries and oral hygiene status of children in Southwestern, Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:8. [PMID: 27430583 PMCID: PMC4948098 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0236-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developmental dental hard tissue anomalies are often associated with oral health problems. This study determined the clinical prevalence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies in the permanent dentition of children resident in southwestern Nigeria and its association with dental caries and poor oral hygiene status. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study recruiting 1565 school children, 12 to 15 year old attending schools in Ibadan, Oyo State and Ile-Ife, Osun State. All eligible study participants had oral examinations conducted to determine presence of developmental hard dental tissue anomalies, caries and oral hygiene status. The prevalence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies was determined. Logistic Poisson regression was used to determine the association of between developmental dental hard tissue anomalies, caries and oral hygiene status. RESULTS Only 65 (4.2 %) children had clinically diagnosed developmental dental hard tissue anomalies. The most prevalent anomaly was enamel hypoplasia (2.2 %). More females (p = 0.003) and more children with middle socioeconomic class (p = 0.001) had enamel hypoplasia. The probability of having poor oral hygiene was significantly increased for children with developmental dental anomalies (APR: 0.07; 95 % CI: 0.03 - 0.12; p = 0.002). The probability of having caries was insignificantly increased for children with developmental dental hard tissue anomalies (APR: 0.005; 95 % CI: -0.03 - 0.04; p = 0.08). CONCLUSION The most prevalence clinically detectable developmental dental hard tissue anomalies for the study population was enamel hypoplasia. The presence of developmental dental hard tissue anomalies significantly increased the chances of having poor oral hygiene but not caries. Further studies are required to understand if poor oral hygiene is associated with dental caries in children with developmental dental hard tissue anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamidele O Popoola
- Department of Child Oral Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Nneka Onyejaka
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Oyedele TA, Folayan MO, Oziegbe EO. Hypomineralised second primary molars: prevalence, pattern and associated co morbidities in 8- to 10-year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:65. [PMID: 27259516 PMCID: PMC4893208 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study tries to determine the prevalence and co-morbidities associated with hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) in 8- to 10- year-old children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria; and the co-existence of HSPM and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) in the study population. Methods This was a cross sectional study involving 8- to 10- year-old children in schooling in suburban Nigeria. Information was collected on the child's age, sex and socioeconomic status. Intraoral examination was conducted to determine the presence of HSPM, MIH, caries and the oral hygiene status of study participants. The severity of HSPM was also determined. The prevalence of HSPM, the association between HSPM, sex and socioeconomic status of study participants, the difference in the prevalence of caries and poor oral hygiene in children with and without HSPM, and the prevalence of HSPM and MIH co-morbidity were determined. Results Twenty seven of the 469 children examined (5.8 %) had HSPM. The tooth prevalence of HSPM was 3.9 %. There was no significant sex (p = 0.06), age (p = 0.41), and socioeconomic status (p = 0.67) differences between children with HSPM and without HSPM. More children with HSPM had caries (p ≤ 0.001) and poor oral hygiene (p = 0.01). Children with HSPM have increased odds having dental caries (AOR: 6.34; CI: 2.78–14.46; p = <0.001) and reduced odds of having good oral hygiene (AOR: 0.32; CI: 0.13–0.78; p = 0.01) when compare with children without HSPM. Also 77.8 % of children with HSPM also had MIH. Conclusion The prevalence of HSPM in the study population is significantly high. The large number of children with HSPM and MIH also suggests that HSPM is a predisposing factor for MIH. The significantly higher proportion of children with HSPM who had caries and poor oral hygiene makes it imperative to institute screening programmes for HSPM/MIH in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Oyedele
- Department of Surgery, Benjamin Carson, Snr, School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. .,Dental Department, Babcock University Teaching Hospial, Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - M O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - E O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Agbaje HO, Kolawole KA, Folayan MO, Onyejaka NK, Oziegbe EO, Oyedele TA, Chukwumah NM, Oshomoji OV. Digit Sucking, Age, Sex, and Socioeconomic Status as Determinants of Oral Hygiene Status and Gingival Health of Children in Suburban Nigeria. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1047-56. [PMID: 27240472 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.150681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determines prevalence of digit sucking and gingivitis, and association among age, sex, socioeconomic status, presence of digit-sucking habits, oral hygiene status (OHS), and gingivitis among a group of Nigerian children. METHODS Data of 992 children aged 1 to 12 years recruited through a household survey conducted in Osun State, Nigeria were analyzed. Information on age, sex, socioeconomic status, and history of digit-sucking habits were collected. Children were assessed for OHS and severity of gingivitis using the simplified oral hygiene index and the gingival index, respectively. Predictors of presence of gingivitis and poor oral hygiene were determined using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One (0.2%) and 454 (93.0%) children aged 1 to 5 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. Twenty-two (4.4%) and 361 (72.9%) children aged 6 to 12 years had poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis, respectively. The odds of having poor oral hygiene (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20 to 0.35; P <0.001) and gingivitis (AOR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.31; P <0.001) was significantly reduced for children aged 1 to 5 years. The odds of having gingivitis was increased in children with low socioeconomic status (AOR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.31; P = 0.002). There was no significant relationship among sex, digit sucking, OHS, and presence of gingivitis. CONCLUSIONS A digit-sucking habit did not increase chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis. Increasing age and low socioeconomic status were factors that significantly increased chances of having poor oral hygiene and gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakeem O Agbaje
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo A Kolawole
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Nneka K Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex
| | - Titus A Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nneka M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun V Oshomoji
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals' Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Folayan MO, Haire BG, Brown B. Critical role of ethics in clinical management and public health response to the West Africa Ebola epidemic. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2016; 9:55-65. [PMID: 27274326 PMCID: PMC4869630 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s83907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The devastation caused by the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa has brought to the fore a number of important ethical debates about how best to respond to a health crisis. These debates include issues related to prevention and containment, management of the health care workforce, clinical care, and research design, all of which are situated within the overarching moral problem of severe transnational disadvantage, which has very real and specific impacts upon the ability of citizens of EVD-affected countries to respond to a disease outbreak. Ethical issues related to prevention and containment include the appropriateness and scope of quarantine and isolation within and outside affected countries. The possibility of infection in health care workers impelled consideration of whether there is an obligation to provide health services where personal protection equipment is inadequate, alongside the issue of whether the health care workforce should have special access to experimental treatment and care interventions under development. In clinical care, ethical issues include the standards of care owed to people who comply with quarantine and isolation restrictions. Ethical issues in research include appropriate study design related to experimental vaccines and treatment interventions, and the sharing of data and biospecimens between research groups. The compassionate use of experimental drugs intersects both with research ethics and clinical care. The role of developed countries also came under scrutiny, and we concluded that developed countries have an obligation to contribute to the containment of EVD infection by contributing to the strengthening of local health care systems and infrastructure in an effort to provide fair benefits to communities engaged in research, ensuring that affected countries have ready and affordable access to any therapeutic or preventative interventions developed, and supporting affected countries on their way to recovery from the impact of EVD on their social and economic lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Bridget G Haire
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brandon Brown
- Center for Healthy Communities, Department of Social Medicine and Population Health, University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA, USA
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Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Chukwumah NM, Oyedele T, Agbaje HO, Onyejaka N, Oziegbe EO, Oshomoji OV. Use of caries prevention tools and associated caries risk in a suburban population of children in Nigeria. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2016; 17:187-93. [PMID: 27160760 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-016-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the association between use of recommended oral self-care (ROSC) caries prevention tools and presence of dental caries in children resident in suburban Nigeria. METHODOLOGY Secondary analysis was conducted for a dataset generated for 1-12 years old children recruited through a household survey. Information on use of ROSC caries prevention tools (brushing more than once a day, use of fluoridated toothpaste always, and eating sugary snacks between main meals less than once a day), use of oral health adjuncts (dental floss, mouth rinses, other tooth cleansing agents) and presence of caries were extracted. The odds of having caries when ROSC caries prevention tools were used singly or in combination, were determined using multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. RESULTS The single or combined use of ROSC caries prevention tools had no statistically significant association with presence of caries. Brushing more than once a day reduced the odds of having caries while consumption of sugar between meals once a day or more increased the odds of having caries after adjusting for age and gender. The use of two ROSC caries prevention tools reduced the risk for caries (AOR 0.28; 95 % CI 0.05-1.53) when adjusted for age. The converse was observed when adjusted for gender (AOR 1.15; 95 % CI 0.38-3.45). The largest effect size was observed when sugary snacks were taken once a day or more between meals after adjusting for age (AOR 5.74; 95 % CI 0.34-96.11). CONCLUSION The use of a combination of fluoridated toothpaste and twice-daily tooth brushing had the largest effect on reducing the chance for caries in children resident in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - K A Kolawole
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - N M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Titus Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - H O Agbaje
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - N Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - E O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - O V Oshomoji
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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Chukwumah NM, Folayan MO, Oziegbe EO, Umweni AA. Impact of dental caries and its treatment on the quality of life of 12- to 15-year-old adolescents in Benin, Nigeria. Int J Paediatr Dent 2016; 26:66-76. [PMID: 25864531 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the impact of caries and its treatment on quality of life (QoL) in 12- to 15-year-old children in Benin, Nigeria. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study involving 1790 children. Clinical examinations were conducted using the WHO criteria for diagnosis and coding of caries. The Decayed Missing Filled Teeth score of each child was calculated. The child Oral Impact on Daily Performance questionnaire was used to assess the QoL of children with caries pre- and post-treatment. Associations between age, sex, and socio-economic status and caries were analysed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The prevalence of caries in the study population was 21.9%. Approximately 57% of children with caries reported negative impact on their QoL pre-treatment. Eating (47.6%) was the most affected domain. The mean pre-treatment QoL score was 8.40 ± 10.34. Four weeks post-treatment, only 1.12% of participants reported negative impact of caries treatment on their QoL. The mean post-treatment QoL score was 0.22 ± 0.91 There was a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment QoL scores (P = 0.0001) with significant changes in all the eight domains studied. Age, sex, and socio-economic status had no significant impact on QoL pre- and post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Caries had a significant impact on the QoL of adolescents. Its treatment resulted in marked improvement in QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka M Chukwumah
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Alice A Umweni
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
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Haire BG, Folayan MO. Ebola: what it teaches us about medical ethics. A response to Angus Dawson. J Med Ethics 2016; 42:59-60. [PMID: 26499983 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2015-102657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget G Haire
- Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of NSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society, Lagos, Nigeria
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Kombe F, Folayan MO, Ambe J, Igonoh A, Abayomi A. Taking the bull by the horns: Ethical considerations in the design and implementation of an Ebola virus therapy trial. Soc Sci Med 2015; 148:163-70. [PMID: 26653137 PMCID: PMC6858863 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus is categorized as one of the most dangerous pathogens in the world. Although there is no known cure for Ebola virus, there is some evidence that the severity of the disease can be curtailed using plasma from survivors. Although there is a general consensus on the importance of research, methodological and ethical challenges for conducting research in an emergency situation have been identified. Performing clinical trials is important, especially for health conditions that are of public health significance (including rare epidemics) to develop new therapies as well as to test the efficacy and effectiveness of new interventions. However, routine clinical trial procedures can be difficult to apply in emergency public health crises hence require a consideration of alternative approaches on how therapies in these situations are tested and brought to the market. This paper examines some of the ethical issues that arise when conducting clinical trials during a highly dangerous pathogen outbreak, with a special focus on the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa. The issues presented here come from a review of a protocol that was submitted to the Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium (GET). In reviewing the proposal, which was about conducting a clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using convalescent plasma in the management of Ebola virus disease, the authors deliberated on various issues, which were documented as minutes and later used as a basis for this paper. The experiences and reflections shared by the authors, who came from different regions and disciplines across Africa, present wide-ranging perspectives on the conduct of clinical trials during a dangerous disease outbreak in a resource-poor setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Kombe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme (KWTRP), P.O Box 230, Kilifi, Kenya.
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium (GET), 1 Mainland Hospital Road, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Jennyfer Ambe
- Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium (GET), 1 Mainland Hospital Road, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adaora Igonoh
- Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium (GET), 1 Mainland Hospital Road, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akin Abayomi
- Global Emerging Pathogens Treatment Consortium (GET), 1 Mainland Hospital Road, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria; Division of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Hospital, Private Bag X3, Parow Valley, 7505 Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oziegbe EO, Oyedele T, Oshomoji OV, Chukwumah NM, Onyejaka N. Prevalence, and early childhood caries risk indicators in preschool children in suburban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:72. [PMID: 26123713 PMCID: PMC4486704 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early Childhood Caries (ECC) is defined as the presence of caries lesion in an primary tooth in children below the age of 71 months. It is a significant public health problem with consequences for the growth and development of affected children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and ECC risk indicators in a suburban population in Nigeria. METHODS The data of 497 children aged 6 months to 71 months who were recruited through a household survey conducted in Ile-Ife, Nigeria was analysed for prevalence of ECC and risk indicators. Information on children's ages, sex, socioeconomic status, tooth brushing habits, sugary snacks consumption, use of fluoridated toothpaste, birth rank, infant-feeding practices, breastfeeding practices, maternal age at childbirth, and maternal knowledge of oral health was obtained. Children's oral hygiene and caries status was also determined. Risk factors associated with ECC were determined using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty-three (6.6%) children had ECC. Four (0.8%) had severe ECC. The four risk indicators for ECC were the child's gender, mothers' knowledge of oral health, consumption of sugary snacks in between meals more than three times a day, and the child's oral hygiene status. Females (PR: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.01- -0.01; p = 0.02), and children with mothers who had good knowledge of oral health (PR: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.11--0.008; p = 0.02) were less likely to have ECC. Children who consumed sugary snacks in between meals three times a day or more (PR: 0.05; CI: 0.003 - 0.01; P = 0.04) and children with fair oral hygiene (PR: 0.05; 95% CI: 0.005-0.10; p = 0.03) were more likely to have ECC. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of ECC in the study population was low. Promoting good oral hygiene practices and enhancing mothers' knowledge of oral health may help reduce further, the risk for ECC in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Kikelomo A Kolawole
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Titus Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Olusegun V Oshomoji
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Nneka M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Nneka Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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Folayan MO, Kolawole KA, Oyedele T, Chukwumah NM, Onyejaka N, Agbaje H, Oziegbe EO, Oshomoji OV. Erratum: Association between knowledge of caries preventive practices, preventive oral health habits of parents and children and caries experience in children resident in sub-urban Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:62. [PMID: 25986477 PMCID: PMC4436839 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Kikelomo A Kolawole
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Titus Oyedele
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Nneka M Chukwumah
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Nneka Onyejaka
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Hakeem Agbaje
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Olusegun V Oshomoji
- Oral Habit Study Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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Oyedele TA, Folayan MO, Adekoya-Sofowora CA, Oziegbe EO, Esan TA. Prevalence, pattern and severity of molar incisor hypomineralisation in 8- to 10-year-old school children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015; 16:277-82. [PMID: 25788171 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-015-0175-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern and severity of MIH in school children resident in a suburban population in Nigeria. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study involving pupils aged 8-10 years resident in suburban Nigeria. Details of each pupil's socio-demographic variables were collected. Intra-oral examination was conducted to determine the presence of MIH, the affected tooth and the severity of the lesion. The association between the prevalence of MIH and socio-demographic variables of each child was determined. The predictors of MIH were also determined using a binomial regression analysis. RESULT Eighty-three of the 469 children examined (17.7 %) had MIH. There was no significant association between sex (p = 0.58), socio-economic status (p = 0.09), age (p = 0.26) and MIH. There was also no significant difference in the number of teeth affected by MIH in the maxilla and mandible, and on the right and left side of the face. The most commonly affected teeth were the left mandibular molars. The occlusal surfaces of the first molars were mostly affected by MIH and the severity of MIH on the teeth examined varied from mild (80.8 %), moderate (14.0 %) to severe (5.2 %). CONCLUSION The prevalence of MIH in this study population is consistent with previous reports. The non-association between sex and MIH prevalence, the varied severity of the lesion and association between MIH affectation of the first permanent molars and central incisors give more weight to the possible role of environmental factors in the aetiology of the lesion. The non-association between MIH and socio-economic status may serve as a distinctive feature of MIH and chronological enamel hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Oyedele
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria,
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Oyedele TA, Folayan MO, Adekoya-Sofowora CA, Oziegbe EO. Co-morbidities associated with molar-incisor hypomineralisation in 8 to 16 year old pupils in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2015; 15:37. [PMID: 25887347 PMCID: PMC4367922 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-015-0017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify the prevalence of oral co-morbidities in 8 to 16 years old children with Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) and compare this with the prevalence of same oral lesions in children without MIH. Method Study participants were selected through a multi-staged sampling technique. The children were asked if they had dentine hypersensitivity or any concerns about their aesthetics. Children were examined for MIH, caries, traumatic dental injury and their oral hygiene status. The association between MIH and each of the independent variables was determined. Results Only children with MIH had aesthetic related concerns and dentine hypersensitivity. The differences in the oral hygiene status (p < 0.001) and caries prevalence (p < 0.001) of children with and without MIH were statistically significant. The prevalence of traumatic dental injury did not differ statistically between children with MIH and those without MIH (p = 0.24). Conclusion Children with MIH had more oral pathologies than children without MIH. These co-morbidities (dentine hypersensitivity, aesthetic concerns, caries and oral hygiene) are capable of impacting negatively on the quality of life of the children. Screening for children with MIH may help facilitate prompt access to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus Ayodeji Oyedele
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Comfort A Adekoya-Sofowora
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
| | - Elizabeth O Oziegbe
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. .,Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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Folayan MO, Odetoyinbo M, Brown B, Harrison A. Differences in sexual behaviour and sexual practices of adolescents in Nigeria based on sex and self-reported HIV status. Reprod Health 2014; 11:83. [PMID: 25481734 PMCID: PMC4266967 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4755-11-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual behaviour and sexual practices affect the risk for acquisition and transmission of HIV infection. This study tries to identify differences in sexual behaviour (condom use with non-marital partners, multiple sexual partnerships transactional sex and age mixing in sexual relationships), sexual practices (oral, anal and vagina sex), and forced sexual initiation based on sex and HIV status of adolescents in Nigeria. METHOD Face to face interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information from a nationally representative sample of 10-19 years old adolescents residing in Nigeria. Data included information on age of sexual debut, sexual behaviour and sexual practices. Association between HIV status, sex, sexual behaviour and sexual practices, and predictors of use of condoms during the last vaginal sexual intercourse were determined. RESULT More self-reported HIV positive than HIV negative females had experienced forced sexual initiation (p = 0.008). Significantly more female than male adolescents had engaged in transactional sex (p < 0.001) and had sex with partners who were older than them by 10 years or more (p < 0.001). Vaginal (95.2%), oral (26.6%) and anal (7.8%) sex were practiced by male and females irrespective of HIV status. More females reported oral sex (p = 0.001). Being a female (p = 0.001), having genital itching in the last 12 months (p = 0.04)and having engaged in anal sex in the last 12 months (p = 0.009) reduced the odds of using a condom at last vaginal intercourse. Having a HIV positive or negative status did not significantly increase the odds of using a condom at last vaginal intercourse. CONCLUSION Differences in sexual behaviour and sexual practices of adolescents was observed based on sex and not on HIV status. History of forced sex initiation however differed by HIV status. Tailored interventions for male and female adolescents are required to reduce their risk of HIV infection. Tailored interventions are also required for adolescents living with HIV to improve their sexual and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- />Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Brandon Brown
- />Program in Public Health, Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Abigail Harrison
- />Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Brandon Brown
- Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA;
| | - Aminu Yakubu
- Department of Health Planning and Research, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
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Folayan MO, Adeniyi AA, Chukwumah NM, Onyejaka N, Esan AO, Sofola OO, Orenuga OO. Programme guidelines for promoting good oral health for children in Nigeria: a position paper. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:128. [PMID: 25331086 PMCID: PMC4216911 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this paper is to draw attention to the oral health needs of children in Nigeria, and promote the use of appropriate interventions for disease prevention in the population. It also evaluates the value of the ongoing twice-daily tooth brushing campaign, which focuses on promoting good periodontal health and its relevance for children in Nigeria. DISCUSSION The main oral health burden for children in Nigeria is untreated dental caries, attributable to low utilization of oral health facilities. While there is a strong association between oral hygiene status and caries occurrence, no research had established an association between frequency of tooth brushing and caries in children in Nigeria. Prevalence of caries and gingivitis is low, despite the fact that a majority of children brush once a day and most of them have fair oral hygiene. Campaigns that promote twice daily brushing to prevent chronic periodontitis in children are not driven by evidences supporting the local epidemic, and therefore cannot be considered as efficient use of the limited resources available. SUMMARY Existing evidences show that the main oral health need of children in Nigeria is the management of untreated caries. Promoting the treatment of caries should be the primary focus of oral health programmes for children in Nigeria, as this would reduce further risks of developing new carious lesions. Public health campaigns should focus efforts at creating demand for oral health care services, for both preventive and curative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- />Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Paediatric Dentistry Working Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Abiola A Adeniyi
- />Paediatric Dentistry Working Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Department of Preventive Dentistry Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nneka M Chukwumah
- />Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Paediatric Dentistry Working Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Nneka Onyejaka
- />Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Paediatric Dentistry Working Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji O Esan
- />Paediatric Dentistry Working Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oyinkan O Sofola
- />Paediatric Dentistry Working Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Omolola O Orenuga
- />Paediatric Dentistry Working Group, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- />Department of Child Dental Health, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
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Abstract
Nigeria views the HIV self-test (HIVST) as a possible mechanism to help increase HIV testing uptake and capture otherwise undiagnosed HIV cases. The purpose of this survey was to obtain perspectives of informed members of the Nigerian public on the use of the HIVST. A convenience sample of 1712 researchers, academics, journalists, community advocates, activists and HIV policy-makers and programmers including those working in the development sectors enlisted on the New HIV Vaccine and Microbicide Advocacy Society listserv were sent a brief survey. Respondents were asked to provide a 'yes' or 'no' response to an enquiry if they support the introduction of HIVST into Nigeria. Reasons for their response were also recorded. Information was collected anonymously with no identifiers. Only 157 (9.2%) provided a response. While the majority (54.8%) supported the introduction of HIVST, a significant number of respondents were concerned about possible risk associated with self-testing, especially suicide and partner violence. Others were concerned about poor linkages to care. Introduction of HIVST would need to be paired with intense media campaigns and education about its use. Once Nigeria commences HIVST, efforts should also focus on approaches to reach people in hard to reach areas of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Brown
- a Program in Public Health , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA
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Folayan MO, Odetoyinbo M, Harrison A, Brown B. Addressing the socio-development needs of adolescents living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: a call for action. Afr J Reprod Health 2014; 18:93-101. [PMID: 26050381 PMCID: PMC4652135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of antiretroviral therapy and remarkable success in the treatment of paediatric HIV infection has changed the face of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in children from a fatal disease to that of a chronic illness. Many children living with HIV are surviving into adolescence. This sub-population of people living with HIV is emerging as a public health challenge and burden in terms of healthcare management and service utilization than previously anticipated. This article provides an overview of the socio-developmental challenges facing adolescents living with HIV especially in a resource-limited setting like Nigeria. These include concerns about their healthy sexuality, safer sex and transition to adulthood, disclosure of their status and potential stigma, challenges faced with daily living, access and adherence to treatment, access to care and support, and clinic transition. Other issues include reality of death and implications for fertility intentions, mental health concerns and neurocognitive development. Coping strategies and needed support for adolescents living with HIV are also discussed, and the implications for policy formulation and programme design and implementation in Nigeria are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health and Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Morolake Odetoyinbo
- Positive Action for Treatment Access, First floor, Holy Trinity Hospital Plaza, Adesina Street, Off Obafemi Awolowo Way, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Abigail Harrison
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Brandon Brown
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Idoko J, Folayan MO. The use of antiretroviral therapy for the prevention of new HIV infection in populations at high risk for HIV sero-conversion in Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health 2014; 18:127-134. [PMID: 26050385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The last few years have witnessed a renewed commitment to HIV prevention. The evidence to support the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for prevention of new HIV infection in the form of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men, transgender, people who inject drugs, heterosexual men and women and HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, or treatment as prevention (TasP) for serodiscordant couples have also grown. The need to explore the possible use of ART for HIV prevention in Nigeria has become imperative in view of its high HIV burden and the current slow pace of effort to achieve the universal target of reducing its HIV incidence by 50%. While PrEP and TasP are welcome addendum to the existing HIV prevention armamentarium, it is still important to conduct a demonstration project to identify strategies that can facilitate access to PrEP and TasP taking cognizance of the peculiar local challenges with respect to ART and HIV prevention commodity access. The country has therefore drawn a roadmap for itself on how to introduce ART for use for HIV prevention as either PrEP or TasP. This paper discusses the three year national roadmap that would enable the country generated the needed scientific evidence as well as extensive community support for use of ART for HIV prevention in Nigeria. This process includes the conduct of modeling and formative studies, and the implementation of a 24 months demonstration project. The outcome of the demonstration project would inform plans for the scale up of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access for population(s) at high risk for HIV infection in Nigeria.
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Folayan MO, Odetoyinbo M, Harrison A, Brown B. Rape in Nigeria: a silent epidemic among adolescents with implications for HIV infection. Glob Health Action 2014; 7:25583. [PMID: 25152062 PMCID: PMC4142225 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v7.25583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Institute of Public Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Abigail Harrison
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brandon Brown
- Department of Population Health & Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA;
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Folayan MO, Khami MR, Onyejaka N, Popoola BO, Adeyemo YI. Preventive oral health practices of school pupils in Southern Nigeria. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:83. [PMID: 25001584 PMCID: PMC4105856 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the goals of the World Health Organisation goal is to ensure increased uptake of preventive oral self-care by 2020. This would require the design public health programmes that will ensure children place premium on preventive oral health care uptake. One effort in that direction is the need for countries to define baseline measures on use of preventive oral self-care measures by their population as well as identify factors that impact on its use. This study aims to determine the prevalence and the impact of age and sex on the use of recommended oral self-care measures by pupils in Southern Nigeria. Methods Pupils age 8 to 16 years (N = 2,676) in two urban sites in Southern Nigeria completed a questionnaire about recommended oral self-care (use of fluoridated toothpaste, flossing, regularity of consuming sugary snacks between main meals), time of the last dental check-up and cigarette smoking habit. Chi square was used to test association between age (8-10years, 11–16 years), sex, and use of recommended oral self-care. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of use of recommended oral self-care. Results Only 7.8% of the study population practiced the recommended oral self-care. Older adolescents had an 8.0% increased odds (OR: 1.08; CI:0.81–1.43; p = 0.61) and males had a 20.0% decreased odds (OR: 0.80; CI:0.60-1.06; p = 0.12) of practicing recommended oral self-care though observed differences were not statistically significant. Very few respondents (12.7%) had visited the dental clinic for a check-up in the last one year. Majority of the respondents (92.2%) were non-smokers. Conclusions The use of a combination of oral self-care approaches was very low for this study population. Age and sex were predictive factors for the use of components of the oral self-care measures but not significant predictors of use of recommended oral self-care. Future studies would be required to understand ‘why’ and ‘how’ age and sex impacts on the use of caries preventive oral self-care measures to be able to design effective prevention educational programmes for the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
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Folayan MO, Sofola OO, Khami MR, Esan AO, Popoola BO, Orenuga OO, Folaranmi N, Ligali TO, Phillips AS. Study motives, career choices and interest in paediatric dentistry among final year dental students in Nigeria. BMC Med Educ 2014; 14:130. [PMID: 24989055 PMCID: PMC4109373 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Students' motives for studying Dentistry have been a subject of interest for years because of the potential for understanding the psychological makeup and subsequent job satisfaction for the dentist. It is also useful in identifying expectations of the profession. This study therefore tried to identify study motives and career preferences of dental students especially with respect to the practice of paediatric dentistry. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. The final year students in six dental schools in Nigeria were required to fill the questionnaire. Students were asked to rank their motives and career preferences on a Likert like scale with points ranging from 0-5 where 0 represented a factor that had no influence on their decision and 5 represented a very influential factor. The underlying dimensions for study motives, career preference, impression about and motive for interest in the practice of paediatric dentistry were identified using factor analysis. RESULTS One hundred and seventy nine of 223 students (80.3%) participated in this study. Motives for the practice of dentistry included characteristics of the profession, altruism and intellectual challenges, existence of artistic theme in dentistry and parent's recommendation. Overall, 67.1% of respondents indicated interest in postgraduate studies and 50.8% were interested in paediatric dentistry practice. The main motives for showing interest in the practice of paediatric dentistry were 'personal interest, professional interest and interest of significant others in children', and 'family influence'. Significantly more males than females were interested in the practice of paediatric dentistry though the motives for interest in the practice of paediatric dentistry did not differ significantly by sex or age. CONCLUSION The non-significant sex difference in the motives for interest in the practice of paediatric dentistry is a possible reflection of changes in strong cultural themes in the motives for career choices in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike O Folayan
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Oyinkan O Sofola
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad R Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayodeji O Esan
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | | | - Omolola O Orenuga
- Department of Child Dental Health, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nkiru Folaranmi
- Department of Child Dental Health, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria
| | - Taofeek O Ligali
- Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Abimbola S Phillips
- Department of Community Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
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