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Elekofehinti OO, Adetoyi IR, Popoola HO, Ayodeji FO, Taiwo FA, Akinjiyan MO, Koledoye OF, Iwaloye O, Adegboyega AE. Discovery of potential epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors from black pepper for the treatment of lung cancer: an in-silico approach. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38601803 PMCID: PMC11001845 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A tyrosine kinase receptor known as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is one of the main tumour markers in many cancer types and also plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, which is a result of the auto-phosphorylations (kinase activity enhancement) that trigger signals involved in different cellular processes. Due to the discovery that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a cause of this kinase activity enhancement, so far, several inhibitors have been tested against EGFR, but the side effects of these inhibitors necessitate an urgent measure to come up with an inhibitor that will be more specific to the cancer cells and not affect self-cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 37 compounds derived from Piper nigrum against EGFR using computer-aided drug design. Based on molecular docking, induced-fit docking, calculation of free binding energy, pharmacokinetics, QSAR prediction, and MD simulation. We propose five (5) lead compounds (clarkinol A, isodihydrofutoquinol B, Burchellin, kadsurin B, and lancifolin C) as a novel inhibitor, with clarkinol A demonstrating the highest binding affinity (-7.304 kcal/mol) with EGFR when compared with the standard drug (erlotinib). They also showed significant moderation for parameters investigated for a good pharmacokinetic profile, with a reliable R2 coefficient value predicted using QSAR models. The MD simulation of clarkinol A was found to be stable within the EGFR binding pocket throughout the 75 ns simulation run time. The findings showed that clarkinol A derived from Piper nigrum is worth further investigation and consideration as a possible EGFR inhibitor for the treatment of lung cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00197-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28, Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa Rachael Adetoyi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28, Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Hannah Oluwaseun Popoola
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Folasade Oluwatobiloba Ayodeji
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28, Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Foluso Adeola Taiwo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28, Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Moses Orimoloye Akinjiyan
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28, Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Omowunmi Funmilayo Koledoye
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, C28, Plural Gardens Estate, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Emmanuel Adegboyega
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
- Bioinformatics Unit, Jaris Computational Biology Centre, Jos, Plateau State Nigeria
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Folorunso IM, Lawal AO, Elekofehinti OO, Iwaloye O. Hepatoprotective Effect of Morin Hydrate in Type 2 Diabetic Wistar Rats Exposed to Diesel Exhaust Particles. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5855-5880. [PMID: 36708492 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that exposure to air pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP) exacerbate diabetes complications. Morin hydrate (MH), a plant bioflavonoid, provides hepatoprotection due to its diverse pharmacological properties. This study examines the hepatoprotective effects of MH in Wistar rats with type 2 diabetes exposed to diesel exhaust (DE). Procured male Wistar rats (n = 60) were separated into 12 groups of five rat each. Type 2 diabetes was induced following oral therapy with fructose solution and one-time injection of 45 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). The DEP extract was administered by nasal instillation, whereas MH was administered via oral gavage. Biochemical assays were used to determine the effect of MH on diabetic rats and DEP-exposed diabetic rats with respect to liver function indices (AST and ALT), liver antioxidants (SOD, CAT, Gpx, and GSH), lipid profile, and oxidative stress marker (conjugated diene and lipid peroxidation). The mRNA expression of PI3K/AKT/GLUT4 and AMPK/GLUT4 signaling pathways were quantified using RT-PCR. The results show that normal rats, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats exposed to DEP exhibited a substantial decrease in oxidative stress indicators, serum lipid profile, and levels of AST and ALP, as well as an increase in liver natural antioxidants following oral administration of MH. The gene expression study demonstrated that MH promotes the activation of the insulin signaling pathways which facilitates the uptake of glucose from the blood. This study suggests that MH offered hepatoprotection in type 2 diabetic rats and DEP exposed diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibukun Mary Folorunso
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria.
- Precision Molecular Laboratory, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria.
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria
- Teady Bioscience Research Laboratory, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Elekofehinti OO, Aladenika YV, Iwaloye O, Okon EIA, Adanlawo IG. Bambusa vulgaris leaves reverse mitochondria dysfunction in diabetic rats through modulation of mitochondria biogenic genes. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2023:hmbci-2022-0053. [PMID: 36591918 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by hyperglycemia increases the incidence of diabetes and age-related insulin resistance. Thus, maintaining mitochondrial integrity may provide alternative therapeutic approach in diabetes treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bambusa vulgaris leaf extract on mitochondrial biogenesis in the pancreas of diabetic rats. METHODS 11 weeks old male rats (n=30) were purchased, and sorted into the following groups: control, diabetic control, diabetes + metformin (100 mg/kg), diabetes + Aq. B. vulgaris (100 mg/kg), diabetes + Aq. B. vulgaris (200 mg/kg), and diabetes + Aq. B. vulgaris (300 mg/kg). Diabetes was induced in the rats by a single dose of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondria biogenesis (pgc-1α, Nrf2, GSK3β, AMPK and SIRT2) and genes of Nrf2-Keap1-ARE signaling pathway were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Molecular docking studies including lock and key docking and prime MM-GBSA were incorporated to identify the lead chemical compounds in Bambusa vulgari. RESULTS The results showed that B. vulgaris leaf extract promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via altering the mRNA expression of mitochondrial master regulator pgc-1α, other upstream genes, and the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE antioxidant pathway. Through molecular docking results, cryptochlorogenic acid, hesperidin, orientin, vitexin, scopolin, and neochlorogenic were found as the crucial chemicals in B. vulgaris with the most modulating effect on PGC-1α, AMPK, and GSK3. CONCLUSIONS This study thus suggests that B. vulgaris leaf extract restores the integrity of mitochondria in diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Enoabasi Ima-Abasi Okon
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Isaac Gbadura Adanlawo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
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Olawale F, Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO. Virtual screening of natural compounds as selective inhibitors of polo-like kinase-1 at C-terminal polo box and N-terminal catalytic domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13606-13624. [PMID: 34669551 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1991476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The over-expression of Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is associated with cancer prognosis due to its pivotal role in cell proliferation. The N-terminal catalytic domain (NCD) and C-terminal polo box domain (PBD) of PLK1 are critical for the activity of the protein. Drugs that inhibit PLK1 by targeting these domains are on clinical trials, but so far, none has been approved by FDA. Thus, this study targets the two domains of PLK1 to identify compounds with inhibitory potential. Four validated e-pharmacophore models from NCD (PDB ID: 2OU7 and 4J52) and PBD (PDB ID: 5NEI and 5NN2) were used to screen over 26,000 natural compounds from NPASS database. Hits were identified after the well-fitted compounds were subjected to molecular docking study and ADME prediction. The pIC50 and electronic behaviour of the identified hits selectively targeting NCD and PBD of PLK1 were predicted via an externally validated QSAR model and quantum mechanics. The results showed that CAA180504, CAA197326, CAA74619, CAA328856 modulating PLK1 at NCD, and CBB130581, CBB230713, CBB206123, CBB12656 and CBB267117 modulating PLK1 at PBD had better molecular docking scores, pharmacokinetics and drug-like properties than NCD (volasertib) and PBD (purpurogallin) reference inhibitors. The compounds all had satisfactory inhibitory (pIC50) values which range from 6.187 to 7.157. The electronic behaviours of understudied compounds using HOMO/LUMO and global descriptive parameters revealed the atomic portion of the compounds prone to donating and accepting electrons. In conclusion, the hit compounds identified from the library of natural compounds are worthy of further experimental validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
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Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO, Olawale F, Chukwuemeka PO, Babatomiwa K, Folorunso IM. Fragment-Based Drug Design, 2D-QSAR and DFT Calculation: Scaffolds of 1, 2, 4, triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-7-amines as potential inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220422120707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDODH) is one of the enzymes currently explored in the treatment of malaria. Although there is currently no clinically approved drug targeting PfDODH, many of the compounds in clinical trials have [1, 2, 4,] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-7-amine backbone structure.
Objective:
This study sought to design new compounds from the fragments of known experimental inhibitors of PfDODH.
Methods:
Nine experimental compounds retrieved from Drug Bank online were downloaded and broken into fragments using Schrodinger power shell; the fragments were recombined to generate new ligand structures using BREED algorithm. The new compounds were docked with PfDODH crystal structure, after which the compounds were filtered with extensive drug-likeness and toxicity parameters. A 2D-QSAR model was built using the multiple linear regression method and externally validated. The electronic properties of the compounds were calculated using density functional theory method.
Results:
Structural investigation of the six designed compounds, which had lower binding energies than the standard inhibitors, showed that five of them had [1, 2, 4,] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-7-amine moieties and interacted with essential residues at the PfDODH binding site. In addition to their drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties, they also showed minimal toxicities. The externally validated 2D-QSAR model with R2 and Q2 values of 0.6852 and 0.6691, confirmed the inhibitory prowess of these compounds against PfDODH. The DFT calculations showed regions of the molecules prone to electrophilic and nucleophilic attack.
Conclusion:
The current study thus provides insight into the development of a new set of potent PfDODH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 360001 Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 360001 Nigeria
| | - Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of life science, University of Kwazulu Natal, 4000, Durban, South Africav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Kikiowo Babatomiwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ibukun Mary Folorunso
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, P.M.B. 704, Akure, 360001 Nigeria
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Elekofehinti OO. Momordica charantia nanoparticles potentiate insulin release and modulate antioxidant gene expression in pancreas of diabetic rats. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Green synthesis of nanoparticles with medicinal plants has inherent potential in the management of diabetes mellitus. This study synthesized Momordica charantia nanoparticles using silver nitrate to investigate the antidiabetic properties of this extract and the synthesized nanoparticles in vivo.
Results
The M. charantia nanoparticles used were synthesized biologically under ambient conditions from methanolic leaf extract of M. charantia using 1 mM concentration of aqueous silver nitrate and characterized using spectroscopic methods, FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. In vivo, the antidiabetic activity of M. charantia nanoparticle was assessed in streptozotocin-induced (65 mg/kg) rats. Rats were treated with M. charantia nanoparticle (50 mg/kg), aqueous leaf extract (100 mg/kg) metformin (100 mg/kg) and silver nitrate nanoparticle (10 mg/kg) for 21 days. Following treatment, rats were killed for biochemical analysis. Also, reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction analyses of Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5, glucagon-like peptide-1, Insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase and Nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) - were carried out in the pancreas. A significant reduction in blood sugar levels was noted in rats treated with M. charantia nanoparticles. A reduction (p < 0.05) of pancreas alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase was observed when compared with diabetic untreated rats. M. charantia nanoparticles significantly increase the antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rats when compared with diabetic untreated rats. The decrease in the level of triglyceride, cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein was observed when compared with diabetic control rats and also a significant increase in the expression of Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase and NFE2-related factor 2 genes was observed when compared with diabetic untreated rats.
Conclusions
Momordica charantia nanoparticles exhibited potential antidiabetic activity in the rat model of diabetes and thus may serve as a therapeutic agent that could be developed for medical applications in the future.
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Onunkun AT, Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO. Identification of Novel Nrf2 Activator via Protein-ligand Interactions as
Remedy for Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210413131108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Oxidative stress is a significant player in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response
element (Keap1/Nrf2/ARE) signaling pathway serves as the essential defense system to mitigate
oxidative stress. Nrf2 is responsible for the mitigation of oxidative stress while Keap1 represses Nrf2’s
activation upon binding. Identification of Nrf2 activators has started to pick up enthusiasm as they can be
used as therapeutic agents against diabetes mellitus. One of the ongoing mechanisms in the activation of
Nrf2 is to disrupt Keap1/Nrf2 protein-protein interaction. This study aimed at using computational analysis
to screen natural compounds capable of inhibiting Keap1/Nrf2 protein-protein interaction.
Methods:
A manual curated library of natural compounds was screened against crystal structure of Keap1
using glide docking algorithm. Binding free energy of the docked complexes, and adsorption, digestion,
metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties were further employed to identify the hit compounds. The
bioactivity of the identified hit against Keap1 was predicted using quantitative structure-activity relationship
(QSAR) model.
Results:
A total of 7 natural compounds (Compound 222, 230, 310, 208, 210, 229 and 205) identified
from different medicinal plants were found to be potent against Keap1 based on their binding affinity and
binding free energy. The internal validated model kpls_radial_30 with R2 of 0.9109, Q2 of 0.7287 was
used to predict the compounds’ bioactivities. Compound 205 was considered as the ideal drug candidate
because it showed moderation for ADME properties, had predicted pIC50 of 6.614 and obeyed Lipinski’s
rule of five.
Conclusion:
This study revealed that Compound 205, a compound isolated from Amphipterygium adstringens
is worth considering for further experimental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolashade Toritseju Onunkun
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure,
Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure,
Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure,
Ondo State, Nigeria
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Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO, Kikiowo B, Fadipe TM, Akinjiyan MO, Ariyo EO, Aiyeku OO, Adewumi NA. Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Derived Compounds as Wild Type and Mutant Plasmodium falciparum Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitors: Induced Fit Docking and ADME Studies. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2021; 18:554-569. [PMID: 32729419 DOI: 10.2174/1570163817999200729122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a bid to come up with effective compounds as inhibitors for antimalarial treatment, we built a library of 2,000 traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)-derived compounds retrieved from TCM Database@Taiwan. METHODS The active sites of both the wild type and mutant Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolatereductase (pfDHFR) were explored using computational tools. pfDHFR, one of the prime drug targets in the prevention of malaria infection induced by the female anopheles mosquito has continued to offer resistance to drugs (antifolates) due to mutation in some of the key amino acid residues crucial for its inhibition. RESULTS We utilized virtual throughput screening and glide XP docking to screen the compounds, and 8 compounds were found to have promising docking scores with both the wild type and mutant pfDHFR. They were further subjected to Induce Fit Docking (IFD) to affirm their inhibitory potency. The ADME properties and biological activity spectrum of the compounds were also considered. The inhibition profile of the compounds revealed that a number of compounds formed intermolecular interactions with ASP54, ILE14, LEU164, SER108/ASN108, ARG122 and ASP58. Most of the compounds can be considered as drug candidates due to their antiprotozoal activities and accordance with the Lipinski's Rule of Five (ROF). CONCLUSION The outcome of the present study should further be investigated to attest the efficacy of these compounds as better drug candidates than the antifolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babatomiwa Kikiowo
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Toyin Mary Fadipe
- Department of Bioscience, International Institute of Agriculture, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Moses Orimoloye Akinjiyan
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Esther Opeyemi Ariyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olabisi Olapade Aiyeku
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Nicholas Adeyemi Adewumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Saliu TP, Umar HI, Ogunsile OJ, Okpara MO, Yanaka N, Elekofehinti OO. Molecular docking and pharmacokinetic studies of phytocompounds from Nigerian Medicinal Plants as promising inhibitory agents against SARS-CoV-2 methyltransferase (nsp16). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:172. [PMID: 34751829 PMCID: PMC8576800 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Since the index case was reported in China, COVID-19 has led to the death of at least 4 million people globally. Although there are some vaccine cocktails in circulation, the emergence of more virulent variants of SARS-CoV-2 may make the eradication of COVID-19 more difficult. Nsp16 is an S-adenosyl-L-Methionine-dependent methyltransferase that plays an important role in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA cap formation—a crucial process that confers viral stability and prevents virus detection by cell innate immunity mechanisms. This unique property makes nsp16 a promising molecular target for COVID-19 drug design. Thus, this study aimed to identify potent phytocompounds that can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 nsp16. We performed in silico pharmacokinetic screening and molecular docking studies using 100 phytocompounds—isolated from fourteen Nigerian plants—as ligands and nsp16 (PDB: 6YZ1) as the target. Results We found that only 59 phytocompounds passed the drug-likeness analysis test. However, after the docking analysis, only six phytocompounds (oxopowelline, andrographolide, deacetylbowdensine, 11, 12-dimethyl sageone, sageone, and quercetin) isolated from four Nigerian plants (Crinum jagus, Andrographis paniculata, Sage plants (Salvia officinalis L.), and Anacardium occidentale) showed good binding affinity with nsp16 at its active site with docking score ranging from − 7.9 to − 8.4 kcal/mol. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the six phytocompounds could serve as therapeutic agents to prevent viral survival and replication in cells. However, further studies on the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of these 6 hit phytocompounds against SARS-CoV-2 nsp16 are needed to confirm their efficacy and dose. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43141-021-00273-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Peter Saliu
- Computational and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. .,Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan.
| | - Haruna I Umar
- Computational and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olawale Johnson Ogunsile
- Computational and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Micheal O Okpara
- Computational and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 4-4 Kagamiyama 1-chome, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528, Japan
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Computational and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Elekofehinti OO, Ayodele OC, Iwaloye O. Momordica charantia nanoparticles promote mitochondria biogenesis in the pancreas of diabetic-induced rats: gene expression study. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Mitochondria dysfunction is one of the clinical features of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is a hallmark of insulin resistance (IR). This study investigates the therapeutic effect of Momordica charantia nanoparticles on mitochondria biogenesis in diabetic-induced rats. Forty-two adult wistar rats (average weight of 189 ± 10.32) were grouped as follows: STZ (65 mg/kg), control group, STZ + silver nitrate (10 mg/kg), STZ + M. charantia silver nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), STZ + metformin (100 mg/kg), and STZ + M. charantia aqueous extract (100 mg/kg). DM was induced intraperitoneal using freshly prepared solution of STZ (65 mg/kg), and rats with fasting blood sugar (FBS) above 250 mg/dl after 72 h of induction were considered diabetic. Treatment started after the third day of induction and lasted for 11 days. Effect of M. charantia nanoparticles on glucose level and pancreatic expression of genes involved in mitochondria biogenesis (PGC-1α, AMPK, GSK-3β, PPARϒ), inflammation (IL-1B, TNFα) and glucose sensitivity (PI3K, AKT, PTEN Insulin and Glut2) were quantified using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results
The results showed that M. charantia nanoparticles promote mitochondria biogenesis, glucose sensitivity and reverse inflammation in the pancreas of diabetes rat model through upregulation of PGC-1α, AMPK, PPARϒ, AKT, Insulin and Glut2 mRNA expression and downregulation of GSK-3β, PI3K, IL-1B and TNFα mRNA expression in the pancreas of diabetic rats.
Conclusion
This study thus concludes that M. charantia nanoparticles may provide effective therapeutics against mitochondria dysfunction in the pancreas of diabetic model.
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Olawale F, Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO, Kikiowo B, Oluwarotimi EA, Ilesanmi KM, Akinropo ID, Akinlosotu OB, Adegboyega AE, Ologuntere TE. A Multi-target Approach for the Discovery of Anti Breast Cancer Agents from Plants Secondary Metabolites. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210521111535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a multifactorial disease with multiple complications involving multiple
proteins. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer among women. The pathophysiology
of this cancer form has implicated several genetic alterations in its hallmark. Two of the most studied
breast cancer molecular pathways are the cell cycle protein kinases and P13/AKT signaling pathway.
Objective:
Thus, this study identified novel inhibitors through computational screening of a library of
medicinal plant compounds against cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), phosphoinositide-3-kinase A
(PI3Ka) and protein kinase B (AKT1).
Methods:
Rigid protein docking via Glide algorithm was applied to identify the hits from 3000 plant
compounds screened against three drug targets involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. A more accurate
and reliable ligand-protein docking called induced fit docking was adopted to extensively improve the
scoring function by ranking favourable binding as top-scoring one.
Results:
Nine hit compounds were identified and found to interact with essential residues at the proteins’
binding sites. Subsequently, the hits pharmacokinetic parameters and toxicity were predicted to
determine their potential as drug candidates and minimise toxic effects. The hit compounds were found
to be non-carcinogenic, and five of them showed a desirable drug-like property. The built predictive
QSAR models with an R2 value of 0.7684, 0.7973 and 0.5649 for CDK2, AKT1 and PI3Ka, respectively,
were adopted to determine the hits inhibitory activity (pIC50) against the screened proteins; and
the predictions revealed compounds with significant activity. Prediction of the hit compounds druglikeness,
pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties by online web servers showed that the compounds are
non-carcinogenic and showed moderate indices for ADMET parameters. The constructed QSAR models
with reliable R2 coefficient value were used to predict the pIC50 of the selected compounds. The
results revealed potent compounds with significant activity.
Concluson:
This study thus provides insight into multi-target protein compounds which could be
explored as chemotherapeutic alternatives in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of life science, University of Kwazulu Natal, 4000, Durban, South Africa
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal, University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal, University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Babatomiwa Kikiowo
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Oluwaseun Benedicta Akinlosotu
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal, University of Technology Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Elekofehinti OO, Iwaloye O, Josiah SS, Lawal AO, Akinjiyan MO, Ariyo EO. Molecular docking studies, molecular dynamics and ADME/tox reveal therapeutic potentials of STOCK1N-69160 against papain-like protease of SARS-CoV-2. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1761-1773. [PMID: 33201386 PMCID: PMC7670485 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new strain of Coronavirus that caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China and has spread to over 200 countries of the world. It has received worldwide attention due to its virulence and high rate of infection. So far, several drugs have experimented against SARS-CoV-2, but the failure of these drugs to specifically interact with the viral protease necessitates urgent measure to boost up researches for the development of effective therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Papain-like protease (PLpro) of the viral polyproteins is essential for maturation and infectivity of the virus, making it one of the prime targets explored for SARS-CoV-2 drug design. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of ~ 50,000 natural compounds retrieved from IBS database against COVID-19 PLpro using computer-aided drug design. Based on molecular dock scores, molecular interaction with active catalytic residues and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations studies, STOCK1N-69160 [(S)-2-((R)-4-((R)-2-amino-3-methylbutanamido)-3-(4-chlorophenyl) butanamido) propanoic acid hydrochloride] has been proposed as a novel inhibitor against COVID-19 PLpro. It demonstrated favourable docking score, the free energy of binding, interacted with key amino acid residues necessary for PLpro inhibition and also showed significant moderation for parameters investigated for ADME/tox (Adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicological) properties. The edge of the compound was further established by its stability in MD simulation conducted for 30 ns employing GROMACS software. We propose that STOCK1N-69160 is worth further investigation for preventing SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Solomon Josiah
- Phytomedicine Biochemical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Moses Orimoloye Akinjiyan
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Esther Opeyemi Ariyo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
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13
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Elekofehinti OO, Iwaloye O, Olawale F, Ariyo EO. Saponins in Cancer Treatment: Current Progress and Future Prospects. Pathophysiology 2021; 28:250-272. [PMID: 35366261 PMCID: PMC8830467 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are steroidal or triterpenoid glycoside that is distinguished by the soap-forming nature. Different saponins have been characterized and purified and are gaining attention in cancer chemotherapy. Saponins possess high structural diversity, which is linked to the anticancer activities. Several studies have reported the role of saponins in cancer and the mechanism of actions, including cell-cycle arrest, antioxidant activity, cellular invasion inhibition, induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Despite the extensive research and significant anticancer effects of saponins, there are currently no known FDA-approved saponin-based anticancer drugs. This can be attributed to a number of limitations, including toxicities and drug-likeness properties. Recent studies have explored options such as combination therapy and drug delivery systems to ensure increased efficacy and decreased toxicity in saponin. This review discusses the current knowledge on different saponins, their anticancer activity and mechanisms of action, as well as promising research within the last two decades and recommendations for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Nigeria; (O.I.); (E.O.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Nigeria; (O.I.); (E.O.A.)
| | - Femi Olawale
- Nanogene and Drug Delivery Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos 101017, Nigeria
| | - Esther Opeyemi Ariyo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, PMB 704, Nigeria; (O.I.); (E.O.A.)
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Ukwenya VO, Adelakun SA, Elekofehinti OO. Exploring the antidiabetic potential of compounds isolated from Anacardium occidentale using computational aproach: ligand-based virtual screening. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 33868895 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is becoming an important public health challenge worldwide and especially in developing nations. About 8.8 percent of the world adult population has been reported to have diabetes. Glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase 1 (GFAT1) catalyses the first committed step in the pathway for biosynthesis of hexosamines in mammals, and its inhibition has been thought to prevent hyperglycaemia. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), on the other hand, degrades hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an enzyme that plays a major role in the enhancement of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, making these two proteins candidate targets for diabetes. To find potential inhibitors of DPP-4 and GFAT1 from Anacardium occidentale using a computational approach, glide XP (extra precision) docking, Induced Fit Docking (IFD), Binding free energy of the compounds were determined against prepared crystal structure of DPP-4 and GFAT1 using the Maestro molecular interface of Schrödinger suites. The Lipinski's rule of five (RO5) and ADME properties of the compounds were assessed. Predictive models for both protein targets were built using AutoQSAR. This study identified 8 hit compounds. Most of these compounds passed the RO5 and were within the recommended range for defined ADME parameters. In addition, the predicted pIC50 for the hit compounds were promising. The results obtained from the present study can be used to design an antidiabetic drug. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-021-00084-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Aderemi Adelakun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Health and Health Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
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Elekofehinti OO, Oyedokun VO, Iwaloye O, Lawal AO, Ejelonu OC. Momordica charantia silver nanoparticles modulate S OCS/JAK/STAT and P13K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:245-260. [PMID: 34178835 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00739-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Diabetes nephropathy (DN) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) marked by gradual progressive loss of renal function. SOCS/JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways are among the chain of interactions implicated in the onset, progression and pathology of DN. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) is often used in folk medicine as therapy for DM due to its hypoglycemic properties. This study was designed to evaluate M. charantia silver nanoparticles' therapeutic effect on DN-induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in Wistar rats. Methods The M. charantia nanoparticles used was synthesized using the filtrate from the plant methanolic extract added to 1 mM concentration of aqueous silver nitrate. DM was induced in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (65 mg/kg). The animals' treatment groups were divided into; Diabetic control (65 mg/kg STZ), Control, and groups treated with silver nitrate (10 mg/kg), M. charantia nanoparticles (50 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg), and plant extract (100 mg/kg). Treatment was terminated after 11 days. RT-PCR determined renal mRNA expression of Akt, PI3k, PTEN, TGF-β, JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, SOCS3, SOCS4 and glucokinase (GCK). Consequently, characterized compounds from M. charantia identified from literatures were docked with PI3K, JAK2 and TGF-β and STAT3 to retrieve potential hits. Results Oral administration of M. charantia nanoparticles (50 mg/kg) to STZ-induced diabetic untreated rats significantly ((p < 0.05) down-regulated the mRNA expression of Akt, PI3k, TGF-β, JAK2, STAT3 and upregulated the mRNA expression of PTEN, SOCS3 and SOCS4, thus establishing the role of M. charantia nanoparticles in alleviating DN in diabetic rats. Additionally, there was a significant up-regulation of glucose metabolizing gene (glucokinase) upon administering M. charantia nanoparticles. Molecular docking results showed 12 compounds from bitter melon with docking score ranging from -6.114 kcal/mol to -8.221 kcal/mol that are likely to exert anti-diabetic properties. Conclusion Observation drawn from this study suggests that M. charantia nanoparticles ameliorate DN through regulation of SOCS/JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt/PTEN signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Victor Oluwatoyin Oyedokun
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Oluwamodupe Cecilia Ejelonu
- Biochemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State Nigeria
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Elekofehinti OO, Onunkun AT, Olaleye TM. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf mitigates ER-stress induced by streptozotocin in rats via down-regulation of GRP78 and up-regulation of Nrf2 signaling. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 262:113130. [PMID: 32736056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, contributing to pancreatic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Ameliorating ER stress may be a viable therapeutic approach in the proper management of diabetes mellitus. Cymbopogon citratus (C.citratus) has been used in traditional medicine in the management of diabetes mellitus. Although well known for its anti-diabetic effect, the mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the effect of C. citratus methanolic leaves extract on ER stress induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in wistar rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS STZ (60 mg/kg) was used to induce ER stress in the pancreas of rats. The rats were administered C. citratus methanolic leaves extract via gastric gavage at doses 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg for two weeks while metformin (100 mg/kg) was used as positive control. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), expression of ER-stress related genes (GRP78, CHOP, ATF4, TRB3, PERK, IRE1), antioxidant (Nrf2 and AhR) and pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) genes were determined. Possible compounds responsible for this effect were also predicted through molecular docking. RESULTS Induction of ER stress using STZ significantly increased FBG while administration of C. citratus methanolic extract restored it to normal control level (p < 0.05). Significant down-regulation of ER stress genes was observed upon treatment of ER stress induced rats with C. citratus methanolic extract when compared to ER-stress untreated rats. Significant up-regulation (p < 0.05) of genes coding for Nrf2 and AhR was also noticed upon treatment of ER stress induced rats with C. citratus methanolic extract. Molecular docking suggests that apigenin targets GRP78 with binding affinity of -9.3 kcal/mol while kaempferol and quercetin target Keap1 with binding affinity of -9.5 kcal/mol and may be responsible for this ameliorative effect on ER stress. CONCLUSION These observations suggest that C. citratus mitigate ER stress induced by STZ via its down-regulative effect on GRP78 and up-regulative effect on NRF2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, P.M.B 704, Nigeria.
| | - Afolashade Toritseju Onunkun
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, P.M.B 704, Nigeria; Phytomedicine and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Ondo State, P.M.B 704, Nigeria
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17
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Agu KC, Ayevbuomwan M, Imade RO, Okolie PN, Elekofehinti OO, Falodun A, Eluehike LN, Tasie MC, Ovie JJ, Obiajuru SK, Enakeno OR, Otsupius JA, Kashetu AI, Akeiti FO. Biochemical investigation of the upstream anti-sickling mechanisms of soursop ( Annona muricata): 15-acetyl guanacone as an inhibitor of deoxyhaemoglobin polymerisation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1503-1520. [PMID: 33016836 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1828171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current sickle cell disease (SCD) therapies are limited and inefficient. The ethnomedicinal values of Annona muricata in the treatment of SCD, leading to this present research. Leaves and fruits of Annona muricata were processed using solvent extraction and partitioning; aqueous, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. In vitro (anti-oxidant and anti-sickling), in silico, quantitative (amino acids) and kinetic simulation experiments were done. 15-acetyl guanacone, was used, in silico against 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2, 3-BPG) mutase and deoxyhaemoglobin. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions better NO● scavengers, iron-chelators and ferric reducing. In vitro unsickling (UT50) had ethyl acetate = 5 h and methanol = 7 h. Chloroform fraction had EC50 1.00 mg/mL (EC50 = 546 mg/mL) to 10.00 mg/mL (EC50 = 99 mg/mL). EC50 and IC50 of ethyl acetate fraction had steady-decrease. At higher concentration, chloroform fraction had higher Bmax (1.48 × 1021 U/mL) and higher Kd (3.66 × 1019 mg/mL), whereas, at a lower concentration, the ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated higher Bmax (7.23 × 1012 U/mL) and lower Kd (2.12 × 1011 mg/mL); The relative affinity (BP) of chloroform fraction increased progressively with concentration. The amino acid profile revealed rich concentrations glycine, valine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, and tryptophan. From the in silico experiments, 15-acetyl guanacone specifically targeted the A and B chains, with greater affinity for the beta subunit. This suggested that 15-acetyl guanacone might be able to prevent the polymerisation of deoxyHbSS, induce an allosteric conformational change that increases the oxygen affinity, and decrease the cellular 2, 3-BPG concentration.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Chukwunonso Agu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Merit Ayevbuomwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Rose Osarieme Imade
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Paulinus Ngozi Okolie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Department of Department of Biochemistry, Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun Falodun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Lauretta Nkeiruka Eluehike
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Mercy Chinaza Tasie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - John Jatto Ovie
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Sarah Kelechi Obiajuru
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Oghenebrozie Reke Enakeno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Joyce Amiosinor Otsupius
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amina Isimenmen Kashetu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Faith Ofure Akeiti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
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Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO, Oluwarotimi EA, Kikiowo BI, Fadipe TM. Insight into glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitory activity of phyto-constituents from Melissa officinalis: in silico studies. In Silico Pharmacol 2020; 8:2. [PMID: 32968615 PMCID: PMC7487069 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-020-00054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over activity of Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a serine/threonine-protein kinase has been implicated in a number of diseases including stroke, type II diabetes and Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to find novel inhibitors of GSK-3β from phyto-constituents of Melissa officinalis with the aid of computational analysis. Molecular docking, induced-fit docking (IFD), calculation of binding free energy via the MM-GBSA approach and Lipinski's rule of five (RO5) were employed to filter the compounds and determine their druggability. Most importantly, the compounds pIC50 were predicted by machine learning-based model generated by AutoQSAR algorithm. The generated model was validated to affirm its predictive model. The best model obtained was Model kpls_desc_38 (R2 = 0.8467 and Q2 = 0.8069), and this external validated model was utilized to predict the bioactivities of the lead compounds. While a number of characterized compounds from Melissa officinalis showed better docking score, binding free energy alongside adherence to RO5 than co-cystallized ligand, only three compounds (salvianolic acid C, ellagic acid and naringenin) showed more satisfactory pIC50. The results obtained in this study can be useful to design potent inhibitors of GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ayo Oluwarotimi
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Babatom iwa Kikiowo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Toyin Mary Fadipe
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
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Molehin OR, Elekofehinti OO, Oyeyemi AO. Antihyperlipidemic, Antiperoxidative and Hypoglycemic Effects of Saponins from
Solanum anguivi
Lam. Fruits in Alloxan‐induced Diabetic Rats. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Molehin OR, Elekofehinti OO, Oloyede OI. Evaluation of the Antidiabetic Effect of
Clerodendrum volubile
P. Beauv leaves
: In vivo
and
In Silico
Approach. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Elekofehinti OO, Lawal AO, Ejelonu OC, Molehin OR, Famusiwa CD. Involvement of fat mass and obesity gene (FTO) in the anti-obesity action of Annona muricata Annonaceae: in silico and in vivo studies. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:197-204. [PMID: 32420297 PMCID: PMC7223953 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Annona muricata (Annonaceae) known as soursop is a common tropical plant species known for its numerous medicinal properties including obesity. The underlying mechanism of anti-obesity effect of A. muricata was investigated. The fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO) is a validated potential target for anti-obesity drugs. Methods The interaction of compounds previously characterized from A. muricata was investigated against FTO using Autodock Vina. Also, modulation of FTO and STAT-3 mRNA expression by A. muricata was investigated in high fat diet induced obese rats (HFDR) using RT-PCR. Results A significant up-regulation of FTO gene was observed in HFDR when compared to control rats, while administration of A. muricata (200 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated FTO gene expression when compared to HFDR group. The effect of obesity on STAT-3 gene expression was also reversed by A. muricata (200 mg/kg). In silico study revealed annonaine and annonioside (−9.2 kcal/mol) exhibited the highest binding affinity with FTO, followed by anonaine and isolaureline (−8.6 kcal/mol). Arg-96 is a critical amino acid enhancing anonaine, isolaureline-FTO binding. Conclusion This study suggests the possible anti-obesity mechanism of A. muricata is via down-regulation of FTO with concomitant up-regulation of STAT-3 genes. This study confirmed the use of this plant in the management of obesity and the probable compounds responsible for its antiobesity effect are annonaine and annonioside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- 1Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- 1Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
| | | | - Olorunfemi Raphael Molehin
- 3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, 360001 Nigeria
| | - Courage Dele Famusiwa
- 1Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, P.M.B 704, Akure, Ondo State Nigeria
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Elekofehinti OO, Kamdem JP, Saliu TP, Famusiwa CD, Boligon A, Teixeira Rocha JB. Improvement of mitochondrial function by Tapinanthus globifer (A.Rich.) Tiegh. Against hepatotoxic agent in isolated rat's liver mitochondria. J Ethnopharmacol 2019; 242:112026. [PMID: 31260758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Disturbed mitochondrial function and energy crisis serve as key mechanisms for the development of liver injury. Hence, targeting cellular mitochondria in liver diseases might serve as a therapeutic option. Tapinanthus globifer (A.Rich.) Tiegh. has been used in traditional medicine in the management of liver disease. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting such use. AIM OF THE STUDY The current investigation was designed to evaluate the protective role of Tapinanthus globifer treatment on the liver mitochondrial function after the induction of hepatotoxicity by the hepatotoxic agent Fe2+in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, isolated mitochondria from rats' liver was incubated with Fe2+ (10 μM) for 1 h in the absence or presence of T. globifer (50, 100 and 200 μg/mL) metanolic extract (MVA). Mitochondrial viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial swelling (MPTP)., total thiol content, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were measured. HPLC-DAD was used to identify potential phytochemicals in MVA. RESULTS (MVA) was able to improve mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Fe2+, by attenuating MTT reduction, increased ΔΨm and mitochondrial swelling. Reduced total thiol and non-protein thiol contents which were associated with increased lipid peroxidation and ROS generation in Fe2+-treated mitochondria were significantly improved by MVA co-treatment. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, rutin, glycoside flavonoid and quercetin in MVA that can be responsible for its beneficial effect. CONCLUSION MVA phyto-compounds enhance mitochondrial redox signaling and possess mitochondrial function improving potential, thereby, providing scientific basis for its use in traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria; Biochemical Toxicology Unit, Department of Chemistry, CCNE, Federal University of Santa. Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, RuaCel. Antônio Luis, 1161, 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Tolulope Peter Saliu
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Courage Dele Famusiwa
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - AlineAugusti Boligon
- Postgraduate Programme in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Joao Batista Teixeira Rocha
- Biochemical Toxicology Unit, Department of Chemistry, CCNE, Federal University of Santa. Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Agu KC, Eluehike N, Ofeimun RO, Abile D, Ideho G, Ogedengbe MO, Onose PO, Elekofehinti OO. Possible anti-diabetic potentials of Annona muricata (soursop): inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Clin Phytosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-019-0116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Dos Santos Nunes RG, Pereira PS, Elekofehinti OO, Fidelis KR, da Silva CS, Ibrahim M, Barros LM, da Cunha FAB, Lukong KE, de Menezes IRA, Tsopmo A, Duarte AE, Kamdem JP. Possible involvement of transcriptional activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the protective effect of caffeic acid on paraquat-induced oxidative damage in Drosophila melanogaster. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 157:161-168. [PMID: 31153464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used herbicide with no antidote which is implicated in the pathogenesis of the Parkinson's disease. The present study then investigated the potential of caffeic acid (CA), a known antioxidant, cardioprotective and neuroprotective molecule to counteract oxidative stress mediated by PQ. In addition, molecular docking was performed to understand the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of CA against PQ poisoning. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, was exposed to PQ (0.44 mg/g of diet) in the absence or presence of CA (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/g of died) for 7 days. Data showed that PQ-fed flies had higher incidence of mortality which was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, increased free Fe(II) content and lipid peroxidation when compared to the control. Co-exposure with CA reduced mortality and markedly attenuated biochemical changes induced by PQ. The mechanism investigated using molecular docking revealed a strong interaction (-6.2 Kcal/mol) of CA with D. melanogaster transcriptional activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This was characterized by the binding of CA to keap-1 domain of Nrf2. Taking together these results indicate the protective effect of CA against PQ-induced oxidative damage in D. melanogaster was likely through its coordination which hinders Nrf2-keap-1 binding leading to an increase of the antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gomes Dos Santos Nunes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Silvino Pereira
- Laboratory of Farmatoxicological Prospecting of Bioactive Products (BIOFARMATOX), Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Kleber Ribeiro Fidelis
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cícera Simoni da Silva
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Luiz Marivando Barros
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition Program, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Antonia Eliene Duarte
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri, URCA, Rua Cel. Antônio Luis, 1161, Campus Pimenta CEP: 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil.
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Elekofehinti OO, Ariyo EO, Akinjiyan MO, Olayeriju OS, Lawal AO, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JBT. Potential use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) derived compounds as antidiabetics: In silico and in vivo studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:327-333. [PMID: 29764719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia (bitter lemon) belongs to the cucurbitaceae family which has been extensively used in traditional medicines for the cure of various ailments such as cancer and diabetes. The underlying mechanism of M. charantia to maintain glycemic control was investigated. GLP-1 and DPP-4 gene modulation by M. charantia (5-20% inclusion in rats diet) was investigated in vivo by RT-PCR and possible compounds responsible for diabetic action predicted through in silico approach. Phytochemicalss previously characterized from M. charantia were docked into glucacon like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1r), dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP4) and Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5 (TGR5) predicted using Autodock Vina. The results of the in silico suggests momordicosides D (ligand for TGR5), cucurbitacin (ligand for GLP-1r) and charantin (ligand for DPP-4) as the major antidiabetic compounds in bitter lemon leaf. M. charantia increased the expression of GLP-1 by about 295.7% with concomitant decreased in expression of DPP-4 by 87.2% with 20% inclusion in rat's diet. This study suggests that the mechanism underlying the action of these compounds is through activation of TGR5 and GLP-1 receptor with concurrent inhibition of DPP4. This study confirmed the use of this plant in diabetes management and the possible bioactive compounds responsible for its antidiabetic property are charantin, cucurbitacin and momordicoside D and all belong to the class of saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Units, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
| | - Esther Opeyemi Ariyo
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Units, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Moses Orimoloye Akinjiyan
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Units, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olanrewaju Sam Olayeriju
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Units, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Akeem Olalekan Lawal
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Units, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Joao Batista Teixeira Rocha
- Bioquimica Toxicologia, Departmento de Quimica, CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900 Brazil
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da Silva CS, de Cássia Gonçalves de Lima R, Elekofehinti OO, Ogunbolude Y, Duarte AE, Rocha JBT, Alencar de Menezes IR, Barros LM, Tsopmo A, Lukong KE, Kamdem JP. Caffeine-supplemented diet modulates oxidative stress markers and improves locomotor behavior in the lobster cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 282:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Elekofehinti OO, Ejelonu OC, Kamdem JP, Akinlosotu OB, Adanlawo IG. Saponins as adipokines modulator: A possible therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:337-345. [PMID: 28751956 PMCID: PMC5507830 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i7.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of type 2 diabetes has been linked to β-cell failure coupled with insulin resistance and obesity. Adipose tissue, known as the fat store, secretes a number of hormones and proteins collectively termed adipokines some of which regulate insulin sensitivity. Dysregulation in the secretion of adipokines has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarized evidence of the role of adipokines with focus on leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin and apelin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and discussed the potential of saponins to modify the ill-regulated adipokines secretions, which could promote the use of this class of phytochemicals as potential antidiabetics agents.
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Ejelonu OC, Elekofehinti OO, Adanlawo IG. Tithonia diversifolia saponin-blood lipid interaction and its influence on immune system of normal wistar rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 87:589-595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Elekofehinti OO, Kamdem JP, Meinerz DF, Kade IJ, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JBT. Saponin from the fruit of Solanum anguivi protects against oxidative damage mediated by Fe 2+ and sodium nitroprusside in rat brain synaptosome P2 fraction. Arch Pharm Res 2015. [PMID: 26160066 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-014-0536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Solanum anguivi fruit saponin has antidiabetic property via interference with cellular energy metabolism and inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In the current study, brain specific in vitro anti-oxidant role of S. anguivi saponin was investigated in the P2 synaptosomal fraction of rat brain. Using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay, S. anguivi saponin concentration- dependently (10-200 µg/ml) reversed Fe2+ and sodium nitroprusside- induced decrease in mitochondrial activity via inhibition of ROS production, ROS-induced oxidation of protein and non-protein thiol-containing molecules and lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels. Conclusively, S. anguivi fruit saponin represents a class of natural compounds with the ability to reverse synaptosomal disruption, loss of mitochondrial integrity and function often associated with the progression of Huntington's disease, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases.
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Elekofehinti OO. Saponins: Anti-diabetic principles from medicinal plants - A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:95-103. [PMID: 25753168 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a global health problem. It is the most common of the endocrine disorders and is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to relative or absolute lack of insulin secretion or insulin actions. According to the World Health Organization projections, the diabetes population is likely to increase to 300 million or more by the year 2025. Current synthetic agents and insulin used effectively for the treatment of diabetes are scarce especially in rural areas, expensive and have prominent adverse effects. Complementary and alternative approaches to diabetes management such as isolation of phytochemicals with anti-hyperglycemic activities from medicinal plants is therefore imperative. Saponins are phytochemical with structural diversity and biological activities. This paper reviews saponins and various plants from which they were isolated as well as properties that make them ideal for antidiabetic remedy.
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Ogunbolude Y, Ibrahim M, Elekofehinti OO, Adeniran A, Abolaji AO, Rocha JBT, Kamdem JP. Effects of Tapinanthus globiferus and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides extracts on human leukocytes in vitro. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2014; 3:167-72. [PMID: 26401368 PMCID: PMC4576816 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20140826110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed at investigating the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity effect of Tapinanthus globiferus and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides to human leukocytes. In addition, the reductive potential and the chemical composition of the two plant extracts were also determined. Materials and Methods: Human leukocytes were obtained from healthy volunteer donors. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of T. globiferus and Z. zanthoxyloides were assessed using the comet assay and trypan blue exclusion, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was evaluated by the reducing power assay. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector was used to characterize and quantify the constituents of these plants. Results: T. globiferus (10-150 µg/mL) was neither genotoxic nor cytotoxic at the concentrations tested, suggesting that it can be consumed safely at relatively high concentrations. However, Z. zanthoxyloides showed cytoxicity and genotoxicity to human leukocytes at the highest concentration tested (150 µg/mL). In addition, the total reducing power of T. globiferus was found higher than Z. zanthoxyloides in potassium ferricyanide reduction. Both plants extract contained flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic and caffeic). Conclusion: The results obtained support the fact that some caution should be paid regarding the dosage and the frequency of use of Z. zanthoxyloides extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yetunde Ogunbolude
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan Pakistan
| | | | - Adekunle Adeniran
- Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Amos Olalekan Abolaji
- Department of Biochemistry, Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratories, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - João Batista Teixeira Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemical Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Jean Paul Kamdem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Post-Graduate Program in Biochemical Toxicology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil ; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP 90035-003, RS, Brazil
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Elekofehinti OO, Omotuyi IO, Kamdem JP, Ejelonu OC, Alves GV, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JBT. Saponin as regulator of biofuel: implication for ethnobotanical management of diabetes. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:555-67. [PMID: 24563096 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0325-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There has been a sharp rise in the global prevalence of diabetes, obesity, and their comorbid conditions within the last decade prompting significant research into possible causes and cure via therapeutic intervention and lifestyle adjustments. Here, the molecular bases of antidiabetic plants used in the prehistorical treatment of diabetes and obesity are reviewed with particular focus on saponin as the phytotherapeutic principle. Until recently, the phytotherapeutic potentials of saponins have been masked in the heterogeneity of phytochemicals co-extractable during traditional preparations. With improved technique of purification and cutting edge biological assay methods, saponins have emerged as a regulator of primary biofuel availability through direct interaction with energy metabolism, cell signaling, and gene expression. Specific cases of lipoprotein lipase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma/phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI-3-K)/protein kinase B (Akt) activation, adiponectin gene upregulation, fatty acid binding protein 4 repression (FABP4), and glucose transporter type 4 (Glut4) membrane exocytosis have been documented which provide molecular basis for hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, and anti-obesity manifestations observed in experimental animals following saponin treatment. Although intensified research is required to characterize the pharmacophoric features in saponins exhibiting these interactions, however, this preliminary lead is valuable if the world will be free of diabetes, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis in no distant future.
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Elekofehinti OO, Kamdem JP, Bolingon AA, Athayde ML, Lopes SR, Waczuk EP, Kade IJ, Adanlawo IG, Rocha JBT. African eggplant (Solanum anguivi Lam.) fruit with bioactive polyphenolic compounds exerts in vitro antioxidant properties and inhibits Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial swelling. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:757-66. [PMID: 24075339 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of Solanum anguivi fruit (SAG) and its possible effect on mitochondrial permeability transition pore as well as mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) isolated from rat liver. METHODS Antioxidant activity of SAG was assayed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, iron chelation and ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation in both liver and brain homogenate of rats. Also, the effect of SAG on mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial swelling were determined. Identification and quantification of bioactive polyphenolics was done by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS SAG exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical-scavenging activity (IC50/DPPH=275.03±7.8 μg/mL). Reductive and iron chelation abilities also increase with increase in SAG concentration. SAG also inhibited peroxidation of cerebral and hepatic lipids subjected to iron oxidative assault. SAG protected against Ca(2+) (110 μmol/L)-induced mitochondrial swelling and maintained the ΔΨm. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid [(17.54±0.04) mg/g], chlorogenic acid (21.90±0.02 mg/g), caffeic acid (16.64±0.01 mg/g), rutin [(14.71±0.03) mg/g] and quercetin [(7.39±0.05) mg/g]. CONCLUSIONS These effects could be attributed to the bioactive polyphenolic compounds present in the extract. Our results suggest that SAG extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants that may be used not only in pharmaceutical and food industry but also in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Ondo State, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, University of Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria; Postgraduate Programme in Biochemical Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, CCNE, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
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