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Baboudjian M, Negre T, Van Hove A, McManus R, Lechevallier E, Gondran-Tellier B, Boissier R. A multi-institutional experience of Micro-percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (MicroPERC) for renal stones: Results and feasibility of day case surgery. Prog Urol 2022; 32:435-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Morelli M, Baboudjian M, Vanacore D, Gondran-Tellier B, McManus R, Karsenty G, Lechevallier E, Montanari E, Boissier R. Early PDD cystoscopy after BCG induction for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer significantly increased the detection of BCG-refractory tumors. EUR UROL SUPPL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(21)00935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Breuleux C, Gondran-Tellier B, Guerin V, McManus R, Pauly V, Lechevallier E, Albanese J, Baboudjian M. Preoperative polymicrobial urine culture: An analysis of the risk of perioperative urinary tract infection. Prog Urol 2021; 32:373-380. [PMID: 34602341 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report our management of preoperative polymicrobial urine culture and to determine its correlation with the risk of postoperative urinary tract infection (UTI). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified all patients with preoperative polymicrobial urine culture in our center between January 2017 and October 2019. Preoperative urine cultures were collected 5 to 8 days before the surgery. No antibiotic prophylaxis was administered preoperatively in the absence of pyuria. Patients with pyuria (≥10 leukocytes/mm3) were treated preoperatively with Ceftriaxone. In case of beta-lactam allergy, the choice between other antibiotic therapies was left to the surgeon's discretion. A second urine culture was collected the day before surgery. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of UTI within 15 days following surgery. RESULTS In all, 690 patients were included in the study. In line with our protocol, patients had Ceftriaxone, Fluoroquinolones, another antibiotic or no antibiotic prophylaxis in 492 cases (71.3%), 22 cases (3.2%), 31 cases (4.5%), and 145 cases (21%), respectively. The overall sterilization rate of 40.4% was similar between each treatment arm (P=0.54). Postoperative UTI occurred in 68 cases (10.5%). In multivariate analysis, a sterile urine culture the day before surgery was the only factor decreasing the risk of postoperative UTI (OR 0.39, 95%CI, 0.17-0.84; P=0.022). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that empirical antibiotic therapy for the treatment of preoperative polymicrobial urine culture is no longer adequate. Further evaluation of organisms isolated may provide the necessary antibiograms for initiation of susceptibility based antibiotic therapy that could decrease postoperative UTI rates. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Breuleux
- Department of anesthesiology and reanimation, Conception Academic hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - B Gondran-Tellier
- Department of urology and kidney transplantation, Conception Academic hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - V Guerin
- Department of anesthesiology and reanimation, Conception Academic hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - R McManus
- Department of urology and kidney transplantation, Conception Academic hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - V Pauly
- Department of medical information, Conception Academic Hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - E Lechevallier
- Department of urology and kidney transplantation, Conception Academic hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - J Albanese
- Department of anesthesiology and reanimation, Conception Academic hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - M Baboudjian
- Department of urology and kidney transplantation, Conception Academic hospital, Aix-Marseille university, AP-HM, 147, boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Tsay T, Tsay T, Shugrue N, Charles D, Migneault D, McManus R, Gruman C, Robison J. Type of HCBS Support Provided Predictive of Frailty Status Change Among Older Participants. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:B24. [PMID: 34287174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.01.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Backhouse EV, Brown R, Williams S, Parry-Jones A, Werring D, Sprigg N, Touyz R, Tyrrell P, Robinson T, Rudd A, McManus R, O’Brien J, Markus H, Bath P, Quinn T, Doubal F, Wardlaw JM. 136Rates, risks and routes to reduce vascular dementia (R4VAD). Age Ageing 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz001.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Clark C, Boddy K, Warren F, McDonagh S, Taylor R, Aboyans V, Cloutier L, McManus R, Shore A, Campbell J. INTER-ARM DIFFERENCES IN BLOOD PRESSURE AND MORTALITY: INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA META-ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PROGNOSTIC ALGORITHM (INTERPRESS-IPD COLLABORATION). Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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McManus R, Miller D, Mottola M, Giroux I, Donovan L. Translating Healthy Living Messages to Postpartum Women and Their Partners After Gestational Diabetes (GDM): Body Habitus, A1C, Lifestyle Habits, and Program Engagement Results From the Families Defeating Diabetes (FDD) Randomized Trial. Am J Health Promot 2017; 32:1438-1446. [PMID: 29108443 DOI: 10.1177/0890117117738210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Families Defeating Diabetes intervention evaluated a postpartum healthy living program for women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. SETTING Tertiary centers in London, Calgary, and Victoria, Canada. PARTICIPANTS Women with GDM and partners; 46% of eligible maternal participants agreed to participate. INTERVENTION Interventional (INT) participants received a healthy living seminar at 3 months; access to a walking group/Website; biweekly e-mails. Control (CON) participants received a contemporary postpartum diabetes prevention handout. MEASURES Maternal, partner, and offspring demographics at baseline, 3, and 12 months. ANALYSIS Percentages of women losing ≥7% of postpartum weight were compared by χ2 testing; body habitus comparisons by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA); maternal A1C comparisons by unpaired t tests; participant outcome associations by Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Maternal participants were 170 (89 INT and 81 CON) with 63 partners (30 INT and 33 CON); 103 (73 maternal; 30 partners) were lost to follow-up; 57% of maternal participants completed 12 months; 33% INT women (n = 50) lost ≥7% weight versus 25% CON women (n = 47), P = .43. Interventional participant results did not correlate with accession of study elements. Maternal completion was significantly associated with partner involvement, breastfeeding, higher income, and education. Paternal weights correlated significantly with maternal and offspring weights. CONCLUSION Families Defeating Diabetes outcomes were not significantly different for INT maternal or paternal participants versus CON participants. Secondary outcomes of future value included statistically significant positive associations between paternal participation, socioeconomic indicators, and maternal study completion, significant correlations between maternal, paternal, and offspring weights as well as insights into study component engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McManus
- 1 The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Miller
- 2 The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - M Mottola
- 3 The School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - I Giroux
- 4 The School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Donovan
- 5 The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, the University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Budu-Aggrey A, Bowes J, Lohr S, Uebe S, Zervou M, Helliwell P, Ryan A, Kane D, Korendowych E, Giardina E, Packham J, McManus R, FitzGerald O, McHugh N, Behrens F, Burkhardt H, Huffmeier U, Ho P, Martin J, Castañeda S, Goulielmos G, Reis A, Barton A. SAT0011 Replication of A Distinct Psoriatic Arthritis Risk Variant at IL23R. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.4063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Budu-Aggrey A, Lohr S, Bowes J, Uebe S, Bruce I, Feletar M, Marzo-Ortega H, Helliwell P, Ryan A, Kane D, Korendowych E, Alenius GM, Giardina E, Packham J, McManus R, FitzGerald O, McHugh N, Brown M, Behrens F, Burkhardt H, Huffmeier U, Ho P, Reis A, Barton A. OP0128 PTPN22 is Associated with Susceptibility to Psoriatic Arthritis but not Psoriasis: Evidence for a Further PSA-Specific Risk Locus. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mellor R, Sheppard J, Bates E, Bouliotis G, Jones J, Singh S, Skelton J, Wiskin C, McManus R. Receptionist recognition and referral of patients with stroke: a study using simulated patient telephone calls in the West Midlands in 2013. Eur J Public Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cku163.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Wylie
- Porterbrook Clinic, Michael Carlisle Centre, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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Ruchat SM, Davenport MH, Giroux I, Hillier M, Batada A, Sopper MM, McManus R, Hammond JA, Mottola MF. Effect of exercise intensity and duration on capillary glucose responses in pregnant women at low and high risk for gestational diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2012; 28:669-78. [PMID: 22865627 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise may influence glucose metabolism during pregnancy. We examined the effect of exercise intensity and duration on capillary glucose responses in pregnant women at low and high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) who followed a modified GDM meal plan. METHODS Randomization occurred at study entry (16-20 weeks' gestation) into a low-intensity [30% heart rate reserve, low risk-30%I, n = 12; high risk-30%I, n = 11] or vigorous-intensity (70% heart rate reserve, low risk-70%I, n = 12; R-70%I, n = 11) exercise program with similar nutritional control. Exercise consisted of walking three to four times a week, gradually increasing time from 25 to 40 min/session. Free-living capillary glucose concentrations were measured once a week pre-exercise and post-exercise. RESULTS Capillary glucose responses to exercise were strongly influenced by an interaction between GDM risk, exercise duration and exercise intensity (p = 0.006). Decreases in glucose concentrations were observed after 25 (4 ± 13%), 35 (21 ± 12%) and 40 min (15 ± 18%) of walking in high risk-30%I women, with the most noticeable decline after 35 and 40 min. In the high risk-70%I, glucose concentrations decreased significantly only after 25 (22 ± 14%) and 35 min (7 ± 23%) and increasing the exercise time attenuated glucose concentrations decline. In low risk women, regardless of exercise intensity and duration, decreases in glucose concentrations were significant and similar. CONCLUSION To achieve the best decline in glucose concentrations, pregnant women who follow a modified GDM meal plan should walk for 25 min/session at vigorous intensity or for 35-40 min/session at low intensity if they are at risk for GDM and for at least 25 min at either low or vigorous intensity if they are at low risk for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-M Ruchat
- R. Samuel McLaughlin Foundation-Exercise and Pregnancy Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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O’Donovan C, Hirsch E, Holohan E, McBride I, McManus R, Hussey J. Energy expended playing Xbox Kinect™ and Wii™ games: a preliminary study comparing single and multiplayer modes. Physiotherapy 2012; 98:224-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Grealy R, White M, O'Dwyer M, Stordeur P, Doherty DG, McManus R, Ryan T. Modelling immune responses in sepsis. Crit Care 2012. [PMCID: PMC3363422 DOI: 10.1186/cc10611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - M White
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M O'Dwyer
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - T Ryan
- St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Collette BB, Carpenter KE, Polidoro BA, Juan-Jordá MJ, Boustany A, Die DJ, Elfes C, Fox W, Graves J, Harrison LR, McManus R, Minte-Vera CV, Nelson R, Restrepo V, Schratwieser J, Sun CL, Amorim A, Brick Peres M, Canales C, Cardenas G, Chang SK, Chiang WC, de Oliveira Leite N, Harwell H, Lessa R, Fredou FL, Oxenford HA, Serra R, Shao KT, Sumaila R, Wang SP, Watson R, Yáñez E. High Value and Long Life—Double Jeopardy for Tunas and Billfishes. Science 2011; 333:291-2. [PMID: 21737699 DOI: 10.1126/science.1208730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B B Collette
- National Marine Fisheries Service Systematics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA.
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Zhernakova A, Stahl EA, Trynka G, Raychaudhuri S, Festen E, Franke L, Fehrmann RSN, Kurreeman FAS, Thomson B, Gupta N, Romanos J, McManus R, Ryan AW, Turner G, Remmers EF, Greco L, Toes R, Grandone E, Mazzilli MC, Rybak A, Cukrowska B, Li Y, de Bakker PIW, Gregersen PK, Worthington J, Siminovitch KA, Klareskog L, Huizinga TWJ, Wijmenga C, Plenge RM. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in celiac disease and rheumatoid arthritis identifies fourteen non-HLA shared loci. Ann Rheum Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148965.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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White M, McManus R, Ryan T. Hospital-acquired pneumonia is associated with deficient γc-cytokine gene expression. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3066857 DOI: 10.1186/cc9603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Patel K, Duggan S, Currid C, Gallagher W, McManus R, Kelleher D, Murphy R, Ryan A. High sensitivity cytokine detection in acute coronary syndrome reveals up-regulation of Interferon Gamma and Interleukin-10 post Myocardial Infarction. Clin Immunol 2009; 133:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Habib G, Hoen B, Tornos P, Thuny F, Prendergast B, Vilacosta I, Moreillon P, de Jesus Antunes M, Thilen U, Lekakis J, Lengyel M, Müller L, Naber CK, Nihoyannopoulos P, Moritz A, Zamorano JL, Vahanian A, Auricchio A, Bax J, Ceconi C, Dean V, Filippatos G, Funck-Brentano C, Hobbs R, Kearney P, McDonagh T, McGregor K, Popescu BA, Reiner Z, Sechtem U, Sirnes PA, Tendera M, Vardas P, Widimsky P, Vahanian A, Aguilar R, Bongiorni MG, Borger M, Butchart E, Danchin N, Delahaye F, Erbel R, Franzen D, Gould K, Hall R, Hassager C, Kjeldsen K, McManus R, Miro JM, Mokracek A, Rosenhek R, San Roman Calvar JA, Seferovic P, Selton-Suty C, Uva MS, Trinchero R, van Camp G. Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infective endocarditis (new version 2009): the Task Force on the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Infective Endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) and the International Society of Chemotherapy (ISC) for Infection and Cancer. Eur Heart J 2009; 30:2369-413. [PMID: 19713420 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1213] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Habib
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU La Timone, Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
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Trynka G, Zhernakova A, Romanos J, Franke L, Hunt KA, Turner G, Bruinenberg M, Heap GA, Platteel M, Ryan AW, de Kovel C, Holmes GKT, Howdle PD, Walters JRF, Sanders DS, Mulder CJJ, Mearin ML, Verbeek WHM, Trimble V, Stevens FM, Kelleher D, Barisani D, Bardella MT, McManus R, van Heel DA, Wijmenga C. Coeliac disease-associated risk variants in TNFAIP3 and REL implicate altered NF-kappaB signalling. Gut 2009; 58:1078-83. [PMID: 19240061 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2008.169052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our previous coeliac disease genome-wide association study (GWAS) implicated risk variants in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region and eight novel risk regions. To identify more coeliac disease loci, we selected 458 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that showed more modest association in the GWAS for genotyping and analysis in four independent cohorts. DESIGN 458 SNPs were assayed in 1682 cases and 3258 controls from three populations (UK, Irish and Dutch). We combined the results with the original GWAS cohort (767 UK cases and 1422 controls); six SNPs showed association with p<1 x 10(-04) and were then genotyped in an independent Italian coeliac cohort (538 cases and 593 controls). RESULTS We identified two novel coeliac disease risk regions: 6q23.3 (OLIG3-TNFAIP3) and 2p16.1 (REL), both of which reached genome-wide significance in the combined analysis of all 2987 cases and 5273 controls (rs2327832 p = 1.3 x 10(-08), and rs842647 p = 5.2 x 10(-07)). We investigated the expression of these genes in the RNA isolated from biopsies and from whole blood RNA. We did not observe any changes in gene expression, nor in the correlation of genotype with gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Both TNFAIP3 (A20, at the protein level) and REL are key mediators in the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) inflammatory signalling pathway. For the first time, a role for primary heritable variation in this important biological pathway predisposing to coeliac disease has been identified. Currently, the HLA risk factors and the 10 established non-HLA risk factors explain approximately 40% of the heritability of coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Trynka
- Genetics Department, University Medical Centre, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Patel K, Murphy R, White M, Gasparro D, Kelleher D, Ryan T, McManus R, Ryan A. Interleukin 17: An unlikely marker of acute coronary syndrome? Atherosclerosis 2009; 205:33-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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White M, Grealy R, Doherty D, Kelleher D, McManus R, Ryan T. IL-2 modulates IFNγ mRNA gene expression in cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from septic patients. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4084248 DOI: 10.1186/cc7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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O'Dwyer MJ, Mankan AK, Ryan AW, Lawless MW, Stordeur P, Kelleher D, McManus R, Ryan T. Characterization of tumour necrosis factor-alpha genetic variants and mRNA expression in patients with severe sepsis. Int J Immunogenet 2008; 35:279-85. [PMID: 18643840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2008.00773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) has been implicated in the pathogenicity of severe sepsis by both genetic association studies and animal models. Conflicting functional data have emerged in relation to genetic variants and TNFalpha protein production. Therefore, we assessed the functionality of TNFalpha genetic variants in terms of mRNA production and their potential influence on outcome in the setting of severe sepsis. Sixty-two Irish Caucasian patients presenting with severe sepsis were recruited and TNFalpha mRNA and protein levels were quantified. Patient DNA was analysed for the presence of common promoter polymorphisms and haplotypes were inferred. An A allele at position -863 was associated with more TNFalpha mRNA on day 1 compared to C homozygotes (P = 0.037). There was a trend for G homozygotes at position -308 to produce more TNFalpha mRNA on day 1 than those carrying an A allele (P = 0.059). The presence of an A allele at -863 was associated with greater levels of TNFalpha mRNA in comparison with patients carrying the A allele at -308 on day 1 (P = 0.02). Patients homozygous for the A allele at position -308 had a higher mortality than those carrying the G allele (P = 0.01). Our data are consistent with recent reports suggesting that a deficient proinflammatory response may be harmful in human sepsis. This deficient inflammatory response may be mediated in part by polymorphisms in the TNFalpha promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J O'Dwyer
- Department of Anaesthesia, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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White M, O'Dwyer MJ, Grealy R, Stordeur P, O'Connell B, Kelleher DK, McManus R, Ryan T. Transforming growth factor beta 1 gene transcription in infection and severe sepsis displays distinguishing characteristics. Crit Care 2008. [PMCID: PMC4088568 DOI: 10.1186/cc6418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Phillips C, Goumidi L, Bertrais S, Ferguson J, McManus R, Hercberg S, Lairon D, Roche H, Planells R. PO5-112 INTERACTION BETWEEN DIETARY FATTY ACIDS AND GENETIC VARIATION IN THE METABOLIC SYNDROME. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(07)71122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Daley A, MacArthur C, McManus R, Stokes-Lampard H, Wilson S, Roalfe A, Mutrie N. Factors associated with the use of complementary medicine and non-pharmacological interventions in symptomatic menopausal women. Climacteric 2007; 9:336-46. [PMID: 17000582 DOI: 10.1080/13697130600864074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormone replacement therapy is now thought to have serious adverse effects; consequently, many menopausal women are seeking to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), including non-pharmacological interventions (NPI), to alleviate symptoms. The prevalence and perceived effectiveness of CAM and NPI for ameliorating menopausal symptoms are not widely known and factors likely to predict CAM and NPI utilization for menopausal symptom management have not been comprehensively documented. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of using CAM and NPI for menopausal symptoms; (2) describe the perceived effectiveness of CAM and NPI for symptom management; and (3) investigate lifestyle and demographic factors associated with CAM/NPI use among menopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. METHODS Women aged 46-55 years were recruited via six socioeconomically diverse general practices. Participants completed a postal questionnaire that contained items relating to demographics, lifestyle factors, weight, height, exercise behavior, menopausal status, vasomotor symptoms and utilization and perceived effectiveness of a range of CAM/NPI for symptom management. RESULTS Of 1,206 women who responded, 563 (47%) were symptomatic. The most commonly used CAM/NPI for symptom management were diet/nutrition (44.3%), exercise/yoga (41.5%), relaxation/stress management (27.4%) and homeopathic/naturopathic remedies (25.4%). Of women who used these interventions, large proportions reported them to be helpful. The characteristics that were independently associated with use of CAM/NPI were White ethnicity, being physically active, and not smoking. CONCLUSIONS Many menopausal symptomatic women are using a wide range of CAM/NPI and report these to be effective, particularly those who are white, physically active and do not smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daley
- Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Odwyer M, White M, McManus R, Ryan T. TNFα promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms may influence gene expression in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care 2007. [PMCID: PMC4095501 DOI: 10.1186/cc5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ryan AW, Mapp J, Moyna S, Mattiangeli V, Kelleher D, Bradley DG, McManus R. Levels of interpopulation differentiation among different functional classes of immunologically important genes. Genes Immun 2006; 7:179-83. [PMID: 16222342 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It has been postulated that gene function may influence the degree to which allele frequencies differ among populations. In order to evaluate this effect, genotypic data from resequencing studies of genes classified as cytokines, cytokine receptors, cell adhesion molecules, Toll-like receptors and coagulation proteins were analysed for genetic differentiation (FST) between population samples of European and African descent. FST values did not differ statistically among functional groups when all polymorphic sites were included in the analyses. However, analysis based on nonsynonymous SNPs alone suggested weak heterogeneity among functional classes (P=0.0424). Particularly high levels of differentiation were shown by individual nonsynonymous SNPs at some genes, most notably ICAM1 and some Toll-like receptors. These genes interact directly with pathogens, and may therefore have been subject to geographically localised natural selection. Such loci warrant particular attention in studies of genetic disease risk and local adaptation to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Ryan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Brophy K, Ryan AW, Thornton JM, Abuzakouk M, Fitzgerald AP, McLoughlin RM, O'morain C, Kennedy NP, Stevens FM, Feighery C, Kelleher D, McManus R. Haplotypes in the CTLA4 region are associated with coeliac disease in the Irish population. Genes Immun 2005; 7:19-26. [PMID: 16237465 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chromosomal region 2q33 encodes the immune regulatory genes, CTLA4, ICOS and CD28, which are involved in regulation of T-cell activity and has been studied as a candidate gene locus in autoimmune diseases, including coeliac disease (CD). We have investigated whether an association exists between this region and CD in the Irish population using a comprehensive analysis for genetic variation. Using a haplotype-tagging approach, this gene cluster was investigated for disease association in a case-control study comprising 394 CD patients and 421 ethnically matched healthy controls. Several SNPs, including CTLA4_CT60, showed association with disease; however, after correction for multiple-testing, CTLA4-658C/T was the only polymorphism found to show significant association with disease when allele, genotype, or carrier status frequency were analysed (carrier status (Allele C), P = 0.0016). Haplotype analysis revealed a haplotype incorporating the CD28/CTLA4 and two 5' ICOS polymorphisms to be significantly associated with disease (patients 24.1%; controls 31.5%; P = 0.035), as was a shorter haplotype composed of the CTLA4 markers only (30.9 vs 34.9%; P = 0.042). The extended haplotype incorporating CD28/CTLA4 and 5' ICOS is more strongly associated with disease than haplotypes of individual genes. This suggests a causal variant associated with this haplotype may be associated with disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Brophy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Goulding C, McManus R, Murphy A, MacDonald G, Barrett S, Crowe J, Hegarty J, McKiernan S, Kelleher D. The CCR5-delta32 mutation: impact on disease outcome in individuals with hepatitis C infection from a single source. Gut 2005; 54:1157-61. [PMID: 15863470 PMCID: PMC1774905 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2004.055699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chemokines are small polypeptides, a major function of which is lymphocyte recruitment and trafficking. The aim of this study was to assess the involvement of inherited variations in CCR2, CCR5, and the ligand RANTES in determining disease outcome in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected individuals. METHODS A total of 283 women, all exposed to HCV genotype 1b from a single donor, and including those who had spontaneously cleared the virus and those chronically infected, were genotyped for CCR2, CCR5, and RANTES polymorphisms. The frequencies of these polymorphisms were then compared with disease activity and severity. RESULTS CCR5, CCR2, and RANTES genotypes were compared with HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) status, alanine aminotransferase levels, and liver histology. There was no significant relationship between CCR2 or RANTES polymorphisms and disease outcome or severity. However, CCR5delta32 heterozygotes were more likely to have spontaneous clearance of the virus than those without the mutation (42% PCR negative v 28.3% negative; p = 0.044, odds ratio 1.83 (95% confidence interval 1.1-3.6)). Among the subgroup of DRB1*03011 negative individuals, previously found to be associated with more severe inflammation, the difference in histological inflammatory score (CCR5WT/WT = 4.9 v CCR5delta32/WT = 3.53; p = 0.043) was significant. CONCLUSION Heterozygosity for CCR5delta32 was shown to be significantly associated with spontaneous hepatitis C viral clearance and with significantly lower hepatic inflammatory scores in subgroups within this cohort. Both controls and the HCV population had similar heterozygosity frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Goulding
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Dublin Molecular Medicine Centre, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James Hospital, Ireland.
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Azim K, Kelleher D, McManus R, Reynolds JV. Association of TNF alpha gene -308 GG genotype with postoperative infections in oesophageal cancer patients. Ir J Med Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03170142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ryan AW, Thornton JM, Brophy K, Daly JS, McLoughlin RM, O'Morain C, Abuzakouk M, Kennedy NP, Stevens FM, Feighery C, Kelleher D, McManus R. Chromosome 5q candidate genes in coeliac disease: Genetic variation at IL4, IL5, IL9, IL13, IL17B and NR3C1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 65:150-5. [PMID: 15713213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to coeliac disease (CD) is determined primarily by alleles at the HLA-DQB locus, and evidence exists implicating other major histocompatibility complex-linked genes (6p21) and the CTLA4 locus on chromosome 2q33. In addition, extensive family studies have provided strong, reproducible evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 5q (CELIAC2). However, the gene responsible has not been identified. We have assayed genetic variation at the IL4, IL5, IL9, IL13, IL17B and NR3C1 (GR) loci, all of which are present on chromosome 5q and have potential or demonstrated involvement in autoimmune and/or inflammatory disease, in a sample of 409 CD cases and 355 controls. Thirteen single nucleotide polymorphisms were chosen on the basis of functional relevance, prior disease association and, where possible, prior knowledge of the haplotype variation present in European populations. There were no statistically significant allele or haplotype frequency differences between cases and controls. Therefore, these results provide no evidence that these loci are associated with CD in this sample population.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Ryan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Windle HJ, Ang YS, Athie-Morales V, Morales VA, McManus R, Kelleher D. Human peripheral and gastric lymphocyte responses to Helicobacter pylori NapA and AphC differ in infected and uninfected individuals. Gut 2005; 54:25-32. [PMID: 15591500 PMCID: PMC1774350 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.025494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we identify the nature of the immunological response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and lamina propria gastric lymphocytes (LPL) to two Helicobacter pylori antigens, the neutrophil activating protein (NapA) and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AphC). These antigens were identified and selected for study based on the observation that serological recognition of these proteins was associated with H pylori negative status in humans. AIMS The aim was to study the serological, proliferative, and cytokine responses of PBMC and LPL, obtained from H pylori infected and uninfected individuals, to these antigens. METHODS Patient serum, PBMC, and LPL were used to determine antibody isotype, and proliferative and cytokine responses to recombinant forms of NapA and AphC using western blotting and ELISA. RESULTS Western blotting revealed antibody reactivity to recombinant NapA and AphC among the H pylori negative population studied. Both the proliferative and interferon gamma responses of PBMC and LPL to NapA and AphC were significantly higher in H pylori negative compared with H pylori positive subjects. Analysis of the IgG subclass profiles to both antigens revealed a T helper 1 associated IgG3 antibody response in uninfected individuals. However, interleukin 10 production was greater in H pylori positive individuals in response to these antigens. CONCLUSIONS Taken together these data are consistent with an immune response to these antigens skewed towards a T helper 1 response in the uninfected cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Windle
- Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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Ryan AW, Thornton JM, Brophy K, Daly JS, O'Morain C, McLoughlin RM, Kennedy NP, Abuzakouk M, Stevens FM, Feighery C, Kelleher D, McManus R. Haplotype variation at the IBD5/SLC22A4 locus (5q31) in coeliac disease in the Irish population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 64:195-8. [PMID: 15245375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2004.00251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the well-established association of coeliac disease (CD) with HLA-DQ (6p21) and possibly CTLA4 (2q33), there is considerable evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 5q, which contains many potential candidates for inflammatory disease, including a cluster of cytokine genes in 5q31. CD cases and controls were genotyped for four single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that together characterize >90% of the haplotype variation at the IBD5 locus encoding, among others, the SLC22A4 gene. IBD5 and SLC22A4 map to 5q31 and have recently been associated with Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Haplotype frequencies do not differ significantly between CD cases and controls in the Irish population, and therefore the chromosome 5 CD susceptibility locus most likely lies elsewhere on 5q.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Ryan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College, Trinity Center for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Arnott IDR, Nimmo ER, Drummond HE, Fennell J, Smith BRK, MacKinlay E, Morecroft J, Anderson N, Kelleher D, O'Sullivan M, McManus R, Satsangi J. NOD2/CARD15, TLR4 and CD14 mutations in Scottish and Irish Crohn's disease patients: evidence for genetic heterogeneity within Europe? Genes Immun 2004; 5:417-25. [PMID: 15190267 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NOD2/caspase recruitment domain (CARD)15 variants are identified in up to 50% of Crohn's disease (CD) patients. Functional variants of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and CD14 genes may also be relevant to disease pathophysiology. We aimed to assess the contribution of NOD2/CARD15, TLR4 and CD14 variants in Scottish and Irish CD patients. In all, 612 patients with well-characterised inflammatory bowel disease (252 Scottish CD, 247 Scottish UC, 113 Irish CD) and 304 controls were genotyped for variants of NOD2/CARD15 (1007fsinsC, G908R, R702W, P268S), TLR4 (A299G) and CD14 (T-159C). Genotype-phenotype analyses were performed. Variant 1007fsinsC (P=0.003) and G908R (P=0.008) but not R702W (P=0.269) alleles were more prevalent in Scottish CD (4.7, 1.8 and 7.1%, respectively) than Scottish control (2.3, 0.3 and 5.4%). CD allelic frequencies were lower than the series from Europe (P<0.00001) and North America (P<0.00001) but not Scandinavia (P<0.7). Associations were identified with age at diagnosis (P=0.002), ileal disease (P<0.02), penetrating disease (P=0.04) and inflammatory joint disease (P<0.02). TLR4 and CD14 variants did not differ between CD and controls. In conclusion, we present compelling evidence for genetic heterogeneity within Europe. These NOD2/CARD15 variants have a minor contribution in Scottish and Irish CD patients, consistent with an emerging pattern from Northern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- I D R Arnott
- Gastrointestinal Unit, University Department of Medical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
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Ryan BM, Molloy AM, McManus R, Arfin Q, Kelleher D, Scott JM, Weir DG. The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in colorectal cancer: role in tumor development and significance of allelic loss in tumor progression. Int J Gastrointest Cancer 2003; 30:105-11. [PMID: 12540022 DOI: 10.1385/ijgc:30:3:105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Folate deficiency predisposes to sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a critical folate-metabolising enzyme and a polymorphism at position 677 (C677T), is associated with reduced enzyme activity. We investigated whether this functional polymorphism modulates the risk of developing CRC. METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study. 136 unselected cases of sporadic CRC and 848 normal population controls were genotyped for the MTHFR C677T polymorphism. Tumor tissue was genotyped to assess loss of heterozygosity (LOH). RESULTS MTHFR CT heterozygotes had a significantly increased risk of developing CRC (53.7% of CRC cases vs 38.4% of controls), odds ratio 1.86 (95% CI 1.3-2.7, p < 0.005). No increased cancer risk was observed in TT homozygotes. The MTHFR 'T' allele frequency was significantly higher in the cancer group (0.3713) as compared to controls (0.2900, p < 0.008). LOH at the MTHFR locus was observed in 18% of informative cancers, with exclusive loss of the variant 'T' allele, in all cases. CONCLUSION In this study of a homogenous northern European population, MTHFR CT heterozygotes had an almost two-fold increased risk of developing sporadic CRC. The exclusive pattern of MTHFR allele loss in cases of LOH, suggest that functional MTHFR activity within a tumor might play an important role in the survival and progression of a colonic neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Ryan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Medicine, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
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Fitzmaurice DA, Kesteven P, Gee KM, Murray ET, McManus R. A systematic review of outcome measures reported for the therapeutic effectiveness of oral anticoagulation. J Clin Pathol 2003; 56:48-51. [PMID: 12499433 PMCID: PMC1769863 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.56.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the evidence of therapeutic international normalised ratio (INR) control reporting and to provide recommendations for future reporting, particularly for research and audit purposes. METHODS A systematic review of literature published over a five year period describing therapeutic INR control. Papers were identified from the Medline electronic database, and those that met the quality criteria were reviewed independently by an academic general practitioner and a consultant haematologist. RESULTS Fifteen papers were identified that met the quality criteria for review. The sample size of studies ranged from 53 to 2545 (mean, 483.9) patients. Follow up ranged from three months to 13 years. Twelve studies reported results from secondary care only, one from primary care only, and two from both primary and secondary care. Seven of the 15 papers reported percentage time in range, five of 15 papers reported mean INR, six of 15 papers reported the proportion of tests in range, and five of 15 papers reported mean warfarin dose. Additional methods of presenting INR results were: dose changes each month, distribution of INR results, deviation of INR value from mean, percentage dose changes, time between visits, and median INR value. Six papers reported only one outcome measure, six reported two outcomes, two papers reported three outcomes, and one paper reported five outcomes. CONCLUSIONS It is recommended that at least two outcome measures should be reported and measures should be selected so that both the INR determinations and dosing advice are monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Fitzmaurice
- Department of Primary Care and General Practice, The Medical School, University of Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Ryan BM, Lefort F, McManus R, Daly J, Keeling PWN, Weir DG, Kelleher D. A prospective study of circulating mutant KRAS2 in the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia: strong prognostic indicator in postoperative follow up. Gut 2003; 52:101-8. [PMID: 12477769 PMCID: PMC1773535 DOI: 10.1136/gut.52.1.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mutant tumour derived DNA has been detected in the sera of colorectal cancer patients. We investigated if mutant serum KRAS2 was detectable preoperatively in a large group of patients with colorectal neoplasia. A prospective study of 94 patients who underwent putative curative resection for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) was performed to ascertain if serum mutant KRAS2 could be used postoperatively as a disease marker. METHODS Preoperative sera from 78 patients were analysed (group A). Sera from 94 patients were obtained three monthly for up to three years during the postoperative period (group B). Codon 12 and 13 KRAS2 mutations were analysed in matched tumour and serum samples. RESULTS In the preoperative group (group A), KRAS2 mutation was found in 41/78 (53%) tumours and in 32/78 (41%) preoperative sera. Of 41 tumour KRAS2 mutation positive cases, 31/41 (76%) had an identical serum mutation detectable. In group B, the postoperative follow up group, 60/94 cases were primary tumour KRAS2 mutation positive. Of these 60, 16/60 (27%) became persistently serum mutant KRAS2 positive postoperatively. Ten of 16 (63%) of these developed a recurrence compared with only 1/44 (2%) patients who remained serum mutant negative (odds ratio 71.7 (95% confidence interval 7.7-663.9; p=0.0000). None of 34 tumour mutation negative cases became serum mutant KRAS2 positive postoperatively, despite recurrence in 9/34 patients. The relative hazard of disease recurrence in postoperative serum mutant KRAS2 positive patients was 6.37 (2.26-18.0; p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Serum mutant KRAS2 can be detected preoperatively in all stages of colorectal neoplasia. Postoperatively, serum mutant KRAS2 is a strong predictor of disease recurrence, stronger even than Dukes' stage of disease, and thus shows potential for use in clinical practice as a marker of preclinical disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Ryan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Ryan BM, McManus R, Daly JS, Carton E, Keeling PW, Reynolds JV, Kelleher D. A common p73 polymorphism is associated with a reduced incidence of oesophageal carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1499-503. [PMID: 11720435 PMCID: PMC2363958 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma is rising; to date, no susceptibility genes have been identified. p73, a novel p53 homologue, maps to chromosome 1p36, a region commonly deleted in oesophageal cancers. p73 shares some p53-like activity, but in addition, may also play a role in gastrointestinal epithelial inflammatory responses. A non-coding p73 polymorphism (denoted AT or GC) may be functionally significant. We investigated whether this polymorphism might play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of oesophageal cancer. This was a case-control, retrospective study. 84 cases of oesophageal cancer (25 squamous and 59 adenocarcinoma) and 152 normal population controls were genotyped for this polymorphism. Informative cases were examined for p73 LOH within the tumour. AT/AT homozygotes were significantly less prevalent in the oesophageal cancer population (1/84 = 1.2%) compared to controls (15/152 = 9.9%) (P < 0.02), corresponding to an odds ratio of 0.11 (95% C.I. 0.02-0.6, P < 0.02), or 9-fold reduced risk. Moreover, AT/AT homozygotes were significantly less frequent in the cancer population than would be expected under the Hardy-Weinberg hypothesis (P = 0.0099). LOH at the p73 locus was observed in 37.8% (14/37) of the AT/GC heterozygotes studied; in all cases there was loss of the AT allele. Our findings indicate that p73 AT/AT homozygotes appear to be protected against the development of oesophageal cancer. Clinically, this observation could have implications in aiding identification of high-risk Barrett's oesophagus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Ryan
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Gastroenterology, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin 8, Ireland
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McManus R, BoAbbas Y, Lampe H, Holliday R, Shum D. Maxillary giant cell granuloma, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism without medullary thyroid carcinoma. Ear Nose Throat J 2000; 79:590-3. [PMID: 10969467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined a young man who had a benign giant cell granuloma of the maxilla, which we subsequently diagnosed as a brown tumor associated with hyperparathyroidism. During surgery for the granuloma, the patient developed severe hypertension and was discovered to have an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. Oncogene and calcitonin testing for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid was negative. Therefore, despite the presence of both pheochromocytoma and hyperparathyroidism, we concluded that this patient did not have multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McManus
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
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Lakhani SR, Gusterson BA, Jacquemier J, Sloane JP, Anderson TJ, van de Vijver MJ, Venter D, Freeman A, Antoniou A, McGuffog L, Smyth E, Steel CM, Haites N, Scott RJ, Goldgar D, Neuhausen S, Daly PA, Ormiston W, McManus R, Scherneck S, Ponder BA, Futreal PA, Peto J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bignon YJ, Stratton MR. The pathology of familial breast cancer: histological features of cancers in families not attributable to mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:782-9. [PMID: 10741697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers arising in carriers of mutations in the breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, differ histologically from each other and from breast cancers unselected for a family history. However, a substantial proportion of families with multiple cases of breast cancer is not attributable to these two genes (non-BRCA1/2 families). We have now characterized the pathology of 82 breast cancers from non-BRCA1/2 families. Breast cancers in non-BRCA1/2 families were of lower grade (P = 0.0018), showed fewer mitoses (P < 0.0001), less nuclear pleomorphism (P = 0.0014), less lymphocytic infiltrate (P < 0.0001), a lesser extent of the tumor with a continuous pushing margin (P = 0.004), a lesser extent of the tumor composed of solid sheets of cells (P = 0.0047), less necrosis (P = 0.002), and wereparison with BRCA2 tumors, non-BRCA1/2 tumors were lower grade (P = 0.017) and exhibited less pleomorphism (P = 0.01) and more tubule formation (P = 0.05). In comparison with control breast cancers unselected for a family history of the disease, non-BRCA1/2 tumors were of significantly lower grade (P = 0.001), showed less pleomorphism (P = 0.0002), and had a lower mitotic count (P = 0.003). The results indicate that non-BRCA1/2 breast cancers differ histologically from both BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast cancers and are overall of lower grade. They also suggest that non-BRCA1/2 breast cancers differ from nonfamilial breast cancers, but these differences may be attributable to various types of bias.
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MESH Headings
- BRCA2 Protein
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/genetics
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Family Health
- Female
- Genes, BRCA1/genetics
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating
- Mitotic Index
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Transcription Factors/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lakhani
- Department of Histopathology, University College London Medical School, United Kingdom
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McManus R. The "Building Parson": the role of Reverend David Hall in the solution of Ireland's early twentieth-century housing problems. Ir Geogr 1999; 32:87-98. [PMID: 21894647 DOI: 10.1080/00750779909478603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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43
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Gupta AK, Konnikov N, MacDonald P, Rich P, Rodger NW, Edmonds MW, McManus R, Summerbell RC. Prevalence and epidemiology of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic subjects: a multicentre survey. Br J Dermatol 1998; 139:665-71. [PMID: 9892911 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1998.02464.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The number of individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is increasing. The diabetic may present with complications involving all systems of the body. While onychomycosis is often observed in diabetics, there have been no large studies on the prevalence of the condition in this patient group. We examined the prevalence of onychomycosis in diabetics attending diabetes and dermatology clinics in London, Ontario, Canada and Boston, MA, U.S.A. Diabetic subjects seen in dermatology offices were for unrelated dermatoses; those referred specifically for the management of onychomycosis were excluded from the sample. A total of 550 diabetic subjects was evaluated (283 males and 267 females), age 56.1 +/- 0.7 years (mean +/- SEM). Patients with type I diabetes constituted 34% of the sample. The racial origin was: 531 Caucasians, 17 Asians, one African-American and one American-Indian. Abnormal-appearing nails and mycological evidence of onychomycosis (mostly due to dermatophytes) were present in 253 (46%) and 144 (26%), respectively, of 550 subjects. The development of onychomycosis was significantly correlated with age (P < 0.0001) and male gender (P < 0.0001). Males were 2.99 times more likely to have onychomycosis compared with females (95% confidence interval, CI 1.94-4 61). After controlling for age and sex, the risk odds ratio for diabetic subjects to have toenail onychomycosis was 2.77 times compared with normal individuals (95% CI 2.15-3.57). After controlling for age and sex, a stepwise logistic regression demonstrated that significant predictors for onychomycosis included a family history of onychomycosis (P = 0.0001), concurrent intake of immunosuppressive therapy (P = 0.035) and peripheral vascular disease (P = 0.023). Toenail onychomycosis was present in 26% of the sample and is projected to affect approximately one-third of subjects with diabetes. Predisposing factors include increasing age, male gender, family history of onychomycosis, concurrent intake of immunosuppressive agents and peripheral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Science Center and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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44
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Abstract
Computerized decision support systems (CDSS) are available to assist clinicians in the therapeutic management of oral anticoagulation. We report the findings relating to CDSS for oral anticoagulation management of a primary-care-based systematic review which largely focused on near-patient testing. Seven papers were reviewed which covered four different systems. The methodology of these papers was generally poor, although one randomized controlled trial showed improved therapeutic control associated with computerized management compared with human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Fitzmaurice
- Department of General Practice, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston
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45
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Lakhani SR, Jacquemier J, Sloane JP, Gusterson BA, Anderson TJ, van de Vijver MJ, Farid LM, Venter D, Antoniou A, Storfer-Isser A, Smyth E, Steel CM, Haites N, Scott RJ, Goldgar D, Neuhausen S, Daly PA, Ormiston W, McManus R, Scherneck S, Ponder BA, Ford D, Peto J, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Bignon YJ, Struewing JP, Spurr NK, Bishop DT, Klijn JG, Devilee P, Cornelisse CJ, Lasset C, Lenoir G, Barkardottir RB, Egilsson V, Hamann U, Chang-Claude J, Sobol H, Weber B, Stratton MR, Easton DF. Multifactorial analysis of differences between sporadic breast cancers and cancers involving BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:1138-45. [PMID: 9701363 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.15.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 524] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that breast cancers associated with inherited BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations differ from each other in their histopathologic appearances and that each of these types differs from breast cancers in patients unselected for family history (i.e., sporadic cancers). We have now conducted a more detailed examination of cytologic and architectural features of these tumors. METHODS Specimens of tumor tissue (5-microm-thick sections) were examined independently by two pathologists, who were unaware of the case or control subject status, for the presence of cell mitosis, lymphocytic infiltration, continuous pushing margins, and solid sheets of cancer cells; cell nuclei, cell nucleoli, cell necrosis, and cell borders were also evaluated. The resulting data were combined with previously available information on tumor type and tumor grade and further evaluated by multifactorial analysis. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS Cancers associated with BRCA1 mutations exhibited higher mitotic counts (P = .001), a greater proportion of the tumor with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and more lymphocytic infiltration (P = .002) than sporadic (i.e., control) cancers. Cancers associated with BRCA2 mutations exhibited a higher score for tubule formation (fewer tubules) (P = .0002), a higher proportion of the tumor perimeter with a continuous pushing margin (P<.0001), and a lower mitotic count (P = .003) than control cancers. CONCLUSIONS Our study has identified key features of the histologic phenotypes of breast cancers in carriers of mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. This information may improve the classification of breast cancers in individuals with a family history of the disease and may ultimately aid in the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lakhani
- Department of Histopathology, University College of London Medical School, UK
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46
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Madrigal-Estebas L, McManus R, Byrne B, Lynch S, Doherty DG, Kelleher D, O'Donoghue DP, Feighery C, O'Farrelly C. Human small intestinal epithelial cells secrete interleukin-7 and differentially express two different interleukin-7 mRNA Transcripts: implications for extrathymic T-cell differentiation. Hum Immunol 1997; 58:83-90. [PMID: 9475337 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(97)00230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The small intestinal epithelium, composed of epithelial cells (EC) and intraepithelial T lymphocytes, is exposed to numerous ingested antigens. Small intestinal EC may act as accessory and/or antigen presenting cells for intestinal T cells, some of which may mature extrathymically and regulate local immunity and tolerance. Since interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays an essential role in T cell maturation and activation, we examined its expression by human small intestinal EC. IL-7 was detected by ELISA in supernatants from 4 of 4 epithelial layer (EpL) cultures. Using RT-PCR, IL-7 mRNA was detected in 4 EpL studied, and two distinct IL-7 transcripts were identified in 3 of the 4. The ratios of the intensities of the larger to the smaller bands varied amongst individuals. Furthermore, the intensity ratios were higher in whole-thickness intestine and lamina propria preparations than in their corresponding EpL. This is the first report of the expression of two IL-7 transcripts in human intestine and of IL-7 secretion by human small intestinal EpL cells. This supports the hypothesis that small intestinal EC may influence differentiation and/or activation of neighboring T cells. The differential expression of the two transcripts may have important implications for immune regulation in the intestinal epithelium.
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Easton DF, Steele L, Fields P, Ormiston W, Averill D, Daly PA, McManus R, Neuhausen SL, Ford D, Wooster R, Cannon-Albright LA, Stratton MR, Goldgar DE. Cancer risks in two large breast cancer families linked to BRCA2 on chromosome 13q12-13. Am J Hum Genet 1997; 61:120-8. [PMID: 9245992 PMCID: PMC1715847 DOI: 10.1086/513891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The penetrance of the BRCA2 gene on chromosome 13q12-13 has been estimated in two large, systematically ascertained, linked families, by use of a maximum-likelihood method to incorporate both cancer-incidence data and 13q marker typings in the families. The cumulative risk of breast cancer in female gene carriers was estimated to be 59.8% by age 50 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 25.9%-78.5%) and 79.5% by age 70 years (95% CI 28.9%-97.5%). The cumulative risk of breast cancer in male carriers was estimated to be 6.3% (95% CI 1.4%-25.6%) by age 70 years. There was no evidence of any risk difference between the two families. These results indicate that the lifetime breast cancer risk in BRCA2 carriers, for at least a subset of mutations, is comparable to that for BRCA1. A significant excess of ovarian cancer in gene carriers was observed (relative risk 17.69, based on three cases), but the absolute risk of ovarian cancer was less than that reported for BRCA1. Significant excesses of laryngeal cancer (relative risk 7.67, based on two possible carriers) and prostate cancer (relative risk 2.89, based on five possible carriers) were also observed. One case of ocular melanoma, as well as a second eye cancer of unspecified histology, occurred in obligate gene carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Easton
- CRC Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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48
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Amandus HE, Hendricks SA, Zahm D, Friedmann R, Block C, Wellford C, Brensilber D, Bynum T, McManus R, Malcan J, Weiss JC, Kessler D. Convenience store robberies in selected metropolitan areas. Risk factors for employee injury. J Occup Environ Med 1997; 39:442-7. [PMID: 9172089 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199705000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Circumstances of injury were abstracted from police reports for 1835 convenience store robberies that occurred during 1992 or 1993 in selected metropolitan areas of seven eastern states. Subset analyses were performed using the data (758 robberies) from four states with relatively complete risk factor information. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of injury in a robbery situation for various risk factors. The overall risk of employee robbery-related injury could not be estimated because the probability of robbery is unknown. Of the 1835 robberies, 59% of the total robberies occurred at nighttime (9 p.m. to 3 a.m.), 47% occurred in stores previously robbed in the study period, 63% involved the use of a firearm, and 12% were associated with an injury to at least one employee. In the subset analysis of 758 robberies in four states, the employee probability of injury in a robbery was lower with firearm use compared with no weapon or use of a blunt instrument, and the probability of severe injury (defined as death, or an injury necessitating a trip to a hospital) was lower with a firearm compared with the use of a blunt instrument. However, all five fatalities were firearm-related. Other factors that were associated with a lower probability of employee injury included robbery occurrence in stores that had been robbed multiple times, compared with stores robbed only once; having 1 to 999 dollars stolen, compared with having no money stolen; and the presence of a customer(s) in the store at the time of the robbery. The employee risk of injury was not significantly different between one- (0.106) and multiple-employee (0.111) stores. Similarly, the employee risk of severe injury was not significantly different between one- (0.029) and multiple-employee stores (0.022). We conclude that there are several potential risk factors for employee injury in convenience store robberies, some of which are amenable to interventions. Further research on these factors and their relationship to employee injury is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Amandus
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WVa, USA
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Pope JE, Shum DT, Gottschalk R, Stevens A, McManus R. Increased pigmentation in scleroderma. J Rheumatol Suppl 1996; 23:1912-6. [PMID: 8923365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased pigmentation is found in patients with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) even in areas that have never clinically been involved with skin thickening. We wanted to determine if the pigmentation is due to subclinical sclerodermatous changes, or a systemic factor such as an increase in adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). METHODS To determine if clinically uninvolved skin that is pigmented differs from nonpigmented skin, skin biopsies were taken from patients with scleroderma from 2 different sites: (1) from pigmented but otherwise clinically normal skin, and (2) from nonpigmented clinically normal skin adjacent to the first site. Biopsies were examined by a dermatopathologist for evidence of dermal and epidermal changes. Cosyntropin stimulation tests were performed after baseline cortisol and ACTH samples were obtained. RESULTS Six patients with diffuse SSc (dSSc) and 4 with limited SSc (ISSc) had skin biopsies. Patients with dSSc were more likely than those with ISSc to have increased pigmentation in uninvolved skin. Pigmented skin specimens had either a higher content of epidermal melanin and/or a more severe degree of pigmentary incontinence with a higher number of dermal melanophages in the superficial dermis. The cosyntropin stimulation tests were normal and there were no differences between subjects with diffuse and limited SSc or between those with and without increases in pigmentation. CONCLUSION Clinically uninvolved skin in many of these patients with SSc was abnormal, and subtle changes of SSc were present, especially in the pigmented biopsies. There was no evidence of adrenal deficiency in these patients. It is difficult pathologically to differentiate the changes in pigmented compared to unpigmented skin in patients with SSc, except for changes of increased melanin and pigmentary incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Pope
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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McManus R, Wilson AG, Mansfield J, Weir DG, Duff GW, Kelleher D. TNF2, a polymorphism of the tumour necrosis-alpha gene promoter, is a component of the celiac disease major histocompatibility complex haplotype. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:2113-8. [PMID: 8814255 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune disease triggered by the cereal antigen gliadin, resulting in villous atrophy in the small intestine. Susceptibility to the development of CD is strongly influenced by genes in the major histocompatibility complex, in particular alleles of the DQ genes in the class II region. However recent evidence has suggested that the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class III region may be linked to celiac disease independently of the class II region. Among the genes located in this area is TNF-alpha, which encodes the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha which has a broad range of pro-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and catabolic activities. Therefore, aberrant expression of TNF-alpha could be important in the pathogenesis of MHC-associated immune disorders. A TNF-alpha variant with a polymorphism in its promoter region has been described and designated TNF2. TNF2 has been associated with a variety of MHC-linked diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatitis herpetiformis and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), as well as parasitic infections. TNF2 has previously been shown to be associated with the MHC haplotype HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2, which confers susceptibility to CD. We have analyzed the distribution of TNF2 alleles in a group of celiac patients (n = 52) compared to controls (n = 52) in an effort to evaluate its role, if any, in susceptibility to the condition. TNF2 has a frequency of 0.5000 (SE +/- 0.0490) in CD, compared to 0.1635 (+/- 0.0362) in a control sample (p < 10(-6)). Of 52 patients, 44 carried one or more TNF2 alleles. Analysis indicates that the distribution of TNF2 is best explained by assuming 100% allelic association between it and HLA-DQB1*0201 (frequency = 0.7791 +/- 0.0447). However, the number of TNF2 heterozygotes significantly exceeds expectations and measurements of linkage disequilibrium confirm that allelic associations spanning the DQ and TNF regions are strongly maintained in CD. Taken together, these results indicate that TNF2 may have a role in the pathogenesis of CD; however, since it is not an independent association, the possibility that TNF2 constitutes a passive component of the CD haplotype cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- R McManus
- Department of Clinical Medicine, TCD Medical School, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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