1
|
Shi CY, Elcavage LE, Chivukula RR, Stefano J, Kleaveland B, Bartel DP. ZSWIM8 destabilizes many murine microRNAs and is required for proper embryonic growth and development. Genome Res 2023; 33:1482-1496. [PMID: 37532519 PMCID: PMC10620050 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278073.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) pair to sites in mRNAs to direct the degradation of these RNA transcripts. Conversely, certain RNA transcripts can direct the degradation of particular miRNAs. This target-directed miRNA degradation (TDMD) requires the ZSWIM8 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Here, we report the function of ZSWIM8 in the mouse embryo. Zswim8 -/- embryos were smaller than their littermates and died near the time of birth. This highly penetrant perinatal lethality was apparently caused by a lung sacculation defect attributed to failed maturation of alveolar epithelial cells. Some mutant individuals also had heart ventricular septal defects. These developmental abnormalities were accompanied by aberrant accumulation of more than 50 miRNAs observed across 12 tissues, which often led to enhanced repression of their mRNA targets. These ZSWIM8-sensitive miRNAs were preferentially produced from genomic miRNA clusters, and in some cases, ZSWIM8 caused a switch in the dominant strand or isoform that accumulated from a miRNA hairpin-observations suggesting that TDMD provides a mechanism to uncouple coproduced miRNAs from each other. Overall, our findings indicate that the regulatory influence of ZSWIM8, and presumably TDMD, in mammalian biology is widespread and consequential, and posit the existence of many yet-unidentified transcripts that trigger miRNA degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Y Shi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Lara E Elcavage
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Joanna Stefano
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin Kleaveland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - David P Bartel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA;
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
Physician-scientists have the potential to generate fundamental as well as translational breakthroughs. But many trainees who intend to pursue a hybrid career in research and patient care ultimately leave one or the other behind. In this Invited Commentary, the authors draw from their experience as early-career physician-scientists to frame physician-scientist training as having 2 phases: first, learning to think like a physician-scientist; second, learning to act like a physician-scientist. These phases roughly correspond to (1) clinical training (from medical school through residency or fellowship) that incorporates research exposure, and (2) a structured period of graduated research independence once the physician-scientist has become clinically autonomous. There are many effective ways to pursue each phase; what matters most is flexibility in the first phase and sustained support in the second. Accordingly, the authors suggest many potential reforms, including at the levels of the National Institutes of Health, private funders, as well as universities and research hospitals. The authors argue that rethinking physician-scientist training to support individualized paths to an independent hybrid career can help recruit and retain physician-scientists for years to come.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neir Eshel
- N. Eshel is assistant professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5976-2013
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- R.R. Chivukula is instructor, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5264-3196
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boehnke N, Straehla JP, Safford HC, Kocak M, Rees MG, Ronan M, Rosenberg D, Adelmann CH, Chivukula RR, Nabar N, Berger AG, Lamson NG, Cheah JH, Li H, Roth JA, Koehler AN, Hammond PT. Massively parallel pooled screening reveals genomic determinants of nanoparticle delivery. Science 2022; 377:eabm5551. [PMID: 35862544 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To accelerate the translation of cancer nanomedicine, we used an integrated genomic approach to improve our understanding of the cellular processes that govern nanoparticle trafficking. We developed a massively parallel screen that leverages barcoded, pooled cancer cell lines annotated with multiomic data to investigate cell association patterns across a nanoparticle library spanning a range of formulations with clinical potential. We identified both materials properties and cell-intrinsic features that mediate nanoparticle-cell association. Using machine learning algorithms, we constructed genomic nanoparticle trafficking networks and identified nanoparticle-specific biomarkers. We validated one such biomarker: gene expression of SLC46A3, which inversely predicts lipid-based nanoparticle uptake in vitro and in vivo. Our work establishes the power of integrated screens for nanoparticle delivery and enables the identification and utilization of biomarkers to rationally design nanoformulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Boehnke
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joelle P Straehla
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hannah C Safford
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mustafa Kocak
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Melissa Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Danny Rosenberg
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Charles H Adelmann
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Namita Nabar
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adam G Berger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas G Lamson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaime H Cheah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hojun Li
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Angela N Koehler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paula T Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Straehla JP, Boehnke N, Safford H, Kocak M, Rees MG, Ronan M, Rosenberg D, Adelmann CH, Chivukula RR, Cheah JH, Li H, Roth JA, Koehler AN, Hammond PT. Abstract 293: Identification of a predictive biomarker for liposomal nanoparticle delivery through pan-cancer pooled screening. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Nanoparticles are a modular technology with great promise for cancer treatment, but one obstacle for clinical implementation is a lack of predictive biomarkers to identify patient groups most likely to benefit from specific nanoformulations. We developed a massively parallel pooled screen to investigate genomic factors underlying NP-cancer cell engagement, and report here the identification of a predictive biomarker that is both formulation-specific and cancer lineage agnostic.
Methods: We interrogated the interactions of 35 fluorescent nanoparticle formulations (15 liposomal and 25 polymeric) against 488 pooled, barcoded cancer cell lines using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and binned cells based on strength of association. After sequencing, the relative barcode abundance in each bin was used to generate an association score for each nanoparticle-cell line pair. We identified features predictive of NP-cancer cell association by interfacing this score with multi-omic data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia.
Results: Using machine learning model predictions, we identified thousands of candidate biomarkers both across and within formulations. Expression of the lysosomal transporter SLC46A3 was the top ranked random forest feature for all liposome formulations and was prioritized for further study. Univariate analyses confirmed the significance of this candidate biomarker and indicated a negative relationship, such that low expression of SLC46A3 is highly correlated with high nanoparticle association. This inverse relationship held true across all 22 cancer lineages screened and was recapitulated in a non-pooled screen of 13 cancer cell lines with a range of native SLC46A3 expression. To determine whether modulating SLC46A3 expression is sufficient to negatively regulate uptake of liposomes, we developed a toolkit of engineered cell lines by knocking out SLC46A3 in high-expressing T47D cells and inducing overexpression in low-expressing LOXIMVI cells. Consistent with our hypothesis, we show that SLC46A3 expression is inversely correlated with uptake of liposomal, but not polymeric, nanoparticles. To evaluate the potential clinical utility of SLC46A3 as a biomarker, we tested in vivo delivery of an FDA-approved nanoparticle analog, the drug-free version of liposomal irinotecan, to LOXIMVI flank tumors via intratumoral injection and intravenous administration. For both administration methods, we show that low tumor expression of SLC46A3 correlates with significantly improved delivery of liposomal nanoparticles.
Conclusions: We identified SLC46A3 as a negative regulator of liposomal nanoparticle delivery to cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Given that liposomal nanoparticles comprise the majority of FDA approvals for cancer indications, we propose SLC46A3 may be a clinically actionable biomarker for patient stratification.
Citation Format: Joelle P. Straehla, Natalie Boehnke, Hannah Safford, Mustafa Kocak, Matthew G. Rees, Melissa Ronan, Danny Rosenberg, Charles H. Adelmann, Raghu R. Chivukula, Jaime H. Cheah, Hojun Li, Jennifer A. Roth, Angela N. Koehler, Paula T. Hammond. Identification of a predictive biomarker for liposomal nanoparticle delivery through pan-cancer pooled screening [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 293.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joelle P. Straehla
- 1Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | - Natalie Boehnke
- 2Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hannah Safford
- 2Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaime H. Cheah
- 2Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Hojun Li
- 1Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Angela N. Koehler
- 2Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Paula T. Hammond
- 2Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defects in an anion channel, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Recently, a new airway epithelial cell type has been discovered and dubbed the pulmonary ionocyte. Unexpectedly, these ionocytes express higher levels of CFTR than any other airway epithelial cell type. However, ionocytes are not the sole CFTR-expressing airway epithelial cells, and CF-associated disease genes are in fact expressed in multiple airway epithelial cell types. The experimental depletion of ionocytes perturbs epithelial physiology in the mouse trachea, but the role of these rare cells in the pathogenesis of human CF remains mysterious. Ionocytes have been described in diverse tissues(kidney and inner ear) and species (frog and fish). We draw on these prior studies to suggest potential roles of airway ionocytes in health and disease. A complete understanding of ionocytes in the mammalian airway will ultimately depend on cell type-specific genetic manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viral S Shah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA; , , , ,
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chivukula RR, Maley JH, Dudzinski DM, Hibbert K, Hardin CC. Evidence-Based Management of the Critically Ill Adult With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. J Intensive Care Med 2020; 36:18-41. [PMID: 33111601 DOI: 10.1177/0885066620969132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human infection by the novel viral pathogen SARS-CoV-2 results in a clinical syndrome termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although the majority of COVID-19 cases are self-limiting, a substantial minority of patients develop disease severe enough to require intensive care. Features of critical illness associated with COVID-19 include hypoxemic respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). In most (but not all) respects critically ill patients with COVID-19 resemble critically ill patients with ARDS due to other causes and are optimally managed with standard, evidence-based critical care protocols. However, there is naturally an intense interest in developing specific therapies for severe COVID-19. Here we synthesize the rapidly expanding literature around the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of COVID-19 with a focus on those points most relevant for intensivists tasked with caring for these patients. We specifically highlight evidence-based approaches that we believe should guide the identification, triage, respiratory support, and general ICU care of critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. In addition, in light of the pressing need and growing enthusiasm for targeted COVID-19 therapies, we review the biological basis, plausibility, and clinical evidence underlying these novel treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jason H Maley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M Dudzinski
- Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Cardiac Intensive Care Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General, Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Hibbert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Corey Hardin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 2348Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hariri LP, North CM, Shih AR, Israel RA, Maley JH, Villalba JA, Vinarsky V, Rubin J, Okin DA, Sclafani A, Alladina JW, Griffith JW, Gillette MA, Raz Y, Richards CJ, Wong AK, Ly A, Hung YP, Chivukula RR, Petri CR, Calhoun TF, Brenner LN, Hibbert KA, Medoff BD, Hardin CC, Stone JR, Mino-Kenudson M. Lung Histopathology in Coronavirus Disease 2019 as Compared With Severe Acute Respiratory Sydrome and H1N1 Influenza: A Systematic Review. Chest 2020; 159:73-84. [PMID: 33038391 PMCID: PMC7538870 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.09.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have respiratory failure with hypoxemia and acute bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, consistent with ARDS. Respiratory failure in COVID-19 might represent a novel pathologic entity. Research Question How does the lung histopathology described in COVID-19 compare with the lung histopathology described in SARS and H1N1 influenza? Study Design and Methods We conducted a systematic review to characterize the lung histopathologic features of COVID-19 and compare them against findings of other recent viral pandemics, H1N1 influenza and SARS. We systematically searched MEDLINE and PubMed for studies published up to June 24, 2020, using search terms for COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, and SARS with keywords for pathology, biopsy, and autopsy. Using PRISMA-Individual Participant Data guidelines, our systematic review analysis included 26 articles representing 171 COVID-19 patients; 20 articles representing 287 H1N1 patients; and eight articles representing 64 SARS patients. Results In COVID-19, acute-phase diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) was reported in 88% of patients, which was similar to the proportion of cases with DAD in both H1N1 (90%) and SARS (98%). Pulmonary microthrombi were reported in 57% of COVID-19 and 58% of SARS patients, as compared with 24% of H1N1 influenza patients. Interpretation DAD, the histologic correlate of ARDS, is the predominant histopathologic pattern identified in lung pathology from patients with COVID-19, H1N1 influenza, and SARS. Microthrombi were reported more frequently in both patients with COVID-19 and SARS as compared with H1N1 influenza. Future work is needed to validate this histopathologic finding and, if confirmed, elucidate the mechanistic underpinnings and characterize any associations with clinically important outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Crystal M North
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angela R Shih
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca A Israel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason H Maley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jonah Rubin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel A Okin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alyssa Sclafani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jehan W Alladina
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason W Griffith
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael A Gillette
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yuval Raz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christopher J Richards
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra K Wong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amy Ly
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Camille R Petri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tiara F Calhoun
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Laura N Brenner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathryn A Hibbert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - C Corey Hardin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shamseldin HE, Al Mogarri I, Alqwaiee MM, Alharbi AS, Baqais K, AlSaadi M, AlAnzi T, Alhashem A, Saghier A, Ameen W, Ibrahim N, Yang J, Abdulwahab F, Hashem M, Chivukula RR, Alkuraya FS. An exome-first approach to aid in the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia. Hum Genet 2020; 139:1273-1283. [PMID: 32367404 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Unlike disorders of primary cilium, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) has a much narrower clinical spectrum consistent with the limited tissue distribution of motile cilia. Nonetheless, PCD diagnosis can be challenging due to the overlapping features with other disorders and the requirement for sophisticated tests that are only available in specialized centers. We performed exome sequencing on all patients with a clinical suspicion of PCD but for whom no nasal nitric oxide test or ciliary functional assessment could be ordered. Among 81 patients (56 families), in whom PCD was suspected, 68% had pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in established PCD-related genes that fully explain the phenotype (20 variants in 11 genes). The major clinical presentations were sinopulmonary infections (SPI) (n = 58), neonatal respiratory distress (NRD) (n = 2), laterality defect (LD) (n = 6), and combined LD/SPI (n = 15). Biallelic likely deleterious variants were also encountered in AKNA and GOLGA3, which we propose as novel candidates in a lung phenotype that overlaps clinically with PCD. We also encountered a PCD phenocopy caused by a pathogenic variant in ITCH, and a pathogenic variant in CEP164 causing Bardet-Biedl syndrome and PCD presentation as a very rare example of the dual presentation of these two disorders of the primary and motile cilia. Exome sequencing is a powerful tool that can help "democratize" the diagnosis of PCD, which is currently limited to highly specialized centers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al Mogarri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour M Alqwaiee
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel S Alharbi
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Baqais
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muslim AlSaadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal AlAnzi
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alhashem
- Deparment of Pediatrics, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf Saghier
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Ameen
- Department of Pediatrics, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niema Ibrahim
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Maley JH, Petri CR, Brenner LN, Chivukula RR, Calhoun TF, Vinarsky V, Hardin CC. Anticoagulation, immortality, and observations of COVID-19. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:674-676. [PMID: 32685874 PMCID: PMC7283726 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason H. Maley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Camille R. Petri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Laura N. Brenner
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Raghu R. Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Charles Corey Hardin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chivukula RR, Montoro DT, Leung HM, Yang J, Shamseldin HE, Taylor MS, Dougherty GW, Zariwala MA, Carson J, Daniels MLA, Sears PR, Black KE, Hariri LP, Almogarri I, Frenkel EM, Vinarsky V, Omran H, Knowles MR, Tearney GJ, Alkuraya FS, Sabatini DM. Author Correction: A human ciliopathy reveals essential functions for NEK10 in airway mucociliary clearance. Nat Med 2020; 26:300. [PMID: 31996837 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel T Montoro
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hui Min Leung
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard W Dougherty
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johnny Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Leigh Anne Daniels
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick R Sears
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katharine E Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Almogarri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evgeni M Frenkel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chivukula RR, Montoro DT, Leung HM, Yang J, Shamseldin HE, Taylor MS, Dougherty GW, Zariwala MA, Carson J, Daniels MLA, Sears PR, Black KE, Hariri LP, Almogarri I, Frenkel EM, Vinarsky V, Omran H, Knowles MR, Tearney GJ, Alkuraya FS, Sabatini DM. A human ciliopathy reveals essential functions for NEK10 in airway mucociliary clearance. Nat Med 2020; 26:244-251. [PMID: 31959991 PMCID: PMC7018620 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel T Montoro
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hui Min Leung
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin S Taylor
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerard W Dougherty
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maimoona A Zariwala
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Johnny Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Leigh Anne Daniels
- Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick R Sears
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katharine E Black
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lida P Hariri
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Almogarri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evgeni M Frenkel
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Vinarsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael R Knowles
- Cystic Fibrosis/Pulmonary Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - David M Sabatini
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taylor MS, Chivukula RR, Myers LC, Jeck WR, Waghray A, Tata PR, Selig MK, O'Donnell WJ, Farver CF, Thompson BT, Rajagopal J, Kradin RL. A Conserved Distal Lung Regenerative Pathway in Acute Lung Injury. Am J Pathol 2018; 188:1149-1160. [PMID: 29476724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Improved tools have led to a burgeoning understanding of lung regeneration in mice, but it is not yet known how these insights may be relevant to acute lung injury in humans. We report in detail two cases of fulminant idiopathic acute lung injury requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in previously healthy young adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome, one of whom required lung transplantation. Biopsy specimens showed diffuse alveolar injury with a striking paucity of alveolar epithelial regeneration, rare hyaline membranes, and diffuse contiguous airspace lining by macrophages. This novel constellation was termed diffuse alveolar injury with delayed epithelization. In addition, mirroring data from murine models of lung injury/regeneration, peribronchiolar basaloid pods (previously described as squamous metaplasia) and ciliated bronchiolarization were identified in these patients and in 39% of 57 historical cases with diffuse alveolar damage. These findings demonstrate a common and clinically relevant human disease correlate for murine models of severe acute lung injury. Evidence suggests that peribronchiolar basaloid pods and bronchiolarization are related spatially and temporally and likely represent overlapping sequential stages of the response to severe distal airway injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin S Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura C Myers
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William R Jeck
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Avinash Waghray
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Purushothama R Tata
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin K Selig
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Walter J O'Donnell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol F Farver
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - B Taylor Thompson
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jayaraj Rajagopal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard L Kradin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Taylor MS, Chivukula RR, Myers LC, Jeck WR, Tata PR, O'Donnell WJ, Farver CF, Thompson BT, Rajagopal J, Kradin RL. Delayed Alveolar Epithelialization: A Distinct Pathology in Diffuse Acute Lung Injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:522-524. [PMID: 28696778 PMCID: PMC5821904 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201706-1094le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura C Myers
- 1 Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts and
| | - William R Jeck
- 1 Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Knabel MK, Ramachandran K, Karhadkar S, Hwang HW, Creamer TJ, Chivukula RR, Sheikh F, Clark KR, Torbenson M, Montgomery RA, Cameron AM, Mendell JT, Warren DS. Systemic Delivery of scAAV8-Encoded MiR-29a Ameliorates Hepatic Fibrosis in Carbon Tetrachloride-Treated Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124411. [PMID: 25923107 PMCID: PMC4414421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis refers to the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix (ECM) components and represents a key feature of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Unfortunately, no currently available treatments specifically target this important pathogenic mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally repress target gene expression and the development of miRNA-based therapeutics is being actively pursued for a diverse array of diseases. Because a single miRNA can target multiple genes, often within the same pathway, variations in the level of individual miRNAs can potently influence disease phenotypes. Members of the miR-29 family, which include miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c, are strong inhibitors of ECM synthesis and fibrosis-associated decreases in miR-29 have been reported in multiple organs. We observed downregulation of miR-29a/b/c in fibrotic livers of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treated mice as well as in isolated human hepatocytes exposed to the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β. Importantly, we demonstrate that a single systemic injection of a miR-29a expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) can prevent and even reverse histologic and biochemical evidence of fibrosis despite continued exposure to CCl4. The observed therapeutic benefits were associated with AAV transduction of hepatocytes but not hepatic stellate cells, which are the main ECM producing cells in fibroproliferative liver diseases. Our data therefore demonstrate that delivery of miR-29 to the hepatic parenchyma using a clinically relevant gene delivery platform protects injured livers against fibrosis and, given the consistent fibrosis-associated downregulation of miR-29, suggests AAV-miR-29 based therapies may be effective in treating a variety of fibroproliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K. Knabel
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kalyani Ramachandran
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sunil Karhadkar
- Department of Surgery, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Hun-Way Hwang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-oncology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tyler J. Creamer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raghu R. Chivukula
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Farooq Sheikh
- Department of Cardiology, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - K. Reed Clark
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Torbenson
- Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Montgomery
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Andrew M. Cameron
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joshua T. Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Warren
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zeitels LR, Acharya A, Shi G, Chivukula D, Chivukula RR, Anandam JL, Abdelnaby AA, Balch GC, Mansour JC, Yopp AC, Richardson JA, Mendell JT. Tumor suppression by miR-26 overrides potential oncogenic activity in intestinal tumorigenesis. Genes Dev 2014; 28:2585-90. [PMID: 25395662 PMCID: PMC4248289 DOI: 10.1101/gad.250951.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the contexts in which the tumor suppressor versus oncogenic activity of miR-26 predominates in vivo, Zeitels et al. generated miR-26a transgenic mice. Despite measurable repression of Pten, elevated miR-26a levels were not associated with malignancy in transgenic animals. miR-26a expression potently suppressed intestinal adenoma formation in Apcmin/+ mice. This study reveals a tumor suppressor role for miR-26 in intestinal cancer that overrides putative oncogenic activity. Down-regulation of miR-26 family members has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple malignancies. In some settings, including glioma, however, miR-26-mediated repression of PTEN promotes tumorigenesis. To investigate the contexts in which the tumor suppressor versus oncogenic activity of miR-26 predominates in vivo, we generated miR-26a transgenic mice. Despite measureable repression of Pten, elevated miR-26a levels were not associated with malignancy in transgenic animals. We documented reduced miR-26 expression in human colorectal cancer and, accordingly, showed that miR-26a expression potently suppressed intestinal adenoma formation in Apcmin/+ mice, a model known to be sensitive to Pten dosage. These studies reveal a tumor suppressor role for miR-26 in intestinal cancer that overrides putative oncogenic activity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of miR-26 delivery to this tumor type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Zeitels
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Asha Acharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Guanglu Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Divya Chivukula
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Raghu R Chivukula
- Department of Medicine, The Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - James A Richardson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; Department of Pathology
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA; Simmons Cancer Center, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chivukula RR, Shi G, Acharya A, Mills EW, Zeitels LR, Anandam JL, Abdelnaby AA, Balch GC, Mansour JC, Yopp AC, Maitra A, Mendell JT. An essential mesenchymal function for miR-143/145 in intestinal epithelial regeneration. Cell 2014; 157:1104-16. [PMID: 24855947 PMCID: PMC4175516 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of the miR-143/145 microRNA (miRNA) cluster has been repeatedly reported in colon cancer and other epithelial tumors. In addition, overexpression of these miRNAs inhibits tumorigenesis, leading to broad consensus that they function as cell-autonomous epithelial tumor suppressors. We generated mice with deletion of miR-143/145 to investigate the functions of these miRNAs in intestinal physiology and disease in vivo. Although intestinal development proceeded normally in the absence of these miRNAs, epithelial regeneration after injury was dramatically impaired. Surprisingly, we found that miR-143/145 are expressed and function exclusively within the mesenchymal compartment of intestine. Defective epithelial regeneration in miR-143/145-deficient mice resulted from the dysfunction of smooth muscle and myofibroblasts and was associated with derepression of the miR-143 target Igfbp5, which impaired IGF signaling after epithelial injury. These results provide important insights into the regulation of epithelial wound healing and argue against a cell-autonomous tumor suppressor role for miR-143/145 in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Guanglu Shi
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Asha Acharya
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eric W Mills
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lauren R Zeitels
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joselin L Anandam
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Abier A Abdelnaby
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Glen C Balch
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - John C Mansour
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam C Yopp
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Sheikh Ahmed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua T Mendell
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsu SH, Wang B, Kota J, Yu J, Costinean S, Kutay H, Yu L, Bai S, La Perle K, Chivukula RR, Mao H, Wei M, Clark KR, Mendell JR, Caligiuri MA, Jacob ST, Mendell JT, Ghoshal K. Essential metabolic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic functions of miR-122 in liver. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2871-83. [PMID: 22820288 DOI: 10.1172/jci63539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-122, an abundant liver-specific microRNA (miRNA), regulates cholesterol metabolism and promotes hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. Reduced miR-122 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis. Nevertheless, the consequences of sustained loss of function of miR-122 in vivo have not been determined. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of mouse Mir122 resulted in hepatosteatosis, hepatitis, and the development of tumors resembling HCC. These pathologic manifestations were associated with hyperactivity of oncogenic pathways and hepatic infiltration of inflammatory cells that produce pro-tumorigenic cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF. Moreover, delivery of miR-122 to a MYC-driven mouse model of HCC strongly inhibited tumorigenesis, further supporting the tumor suppressor activity of this miRNA. These findings reveal critical functions for miR-122 in the maintenance of liver homeostasis and have important therapeutic implications, including the potential utility of miR-122 delivery for selected patients with HCC and the need for careful monitoring of patients receiving miR-122 inhibition therapy for HCV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Hsu
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kent OA, Chivukula RR, Mullendore M, Wentzel EA, Feldmann G, Lee KH, Liu S, Leach SD, Maitra A, Mendell JT. Repression of the miR-143/145 cluster by oncogenic Ras initiates a tumor-promoting feed-forward pathway. Genes Dev 2010; 24:2754-9. [PMID: 21159816 PMCID: PMC3003192 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1950610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although activating mutations in RAS oncogenes are known to result in aberrant signaling through multiple pathways, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the Ras oncogenic program remains poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate that Ras activation leads to repression of the miR-143/145 cluster in cells of human, murine, and zebrafish origin. Loss of miR-143/145 expression is observed frequently in KRAS mutant pancreatic cancers, and restoration of these miRNAs abrogates tumorigenesis. miR-143/145 down-regulation requires the Ras-responsive element-binding protein (RREB1), which represses the miR-143/145 promoter. Additionally, KRAS and RREB1 are targets of miR-143/miR-145, revealing a feed-forward mechanism that potentiates Ras signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver A. Kent
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Raghu R. Chivukula
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Michael Mullendore
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Erik A. Wentzel
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Georg Feldmann
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Kwang H. Lee
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Steven D. Leach
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Joshua T. Mendell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Persat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - Raghu R. Chivukula
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - Joshua T. Mendell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kota J, Chivukula RR, O'Donnell KA, Wentzel EA, Montgomery CL, Hwang HW, Chang TC, Vivekanandan P, Torbenson M, Clark KR, Mendell JR, Mendell JT. Therapeutic microRNA delivery suppresses tumorigenesis in a murine liver cancer model. Cell 2009; 137:1005-17. [PMID: 19524505 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1327] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic strategies based on modulation of microRNA (miRNA) activity hold great promise due to the ability of these small RNAs to potently influence cellular behavior. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a miRNA replacement therapy for liver cancer. We demonstrate that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exhibit reduced expression of miR-26a, a miRNA that is normally expressed at high levels in diverse tissues. Expression of this miRNA in liver cancer cells in vitro induces cell-cycle arrest associated with direct targeting of cyclins D2 and E2. Systemic administration of this miRNA in a mouse model of HCC using adeno-associated virus (AAV) results in inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of tumor-specific apoptosis, and dramatic protection from disease progression without toxicity. These findings suggest that delivery of miRNAs that are highly expressed and therefore tolerated in normal tissues but lost in disease cells may provide a general strategy for miRNA replacement therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaiah Kota
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Soderlund KA, Chivukula RR, Russell SD, Conte JV, Mudd JO, Halushka MK. Prognostic value of left ventricular apical tissue removed for HeartMate II left ventricular assist device placement. Cardiovasc Pathol 2009; 18:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
|
22
|
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated as regulators of embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and pluripotency. In this issue, Xu et al. (2009) demonstrate that miR-145 facilitates ES cell differentiation by repressing the core pluripotency factors OCT4, SOX2, and KLF4, thereby silencing the self-renewal program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chivukula RR, Mendell JT. Circular reasoning: microRNAs and cell-cycle control. Trends Biochem Sci 2008; 33:474-81. [PMID: 18774719 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2008.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have attracted considerable attention because of their important roles in development, normal physiology, and disease states including cancer. Recent studies have identified specific miRNAs that regulate the cell cycle and have documented that the loss or gain of miRNA-mediated cell-cycle control contributes to malignancy. miRNAs regulate classic cell-cycle control pathways by directly targeting proteins such as E2F transcription factors, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), cyclins and Cdk inhibitors. Moreover, from recent findings, it has been suggested that miRNAs themselves might be subject to cell-cycle dependent regulation. Together, these observations indicate that the reciprocal control of RNA silencing and the metazoan cell cycle impacts cellular behavior and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghu R Chivukula
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|