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Hu Y, Chen H, Li X, Larsen RJ, Sutton BP, Gao W, McElwain NL. Associations between infant amygdala functional connectivity and social engagement following a stressor: A preliminary investigation. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13418. [PMID: 37340633 PMCID: PMC10730773 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Functional architecture of the infant brain, especially functional connectivity (FC) within the amygdala network and between the amygdala and other networks (i.e., default-mode [DMN] and salience [SAL] networks), provides a neural basis for infant socioemotional functioning. Yet, little is known about the extent to which early within- and between-network amygdala FC are related to infant stress recovery across the first year of life. In this study, we examined associations between amygdala FC (i.e., within-network amygdala connectivity, and between-network amygdala connectivity with the DMN and SAL) at 3 months and infant recovery from a mild social stressor at 3, 6 and 9 months. At 3 months, thirty-five infants (13 girls) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging during natural sleep. Infants and their mothers completed the still-face paradigm at 3, 6, and 9 months, and infant stress recovery was assessed at each time point as the proportion of infant social engagement during the reunion episode. Bivariate correlations indicated that greater positive within-network amygdala FC and greater positive amygdala-SAL FC, but not amygdala-DMN FC, at 3 months predicted lower levels of stress recovery at 3 and 6 months, but were nonsignificant at 9 months. These findings provide preliminary evidence that early functional synchronization within the amygdala network, as well as segregation between the amygdala and the SAL, may contribute to infant stress recovery in the context of infant-mother interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Hu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haitao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley P. Sutton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy L. McElwain
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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2
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Louie AY, Rund LA, Komiyama-Kasai KA, Weisenberger KE, Stanke KL, Larsen RJ, Leyshon BJ, Kuchan MJ, Das T, Steelman AJ. A hydrolyzed lipid blend diet promotes myelination in neonatal piglets in a region and concentration-dependent manner. J Neurosci Res 2023; 101:1864-1883. [PMID: 37737490 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The impact of early life nutrition on myelin development is of interest given that cognitive and behavioral function depends on proper myelination. Evidence shows that myelination can be altered by dietary lipid, but most of these studies have been performed in the context of disease or impairment. Here, we assessed the effects of lipid blends containing various levels of a hydrolyzed fat (HF) system on myelination in healthy piglets. Piglets were sow-reared, fed a control diet, or a diet containing 12%, 25%, or 53% HF consisting of cholesterol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, and phospholipid from lecithin. At postnatal day 28/29, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to assess changes to brain development, followed by brain collection for microscopic analyses of myelin in targeted regions using CLARITY tissue clearing, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy techniques. Sow-reared piglets exhibited the highest overall brain white matter volume by MRI. However, a 25% HF diet resulted in the greatest total myelin density in the prefrontal cortex based on 3D modeling analysis of myelinated filaments. Nodal gap length and g-ratio were inversely correlated with percentage of HF in the corpus callosum, as well as in the PFC and internal capsule for g-ratio, indicating that a 53% HF diet resulted in the thickest myelin per axon and a 0% HF control diet the thinnest in specific brain regions. These findings indicate that HF promoted myelination in the neonatal piglet in a region- and concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y Louie
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Laurie A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Karin A Komiyama-Kasai
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelsie E Weisenberger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kayla L Stanke
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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3
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Li X, Chen H, Hu Y, Larsen RJ, Sutton BP, McElwain NL, Gao W. Functional neural network connectivity at 3 months predicts infant-mother dyadic flexibility during play at 6 months. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8321-8332. [PMID: 37020357 PMCID: PMC10321085 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Early functioning of neural networks likely underlies the flexible switching between internal and external orientation and may be key to the infant's ability to effectively engage in social interactions. To test this hypothesis, we examined the association between infants' neural networks at 3 months and infant-mother dyadic flexibility (denoting the structural variability of their interaction dynamics) at 3, 6, and 9 months. Participants included thirty-five infants (37% girls) and their mothers (87% White). At 3 months, infants participated in a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging session, and functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode (DMN) and salience (SN) networks, as well as DMN-SN internetwork FC, were derived using a seed-based approach. When infants were 3, 6, and 9 months, infant-mother dyads completed the Still-Face Paradigm where their individual engagement behaviors were observed and used to quantify dyadic flexibility using state space analysis. Results revealed that greater within-DMN FC, within-SN FC, and DMN-SN anticorrelation at 3 months predicted greater dyadic flexibility at 6 months, but not at 3 and 9 months. Findings suggest that early synchronization and interaction between neural networks underlying introspection and salience detection may support infants' flexible social interactions as they become increasingly active and engaged social partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Li
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Haitao Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 116 N. Robertson Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Geffen Hall, 885 Tiverton Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Yannan Hu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green St, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Nancy L McElwain
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Imaging, Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, 116 N. Robertson Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, CA, United States
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Geffen Hall, 885 Tiverton Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
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4
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Stanke KL, Larsen RJ, Rund L, Leyshon BJ, Louie AY, Steelman AJ. Automated identification of piglet brain tissue from MRI images using Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284951. [PMID: 37167205 PMCID: PMC10174584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool for characterizing volumetric changes of the piglet brain during development. Typically, an early step of an imaging analysis pipeline is brain extraction, or skull stripping. Brain extractions are usually performed manually; however, this approach is time-intensive and can lead to variation between brain extractions when multiple raters are used. Automated brain extractions are important for reducing the time required for analyses and improving the uniformity of the extractions. Here we demonstrate the use of Mask R-CNN, a Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN), for automated brain extractions of piglet brains. We validate our approach using Nested Cross-Validation on six sets of training/validation data drawn from 32 pigs. Visual inspection of the extractions shows acceptable accuracy, Dice coefficients are in the range of 0.95-0.97, and Hausdorff Distance values in the range of 4.1-8.3 voxels. These results demonstrate that R-CNNs provide a viable tool for skull stripping of piglet brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L Stanke
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Brian J Leyshon
- Abbott Nutrition, Discovery Research, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Allison Y Louie
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
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5
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D’Souza EE, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Feldman HA, Gagoski B, Litt J, Larsen RJ, Kuchan MJ, Lasekan JB, Sutton BP, Grant PE, Ou Y, Morton SU. Increased Breastfeeding Proportion Is Associated with Improved Gross Motor Skills at 3-5 Years of Age: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:2215. [PMID: 35684014 PMCID: PMC9182886 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breastmilk provides key nutrients and bio-active factors that contribute to infant neurodevelopment. Optimizing maternal nutrition could provide further benefit to psychomotor outcomes. Our observational cohort pilot study aims to determine if breastfeeding extent and breastmilk nutrients correlate with psychomotor outcomes at school age. The breastfeeding proportion at 3 months of age and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3-5 years of age were recorded for 33 typically developing newborns born after uncomplicated pregnancies. The association between categorical breastfeeding proportion and neurodevelopmental outcome scores was determined for the cohort using a Spearman correlation with and without the inclusion of parental factors. Vitamin E and carotenoid levels were determined in breastmilk samples from 14 of the mothers. After the inclusion of parental education and income as covariates, motor skill scores positively correlated with breastmilk contents of α-tocopherol (Spearman coefficient 0.88, p-value = 0.02), translutein (0.98, p-value = 0.0007), total lutein (0.92, p-value = 0.01), and zeaxanthin (0.93, p-value = 0.0068). Problem solving skills negatively correlated with the levels of the RSR enantiomer of α-tocopherol (-0.86, p-value = 0.03). Overall, higher exposure to breastfeeding was associated with improved gross motor and problem-solving skills at 3-5 years of age. The potential of α-tocopherol, lutein, and zeaxanthin intake to provide neurodevelopmental benefit is worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E. D’Souza
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Henry A. Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Litt
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
| | | | - John B. Lasekan
- Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (M.J.K.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Brad P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (E.E.D.); (R.V.); (H.A.F.); (P.E.G.); (Y.O.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Al-Hassan A, Vyas R, Zhang Y, Sisitsky M, Gagoski B, Litt JS, Larsen RJ, Kuchan MJ, Lasekan JB, Sutton BP, Grant PE, Ou Y, Morton SU. Assessment of Maternal Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) as a Potential Marker for Dietary Carotenoid Intake during Lactation in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010182. [PMID: 35011057 PMCID: PMC8746783 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy and lactation can change the maternal nutrient reserve. Non-invasive, quantitative markers of maternal nutrient intake could enable personalized dietary recommendations that improve health outcomes in mothers and infants. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) is a candidate marker, as MPOD values generally reflect carotenoid intake. We evaluated the association of MPOD with dietary and breastmilk carotenoids in postpartum women. MPOD measurements and dietary intake of five carotenoids were obtained from 80 mothers in the first three months postpartum. Breastmilk samples from a subset of mothers were analyzed to determine their nutrient composition. The association between MPOD and dietary or breastmilk carotenoids was quantitatively assessed to better understand the availability and mobilization of carotenoids. Our results showed that dietary α-carotene was positively correlated with MPOD. Of the breastmilk carotenoids, 13-cis-lutein and trans-lutein were correlated with MPOD when controlled for the total lutein in breastmilk. Other carotenoids in breastmilk were not associated with MPOD. Maternal MPOD is positively correlated with dietary intake of α-carotene in the early postpartum period, as well as with the breastmilk content of lutein. MPOD may serve as a potential marker for the intake of carotenoids, especially α-carotene, in mothers in the early postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateka Al-Hassan
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Litt
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
| | - Matthew J. Kuchan
- Nutrition and Brain Health, Clinical Research, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (M.J.K.); (J.B.L.)
| | - John B. Lasekan
- Nutrition and Brain Health, Clinical Research, Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH 43219, USA; (M.J.K.); (J.B.L.)
| | - Brad P. Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (R.J.L.); (B.P.S.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Patricia Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.O.); (S.U.M.)
| | - Sarah U. Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (A.A.-H.); (R.V.); (P.E.G.)
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (Y.Z.); (M.S.); (B.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.O.); (S.U.M.)
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7
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Larsen RJ, Gagoski B, Morton SU, Ou Y, Vyas R, Litt J, Grant PE, Sutton BP. Quantification of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data using a combined reference: Application in typically developing infants. NMR Biomed 2021; 34:e4520. [PMID: 33913194 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) data is commonly performed by referencing the ratio of the signal from one metabolite, or metabolite group, to that of another, or to the water signal. Both approaches have drawbacks: ratios of two metabolites can be difficult to interpret because study effects may be driven by either metabolite, and water-referenced data must be corrected for partial volume and relaxation effects in the water signal. Here, we introduce combined reference (CRef) analysis, which compensates for both limitations. In this approach, metabolites are referenced to the combined signal of several reference metabolites or metabolite groups. The approach does not require the corrections necessary for water scaling and produces results that are less sensitive to the variation of any single reference signal, thereby aiding the interpretation of results. We demonstrate CRef analysis using 202 1 H-MRS acquisitions from the brains of 140 infants, scanned at approximately 1 and 3 months of age. We show that the combined signal of seven reference metabolites or metabolite groups is highly correlated with the water signal, corrected for partial volume and relaxation effects associated with cerebral spinal fluid. We also show that the combined reference signal is equally or more uniform across subjects than the reference signals from single metabolites or metabolite groups. We use CRef analysis to quantify metabolite concentration changes during the first several months of life in typically developing infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan Litt
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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8
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Moore M, Maclin EL, Iordan AD, Katsumi Y, Larsen RJ, Bagshaw AP, Mayhew S, Shafer AT, Sutton BP, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Dolcos F. Proof-of-concept evidence for trimodal simultaneous investigation of human brain function. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4102-4121. [PMID: 34160860 PMCID: PMC8357002 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between spatial (where) and temporal (when) aspects of the neural correlates of most psychological phenomena is not clear. Elucidation of this relation, which is crucial to fully understand human brain function, requires integration across multiple brain imaging modalities and cognitive tasks that reliably modulate the engagement of the brain systems of interest. By overcoming the methodological challenges posed by simultaneous recordings, the present report provides proof‐of‐concept evidence for a novel approach using three complementary imaging modalities: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), event‐related potentials (ERPs), and event‐related optical signals (EROS). Using the emotional oddball task, a paradigm that taps into both cognitive and affective aspects of processing, we show the feasibility of capturing converging and complementary measures of brain function that are not currently attainable using traditional unimodal or other multimodal approaches. This opens up unprecedented possibilities to clarify spatiotemporal integration of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward L Maclin
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexandru D Iordan
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuta Katsumi
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrew P Bagshaw
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen Mayhew
- Centre for Human Brain Health and School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrea T Shafer
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Alta., Canada; now at Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Brain Imaging and Behavior Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
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9
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Perez LM, Fang HY, Ashrafi SA, Burrows BT, King AC, Larsen RJ, Sutton BP, Wilund KR. Pilot study to reduce interdialytic weight gain by provision of low-sodium, home-delivered meals in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int 2020; 25:265-274. [PMID: 33150681 DOI: 10.1111/hdi.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with kidney failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) therapy are routinely counseled to reduce dietary sodium intake to ameliorate sodium retention, volume overload, and hypertension. However, low-sodium diet trials in HD are sparse and indicate that dietary education and behavioral counseling are ineffective in reducing sodium intake. This study aimed to determine whether 4 weeks of low-sodium, home-delivered meals in HD patients reduces interdialytic weight gain (IDWG). Secondary outcomes included changes in dietary sodium intake, thirst, xerostomia, blood pressure, volume overload, and muscle sodium concentration. METHODS Twenty HD patients (55 ± 12 years, body mass index [BMI] 40.7 ± 16.6 kg/m2 ) were enrolled in this study. Participants followed a usual (control) diet for the first 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of three low-sodium, home-delivered meals per day. We measured IDWG, hydration status (bioimpedance), standardized blood pressure (BP), food intake (3-day dietary recall), and muscle sodium (magnetic resonance imaging) at baseline (0 M), after the 4-week period of usual diet (1 M), and after the meal intervention (2 M). FINDINGS The low-sodium meal intervention significantly reduced IDWG when compared to the control period (-0.82 ± 0.14 kg; 95% confidence interval, -0.55 to -1.08 kg; P < 0.001). There were also 1 month (1 M) to 2 month (2 M) reductions in dietary sodium intake (-1687 ± 297 mg; P < 0.001); thirst score (-4.4 ± 1.3; P = 0.003), xerostomia score (-6.7 ± 1.9; P = 0.002), SBP (-18.0 ± 3.6 mmHg; P < 0.001), DBP (-5.9 ± 2.0 mmHg; P = 0.008), and plasma phosphorus -1.55 ± 0.21 mg/dL; P = 0.005), as well as a 0 M to 2 M reduction in absolute volume overload (-1.08 ± 0.33 L; P = 0.025). However, there were no significant changes in serum or tissue sodium (all P > 0.05). DISCUSSION Low-sodium, home-meal delivery appears to be an effective method for improving volume control and blood pressure in HD patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to examine the long-term effects of home-delivered meals on these outcomes and to assess cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Perez
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Fang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Sadia-Anjum Ashrafi
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Brett T Burrows
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Alexis C King
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth R Wilund
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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10
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Larsen RJ, Raine LB, Hillman CH, Kramer AF, Cohen NJ, Barbey AK. Body mass and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with altered brain metabolism. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:999-1007. [PMID: 32350752 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy provides measures of brain chemistry that are sensitive to cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. The concentration of N-acetyl aspartic acid (NAA) is of interest because it is a marker of neuronal integrity. The ratio of NAA to creatine, a standard reference metabolite, has been shown to correlate with measures of both cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition. However, previous studies have explored these effects in isolation, making it impossible to know which of these highly correlated measures drive the correlations with NAA/Cr. As a result, the mechanisms underlying their association remain to be established. We therefore conducted a comprehensive study to investigate the relative contributions of cardiorespiratory fitness and percent body fat in predicting NAA/Cr. We demonstrate that NAA/Cr in white matter is correlated with percent body fat, and that this relationship largely subsumes the correlation of NAA/Cr with cardiorespiratory fitness. These results underscore the association of body composition with axonal integrity and suggests that this relationship drives the association of NAA/Cr with physical fitness in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neal J Cohen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
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11
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Ellerbrock RE, Canisso IF, Larsen RJ, Garrett KS, Stewart MC, Herzog KK, Kersh ME, Moshage SG, Podico G, Lima FS, Childs BA. Fluoroquinolone exposure in utero did not affect articular cartilage of resulting foals. Equine Vet J 2020; 53:385-396. [PMID: 32479667 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that fluoroquinolones, specifically, enrofloxacin and its active metabolite (ciprofloxacin), cross the equine placenta without causing gross or histological lesions in the first and third trimester fetuses or resulting foal. However, it is possible that in utero exposure to fluoroquinolones may cause subtle lesions not detectable by standard means; thus, a more in-depth assessment of potential toxicity is warranted. OBJECTIVES To use quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), biomechanical testing, and chondrocyte gene expression to evaluate the limbs of foals exposed to enrofloxacin during the third trimester of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN In vivo and control terminal experiment. METHODS Healthy mares at 280 days gestation were assigned into three groups: untreated (n = 5), recommended therapeutic (7.5 mg/kg enrofloxacin, PO, SID, n = 6) or supratherapeutic (15 mg/kg, PO, SID, n = 6) doses for 14 days. Mares carried and delivered to term and nursed their foals for ~30 days. Two additional healthy foals born from untreated mares were treated post-natally with enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg PO, SID, for 5 days). By 30 days, foal stifles, hocks, elbows, and shoulders were radiographed, foals were subjected to euthanasia, and foal limbs were analysed by quantitative MRI, structural MRI, biomechanical testing and chondrocyte gene expression. RESULTS Osteochondral lesions were detected with both radiography and structural MRI in foals from both enrofloxacin-treated and untreated mares. Severe cartilage erosions, synovitis and joint capsular thickening were identified in foals treated with enrofloxacin post-natally. Median cartilage T2 relaxation times differed between joints but did not differ between treatment groups. MAIN LIMITATIONS A small sample size was assessed and there was no long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION While further research is needed to address long-term foal outcomes, no differences were seen in advanced imaging, biomechanical testing or gene expression by 30 days of age, suggesting that enrofloxacin may be a safe and useful antibiotic for select bacterial infections in pregnant mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E Ellerbrock
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Igor F Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Matthew C Stewart
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kalyn K Herzog
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sara G Moshage
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Fabio S Lima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bronwen A Childs
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
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12
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Morton SU, Vyas R, Gagoski B, Vu C, Litt J, Larsen RJ, Kuchan MJ, Lasekan JB, Sutton BP, Grant PE, Ou Y. Maternal Dietary Intake of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Correlates Positively with Regional Brain Volumes in 1-Month-Old Term Infants. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:2057-2069. [PMID: 31711132 PMCID: PMC8355466 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition is an important factor for infant neurodevelopment. However, prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on maternal nutrients and infant brain have focused mostly on preterm infants or on few specific nutrients and few specific brain regions. We present a first study in term-born infants, comprehensively correlating 73 maternal nutrients with infant brain morphometry at the regional (61 regions) and voxel (over 300 000 voxel) levels. Both maternal nutrition intake diaries and infant MRI were collected at 1 month of life (0.9 ± 0.5 months) for 92 term-born infants (among them, 54 infants were purely breastfed and 19 were breastfed most of the time). Intake of nutrients was assessed via standardized food frequency questionnaire. No nutrient was significantly correlated with any of the volumes of the 61 autosegmented brain regions. However, increased volumes within subregions of the frontal cortex and corpus callosum at the voxel level were positively correlated with maternal intake of omega-3 fatty acids, retinol (vitamin A) and vitamin B12, both with and without correction for postmenstrual age and sex (P < 0.05, q < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction). Omega-3 fatty acids remained significantly correlated with infant brain volumes after subsetting to the 54 infants who were exclusively breastfed, but retinol and vitamin B12 did not. This provides an impetus for future larger studies to better characterize the effect size of dietary variation and correlation with neurodevelopmental outcomes, which can lead to improved nutritional guidance during pregnancy and lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Borjan Gagoski
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Vu
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Litt
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | - Brad P Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Caputo MP, Williams JN, Drnevich J, Radlowski EC, Larsen RJ, Sutton BP, Leyshon BJ, Hussain J, Nakamura MT, Kuchan MJ, Das T, Johnson RW. Hydrolyzed Fat Formula Increases Brain White Matter in Small for Gestational Age and Appropriate for Gestational Age Neonatal Piglets. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:32. [PMID: 32117837 PMCID: PMC7029735 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Intrauterine growth restriction is a common cause of small for gestational age (SGA) infants worldwide. SGA infants are deficient in digestive enzymes required for fat digestion and absorption compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants, putting them at risk for impaired neurocognitive development. Objective: The objective was to determine if a hydrolyzed fat (HF) infant formula containing soy free fatty acids, 2-monoacylglycerolpalmitate, cholesterol, and soy lecithin could increase brain tissue incorporation of essential fatty acids or white matter to enhance brain development in SGA and AGA neonatal piglet models. Methods: Sex-matched, littermate pairs of SGA (0.5-0.9 kg) and AGA (1.2-1.8 kg) 2 days old piglets (N = 60) were randomly assigned to control (CON) or HF formula diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design. On day 14, 24 piglets were used for hippocampal RNA-sequencing; the rest began a spatial learning task. On days 26-29, brain structure was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cerebellum and hippocampus were analyzed for fatty acid content. Results: SGA piglets grew more slowly than AGA piglets, with no effect of diet on daily weight gain or weight at MRI. HF diet did not affect brain weight. HF diet increased relative volumes of 7 brain regions and white matter (WM) volume in both SGA and AGA piglets. However, HF did not ameliorate SGA total WM integrity deficits. RNA sequencing revealed SGA piglets had increased gene expression of synapse and cell signaling pathways and decreased expression of ribosome pathways in the hippocampus compared to AGA. HF decreased expression of immune response related genes in the hippocampus of AGA and SGA piglets, but did not correct gene expression patterns in SGA piglets. Piglets learned the T-maze task at the same rate, but SGA HF, SGA CON, and AGA HF piglets had more accurate performance than AGA CON piglets on reversal day 2. HF increased arachidonic acid (ARA) percentage in the cerebellum and total ARA in the hippocampus. Conclusions: HF enhanced brain development in the neonatal piglet measured by brain volume and WM volume in specific brain regions; however, more studies are needed to assess long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan P Caputo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jennifer N Williams
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- High Performance Biological Computing Group and the Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Emily C Radlowski
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Bradley P Sutton
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Brian J Leyshon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jamal Hussain
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Manabu T Nakamura
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Matthew J Kuchan
- Abbott Nutrition, Discovery Research, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tapas Das
- Abbott Nutrition, Discovery Research, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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14
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Tian L, Zimmerman B, Akhtar A, Yu KJ, Moore M, Wu J, Larsen RJ, Lee JW, Li J, Liu Y, Metzger B, Qu S, Guo X, Mathewson KE, Fan JA, Cornman J, Fatina M, Xie Z, Ma Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Dolcos F, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Bretl T, Hargrove LJ, Braun PV, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Publisher Correction: Large-area MRI-compatible epidermal electronic interfaces for prosthetic control and cognitive monitoring. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:415. [PMID: 31073173 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In Fig. 4c of this Article, the scale bar units were incorrectly stated as 'μV'; the correct units are 'mV'. The figure has now been amended accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aadeel Akhtar
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brian Metzger
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Subing Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kyle E Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Cornman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael Fatina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yinji Ma
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Timothy Bretl
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Levi J Hargrove
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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15
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Tian L, Zimmerman B, Akhtar A, Yu KJ, Moore M, Wu J, Larsen RJ, Lee JW, Li J, Liu Y, Metzger B, Qu S, Guo X, Mathewson KE, Fan JA, Cornman J, Fatina M, Xie Z, Ma Y, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Dolcos F, Fabiani M, Gratton G, Bretl T, Hargrove LJ, Braun PV, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Large-area MRI-compatible epidermal electronic interfaces for prosthetic control and cognitive monitoring. Nat Biomed Eng 2019; 3:194-205. [PMID: 30948811 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-019-0347-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced medical devices are critically important for diagnosing disease, monitoring physiological health and establishing control interfaces with prosthetics, computer systems and wearable robotic devices. Skin-like epidermal electronic technologies can support these use cases in soft and ultrathin materials that conformally interface with the skin in a manner that is mechanically and thermally imperceptible. Nevertheless, schemes so far have limited the overall sizes of these devices to less than a few square centimetres. Here, we present materials, device structures, handling and mounting methods, and manufacturing approaches that enable epidermal electronic interfaces that are orders of magnitude larger than previously realized. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate devices for electrophysiological recordings that enable coverage of the full scalp and the full circumference of the forearm. Filamentary conductive architectures in open-network designs minimize radio frequency-induced eddy currents, forming the basis for structural and functional compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging. We demonstrate the use of the large-area interfaces for the multifunctional control of a transhumeral prosthesis by patients who have undergone targeted muscle-reinnervation surgery, in long-term electroencephalography, and in simultaneous electroencephalography and structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Benjamin Zimmerman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aadeel Akhtar
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jian Wu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brian Metzger
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Subing Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xiaogang Guo
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kyle E Mathewson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jesse Cornman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Michael Fatina
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yinji Ma
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Center for Mechanics and Materials and Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Monica Fabiani
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gabriele Gratton
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Timothy Bretl
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Levi J Hargrove
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA. .,Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Simpson Querrey Institute and Feinberg Medical School Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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16
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Nikolaidis A, Baniqued PL, Kranz MB, Scavuzzo CJ, Barbey AK, Kramer AF, Larsen RJ. Multivariate Associations of Fluid Intelligence and NAA. Cereb Cortex 2017; 27:2607-2616. [PMID: 27005991 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the neural and metabolic correlates of fluid intelligence not only aids scientists in characterizing cognitive processes involved in intelligence, but it also offers insight into intervention methods to improve fluid intelligence. Here we use magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to measure N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), a biochemical marker of neural energy production and efficiency. We use principal components analysis (PCA) to examine how the distribution of NAA in the frontal and parietal lobes relates to fluid intelligence. We find that a left lateralized frontal-parietal component predicts fluid intelligence, and it does so independently of brain size, another significant predictor of fluid intelligence. These results suggest that the left motor regions play a key role in the visualization and planning necessary for spatial cognition and reasoning, and we discuss these findings in the context of the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory of intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Nikolaidis
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.,Neuroscience Program and
| | - Pauline L Baniqued
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.,Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Kranz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.,Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Claire J Scavuzzo
- Neuroscience Program and.,Psychology Department, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aron K Barbey
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.,Neuroscience Program and.,Psychology Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology
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17
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Larsen RJ, Newman M, Nikolaidis A. Reduction of variance in measurements of average metabolite concentration in anatomically-defined brain regions. J Magn Reson 2016; 272:73-81. [PMID: 27662403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple methods have been proposed for using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging (MRSI) to measure representative metabolite concentrations of anatomically-defined brain regions. Generally these methods require spectral analysis, quantitation of the signal, and reconciliation with anatomical brain regions. However, to simplify processing pipelines, it is practical to only include those corrections that significantly improve data quality. Of particular importance for cross-sectional studies is knowledge about how much each correction lowers the inter-subject variance of the measurement, thereby increasing statistical power. Here we use a data set of 72 subjects to calculate the reduction in inter-subject variance produced by several corrections that are commonly used to process MRSI data. Our results demonstrate that significant reductions of variance can be achieved by performing water scaling, accounting for tissue type, and integrating MRSI data over anatomical regions rather than simply assigning MRSI voxels with anatomical region labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Larsen
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States.
| | - Michael Newman
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
| | - Aki Nikolaidis
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire J. Scavuzzo
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
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19
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Paul EJ, Larsen RJ, Nikolaidis A, Ward N, Hillman CH, Cohen NJ, Kramer AF, Barbey AK. Dissociable brain biomarkers of fluid intelligence. Neuroimage 2016; 137:201-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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20
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Shamsutdinova NA, Gubaidullin AT, Odintsov BM, Larsen RJ, Schepkin VD, Nizameev IR, Amirov RR, Zairov RR, Sudakova SN, Podyachev SN, Mustafina AR, Stepanov AS. Polyelectrolyte-Stabilized Nanotemplates Based on Gd(III) Complexes with Macrocyclic Tetra-1,3-diketones as a Positive MR Contrast Agents. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya A. Shamsutdinova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str., 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Aidar T. Gubaidullin
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
| | - Boris M. Odintsov
- Biomedical Imaging Center of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL61801 USA
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL61801 USA
| | - Ryan J. Larsen
- Biomedical Imaging Center of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; IL61801 USA
| | - Victor D. Schepkin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Magnetic Resonance; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory; Florida State University; Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA
| | - Irek R. Nizameev
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
| | - Rustem R. Amirov
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str., 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Rustem R. Zairov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Sudakova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
| | - Sergey N. Podyachev
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
| | - Asiya R. Mustafina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str., 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Alexey S. Stepanov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry; Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences; Arbuzov str., 8 420088 Kazan Russia
- Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya str., 18 420008 Kazan Russia
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21
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Abstract
Experimental and theoretical results have established that the range of the attraction plays a critical role in determining whether a particle system exhibits a stable liquid phase. Changes to the range of the repulsions can similarly affect the existence of a stable liquid phase; however, these effects have not been clearly elucidated. We demonstrate that an increase in the range of repulsions can either enhance or decrease the stability of the liquid phase, depending on the form of the interaction potential. For either case, the critical variable that controls the stability of the liquid phase is the ratio of the representative energies of the liquid and solid phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Larsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
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22
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Abstract
The glass transition temperature of a broad class of molecules is shown to depend on molecular size. This dependency results from the size dependence of the pair potential. A generalized equation of state is used to estimate how the volume fraction at the glass transition depends on the size of the molecule, for rigid molecule glass-formers. The model shows that at a given pressure and temperature there is a size-induced glass transition: For molecules larger than a critical size, the volume fraction required to support the effective pressure due to particle attractions is above that which characterizes the glassy state. This observation establishes the boundary between nanoparticles, which exist in liquid form only as dispersions in low molecular weight solvents and large molecules which form liquids that have viscosities below those characterized by the glassy state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Larsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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23
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Larsen RJ, Zukoski CF. Molecular Mixture as an Effective Single-Component System. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:3981-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Larsen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 114 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles F. Zukoski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 114 Roger Adams Laboratory, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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24
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Larsen RJ, Kim JW, Zukoski CF, Weitz DA. Elasticity of dilatant particle suspensions during flow. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2010; 81:011502. [PMID: 20365376 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.011502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dense suspensions under sufficiently high shear stress can exhibit a dramatic transition to a solidlike state. This is known as extreme shear thickening and is sometimes accompanied by dilatancy. This behavior is contradictory; the material is solidlike but only when flowing. To probe the elasticity of the dilatant state, we measure the transient inertio-elastic oscillations that occur in response to step changes in applied stress. As the volume fraction of solids increases the apparent flow elasticity also increases, and the suspension flows more slowly, approaching an elastic solid, which will support stress statically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Larsen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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25
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Abstract
Using a variety of different rheological approaches, we study the nonlinear shear response of purified entangled F-actin solutions. We show that the choice of the experimental protocol is crucial. Furthermore, a transition between stress hardening and weakening can be induced even in purely entangled solutions. This transition depends on various ambient and network parameters including temperature, buffer salt concentration, filament length and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Semmrich
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Ryan J Larsen
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Andreas R Bausch
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße, 85748, Garching, Germany
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26
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Abkarian M, Subramaniam AB, Kim SH, Larsen RJ, Yang SM, Stone HA. Dissolution arrest and stability of particle-covered bubbles. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:188301. [PMID: 17995442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.188301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2006] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Experiments show that bubbles covered with monodisperse polystyrene particles, with particle to bubble radius ratios of about 0.1, evolve to form faceted polyhedral shapes that are stable to dissolution in air-saturated water. We perform Surface Evolver simulations and find that the faceted particle-covered bubble represents a local minimum of energy. At the faceted state, the Laplace overpressure vanishes, which together with the positive slope of the bubble pressure-volume curve, ensures phase stability. The repulsive interactions between the particles cause a reduction of the curvature of the gas-liquid interface, which is the mechanism that arrests dissolution and stabilizes the bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manouk Abkarian
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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27
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Abstract
We describe a promising and flexible technique for fabricating uniform nonspherical particles with anisotropic phase and surface properties. Our approach is based on the seeded polymerization technique in which monomer-swollen particles are polymerized. The polymerization causes a phase separation to occur, giving rise to two-phase nonspherical particles. We show that the elastic contraction of the swollen polymer particles induced by elevated polymerization temperatures plays an important role in the phase separation. Moreover, chemical anisotropy of nonspherical particles can be obtained by using immiscible polymer pairs and by employing surface treatments. Furthermore, we are able to produce amphiphilic dumbbell particles consisting of two different bulbs: hydrophilic poly (ethylene imine)-coated polystyrene and hydrophobic polystyrene. Controlled geometries of these amphiphilic nonspherical particles will allow a wide range of potential applications, such as engineered colloid surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woong Kim
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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28
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Abstract
Spray drying of complex liquids to form solid powders is important in many industrial applications. One of the challenges associated with spray drying is controlling the morphologies of the powders produced; this requires an understanding of how drying mechanics depend on the ingredients and conditions. We demonstrate that the morphology of powders produced by spray drying colloidal polystyrene (PS) suspensions can be significantly altered by changing the molecular weight of dissolved poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Samples containing high-molecular-weight PEO produce powders with more crumpled morphologies than those containing low-molecular-weight PEO. Observations of drying droplets suspended by a thin film of vapor suggest that this occurs because the samples with high-molecular-weight PEO buckle earlier in the drying process when the droplets are larger. Earlier buckling times are likely caused by the decreased stability, demonstrated by bulk rheology experiments, of PS particles in the presence of high-molecular-weight PEO at elevated temperatures. We present a consistent picture in which decreased particle stability hastens droplet buckling and leads to more crumpled powder morphologies; this underscores the importance of interparticle forces in determining the buckling of particle-laden droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sugiyama
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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29
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Abstract
This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS is narrowly focused to assess global life satisfaction and does not tap related constructs such as positive affect or loneliness. The SWLS is shown to have favorable psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and high temporal reliability. Scores on the SWLS correlate moderately to highly with other measures of subjective well-being, and correlate predictably with specific personality characteristics. It is noted that the SWLS is Suited for use with different age groups, and other potential uses of the scale are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Diener
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 61820, USA
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30
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Subramanian RS, Larsen RJ, Stone HA. Stability of a flat gas-liquid interface containing nonidentical spheres to gas transport: toward an explanation of particle stabilization of gas bubbles. Langmuir 2005; 21:4526-31. [PMID: 16032869 DOI: 10.1021/la046927k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that a flat interface between a soluble gas and a liquid that contains an arbitrary number of partially wetting nonidentical spheres is linearly stable to slight perturbations caused by fluctuations in the gas volume. Stability is proved by showing that the rate of change of the volume of the gas with curvature of the interface is positive in the neighborhood of the equilibrium state of zero interface curvature. Physically, the volume fluctuations induce fluctuations in the curvature of the interface that would naturally lead to dissolution of gas into the liquid in the case of positive curvature and entry of gas into the bubble in the case of negative curvature, either of which restores equilibrium. This result may possibly explain the unusual long-term stability of gas bubbles covered by colloidal particles in the recent experiments of Du et al. (Du, Z.; Bilbao-Montoya, M. P.; Binks, B. P.; Dickinson, E.; Ettelaie, R.; Murray, B. S. Langmuir 2003, 19, 3106).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Shankar Subramanian
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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31
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Abstract
Automated electron backscatter diffraction or orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) provides spatially specific measurements of crystallographic orientation. These measurements are typically collected on regular grids. By inspecting the misorientation between neighbouring measurements on the grid, potential twin boundaries can be identified. If the misorientation is within some given tolerance of a specified twin misorientation, the boundary separating the two measurements may be identified as a potential twin boundary. In addition, for a coherent twin, the twinning planes must be coincident with the grain boundary plane. As OIM scans are inherently two-dimensional, the scan data provide only limited information on the boundary plane. Thus, it is not possible to ascertain definitively whether the twinning planes are coincident with the boundary plane. Nonetheless, the alignment of the surface traces of the twinning planes with the trace of the boundary provides a partial indication of coincidence. An automated approach has been developed that allows data concerning both twin criterion to be extracted from OIM scans. Application of the methodology to deformed zirconium suggests that the twinning planes remain coherent during deformation. The methodology was also used to improve grain size distributions measured by OIM. These results more closely match those obtained by conventional metallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Wright
- TexSEM Laboratories/EDAX, Draper, UT 84020, USA.
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32
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Abstract
This study had three major goals: to clarify the relationships between Eysenck's, Gray's, and Cloninger's personality taxonomies, to show that traits from these taxonomies predict differential sensitivities to emotional states, and to explore the relationship between sensitivity to an emotional state and how much that state is actually experienced. A factor analysis of traits from Eysenck's, Gray's, and Cloninger's personality taxonomies resulted in three factors that were named reward sensitivity, impulsivity-thrill seeking, and punishment sensitivity. These factors predicted a global measure of affect, emotional reactions to a laboratory mood induction, and self-reported affect in daily life. Generally, reward sensitivity predicted positive, but not negative emotions, whereas punishment sensitivity predicted negative, but not positive emotions. Impulsivity-thrill seeking predicted few emotions in either context. Coherence among the relationships found across methodological contexts suggests that the traits that predict emotion susceptibilities in the laboratory similarly predict emotional experience in ongoing daily life.
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33
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Abstract
The literature on symptoms of depression has included diurnal changes in mood. The morning-worse pattern is commonly mentioned. This pattern is often associated with endogenous or vegetative symptoms (e.g., weight and appetite loss, loss of pleasure, psychomotor retardation). However, depression researchers have also identified an evening-worse pattern of mood. This pattern is sometimes thought to be associated with milder depressive symptoms, and may characterize chronic dysthymia rather than clinical depression. The present study examines a nonclinical sample to test the hypothesis that an evening-worse diurnal pattern of mood would be associated with trait neuroticism, anxiety, and subclinical depressive symptoms. An experience sampling methodology was employed to assess mood three times a day for 60 consecutive days. This allowed us to calculate a reliable aggregate score for diurnal mood patterns. The evening-worse pattern was associated with many neurotic features, with scores on depression and anxiety measures, and with a cognitive style indicative of hopelessness. Discussion focuses on how an evening-worse diurnal pattern of mood may be indicative of mild subclinical depression, chronic dysthymia, or personality traits associated with negative affectivity.
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34
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Shackelford TK, Larsen RJ. Facial asymmetry as an indicator of psychological, emotional, and physiological distress. J Pers Soc Psychol 1997; 72:456-66. [PMID: 9107011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) is deviation from bilateral symmetry in morphological traits with asymmetry values that are normally distributed with a mean of 0. FA is produced by genetic or environmental perturbations of developmental design and may play a role in human sexual selection. K. Grammer and R. Thornhill (1994) found that facial FA negatively covaries with observer ratings of attractiveness, dominance, sexiness, and health. Using self-reports, observer ratings, daily diary reports, and psychophysiological measures, the authors assessed the relationship between facial FA and health in 2 samples of undergraduates (N = 101). Results partially replicate and extend those of K. Grammer and R. Thornhill (1994) and suggest that facial FA may signal psychological, emotional, and physiological distress. Discussion integrates the authors' findings with previous research on FA and suggests future research needed to clarify the role of FA in human sexual selection.
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35
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Abstract
Research shows that people characterized as repressors display inhibited recall for unpleasant memories. In this study, the relationship between repressive coping style and the recall of affect near the time of the experience was compared to delayed recall. An experience sampling technique was used to collect affect data twice daily for 4 weeks. Repressive coping style was found to be related to low levels of average daily unpleasant affect and lowered delayed recall of unpleasant affect. Unlike repressors, high anxious individuals overestimated unpleasant affect during delayed recall. Repressors did not exhibit isolation of the dominant unpleasant affect from nondominant unpleasant affect in daily reporting. The overall pattern of results suggests that the effect of repressive coping style is to diminish the encoding of all unpleasant affect, whereas trait anxiety appears to promote overestimation in the recall of unpleasant affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Cutler
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA
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36
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Abstract
Although individuals differ widely in the typical intensity of their affective experience, the mechanisms that create or maintain these differences are unclear. Larsen, Diener, and Cropanzano (1987) examined the hypothesis that individual differences in affect intensity (AI) are related to how people interpret emotional stimuli. They found that high AI individuals engaged in more personalizing and generalizing cognitions while construing emotional stimuli than low AI individuals. The present study extends these findings by examining cognitive activity during a different task-the generation of information to communicate about life events. Participants provided free-response descriptions of 16 life events. These descriptions were content coded for five informational style variables. It was found that the descriptive information generated by high AI participants contained significantly more references to emotional arousal, more focus on feelings, and more generalization compared to participants low in AI. These results are consistent with the notion that specific cognitive activity may lead to, or at least be associated with, dispositional affect intensity. In addition, the informational style variables identified in this study were stable over time and consistent across situations. Although men and women differ in AI, this difference becomes insignificant after controlling for informational style variation. Overall results are discussed in terms of a model of various psychological mechanisms that may potentially create or maintain individual differences in affect intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1109, USA
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37
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Collé R, Unterweger MP, Hutchinson JMR, Whittlestone S, Polian G, Ardouin B, Kay JG, Friend JP, Blomquist BW, Nadler W, Dang TT, Larsen RJ, Hutter AR. An International Marine-Atmospheric 222Rn Measurement Intercomparison in Bermuda Part II: Results for the Participating Laboratories. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 1996; 101:21-46. [PMID: 27805091 PMCID: PMC4907605 DOI: 10.6028/jres.101.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/1995] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As part of an international measurement intercomparison of instruments used to measure atmospheric 222Rn, four participating laboratories made nearly simultaneous measurements of 222Rn activity concentration in commonly sampled, ambient air over approximately a 2 week period, and three of these four laboratories participated in the measurement comparison of 14 introduced samples with known, but undisclosed ("blind") 222Rn activity concentration. The exercise was conducted in Bermuda in October 1991. The 222Rn activity concentrations in ambient Bermudian air over the course of the intercomparison ranged from a few hundredths of a Bq · m-3 to about 2 Bq · m-3, while the standardized sample additions covered a range from approximately 2.5 Bq · m-3 to 35 Bq · m-3. The overall uncertainty in the latter concentrations was in the general range of 10 %, approximating a 3 standard deviation uncertainty interval. The results of the intercomparison indicated that two of the laboratories were within very good agreement with the standard additions, and almost within expected statistical variations. These same two laboratories, however, at lower ambient concentrations, exhibited a systematic difference with an averaged offset of roughly 0.3 Bq · m-3. The third laboratory participating in the measurement of standardized sample additions was systematically low by about 65 % to 70 %, with respect to the standard addition which was also confirmed in their ambient air concentration measurements. The fourth laboratory, participating in only the ambient measurement part of the intercomparison, was also systematically low by at least 40 % with respect to the first two laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Collé
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA
| | - M P Unterweger
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA
| | - J M R Hutchinson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-0001, USA
| | - S Whittlestone
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, PB1, Menai, NSW 2234 Australia
| | - Georges Polian
- Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Laboratoire Mixte, C.N.R.S-C.E.A., 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bénédicte Ardouin
- Centre des Faibles Radioactivités, Laboratoire Mixte, C.N.R.S-C.E.A., 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jack G Kay
- Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32nd & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James P Friend
- Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32nd & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Byron W Blomquist
- Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32nd & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wolfgang Nadler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32nd & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas T Dang
- Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, 32nd & Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - R J Larsen
- Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, New York, NY 10014, USA
| | - A R Hutter
- Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, New York, NY 10014, USA
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38
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Abstract
In this study, we explored differences in personality and daily life experiences of traumatized (n = 26) versus nontraumatized (n = 30) college students. Study participants completed a variety of personality measures as well as a 28-day experience sampling study assessing daily activities, emotions, and physical health. Although not differing on general demographics, traumatized individuals reported more trait anxiety and lower self-esteem than nontraumatized individuals. They scored higher on Neuroticism, were more introverted, and were less emotionally stable than nontraumatized participants. Traumatized individuals also reported more cognitive disturbances, emotional blunting, and interpersonal withdrawal. They did not report being more depressed, but did endorse cognitive styles associated with heightened risk for depression. Earlier age of trauma was associated with more pathological outcomes: lower self-esteem and psychological well-being, more anxiety, more pessimism, and emotional constriction of positive mood. We compare this symptom profile to that of posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Bunce
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0722, USA
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39
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Abstract
The association between Neuroticism (N) and elevated symptom reporting has been attributed to differences in the encoding but not in the recall of illness episodes. If high-N persons are selective only at the encoding of illness information, then retrospective reports should be no more exaggerated than concurrent reports. This study uses a concurrent-retrospective design to examine selectivity in concurrent and retrospective reports of symptoms. Concurrent daily reports gathered over 2 months were only moderately correlated with retrospective symptom reports covering the same time period. The direct path from N to recalled symptoms was larger than the indirect path from N through concurrent to recalled symptoms for 3 out of 4 symptoms. Discussion concerns implications of using recollection-based measures, suggestions for reducing selective memory effects, and explanations regarding how and why N relates to selective information processing about the self.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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40
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Abstract
The association between Neuroticism (N) and elevated symptom reporting has been attributed to differences in the encoding but not in the recall of illness episodes. If high-N persons are selective only at the encoding of illness information, then retrospective reports should be no more exaggerated than concurrent reports. This study uses a concurrent-retrospective design to examine selectivity in concurrent and retrospective reports of symptoms. Concurrent daily reports gathered over 2 months were only moderately correlated with retrospective symptom reports covering the same time period. The direct path from N to recalled symptoms was larger than the indirect path from N through concurrent to recalled symptoms for 3 out of 4 symptoms. Discussion concerns implications of using recollection-based measures, suggestions for reducing selective memory effects, and explanations regarding how and why N relates to selective information processing about the self.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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Larsen RJ, Kasimatis M. Day-to-day physical symptoms: individual differences in the occurrence, duration, and emotional concomitants of minor daily illnesses. J Pers 1991; 59:387-423. [PMID: 1960638 DOI: 10.111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Even minor illnesses represent significant events in the ongoing lives of most people. As such, daily event methodologies could be applied to the study of ongoing health and illness. When daily health is considered as a temporal process, it is possible to expand our formulation of the relation between personality and day-to-day health. We used a daily event approach to model three temporal parameters of day-to-day health: the occurrence rate of symptoms, the duration of symptoms, and the covariation of symptoms and moods over time. We then examine whether these three models of day-to-day health are related to personality variables commonly used in health psychology research. The occurrence of illness related most strongly to neuroticism, the duration of illness related most strongly to the trait of aggressive responding, and Type A behavior related to less unpleasant affect reported during episodes of respiratory infection, aches, and depressive symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of how alternative models of health/illness are made possible by the daily event perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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42
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Abstract
Even minor illnesses represent significant events in the ongoing lives of most people. As such, daily event methodologies could be applied to the study of ongoing health and illness. When daily health is considered as a temporal process, it is possible to expand our formulation of the relation between personality and day-to-day health. We used a daily event approach to model three temporal parameters of day-to-day health: the occurrence rate of symptoms, the duration of symptoms, and the covariation of symptoms and moods over time. We then examine whether these three models of day-to-day health are related to personality variables commonly used in health psychology research. The occurrence of illness related most strongly to neuroticism, the duration of illness related most strongly to the trait of aggressive responding, and Type A behavior related to less unpleasant affect reported during episodes of respiratory infection, aches, and depressive symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of how alternative models of health/illness are made possible by the daily event perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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43
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Abstract
Gray's (1981) theory suggests that extraverts and neurotics are differentially sensitive to stimuli that generate positive and negative affect, respectively. From this theory it was hypothesized that efficacy of a standard positive-affect induction would be more strongly related to extraversion than to neuroticism scores, whereas efficacy of a standard negative-affect induction would be more strongly related to neuroticism scores. Positive and negative affect was manipulated in a controlled setting, and the effectiveness of the mood induction was assessed using standard mood adjective rating scales. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that neurotic Ss (compared with stable Ss) show heightened emotional reactivity to the negative-mood induction, whereas extraverts (compared with intraverts) show heightened emotional reactivity to the positive-mood induction. Results corroborate and extend previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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44
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Abstract
Gray's (1981) theory suggests that extraverts and neurotics are differentially sensitive to stimuli that generate positive and negative affect, respectively. From this theory it was hypothesized that efficacy of a standard positive-affect induction would be more strongly related to extraversion than to neuroticism scores, whereas efficacy of a standard negative-affect induction would be more strongly related to neuroticism scores. Positive and negative affect was manipulated in a controlled setting, and the effectiveness of the mood induction was assessed using standard mood adjective rating scales. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that neurotic Ss (compared with stable Ss) show heightened emotional reactivity to the negative-mood induction, whereas extraverts (compared with intraverts) show heightened emotional reactivity to the positive-mood induction. Results corroborate and extend previous findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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45
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Abstract
This study addressed two questions: Do daily fluctuations in mood exhibit a 7-day (circaseptum) cycle, and are there reliable individual differences in how entrained people's moods are to such a weekly cycle? Spectral analysis of daily mood over 84 occasions revealed a strong weekly rhythm in the temporal organization of mood in a sample of 74 undergraduates. A sine wave with a period of 7 days accounted for 40% of the variance in the daily mood data. Individual differences were also found in how entrained subjects' moods were to this weekly rhythm. We predicted that extraverts (compared with introverts) should be less entrained to a weekly cycle. Results suggest that the novelty- and sensation-seeking behavior of extraverts most likely serves to lessen the cyclical predictability of their day-to-day moods. The origin and psychological meaning of the 7-day week are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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46
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Abstract
This study addressed two questions: Do daily fluctuations in mood exhibit a 7-day (circaseptum) cycle, and are there reliable individual differences in how entrained people's moods are to such a weekly cycle? Spectral analysis of daily mood over 84 occasions revealed a strong weekly rhythm in the temporal organization of mood in a sample of 74 undergraduates. A sine wave with a period of 7 days accounted for 40% of the variance in the daily mood data. Individual differences were also found in how entrained subjects' moods were to this weekly rhythm. We predicted that extraverts (compared with introverts) should be less entrained to a weekly cycle. Results suggest that the novelty- and sensation-seeking behavior of extraverts most likely serves to lessen the cyclical predictability of their day-to-day moods. The origin and psychological meaning of the 7-day week are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1346
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Sargeant JB, Larsen RJ, Oleshko JP, Ruddick L. Obesity and cancer. Vet Rec 1988; 122:447-8. [PMID: 3394243 DOI: 10.1136/vr.122.18.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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48
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Abstract
There are wide individual differences in the characteristic intensity of affective response to the same emotion-evoking event. The processes whereby individuals come to experience strong or mild emotional responses when exposed to the same affect-provoking stimuli are still unclear. In these studies, we propose that individual differences in affect intensity are associated with certain cognitive operations used during exposure to emotion-relevant stimuli. Specifically, cognitive operations that involve personalizing, generalizing, and selective abstraction were hypothesized to discriminate subjects high and low in affect intensity. Two studies replicated support for the hypothesis that subjects high on the affect-intensity dimension engage in more personalizing/empathic and more generalizing/elaborative cognitive operations than do subjects low on the affect-intensity dimension. The same cognitive operations discriminated groups high and low in affect intensity in response to both positive and negative emotional stimuli. Also, the cognitions that discriminated subjects high and low in affect intensity occurred only in response to affective stimuli; neutral stimuli did not evoke divergent cognitive operations for these two groups. Finally, a high degree of consistency was found in the use of emotion-relevant cognitive operations across positive and negative affective stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Larsen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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49
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Abstract
In this study we assessed whether the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the PRF ANDRO are appropriate for investigations of gender schema theory (Bem, 1981a). Because these instruments were developed for entirely different theoretical purposes, it is important to empirically examine the validity of these measures for investigating the construct of gender schema. On the basis of the propositions of gender schema theory, we made several predictions about the psychometric properties that should be exhibited by a valid measure of this construct. Responses to the PRF ANDRO and the BSRI were factor analyzed separately for sex-typed and non-sex-typed groups. Results show consistent and theoretically predictable differences in the factor solutions of these two groups. The sex-typed or gender-schematic group obtained bipolar factors, with masculine items loading with one sign, whereas feminine items loaded with the other sign on each factor. Also, sex of subject loaded highly on almost every factor for this group. The non-sex-typed group, however, obtained few such distinctly dichotomous factors, and sex of subject loaded only on the weaker factors. Results are interpreted as providing support for the construct validity of at least the BSRI and the PRF ANDRO for use in researching the implications of this approach.
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50
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Abstract
In this study we assessed whether the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the PRF ANDRO are appropriate for investigations of gender schema theory (Bem, 1981a). Because these instruments were developed for entirely different theoretical purposes, it is important to empirically examine the validity of these measures for investigating the construct of gender schema. On the basis of the propositions of gender schema theory, we made several predictions about the psychometric properties that should be exhibited by a valid measure of this construct. Responses to the PRF ANDRO and the BSRI were factor analyzed separately for sex-typed and non-sex-typed groups. Results show consistent and theoretically predictable differences in the factor solutions of these two groups. The sex-typed or gender-schematic group obtained bipolar factors, with masculine items loading with one sign, whereas feminine items loaded with the other sign on each factor. Also, sex of subject loaded highly on almost every factor for this group. The non-sex-typed group, however, obtained few such distinctly dichotomous factors, and sex of subject loaded only on the weaker factors. Results are interpreted as providing support for the construct validity of at least the BSRI and the PRF ANDRO for use in researching the implications of this approach.
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