1
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Ye C, Lampronti GI, McHugh LN, Castillo-Blas C, Kono A, Chen C, Robertson GP, Nagle-Cocco LAV, Xu W, Stranks SD, Martinez V, Brekalo I, Karadeniz B, Užarević K, Xue W, Kolodzeiski P, Das C, Chater P, Keen DA, Dutton SE, Bennett TD. Mechanochemically-induced glass formation from two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7198-7205. [PMID: 38756817 PMCID: PMC11095504 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00905c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) occupy a prominent position in the field of materials chemistry due to their attractive optoelectronic properties. While extensive work has been done on the crystalline materials over the past decades, the newly reported glasses formed from HOIPs open up a new avenue for perovskite research with their unique structures and functionalities. Melt-quenching is the predominant route to glass formation; however, the absence of a stable liquid state prior to thermal decomposition precludes this method for most HOIPs. In this work, we describe the first mechanochemically-induced crystal-glass transformation of HOIPs as a rapid, green and efficient approach for producing glasses. The amorphous phase was formed from the crystalline phase within 10 minutes of ball-milling, and exhibited glass transition behaviour as evidenced by thermal analysis techniques. Time-resolved in situ ball-milling with synchrotron powder diffraction was employed to study the microstructural evolution of amorphisation, which showed that the crystallite size reaches a comminution limit before the amorphisation process is complete, indicating that energy may be further accumulated as crystal defects. Total scattering experiments revealed the limited short-range order of amorphous HOIPs, and their optical properties were studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chumei Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0FS UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE UK
| | - Giulio I Lampronti
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0FS UK
| | - Lauren N McHugh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Celia Castillo-Blas
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0FS UK
| | - Ayano Kono
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0FS UK
| | - Celia Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0FS UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE UK
| | - Georgina P Robertson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0FS UK
| | - Liam A V Nagle-Cocco
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE UK
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0AS UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0AS UK
| | | | - Ivana Brekalo
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Zagreb Croatia
| | - Bahar Karadeniz
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Wenlong Xue
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Pascal Kolodzeiski
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Chinmoy Das
- Anorganische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Department of Chemistry, SRM University-AP Andhra Pradesh-522240 India
| | - Philip Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd. Diamond House, Harwell Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0QX UK
| | - Siân E Dutton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0HE UK
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge Cambridgeshire CB3 0FS UK
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2
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Huang YT, Nodari D, Furlan F, Zhang Y, Rusu M, Dai L, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Darvill D, Guo X, Rimmele M, Unold T, Heeney M, Stranks SD, Sirringhaus H, Rao A, Gasparini N, Hoye RLZ. Fast Near-Infrared Photodetectors Based on Nontoxic and Solution-Processable AgBiS 2. Small 2024; 20:e2310199. [PMID: 38063859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors are urgently needed for a wide range of next-generation electronics, including sensors, optical communications and bioimaging. However, it is rare to find photodetectors with >300 kHz cut-off frequencies, especially in the NIR region, and many of the emerging inorganic materials explored are comprised of toxic elements, such as lead. Herein, solution-processed AgBiS2 photodetectors with high cut-off frequencies under both white light (>1 MHz) and NIR (approaching 500 kHz) illumination are developed. These high cut-off frequencies are due to the short transit distances of charge-carriers in the ultrathin photoactive layer of AgBiS2 photodetectors, which arise from the strong light absorption of this material, such that film thicknesses well below 120 nm are sufficient to absorb >65% of NIR to visible light. It is also revealed that ion migration plays a critical role in the photo-response speed of these devices, and its detrimental effects can be mitigated by finely tuning the thickness of the photoactive layer, which is important for achieving low dark current densities as well. These outstanding characteristics enable the realization of air-stable, real-time heartbeat sensors based on NIR AgBiS2 photodetectors, which strongly motivates their future integration in high-throughput systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Teng Huang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Davide Nodari
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Francesco Furlan
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Marin Rusu
- Struktur und Dynamik von Energiematerialien, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | | | - Daniel Darvill
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Martina Rimmele
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Unold
- Struktur und Dynamik von Energiematerialien, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- KAUST Solar Center, Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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3
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Pan L, Dai L, Burton OJ, Chen L, Andrei V, Zhang Y, Ren D, Cheng J, Wu L, Frohna K, Abfalterer A, Yang TCJ, Niu W, Xia M, Hofmann S, Dyson PJ, Reisner E, Sirringhaus H, Luo J, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M, Stranks SD. High carrier mobility along the [111] orientation in Cu 2O photoelectrodes. Nature 2024; 628:765-770. [PMID: 38658685 PMCID: PMC11043049 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Solar fuels offer a promising approach to provide sustainable fuels by harnessing sunlight1,2. Following a decade of advancement, Cu2O photocathodes are capable of delivering a performance comparable to that of photoelectrodes with established photovoltaic materials3-5. However, considerable bulk charge carrier recombination that is poorly understood still limits further advances in performance6. Here we demonstrate performance of Cu2O photocathodes beyond the state-of-the-art by exploiting a new conceptual understanding of carrier recombination and transport in single-crystal Cu2O thin films. Using ambient liquid-phase epitaxy, we present a new method to grow single-crystal Cu2O samples with three crystal orientations. Broadband femtosecond transient reflection spectroscopy measurements were used to quantify anisotropic optoelectronic properties, through which the carrier mobility along the [111] direction was found to be an order of magnitude higher than those along other orientations. Driven by these findings, we developed a polycrystalline Cu2O photocathode with an extraordinarily pure (111) orientation and (111) terminating facets using a simple and low-cost method, which delivers 7 mA cm-2 current density (more than 70% improvement compared to that of state-of-the-art electrodeposited devices) at 0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode under air mass 1.5 G illumination, and stable operation over at least 120 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Pan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Linjie Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver J Burton
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lu Chen
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Virgil Andrei
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Ren
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jinshui Cheng
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Cells, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Linxiao Wu
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Cells, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Terry Chien-Jen Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wenzhe Niu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Meng Xia
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul J Dyson
- Laboratory of Organometallic and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jingshan Luo
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials and Cells, Ministry of Education Engineering Research Centre of Thin Film Photoelectronic Technology, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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4
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Bogachuk D, van der Windt P, Wagner L, Martineau D, Narbey S, Verma A, Lim J, Zouhair S, Kohlstädt M, Hinsch A, Stranks SD, Würfel U, Glunz SW. Remanufacturing Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules-A Holistic Case Study. ACS Sustain Resour Manag 2024; 1:417-426. [PMID: 38566747 PMCID: PMC10983827 DOI: 10.1021/acssusresmgt.3c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While perovskite photovoltaic (PV) devices are on the verge of commercialization, promising methods to recycle or remanufacture fully encapsulated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules are still missing. Through a detailed life-cycle assessment shown in this work, we identify that the majority of the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced by re-using the glass substrate and parts of the PV cells. Based on these analytical findings, we develop a novel thermally assisted mechanochemical approach to remove the encapsulants, the electrode, and the perovskite absorber, allowing reuse of most of the device constituents for remanufacturing PSCs, which recovered nearly 90% of their initial performance. Notably, this is the first experimental demonstration of remanufacturing PSCs with an encapsulant and an edge-seal, which are necessary for commercial perovskite solar modules. This approach distinguishes itself from the "traditional" recycling methods previously demonstrated in perovskite literature by allowing direct reuse of bulk materials with high environmental impact. Thus, such a remanufacturing strategy becomes even more favorable than recycling, and it allows us to save up to 33% of the module's global warming potential. Remarkably, this process most likely can be universally applied to other PSC architectures, particularly n-i-p-based architectures that rely on inorganic metal oxide layers deposited on glass substrates. Finally, we demonstrate that the CO2-footprint of these remanufactured devices can become less than 30 g/kWh, which is the value for state-of-the-art c-Si PV modules, and can even reach 15 g/kWh assuming a similar lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Bogachuk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter van der Windt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Energy21 BV, Orteliuslaan 893, 3528 BR Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Solar Energy Conversion Group, Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - David Martineau
- Solaronix SA, Rue de l'Ouriette 129, 1170 Aubonne, Switzerland
| | | | - Anand Verma
- Solaronix SA, Rue de l'Ouriette 129, 1170 Aubonne, Switzerland
| | - Jaekeun Lim
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Salma Zouhair
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- ERCMN FSTT Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Av. Khenifra, 93000 Tétouan Morocco
| | - Markus Kohlstädt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Uli Würfel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan W Glunz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstr. 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Department for Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), University of Freiburg, Emmy-Noether-Straße 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Zhang J, Hu XG, Ji K, Zhao S, Liu D, Li B, Hou PX, Liu C, Liu L, Stranks SD, Cheng HM, Silva SRP, Zhang W. High-performance bifacial perovskite solar cells enabled by single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2245. [PMID: 38472279 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifacial perovskite solar cells have shown great promise for increasing power output by capturing light from both sides. However, the suboptimal optical transmittance of back metal electrodes together with the complex fabrication process associated with front transparent conducting oxides have hindered the development of efficient bifacial PSCs. Here, we present a novel approach for bifacial perovskite devices using single-walled carbon nanotubes as both front and back electrodes. single-walled carbon nanotubes offer high transparency, conductivity, and stability, enabling bifacial PSCs with a bifaciality factor of over 98% and a power generation density of over 36%. We also fabricate flexible, all-carbon-electrode-based devices with a high power-per-weight value of 73.75 W g-1 and excellent mechanical durability. Furthermore, we show that our bifacial devices have a much lower material cost than conventional monofacial PSCs. Our work demonstrates the potential of SWCNT electrodes for efficient, stable, and low-cost bifacial perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Xian-Gang Hu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Research Center for Flexible Electronics, Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, PR China
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Songru Zhao
- Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Thomas Telford (AA) building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Dongtao Liu
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Bowei Li
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Lirong Liu
- Centre for Environment and Sustainability, Thomas Telford (AA) building, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, 291 Louming Road, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Energy Materials for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - S Ravi P Silva
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-carbon & Environmental Materials (CDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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6
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Roose B, Dey K, Fitzsimmons MR, Chiang YH, Cameron PJ, Stranks SD. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2024; 9:442-453. [PMID: 38356934 PMCID: PMC10863385 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c02018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This work explores electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study recombination and ionic processes in all-perovskite tandem solar cells. We exploit selective excitation of each subcell to enhance or suppress the impedance signal from each subcell, allowing study of individual tandem subcells. We use this selective excitation methodology to show that the recombination resistance and ionic time constants of the wide gap subcell are increased with passivation. Furthermore, we investigate subcell-dependent degradation during maximum power point tracking and find an increase in recombination resistance and a decrease in capacitance for both subcells. Complementary optical and external quantum efficiency measurements indicate that the main driver for performance loss is the reduced capacity of the recombination layer to facilitate recombination due to the formation of a charge extraction barrier. This methodology highlights electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a powerful tool to provide critical feedback to unlock the full potential of perovskite tandem solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Roose
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Krishanu Dey
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Melissa R Fitzsimmons
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Petra J Cameron
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, U.K.
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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7
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Dey K, Ghosh D, Pilot M, Pering SR, Roose B, Deswal P, Senanayak SP, Cameron PJ, Islam MS, Stranks SD. Substitution of lead with tin suppresses ionic transport in halide perovskite optoelectronics. Energy Environ Sci 2024; 17:760-769. [PMID: 38269299 PMCID: PMC10805128 DOI: 10.1039/d3ee03772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Despite the rapid rise in the performance of a variety of perovskite optoelectronic devices with vertical charge transport, the effects of ion migration remain a common and longstanding Achilles' heel limiting the long-term operational stability of lead halide perovskite devices. However, there is still limited understanding of the impact of tin (Sn) substitution on the ion dynamics of lead (Pb) halide perovskites. Here, we employ scan-rate-dependent current-voltage measurements on Pb and mixed Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells to show that short circuit current losses at lower scan rates, which can be traced to the presence of mobile ions, are present in both kinds of perovskites. To understand the kinetics of ion migration, we carry out scan-rate-dependent hysteresis analyses and temperature-dependent impedance spectroscopy measurements, which demonstrate suppressed ion migration in Pb-Sn devices compared to their Pb-only analogues. By linking these experimental observations to first-principles calculations on mixed Pb-Sn perovskites, we reveal the key role played by Sn vacancies in increasing the iodide ion migration barrier due to local structural distortions. These results highlight the beneficial effect of Sn substitution in mitigating undesirable ion migration in halide perovskites, with potential implications for future device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Dey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas India
| | | | - Samuel R Pering
- Department of Materials, Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Priyanka Deswal
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas India
| | - Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab,School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni India
| | | | | | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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8
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Suo J, Yang B, Mosconi E, Bogachuk D, Doherty TAS, Frohna K, Kubicki DJ, Fu F, Kim Y, Er-Raji O, Zhang T, Baldinelli L, Wagner L, Tiwari AN, Gao F, Hinsch A, Stranks SD, De Angelis F, Hagfeldt A. Multifunctional sulfonium-based treatment for perovskite solar cells with less than 1% efficiency loss over 4,500-h operational stability tests. Nat Energy 2024; 9:172-183. [PMID: 38419691 PMCID: PMC10896729 DOI: 10.1038/s41560-023-01421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The stabilization of grain boundaries and surfaces of the perovskite layer is critical to extend the durability of perovskite solar cells. Here we introduced a sulfonium-based molecule, dimethylphenethylsulfonium iodide (DMPESI), for the post-deposition treatment of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite films. The treated films show improved stability upon light soaking and remains in the black α phase after two years ageing under ambient condition without encapsulation. The DMPESI-treated perovskite solar cells show less than 1% performance loss after more than 4,500 h at maximum power point tracking, yielding a theoretical T80 of over nine years under continuous 1-sun illumination. The solar cells also display less than 5% power conversion efficiency drops under various ageing conditions, including 100 thermal cycles between 25 °C and 85 °C and an 1,050-h damp heat test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Suo
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bowen Yang
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche ‘Giulio Natta’ (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia, Italy
| | - Dmitry Bogachuk
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Solarlab Aiko Europe GmbH, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tiarnan A. S. Doherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominik J. Kubicki
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Present Address: School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Fan Fu
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - YeonJu Kim
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oussama Er-Raji
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Sustainable Systems Engineering (INATECH), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tiankai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Baldinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg, Germany
- Physics of Solar Energy Conversion Group, Department of Physics, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ayodhya N. Tiwari
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hinsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche ‘Giulio Natta’ (CNR-SCITEC), Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry–Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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9
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Zou Y, Bai X, Kahmann S, Dai L, Yuan S, Yin S, Heger JE, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Chen CC, Zhang J, Stranks SD, Friend RH, Müller-Buschbaum P. A Practical Approach Toward Highly Reproducible and High-Quality Perovskite Films Based on an Aging Treatment. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307024. [PMID: 37739404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Solution processing of hybrid perovskite semiconductors is a highly promising approach for the fabrication of cost-effective electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, challenges with this approach lie in overcoming the controllability of the perovskite film morphology and the reproducibility of device efficiencies. Here, a facile and practical aging treatment (AT) strategy is reported to modulate the perovskite crystal growth to produce sufficiently high-quality perovskite thin films with improved homogeneity and full-coverage morphology. The resulting AT-films exhibit fewer defects, faster charge carrier transfer/extraction, and suppressed non-radiative recombination compared with reference. The AT-devices achieve a noticeable improvement in the reproducibility, operational stability, and photovoltaic performance of devices, with the average efficiency increased by 16%. It also demonstrates the feasibility and scalability of AT strategy in optimizing the film morphology and device performance for other perovskite components including MAPbI3 , (MAPbBr3 )15 (FAPbI3 )85 , and Cs0.05 (MAPbBr3 )0.17 (FAPbI3 )0.83 . This method opens an effective avenue to improve the quality of perovskite films and photovoltaic devices in a scalable and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zou
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Linjie Dai
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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10
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Baldwin WJ, Liang X, Klarbring J, Dubajic M, Dell'Angelo D, Sutton C, Caddeo C, Stranks SD, Mattoni A, Walsh A, Csányi G. Dynamic Local Structure in Caesium Lead Iodide: Spatial Correlation and Transient Domains. Small 2024; 20:e2303565. [PMID: 37736694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are multifunctional semiconductors with tunable structures and properties. They are highly dynamic crystals with complex octahedral tilting patterns and strongly anharmonic atomic behavior. In the higher temperature, higher symmetry phases of these materials, several complex structural features are observed. The local structure can differ greatly from the average structure and there is evidence that dynamic 2D structures of correlated octahedral motion form. An understanding of the underlying complex atomistic dynamics is, however, still lacking. In this work, the local structure of the inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 is investigated using a new machine learning force field based on the atomic cluster expansion framework. Through analysis of the temporal and spatial correlation observed during large-scale simulations, it is revealed that the low frequency motion of octahedral tilts implies a double-well effective potential landscape, even well into the cubic phase. Moreover, dynamic local regions of lower symmetry are present within both higher symmetry phases. These regions are planar and the length and timescales of the motion are reported. Finally, the spatial arrangement of these features and their interactions are investigated and visualized, providing a comprehensive picture of local structure in the higher symmetry phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Baldwin
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Xia Liang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Johan Klarbring
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Milos Dubajic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | | | - Christopher Sutton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Claudia Caddeo
- CNR-IOM, Unitá di Cagliari, Monserrato, Caligari, 09042, Italy
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | | | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
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11
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Orr KWP, Diao J, Lintangpradipto MN, Batey DJ, Iqbal AN, Kahmann S, Frohna K, Dubajic M, Zelewski SJ, Dearle AE, Selby TA, Li P, Doherty TAS, Hofmann S, Bakr OM, Robinson IK, Stranks SD. Imaging Light-Induced Migration of Dislocations in Halide Perovskites with 3D Nanoscale Strain Mapping. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2305549. [PMID: 37735999 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, halide perovskite materials have been used to make high-performance solar cells and light-emitting devices. However, material defects still limit device performance and stability. Here, synchrotron-based Bragg coherent diffraction imaging is used to visualize nanoscale strain fields, such as those local to defects, in halide perovskite microcrystals. Significant strain heterogeneity within MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3 NH3 + ) crystals is found in spite of their high optoelectronic quality, and both 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 edge dislocations are identified through analysis of their local strain fields. By imaging these defects and strain fields in situ under continuous illumination, dramatic light-induced dislocation migration across hundreds of nanometers is uncovered. Further, by selectively studying crystals that are damaged by the X-ray beam, large dislocation densities and increased nanoscale strains are correlated with material degradation and substantially altered optoelectronic properties assessed using photoluminescence microscopy measurements. These results demonstrate the dynamic nature of extended defects and strain in halide perovskites, which will have important consequences for device performance and operational stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran W P Orr
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jiecheng Diao
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Muhammad Naufal Lintangpradipto
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Darren J Batey
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Milos Dubajic
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Alice E Dearle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Thomas A Selby
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Peng Li
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 23955-6900, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ian K Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, New York, 11793, USA
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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12
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Moseley OI, Roose B, Zelewski SJ, Stranks SD. Identification and Mitigation of Transient Phenomena That Complicate the Characterization of Halide Perovskite Photodetectors. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2023; 6:10233-10242. [PMID: 37886222 PMCID: PMC10598628 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites have shown promise to advance the field of light detection in next-generation photodetectors, offering performance and functionality beyond what is currently possible with traditional inorganic semiconductors. Despite a relatively high density of defects in perovskite thin films, long carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes suggest that many defects are benign. However, perovskite photodetectors show detection behavior that varies with time, creating inconsistent device performance and difficulties in accurate characterization. Here, we link the changing behavior to mobile defects that migrate through perovskites, leading to detector currents that drift on the time scale of seconds. These effects not only complicate reproducible device performance but also introduce characterization challenges. We demonstrate that such transient phenomena generate measurement artifacts that mean the value of specific detectivity measured can vary by up to 2 orders of magnitude even in the same device. The presence of defects can lead to photoconductive gain in photodetectors, and we show batch-to-batch processing variations in perovskite devices gives varying degrees of charge carrier injection and photocurrent amplification under low light intensities. We utilize the passivating effect of aging to reduce the impact of defects, minimizing current drifts and eliminating the gain. This work highlights the potential issues arising from mobile defects, which lead to inconsistent photodetector operation, and identifies the potential for defects to tune photodetection behavior in perovskite photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
D. I. Moseley
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Bart Roose
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Szymon J. Zelewski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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13
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Boeije Y, Van Gompel WTM, Zhang Y, Ghosh P, Zelewski SJ, Maufort A, Roose B, Ooi ZY, Chowdhury R, Devroey I, Lenaers S, Tew A, Dai L, Dey K, Salway H, Friend RH, Sirringhaus H, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Rao A, Stranks SD. Tailoring Interlayer Charge Transfer Dynamics in 2D Perovskites with Electroactive Spacer Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21330-21343. [PMID: 37738152 PMCID: PMC10557141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The family of hybrid organic-inorganic lead-halide perovskites are the subject of intense interest for optoelectronic applications, from light-emitting diodes to photovoltaics to X-ray detectors. Due to the inert nature of most organic molecules, the inorganic sublattice generally dominates the electronic structure and therefore the optoelectronic properties of perovskites. Here, we use optically and electronically active carbazole-based Cz-Ci molecules, where Ci indicates an alkylammonium chain and i indicates the number of CH2 units in the chain, varying from 3 to 5, as cations in the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite structure. By investigating the photophysics and charge transport characteristics of (Cz-Ci)2PbI4, we demonstrate a tunable electronic coupling between the inorganic lead-halide and organic layers. The strongest interlayer electronic coupling was found for (Cz-C3)2PbI4, where photothermal deflection spectroscopy results remarkably reveal an organic-inorganic charge transfer state. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements demonstrate ultrafast hole transfer from the photoexcited lead-halide layer to the Cz-Ci molecules, the efficiency of which increases by varying the chain length from i = 5 to i = 3. The charge transfer results in long-lived carriers (10-100 ns) and quenched emission, in stark contrast to the fast (sub-ns) and efficient radiative decay of bound excitons in the more conventional 2D perovskite (PEA)2PbI4, in which phenylethylammonium (PEA) acts as an inert spacer. Electrical charge transport measurements further support enhanced interlayer coupling, showing increased out-of-plane carrier mobility from i = 5 to i = 3. This study paves the way for the rational design of 2D perovskites with combined inorganic-organic electronic properties through the wide range of functionalities available in the world of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Wouter T. M. Van Gompel
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Pratyush Ghosh
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Szymon J. Zelewski
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems
of Technology, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Arthur Maufort
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bart Roose
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Zher Ying Ooi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ilan Devroey
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Stijn Lenaers
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alasdair Tew
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Linjie Dai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Krishanu Dey
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Hayden Salway
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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14
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Ashoka A, Nagane S, Strkalj N, Sharma A, Roose B, Sneyd AJ, Sung J, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Stranks SD, Feldmann S, Rao A. Local symmetry breaking drives picosecond spin domain formation in polycrystalline halide perovskite films. Nat Mater 2023; 22:977-984. [PMID: 37308547 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoinduced spin-charge interconversion in semiconductors with spin-orbit coupling could provide a route to optically addressable spintronics without the use of external magnetic fields. However, in structurally disordered polycrystalline semiconductors, which are being widely explored for device applications, the presence and role of spin-associated charge currents remains unclear. Here, using femtosecond circular-polarization-resolved pump-probe microscopy on polycrystalline halide perovskite thin films, we observe the photoinduced ultrafast formation of spin domains on the micrometre scale formed through lateral spin currents. Micrometre-scale variations in the intensity of optical second-harmonic generation and vertical piezoresponse suggest that the spin-domain formation is driven by the presence of strong local inversion symmetry breaking via structural disorder. We propose that this leads to spatially varying Rashba-like spin textures that drive spin-momentum-locked currents, leading to local spin accumulation. Ultrafast spin-domain formation in polycrystalline halide perovskite films provides an optically addressable platform for nanoscale spin-device physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Satyawan Nagane
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nives Strkalj
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jooyoung Sung
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Lang F, Chiang YH, Frohna K, Ozen S, Neitzert HC, Denker A, Stolterfoht M, Stranks SD. Methylammonium-free co-evaporated perovskite absorbers with high radiation and UV tolerance: an option for in-space manufacturing of space-PV? RSC Adv 2023; 13:21138-21145. [PMID: 37449029 PMCID: PMC10337721 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03846g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With a remarkable tolerance to high-energetic radiation and potential high power-to-weight ratios, halide perovskite-based solar cells are interesting for future space PV applications. In this work, we fabricate and test methylammonium-free, co-evaporated FA0.7Cs0.3Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 perovskite solar cells that could potentially be fabricated in space or on the Moon by physical vapor deposition, making use of the available vacuum present. The absence of methylammonium hereby increased the UV-light stability significantly, an important factor considering the increased UV proportion in the extra-terrestrial solar spectrum. We then tested their radiation tolerance under high energetic proton irradiation and found that the PCE degraded to 0.79 of its initial value due to coloring of the glass substrate, a typical problem that often complicates analysis. To disentangle damage mechanisms and to assess whether the perovskite degraded, we employ injection-current-dependent electroluminescence (EL) and intensity-dependent VOC measurements to derive pseudo-JV curves that are independent of parasitic effects. This way we identify a high radiation tolerance with 0.96 of the initial PCE remaining after 1 × 1013 p+ cm-2 which is beyond today's space material systems (<0.8) and on par with those of previously tested solution-processed perovskite solar cells. Together our results render co-evaporated perovskites as highly interesting candidates for future space manufacturing, while the pseudo-JV methodology presents an important tool to disentangle parasitic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 Potsdam-Golm D-14476 Germany
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Sercan Ozen
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 Potsdam-Golm D-14476 Germany
| | - Heinz C Neitzert
- Department of Industrial Engineering (DIIn), Salerno University Fisciano SA Italy
| | - Andrea Denker
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Protonen für die Therapie Hahn-Meitner Platz 1 14109 Berlin Germany
- Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Fachbereich II - Mathematik - Physik - Chemie Luxemburgerstr. 10 D-13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 Potsdam-Golm D-14476 Germany
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive CB3 0AS Cambridge UK
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16
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Chiang YH, Frohna K, Salway H, Abfalterer A, Pan L, Roose B, Anaya M, Stranks SD. Vacuum-Deposited Wide-Bandgap Perovskite for All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2023; 8:2728-2737. [PMID: 37324541 PMCID: PMC10262197 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-perovskite tandem solar cells beckon as lower cost alternatives to conventional single-junction cells. Solution processing has enabled rapid optimization of perovskite solar technologies, but new deposition routes will enable modularity and scalability, facilitating technology adoption. Here, we utilize 4-source vacuum deposition to deposit FA0.7Cs0.3Pb(IxBr1-x)3 perovskite, where the bandgap is changed through fine control over the halide content. We show how using MeO-2PACz as a hole-transporting material and passivating the perovskite with ethylenediammonium diiodide reduces nonradiative losses, resulting in efficiencies of 17.8% in solar cells based on vacuum-deposited perovskites with a bandgap of 1.76 eV. By similarly passivating a narrow-bandgap FA0.75Cs0.25Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 perovskite and combining it with a subcell of evaporated FA0.7Cs0.3Pb(I0.64Br0.36)3, we report a 2-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cell with champion open circuit voltage and efficiency of 2.06 V and 24.1%, respectively. This dry deposition method enables high reproducibility, opening avenues for modular, scalable multijunction devices even in complex architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Hayden Salway
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Linfeng Pan
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Bart Roose
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
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17
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Xiao M, Ren X, Ji K, Chung S, Shi X, Han J, Yao Z, Tao X, Zelewski SJ, Nikolka M, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Jay N, Jacobs I, Wu W, Yu H, Abdul Samad Y, Stranks SD, Kang B, Cho K, Xie J, Yan H, Chen S, Sirringhaus H. Achieving ideal transistor characteristics in conjugated polymer semiconductors. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg8659. [PMID: 37267357 PMCID: PMC10413658 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with ideal behavior are highly desired, because nonideal devices may overestimate the intrinsic property and yield inferior performance in applications. In reality, most polymer OTFTs reported in the literature do not exhibit ideal characteristics. Supported by a structure-property relationship study of several low-disorder conjugated polymers, here, we present an empirical selection rule for polymer candidates for textbook-like OTFTs with high reliability factors (100% for ideal transistors). The successful candidates should have low energetic disorder along their backbones and form thin films with spatially uniform energetic landscapes. We demonstrate that these requirements are satisfied in the semicrystalline polymer PffBT4T-2DT, which exhibits a reliability factor (~100%) that is exceptionally high for polymer devices, rendering it an ideal candidate for OTFT applications. Our findings broaden the selection of polymer semiconductors with textbook-like OTFT characteristics and would shed light upon the molecular design criteria for next-generation polymer semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Xinglong Ren
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. of China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. of China
| | - Zefan Yao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. of China
| | - Xudong Tao
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Szymon J. Zelewski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mark Nikolka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zhilong Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zichen Wang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Nathan Jay
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Ian Jacobs
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Weijing Wu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. of China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. of China
| | - Yarjan Abdul Samad
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Boseok Kang
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. of China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional Materials, Energy Institute and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration & Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. of China
| | - Shangshang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. of China
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Ave., Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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18
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Jagt RA, Bravić I, Eyre L, Gałkowski K, Borowiec J, Dudipala KR, Baranowski M, Dyksik M, van de Goor TWJ, Kreouzis T, Xiao M, Bevan A, Płochocka P, Stranks SD, Deschler F, Monserrat B, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Hoye RLZ. Layered BiOI single crystals capable of detecting low dose rates of X-rays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2452. [PMID: 37117174 PMCID: PMC10147687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting low dose rates of X-rays is critical for making safer radiology instruments, but is limited by the absorber materials available. Here, we develop bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) single crystals into effective X-ray detectors. BiOI features complex lattice dynamics, owing to the ionic character of the lattice and weak van der Waals interactions between layers. Through use of ultrafast spectroscopy, first-principles computations and detailed optical and structural characterisation, we show that photoexcited charge-carriers in BiOI couple to intralayer breathing phonon modes, forming large polarons, thus enabling longer drift lengths for the photoexcited carriers than would be expected if self-trapping occurred. This, combined with the low and stable dark currents and high linear X-ray attenuation coefficients, leads to strong detector performance. High sensitivities reaching 1.1 × 103 μC Gyair-1 cm-2 are achieved, and the lowest dose rate directly measured by the detectors was 22 nGyair s-1. The photophysical principles discussed herein offer new design avenues for novel materials with heavy elements and low-dimensional electronic structures for (opto)electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Jagt
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Ivona Bravić
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lissa Eyre
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, D-85748, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Joanna Borowiec
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- College of Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Kavya Reddy Dudipala
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, UPR 3228, Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, UPR 3228, Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tim W J van de Goor
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Theo Kreouzis
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ming Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Province, 519082, Zhuhai, China
| | - Adrian Bevan
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Paulina Płochocka
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA, UPR 3228, Toulouse, France
- Department of Experimental Physics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Felix Deschler
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, Garching, D-85748, Germany
- Physikalisch-Chemisches-Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neunheimer Feld 229, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK.
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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19
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Caiazzo A, Maufort A, van Gorkom BT, Remmerswaal WHM, Orri JF, Li J, Wang J, van Gompel WTM, Van Hecke K, Kusch G, Oliver RA, Ducati C, Lutsen L, Wienk MM, Stranks SD, Vanderzande D, Janssen RAJ. 3D Perovskite Passivation with a Benzotriazole-Based 2D Interlayer for High-Efficiency Solar Cells. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2023; 6:3933-3943. [PMID: 37064411 PMCID: PMC10091350 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
2H-Benzotriazol-2-ylethylammonium bromide and iodide and its difluorinated derivatives are synthesized and employed as interlayers for passivation of formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) solar cells. In combination with PbI2 and PbBr2, these benzotriazole derivatives form two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites (RPPs) as evidenced by their crystal structures and thin film characteristics. When used to passivate n-i-p FAPbI3 solar cells, the power conversion efficiency improves from 20% to close to 22% by enhancing the open-circuit voltage. Quasi-Fermi level splitting experiments and scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging reveal that passivation provides a reduced nonradiative recombination at the interface between the perovskite and hole transport layer. Photoluminescence spectroscopy, angle-resolved grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, and depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the 2D/three-dimensional (3D) interface between the benzotriazole RPP and FAPbI3 show that a nonuniform layer of 2D perovskites is enough to passivate defects, enhance charge extraction, and decrease nonradiative recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Caiazzo
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O.
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur Maufort
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bas T. van Gorkom
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O.
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Willemijn H. M. Remmerswaal
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O.
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Junyu Li
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O.
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Junke Wang
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O.
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter T. M. van Gompel
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct,
Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Kusch
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - R. A. Oliver
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Martijn M. Wienk
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O.
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United
Kingdom
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - René A. J. Janssen
- Molecular
Materials and Nanosystems and Institute of Complex Molecular Systems
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O.
Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Dutch
Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612
AJ Eindhoven, The
Netherlands
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20
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Sun Y, Ge L, Dai L, Cho C, Ferrer Orri J, Ji K, Zelewski SJ, Liu Y, Mirabelli AJ, Zhang Y, Huang JY, Wang Y, Gong K, Lai MC, Zhang L, Yang D, Lin J, Tennyson EM, Ducati C, Stranks SD, Cui LS, Greenham NC. Bright and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes in the near-infrared range. Nature 2023; 615:830-835. [PMID: 36922588 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have attracted broad attention due to their rapidly increasing external quantum efficiencies (EQEs)1-15. However, most high EQEs of perovskite LEDs are reported at low current densities (<1 mA cm-2) and low brightness. Decrease in efficiency and rapid degradation at high brightness inhibit their practical applications. Here, we demonstrate perovskite LEDs with exceptional performance at high brightness, achieved by the introduction of a multifunctional molecule that simultaneously removes non-radiative regions in the perovskite films and suppresses luminescence quenching of perovskites at the interface with charge-transport layers. The resulting LEDs emit near-infrared light at 800 nm, show a peak EQE of 23.8% at 33 mA cm-2 and retain EQEs more than 10% at high current densities of up to 1,000 mA cm-2. In pulsed operation, they retain EQE of 16% at an ultrahigh current density of 4,000 mA cm-2, along with a high radiance of more than 3,200 W s-1 m-2. Notably, an operational half-lifetime of 32 h at an initial radiance of 107 W s-1 m-2 has been achieved, representing the best stability for perovskite LEDs having EQEs exceeding 20% at high brightness levels. The demonstration of efficient and stable perovskite LEDs at high brightness is an important step towards commercialization and opens up new opportunities beyond conventional LED technologies, such as perovskite electrically pumped lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Sun
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lishuang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Changsoon Cho
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Yun Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alessandro J Mirabelli
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun-Yu Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yusong Wang
- Hefei National Research Centre for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Hefei National Research Centre for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - May Ching Lai
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lu Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | - Jiudong Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China
| | | | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin-Song Cui
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China.
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Boehme S, Bodnarchuk MI, Burian M, Bertolotti F, Cherniukh I, Bernasconi C, Zhu C, Erni R, Amenitsch H, Naumenko D, Andrusiv H, Semkiv N, John RA, Baldwin A, Galkowski K, Masciocchi N, Stranks SD, Rainò G, Guagliardi A, Kovalenko MV. Strongly Confined CsPbBr 3 Quantum Dots as Quantum Emitters and Building Blocks for Rhombic Superlattices. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2089-2100. [PMID: 36719353 PMCID: PMC9933619 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The success of the colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) field is rooted in the precise synthetic control of QD size, shape, and composition, enabling electronically well-defined functional nanomaterials that foster fundamental science and motivate diverse fields of applications. While the exploitation of the strong confinement regime has been driving commercial and scientific interest in InP or CdSe QDs, such a regime has still not been thoroughly explored and exploited for lead-halide perovskite QDs, mainly due to a so far insufficient chemical stability and size monodispersity of perovskite QDs smaller than about 7 nm. Here, we demonstrate chemically stable strongly confined 5 nm CsPbBr3 colloidal QDs via a postsynthetic treatment employing didodecyldimethylammonium bromide ligands. The achieved high size monodispersity (7.5% ± 2.0%) and shape-uniformity enables the self-assembly of QD superlattices with exceptional long-range order, uniform thickness, an unusual rhombic packing with an obtuse angle of 104°, and narrow-band cyan emission. The enhanced chemical stability indicates the promise of strongly confined perovskite QDs for solution-processed single-photon sources, with single QDs showcasing a high single-photon purity of 73% and minimal blinking (78% "on" fraction), both at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
C. Boehme
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Max Burian
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Denys Naumenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University
of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hordii Andrusiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nazar Semkiv
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rohit Abraham John
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alan Baldwin
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio
Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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22
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Senanayak SP, Dey K, Shivanna R, Li W, Ghosh D, Zhang Y, Roose B, Zelewski SJ, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Wood W, Tiwale N, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Friend RH, Stranks SD, Sirringhaus H. Charge transport in mixed metal halide perovskite semiconductors. Nat Mater 2023; 22:216-224. [PMID: 36702888 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01448-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the inherent field-driven charge transport behaviour of three-dimensional lead halide perovskites has largely remained challenging, owing to undesirable ionic migration effects near room temperature and dipolar disorder instabilities prevalent specifically in methylammonium-and-lead-based high-performing three-dimensional perovskite compositions. Here, we address both these challenges and demonstrate that field-effect transistors based on methylammonium-free, mixed metal (Pb/Sn) perovskite compositions do not suffer from ion migration effects as notably as their pure-Pb counterparts and reliably exhibit hysteresis-free p-type transport with a mobility reaching 5.4 cm2 V-1 s-1. The reduced ion migration is visualized through photoluminescence microscopy under bias and is manifested as an activated temperature dependence of the field-effect mobility with a low activation energy (~48 meV) consistent with the presence of the shallow defects present in these materials. An understanding of the long-range electronic charge transport in these inherently doped mixed metal halide perovskites will contribute immensely towards high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyaprasad P Senanayak
- Nanoelectronics and Device Physics Lab, National Institute of Science Education and Research, School of Physical Sciences, HBNI, Jatni, India.
| | - Krishanu Dey
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ravichandran Shivanna
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- College of Physics, MIIT Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, India
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Wood
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikhil Tiwale
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - Richard H Friend
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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23
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Liu Y, Banon JP, Frohna K, Chiang YH, Tumen-Ulzii G, Stranks SD, Filoche M, Friend RH. The Electronic Disorder Landscape of Mixed Halide Perovskites. ACS Energy Lett 2023; 8:250-258. [PMID: 36660372 PMCID: PMC9841609 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Band gap tunability of lead mixed halide perovskites makes them promising candidates for various applications in optoelectronics. Here we use the localization landscape theory to reveal that the static disorder due to iodide:bromide compositional alloying contributes at most 3 meV to the Urbach energy. Our modeling reveals that the reason for this small contribution is due to the small effective masses in perovskites, resulting in a natural length scale of around 20 nm for the "effective confining potential" for electrons and holes, with short-range potential fluctuations smoothed out. The increase in Urbach energy across the compositional range agrees well with our optical absorption measurements. We model systems of sizes up to 80 nm in three dimensions, allowing us to accurately reproduce the experimentally observed absorption spectra of perovskites with halide segregation. Our results suggest that we should look beyond static contribution and focus on the dynamic temperature dependent contribution to the Urbach energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Philippe Banon
- Laboratoire
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique
de Paris, 91120Palaiseau, France
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ganbaatar Tumen-Ulzii
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Filoche
- Laboratoire
de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique
de Paris, 91120Palaiseau, France
- Institut
Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université
PSL, CNRS, 75005Paris, France
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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24
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Moseley OI, Roose B, Zelewski SJ, Kahmann S, Dey K, Stranks SD. Tunable Multiband Halide Perovskite Tandem Photodetectors with Switchable Response. ACS Photonics 2022; 9:3958-3966. [PMID: 36573164 PMCID: PMC9782784 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photodetectors with multiple spectral response bands have shown promise to improve imaging and communications through the switchable detection of different photon energies. However, demonstrations to date have been limited to only two bands and lack capability for fast switching in situ. Here, we exploit the band gap tunability and capability of all-perovskite tandem solar cells to demonstrate a new device concept realizing four spectral bands of response from a single multijunction device, with fast, optically controlled switching between the bands. The response to monochromatic light is highly selective and narrowband without the need for additional filters and switches to broader response bands on applying bias light. Sensitive photodetection above 6 × 1011 Jones is demonstrated in all modes, with rapid switching response times of <250 ns. We demonstrate proof of principle on how the manipulation of the modular multiband detector response through light conditions enables diverse applications in optical communications with secure encryption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver
D. I. Moseley
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Bart Roose
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Szymon J. Zelewski
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems
of Technology, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Krishanu Dey
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
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25
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Kahmann S, Meggiolaro D, Gregori L, Tekelenburg EK, Pitaro M, Stranks SD, De Angelis F, Loi MA. The Origin of Broad Emission in ⟨100⟩ Two-Dimensional Perovskites: Extrinsic vs Intrinsic Processes. ACS Energy Lett 2022; 7:4232-4241. [PMID: 36531144 PMCID: PMC9745793 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
2D metal halide perovskites can show narrow and broad emission bands (BEs), and the latter's origin is hotly debated. A widespread opinion assigns BEs to the recombination of intrinsic self-trapped excitons (STEs), whereas recent studies indicate they can have an extrinsic defect-related origin. Here, we carry out a combined experimental-computational study into the microscopic origin of BEs for a series of prototypical phenylethylammonium-based 2D perovskites, comprising different metals (Pb, Sn) and halides (I, Br, Cl). Photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that all of the compounds exhibit BEs. Where not observable at room temperature, the BE signature emerges upon cooling. By means of DFT calculations, we demonstrate that emission from halide vacancies is compatible with the experimentally observed features. Emission from STEs may only contribute to the BE in the wide-band-gap Br- and Cl-based compounds. Our work paves the way toward a complete understanding of broad emission bands in halide perovskites that will facilitate the fabrication of efficient narrow and white light emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kahmann
- Photophysics
and OptoElectronics Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Daniele Meggiolaro
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC−CNR), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Gregori
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Eelco K. Tekelenburg
- Photophysics
and OptoElectronics Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Pitaro
- Photophysics
and OptoElectronics Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive CB3 0AS Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational
Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche (SCITEC−CNR), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department
of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, College of Sciences & Human
Studies, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Dhahran 34754, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Photophysics
and OptoElectronics Group, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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26
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Cho C, Feldmann S, Yeom KM, Jang YW, Kahmann S, Huang JY, Yang TCJ, Khayyat MNT, Wu YR, Choi M, Noh JH, Stranks SD, Greenham NC. Efficient vertical charge transport in polycrystalline halide perovskites revealed by four-dimensional tracking of charge carriers. Nat Mater 2022; 21:1388-1395. [PMID: 36396960 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fast diffusion of charge carriers is crucial for efficient charge collection in perovskite solar cells. While lateral transient photoluminescence microscopies have been popularly used to characterize charge diffusion in perovskites, there exists a discrepancy between low diffusion coefficients measured and near-unity charge collection efficiencies achieved in practical solar cells. Here, we reveal hidden microscopic dynamics in halide perovskites through four-dimensional (directions x, y and z and time t) tracking of charge carriers by characterizing out-of-plane diffusion of charge carriers. By combining this approach with confocal microscopy, we discover a strong local heterogeneity of vertical charge diffusivities in a three-dimensional perovskite film, arising from the difference between intragrain and intergrain diffusion. We visualize that most charge carriers are efficiently transported through the direct intragrain pathways or via indirect detours through nearby areas with fast diffusion. The observed anisotropy and heterogeneity of charge carrier diffusion in perovskites rationalize their high performance as shown in real devices. Our work also foresees that further control of polycrystal growth will enable solar cells with micrometres-thick perovskites to achieve both long optical path length and efficient charge collection simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Cho
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Rowland Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kyung Mun Yeom
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun-Woo Jang
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jun-Yu Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Terry Chien-Jen Yang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yuh-Renn Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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27
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Kahmann S, Duim H, Rommens AJ, Frohna K, Ten Brink GH, Portale G, Stranks SD, Loi MA. Taking a closer look - how the microstructure of Dion-Jacobson perovskites governs their photophysics. J Mater Chem C Mater 2022; 10:17539-17549. [PMID: 36561307 PMCID: PMC9714182 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc04406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Scarce information is available on the thin film morphology of Dion-Jacobson halide perovskites. However, the microstructure can have a profound impact on a material's photophysics and its potential for optoelectronic applications. The microscopic mechanisms at play in the prototypical 1,4-phenylenedimethanammonium lead iodide (PDMAPbI4) Dion-Jacobson compound are here elucidated through a combination of hyperspectral photoluminescence and Raman spectro-microscopy supported by x-ray diffraction. In concert, these techniques allow for a detailed analysis of local composition and microstructure. PDMAPbI4 thin films are shown to be phase-pure and to form micron-sized crystallites with a dominant out-of-plane stacking and strong in-plane rotational disorder. Sample topography, localised defects, and a strong impact of temperature-variation create a complex and heterogeneous picture of the luminescence that cannot be captured by a simplified bulk-semiconductor picture. Our study highlights the power of optical microscopy techniques used in combination, and underlines the danger of conceptual oversimplification when analysing the photophysics of perovskite thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kahmann
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Herman Duim
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics Group, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Alexander J Rommens
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics Group, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Gert H Ten Brink
- Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Portale
- Macromolecular Chemistry and New Polymeric Materials, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Maria A Loi
- Photophysics and OptoElectronics Group, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 NL-9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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28
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Ruggeri E, Anaya M, Gałkowski K, Abfalterer A, Chiang YH, Ji K, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Stranks SD. Halide Remixing under Device Operation Imparts Stability on Mixed-Cation Mixed-Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2202163. [PMID: 35866352 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-halide mixed-cation hybrid perovskites are among the most promising perovskite compositions for application in a variety of optoelectronic devices due to their high performance, low cost, and bandgap-tuning capabilities. Instability pathways such as those driven by ionic migration, however, continue to hinder their further progress. Here, an operando variable-pitch synchrotron grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering technique is used to track the surface and bulk structural changes in mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskite solar cells under continuous load and illumination. By monitoring the evolution of the material structure, it is demonstrated that halide remixing along the electric field and illumination direction during operation hinders phase segregation and limits device instability. Correlating the evolution with directionality- and depth-dependent analyses, it is proposed that this halide remixing is induced by an electrostrictive effect acting along the substrate out-of-plane direction. However, this stabilizing effect is overwhelmed by competing halide demixing processes in devices exposed to humid air or with poorer starting performance. The findings shed new light on understanding halide de- and re-mixing competitions and their impact on device longevity. These operando techniques allow real-time tracking of the structural evolution in full optoelectronic devices and unveil otherwise inaccessible insights into rapid structural evolution under external stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudzia̧dzka 5, Toruń, 87-100, Poland
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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29
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Otero‐Martínez C, Imran M, Schrenker NJ, Ye J, Ji K, Rao A, Stranks SD, Hoye RLZ, Bals S, Manna L, Pérez‐Juste J, Polavarapu L. Fast A‐Site Cation Cross‐Exchange at Room Temperature: Single‐to Double‐ and Triple‐Cation Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205617. [PMID: 35748492 PMCID: PMC9540746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report here fast A‐site cation cross‐exchange between APbX3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) made of different A‐cations (Cs (cesium), FA (formamidinium), and MA (methylammonium)) at room temperature. Surprisingly, the A‐cation cross‐exchange proceeds as fast as the halide (X=Cl, Br, or I) exchange with the help of free A‐oleate complexes present in the freshly prepared colloidal perovskite NC solutions. This enabled the preparation of double (MACs, MAFA, CsFA)‐ and triple (MACsFA)‐cation perovskite NCs with an optical band gap that is finely tunable by their A‐site composition. The optical spectroscopy together with structural analysis using XRD and atomically resolved high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM indicates the homogeneous distribution of different cations in the mixed perovskite NC lattice. Unlike halide ions, the A‐cations do not phase‐segregate under light illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero‐Martínez
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Nanochemistry Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Nadine J. Schrenker
- EMAT and Nanolab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Kangyu Ji
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge 19 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department of Materials Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and Nanolab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Jorge Pérez‐Juste
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, CINBIO Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310 Vigo Spain
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30
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Ye J, Li Z, Kubicki DJ, Zhang Y, Dai L, Otero-Martínez C, Reus MA, Arul R, Dudipala KR, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Huang YT, Li Z, Chen Z, Müller-Buschbaum P, Yip HL, Stranks SD, Grey CP, Baumberg JJ, Greenham NC, Polavarapu L, Rao A, Hoye RLZ. Elucidating the Role of Antisolvents on the Surface Chemistry and Optoelectronic Properties of CsPbBr xI 3-x Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12102-12115. [PMID: 35759794 PMCID: PMC9284547 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Colloidal lead-halide
perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) have emerged
over the past decade as leading candidates for efficient next-generation
optoelectronic devices, but their properties and performance critically
depend on how they are purified. While antisolvents are widely used
for purification, a detailed understanding of how the polarity of
the antisolvent influences the surface chemistry and composition of
the NCs is missing in the field. Here, we fill this knowledge gap
by
studying the surface chemistry of purified CsPbBrxI3-x NCs as the model system,
which in itself is considered a promising candidate for pure-red light-emitting
diodes and top-cells for tandem photovoltaics. Interestingly, we find
that as the polarity of the antisolvent increases (from methyl acetate
to acetone to butanol), there is a blueshift in the photoluminescence
(PL) peak of the NCs along with a decrease in PL quantum yield (PLQY).
Through transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy
measurements, we find that these changes in PL properties arise from
antisolvent-induced iodide removal, which leads to a change in halide
composition and, thus, the bandgap. Using detailed nuclear magnetic
resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
measurements along with density functional theory calculations, we
propose that more polar antisolvents favor the detachment of the oleic
acid and oleylamine ligands, which undergo amide condensation reactions,
leading to the removal of iodide anions from the NC surface bound
to these ligands. This work shows that careful selection of low-polarity
antisolvents is a critical part of designing the synthesis of NCs
to achieve high PLQYs with minimal defect-mediated phase segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zhenchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275 Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Otero-Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel A Reus
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rakesh Arul
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kavya Reddy Dudipala
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Zewei Li
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Ziming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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31
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Otero-Martínez C, Imran M, Schrenker NJ, Ye J, Ji K, Rao A, Stranks SD, Hoye RLZ, Bals S, Manna L, Pérez-Juste J, Polavarapu L. Fast A‐Site Cation Cross‐exchange at Room Temperature: Single‐to Double‐ and Triple‐Cation Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Otero-Martínez
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Muhammad Imran
- IIT: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Nanochemistry ITALY
| | | | - Junzhi Ye
- University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kangyu Ji
- University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Akshay Rao
- University of Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | | | - Sara Bals
- University of Antwerp - City campus: Universiteit Antwerpen EMAT BELGIUM
| | - Liberato Manna
- IIT: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Nanochemistry ITALY
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Physical Chemistry SPAIN
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- University of Vigo - Lagoas Marcosende Campus: Universidade de Vigo Department of Physics Lagoas-Marcosende 36310 Vigo SPAIN
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32
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Bowman AR, Stranks SD, Monserrat B. Investigation of Singlet Fission-Halide Perovskite Interfaces. Chem Mater 2022; 34:4865-4875. [PMID: 35722200 PMCID: PMC9202303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c04310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A method for improving the efficiency of solar cells is combining a low-band-gap semiconductor with a singlet fission material (which converts one high-energy singlet into two low-energy triplets following photoexcitation). Here, we present a study of the interface between singlet fission molecules and low-band-gap halide pervoskites. We briefly present 150 experiments screening for triplet transfer into a halide perovskite. However, in all cases, triplet transfer was not observed. This motivated us to understand the halide perovskite-singlet fission interface better by carrying out first-principles calculations using tetracene and cesium lead iodide. We found that tetracene molecules/thin films preferentially orient themselves parallel to/perpendicular to the halide perovskite's surface. This result is in agreement with simulations of tetracene (and other rodlike molecules) on a wide range of inorganic semiconductors. We present formation energies of all interfaces, which are significantly less favorable than for bulk tetracene, indicative of weak interaction at the interface. It was not possible to calculate excitonic states at the full interface due to computational limitations, so we instead present highly speculative toy interfaces between tetracene and a halide-perovskite-like structure. In these models, we focus on replicating tetracene's electronic states correctly. We find that tetracene's singlet and triplet energies are comparable to that of bulk tetracene, and the triplet is strongly localized on a single tetracene molecule, even at an interface. Our work provides new understanding of the interface between tetracene and halide perovskites, explores the potential for modeling excitons at interfaces, and begins to explain the difficulties in extracting triplets directly into inorganic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R. Bowman
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, 27 Charles
Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
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33
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Smith HJ, Purnell BA, Suleymanov Y, Szuromi P, Scanlon ST, VanHook AM, Hodges K, Grocholski B, Zahn LM, Lavine MS, Vignieri S, Funk MA, Charneski CA, Isles HM, Stranks SD. In Science Journals. Science 2022; 376:957-959. [PMID: 35617413 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Highlights from the Science family of journals.
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34
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Macpherson S, Doherty TAS, Winchester AJ, Kosar S, Johnstone DN, Chiang YH, Galkowski K, Anaya M, Frohna K, Iqbal AN, Nagane S, Roose B, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Orr KWP, Parker JE, Midgley PA, Dani KM, Stranks SD. Local Nanoscale Phase Impurities are Degradation Sites in Halide Perovskites. Nature 2022; 607:294-300. [PMID: 35609624 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the nanoscopic chemical and structural changes that drive instabilities in emerging energy materials is essential for mitigating device degradation. The power conversion efficiency of halide perovskite photovoltaic devices has reached 25.7% in single junction and 29.8% in tandem perovskite/silicon cells1,2, yet retaining such performance under continuous operation has remained elusive3. Here, we develop a multimodal microscopy toolkit to reveal that in leading formamidinium-rich perovskite absorbers, nanoscale phase impurities including hexagonal polytype and lead iodide inclusions are not only traps for photo-excited carriers which themselves reduce performance4,5, but via the same trapping process are sites at which photochemical degradation of the absorber layer is seeded. We visualise illumination-induced structural changes at phase impurities associated with trap clusters, revealing that even trace amounts of these phases, otherwise undetected with bulk measurements, compromise device longevity. The type and distribution of these unwanted phase inclusions depends on film composition and processing, with the presence of polytypes being most detrimental for film photo-stability. Importantly, we reveal that performance losses and intrinsic degradation processes can both be mitigated by modulating these defective phase impurities, and demonstrate that this requires careful tuning of local structural and chemical properties. This multimodal workflow to correlate the nanoscopic landscape of beam sensitive energy materials will be applicable to a wide range of semiconductors for which a local picture of performance and operational stability has yet to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Macpherson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sofiia Kosar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krzystof Galkowski
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Satyawan Nagane
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kieran W P Orr
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia E Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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35
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Ferrer Orri J, Doherty TAS, Johnstone D, Collins SM, Simons H, Midgley PA, Ducati C, Stranks SD. Unveiling the Interaction Mechanisms of Electron and X-ray Radiation with Halide Perovskite Semiconductors using Scanning Nanoprobe Diffraction. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2200383. [PMID: 35288992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of high-energy electrons and X-ray photons with beam-sensitive semiconductors such as halide perovskites is essential for the characterization and understanding of these optoelectronic materials. Using nanoprobe diffraction techniques, which can investigate physical properties on the nanoscale, studies of the interaction of electron and X-ray radiation with state-of-the-art (FA0.79 MA0.16 Cs0.05 )Pb(I0.83 Br0.17 )3 hybrid halide perovskite films (FA, formamidinium; MA, methylammonium) are performed, tracking the changes in the local crystal structure as a function of fluence using scanning electron diffraction and synchrotron nano X-ray diffraction techniques. Perovskite grains are identified, from which additional reflections, corresponding to PbBr2 , appear as a crystalline degradation phase after fluences of 200 e- Å- 2 . These changes are concomitant with the formation of small PbI2 crystallites at the adjacent high-angle grain boundaries, with the formation of pinholes, and with a phase transition from tetragonal to cubic. A similar degradation pathway is caused by photon irradiation in nano-X-ray diffraction, suggesting common underlying mechanisms. This approach explores the radiation limits of these materials and provides a description of the degradation pathways on the nanoscale. Addressing high-angle grain boundaries will be critical for the further improvement of halide polycrystalline film stability, especially for applications vulnerable to high-energy radiation such as space photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | | | - Duncan Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Sean M Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering & School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hugh Simons
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, 2800, Denmark
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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36
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Du T, Richheimer F, Frohna K, Gasparini N, Mohan L, Min G, Xu W, Macdonald TJ, Yuan H, Ratnasingham SR, Haque S, Castro FA, Durrant JR, Stranks SD, Wood S, McLachlan MA, Briscoe J. Overcoming Nanoscale Inhomogeneities in Thin-Film Perovskites via Exceptional Post-annealing Grain Growth for Enhanced Photodetection. Nano Lett 2022; 22:979-988. [PMID: 35061402 PMCID: PMC9007526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antisolvent-assisted spin coating has been widely used for fabricating metal halide perovskite films with smooth and compact morphology. However, localized nanoscale inhomogeneities exist in these films owing to rapid crystallization, undermining their overall optoelectronic performance. Here, we show that by relaxing the requirement for film smoothness, outstanding film quality can be obtained simply through a post-annealing grain growth process without passivation agents. The morphological changes, driven by a vaporized methylammonium chloride (MACl)-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, lead to comprehensive defect elimination. Our nanoscale characterization visualizes the local defective clusters in the as-deposited film and their elimination following treatment, which couples with the observation of emissive grain boundaries and excellent inter- and intragrain optoelectronic uniformity in the polycrystalline film. Overcoming these performance-limiting inhomogeneities results in the enhancement of the photoresponse to low-light (<0.1 mW cm-2) illumination by up to 40-fold, yielding high-performance photodiodes with superior low-light detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Richheimer
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish
Laboratory, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lokeshwari Mohan
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ganghong Min
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Haozhen Yuan
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Sinclair R. Ratnasingham
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saif Haque
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando A. Castro
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- SPECIFIC
IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 7AX, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Wood
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn A. McLachlan
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Briscoe
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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37
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Kosasih FU, Divitini G, Orri JF, Tennyson EM, Kusch G, Oliver RA, Stranks SD, Ducati C. Optical emission from focused ion beam milled halide perovskite device cross-sections. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2351-2355. [PMID: 35118749 PMCID: PMC9304233 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy has been widely used to investigate organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. Electron-transparent specimens (lamellae) used in such studies are often prepared using focused ion beam (FIB) milling. However, the gallium ions used in FIB milling may severely degrade the structure and composition of halide perovskites in the lamellae, potentially invalidating studies performed on them. In this work, the close relationship between perovskite structure and luminescence is exploited to examine the structural quality of perovskite solar cell lamellae prepared by FIB milling. Through hyperspectral cathodoluminescence (CL) mapping, the perovskite layer was found to remain optically active with a slightly blue-shifted luminescence. This finding indicates that the perovskite structure is largely preserved upon the lamella fabrication process although some surface amorphisation occurred. Further changes in CL due to electron beam irradiation were also recorded, confirming that electron dose management is essential in electron microscopy studies of carefully prepared halide perovskite-based device lamellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix U Kosasih
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giorgio Divitini
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Center for Convergent Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Gunnar Kusch
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rachel A Oliver
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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38
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Frohna K, Anaya M, Macpherson S, Sung J, Doherty TAS, Chiang YH, Winchester AJ, Orr KWP, Parker JE, Quinn PD, Dani KM, Rao A, Stranks SD. Nanoscale chemical heterogeneity dominates the optoelectronic response of alloyed perovskite solar cells. Nat Nanotechnol 2022; 17:190-196. [PMID: 34811554 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites perform remarkably in optoelectronic devices. However, this exceptional performance is striking given that perovskites exhibit deep charge-carrier traps and spatial compositional and structural heterogeneity, all of which should be detrimental to performance. Here, we resolve this long-standing paradox by providing a global visualization of the nanoscale chemical, structural and optoelectronic landscape in halide perovskite devices, made possible through the development of a new suite of correlative, multimodal microscopy measurements combining quantitative optical spectroscopic techniques and synchrotron nanoprobe measurements. We show that compositional disorder dominates the optoelectronic response over a weaker influence of nanoscale strain variations even of large magnitude. Nanoscale compositional gradients drive carrier funnelling onto local regions associated with low electronic disorder, drawing carrier recombination away from trap clusters associated with electronic disorder and leading to high local photoluminescence quantum efficiency. These measurements reveal a global picture of the competitive nanoscale landscape, which endows enhanced defect tolerance in devices through spatial chemical disorder that outcompetes both electronic and structural disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Kieran W P Orr
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia E Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul D Quinn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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39
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Zanetta A, Andaji-Garmaroudi Z, Pirota V, Pica G, Kosasih FU, Gouda L, Frohna K, Ducati C, Doria F, Stranks SD, Grancini G. Manipulating Color Emission in 2D Hybrid Perovskites by Fine Tuning Halide Segregation: A Transparent Green Emitter. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2105942. [PMID: 34658076 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskite materials offer an ideal playground for easily tuning their color and, accordingly, the spectral range of their emitted light. In contrast to common procedures, this work demonstrates that halide substitution in Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites not only progressively modulates the bandgap, but it can also be a powerful tool to control the nanoscale phase segregation-by adjusting the halide ratio and therefore the spatial distribution of recombination centers. As a result, thin films of chloride-rich perovskite are engineered-which appear transparent to the human eye-with controlled tunable emission in the green. This is due to a rational halide substitution with iodide or bromide leading to a spatial distribution of phases where the minor component is responsible for the tunable emission, as identified by combined hyperspectral photoluminescence imaging and elemental mapping. This work paves the way for the next generation of highly tunable transparent emissive materials, which can be used as light-emitting pixels in advanced and low-cost optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zanetta
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Zahra Andaji-Garmaroudi
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Valentina Pirota
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Giovanni Pica
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Felix Utama Kosasih
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Laxman Gouda
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Caterina Ducati
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Filippo Doria
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, Pavia, 27100, Italy
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40
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Doherty TAS, Nagane S, Kubicki DJ, Jung YK, Johnstone DN, Iqbal AN, Guo D, Frohna K, Danaie M, Tennyson EM, Macpherson S, Abfalterer A, Anaya M, Chiang YH, Crout P, Ruggeri FS, Collins S, Grey CP, Walsh A, Midgley PA, Stranks SD. Stabilized tilted-octahedra halide perovskites inhibit local formation of performance-limiting phases. Science 2021; 374:1598-1605. [PMID: 34941391 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Satyawan Nagane
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young-Kwang Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dengyang Guo
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohsen Danaie
- Electron Physical Science Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Didcot, UK.,Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tennyson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phillip Crout
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Simone Ruggeri
- Laboratories of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sean Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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41
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Kosar S, Winchester AJ, Doherty TAS, Macpherson S, Petoukhoff CE, Frohna K, Anaya M, Chan NS, Madéo J, Man MKL, Stranks SD, Dani KM. Unraveling the varied nature and roles of defects in hybrid halide perovskites with time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy. Energy Environ Sci 2021; 14:6320-6328. [PMID: 35003331 PMCID: PMC8658252 DOI: 10.1039/d1ee02055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With rapidly growing photoconversion efficiencies, hybrid perovskite solar cells have emerged as promising contenders for next generation, low-cost photovoltaic technologies. Yet, the presence of nanoscale defect clusters, that form during the fabrication process, remains critical to overall device operation, including efficiency and long-term stability. To successfully deploy hybrid perovskites, we must understand the nature of the different types of defects, assess their potentially varied roles in device performance, and understand how they respond to passivation strategies. Here, by correlating photoemission and synchrotron-based scanning probe X-ray microscopies, we unveil three different types of defect clusters in state-of-the-art triple cation mixed halide perovskite thin films. Incorporating ultrafast time-resolution into our photoemission measurements, we show that defect clusters originating at grain boundaries are the most detrimental for photocarrier trapping, while lead iodide defect clusters are relatively benign. Hexagonal polytype defect clusters are only mildly detrimental individually, but can have a significant impact overall if abundant in occurrence. We also show that passivating defects with oxygen in the presence of light, a previously used approach to improve efficiency, has a varied impact on the different types of defects. Even with just mild oxygen treatment, the grain boundary defects are completely healed, while the lead iodide defects begin to show signs of chemical alteration. Our findings highlight the need for multi-pronged strategies tailored to selectively address the detrimental impact of the different defect types in hybrid perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiia Kosar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Nicholas S Chan
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Julien Madéo
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Michael K L Man
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
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42
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Krajewska CJ, Kavanagh SR, Zhang L, Kubicki DJ, Dey K, Gałkowski K, Grey CP, Stranks SD, Walsh A, Scanlon DO, Palgrave RG. Enhanced visible light absorption in layered Cs 3Bi 2Br 9 through mixed-valence Sn(ii)/Sn(iv) doping. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14686-14699. [PMID: 34820084 PMCID: PMC8597838 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead-free halides with perovskite-related structures, such as the vacancy-ordered perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9, are of interest for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. We find that addition of SnBr2 to the solution-phase synthesis of Cs3Bi2Br9 leads to substitution of up to 7% of the Bi(iii) ions by equal quantities of Sn(ii) and Sn(iv). The nature of the substitutional defects was studied by X-ray diffraction, 133Cs and 119Sn solid state NMR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The resulting mixed-valence compounds show intense visible and near infrared absorption due to intervalence charge transfer, as well as electronic transitions to and from localised Sn-based states within the band gap. Sn(ii) and Sn(iv) defects preferentially occupy neighbouring B-cation sites, forming a double-substitution complex. Unusually for a Sn(ii) compound, the material shows minimal changes in optical and structural properties after 12 months storage in air. Our calculations suggest the stabilisation of Sn(ii) within the double substitution complex contributes to this unusual stability. These results expand upon research on inorganic mixed-valent halides to a new, layered structure, and offer insights into the tuning, doping mechanisms, and structure-property relationships of lead-free vacancy-ordered perovskite structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Seán R Kavanagh
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK .,Thomas Young Centre, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW72AZ UK
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Krishanu Dey
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Krzysztof Gałkowski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK.,Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University 87-100 Toruń Poland.,Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW72AZ UK.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - David O Scanlon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK .,Thomas Young Centre, University College London Gower Street London WC1E 6BT UK.,Diamond Light Source Ltd. Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot Oxfordshire OX11 0DE UK
| | - Robert G Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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43
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Yuan S, Cui LS, Dai L, Liu Y, Liu QW, Sun YQ, Auras F, Anaya M, Zheng X, Ruggeri E, Yu YJ, Qu YK, Abdi-Jalebi M, Bakr OM, Wang ZK, Stranks SD, Greenham NC, Liao LS, Friend RH. Efficient and Spectrally Stable Blue Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Employing a Cationic π-Conjugated Polymer. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2103640. [PMID: 34558117 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite semiconductors have demonstrated remarkable potentials in solution-processed blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, the unsatisfied efficiency and spectral stability responsible for trap-mediated non-radiative losses and halide phase segregation remain the primary unsolved challenges for blue perovskite LEDs. In this study, it is reported that a fluorene-based π-conjugated cationic polymer can be blended with the perovskite semiconductor to control film formation and optoelectronic properties. As a result, sky-blue and true-blue perovskite LEDs with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.08, 0.22) and (0.12, 0.13) at the record external quantum efficiencies of 11.2% and 8.0% were achieved. In addition, the mixed halide perovskites with the conjugated cationic polymer exhibit excellent spectral stability under external bias. This result illustrates that π-conjugated cationic polymers have a great potential to realize efficient blue mixed-halide perovskite LEDs with stable electroluminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Lin-Song Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Yun Liu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qing-Wei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yu-Qi Sun
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Florian Auras
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Xiaopeng Zheng
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edoardo Ruggeri
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - You-Jun Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yang-Kun Qu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mojtaba Abdi-Jalebi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Shamsi
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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45
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Li Z, Bretscher H, Zhang Y, Delport G, Xiao J, Lee A, Stranks SD, Rao A. Mechanistic insight into the chemical treatments of monolayer transition metal disulfides for photoluminescence enhancement. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6044. [PMID: 34663820 PMCID: PMC8523741 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in obtaining high quality monolayer transition metal disulfides for optoelectronic applications. Surface treatments using a range of chemicals have proven effective to improve the photoluminescence yield of these materials. However, the underlying mechanism for the photoluminescence enhancement is not clear, which prevents a rational design of passivation strategies. Here, a simple and effective approach to significantly enhance the photoluminescence is demonstrated by using a family of cation donors, which we show to be much more effective than commonly used p-dopants. We develop a detailed mechanistic picture for the action of these cation donors and demonstrate that one of them, bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI), enhances the photoluminescence of both MoS2 and WS2 to a level double that of the currently best performing super-acid trifluoromethanesulfonimide (H-TFSI) treatment. In addition, the ionic salts used in our treatments are compatible with greener solvents and are easier to handle than super-acids, providing the possibility of performing treatments during device fabrication. This work sets up rational selection rules for ionic chemicals to passivate transition metal disulfides and increases their potential in practical optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Li
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hope Bretscher
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Géraud Delport
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Xiao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alpha Lee
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, CB3 0AS, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE, Cambridge, UK.
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46
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Liu D, Luo D, Iqbal AN, Orr KWP, Doherty TAS, Lu ZH, Stranks SD, Zhang W. Strain analysis and engineering in halide perovskite photovoltaics. Nat Mater 2021; 20:1337-1346. [PMID: 34531574 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a compelling candidate for the next generation of clean-energy-harvesting technologies owing to their low cost, facile fabrication and outstanding semiconductor properties. However, photovoltaic device efficiencies are still below practical limits and long-term stability challenges hinder their practical application. Current evidence suggests that strain in halide perovskites is a key factor in dictating device efficiency and stability. Here we outline the fundamentals of strain within halide perovskites relevant to photovoltaic applications and rationalize approaches to characterize the phenomenon. We examine recent breakthroughs in eliminating the adverse impacts of strain, enhancing both device efficiencies and operational stabilities. Finally, we discuss further challenges and outline future research directions for placing stress and strain studies at the forefront of halide perovskite research. An extensive understanding of strain in halide perovskites is needed, which would allow effective strain management and drive further enhancements in efficiencies and stabilities of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Liu
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Deying Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieran W P Orr
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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47
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Dey K, Roose B, Stranks SD. Optoelectronic Properties of Low-Bandgap Halide Perovskites for Solar Cell Applications. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102300. [PMID: 34432925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Riding on the coat tails of rapid developments in single-junction halide perovskite solar cells, all-perovskite multijunction solar cells have recently garnered significant attention, with the highest power-conversion efficiency already reaching 25.6%. Much of this progress has been fueled by the rapid rise in the photovoltaic performance of low-bandgap halide perovskite absorbers, materials, which, to date, have only been achievable by the partial or complete substitution of lead with tin. However, much room still exists to develop a more critical understanding of key material properties in these low-bandgap perovskites. Herein, the key optoelectronic properties of absorption, carrier generation, recombination, and transport in these tin-containing perovskites are discussed, showing that intrinsic doping distinctively impacts many of these properties, thereby rendering this class of halide perovskites unique within the family. Current understanding of the mechanisms that degrade optoelectronic performance in these materials and the corresponding devices are also summarized. These collective results highlight an important interplay between doping, defects, and degradation that will need to be controlled. Finally, the current gaps in understanding of these low-bandgap perovskites are outlined, thereby providing guidelines for further research, which will unlock their full potential for realizing a plethora of high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishanu Dey
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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48
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Moseley ODI, Doherty TAS, Parmee R, Anaya M, Stranks SD. Halide perovskites scintillators: unique promise and current limitations. J Mater Chem C Mater 2021; 9:11588-11604. [PMID: 34671480 PMCID: PMC8444306 DOI: 10.1039/d1tc01595h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of X- and gamma-rays in a range of sectors including healthcare, security and industrial screening is underpinned by the efficient detection of the ionising radiation. Such detector applications are dominated by indirect detectors in which a scintillating material is combined with a photodetector. Halide perovskites have recently emerged as an interesting class of semiconductors, showing enormous promise in optoelectronic applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes and photodetectors. Here, we discuss how the same superior semiconducting properties that have catalysed their rapid development in these optoelectronic devices, including high photon attenuation and fast and efficient emission properties, also make them promising scintillator materials. By outlining the key mechanisms of their operation as scintillators, we show why reports of remarkable performance have already emerged, and describe how further learning from other optoelectronic devices will propel forward their applications as scintillators. Finally, we outline where these materials can make the greatest impact in detector applications by maximally exploiting their unique properties, leading to dramatic improvements in existing detection systems or introducing entirely new functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D I Moseley
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Richard Parmee
- Cheyney Design and Development, Ltd., Litlington Cambridge SG8 0SS UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
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49
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Nagane S, Macpherson S, Hope MA, Kubicki DJ, Li W, Verma SD, Ferrer Orri J, Chiang YH, MacManus-Driscoll JL, Grey CP, Stranks SD. Tetrafluoroborate-Induced Reduction in Defect Density in Hybrid Perovskites through Halide Management. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102462. [PMID: 34219285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid-perovskite-based optoelectronic devices are demonstrating unprecedented growth in performance, and defect passivation approaches are highly promising routes to further improve properties. Here, the effect of the molecular ion BF4 - , introduced via methylammonium tetrafluoroborate (MABF4 ) in a surface treatment for MAPbI3 perovskite, is reported. Optical spectroscopy characterization shows that the introduction of tetrafluoroborate leads to reduced non-radiative charge-carrier recombination with a reduction in first-order recombination rate from 6.5 × 106 to 2.5 × 105 s-1 in BF4 - -treated samples, and a consequent increase in photoluminescence quantum yield by an order of magnitude (from 0.5 to 10.4%). 19 F, 11 B, and 14 N solid-state NMR is used to elucidate the atomic-level mechanism of the BF4 - additive-induced improvements, revealing that the BF4 - acts as a scavenger of excess MAI by forming MAI-MABF4 cocrystals. This shifts the equilibrium of iodide concentration in the perovskite phase, thereby reducing the concentration of interstitial iodide defects that act as deep traps and non-radiative recombination centers. These collective results allow us to elucidate the microscopic mechanism of action of BF4 - .
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyawan Nagane
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Michael A Hope
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Sachin Dev Verma
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jordi Ferrer Orri
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Judith L MacManus-Driscoll
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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50
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Dey A, Ye J, De A, Debroye E, Ha SK, Bladt E, Kshirsagar AS, Wang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Quan LN, Yan F, Gao M, Li X, Shamsi J, Debnath T, Cao M, Scheel MA, Kumar S, Steele JA, Gerhard M, Chouhan L, Xu K, Wu XG, Li Y, Zhang Y, Dutta A, Han C, Vincon I, Rogach AL, Nag A, Samanta A, Korgel BA, Shih CJ, Gamelin DR, Son DH, Zeng H, Zhong H, Sun H, Demir HV, Scheblykin IG, Mora-Seró I, Stolarczyk JK, Zhang JZ, Feldmann J, Hofkens J, Luther JM, Pérez-Prieto J, Li L, Manna L, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Roeffaers MBJ, Pradhan N, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Yang P, Müller-Buschbaum P, Kamat PV, Bao Q, Zhang Q, Krahne R, Galian RE, Stranks SD, Bals S, Biju V, Tisdale WA, Yan Y, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2021; 15:10775-10981. [PMID: 34137264 PMCID: PMC8482768 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.
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Grants
- from U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- European Research Council under the European Unionâ??s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION)
- Ministry of Education - Singapore
- FLAG-ERA JTC2019 project PeroGas.
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
- EPSRC
- iBOF funding
- Agencia Estatal de Investigaci�ón, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci�ón y Universidades
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Croucher Foundation
- US NSF
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Science Foundation
- Royal Society and Tata Group
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China
- Research 12210 Foundation?Flanders
- Japan International Cooperation Agency
- Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Project STABLE
- Generalitat Valenciana via Prometeo Grant Q-Devices
- VetenskapsrÃÂ¥det
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- KU Leuven
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Ministerio de EconomÃÂa y Competitividad
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Hercules Foundation
- China Association for Science and Technology
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- Welch Foundation
- Vlaamse regering
- European Commission
- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Dey
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Apurba De
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Kyun Ha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eva Bladt
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anuraj S. Kshirsagar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School
of
Science and Technology for Optoelectronic Information ,Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue Wang
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fei Yan
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Javad Shamsi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Manuel A. Scheel
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian A. Steele
- MACS Department
of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lata Chouhan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ke Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Multiscale
Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian-gang Wu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Yangning Zhang
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chuang Han
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Ilka Vincon
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Anunay Samanta
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel R. Gamelin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Handong Sun
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics,
UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Jacek K. Stolarczyk
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Z. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Luther
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Liang Li
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Narayan Pradhan
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis
Center, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Notre Dame
Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence
in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Raquel E. Galian
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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