1
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Lin QXX, Rajagopalan D, Gamage AM, Tan LM, Venkatesh PN, Chan WOY, Kumar D, Agrawal R, Chen Y, Fong SW, Singh A, Sun LJ, Tan SY, Chai LYA, Somani J, Lee B, Renia L, Ng LFP, Ramanathan K, Wang LF, Young B, Lye D, Singhal A, Prabhakar S. Longitudinal single cell atlas identifies complex temporal relationship between type I interferon response and COVID-19 severity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:567. [PMID: 38238298 PMCID: PMC10796319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44524-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to the paucity of longitudinal molecular studies of COVID-19, particularly those covering the early stages of infection (Days 1-8 symptom onset), our understanding of host response over the disease course is limited. We perform longitudinal single cell RNA-seq on 286 blood samples from 108 age- and sex-matched COVID-19 patients, including 73 with early samples. We examine discrete cell subtypes and continuous cell states longitudinally, and we identify upregulation of type I IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) as the predominant early signature of subsequent worsening of symptoms, which we validate in an independent cohort and corroborate by plasma markers. However, ISG expression is dynamic in progressors, spiking early and then rapidly receding to the level of severity-matched non-progressors. In contrast, cross-sectional analysis shows that ISG expression is deficient and IFN suppressors such as SOCS3 are upregulated in severe and critical COVID-19. We validate the latter in four independent cohorts, and SOCS3 inhibition reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In summary, we identify complexity in type I IFN response to COVID-19, as well as a potential avenue for host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy Xiao Xuan Lin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Deepa Rajagopalan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Akshamal M Gamage
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Le Min Tan
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Prasanna Nori Venkatesh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Wharton O Y Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Ragini Agrawal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Yao Chen
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Louisa J Sun
- Alexandra Hospital, Singapore, 159964, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Jyoti Somani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Kollengode Ramanathan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
- SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, 168753, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Young
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious diseases, Singapore, 308442, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - David Lye
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 636921, Singapore
- National Centre for Infectious diseases, Singapore, 308442, Singapore
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Amit Singhal
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), A*STAR, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Data Analytics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
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Loh EDW, Huang W, Sultana R, Kong SC, Tan SY, Chin CWL, Yeo KK. Predictors of left ventricular mass and coronary artery calcium phenotypes. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): National Medical Research Council, Ministry of Health, Singapore and the Lee Foundation
Background
Left ventricular (LV) mass and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) are both independent predictors of cardiovascular risk. There is paucity of data on the interplay of risk factors on LV mass in the presence or absence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Purpose
The objective of this present study was to explore the relationship of risk factors to indexed LV mass and CACS in a healthy Southeast-Asian population.
Methods
This study recruited volunteers with no known cardiovascular disease. LV mass, measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance, was indexed to body surface area (LVMI), and CACS determined by non-contrast CT scanning. Blood pressure (BP) was measured via both office and ambulatory monitoring, and physical activity assessed through wearable devices. Analysis of LVMI was stratified into high, normal and low defined as more than one standard deviation away from the mean for each sex, with inter-group differences evaluated using chi-squared or ANOVA statistical tests. Subjects in each LVMI group were further subdivided by the presence and absence of coronary calcification (total 6 subgroups; LVMI/CACS phenotypes).
Results
A total of 880 subjects were included, including 428 males and 452 females. There was no significant difference in prevalence of coronary calcification across the LVMI groups for males, while females with high LVMI had significantly greater proportion of positive CACS (p = 0.036). Higher LVMI was observed in younger male subjects, but not in females.
In both sexes, body mass index was positively associated with LVMI (p = 0.004 for males, p = 0.037 for females), but not CACS. Waist circumference was associated with higher LVMI in males only.
Greater amounts of weekly self-reported exercise (p = 0.006) and daily calories burned (p = 0.022) were associated with increased LVMI for males only. However, wearable-derived measures of daily physical activity and step counts did not significantly affect LVMI or LVMI/CACS phenotypes in both sexes.
BP was a strong predictor of LVMI in both sexes regardless of office or ambulatory readings, in both day and night-time. The association was also observed with LVMI/CACS phenotypes: higher systolic or diastolic BP was significantly associated with positive CACS across all risk groups. Notably, subjects with low LVMI and positive CACS were normotensive (office BP 129/82 for males, 123/77 for females).
Higher HDL cholesterol levels correlated to absence of coronary calcification in males only (p = 0.010). In females, lower levels of total (p = 0.001) and LDL (p = 0.005) cholesterol were associated with absence of coronary calcification across all LVMI categories.
Conclusion
Only BP was strongly associated with LVMI and LVMI/CACS phenotypes in both sexes. There appears to be no correlation between physical activity and LVMI/CACS phenotypes. There is a need for causative studies to better evaluate the varying influence of risk factors on LVMI and CACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D W Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W Huang
- National Heart Centre Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - R Sultana
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S C Kong
- National Heart Centre Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Y Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - C W L Chin
- National Heart Centre Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K K Yeo
- National Heart Centre Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
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3
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Cheng N, Tan EWP, Leng S, Baskaran L, Teo L, Yew MS, Singh M, Huang WM, Chan MYY, Ngiam KY, Vaughan R, Chua T, Tan SY, Lee HK, Zhong L. Machine learning accurately quantifies epicardial adipose tissue from non-contrast CT images in coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac779.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Industry Alignment Fund – Pre-positioning Programme
Background
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is the visceral fat deposit within the pericardium that surrounds the heart and the coronary arteries. EAT volume measured from non-contrast CT (NCCT) has been demonstrated to be significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular risk,1 particularly in patients with coronary artery disease.2 However, routine measurement of EAT volume is still challenging in clinical practice, as it is a tedious manual process and prone to human error.
Purpose
We aimed to develop a fully automated AI toolkit (i.e., AI EAT) for the quantification of EAT from routine NCCT scans and assess its performance in reference to clinical ground truth.
Methods
This is a multicenter study which performs CT scans in 5000 Asian Admixture patients (APOLLO study NCT05509010). In the current stage of this study, NCCT data analysis were conducted in 551 patients with 26,037 images. AI EAT was developed via a novel deep learning framework using an ensemble region-based UNet. The region-based UNet uses 2 component UNet models to perform segmentation of pericardium at the apex region and non-apex region (middle and basal). EAT volume was obtained by automated thresholding of the voxels (-190 to -30 Hounsfield Unit) within the pericardium (Figure 1). The network was trained in 501 patients with 23,712 NCCT images and tested in 50 patients with 2,325 NCCT images. The performance of AI EAT was evaluated with respect to clinical ground truth using Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), Pearson correlation, and Bland-Altman analysis.
Results
The AI EAT quantification process took less than 10 seconds per subject, compared with 20-30 minutes for expert readers. Compared to clinical ground truth, our AI EAT achieved a DSC of 0.96±0.01 and 0.91±0.02 for pericardium and EAT segmentations, respectively. There was strong agreement between the AI EAT and clinical ground truth in deriving the EAT volume (r=0.99, P<0.001) with minimal error of 7±5%.
Conclusion
End-to-end deep learning system accurately quantifies epicardial adipose tissue in standard NCCT images without manual segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - E W P Tan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Leng
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L Baskaran
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L Teo
- National University Hospital; National University of Singapore, Department of Diagnostic Imaging; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M S Yew
- Tan Tock Seng Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Singh
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - W M Huang
- Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - M Y Y Chan
- National University Heart Centre; National University of Singapore, Department of Cardiology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - K Y Ngiam
- National University Hospital; National University of Singapore; National University Health System, Department of Surgery; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , Singapore , Singapore
| | - R Vaughan
- Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - T Chua
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - S Y Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
| | - H K Lee
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR , Singapore , Singapore
| | - L Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School , Singapore , Singapore
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Goh YS, Fong SW, Hor PX, Amrun SN, Lee CYP, Young BE, Chia PY, Tambyah PA, Kalimuddin S, Pada S, Tan SY, Sun LJ, Chen MIC, Leo YS, Lye DC, Ng LFP, Renia L. Conserved longitudinal alterations of anti-S-protein IgG subclasses in disease progression in initial ancestral Wuhan and vaccine breakthrough Delta infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043049. [PMID: 36483199 PMCID: PMC9723332 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 has a wide disease spectrum ranging from asymptomatic to severe. While humoral immune responses are critical in preventing infection, the immune mechanisms leading to severe disease, and the identification of biomarkers of disease progression and/or resolution of the infection remains to be determined. METHODS Plasma samples were obtained from infections during the initial wave of ancestral wildtype SARS-CoV-2 and from vaccine breakthrough infections during the wave of Delta variant, up to six months post infection. The spike-specific antibody profiles were compared across different severity groups and timepoints. RESULTS We found an association between spike-specific IgM, IgA and IgG and disease severity in unvaccinated infected individuals. In addition to strong IgG1 and IgG3 response, patients with severe disease develop a robust IgG2 and IgG4 response. A comparison of the ratio of IgG1 and IgG3 to IgG2 and IgG4 showed that disease progression is associated with a smaller ratio in both the initial wave of WT and the vaccine breakthrough Delta infections. Time-course analysis revealed that smaller (IgG1 and IgG3)/(IgG2 and IgG4) ratio is associated with disease progression, while the reverse associates with clinical recovery. DISCUSSION While each IgG subclass is associated with disease severity, the balance within the four IgG subclasses may affect disease outcome. Acute disease progression or infection resolution is associated with a specific immunological phenotype that is conserved in both the initial wave of WT and the vaccine breakthrough Delta infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shan Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Po Ying Chia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A. Tambyah
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Infectious Diseases, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Surinder Pada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ng Teng Fong Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Mark I-Cheng Chen
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C. Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Laurent Renia,
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5
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Tian T, Liao XC, Zhang M, Wu XM, Guo YT, Tan SY. [Effects of celastrol on autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:656-662. [PMID: 36038329 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20210817-00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of celastrol (CEL) on autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in a mouse model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Eighteen male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC, n=6), high-fat diet (HFD, n=6) and celastrol group (HFD+CEL, n=6). The normal control group was fed with regular diet, and the high-fat diet and celastrol group were fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks. After successful modeling, celastrol group were injected with 100 μg⋅kg-1⋅d-1 celastrol intraperitoneally for 4 weeks, and NC and HFD group were injected intraperitoneally with the same doses of normal saline. Serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured in mouse after 4-weeks of intervention. HE and Oil Red O staining were used to observe the pathomorphological changes and lipid droplet deposition in mouse liver, and the findings were scored according to NAFLD activity score (NAS). Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of liver microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), P62, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), phosphorylated PERK (p-PERK), activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), cleaved Caspase-3(cleaved caspase-3), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax).TUNEL staining was used to observe the apoptosis of hepatocytes. One-way analysis of variance was used for the intergroup comparison. Results: Serum levels of ALT (68.71±8.57) U/L, AST (209.63±28.64) U/L, TG (0.97±0.14) mmol/L, TC (4.12±0.64) mmol/L, and LDL -C (0.40±0.06) mmol/L were lower in celastrol group mouse than HFD group [(110.19±10.79) U/L, (399.72±73.47) U/L, (1.44±0.13) mmol/L, (5.65±0.54) mmol /L, (0.61±0.07) mmol/L] (P<0.05); while the serum HDL-C level (1.29±0.17) mmol/L was higher in celastrol than HFD group (0.72±0.13) mmol/L (P<0.05). HE and Oil Red O staining showed that lipid deposition and intralobular inflammation were apparent in the liver tissue of HFD group mouse, and the NAS score was significantly increased, while the hepatocyte steatosis and intralobular inflammation were alleviated after celastrol intervention, and the NAS score was decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with HFD group, the ratio of LC3II/I was significantly increased in the liver of celastrol group mouse, and the P62 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of GRP78, p-PERK/PERK , ATF4, and CHOP was significantly lower in celastrol than HFD group (P<0.05). In addition, the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were significantly lower in celastrol than HFD group, and the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased (P<0.05). At the same time, the apoptosis rate of hepatocytes was also significantly lower in celastrol than HFD group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Celastrol can effectively alleviate the lipid deposition, protect hepatocytes and delay the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mouse liver with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In addition, its mechanism of action may be related to the induction of autophagy, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress PERK/ATF4/CHOP pathway and its mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - X C Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - X M Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Y T Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University & Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive Disease, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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6
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Wong CJ, Choo HMC, Baskaran L, Koh NSY, Huang Z, Chua TSJ, Tan SY, Huang W. Prevalence and distribution of coronary artery calcium in a southeast asian cohort. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
The coronary artery calcium score (CACS) independently predicts the risk of cardiovascular disease and major adverse cardiovascular events. While previous studies have demonstrated regional and ethnic differences in coronary calcification, the distribution of CACS in Southeast Asian (SEA) adults has not been investigated.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine CACS distribution in a SEA cohort living in Singapore.
Methods
This study involved 4945 asymptomatic patients who underwent CT coronary angiography and calcium scoring as part of screening for cardiovascular disease. Similar to the MESA study, patients with diabetes were analyzed separately due an increased prevalence of coronary calcification. A nonparametric analytical approach was used to determine CACS distribution stratified by age, gender and ethnicity.
Results
A positive CACS was seen in 43.7% of the overall SEA cohort with a higher prevalence in males (45.2%) than females (36.7%). The onset and burden of coronary calcification was also earlier and more severe in male subjects. There were no significant differences in CACS distribution amongst the three major ethnic groups in our study (p = 0.177). The presence of coronary calcification (CACS >0) was associated with increasing age, male gender and hypertension. Ethnicity, dyslipidemia, smoking and a family history of coronary artery disease did not significantly affect the presence of CACS.
Conclusions
This study provides a reference CACS distribution in an asymptomatic SEA population. There were no significant differences in CACS distribution amongst the three major ethnic groups living in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Wong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H M C Choo
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Baskaran
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N S Y Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Z Huang
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - T S J Chua
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Y Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Huang
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Tay MZ, Rouers A, Fong SW, Goh YS, Chan YH, Chang ZW, Xu W, Tan CW, Chia WN, Torres-Ruesta A, Amrun SN, Huang Y, Hor PX, Loh CY, Yeo NKW, Wang B, Ngoh EZX, Salleh SNM, Chavatte JM, Lim AJ, Maurer-Stroh S, Wang LF, Lin RT, Wang CI, Tan SY, Young BE, Leo YS, Lye DC, Renia L, Ng LFP. Decreased memory B cells frequencies in COVID-19 Delta variant vaccine breakthrough infection. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e15227. [PMID: 34994081 PMCID: PMC8899913 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 Delta (B.1.617.2) variant is capable of infecting vaccinated persons. An open question remains as to whether deficiencies in specific vaccine‐elicited immune responses result in susceptibility to vaccine breakthrough infection. We investigated 55 vaccine breakthrough infection cases (mostly Delta) in Singapore, comparing them against 86 vaccinated close contacts who did not contract infection. Vaccine breakthrough cases showed lower memory B cell frequencies against SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor‐binding domain (RBD). Compared to plasma antibodies, antibodies secreted by memory B cells retained a higher fraction of neutralizing properties against the Delta variant. Inflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β and TNF were lower in vaccine breakthrough infections than primary infection of similar disease severity, underscoring the usefulness of vaccination in preventing inflammation. This report highlights the importance of memory B cells against vaccine breakthrough and suggests that lower memory B cell levels may be a correlate of risk for Delta vaccine breakthrough infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zirui Tay
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,These authors contributed equally, Matthew Zirui Tay Angeline Rouers
| | - Angeline Rouers
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,These authors contributed equally, Matthew Zirui Tay Angeline Rouers
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Chee Wah Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Ni Chia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yuling Huang
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Alicia Jieling Lim
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.,National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore
| | | | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond Tp Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, A*STAR, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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8
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Lim J, Puan KJ, Wang LW, Teng KWW, Loh CY, Tan KP, Carissimo G, Chan YH, Poh CM, Lee CYP, Fong SW, Yeo NKW, Chee RSL, Amrun SN, Chang ZW, Tay MZ, Torres-Ruesta A, Leo Fernandez N, How W, Andiappan AK, Lee W, Duan K, Tan SY, Yan G, Kalimuddin S, Lye DC, Leo YS, Ong SWX, Young BE, Renia L, Ng LFP, Lee B, Rötzschke O. Data-Driven Analysis of COVID-19 Reveals Persistent Immune Abnormalities in Convalescent Severe Individuals. Front Immunol 2021; 12:710217. [PMID: 34867943 PMCID: PMC8640498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger uncontrolled innate and adaptive immune responses, which are commonly associated with lymphopenia and increased neutrophil counts. However, whether the immune abnormalities observed in mild to severely infected patients persist into convalescence remains unclear. Herein, comparisons were drawn between the immune responses of COVID-19 infected and convalescent adults. Strikingly, survivors of severe COVID-19 had decreased proportions of NKT and Vδ2 T cells, and increased proportions of low-density neutrophils, IgA+/CD86+/CD123+ non-classical monocytes and hyperactivated HLADR+CD38+ CD8+ T cells, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor A, long after virus clearance. Our study suggests potential immune correlates of "long COVID-19", and defines key cells and cytokines that delineate true and quasi-convalescent states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackwee Lim
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Wei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karen Wei Weng Teng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Peng Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chek Meng Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Zirui Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Norman Leo Fernandez
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wilson How
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand Kumar Andiappan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wendy Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kaibo Duan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabriel Yan
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sean W. X. Ong
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E. Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F. P. Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR Infectious Disease Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Olaf Rötzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Wang B, Goh YS, Prince T, Ngoh EZX, Salleh SNM, Hor PX, Loh CY, Fong SW, Hartley C, Tan SY, Young BE, Leo YS, Lye DC, Maurer-Stroh S, Ng LFP, Hiscox JA, Renia L, Wang CI. Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to neutralization by convalescent plasma from early COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:125. [PMID: 34697298 PMCID: PMC8546091 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid spreading of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 originated from the United Kingdom and B.1.351 from South Africa has contributed to the second wave of COVID-19 cases in the respective countries and also around the world. In this study, we employed advanced biochemical and virological methodologies to evaluate the impact of Spike mutations of these strains on the degree of protection afforded by humoral immune responses following natural infection of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain during the early stages of the outbreak. We found that antibody-mediated neutralization activity was partially reduced for B.1.1.7 variant and significantly attenuated for the B.1.351 strain. We also found that mutations outside the receptor-binding domain (RBD) can strongly influence antibody binding and neutralization, cautioning the use of solely RBD mutations in evaluating vaccine efficacy. These findings highlight an urgent need to develop new SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are not based exclusively on the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 Spike gene sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tessa Prince
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
| | - Eve Zi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siti Nazihah Mohd Salleh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiew Yee Loh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Wai Fong
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Catherine Hartley
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laurent Renia
- A*STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Yang S, Tan SY, Chen S. [Research progress on the effect of selective autophagy receptor p62 on fibrotic diseases]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:797-800. [PMID: 34727668 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20201218-00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Selective autophagy keeps cell homeostasis by degrading aggregated proteins, damaged or over-abundant organelles, and other cytoplasmic substances. The maintenance of its normal function needs to ensure that the autophagy receptor can effectively recognize and isolate undegraded substances. As an important autophagy receptor protein, p62 participates in the process of selective autophagy by mediating multiple signaling pathways. Fibrosis is a pathological feature of most chronic inflammatory diseases. When fibrosis develops for a long time, it will cause substantial scar formation and eventually lead to cell dysfunction and organ failure. The accumulation, overexpression and ectopic expression of p62 can aggravate the occurrence and development of lung, liver and kidney fibrosis diseases. Therefore, it is very critical to explore the effect of selective autophagy receptor p62 on fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - S Y Tan
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
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11
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Tan SY, Zou H, Yang C, Chen G, Chen S. [The study of the impact by atractylenolide-1 on inflammatory cytokine, autophagy and apoptosis in alveolar macrophages of silicosis patients]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2021; 39:721-725. [PMID: 34727650 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20200601-00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the effect of atractylenolide-1 (ATL-Ⅰ) on alveolar macrophages in silicosis patients. Methods: In December 2019, 12 male silicosis patients treated in Beidaihe Sanatorium for Chinese Coal Miners from July to September 2019 were selected by random sampling. Their alveolar macrophages were collected and divided into control group, ATL-Ⅰ group (100 μmol/L) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group (100 μmol/L) . The exprossion levels of inflammatory factor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) , interleukin-6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of autophagy associated protein microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) , autophagy substrate protein p62, lysosome associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2) , apoptosis associated protein Cleaved caspase-3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and its phosphorylated form (p-NF-κB) were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group and DMSO group, the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in alveolar macrophages decreased significantly in the ATL-Ⅰ group (P<0.05) , and the expression levels of p-NF-κB, the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ also decreased significantly in the ATL-Ⅰ group (P<0.05) . However, the expression levels of NF-κB, LAMP2, p62 and Cleaved caspase-3 in the ATL-Ⅰ group were not statistically different from those in the control group and DMSO group (P>0.05) . There was no statistically significant differences in the expression of the above indexes between the control group and DMSO group (P>0.05) . Conclusion: ATL-Ⅰ may reduce the release of inflammatory factors from alveolar macrophages and inhibit the activity of autophagy in silicosis patients, but it may not reduce the level of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - H Zou
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - C Yang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - G Chen
- Beidaihe Sanatorium for Chinese Coal Miners, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - S Chen
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
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12
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Wang J, Fu Y, Lou V, Tan SY, Chui E. A systematic review of factors influencing attitudes towards and intention to use the long-distance caregiving technologies for older adults. Int J Med Inform 2021; 153:104536. [PMID: 34325206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-distance caregiving (LDC) technologies play a significant role in enabling distant care and facilitating living-alone older adults to keep socially connected. However, there is scarce research exploring the older adults' attitudes towards and intention to use such technologies. This paper is based on a systematic review of existing literature to explore the multifarious factors influencing independent community-living older adults' attitudes towards and intention to use LDC technologies. METHODS Articles published in English between 2006 and 2020 were reviewed by searching electronic databases of PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOhost. The inclusion criteria were limited to quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-methods studies that involved: 1) distant caregiving; 2) older adults aged 60 years or above, who were living alone or with only their spouse in the community (even though the samples might also involve other non-older adults); 3) technologies including ICT-based devices, systems, or programs enabling data transmission were used; 4), intention to use or behavioral usage in regard to the technologies were reported or discussed. RESULTS In total, 41 out of 8674 articles were included. Both determinants and moderators of affecting the use of the ICT-based LDC technologies were identified with theoretical guidance. To summarize, there are personal factors involved, such as personality, concerns regarding security and privacy, health conditions, requisite knowledge, financial conditions, and influence from significant others, encompassing formal and informal caregivers; and factors related to the devices, in terms of their user-friendliness and functionality. CONCLUSION This review highlights the importance of striking a good balance between functionality and privacy concerns, besides considering the direct and indirect cost to users. LDC technology education should be promoted at the societal level to facilitate older adults' better understanding of the device utilities by enhancing their technological literacy. Implications for various stakeholders to cope with the challenges of an aging population are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Y Fu
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, North Main Building 2003, 19 Xinjiekou Wai St., Beijing 100875, China.
| | - V Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Sau Po Centre on Ageing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - S Y Tan
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore, 469C Bukit Timah Road, Singapore 259772, Singapore.
| | - E Chui
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
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13
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Chan YH, Young BE, Fong SW, Ding Y, Goh YS, Chee RSL, Tan SY, Kalimuddin S, Tambyah PA, Leo YS, Ng LFP, Lye DC, Renia L. Differential Cytokine Responses in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Limit Efficacy of Remdesivir. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680188. [PMID: 34262564 PMCID: PMC8275132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients will progress to critical illness requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. This accentuates the need for a therapy that can reduce the severity of COVID-19. Clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of remdesivir in shortening recovery time and decreasing progression to respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation. However, some studies have highlighted its lack of efficacy in patients on high-flow oxygen and mechanical ventilation. This study uncovers some underlying immune response differences between responders and non-responders to remdesivir treatment. Immunological analyses revealed an upregulation of tissue repair factors BDNF, PDGF-BB and PIGF-1, as well as an increase in ratio of Th2-associated cytokine IL-4 to Th1-associated cytokine IFN-γ. Serological profiling of IgG subclasses corroborated this observation, with significantly higher magnitude of increase in Th2-associated IgG2 and IgG4 responses. These findings help to identify the mechanisms of immune regulation accompanying successful remdesivir treatment in severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hao Chan
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Ding
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Shan Goh
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Emerging Infectious Diseases Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David Chien Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- ASTAR Infectious Diseases Labs (A*STAR ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Tan SY, Kuganesan A, Buchan K, Lau KK. Iterative Model Reconstruction in Lumbar Spine Image Retrieval from Computed Tomography of the Abdomen and Pelvis. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2117150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- SY Tan
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Kuganesan
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Buchan
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - KK Lau
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Chioh FW, Fong SW, Young BE, Wu KX, Siau A, Krishnan S, Chan YH, Carissimo G, Teo LL, Gao F, Tan RS, Zhong L, Koh AS, Tan SY, Tambyah PA, Renia L, Ng LF, Lye DC, Cheung C. Convalescent COVID-19 patients are susceptible to endothelial dysfunction due to persistent immune activation. eLife 2021; 10:64909. [PMID: 33752798 PMCID: PMC7987341 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous reports of vascular events after an initial recovery from COVID-19 form our impetus to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on vascular health of recovered patients. We found elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), a biomarker of vascular injury, in COVID-19 convalescents compared to healthy controls. In particular, those with pre-existing conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes) had more pronounced endothelial activation hallmarks than non-COVID-19 patients with matched cardiovascular risk. Several proinflammatory and activated T lymphocyte-associated cytokines sustained from acute infection to recovery phase, which correlated positively with CEC measures, implicating cytokine-driven endothelial dysfunction. Notably, we found higher frequency of effector T cells in our COVID-19 convalescents compared to healthy controls. The activation markers detected on CECs mapped to counter receptors found primarily on cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, raising the possibility of cytotoxic effector cells targeting activated endothelial cells. Clinical trials in preventive therapy for post-COVID-19 vascular complications may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Wj Chioh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barnaby E Young
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kan-Xing Wu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anthony Siau
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, ANA Futura, Campus Flemingsberg, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yi-Hao Chan
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Ly Teo
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Gao
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru San Tan
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Zhong
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela S Koh
- National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A Tambyah
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa Fp Ng
- A*STAR ID Labs, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,National Centre for Infectious Diseases, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Gan CC, Jalalonmuhali M, Nordin NZ, Abdul Wahab MZ, Yahya R, Ng KP, Tan SY, Lim SK. ABO-Incompatible Living-Donor Kidney Transplantation in a Developing Country: A Multicenter Experience in Malaysia. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:856-864. [PMID: 33487455 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Malaysia has a low deceased-donor donation rate and has not embarked on a paired kidney exchange program; therefore, ABO-incompatible and HLA-incompatible transplantation remain the main contributor to the sustainability of the national kidney transplantation (KT) program. There were 26 cases of ABO-incompatible KTs performed from 2011 to 2018 in 3 major transplant centers, namely, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, University Malaya Medical Centre, and Prince Court Medical Centre. We collected perioperative and follow-up data through June 2019. The desensitization protocol varies and is center specific: the localized Japanese protocol and Swedish protocol with a target anti-A/B isoagglutinin titer of 16 or 32 on the day of transplant. The induction and tacrolimus-based maintenance protocol was nearly identical. The median follow-up time was 62.3 months (interquartile range, 37.0-79.7). Fifteen subjects had the highest predesensitization anti-A/B titer of ≥32 (57.7%). The acute cellular rejection and antibody-mediated rejection incidence were 12.5% (3 cases) and 8.3% (2 cases), respectively. Patient, graft, and death-censored graft survival rates were 96.2%, 92.3%, and 96.0%, respectively, 1 year post-living-donor KT (LDKT) and 96.2%, 87.2%, and 90.7%, respectively, 5 years post-LDKT. Our experience shows that ABO-incompatible LDKT using a suitable desensitization technique could be a safe and feasible choice for LDKT even with varied desensitization regimens for recipients with relatively high baseline isoagglutinin titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Gan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Jalalonmuhali
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - N Z Nordin
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Z Abdul Wahab
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - R Yahya
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K P Ng
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Nephrology, Prince Court Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S K Lim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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17
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Goh YS, Chavatte JM, Lim Jieling A, Lee B, Hor PX, Amrun SN, Lee CYP, Chee RSL, Wang B, Lee CY, Ngoh EZX, Wang CI, Young BE, Tambyah PA, Kalimuddin S, Pada S, Tan SY, Sun LJ, Chen MIC, Leo YS, Lye DC, Ng LFP, Lin RTP, Renia L. Sensitive detection of total anti-Spike antibodies and isotype switching in asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals with COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100193. [PMID: 33495757 PMCID: PMC7816583 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of infection is crucial to limit the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here we develop a flow cytometry-based assay to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) protein antibodies in individuals with COVID-19. The assay detects specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG in individuals with COVID-19 and also acquisition of all IgG subclasses, with IgG1 being the most dominant. The antibody response is significantly higher at a later stage of infection. Furthermore, asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 also develop specific IgM, IgA, and IgG, with IgG1 being the most dominant subclass. Although the antibody levels are lower in asymptomatic infection, the assay is highly sensitive and detects 97% of asymptomatic infections. These findings demonstrate that the assay can be used for serological analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic infections, which may otherwise remain undetected. Flow cytometry assay detects specific antibodies in symptomatic individuals with COVID-19 Asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 also develop specific antibodies IgG1 is the dominant IgG subclass in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals The assay is highly sensitive and detects 97% of asymptomatic infections
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shan Goh
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Jean-Marc Chavatte
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - Alicia Lim Jieling
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore
| | - Bernett Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Pei Xiang Hor
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Chia Yin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Eve Zhi Xian Ngoh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Paul A Tambyah
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 31 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore 168753, Singapore.,Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Surinder Pada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ng Teng Fong Hospital, 1 Jurong East Street 21, Singapore 609606, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore 529889, Singapore
| | - Louisa Jin Sun
- Alexandra Hospital, 378 Alexandra Road, Singapore 159964, Singapore
| | - Mark I-Cheng Chen
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore.,National Institute of Health Research, Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Raymond Tzer Pin Lin
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308442, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Infectious Diseases Laboratories (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore 138648, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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18
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Chen PR, Tan SY. [The clinical characteristics of 89 cases of non-tuberculous mycobacterium pulmonary disease complicated with tracheobronchial lesions]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2020; 43:947-952. [PMID: 33137861 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200309-00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterium(NTM) pulmonary disease complicated with tracheobronchial lesions. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2018, there were 1 006 patients who were admitted to Guangzhou Chest Hospital for the first time and received examination by bronchoscopy. A total of 89 patients with complete data were selected, including 40 males and 49 females, aged 20 to 85 years, with 46 patients (52%) aged 60 years or older. The clinical symptoms and signs of the patients were analyzed with chest imaging, bronchoscopy and pathological examination results. Comparisons between groups were made by Chi-square test and t test. Results: The number of patients with NTM complicated with tracheobronchial lesions accounted for 8.9%(89/1 006) of those hospitalized with NTM and received bronchoscopy during the same period. Clinical symptoms included cough and sputum (89/89), different degrees of hemoptysis or blood sputum (52/89), and shortness of breath (50/89). Chest CT showed that 72 cases (72/89, 81%) had lung lesions involving more than 3 lung fields, and 83 cases (93%) had bronchiectasis and 63 cases (63/89, 71%) with cavities. Pulmonary atelectasis was shown in 45 cases (45/89, 51%). By bronchoscopy, 39 cases (39/89, 44%) were diagnosed as tuberculous lesions involving bilateral upper bronchi, while lesions of the right lower bronchus was found in 27 cases (27/89, 30%).The percentage of patients with multilobar bronchial involvement was 50.6%(45/89). The morphological characteristics of the bronchial lesions included scar stenosis or atresia in 63 cases (63/89, 71%), hyperemia and edema in 46 cases (46/89, 52%), and multiple types of lesions in 48 cases (48/89, 54%). Conclusions: Patients with NTM lung disease complicated with tracheobronchial inflammatory lesions did not have specific manifestations clinically. Lung lesions are extensive, often accompanied by bronchiectasis and cavity formation. Endoscopic changes were mostly manifested as multilobar tracheobronchial involvement characterized by scar stenosis, congestion and edema, mainly involving bilateral upper bronchi and the right lower bronchus.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,Department of Tuberculosis in Guangzhou Chest Hospital,Guangzhou 510095,China
| | - S Y Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,Department of Tuberculosis in Guangzhou Chest Hospital,Guangzhou 510095,China
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19
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Tan SY, Leong WH, Ong LH, Mohd-Amin MZ. A Cost-Effective Alternative for Lateral Femoral Wall Perforation in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction: A Case Report. Malays Orthop J 2020; 14:138-140. [PMID: 32983390 PMCID: PMC7513645 DOI: 10.5704/moj.2007.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lateral femoral wall perforation is a rare intra-operative complication in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. However, it can be challenging to manage if it occurs. We share our experience on lateral femoral wall perforation managed by a large fragment washer. A 25-year-old man with right ACL injury presented with knee instability despite physiotherapy. Anterior drawer test (ADT) and Lachman test were grade 3, glide on pivot shift was positive. During ACL reconstruction, the lateral femoral wall was perforated. Due to unavailability of the rescue endobutton and budget constraint, we passed the endobutton through a washer and allowed it to sit on the washer over the lateral femoral wall. ADT and Lachman test on post-operative 6, 12 and 24 weeks were grade 1, with a negative pivot shift test. Lysholm knee score improved from 69 pre-operatively to 98 post-operatively. Conventionally, lateral femoral wall perforation can be managed by rescue endobutton, or screw and washer post technique. As this complication is rare, the rescue endobutton may not be available at all times, and the cost of the implant is also another important factor to consider. A washer can be used as an alternative technique to manage lateral femoral wall perforation in ACL reconstruction as it is not only cost-effective but also provides stable fixation with good functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - W H Leong
- Department of Orthopaedic, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - L H Ong
- Department of Orthopaedic, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia
| | - M Z Mohd-Amin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kuching, Malaysia
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- Department of Medicine, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - C F Chong
- Department of Surgery, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
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21
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Poh CM, Carissimo G, Wang B, Amrun SN, Lee CYP, Chee RSL, Fong SW, Yeo NKW, Lee WH, Torres-Ruesta A, Leo YS, Chen MIC, Tan SY, Chai LYA, Kalimuddin S, Kheng SSG, Thien SY, Young BE, Lye DC, Hanson BJ, Wang CI, Renia L, Ng LFP. Two linear epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicit neutralising antibodies in COVID-19 patients. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2806. [PMID: 32483236 PMCID: PMC7264175 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, identification of immunogenic targets against the coronavirus spike glycoprotein will provide crucial advances towards the development of sensitive diagnostic tools and potential vaccine candidate targets. In this study, using pools of overlapping linear B-cell peptides, we report two IgG immunodominant regions on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein that are recognised by sera from COVID-19 convalescent patients. Notably, one is specific to SARS-CoV-2, which is located in close proximity to the receptor binding domain. The other region, which is localised at the fusion peptide, could potentially function as a pan-SARS target. Functionally, antibody depletion assays demonstrate that antibodies targeting these immunodominant regions significantly alter virus neutralisation capacities. Taken together, identification and validation of these neutralising B-cell epitopes will provide insights towards the design of diagnostics and vaccine candidates against this high priority coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chek Meng Poh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Bei Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siti Naqiah Amrun
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Kim-Wah Yeo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Wen-Hsin Lee
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Anthony Torres-Ruesta
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308442, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Mark I-Cheng Chen
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308442, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 12 Science Drive 2, #10-01, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Seow-Yen Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
| | - Louis Yi Ann Chai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 31 Third Hospital Ave, #03-03 Bowyer Block C, Singapore, 168753, Singapore
- Emerging Infectious Disease Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shirley Seah Gek Kheng
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Siew-Yee Thien
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 31 Third Hospital Ave, #03-03 Bowyer Block C, Singapore, 168753, Singapore
| | - Barnaby Edward Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308442, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - David C Lye
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases, 16 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308442, Singapore
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, 10 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Brendon John Hanson
- Biological Defence Program, DSO National Laboratories, 27 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117510, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency of Science, Technology and Research, Immunos, Biopolis, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117596, Singapore.
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 3EA, United Kingdom.
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22
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Tan SY, Chong CF, Chong VH. Response to: Approach to evaluation of choledocholithiasis in patient with or without acute cholangitis. QJM 2020; 113:449-450. [PMID: 32125414 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcaa076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - C F Chong
- Department of Surgery, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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23
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Wang GS, Xu L, Chen HT, Shi LP, Huang MJ, Xi L, Xu LS, Wang F, Li HY, Li S, Zhang YJ, Tan SY, Hong RT, Lyu NH, Ye M, Gan HT, Liu M, Wu BY. [Treatment of postprandial discomfort syndrome in the elderly: a multi-centered prospective randomized controlled clinical study]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2020; 59:117-123. [PMID: 32074684 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets (Combizym(®)) in the treatment of postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) in the elderly, compared with gastrointestinal motility drugs. Methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was designed and registered in the China Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR-IPR-16008185). The elderly patients with PDS were randomly divided into three groups, including Mosapride group with Mosapride citrate tablets 5 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; Combizym(®) group with Combizym tablets 244 mg 3 times per day for 2 weeks; combined treatment group with both drugs and same doses for 2 weeks. The modified Nepean dyspepsia index (NDSI) score, discomfort intensity score and PDS score were calculated on patients before treatment, at the end of first and second week of treatment, as well as 4 weeks after treatment finished, respectively. Adverse effects were evaluated. Results: A total of 323 patients from 16 tertiary hospitals in China were enrolled in this study. Among them, 105 patients were in Mosapride group, 109 in Combizym(®) group and 109 in combined treatment group. There were 148 males (45.8%) and 175 females (54.2%) with median age 71.4±9.0 years (60-100 years). Baseline characteristics of three groups were comparable. After treatment, the NDSI scores in three groups all decreased significantly (P<0.001), while they were similar between groups (P>0.05). The discomfort intensity score and PDS score in three groups showed a significant reduction after treatment (P<0.001), especially in the combined treatment group. Compared with Mosapride group, the scores in Combizym(®) group decreased significantly after one or two weeks [discomfort intensity score: after one week, 4.0(2.5, 8.0) vs. 6.0(3.0, 10.0); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 6.0); all P<0.05. PDS score: after one week, 6.0(3.0, 9.0) vs. 7.0(3.5, 10.5); after two weeks, 3.0(0.0, 5.0) vs. 4.0(2.0, 7.0); all P<0.05]. The efficacy rate in all patients after first week of treatment was over 15.0%. The efficacy rates after two weeks were 55.2%, 68.8% and 73.4% in Mosapride group, Combizym(®) group and combined treatment group, respectively. After two week treatment, the efficacy rates in Combizym(®) group (P=0.041) and combined group (P=0.006) were higher than that of Mosapride group. The recurrence rate of Mosapride group was 9.5%, which was significantly higher than that of Combizym(®) group (1.8%, P<0.05) and combined treatment group (1.8%, P<0.05). There were no serious adverse effects in the three groups. Conclusions: The efficacy of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets is comparable with that of Mosapride in elderly PDS patients, with fewer adverse effects and low recurrence rate. Combination regimen indicates better efficacy than that of Oryz-Aspergillus enzyme and pancreatin tablets or Mosapride alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - L Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - H T Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - L P Shi
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincal People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - M J Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - L Xi
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - L S Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Guangdong Provincal People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - F Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - H Y Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - S Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Y J Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Gastroenterology, PLA Southern Theater General Hospital, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - R T Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - N H Lyu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - M Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - H T Gan
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - B Y Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Tan SY, Lau K, Borsaru A, Jackson D, Nandurkar D. Efficacy of Iodine Perfusion Maps from Dual-energy Computed Tomography of the Pulmonary Arteries in Pulmonary Embolism Assessment. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2019. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1916942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- SY Tan
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Lau
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Australia
| | - A Borsaru
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Jackson
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Nandurkar
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Huang PZ, Peng SY, Yu HC, Huang L, Yao Q, Wang XL, Tan SY, Zhou JM, Wang PN, Huang AP, Bai LL, Luo YX, Huang MJ. Decreased expression of SorCS1 in colorectal cancer: An independent predictor of poor prognosis. Neoplasma 2019; 67:119-128. [PMID: 31829024 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2019_190221n146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we identified that sortilin related VPS10 domain containing receptor 1 (SorCS1) was hypermethylated in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues. Here, we aimed to investigate the association between CRC and SorCS1. DNA methylation was determined by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) or quantitative real-time methylation analysis (MethyLight). Colorectal cancer tissue specimens from 239 patients that had undergone surgical treatment were evaluated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for the expression of SorCS1 and correlated with clinicopathological variables and prognosis. We found that SorCS1 was hypermethylated in CRC cell lines and 67.5% (27/40) CRC tumor tissues. The loss of SorCS1 mRNA (p<0.001) and protein expression (p=0.033) were highly correlated with promoter methylation. In addition, SorCS1 expression was significantly increased in younger patients (p=0.006), low CEA level (p<0.001) and pT1-2 stage (p=0.005). Survival analysis revealed that decreased expression of SorCS1 was an independent factor for predicting the increased risk of recurrence (p=0.024) and poor overall survival (p=0.006). Subgroup analysis for CEA level, pT and pN classifications showed that SorCS1 retained its stratified significance only in patients with low CEA level, pT3-4 tumors and pN1-2 lymph node status. Our findings suggest that SorCS1 is epigenetically inactivated in a substantial fraction of CRC, and its expression may be a promising prognostic factor in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Z Huang
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Y Peng
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H C Yu
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Huang
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Yao
- Department of Coloproctology Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - X L Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J M Zhou
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - P N Wang
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - A P Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - L L Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y X Luo
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M J Huang
- Department of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Chen QY, Luo XB, Xie DH, Li ML, Ji XY, Zhou R, Huang YB, Zhang W, Feng W, Zhang Y, Huang L, Hao QQ, Liu Q, Zhu XG, Liu Y, Zhang P, Lai XC, Si Q, Tan SY. Orbital-Selective Kondo Entanglement and Antiferromagnetic Order in USb_{2}. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:106402. [PMID: 31573295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.106402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In heavy-fermion compounds, the dual character of f electrons underlies their rich and often exotic properties like fragile heavy quasiparticles, a variety of magnetic orders and unconventional superconductivity. 5f-electron actinide materials provide a rich setting to elucidate the larger and outstanding issue of the competition between magnetic order and Kondo entanglement and, more generally, the interplay among different channels of interactions in correlated electron systems. Here, by using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we present the detailed electronic structure of USb_{2} and observe two different kinds of nearly flat bands in the antiferromagnetic state of USb_{2}. Polarization-dependent measurements show that these electronic states are derived from 5f orbitals with different characters; in addition, further temperature-dependent measurements reveal that one of them is driven by the Kondo correlations between the 5f electrons and conduction electrons, while the other reflects the dominant role of the magnetic order. Our results on the low-energy electronic excitations of USb_{2} implicate orbital selectivity as an important new ingredient for the competition between Kondo correlations and magnetic order and, by extension, in the rich landscape of quantum phases for strongly correlated f electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Chen
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - X B Luo
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - D H Xie
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - M L Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - X Y Ji
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - R Zhou
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Y B Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, CAS, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - W Zhang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - W Feng
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - L Huang
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Q Q Hao
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Q Liu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - X G Zhu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Y Liu
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - P Zhang
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - X C Lai
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Q Si
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - S Y Tan
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
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27
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Tan SY. [Paying attention to the prevention and treatment of hepatic injury induced by anti-tuberculosis drugs]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019; 42:326-329. [PMID: 31137107 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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28
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Meng HJ, Wang J, Fang YM, Shen DM, Mao L, Kuang HB, Qin HJ, Lai XM, Tan SY. [Signaling pathway of M2-type polarization induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific peptide E7 in monocyte-macrophages]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019; 41:954-958. [PMID: 30522193 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the signal pathway of M2-type polarization induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific peptide E7. Methods: Monocyte-macrophages were divided into blank control group, M1 positive stimulus group [co-stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)], M2 positive group(co-stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13), and E7 experimental group (with MTB-specificity polypeptide E7 stimulated). The expression of M1 type markers CD(16), IL-6, TNF-α and M2 type markers CD(163), CD(206), IL-10 were detected at 12, 18, 24 and 36 h. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors-γ (PPAR-γ) blocker was used in the blank control group, M2-positive stimulus group and E7 experimental stimulus group. T test was used to compare the expression of PPAR-γ and CD(163) before and after the addition of blockers. Results: Compared with the positive control group and the blank control group, the expression of TNF-α in the E7 experimental group gradually reached the peak when macrophages were stimulated for 18 h(the relative expression was 20.02), and then the expression of TNF-α gradually decreased and the expression of CD(163) increased. The expression of CD(163) peaked at 24 h (the relative expression was 2.44). After adding the inhibitor, the expression of PPAR-γ in E7 stimulation group was lower than before blocking (before blocking 0.94±0.06, after blocking 0.69±0.09, P=0.028). CD(163) expression level was significantly lower than that before blocking (before blocking 3.95±0.61, after blocking 2.87±0.20, P=0.047). Conclusion: The MTB-specific peptide E7 induced differentiation of macrophages into M2 type, a process that may be involving PPAR-γ in just another kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Meng
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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29
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Tan SY, Turner J, Kerin-Ayres K, Butler S, Deguchi C, Khatri S, Mo C, Warby A, Cunningham I, Malalasekera A, Dhillon HM, Vardy JL. Health concerns of cancer survivors after primary anti-cancer treatment. Support Care Cancer 2019; 27:3739-3747. [PMID: 30710242 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-04664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer survivors experience significant health concerns compared to the general population. Sydney Survivorship Clinic (SSC) is a multi-disciplinary clinic aiming to help survivors treated with curative intent manage side effects, and establish a healthy lifestyle. Here, we determine the health concerns of survivors post-primary treatment. METHODS Survivors completed questionnaires assessing symptoms, quality of life (QOL), distress, diet, and exercise before attending SSC, and a satisfaction survey after. Body mass index (BMI), clinical findings and recommendations were reviewed. Descriptive statistical methods were used. RESULTS Overall, 410 new patients attended SSC between September 2013 and April 2018, with 385 survivors included in analysis: median age 57 years (range 18-86); 69% female; 43% breast, 31% colorectal and 19% haematological cancers. Median time from diagnosis, 12 months. Common symptoms of at least moderate severity: fatigue (45%), insomnia (37%), pain (34%), anxiety (31%) and with 56% having > 5 moderate-severe symptoms. Overall, 45% scored distress ≥ 4/10 and 62% were rated by clinical psychologist as having 'fear of cancer recurrence'. Compared to population mean of 50, mean global QOL T-score was 47.2, with physical and emotional well-being domains most affected. Average BMI was 28.2 kg/m2 (range 17.0-59.1); 61% overweight/obese. Only 31% met aerobic exercise guidelines. Overall, 98% 'agreed'/'completely agreed' attending the SSC was worthwhile, and 99% would recommend it to others. CONCLUSION Distress, fear of cancer recurrence, fatigue, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are common in cancer survivors attending SSC and may best be addressed in a multi-disciplinary Survivorship Clinic to minimise longer-term effects. This model is well-rated by survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J Turner
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia.,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K Kerin-Ayres
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia
| | - S Butler
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia
| | - C Deguchi
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia
| | - S Khatri
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia
| | - C Mo
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A Warby
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - I Cunningham
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia
| | - A Malalasekera
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - H M Dhillon
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Janette L Vardy
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Hospital Rd, Concord, NSW, 2137, Australia. .,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-making, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We review recent epidemiological and clinical studies investigating the consumption of tree nuts and peanuts and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality as well as CVD risk factors. RECENT FINDINGS A greater consumption of tree nuts and peanuts is associated with a reduced risk of CVD mortality, as well as lower CVD events. Furthermore, risk factors associated with the development of CVD such as dyslipidemia, impaired vascular function, and hypertension are improved with regular tree nut and peanut consumption through a range of mechanism associated with their nutrient-rich profiles. There is weak inconsistent evidence for an effect of nut consumption on inflammation. There is emerging evidence that consuming tree nuts reduces the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and promotes diversity of gut microbiota, which in turn may improve CVD outcomes. Evidence for CVD prevention is strong for some varieties of tree nuts, particularly walnuts, and length of supplementation and dose are important factors for consideration with recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, City East Campu, North Terrace, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - A M Hill
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, City East Campu, North Terrace, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - S Y Tan
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Tan SY, Strazzulla LC, Li X, Park JJ, Lee SJ, Kim CC. Association of clinicopathological features of melanoma with total naevus count and a history of dysplastic naevi: a cross-sectional retrospective study within an academic centre. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 43:566-572. [PMID: 29450912 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High naevus count (HNC) (≥ 50 naevi) and presence of dysplastic naevi (DN) are risk factors for malignant melanoma (MM); however, MMs also occur in patients with low naevus count (LNC) (< 50 naevi) and in patients without DN. Little is known about differences between MMs in these groups. AIM To characterize the clinicopathological differences between MMs in patients with HNC and those in patients with LNC, with or without biopsy-proven DN. METHODS This was a cross-sectional retrospective chart review of 281 patients with MM seen between April 2013 and March 2014 at an academic pigmented lesion clinic (Boston, MA, USA). RESULTS Patients with LNC MMs were diagnosed at an older age (51 vs. 41 years, P < 0.001, OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93-0.97), with more aggressive MM features, including greater Breslow thickness (1.1 vs. 0.8 mm, P = 0.01), more mitoses (2 vs. 1 mitoses/mm2 , P < 0.001), lower rate of superficial spreading subtype (58 vs. 78%, P < 0.01, OR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.31-5.03) and higher MM stage (P < 0.001), compared to patients with HNC. Patients with DN had similar trends as those in patients with HNC described above, and in addition, were more likely to have a truncal MM (55 vs. 39%, P < 0.01, OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.22-3.18) with less ulceration (13 vs. 29%, P < 0.01, OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.19-0.71). Patients without DN were more likely to have a history of a non-MM skin cancer (32 vs. 19%, P = 0.01, OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.85) and an amelanotic MM (33 vs 21%, P = 0.03, OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.31-0.96). CONCLUSIONS Patients with LNC may develop MMs with more aggressive features at an older age than patients with HNC. A history of biopsy-proven DN reveals distinct MM differences compared to patients without DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L C Strazzulla
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J J Park
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S J Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C C Kim
- Pigmented Lesion Clinic and Cutaneous Oncology Program, Department of Dermatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Chen QY, Xu DF, Niu XH, Peng R, Xu HC, Wen CHP, Liu X, Shu L, Tan SY, Lai XC, Zhang YJ, Lee H, Strocov VN, Bisti F, Dudin P, Zhu JX, Yuan HQ, Kirchner S, Feng DL. Band Dependent Interlayer f-Electron Hybridization in CeRhIn_{5}. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:066403. [PMID: 29481263 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.066403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A key issue in heavy fermion research is how subtle changes in the hybridization between the 4f (5f) and conduction electrons can result in fundamentally different ground states. CeRhIn_{5} stands out as a particularly notable example: when replacing Rh with either Co or Ir, antiferromagnetism gives way to superconductivity. In this photoemission study of CeRhIn_{5}, we demonstrate that the use of resonant angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with polarized light allows us to extract detailed information on the 4f crystal field states and details on the 4f and conduction electron hybridization, which together determine the ground state. We directly observe weakly dispersive Kondo resonances of f electrons and identify two of the three Ce 4f_{5/2}^{1} crystal-electric-field levels and band-dependent hybridization, which signals that the hybridization occurs primarily between the Ce 4f states in the CeIn_{3} layer and two more three-dimensional bands composed of the Rh 4d and In 5p orbitals in the RhIn_{2} layer. Our results allow us to connect the properties observed at elevated temperatures with the unusual low-temperature properties of this enigmatic heavy fermion compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - D F Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - X H Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - R Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - H C Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - C H P Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - L Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - S Y Tan
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - X C Lai
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621908, China
| | - Y J Zhang
- Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H Lee
- Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - V N Strocov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F Bisti
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P Dudin
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J-X Zhu
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Q Yuan
- Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - S Kirchner
- Center for Correlated Matter, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D L Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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Meng HJ, Tan SY, Lai XM. [Advances in signal pathway of macrophage polarization in tuberculosis]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2017; 40:859-862. [PMID: 29320835 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
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Cao SS, Li HY, Xu QG, Tan SY, Wei SH. [Clinical features of neurosyphilis with optic neuritis as an initial finding]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2016; 52:898-904. [PMID: 27998453 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0412-4081.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the characteristics of neurosyphilis with optic neuritis as an initial finding. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data and laboratory testing results of 16 cases (27 eyes) with optic neuritis as an initial finding of neurosyphilis from October 2010 to March 2015 in General Hospital of People's Liberation Army was made. Results: Six-teen patients (12 males, 4 females) were collected, the median age of patients was 47 (range 33 to 65) years ,the mean age was (49.63±9.05) years. Treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) analysis was positive in all of the patients and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test was positive in 14 patients (2 patients did not test). Lumbar puncture was requested and performed for all patients. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TPPA analysis was positive in 16 patients and RPR test was positive in 12 patients. The CSF white blood cell counting increased in 9 (56.3%) patients and 10(62.5%)patients presented with increased CSF protein level. Both eyes were involved in 11 patients (68.8%). Relative afferent papillary defect was positive in 11 patients. Twenty-seven eyes were affected in 16 patients, and among them 7 eyes' pupil diameter were 2.5 mm or less. Incipient visual acuity was less than 0.1 in 22 eyes. The slit lamp examination showed vitreous opacity in 12 eyes and visible cells in 6 eyes among 27 eyes. Fundus examination found that 6 eyes had papillary edema and 15 eyes had pallordisc among 27eyes. Electro-retinogram (ERG) was tested in 24 eyes, and 18 eyes were abnormal. Visual evoked potential (VEP) were performed in 26 eyes (flash VEP in 22 eyes, pattern VEP in 4 eyes), and all were abnormal. Fourteen eyes were tested by 30-2 perimetry, and 6 eyes had diffuse visual field defect, 2 eyes had peripheral visual field defect, 4 eyes had quadrant defect and 2 eyes had center scotoma. Fundus fluorescence angiography was done in 16 eyes and choroidal hyper-fluorescent dots were found in posterior pole in 4 eyes. All patients were treated with antibiotic medicines, among them 10 cases in the General Hospital, and 6 cases in the other hospitals. During 15 months follow-up after discharge, visual acuity of 17 eyes recovered to 0.5 and above. Conclusion: Syphilitic optic neuritis is a condition that manifests with severe visual loss and tends to involve both eyes, Some patients have a smaller pupil diameter. Due to the particular infective routes of the disease, patients often conceal their sexual history. The manifestations of ocular syphilis are complicated and easy to misdiagnose or undiagnose. Clinical manifestations combining with the detailed history taking, serum and cerebrospinal fluid examination can guide to an accurate diagnosis and prevent from permanent vision loss. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2016, 52: 898-904).
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Cheng D, Lu XH, Li M, Luo HS, Yuan JP, Zhang HD, Tan SY. [Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the liver: a case report]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2016; 24:699-700. [PMID: 27788729 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - X H Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - H S Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - J P Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - H D Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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Yeong UY, Tan SY, Yap JF, Choo WY. Prevalence of falls among community-dwelling elderly and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study in Perak, Malaysia. Malays Fam Physician 2016; 11:7-14. [PMID: 28461842 PMCID: PMC5405326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fall is a major cause of injuries and can increase the risk of early mortality among elderly. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of falls among community-dwelling elderly in rural Malaysia and its associated factors. METHODS Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey in five randomly selected districts in the state of Perak, Malaysia. A total of 250 households were randomly selected. A total of 811 individuals aged 60 years or more were recruited and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Information about socio-demographic, history of falls in the past 1 year, medical history, drug history and physical activity level were enquired. RESULTS The prevalence of falls in the past 1 year among community-dwelling elderly was reported to be 4.07%. Indigenous elderly (Adjusted odd ratio, AOR = 6.06, 95% CI = 1.10-33.55, p = 0.039) and living alone (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.04-6.50, p = 0.042) were shown to be factors associated with falls. Physical activity level, number of co-morbidities and number of medications used were not associated with falls. CONCLUSION Elderly of indigenous ethnicity and living alone are the main factors associated with falls in this population. Indigenous people may be at higher risk, which warrant further investigation with a larger sample to improve the precision of estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Y Yeong
- MBBS Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S Y Tan
- MBBS Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - J F Yap
- MBBS Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - W Y Choo
- PhD Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Zhang WH, Liu X, Wen CHP, Peng R, Tan SY, Xie BP, Zhang T, Feng DL. Effects of Surface Electron Doping and Substrate on the Superconductivity of Epitaxial FeSe Films. Nano Lett 2016; 16:1969-1973. [PMID: 26859620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Superconductivity in FeSe is greatly enhanced in films grown on SrTiO3 substrates, although the mechanism behind remains unclear. Recently, surface potassium (K) doping has also proven able to enhance the superconductivity of FeSe. Here, by using scanning tunneling microscopy, we compare the K doping dependence of the superconductivity in FeSe films grown on two substrates: SrTiO3 (001) and graphitized SiC (0001). For thick films (20 unit cells (UC)), the optimized superconducting (SC) gaps are of similar size (∼9 meV) regardless of the substrate. However, when the thickness is reduced to a few UC, the optimized SC gap is increased up to ∼15 meV for films on SrTiO3, whereas it remains unchanged for films on SiC. This clearly indicates that the FeSe/SrTiO3 interface can further enhance the superconductivity, beyond merely doping electrons. Intriguingly, we found that this interface enhancement decays exponentially as the thickness increases, with a decay length of 2.4 UC, which is much shorter than the length scale for relaxation of the lattice strain, pointing to interfacial electron-phonon coupling as the likely origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - X Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - C H P Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - R Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - S Y Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - B P Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - T Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - D L Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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Jan Mohamed HJ, Loy SL, Taib MNM, Karim NA, Tan SY, Appukutty M, Razak NA, Thielecke F, Hopkins S, Ong MK, Ning C, Tee ES. Erratum to: 'Characteristics associated with the consumption of malted drinks among Malaysian primary school children: findings from the MyBreakfast study'. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:162. [PMID: 26883422 PMCID: PMC4755016 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - S L Loy
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Norimah A Karim
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Appukutty
- Sports Science Programme, Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nurliyana Abdul Razak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - F Thielecke
- Cereal Partners Worldwide, Chemin du Viaduc 1. Prilly, Lausanne, 1008, Switzerland.,Nestlé Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Hopkins
- Cereal Partners Worldwide, Chemin du Viaduc 1. Prilly, Lausanne, 1008, Switzerland
| | - M K Ong
- Nestlé R&D Center, 2655633, 29 Quality Road, 618802, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C Ning
- Nestlé R&D Center, 2655633, 29 Quality Road, 618802, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E S Tee
- Nutrition Society of Malaysia, c/o Division of Human Nutrition, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jan Mohamed HJB, Loy SL, Mohd Taib MN, Karim NA, Tan SY, Appukutty M, Abdul Razak N, Thielecke F, Hopkins S, Ong MK, Ning C, Tee ES. Characteristics associated with the consumption of malted drinks among Malaysian primary school children: findings from the MyBreakfast study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1322. [PMID: 26718818 PMCID: PMC4697324 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of beverages contributes to diet quality and overall nutrition. Studies on malted drinks, one of the widely consumed beverage choices among children in Asia, however, have received limited attention. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of malted drink consumption and explored associations of sociodemographic characteristics, nutrient intakes, weight status and physical activity levels with malted drink consumption among primary school children in Malaysia. METHODS Data for this analysis were from the MyBreakfast Study, a national cross-sectional study conducted from April to October 2013 throughout all regions in Malaysia. A total of 2065 primary school children aged 6 to 12 years were included in the present analysis. Data on two days 24-h dietary recall or record, anthropometry, physical activity and screen time were recorded. Associations between malted drink consumption and related factors were examined using binary logistic regression, adjusting for region, area, gender, ethnicity and household income. RESULTS Among children aged 6 to 12 years, 73.5% reported consuming malted drinks for at least once per week. Consumption of malted drinks was significantly associated with region (χ(2) = 45.64, p < 0.001), gender (χ(2) = 4.41, p = 0.036) and ethnicity (χ(2) = 13.74, p = 0.008). Malted drink consumers had similar total energy intake but higher micronutrient intakes compared to non-consumers. High physical activity level (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.06, 2.99) and lower screen time during weekends (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.86, 0.99) were independently associated with malted drink consumption among 6 to 9 year-old children, but not among 10 to 12 year-old children. No association was observed between malted drink consumption and weight status. CONCLUSIONS Malted drink consumption is prevalent among Malaysian primary school children, particularly higher among boys, indigenous children and those who lived in the East Coast region of Malaysia. Consuming malted drinks is associated with higher micronutrient intakes and higher levels of physical activity, but not with body weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Jan B Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - S L Loy
- KK Research Centre, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899, Singapore.
| | - Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Norimah A Karim
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - M Appukutty
- Sports Science Programme, Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Nurliyana Abdul Razak
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - F Thielecke
- Cereal Partners Worldwide, Chemin du Viaduc 1. Prilly, Lausanne, 1008, Switzerland.
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers chez les Blanc, 1000 Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - S Hopkins
- Cereal Partners Worldwide, Chemin du Viaduc 1. Prilly, Lausanne, 1008, Switzerland.
| | - M K Ong
- Nestlé R&D Center, 2655633, 29 Quality Road, 618802, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - C Ning
- Nestlé R&D Center, 2655633, 29 Quality Road, 618802, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - E S Tee
- Nutrition Society of Malaysia, c/o Division of Human Nutrition, Institute for Medical Research, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Tan SY, Waxman BP. Is There a Correlation between Computed Tomography Scanning of the Acute Abdomen and Associated Surgical Outcomes? Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1515301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Ak N, Koo HC, Jm HJ, Mt MN, Tan SY, Appukutty M, Ar N, Thielecke F, Hopkins S, Ong MK, Ning C, Tee ES. Correction: Whole Grain Intakes in the Diets Of Malaysian Children and Adolescents - Findings from the MyBreakfast Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142763. [PMID: 26544201 PMCID: PMC4636181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Tan SY, Jiang J, Ye ZR, Niu XH, Song Y, Zhang CL, Dai PC, Xie BP, Lai XC, Feng DL. Photoemission study of the electronic structure and charge density waves of Na2Ti2Sb2O. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9515. [PMID: 25927621 PMCID: PMC5386208 DOI: 10.1038/srep09515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure of Na2Ti2Sb2O single crystal is studied by photon energy and polarization dependent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). The obtained band structure and Fermi surface agree well with the band structure calculation of Na2Ti2Sb2O in the non-magnetic state, which indicates that there is no magnetic order in Na2Ti2Sb2O and the electronic correlation is weak. Polarization dependent ARPES results suggest the multi-band and multi-orbital nature of Na2Ti2Sb2O. Photon energy dependent ARPES results suggest that the electronic structure of Na2Ti2Sb2O is rather two-dimensional. Moreover, we find a density wave energy gap forms below the transition temperature and reaches 65 meV at 7 K, indicating that Na2Ti2Sb2O is likely a weakly correlated CDW material in the strong electron-phonon interaction regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- 1] Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621907, China [2] Physics Department, Applied Surface Physics State Key Laboratory, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - J Jiang
- 1] Physics Department, Applied Surface Physics State Key Laboratory, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Z R Ye
- Physics Department, Applied Surface Physics State Key Laboratory, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - X H Niu
- 1] Physics Department, Applied Surface Physics State Key Laboratory, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Y Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - C L Zhang
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1200, USA
| | - P C Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - B P Xie
- 1] Physics Department, Applied Surface Physics State Key Laboratory, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - X C Lai
- Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory, Mianyang 621907, China
| | - D L Feng
- 1] Physics Department, Applied Surface Physics State Key Laboratory, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Bracha A, Tan SY. Robert Bárány (1876–1936): The Nobel Prize-winning prisoner of war. Singapore Med J 2015; 56:5-6. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cheah CY, Herbert KE, O'Rourke K, Kennedy GA, George A, Fedele PL, Gilbertson M, Tan SY, Ritchie DS, Opat SS, Prince HM, Dickinson M, Burbury K, Wolf M, Januszewicz EH, Tam CS, Westerman DA, Carney DA, Harrison SJ, Seymour JF. A multicentre retrospective comparison of central nervous system prophylaxis strategies among patients with high-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1072-9. [PMID: 25072255 PMCID: PMC4453849 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Central nervous system (CNS) relapse in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a devastating complication; the optimal prophylactic strategy remains unclear. Methods: We performed a multicentre, retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL with high risk for CNS relapse as defined by two or more of: multiple extranodal sites, elevated serum LDH and B symptoms or involvement of specific high-risk anatomical sites. We compared three different strategies of CNS-directed therapy: intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) with (R)-CHOP ‘group 1' R-CHOP with IT MTX and two cycles of high-dose intravenous (IV) MTX ‘group 2' dose-intensive systemic antimetabolite-containing chemotherapy (Hyper-CVAD or CODOXM/IVAC) with IT/IV MTX ‘group 3'. Results: Overall, 217 patients were identified (49, 125 and 43 in groups 1–3, respectively). With median follow-up of 3.4 (range 0.2–18.6) years, 23 CNS relapses occurred (12, 10 and 1 in groups 1–3 respectively). The 3-year actuarial rates (95% CI) of CNS relapse were 18.4% (9.5–33.1%), 6.9% (3.5–13.4%) and 2.3% (0.4–15.4%) in groups 1–3, respectively (P=0.009). Conclusions: The addition of high-dose IV MTX and/or cytarabine was associated with lower incidence of CNS relapse compared with IT chemotherapy alone. However, these data are limited by their retrospective nature and warrant confirmation in prospective randomised studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Cheah
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - K E Herbert
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [3] Cabrini Medical Centre, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - K O'Rourke
- Department of Haematology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G A Kennedy
- 1] Department of Haematology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia [2] University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - A George
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | - P L Fedele
- Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Gilbertson
- 1] Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Haematology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D S Ritchie
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S S Opat
- 1] Department of Haematology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia [2] Department of Haematology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - H M Prince
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [3] Cabrini Medical Centre, Malvern, Victoria, Australia [4] Department of Haematology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Dickinson
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Burbury
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Wolf
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia [3] Cabrini Medical Centre, Malvern, Victoria, Australia
| | - E H Januszewicz
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia
| | - C S Tam
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D A Westerman
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D A Carney
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S J Harrison
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - J F Seymour
- 1] Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1, A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, Victoria 8006, Australia [2] Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Jiang J, Li S, Zhang T, Sun Z, Chen F, Ye ZR, Xu M, Ge QQ, Tan SY, Niu XH, Xia M, Xie BP, Li YF, Chen XH, Wen HH, Feng DL. Observation of possible topological in-gap surface states in the Kondo insulator SmB6 by photoemission. Nat Commun 2014; 4:3010. [PMID: 24346657 PMCID: PMC3905704 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SmB6, a well-known Kondo insulator, exhibits a transport anomaly at low temperature. This anomaly is usually attributed to states within the hybridization gap. Recent theoretical work and transport measurements suggest that these in-gap states could be ascribed to topological surface states, which would make SmB6 the first realization of topological Kondo insulator. Here by performing angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments, we directly observe several dispersive states within the hybridization gap of SmB6. These states show negligible kz dependence, which indicates their surface origin. Furthermore, we perform photoemission circular dichroism experiments, which suggest that the in-gap states possess chirality of the orbital angular momentum. These states vanish simultaneously with the hybridization gap at around 150 K. Together, these observations suggest the possible topological origin of the in-gap states. The Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride exhibits low-temperature transport anomalies, which might be due to topological surface states. Here Jiang et al. perform angle-resolved photoemission and its circular dichroism measurements, which suggest that the anomalies might be of topological origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jiang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China [2]
| | - S Li
- 1] National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China [2]
| | - T Zhang
- 1] State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China [2]
| | - Z Sun
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China [2] National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, China
| | - F Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Z R Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - M Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Q Q Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - S Y Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - X H Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - M Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - B P Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y F Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - X H Chen
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China [2] Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - H H Wen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - D L Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Peng R, Shen XP, Xie X, Xu HC, Tan SY, Xia M, Zhang T, Cao HY, Gong XG, Hu JP, Xie BP, Feng DL. Measurement of an enhanced superconducting phase and a pronounced anisotropy of the energy gap of a strained FeSe single layer in FeSe/Nb:SrTiO3/KTaO3 heterostructures using photoemission spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:107001. [PMID: 24679321 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-layer FeSe films with an extremely expanded in-plane lattice constant of 3.99±0.02 Å are fabricated by epitaxially growing FeSe/Nb:SrTiO3/KTaO3 heterostructures and studied by in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Two elliptical electron pockets at the Brillouin zone corner are resolved with negligible hybridization between them, indicating that the symmetry of the low-energy electronic structure remains intact as a freestanding single-layer FeSe, although it is on a substrate. The superconducting gap closes at a record high temperature of 70 K for the iron-based superconductors. Intriguingly, the superconducting gap distribution is anisotropic but nodeless around the electron pockets, with minima at the crossings of the two pockets. Our results place strong constraints on current theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - X P Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - X Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - H C Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - S Y Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - M Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - T Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - X G Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - J P Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China and Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - B P Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - D L Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Krishnan S, Sabai K, Chuah C, Tan SY. Bilineal T lymphoblastic and myeloid blast transformation in chronic myeloid leukemia with TP53 mutation-an uncommon presentation in adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:e147-50. [PMID: 24523612 DOI: 10.3747/co.21.1660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bilineal blast transformation of myeloid and T lymphoid type is a rare event in chronic myeloid leukemia. Here, we report a case in which an adult presented with high white cell counts and lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow studies confirmed the presence of 9 and 22 chromosomal translocation, and a diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase was made. Examination of a lymph node showed both myeloid and T lymphoblastoid blast crisis. Molecular studies demonstrated the presence of BCR-ABL fusion transcripts in both the myeloid and the T lymphoblastic component, indicating that the myeloid and T lymphoid blast crisis components shared common progenitors. TP53 deletion was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Krishnan
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. ; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - K Sabai
- Singhealth Tissue Repository, Singapore Health Services, Singapore
| | - C Chuah
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. ; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - S Y Tan
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Tan SY, Tatsumura Y. Albert Schweitzer (1875–1965): A reverence for life. Singapore Med J 2014; 55:351-2. [DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2014084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tan SY, Mattes RD. Appetitive, dietary and health effects of almonds consumed with meals or as snacks: a randomized, controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1205-14. [PMID: 24084509 PMCID: PMC3898316 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Snacks contribute toward a significant proportion of human total daily energy intake. This study investigated the effects of almonds, a satiating and nutrient-rich, common snack, on postprandial glycemia, appetite, short-term body weight and fasting blood parameters when consumed with meals or alone as a snack. METHODS This was a 4-week randomized, parallel-arm study that entailed consuming almonds (43 g/day) with breakfast (BF) or lunch (LN), alone as a morning (MS) or afternoon (AS) snack or no almonds (CL). Participants (N=137) with increased risk for type 2 diabetes completed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and acute-feeding session at baseline, followed by almond consumption for 4 weeks before repeating the OGTT and acute-feeding trials. Anthropometric, biochemical and appetite responses were assessed. RESULTS Almonds lowered serum glucose responses postprandially. Effects were most prominent in the snack groups. Almonds, consumed as snacks, also reduced hunger and desire to eat during the acute-feeding session. After 4 weeks, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood biochemistries did not differ from the control group or across intervention groups. Without specific guidance, daily energy intake was reduced to compensate for energy from the provided almonds. Dietary monounsaturated fat and α-tocopherol intakes were significantly increased in all almond groups. CONCLUSION Almonds provide post-ingestive metabolic and appetitive benefits and did not increase the risk for weight gain. This suggests that almonds may be a healthful snack option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - R D Mattes
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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