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Wu Z, Jia X, Lu L, Xu C, Pang Y, Peng S, Liu M, Wu Y. Multi-center Dose Prediction Using Attention-aware Deep learning Algorithm Based on Transformers for Cervical Cancer Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024:S0936-6555(24)00119-5. [PMID: 38631974 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Accurate dose delivery is crucial for cervical cancer volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). We aimed to develop a robust deep-learning (DL) algorithm for fast and accurate dose prediction of cervical cancer VMAT in multicenter datasets and then explore the feasibility of the DL algorithm to endometrial cancer VMAT with different prescriptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS We proposed the AtTranNet algorithm for three-dimensional dose prediction. A total of 367 cervical patients were enrolled in this study. Three hundred twenty-two cervical patients from 3 centers were randomly divided into 70%, 10%, and 20% as training, validation, and testing sets, respectively. Forty-five cervical patients from another center were selected for external testing. Moreover, 70 patients of endometrial cancer with different prescriptions were further selected to test the model. Prediction precision was evaluated by dosimetric difference, dose map, and dose-volume histogram metrics. RESULTS The prediction results were all clinically acceptable. The mean absolute error within the body in internal testing was 0.66 ± 0.63%. The maximum |δD| for planning target volume was observed in D98, which is 1.24 ± 2.73 Gy. The maximum |δD| for organs at risk was observed in Dmean of bladder, which is 4.79 ± 3.14 Gy. The maximum |δV| were observed in V40 of pelvic bones, which is 4.77 ± 4.48%. CONCLUSION AtTranNet showed the feasibility and reasonable accuracy in the dose prediction for cervical cancer in multiple centers. The model can also be generalized for endometrial cancer with different prescriptions without any transfer learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wu
- Department of Digital Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Department of Radiotherapy, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, PR China; Yu-Yue Pathology Research Center, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, PR China
| | - X Jia
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - L Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tongling People's Hospital, Anhui, PR China
| | - C Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Pang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, PR China
| | - S Peng
- Department of Radiotherapy, Zigong First People's Hospital, Sichuan, PR China
| | - M Liu
- Department of Digital Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Digital Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Army Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Yu-Yue Pathology Research Center, Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing, PR China.
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Zhang T, Peng S, Mao CK, Zhu WW, Deng QF, Cao YS. The application of the modified Snodgrass technique in hypospadias surgery. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2024; 28:1456-1463. [PMID: 38436179 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202402_35475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the effectiveness of the modified tubularized incised plate urethroplasty (Snodgrass Technique) in hypospadias surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS A study was conducted on 50 pediatric patients with hypospadias treated in our hospital from May 2020 to May 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on the condition of their urethral plate; 22 patients were included in the study group and 28 patients were included in the control group. The control group underwent the traditional Snodgrass technique, while the study group received the modified Snodgrass technique. The two groups were compared in terms of treatment efficacy, preoperative and postoperative 6-month Hypospadias Objective Scoring Evaluation (HOSE) scores, surgical data, and postoperative complications. RESULTS The operation time for the study group was longer than that of the control group, and the intraoperative blood loss was less, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The success rate of surgery in the study group was 95.45% (21/22), compared to 71.43% (20/28) in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). The maximum urinary flow rate at 3 and 6 months postoperatively was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The time to maximum flow (TQmax) and post-void residual (PVR) at 3 and 6 months postoperatively were significantly lower in the study group (p < 0.05). A total of 3 patients in the cohort developed urethral fistulas, all between 0.10 cm x 0.10 cm and 0.15 cm x 0.15 cm in size. By instructing the patients to apply pressure to the fistula during urination, all fistulas closed between 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The incidence of postoperative complications was 4.55% in the study group and 28.57% in the control group, a difference that was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The modified Snodgrass technique shows significant therapeutic effectiveness in hypospadias surgery, substantially increasing the success rate and reducing postoperative complications in pediatric patients, making it suitable for widespread application.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Zhang
- Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
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Vieira MM, Peng S, Won S, Hong E, Inati SK, Thurm A, Thiam AH, Kim S, Myers SJ, Badger JD, Traynelis SF, Lu W, Roche KW. A Frameshift Variant of GluN2A Identified in an Epilepsy Patient Results in NMDA Receptor Mistargeting. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0557232023. [PMID: 38050135 PMCID: PMC10860613 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0557-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are crucial for neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Dysfunction of NMDARs is associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. Understanding the impact of genetic variants of NMDAR subunits can shed light on the mechanisms of disease. Here, we characterized the functional implications of a de novo mutation of the GluN2A subunit (P1199Rfs*32) resulting in the truncation of the C-terminal domain. The variant was identified in a male patient with epileptic encephalopathy, multiple seizure types, severe aphasia, and neurobehavioral changes. Given the known role of the CTD in NMDAR trafficking, we examined changes in receptor localization and abundance at the postsynaptic membrane using a combination of molecular assays in heterologous cells and rat primary neuronal cultures. We observed that the GluN2A P1199Rfs*32-containing receptors traffic efficiently to the postsynaptic membrane but have increased extra-synaptic expression relative to WT GluN2A-containing NMDARs. Using in silico predictions, we hypothesized that the mutant would lose all PDZ interactions, except for the recycling protein Scribble1. Indeed, we observed impaired binding to the scaffolding protein postsynaptic protein-95 (PSD-95); however, we found the mutant interacts with Scribble1, which facilitates the recycling of both the mutant and the WT GluN2A. Finally, we found that neurons expressing GluN2A P1199Rfs*32 have fewer synapses and decreased spine density, indicating compromised synaptic transmission in these neurons. Overall, our data show that GluN2A P1199Rfs*32 is a loss-of-function variant with altered membrane localization in neurons and provide mechanistic insight into disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Vieira
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - S Peng
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - S Won
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - E Hong
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - S K Inati
- Neurophysiology of Epilepsy Unit, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - A Thurm
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - A H Thiam
- Office of the Clinical Director, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - S Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - S J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - J D Badger
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - S F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta 30322, Georgia
| | - W Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda 20892, Maryland
| | - K W Roche
- Receptor Biology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda 20892, Maryland
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Zhu D, Wang Y, Ciais P, Chevallier F, Peng S, Zhang Y, Wang X. Temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake in northern high latitudes during the past four decades. Glob Chang Biol 2024; 30:e17043. [PMID: 37988234 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
In the northern high latitudes, warmer spring temperatures generally lead to earlier leaf onsets, higher vegetation production, and enhanced spring carbon uptake. Yet, whether this positive linkage has diminished under climate change remains debated. Here, we used atmospheric CO2 measurements at Barrow (Alaska) during 1979-2020 to investigate the strength of temperature dependence of spring carbon uptake reflected by two indicators, spring zero-crossing date (SZC) and CO2 drawdown (SCC). We found a fall and rise in the interannual correlation of temperature with SZC and SCC (RSZC-T and RSCC-T ), showing a recent reversal of the previously reported weakening trend of RSZC-T and RSCC-T . We used a terrestrial biosphere model coupled with an atmospheric transport model to reproduce this fall and rise phenomenon and conducted factorial simulations to explore its potential causes. We found that a strong-weak-strong spatial synchrony of spring temperature anomalies per se has contributed to the fall and rise trend in RSZC-T and RSCC-T , despite an overall unbroken temperature control on net ecosystem CO2 fluxes at local scale. Our results provide an alternative explanation for the apparent drop of RSZC-T and RSCC-T during the late 1990s and 2000s, and suggest a continued positive linkage between spring carbon uptake and temperature during the past four decades. We thus caution the interpretation of apparent climate sensitivities of carbon cycle retrieved from spatially aggregated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Peng S, Giron C, Liu G, d’Aspremont A, Benoit A, Lauvaux T, Lin X, de Almeida Rodrigues H, Saunois M, Ciais P. High-resolution assessment of coal mining methane emissions by satellite in Shanxi, China. iScience 2023; 26:108375. [PMID: 38025773 PMCID: PMC10679808 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of coal mine methane (CMM) emissions is a prerequisite for defining baselines and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures. Such an endeavor is jeopardized, however, by large uncertainties in current CMM estimates. Here, we assimilated atmospheric methane column concentrations observed by the TROPOMI space borne instrument in a high-resolution regional inversion to estimate CMM emissions in Shanxi, a province representing 15% of the global coal production. The emissions are estimated to be 8.5 ± 0.6 and 8.6 ± 0.6 Tg CH4 yr-1 in 2019 and 2020, respectively, close to upper bound of current bottom-up estimates. Data from more than a thousand of individual mines indicate that our estimated emission factors increase significantly with coal mining depth at prefecture level, suggesting that ongoing deeper mining will increase CMM emission intensity. Our results show robustness of estimating CMM emissions utilizing TROPOMI images and highlight potential of monitoring methane leakages and emissions from satellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gang Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Alexandre d’Aspremont
- Kayrros, 33 rue Lafayette, 75009 Paris, France
- CNRS & DI, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | | | - Thomas Lauvaux
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xin Lin
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Marielle Saunois
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Cui Y, Peng S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Rillig MC, Terrer C, Zhu B, Jing X, Chen J, Li J, Feng J, He Y, Fang L, Moorhead DL, Sinsabaugh RL, Peñuelas J. Microbial communities in terrestrial surface soils are not widely limited by carbon. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4412-4429. [PMID: 37277945 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities in soils are generally considered to be limited by carbon (C), which could be a crucial control for basic soil functions and responses of microbial heterotrophic metabolism to climate change. However, global soil microbial C limitation (MCL) has rarely been estimated and is poorly understood. Here, we predicted MCL, defined as limited availability of substrate C relative to nitrogen and/or phosphorus to meet microbial metabolic requirements, based on the thresholds of extracellular enzyme activity across 847 sites (2476 observations) representing global natural ecosystems. Results showed that only about 22% of global sites in terrestrial surface soils show relative C limitation in microbial community. This finding challenges the conventional hypothesis of ubiquitous C limitation for soil microbial metabolism. The limited geographic extent of C limitation in our study was mainly attributed to plant litter, rather than soil organic matter that has been processed by microbes, serving as the dominant C source for microbial acquisition. We also identified a significant latitudinal pattern of predicted MCL with larger C limitation at mid- to high latitudes, whereas this limitation was generally absent in the tropics. Moreover, MCL significantly constrained the rates of soil heterotrophic respiration, suggesting a potentially larger relative increase in respiration at mid- to high latitudes than low latitudes, if climate change increases primary productivity that alleviates MCL at higher latitudes. Our study provides the first global estimates of MCL, advancing our understanding of terrestrial C cycling and microbial metabolic feedback under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Peng S. Challenges and opportunities in the global methane cycle. iScience 2023; 26:106878. [PMID: 37332604 PMCID: PMC10275948 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To control the atmospheric methane concentration for Paris Agreement and Global Methane Pledge, it is urgent to elucidate global methane budget, in the context of dangerous high growth rate of atmospheric methane concentration in the past three years (2020-2022). Interdisciplinary research can definitely help answer the open questions about methane budget, as some examples shown in this Special Issue on "Methane emissions, sinks, and mitigation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushi Peng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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8
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Wang JY, Chen XR, Peng S, Zhu L. The diagnostic accuracy of the IFLIP system for binocular visual function anomalies assessment. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:5620-5626. [PMID: 37401300 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202306_32802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the intelligent flipper (IFLIP) system in identifying binocular vision anomalies. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study comprised 70 participants aged 18 to 22. Participants underwent comprehensive eye assessments, including measurement of visual acuity, refraction, far and near cover test, stereopsis, and worth four dot test. The manual accommodation amplitude and facility, as well as the IFLIP system test, were also evaluated. The correlation between the indices of the IFLIP and manual accommodation tests was analyzed using multiple regression models, and the diagnostic ability of the IFLIP was characterized using Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis. The significance level was 0.05. RESULTS The mean age of the 70 participants was 20.03±0.78 years. The mean manual and IFLIP accommodation facilities were 12.00±3.70 cycle per minute (CPM) and 10.01±2.77 CPM, respectively. No correlation was found between the indices of the IFLIP system and manual accommodative amplitude. However, the regression model showed that the contraction/relaxation ratio of the IFLIP system was positively correlated to the manual accommodation facility, and the average contraction time was negatively correlated with the manual accommodation facility. The ROC analysis proposed a cut-off of 10.15 CPM monocularly for the IFLIP accommodation facility assessment. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the parameters obtained by the IFLIP system and the manual accommodation facility were comparable, and the IFLIP system had good sensitivity and specificity in the assessment of the accommodation facility, thus may serve as a promising tool for screening and diagnosis of binocular visual function anomalies in clinical and community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Wang
- Department of Medical Technology, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, University Town, Chongqing, China.
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Feng M, Peng S, Wang Y, Ciais P, Goll DS, Chang J, Fang Y, Houlton BZ, Liu G, Sun Y, Xi Y. Overestimated nitrogen loss from denitrification for natural terrestrial ecosystems in CMIP6 Earth System Models. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3065. [PMID: 37244896 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Denitrification and leaching nitrogen (N) losses are poorly constrained in Earth System Models (ESMs). Here, we produce a global map of natural soil 15N abundance and quantify soil denitrification N loss for global natural ecosystems using an isotope-benchmarking method. We show an overestimation of denitrification by almost two times in the 13 ESMs of the Sixth Phase Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6, 73 ± 31 Tg N yr-1), compared with our estimate of 38 ± 11 Tg N yr-1, which is rooted in isotope mass balance. Moreover, we find a negative correlation between the sensitivity of plant production to rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and denitrification in boreal regions, revealing that overestimated denitrification in ESMs would translate to an exaggeration of N limitation on the responses of plant growth to elevated CO2. Our study highlights the need of improving the representation of the denitrification in ESMs and better assessing the effects of terrestrial ecosystems on CO2 mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyuan Feng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yilong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- The Cyprus Institute 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Benjamin Z Houlton
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Department of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Xi
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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10
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Li Y, Hou Z, Zhang L, Song C, Piao S, Lin J, Peng S, Fang K, Yang J, Qu Y, Wang Y, Li J, Li R, Yao X. Rapid expansion of wetlands on the Central Tibetan Plateau by global warming and El Niño. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:485-488. [PMID: 36841730 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhengyang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Changqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jintai Lin
- Laboratory for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Keyan Fang
- College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ying Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuebin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Spatial Information and Geomatics, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China
| | - Roujing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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11
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Qi J, Chen L, Yin P, Zhou M, Peng S, Liu G, Wang L, Noman M, Xie Y, Dong Z, Guo Y. Projecting the excess mortality related to diurnal temperature range: A nationwide analysis in China. Sci Total Environ 2023; 864:160971. [PMID: 36535487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The projection of excess mortality due to diurnal temperature range (DTR) in future has not been evaluated yet in China. Based on daily cause-specific mortality data from 266 cities in China, this study aimed to examine the association between DTR and mortality, which help project the future mortality burden attributable to DTR by considering the modification effects of altitude and population migration. We first found that every 10 °C increase in the DTR would result in a 3.3 % (95 % confidence interval: 2.6 %-4.1 %) excess risk of non-accidental mortality. The unit risk of DTR-associated cause-specific mortality at moderate or high altitudes was significantly lower than at lower altitudes, especially for cardiovascular disease. Subsequently, DTR-associated excess mortality in 2017 in China was 233,154 deaths (with a population-weighted attributable fraction of 2.9 %). Furthermore, we projected DTR-attributable additional mortality in the future, with the associated mortalities to be 221,860 deaths in 2050-2059 (2050s) and 132,305 deaths in 2090-2099 (2090s), under the SSP1-2.6 scenario. Meanwhile, the regional inequalities were exacerbated by 18 % in 2050s and 13 % in 2090s when considering the modification effects of city altitude. Future population migration would increase excess mortality in most areas in central and southern China, and reduce the disease burden in most areas in eastern, western, and northern China. Our findings underpinned that regional strategies should be adopted to mitigate excess mortality attributable to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Beijing Academy of Blockchain and Edge Computing, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Maigeng Zhou
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Laboratory for Low-carbon Intelligent Governance, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Wang B, Chen H, Peng S, Li X, Liu X, Ren H, Yan Y, Zhang Q. Multifunctional magnesium-organic framework doped biodegradable bone cement for antibacterial growth, inflammatory regulation and osteogenic differentiation. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2872-2885. [PMID: 36896799 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Degradable bone cement has superior osteoconductivity and plasticity and is commonly used to treat defects greater than the critical-size. Magnesium gallate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (Mg-MOF), with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, are doped into a composite cement composed of calcium sulfate, calcium citrate, and dicalcium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous (CS/CC/DCPA). The doping of the Mg-MOF slightly influences the microstructure and curing properties of the composite cement, with the mechanical strength of the cement displaying a significant increase from 27 to 32 MPa. Antibacterial tests reveal that the Mg-MOF bone cement has excellent antibacterial characteristics and can effectively inhibit bacterial growth in 4 h (Staphyloccocus aureus survival rate <10%). Herein, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage models are used to investigate the anti-inflammatory characteristics of composite cement. The Mg-MOF bone cement can regulate the inflammatory factors and polarization of macrophages (M1 and M2). In addition, the composite cement promotes cell proliferation and osteo-differentiation of mBMSCs, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and calcium nodules are increased. The bone related transcription factor and specific proteins, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone morphogenetic protein 2, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN), and collagen type 1 (COL1), were highly expressed by the Mg-MOF bone cements. Therefore, Mg-MOF doped CS/CC/DCPA bone cement is multifunctional for bone repair, which will promote bone formation and avoid the infection of wounds, and it is suitable for use with non-load-bearing bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
| | - H Chen
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
| | - S Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
| | - X Li
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
| | - X Liu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
| | - H Ren
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Y Yan
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
| | - Q Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China.
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13
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Lin T, Peng S, Lu S, Fu S, Zeng D, Li J, Chen T, Fan T, Lang C, Feng S, Ma J, Zhao C, Antony B, Cicuttini F, Quan X, Zhu Z, Ding C. Prediction of knee pain improvement over two years for knee osteoarthritis using a dynamic nomogram based on MRI-derived radiomics: a proof-of-concept study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:267-278. [PMID: 36334697 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a nomogram to detect improved knee pain in osteoarthritis (OA) by integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomics signature of subchondral bone and clinical characteristics. METHODS Participants were selected from the Vitamin D Effects on Osteoarthritis (VIDEO) study. The primary outcome was 20% improvement of knee pain score over 2 years in participants administrated either vitamin D or placebo. Radiomics features of subchondral bone and clinical characteristics from 216 participants were extracted and analyzed. The participants were randomly split into the training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 8:2. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select features and generate radiomics signatures. The optimal radiomics signature and clinical indicators were fitted into a nomogram using multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS The nomogram showed favorable discrimination performance [AUCtraining, 0.79 (95% CI: 0.72-0.79), AUCvalidation, 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70-0.96)] as well as a good calibration. Additional contributing value of fusion radiomics signature to the nomogram was statistically significant (NRI, 0.23; IDI, 0.14, P < 0.001 in training cohort and NRI, 0.29; IDI, 0.18, P < 0.05 in validating cohort). Decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical usefulness of nomogram. CONCLUSION The radiomics-based nomogram comprising the MR radiomics signature and clinical variables achieves a favorable predictive efficacy and accuracy in differentiating improvement in knee pain among OA patients. This proof-of-concept study provides a promising way to predict clinically meaningful outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lin
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - S Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - S Lu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - S Fu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - D Zeng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - J Li
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - T Chen
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - T Fan
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - C Lang
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - S Feng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
| | - J Ma
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - C Zhao
- Philips China, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - B Antony
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
| | - F Cicuttini
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
| | - X Quan
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Z Zhu
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - C Ding
- Clinical Research Centre, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia.
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14
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Abstract
Small ponds are important methane (CH4) sources. However, current estimates of CH4 emissions from aquaculture ponds are largely uncertain due to data paucity, especially in China─the largest aquaculture producer in the world. Here, we present a nationwide metadata analysis with a database of 55 field observations to examine total CH4 emissions from aquaculture ponds in China. We found that the annual CH4 fluxes from aquaculture ponds are much larger than those from reservoirs and lakes. The total CH4 emission from aquaculture ponds is 1.60 ± 0.62 Tg CH4 yr-1, with an average growth rate of ∼0.03 Tg CH4 yr-2 during the period 2008-2019. Compared with global major protein-producing livestocks, aquaculture species have a lower (63%) emission intensity, defined by the amount of CH4 emitted per unit of animal proteins. Our study highlights the essential contribution of China's aquaculture ponds to national CH4 emissions and the lower environmental cost of the aquaculture sector for future animal protein production. More field measurements with multi-scale observations are urgently needed to reduce the uncertainty of CH4 emissions from aquaculture ponds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogang Dong
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yi Xi
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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15
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Liao Z, Peng S, Chen Y. Half-millennium evidence suggests that extinction debts of global vertebrates started in the Second Industrial Revolution. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1311. [PMID: 36513752 PMCID: PMC9747783 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extinction debt describes the time-lagged process of species extinction, which usually requires dozens to hundreds of years to be paid off. However, due to the lack of long-term habitat data, it is indeterminate how strong the signal of extinction debts is at the global scale and when the debts started. Here, by compiling the geographical distributions of 6120 reptiles, 6047 amphibians, and 4278 mammals and correlating them with annual forest cover data from 1500 to 1992, we show that the beginning of the Second Industrial Revolution (the mid-19th century) was the earliest signal of cumulative extinction debts for global forest-dwelling vertebrate groups. More importantly, the impact of global protected areas on mitigating accumulated vertebrate extinction debt is not as immediate as that of mitigating reduced forest cover but rather suffers from pronounced time-lag effects. As the disequilibrium of vertebrate richness and forested habitat is currently taking place, preventive actions should be taken to promote a well-balanced status among forest restoration, protected areas, and biodiversity conservation to slow the accumulating debts for global forest-dwelling vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Liao
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- grid.11135.370000 0001 2256 9319Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Youhua Chen
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309China-Croatia “Belt and Road” Joint Laboratory on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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16
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Wang Z, Zhu D, Wang X, Zhang Y, Peng S. Regressions underestimate the direct effect of soil moisture on land carbon sink variability. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:7161-7163. [PMID: 36070189 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple linear regression (MLR) is widely used to attribute causes of the interannual variability (IAV) of land carbon uptake, yet, parameter estimation in MLR can be problematic if the predictors are strongly inter-correlated. Recently, Humphrey et al., (2021) used MLR method to conclude that the indirect effect of soil moisture (SM) via land-atmosphere coupling, rather than direct effect of SM on photosynthesis and respiration, controls the IAV of NBP. Here we assess the validity of MLR and find that the direct effect of SM on NBP-IAV is greatly underestimated by MLR, which may undermine their main conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Li BR, Zhao XM, Zou JX, Su ZL, Deng CD, Yan XB, Xiao YR, Wang ZF, Yang YJ, Long LL, Chen M, Peng S, Ji JS. [Analysis of the diagnostic performance of MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018 for intrahepatic parenchymal substantial lesions ≤3.0 cm]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:1211-1217. [PMID: 36891700 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20210219-00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the diagnostic performance of MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2018 in high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with intrahepatic parenchymal substantial lesions ≤3.0 cm. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted in hospitals between September 2014 to April 2020. 131 pathologically confirmed non-HCC cases with lesions ≤3.0 cm in diameter were randomly matched with 131 cases with lesions ≤3.0 cm in diameter and divided into benign (56 cases), other hepatic malignant tumor (OM, 75 cases), and HCC group (131 cases) in a 1:1 ratio. MRI features of the lesions were analyzed and classified according to LI-RADS v2018 criteria (tie-break rule was applied to lesions with both HCC and LR-M features). Taking the pathological results as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the LI-RADS v2018 classification criteria and the more stringent LR-5 criteria (with three main signs of HCC at the same time) were calculated for HCC, OM or benign lesions diagnosis. Mann -Whitney U test was used to compare the classification results. Results: The number of cases classified as LR-M, LR-1, LR-2, LR-3, LR-4, and LR-5 in HCC group after applying the tie-break rule were 14, 0, 0, 12, 28, and 77, respectively. There were 40, 0, 0, 4, 17, 14 and 8, 5, 1, 26, 13, 3 cases in benign and OM group, respectively. There were 41 (41/77), 4 (4/14) and 1 (1/3) lesion case in the HCC, OM and benign group, respectively, that met the more stringent LR-5 criteria. The sensitivity of LR-4 combined with LR-5 (LR-4/5) criteria, LR-5 criteria and more stringent LR-5 criteria for HCC diagnosis were 80.2% (105/131), 58.8% (77/131) and 31.3% (41/131), respectively, and the specificity were 64.1% (84/131), 87.0% (114/131) and 96.2% (126/131), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LR-M were 53.3% (40/75) and 88.2% (165/187), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity using LR-1 combined with LR-2 (LR-1/2) criteria for the diagnosis of benign liver lesions were 10.7% (6/56) and 100% (206/206), respectively. Conclusions: LR-1/2, LR-5, and LR-M criteria have high diagnostic specificity for intrahepatic lesions with a diameter of ≤3.0 cm. Lesions classified as LR-3 are more likely to be benign. The specificity of LR-4/5 criteria is low, while the more stringent LR-5 criteria has a high specificity for HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Li
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui 323000, China
| | - X M Zhao
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - J X Zou
- Department of Radiology, People's Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Z L Su
- Department of Radiology, Pingyang Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325400, China
| | - C D Deng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - X B Yan
- Department of Radiology, Suichang People's Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui 323300, China
| | - Y R Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Z F Wang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Y J Yang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - L L Long
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - M Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, China
| | - S Peng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - J S Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Radiology, Central Hospital of Lishui City, Lishui 323000, China
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18
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Chiu R, Wu M, Peng S. Sarcomatoid Eccrine Porocarcinoma in a Patient with Urothelial Carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Sarcomatoid porocarcinoma of skin is an exceedingly rare and diagnostically challenging malignancy of the sweat gland. In this report, we describe a rare case of a sarcomatoid eccrine porocarcinoma initially diagnosed to be a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in a patient with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC).
Methods/Case Report
Our patient is a 60 year old male with stage IV, poorly differentiated UC status post TURBT with residual tumor, and a 4 x 3 x 1 cm, polypoid, ulcerating skin nodule on his right cheek presumptively diagnosed to be an SCC on biopsy at an outside hospital. Given the concern that this cutaneous lesion may be a metastatic UC with squamous differentiation, the skin nodule was re-biopsied at our hospital. On histology, the lesion consisted of sheets of squamoid, polygonal cells in the dermis with pleomorphic nuclei showing irregular contours, prominent nucleoli, coarse chromatin, and frequent mitoses. The tumor was focally connected to the epidermis, which established it as a primary skin neoplasm and not a metastatic lesion. The tumor cells stained diffusely positive for vimentin, AE1/AE3, CK5/6, HMW CK, CK7, p63, and p16, negative for CK20, GATA-3, BerEP4, and Sox10, and showed high Ki67 proliferation index. Within the tumor sheets were poorly formed, focal ductal elements that stained positive for CAM5.2, EMA, CEA, and CK19, and negative for p63. The tumor showed comedo necrosis, epidermal ulceration, and no keratinization. The tumor was diagnosed to be a porocarcinoma given its positive staining for CK7 and p16, presence of focal ductal elements, and epidermal connection, with sarcomatoid features indicated by strong vimentin expression.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.
Conclusion
In this report, we described an exceedingly rare, diagnostically challenging case of a sarcomatoid porocarcinoma initially suspected to be a cutaneous SCC or metastatic UC with squamous differentiation. Although the tumor cells morphologically resembled SCC, its positive staining for CK7 and p16, presence of ductal elements, and lack of keratinization, favored a diagnosis of porocarcinoma rather than cutaneous SCC. Its focal connection to the epidermis and lack of GATA-3 expression favored a primary skin neoplasm rather than a metastatic UC. Its sarcomatoid nature was indicated by strong vimentin expression. Sarcomatoid porocarcinoma is diagnostically challenging given its rarity and potential to mimic other cutaneous malignancies such as SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chiu
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Rosemead, California , United States
| | - M Wu
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Rosemead, California , United States
| | - S Peng
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Rosemead, California , United States
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19
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Huang H, Salehiazar S, Peng S. A Scalp Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma with a Silent Thyroid History and Normal Thyroid Uptake by PET-CT. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) accounts for 10%-15% of all primary thyroid cancers. Follicular thyroid cancer is known to metastasize hematogenously, with distant metastasis occurring in 6-20% of cases. Scalp metastasis with an underlying thyroid carcinoma is an exceedingly rare clinical entity; there are less than 15 case reports in the literature. 1-2. Here, we present a case of widely invasive FTC with skull metastases located on the parietal calvarium. The scalp mass was confirmed as follicular thyroid carcinoma via microscopic morphology and positive immunoreactivity for Vimentin, TTF1, thyroglobulin, and PAX8. We present this case not only because of the diagnostic challenge and rare scalp metastasis, but also because of the patient’s unusual “silent” thyroid medical history and no abnormal thyroid uptake by PET-CT.
Methods/Case Report
81-year-old female presenting 2-year history of right parietal scalp mass, which was previously suspected for lipoma with attempted resection in Mexico but interrupted due to severe hemorrhage. No palpable thyroid nodule was noted. PET-CT showed avid lesions of the right breast with nipple retraction, as well as avid suspicious lesions of bilateral lungs, calvarium, xiphoid process, right acetabulum, T spine most c/f widely metastatic cancer, most likely a breast primary; evaluation of the neck demonstrates physiologic FDG-activity in the thyroid. Thyroid studies showed hyperthyroidism: TSH (L) <0.010 uIU/mL; Free T3 (H) 4.7 pg/mL and Free T4 1.00 ng/d. The patient was performed Ultrasound-guided FNA and core biopsy of the large parietal scalp lesion, however, FNA of the cystic component was nondiagnostic (no malignant cells seen).
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.
Conclusion
Core biopsy of the large parietal mass the tumor cells tend to form follicular or microfollicular architecture with colloid present, but no papillary nuclear features. Rare mitotic figures are seen. IHC stain of tumor cells are positive for AE1/AE3, Cam5.2, CK7, TTF1, thyroglobulin, PAX8, and Vimentin, which show strong evidence for metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) origin. Tumor cells are negative for Napsin-A, P63, Synaptophysin, Ck5/6, Ck20, EMA, WT1, CDX2, GATA3, Mammaglobin, ER, PR, and BRST2, which helps rule out the primary malignancy from lung, breast, neuroendocrine or other adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California , United States
| | - S Salehiazar
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California , United States
| | - S Peng
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Torrance, California , United States
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20
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Chiu R, Dreikorn S, Peng S. Metastasis of a Primary Sinonasal Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma to the Testicle in an Adult Patient. Am J Clin Pathol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqac126.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive tumor of skeletal muscle differentiation that predominantly affects adolescents and young adults, and is rare over 45 years of age. It has poor prognosis with metastasis, and most commonly spreads to the lymph nodes, bone marrow, and lungs. In this report, we describe a middle-aged patient with a primary sinonasal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma which metastasized to the right testicle, an unusual metastatic site reported only a few times in literature.
Methods/Case Report
Our patient is a 53 year old male who presented in 2020 with recurrent epistaxis and bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy over a 2 month period. Maxillofacial CT/MRI imaging revealed a 4-cm sized mass within the left nasal cavity eroding into the ethmoid sinuses. The patient underwent endoscopic sinus surgery of the sinonasal mass, which on histology, appeared as poorly differentiated small round blue cells with numerous mitoses infiltrating as single cells and nests. These cells stained positive for vimentin, myogenin, desmin, and CD56, and negative for AE1/AE3, chromogranin, S-100, CD99, and CD45. The cells showed very high Ki67 proliferation index (70-80%) and tested positive for FOXO1 gene rearrangement, which supported the diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The patient completed chemoradiation therapy, and MRI scans over the next 2 years were negative for residual sinonasal tumor. However, the patient returned in 2022 after having undergone a right orchiectomy at an outside hospital for testicular pain, and abdominal CT showed diffuse retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy concerning for metastasis. On histology, the resected testicle showed seminiferous tubules infiltrated and destroyed by sheets of poorly differentiated small round blue cells with fibrous septae separating the nests of tumor cells into alveolar-like spaces with central loss of cohesion. The tumor cells showed the same immunohistochemical staining pattern as the primary sinonasal lesion, thus confirming it to be metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA.
Conclusion
It is unusual for alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas to occur in adults over 45 years old, and is even rarer for these tumors to metastasize to the testicle. Metastases also only account for 1% of testicular tumors. Our report documents a very rare case of an alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in a middle-aged adult which metastasized to the testicle after chemoradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chiu
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Rosemead, California , United States
| | - S Dreikorn
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Rosemead, California , United States
| | - S Peng
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center , Rosemead, California , United States
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21
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Peng S, Sang T, Wang H, Guan Y, Deng Y, Wang P, Huang Z, Ye Z, Wu J. Bioinspired Anti-demineralization Enamel Coating for Orthodontics. J Dent Res 2022; 101:1620-1627. [PMID: 36271659 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221129806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
White spot lesions and enamel cracks are the 2 most prominent diseases that occur after orthodontic treatment and are caused by enamel demineralization from accumulated bacterial biofilms and/or enamel damage caused by the removal of residual adhesive after bracket debonding. Inspired by the self-assembled amelogenin nanoribbons in enamel, we developed an enamel coating with a self-assembling antimicrobial peptide, D-GL13K, to simultaneously reduce demineralization and residual adhesive. The self-assembled amphiphilic nanoribbons significantly increased the hydrophobicity of the etched enamel, which reduced the permeability of the coated enamel surfaces as desired. The antimicrobial activity of this coating was evaluated against Streptococcus mutans by colony-forming unit counting and live/dead assays. The anti-demineralization effect was demonstrated by the reduced demineralization depth analyzed by optical coherence tomography and the increased Vickers hardness. The coatings did not reduce the shear bond strength but significantly reduced the adhesive remnant index score. This bioinspired enamel coating may provide a new strategy for preventing white spot lesions and enamel cracks after orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peng
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - T Sang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - H Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Y Guan
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Y Deng
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - P Wang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Z Huang
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Z Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - J Wu
- School of Stomatology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine and Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
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22
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Hall-Chen VH, Damba J, Parra FI, Pratt QT, Michael CA, Peng S, Rhodes TL, Crocker NA, Hillesheim JC, Hong R, Ni S, Peebles WA, Png CE, Ruiz Ruiz J. Validating and optimizing mismatch tolerance of Doppler backscattering measurements with the beam model (invited). Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:103536. [PMID: 36319398 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use the beam model of Doppler backscattering (DBS), which was previously derived from beam tracing and the reciprocity theorem, to shed light on mismatch attenuation. This attenuation of the backscattered signal occurs when the wavevector of the probe beam's electric field is not in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. Correcting for this effect is important for determining the amplitude of the actual density fluctuations. Previous preliminary comparisons between the model and Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) plasmas were promising. In this work, we quantitatively account for this effect on DIII-D, a conventional tokamak. We compare the predicted and measured mismatch attenuation in various DIII-D, MAST, and MAST-U plasmas, showing that the beam model is applicable in a wide variety of situations. Finally, we performed a preliminary parameter sweep and found that the mismatch tolerance can be improved by optimizing the probe beam's width and curvature at launch. This is potentially a design consideration for new DBS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Hall-Chen
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - J Damba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F I Parra
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Q T Pratt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C A Michael
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Peng
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - T L Rhodes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - N A Crocker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - J C Hillesheim
- UKAEA/CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - R Hong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S Ni
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - W A Peebles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C E Png
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - J Ruiz Ruiz
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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23
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Chen S, Wang Y, Xie W, Shen S, Peng S, Kuang M. 710P Neoadjuvant tislelizumab for resectable recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma: A non-randomized control, phase II trial (TALENT). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Xi Y, Peng S, Ducharne A, Ciais P, Gumbricht T, Jimenez C, Poulter B, Prigent C, Qiu C, Saunois M, Zhang Z. Gridded maps of wetlands dynamics over mid-low latitudes for 1980–2020 based on TOPMODEL. Sci Data 2022. [PMCID: PMC9206665 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamics of global wetlands are closely linked to biodiversity conservation, hydrology, and greenhouse gas emissions. However, long-term time series of global wetland products are still lacking. Using a diagnostic model based on the TOPography-based hydrological MODEL (TOPMODEL), this study produced an ensemble of 28 gridded maps of monthly global/regional wetland extents (with more reliable estimates at mid-low latitudes) for 1980–2020 at 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution, calibrated with a combination of four observation-based wetland data and seven gridded soil moisture reanalysis datasets. The gridded dynamic maps of wetlands capture the spatial distributions, seasonal cycles, and interannual variabilities of observed wetland extent well, and also show a good agreement with independent satellite-based terrestrial water storage estimates over wetland areas. The long temporal coverage extending beyond the era of satellite datasets, the global coverage, and the opportunity to provide real-time updates from ongoing soil moisture data make these products helpful for various applications such as analyzing the wetland-related methane emission. Measurement(s) | wetland area | Technology Type(s) | computational modeling technique | Factor Type(s) | geographic location • temporal interval | Sample Characteristic - Environment | land | Sample Characteristic - Location | global |
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25
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Han Y, Fu B, Tao S, Zhu D, Wang X, Peng S, Li B. Impact of the initial hydrophilic ratio on black carbon aerosols in the Arctic. Sci Total Environ 2022; 817:153044. [PMID: 35038527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black carbon (BC) contributes to patterns of Arctic warming, yet the initial hydrophilic ratio (IHR) of BC emitted from various sources and its impact on Arctic BC remain uncertain. With the use of a tagged tracer method of BC implemented in the global chemistry transport model GEOS-Chem, IHRs were partitioned into 7 BC combustion source categories according to the PKU-BC-v2 emission inventory. The results show that as the IHR increased, the concentration of BC decreased globally. The impact on Arctic BC was mainly reflected in the vertical profile and the burden rather than at the surface. Specifically, the greatest impact of IHR on Arctic BC appeared in summer, with the largest perturbation appearing at an altitude of approximately 600 hPa, reaching 8%. This change in BC vertical profile was mainly caused by the IHR change of wildfire combustion in Russia (44%) and Canada (51%), and the emissions from these two regions were also the two most important contributors to the BC concentration and burden in the middle and lower Arctic atmosphere in summer. In the other three seasons, anthropogenic combustion sources (oil, coal, and biomass) in East Asia, Russia, and Europe accounted for 19-40%, 14-28%, and 7-23%, respectively, of the monthly BC burden. Emissions from Russia were the most important contributor (27-43%) to the monthly BC surface concentration. Due to the large adjustment in IHR from 20% to 70%, biomass burning in Europe was shown to be the dominant contributor causing both burden (39%) and surface concentration (88%) changes in all seasons except summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunman Han
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dongqiang Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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26
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Xi Y, Peng S, Liu G, Ducharne A, Ciais P, Prigent C, Li X, Tang X. Trade-off between tree planting and wetland conservation in China. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1967. [PMID: 35413953 PMCID: PMC9005732 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trade-offs between tree planting programs and wetland conservation are unclear. Here, we employ satellite-derived inundation data and a process-based land surface model (ORCHIDEE-Hillslope) to investigate the impacts of tree planting on wetland dynamics in China for 2000–2016 and the potential impacts of near-term tree planting activities for 2017–2035. We find that 160,000–190,000 km2 (25.3–25.6%) of historical tree planting over wetland grid cells has resulted in 1,300–1,500 km2 (0.3–0.4%) net wetland loss. Compared to moist southern regions, the dry northern and western regions show a much higher sensitivity of wetland reduction to tree planting. With most protected wetlands in China located in the drier northern and western basins, continuing tree planting scenarios are projected to lead to a > 10% wetland loss relative to 2000 across 4–8 out of 38 national wetland nature reserves. Our work shows how spatial optimization can help the balance of tree planting and wetland conservation targets. Afforestation and reforestation programs aimed at enhancing carbon sequestration may have unintended effects on non-forest ecosystems and biodiversity. Here the authors use remote sensing and land surface modelling to quantify trade-offs between tree planting and wetland conservation in China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xi
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Agnès Ducharne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, Laboratoire METIS (Milieux environnementaux, transferts et interaction dans les hydrosystèmes et les sols), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,The Cyprus Institute, 20 Konstantinou Kavafi Street, 2121, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Catherine Prigent
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, LERMA, Paris, France.,Estellus, Paris, France
| | - Xinyu Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xutao Tang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing, China
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27
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Li X, Yu L, Chen R, Peng S, Liang X, Zhong W, Pu H, Fang F, Li H, Wang L. Effects of various preservation treatments on diversity and abundance of microbial community in rice product (MiBa) during storage. AAlim 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/066.2021.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To determine the most effective preservation method for MiBa (a traditional Chinese rice product), MiBa treated with 75% alcohol, 75% alcohol + inhibitor, ozone treatment; untreated (control); and raw rice were subjected to 16S rRNA gene and ITS three-generation sequencing by High-throughput Sequencing Technology. According to the results the preservation effects of different treatment methods ranked as follows: ozone treatment >75% alcohol treatment >75% alcohol+inhibitor > control. Bacterial composition analysis showed that the bacterial community on the surface of MiBa treated with ozone was dominated by genera Leuconostoc and Serratia. The fungal community consisted mainly of Aspergillus and Alternaria. In summary, ozone treatment proved to be the most effective in inhibiting microbial contamination during the storage of MiBa, effectively extending its shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- X.R. Li
- The Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - L.J. Yu
- The Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - R.D. Chen
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - S. Peng
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - X.R. Liang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - W. Zhong
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - H.M. Pu
- The Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - F. Fang
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - H. Li
- The Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - L.F. Wang
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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28
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29
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Li X, Lang X, Peng S, Ding L, Li S, Li Y, Yin L, Liu X. Calf Circumference and All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Trend Estimation Approaches. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:826-838. [PMID: 36156674 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis and quantify the associations of total mortality with calf circumference (CC) in adults 18 years and older via combining various analyses based on empirical dichotomic CC, continuous CC, and dose-response CC. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of relevant studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science published through April 12, 2022. This systematic review includes longitudinal observational studies reporting the relationships of total mortality with CC. We calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of total mortality with CC per 1 cm for each study and combined the values using standard meta-analysis approaches. Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach (GRADE), and the Instrument for assessing the Credibility of Effect Modification Analyses (ICEMAN) were assessed for meta-analyses. RESULTS Our analysis included a total of 37 cohort studies involving 62,736 participants, across which moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2=75.7%, P<0.001), but no publication bias was found. Study quality scores ranged from 6 to 9 (mean 7.7), with only three studies awarded a score of 6 (fair quality). We observed an inverse trend between total death risk and CC per 1 cm increase (RR, 0.95, 95% CI, 0.94-0.96; P<0.001; GRADE quality=high). Only a very slight difference was found among residents of nursing homes (6.9% mortality risk reduction per one cm CC increase), community-dwellers (5.4%), and those living in hospitals (4.8%), respectively (P for meta-regression=0.617). Low credible subgroup difference was found based on the ICEMAN tool. CONCLUSIONS Calf circumference is a valid anthropometric measure for mortality risk prediction in a community, nursing home, or hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Lu Yin, Medical Research and Biometrics Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing 102300, China. E-mail: ; Xiaomei Liu, Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. Tel:
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Stavert AR, Saunois M, Canadell JG, Poulter B, Jackson RB, Regnier P, Lauerwald R, Raymond PA, Allen GH, Patra PK, Bergamaschi P, Bousquet P, Chandra N, Ciais P, Gustafson A, Ishizawa M, Ito A, Kleinen T, Maksyutov S, McNorton J, Melton JR, Müller J, Niwa Y, Peng S, Riley WJ, Segers A, Tian H, Tsuruta A, Yin Y, Zhang Z, Zheng B, Zhuang Q. Regional trends and drivers of the global methane budget. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:182-200. [PMID: 34553464 PMCID: PMC9298116 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing development of the Global Carbon Project (GCP) global methane (CH4 ) budget shows a continuation of increasing CH4 emissions and CH4 accumulation in the atmosphere during 2000-2017. Here, we decompose the global budget into 19 regions (18 land and 1 oceanic) and five key source sectors to spatially attribute the observed global trends. A comparison of top-down (TD) (atmospheric and transport model-based) and bottom-up (BU) (inventory- and process model-based) CH4 emission estimates demonstrates robust temporal trends with CH4 emissions increasing in 16 of the 19 regions. Five regions-China, Southeast Asia, USA, South Asia, and Brazil-account for >40% of the global total emissions (their anthropogenic and natural sources together totaling >270 Tg CH4 yr-1 in 2008-2017). Two of these regions, China and South Asia, emit predominantly anthropogenic emissions (>75%) and together emit more than 25% of global anthropogenic emissions. China and the Middle East show the largest increases in total emission rates over the 2000 to 2017 period with regional emissions increasing by >20%. In contrast, Europe and Korea and Japan show a steady decline in CH4 emission rates, with total emissions decreasing by ~10% between 2000 and 2017. Coal mining, waste (predominantly solid waste disposal) and livestock (especially enteric fermentation) are dominant drivers of observed emissions increases while declines appear driven by a combination of waste and fossil emission reductions. As such, together these sectors present the greatest risks of further increasing the atmospheric CH4 burden and the greatest opportunities for greenhouse gas abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R. Stavert
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereAspendaleVictoriaAustralia
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Marielle Saunois
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Josep G. Canadell
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereAspendaleVictoriaAustralia
- Global Carbon ProjectCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterBiospheric Science LaboratoryGreenbeltMarylandUSA
| | - Robert B. Jackson
- Department of Earth System ScienceWoods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for EnergyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society ‐ BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- Department of Geoscience, Environment and Society ‐ BGEOSYSUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium
- Université Paris‐SaclayINRAEAgroParisTechUMR ECOSYSThiverval‐GrignonFrance
| | - Peter A. Raymond
- Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - George H. Allen
- Department of GeographyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Prabir K. Patra
- Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTECYokohamaJapan
- Center for Environmental Remote SensingChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | | | - Phillipe Bousquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Naveen Chandra
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Adrian Gustafson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Misa Ishizawa
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | | | - Shamil Maksyutov
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Joe McNorton
- Research DepartmentEuropean Centre for Medium‐Range Weather ForecastsReadingUK
| | - Joe R. Melton
- Climate Research DivisionEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jurek Müller
- Climate and Environmental PhysicsPhysics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Yosuke Niwa
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)TsukubaJapan
| | - Shushi Peng
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - William J. Riley
- Climate and Ecosystem Sciences DivisionLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Arjo Segers
- Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO)UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change ResearchSchool of Forestry and Wildlife SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Aki Tsuruta
- Finnish Meteorological InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Yi Yin
- Division of Geophysical and Planetary ScienceCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geographical SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
| | - Bo Zheng
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE‐IPSL (CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Qianlai Zhuang
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Chiu R, Tran T, Miranda-Taylor M, Bamdad S, Jia Y, Crabtree M, Cornford M, Yap C, Peng S. Biphasic Sarcomatoid Sweat Gland Carcinoma With Ductal Epithelial And Spindled Myoepithelial Cell Components (Malignant Mixed Tumor Of Skin). Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Sweat gland carcinomas are a group of malignant skin adnexal tumors that are difficult to diagnose due to their rarity, wide morphologic variation, and limited literature on diagnosis and classification. These tumors may appear bland and morphologically resemble benign skin adnexal tumors, or may appear poorly differentiated and mimic metastatic carcinoma especially from a breast primary. Biphasic sweat gland carcinomas are an even rarer entity, with only few cases reported in literature, and have been described to consist of a well- differentiated ductal epithelial component and a poorly differentiated, sarcomatoid, spindle cell component.
Methods/Case Report
Our case report describes a 53 year old female referred to our institution for diagnosis of an excised skin lesion of the right upper arm, which had been slowly growing for 8 years. The histology revealed a biphasic malignant neoplasm involving the dermis and subcutis. The tumor consisted of an epithelial cell component with glandular and squamoid morphology and positive for CK5/6, CK7, and CAM5.2, and a spindled myoepithelial cell component with sarcomatoid morphology and positive for S100, vimentin, and p63. Stains for CK20, ER, PR, PAX8, CEA, and TTF1 were negative. The histological and clinical findings favored a primary skin adnexal tumor, rather than a metastatic lesion.
The patient underwent wide local excision of the lesion given that margins of the original excision were indeterminate. The histology of this re-excision demonstrated the same biphasic tumor with ductal epithelial and sarcomatoid myoepithelial cell components positive for the same stains. Although margins were negative in this re-excision, 3-4 months later, the patient developed dyspnea with multiple new pulmonary and hilar masses discovered on imaging, and new-onset headache with a frontal lobe mass discovered on brain imaging. These masses were biopsied/resected, and revealed to be metastases of the original cutaneous tumor positive for the same markers.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA
Conclusion
This case report describes a rare, diagnostically challenging case of a biphasic sweat gland carcinoma with ductal epithelial and sarcomatoid myoepithelial cell components, which demonstrated aggressive behavior with distant metastasis. These tumors are a clinicopathological quandary given their rarity and the paucity of literature on their characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chiu
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - T Tran
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - M Miranda-Taylor
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - S Bamdad
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Y Jia
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - M Crabtree
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - M Cornford
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - C Yap
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - S Peng
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
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Meawad H, Bamdad S, Peng S. Skin Involvement by Erdheim-Chester Disease; A Case Report. Am J Clin Pathol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab191.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Erdheim-Chester Disease (ECD) is considered one of the rare forms of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. It is caused by infiltration of different organs with lipid-laden histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm. Clinically, it can present as an indolent localized disease or a fatal disease with multi-organ failure.
Methods/Case Report
Here we report a case of fifty year-old female with a history of Erdheim Chester disease involvement of the left parietal lobe presented to the dermatology clinic with purpuric, tender maculopapular rash on bilateral cheeks, trunk, and bilateral upper extremities. Biopsy of the lesion on central chest revealed acute and chronic superficial dermal inflammation and skin crusting. The dermis is also infiltrated by many foamy lipid-laden macrophages. These macrophages stained with CD68 and CD163 and were S-100 and CD1a negative. BRAF V600E mutation was detected. Based on the immunophenotypic characteristics, as well as the molecular testing results and the clinical history of the patient, diagnosis of cutaneous involvement by Erdheim- Chester disease was made.
Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA
Conclusion
In summary, despite the fact that skin involvement by Erdheim- Chester disease is rare, it is imperative to consider it in the differential diagnosis of histiocytic diseases affecting the skin and differentiate it from its histologic mimickers. Molecular testing is a helpful tool in the diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for guiding treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meawad
- Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, California, UNITED STATES
| | - S Bamdad
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
| | - S Peng
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, California, UNITED STATES
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Abaidullah M, Peng S, Kamran M, Song X, Ali Sher A, Chen Y, Rehman A, Lin L, Jia R, Yin Z. Phageome-based vaccination and human innate immune modulation could be a useful strategy to control human Coronavirus infections. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2021; 35:865-880. [PMID: 34042415 DOI: 10.23812/20-592-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human Coronavirus (CoV) infections, including SARS-COV, MERS-COV, and SARS-CoV-2, usually cause fatal lower and upper respiratory tract infections due to exacerbated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We aim to summarize different aspects, such as CoV immune evasion mechanisms and host innate immune response to these infections, and their role in pathogenesis. We have also elaborated the up-to-date findings on different vaccine development strategies and progress against CoVs in both humans and non-human models. Most importantly, we have described the Phageome-human immune interaction, its therapeutic usage as anti-viral, anti-inflammatory agent, and implications for multiple vaccine development systems. The data suggest that endogenous phages might play a vital role in eliminating the infection and regulating the body's immune system. Considering the innate-immune-induced pathogenesis against CoVs and the therapeutic aptitude of phageome, we propose that the prophylactic administration of phages and phage-based vaccines could be a useful strategy to control the emerging CoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abaidullah
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - S Peng
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - M Kamran
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - X Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - A Ali Sher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - A Rehman
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
| | - L Lin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Jia
- Key laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Z Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Qiu C, Ciais P, Zhu D, Guenet B, Peng S, Petrescu AMR, Lauerwald R, Makowski D, Gallego-Sala AV, Charman DJ, Brewer SC. Large historical carbon emissions from cultivated northern peatlands. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/23/eabf1332. [PMID: 34088663 PMCID: PMC8177697 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
When a peatland is drained and cultivated, it behaves as a notable source of CO2 However, we lack temporally and spatially explicit estimates of carbon losses from cultivated peatlands. Using a process-based land surface model that explicitly includes representation of peatland processes, we estimate that northern peatlands converted to croplands emitted 72 Pg C over 850-2010, with 45% of this source having occurred before 1750. This source surpassed the carbon accumulation by high-latitude undisturbed peatlands (36 to 47 Pg C). Carbon losses from the cultivation of northern peatlands are omitted in previous land-use emission assessments. Adding this ignored historical land-use emission implies an 18% larger terrestrial carbon storage since 1750 to close the historical global carbon budget. We also show that carbon emission per unit area decrease with time since drainage, suggesting that time since drainage should be accounted for in inventories to refine land-use emissions from cultivated peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjing Qiu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
- UMR MIA 518, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 8538, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | | | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - David Makowski
- UMR MIA 518, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Angela V Gallego-Sala
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Dan J Charman
- Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Simon C Brewer
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Lopez‐Girona A, Groocock L, Mo Z, Narla RK, Janardhanan P, Wood S, Mendy D, Barnes L, Peng S, Jankeel D, Fontanillo C, Carrancio S, Hansen J. CC‐99282 IS A NOVEL CEREBLON E3 LIGASE MODULATOR (CELMOD) AGENT WITH POTENT AND BROAD ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY IN PRECLINICAL MODELS OF DIFFUSE LARGE B‐CELL LYMPHOMA (DLBCL). Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.144_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Lopez‐Girona
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - L Groocock
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Z Mo
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - R. K Narla
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - P Janardhanan
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - S Wood
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - D Mendy
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - L Barnes
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - S Peng
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - D Jankeel
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - C Fontanillo
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Informatics and Predictive Sciences, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - S Carrancio
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Oncogenesis Therapeutic Research Center, Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - J Hansen
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Princeton New Jersey USA
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Su M, Peng S, Chen L, Wang B, Wang Y, Fan X, Dong Z. A Warm Summer is Unlikely to Stop Transmission of COVID-19 Naturally. Geohealth 2020; 4:e2020GH000292. [PMID: 33173840 PMCID: PMC7645946 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed various transmission rate (R t ) across different regions. The determination of the factors affecting transmission rate is urgent and crucial to combat COVID-19. Here we explored variation of R t between 277 regions across the globe and the associated potential socioeconomic, demographic, and environmental factors. At global scale, the R t started to decrease approximately 2 weeks after policy interventions initiated. This lag from the date of policy interventions initiation to the date when R t started to decrease ranges from 9 to 19 days, largest in Europe and North America. We find that proportion of elderly people or life expectancy can explain ~50% of variation in transmission rate across the 277 regions. The transmission rate at the point of inflection (R I ) increases by 29.4% (25.2-34.0%) for 1% uptick in the proportion of people aged above 65, indicating that elderly people face ~2.5 times higher infection risk than younger people. Air temperature is negatively correlated with transmission rate, which is mainly attributed to collinearities between air temperature and demographic factors. Our model predicted that temperature sensitivity of R I is only -2.7% (-5.2-0%) per degree Celsius after excluding collinearities between air temperature and demographic factors. This low temperature sensitivity of R I suggests that a warm summer is unlikely to impede the spread of COVID-19 naturally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Su
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco‐Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- College of Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino‐French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lili Chen
- Beijing Academy of Edge Computing (BAEC)BeijingChina
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive HealthNational Health Commission of the People's Republic of ChinaBeijingChina
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Space and EnvironmentBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiarui Fan
- School of Space and EnvironmentBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhaomin Dong
- School of Space and EnvironmentBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision MedicineBeihang UniversityBeijingChina
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Yuan M, Wang Y, Kou L, Peng S, Li M, Zhang T. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Radical Surgery Versus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Patients With Stage IIA-IIIA Cervical Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hong S, Su Z, Li J, Yu S, Lin B, Ke Z, Zhang Q, Guo Z, Lv W, Peng S, Cheng L, He Q, Liu R, Xiao H. 307P Development of circulating free DNA methylation markers for thyroid nodule diagnostics. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.10.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Kou L, Zhang T, Peng S, Wang Y, Yuan M, Li M. Adjuvant Chemotherapy after Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tran TT, Bhuyan R, Peng S. Case Report: Coexistence of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma and Adenoid Basal Carcinoma in the Uterine Cervix. Am J Clin Pathol 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction/Objective
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and adenoid basal carcinoma (ABC) are very rare tumors, accounting for less than 1% of all cervical adenocarcinomas. ACC is an aggressive neoplasm and has poor prognosis while ABC has a favorable prognosis. Coexistence of ACC or ABC and squamous intraepithelial lesion/invasive squamous cell carcinoma in the uterine cervix has been reported in the literature; however, coexistence of ACC and ABC in the uterine cervix is very rare.
Methods
Case presentation: Here we present a case of coexistence ACC and ABC in a 66-year-old woman who suffered from heavy bloody vaginal discharge for one year with weight fluctuations. The cervical exam and CT scan showed a friable mass at the uterine cervix, measuring up to 5.5 cm, and cervical mass punch biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen revealed an intact nonkeratinizing stratified squamous epithelium overlying proliferation of nests punctuated by small round spaces, resembling cribriform pattern in the stroma. The tumor cells were small and basaloid with hyperchromatic nuclei and scant cytoplasm. Palisading of tumor cells at the peripheral of the tumor nests were observed in some areas. Mitotic figures and necrosis were not seen.
Immunohistochemical stains were performed and showed two distinct patterns of ACC and ABC. ACC tumor cells were positive for CD117, focally positive for CAM5.2 and S100, and negative for p63. ABC tumor cells were positive for p63 and EMA and negative for CD117 and S100. Both ACC and ABC components were positive for p16, Sox 10, BCL-2 and vimentin and negative for CK7, p40, CEA and ER. PAS stain showed positive staining in the basement membrane-like material in ACC component. A final pathologic diagnosis of coexistence of ACC and ABC of the uterine cervix were made.
Conclusion
Literature review revealed that this was an exceedingly rare case of coexistence of ACC and ABC in the uterine cervix. It is extremely important to correctly diagnose ACC and ABC as there is very poor prognosis in the former and good prognosis in the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Tran
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Westminster, California, UNITED STATES
| | - R Bhuyan
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Westminster, California, UNITED STATES
| | - S Peng
- Pathology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Westminster, California, UNITED STATES
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Zeng J, Matsunaga T, Tan ZH, Saigusa N, Shirai T, Tang Y, Peng S, Fukuda Y. Global terrestrial carbon fluxes of 1999-2019 estimated by upscaling eddy covariance data with a random forest. Sci Data 2020; 7:313. [PMID: 32973132 PMCID: PMC7518252 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial biosphere is a key player in slowing the accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. While quantification of carbon fluxes at global land scale is important for mitigation policy related to climate and carbon, measurements are only available at sites scarcely distributed in the world. This leads to using various methods to upscale site measurements to the whole terrestrial biosphere. This article reports a product obtained by using a Random Forest to upscale terrestrial net ecosystem exchange, gross primary production, and ecosystem respiration from FLUXNET 2015. Our product covers land from −60°S to 80°N with a spatial resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° every 10 days during the period 1999–2019. It was compared with four existing products. A distinguishable feature of our method is using three derived variables of leaf area index to represent plant functional type (PFT) so that measurements from different PFTs can be mixed better by the model. This product can be valuable for the carbon-cycle community to validate terrestrial biosphere models and cross check datasets. Measurement(s) | ecosystem-wide respiration • gross primary production • net ecosystem exchange • carbon flux • carbon dioxide | Technology Type(s) | Random forest | Factor Type(s) | year of data collection | Sample Characteristic - Environment | terrestrial biome • climate system | Sample Characteristic - Location | Earth (planet) |
Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12932882
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Zeng
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Tsuneo Matsunaga
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Zheng-Hong Tan
- Department of Environmental Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Nobuko Saigusa
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shirai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yoko Fukuda
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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Yuan M, Li M, Peng S, Wang Y, Kou L, Zhang T. 866P Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical surgery versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with stage IIA-IIIA cervical carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Xu LX, He MH, Dai ZH, Yu J, Wang JG, Li XC, Jiang BB, Ke ZF, Su TH, Peng ZW, Guo Y, Chen ZB, Chen SL, Peng S, Kuang M. Genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:990-997. [PMID: 30916311 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often presents with multiple nodules within the liver, with limited effective interventions. The high genetic heterogeneity of HCC might be the major cause of treatment failure. We aimed to characterize genomic heterogeneity, infer clonal evolution, investigate RNA expression pattern and explore tumour immune microenvironment profile of multifocal HCC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing were carried out in 34 tumours and 6 adjacent normal liver tissue samples from 6 multifocal HCC patients. Protein expression of Ki67, AFP, P53, Survivin and CD8 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was carried out to validate the amplification status of sorafenib-targeted genes. RESULTS We deciphered genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity among tumours in each multifocal HCC patient including mutational profiles, copy number alterations, tumour evolutionary trajectory and tumour immune microenvironment profiles. Of note, sorafenib-targeted alterations were identified in the trunk of phylogenetic tree in only one out of the six patients, which may explain the relative low treatment response rate to sorafenib in clinical practice. Moreover, we demonstrated RNA expression patterns and tumour immune microenvironment profiles of all nodules. We found that RNA expression pattern was associated with Edmondson-Steiner grading. Based on the differential expression of 66 reported immune markers, unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of 34 nodules identified immune subsets: one low expression cluster with seven nodules and one high expression cluster with 11 nodules. CD8+ T cells were more enriched in nodules of the high expression cluster. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a detailed view of genomic and transcriptional heterogeneity, clonal evolution and immune infiltration of multifocal HCC. The heterogeneity of druggable targets and immune landscape might help interpret the clinical responsiveness to targeted drugs and immunotherapy for multifocal HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Xu
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - M H He
- Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z H Dai
- Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - J G Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - X C Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin Cancer Institute, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | - B B Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | | | - T H Su
- Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Y Guo
- Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Z B Chen
- Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S L Chen
- Division of Interventional Ultrasound
| | - S Peng
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Clinical Trials Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - M Kuang
- Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Division of Interventional Ultrasound.
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Wang K, Wang Y, Wang X, He Y, Li X, Keeling RF, Ciais P, Heimann M, Peng S, Chevallier F, Friedlingstein P, Sitch S, Buermann W, Arora VK, Haverd V, Jain AK, Kato E, Lienert S, Lombardozzi D, Nabel JEMS, Poulter B, Vuichard N, Wiltshire A, Zeng N, Zhu D, Piao S. Causes of slowing-down seasonal CO 2 amplitude at Mauna Loa. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:4462-4477. [PMID: 32415896 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Changing amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 (SCA) in the northern hemisphere is an emerging carbon cycle property. Mauna Loa (MLO) station (20°N, 156°W), which has the longest continuous northern hemisphere CO2 record, shows an increasing SCA before the 1980s (p < .01), followed by no significant change thereafter. We analyzed the potential driving factors of SCA slowing-down, with an ensemble of dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) coupled with an atmospheric transport model. We found that slowing-down of SCA at MLO is primarily explained by response of net biome productivity (NBP) to climate change, and by changes in atmospheric circulations. Through NBP, climate change increases SCA at MLO before the 1980s and decreases it afterwards. The effect of climate change on the slowing-down of SCA at MLO is mainly exerted by intensified drought stress acting to offset the acceleration driven by CO2 fertilization. This challenges the view that CO2 fertilization is the dominant cause of emergent SCA trends at northern sites south of 40°N. The contribution of agricultural intensification on the deceleration of SCA at MLO was elusive according to land-atmosphere CO2 flux estimated by DGVMs and atmospheric inversions. Our results also show the necessity to adequately account for changing circulation patterns in understanding carbon cycle dynamics observed from atmospheric observations and in using these observations to benchmark DGVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ralph F Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Martin Heimann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Frédéric Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Wolfgang Buermann
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivek K Arora
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Lienert
- Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Danica Lombardozzi
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - Nicolas Vuichard
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ciais P, Yao Y, Gasser T, Baccini A, Wang Y, Lauerwald R, Peng S, Bastos A, Li W, Raymond PA, Canadell JG, Peters GP, Andres RJ, Chang J, Yue C, Dolman AJ, Haverd V, Hartmann J, Laruelle G, Konings AG, King AW, Liu Y, Luyssaert S, Maignan F, Patra PK, Peregon A, Regnier P, Pongratz J, Poulter B, Shvidenko A, Valentini R, Wang R, Broquet G, Yin Y, Zscheischler J, Guenet B, Goll DS, Ballantyne AP, Yang H, Qiu C, Zhu D. Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa145. [PMID: 34691569 PMCID: PMC8288404 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange (NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2 uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 PgC yr−1 consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2 of 39 PgC yr−1 with an interquartile of 33–46 PgC yr−1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yitong Yao
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Thomas Gasser
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
| | | | - Yilong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ronny Lauerwald
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
- Department Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department für Geographie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München D-80333, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peter A Raymond
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Glen P Peters
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo 0349, Norway
| | - Rob J Andres
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Jinfeng Chang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Chao Yue
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - A Johannes Dolman
- Department of Earth Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam HV 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Haverd
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jens Hartmann
- Institute for Geology, CEN—Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability, University of Hamburg, Hamburg D-20146, Germany
| | - Goulven Laruelle
- Department Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony W King
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sebastiaan Luyssaert
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam HV 1081, The Netherlands
| | - Fabienne Maignan
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Prabir K Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Kanagawa 236-0001, Japan
- Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba 263–8522, Japan
| | - Anna Peregon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
- Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Tuva State University, Republic of Tuva, 667000, Russian
| | - Pierre Regnier
- Department Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Julia Pongratz
- Department Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg 20146, Germany
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Lab., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
| | - Anatoly Shvidenko
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria
| | - Riccardo Valentini
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo 01100, Italy
- RUDN University, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Grégoire Broquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Yi Yin
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern 3012, Switzerland
| | - Bertrand Guenet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Daniel S Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Ashley-P Ballantyne
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59801, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Chunjing Qiu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
| | - Dan Zhu
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY, Gif sur Yvette 91191, France
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46
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Li X, Piao S, Wang K, Wang X, Wang T, Ciais P, Chen A, Lian X, Peng S, Peñuelas J. Temporal trade-off between gymnosperm resistance and resilience increases forest sensitivity to extreme drought. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1075-1083. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1217-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Sambandam V, Mazumdar T, Shen L, Zhao H, Peng S, Wang J, Johnson F. Aurora kinases mediate resistance to PI3K inhibition in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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48
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Peng S, Sun K, Guo Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Arabidopsis nucleoporin CPR5 controls trichome cell death through the core cell cycle regulator CKI. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2020; 22:337-345. [PMID: 31692196 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis trichome is a polyploid epidermal cell resulting from multiple rounds of endocycles. The CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR (CKI) family proteins are core cell cycle regulators that promote the endocycle. CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF PR GENES 5 (CPR5) is a plant-specific nucleoporin. It has been found that two Arabidopsis CKI, SIAMESE (SIM) and SIAMESE-RELATED 1 (SMR1), function downstream of CPR5 to activate plant effector-triggered cell death. The sim smr1 double mutants form multicellular and clustered trichomes, while the cpr5 mutants produce dead and branchless trichomes. This study explored roles of the CPR5-CKI signalling pathway in trichome cell cycle transition. To examine the underlying mechanism of how cell cycle transition is regulated in plant trichomes, Trypan blue staining, flow cytometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear DNA measurement were conducted. The native promoter-driven CKI and GUS fusion reporter showed that both SIM and SMR1 proteins were preferentially expressed in trichomes. The cpr5-induced dead and branchless trichomes were fully suppressed by the sim smr1 double mutant, suggesting that SIM and SMR1 function downstream of CPR5 in trichome development. Flow cytometry analysis showed that as compared to the number of 2C (C = DNA content in a haploid nucleus) cells, the number of 4C cells significantly increased, whereas that of polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) dramatically decreased in the cpr5 mutant. The elevated 4C/2C ratio in the cpr5 mutant is consistent with de-repression of pro-endocycle regulators SIM and SMR1. The polyploidy cells (8C and 16C) may be selectively targeted to cell death, which is therefore attributed to the branchless trichomes in the cpr5 mutant. Nuclear DNA content analysis demonstrated that the nuclear DNA content of trichomes in the cpr5 sim mutant was significantly higher than in the sim mutant, indicating that CPR5 is a negative endocycle regulator in trichomes. This study reveals that the CPR5-CKI signalling pathway controls trichome cell cycle transition and excessive endocycles are required for cell death in plant trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - K Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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49
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He Y, Peng S, Liu Y, Li X, Wang K, Ciais P, Arain MA, Fang Y, Fisher JB, Goll D, Hayes D, Huntzinger DN, Ito A, Jain AK, Janssens IA, Mao J, Matteo C, Michalak AM, Peng C, Peñuelas J, Poulter B, Qin D, Ricciuto DM, Schaefer K, Schwalm CR, Shi X, Tian H, Vicca S, Wei Y, Zeng N, Zhu Q. Global vegetation biomass production efficiency constrained by models and observations. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:1474-1484. [PMID: 31560157 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants use only a fraction of their photosynthetically derived carbon for biomass production (BP). The biomass production efficiency (BPE), defined as the ratio of BP to photosynthesis, and its variation across and within vegetation types is poorly understood, which hinders our capacity to accurately estimate carbon turnover times and carbon sinks. Here, we present a new global estimation of BPE obtained by combining field measurements from 113 sites with 14 carbon cycle models. Our best estimate of global BPE is 0.41 ± 0.05, excluding cropland. The largest BPE is found in boreal forests (0.48 ± 0.06) and the lowest in tropical forests (0.40 ± 0.04). Carbon cycle models overestimate BPE, although models with carbon-nitrogen interactions tend to be more realistic. Using observation-based estimates of global photosynthesis, we quantify the global BP of non-cropland ecosystems of 41 ± 6 Pg C/year. This flux is less than net primary production as it does not contain carbon allocated to symbionts, used for exudates or volatile carbon compound emissions to the atmosphere. Our study reveals a positive bias of 24 ± 11% in the model-estimated BP (10 of 14 models). When correcting models for this bias while leaving modeled carbon turnover times unchanged, we found that the global ecosystem carbon storage change during the last century is decreased by 67% (or 58 Pg C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwen Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Paris, France
| | - M Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences and McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua B Fisher
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Goll
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Hayes
- School of Forest Resources, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Deborah N Huntzinger
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Akihiko Ito
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atul K Jain
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Campioli Matteo
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anna M Michalak
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Biology Science Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Institute on Ecosystems and the Department of Ecology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Dahe Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel M Ricciuto
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Kevin Schaefer
- National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher R Schwalm
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Biology Science Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hanqin Tian
- International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sara Vicca
- Centre of Excellence PLECO (Plant and Vegetation Ecology), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Yaxing Wei
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Qiuan Zhu
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Biology Science Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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Li W, Li B, Tao S, Ciais P, Piao S, Shen G, Peng S, Wang R, Gasser T, Balkanski Y, Li L, Fu B, Yin T, Li X, An J, Han Y. Missed atmospheric organic phosphorus emitted by terrestrial plants, part 2: Experiment of volatile phosphorus. Environ Pollut 2020; 258:113728. [PMID: 31877468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The emission and deposition of global atmospheric phosphorus (P) have long been considered unbalanced, and primary biogenic aerosol particles (PBAP) and phosphine (PH3) are considered to be the only atmospheric P sources from the ecosystem. In this work, we found and quantified volatile organic phosphorus (VOP) emissions from plants unaccounted for in previous studies. In a greenhouse in which lemons were cultivated, the atmospheric total phosphorus (TP) concentration of particulate matter (PM) was 41.8% higher than that in a greenhouse containing only soil, and the proportion of organic phosphorus (OP) in TP was doubled. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance tests (31P-NMR) of PM showed that phosphate monoesters were the main components contributed by plants in both the greenhouse and at an outside observation site. Atmospheric gaseous P was directly measured to be 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than P in PM but appeared to double during plant growing seasons relative to other months. Bag-sampling and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) tests showed that the gaseous P emitted by plants in the greenhouse was triethyl phosphate. VOP might be an important component of atmospheric P that has been underestimated in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bengang Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Jiangsu Centre for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Shu Tao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guofeng Shen
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Thomas Gasser
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), 2361 Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Yves Balkanski
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurent Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Bo Fu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianya Yin
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie An
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunman Han
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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