1
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Spears BM, Harpham Q, Brown E, Barnett CL, Barwell L, Collell MR, Davison M, Dixon H, Elliott JA, Garbutt A, Hazlewood C, Hofmann B, Lanyon J, Lofts S, MacKechnie C, Medinets S, Noble J, Ramsbottom D, Redhead JW, Riera A, Spurgeon DJ, Svendsen C, Taylor P, Thackeray SJ, Turvey K, Wood MD. A rapid environmental risk assessment of the Kakhovka Dam breach during the Ukraine conflict. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:834-836. [PMID: 38499872 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine L Barnett
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | | | - Harry Dixon
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - J Alex Elliott
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | - Angus Garbutt
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stephen Lofts
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Sergiy Medinets
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, UK
- Odesa National I.I. Mechnikov University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claus Svendsen
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Thackeray
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
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2
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Thorpe AC, Mackay EB, Goodall T, Bendle JA, Thackeray SJ, Maberly SC, Read DS. Evaluating the use of lake sedimentary DNA in palaeolimnology: A comparison with long-term microscopy-based monitoring of the phytoplankton community. Mol Ecol Resour 2024; 24:e13903. [PMID: 37994249 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Palaeolimnological records provide valuable information about how phytoplankton respond to long-term drivers of environmental change. Traditional palaeolimnological tools such as microfossils and pigments are restricted to taxa that leave sub-fossil remains, and a method that can be applied to the wider community is required. Sedimentary DNA (sedDNA), extracted from lake sediment cores, shows promise in palaeolimnology, but validation against data from long-term monitoring of lake water is necessary to enable its development as a reliable record of past phytoplankton communities. To address this need, 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was carried out on lake sediments from a core collected from Esthwaite Water (English Lake District) spanning ~105 years. This sedDNA record was compared with concurrent long-term microscopy-based monitoring of phytoplankton in the surface water. Broadly comparable trends were observed between the datasets, with respect to the diversity and relative abundance and occurrence of chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, ochrophytes and bacillariophytes. Up to 20% of genera were successfully captured using both methods, and sedDNA revealed a previously undetected community of phytoplankton. These results suggest that sedDNA can be used as an effective record of past phytoplankton communities, at least over timescales of <100 years. However, a substantial proportion of genera identified by microscopy were not detected using sedDNA, highlighting the current limitations of the technique that require further development such as reference database coverage. The taphonomic processes which may affect its reliability, such as the extent and rate of deposition and DNA degradation, also require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Thorpe
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Wallingford, UK
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Tim Goodall
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Wallingford, UK
| | - James A Bendle
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel S Read
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), Wallingford, UK
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3
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O'Brien DA, Deb S, Gal G, Thackeray SJ, Dutta PS, Matsuzaki SIS, May L, Clements CF. Early warning signals have limited applicability to empirical lake data. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7942. [PMID: 38040724 PMCID: PMC10692136 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Research aimed at identifying indicators of persistent abrupt shifts in ecological communities, a.k.a regime shifts, has led to the development of a suite of early warning signals (EWSs). As these often perform inaccurately when applied to real-world observational data, it remains unclear whether critical transitions are the dominant mechanism of regime shifts and, if so, which EWS methods can predict them. Here, using multi-trophic planktonic data on multiple lakes from around the world, we classify both lake dynamics and the reliability of classic and second generation EWSs methods to predict whole-ecosystem change. We find few instances of critical transitions, with different trophic levels often expressing different forms of abrupt change. The ability to predict this change is highly processing dependant, with most indicators not performing better than chance, multivariate EWSs being weakly superior to univariate, and a recent machine learning model performing poorly. Our results suggest that predictive ecology should start to move away from the concept of critical transitions, developing methods suitable for predicting resilience loss not limited to the strict bounds of bifurcation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan A O'Brien
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Smita Deb
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Gideon Gal
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, PO Box 447, Migdal, Israel
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Partha S Dutta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, 140001, India
| | - Shin-Ichiro S Matsuzaki
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Linda May
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 OQB, UK
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4
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O'Brien DA, Gal G, Thackeray SJ, Matsuzaki SS, Clements CF. Planktonic functional diversity changes in synchrony with lake ecosystem state. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:686-701. [PMID: 36370051 PMCID: PMC10100413 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Managing ecosystems to effectively preserve function and services requires reliable tools that can infer changes in the stability and dynamics of a system. Conceptually, functional diversity (FD) appears as a sensitive and viable monitoring metric stemming from suggestions that FD is a universally important measure of biodiversity and has a mechanistic influence on ecological processes. It is however unclear whether changes in FD consistently occur prior to state responses or vice versa, with no current work on the temporal relationship between FD and state to support a transition towards trait-based indicators. There is consequently a knowledge gap regarding when functioning changes relative to biodiversity change and where FD change falls in that sequence. We therefore examine the lagged relationship between planktonic FD and abundance-based metrics of system state (e.g. biomass) across five highly monitored lake communities using both correlation and cutting edge non-linear empirical dynamic modelling approaches. Overall, phytoplankton and zooplankton FD display synchrony with lake state but each lake is idiosyncratic in the strength of relationship. It is therefore unlikely that changes in plankton FD are identifiable before changes in more easily collected abundance metrics. These results highlight the power of empirical dynamic modelling in disentangling time lagged relationships in complex multivariate ecosystems, but suggest that FD cannot be generically viable as an early indicator. Individual lakes therefore require consideration of their specific context and any interpretation of FD across systems requires caution. However, FD still retains value as an alternative state measure or a trait representation of biodiversity when considered at the system level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gideon Gal
- Kinneret Limnological LaboratoryIsrael Oceanographic and Limnological ResearchMigdalIsrael
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5
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Exley G, Page T, Thackeray SJ, Folkard AM, Couture RM, Hernandez RR, Cagle AE, Salk KR, Clous L, Whittaker P, Chipps M, Armstrong A. Floating solar panels on reservoirs impact phytoplankton populations: A modelling experiment. J Environ Manage 2022; 324:116410. [PMID: 36352716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Floating solar photovoltaic (FPV) deployments are increasing globally as the switch to renewable energy intensifies, representing a considerable water surface transformation. FPV installations can potentially impact aquatic ecosystem function, either positively or negatively. However, these impacts are poorly resolved given the challenges of collecting empirical data for field or modelling experiments. In particular, there is limited evidence on the response of phytoplankton to changes in water body thermal dynamics and light climate with FPV. Given the importance of understanding phytoplankton biomass and species composition for managing ecosystem services, we use an uncertainty estimation approach to simulate the effect of FPV coverage and array siting location on a UK reservoir. FPV coverage was modified in 10% increments from a baseline with 0% coverage to 100% coverage for three different FPV array siting locations based on reservoir circulation patterns. Results showed that FPV coverage significantly impacted thermal properties, resulting in highly variable impacts on phytoplankton biomass and species composition. The impacts on phytoplankton were often dependent on array siting location as well as surface coverage. Changes to phytoplankton species composition were offset by the decrease in phytoplankton biomass associated with increasing FPV coverage. We identified that similar phytoplankton biomass reductions could be achieved with less FPV coverage by deploying the FPV array on the water body's faster-flowing area than the central or slower flowing areas. The difference in response dependent on siting location could be used to tailor phytoplankton management in water bodies. Simulation of water body-FPV interactions efficiently using an uncertainty approach is an essential tool to rapidly develop understanding and ultimately inform FPV developers and water body managers looking to minimise negative impacts and maximise co-benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giles Exley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Trevor Page
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M Folkard
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raoul-Marie Couture
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Northern Studies (CEN), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rebecca R Hernandez
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, UC Davis, California, USA
| | - Alexander E Cagle
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Wild Energy Initiative, John Muir Institute of the Environment, UC Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Lucie Clous
- JBA Consulting, 1 Broughton Park, Skipton, BD23 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Peet Whittaker
- JBA Consulting, 1 Broughton Park, Skipton, BD23 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Chipps
- Thames Water Research, Development and Innovation, Kempton Park AWTW, Feltham Hill Road, Hanworth, TW13 6XH, United Kingdom
| | - Alona Armstrong
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom; Energy Lancaster, Science & Technology Building, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YF, United Kingdom
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6
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Chang CW, Miki T, Ye H, Souissi S, Adrian R, Anneville O, Agasild H, Ban S, Be'eri-Shlevin Y, Chiang YR, Feuchtmayr H, Gal G, Ichise S, Kagami M, Kumagai M, Liu X, Matsuzaki SIS, Manca MM, Nõges P, Piscia R, Rogora M, Shiah FK, Thackeray SJ, Widdicombe CE, Wu JT, Zohary T, Hsieh CH. Causal networks of phytoplankton diversity and biomass are modulated by environmental context. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1140. [PMID: 35241667 PMCID: PMC8894464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Untangling causal links and feedbacks among biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and environmental factors is challenging due to their complex and context-dependent interactions (e.g., a nutrient-dependent relationship between diversity and biomass). Consequently, studies that only consider separable, unidirectional effects can produce divergent conclusions and equivocal ecological implications. To address this complexity, we use empirical dynamic modeling to assemble causal networks for 19 natural aquatic ecosystems (N24◦~N58◦) and quantified strengths of feedbacks among phytoplankton diversity, phytoplankton biomass, and environmental factors. Through a cross-system comparison, we identify macroecological patterns; in more diverse, oligotrophic ecosystems, biodiversity effects are more important than environmental effects (nutrients and temperature) as drivers of biomass. Furthermore, feedback strengths vary with productivity. In warm, productive systems, strong nitrate-mediated feedbacks usually prevail, whereas there are strong, phosphate-mediated feedbacks in cold, less productive systems. Our findings, based on recovered feedbacks, highlight the importance of a network view in future ecosystem management. Disentangling causal interactions among biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and environmental factors is key to understanding how ecosystems respond to changing environment. This study presents a global scale analysis quantifying causal interactions and feedbacks among phytoplankton diversity, biomass and nutrients along environmental gradients of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chang
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Takeshi Miki
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan.,Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Center for Biodiversity Science, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
| | - Hao Ye
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ, Littoral Côte D'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187, LOG- Laboratoire D'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station Marine de Wimereux, F- 59000, Lille, France
| | - Rita Adrian
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, IGB, 12587, Berlin, Germany.,Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Orlane Anneville
- National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), CARRTEL, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, 74200, Thonon les Bains, France
| | - Helen Agasild
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Syuhei Ban
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, 522-8533, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yaron Be'eri-Shlevin
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, P.O. Box 447, 14950, Migdal, Israel
| | - Yin-Ru Chiang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Heidrun Feuchtmayr
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Gideon Gal
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, P.O. Box 447, 14950, Migdal, Israel
| | - Satoshi Ichise
- Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, 520-0022, Japan
| | - Maiko Kagami
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8502, Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Michio Kumagai
- Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Otsu, 520-0022, Japan.,Research Center for Lake Biwa & Environmental Innovation, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-0058, Shiga, Japan
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, 522-8533, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro S Matsuzaki
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Marina M Manca
- CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Pallanza, Italy
| | - Peeter Nõges
- Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5D, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roberta Piscia
- CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Pallanza, Italy
| | - Michela Rogora
- CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), L.go Tonolli 50, 28922, Verbania, Pallanza, Italy
| | - Fuh-Kwo Shiah
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4AP, UK
| | | | - Jiunn-Tzong Wu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tamar Zohary
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, P.O. Box 447, 14950, Migdal, Israel
| | - Chih-Hao Hsieh
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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7
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Olsson F, Mackay EB, Barker P, Davies S, Hall R, Spears B, Exley G, Thackeray SJ, Jones ID. Can reductions in water residence time be used to disrupt seasonal stratification and control internal loading in a eutrophic monomictic lake? J Environ Manage 2022; 304:114169. [PMID: 34864421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic eutrophication caused by excess loading of nutrients, especially phosphorus (P), from catchments is a major cause of lake water quality degradation. The release of P from bed sediments to the water column, termed internal loading, can exceed catchment P load in eutrophic lakes, especially those that stratify during warm summer periods. Managing internal P loading is challenging, and although a range of approaches have been implemented, long-term success is often limited, requiring lake-specific solutions. Here, we assess the manipulation of lake residence time to inhibit internal loading in Elterwater, a shallow stratifying lake in the English Lake District, UK. Since 2016, additional inflowing water has been diverted into the inner basin of Elterwater to reduce its water residence time, with the intention of limiting the length of the stratified period and reducing internal loading. Combining eight years of field data in a Before-After-Control-Impact study with process-based hydrodynamic modelling enabled the quantification of the residence time intervention effects on stratification length, water column stability, and concentrations of chlorophyll a and P. Annual water residence time was reduced during the study period by around 40% (4.9 days). Despite this change, the lake continued to stratify and developed hypolimnetic anoxia. As a result, there was little significant change in phosphorus (as total or soluble reactive phosphorus) or chlorophyll a concentrations. Summer stratification length was 2 days shorter and 7% less stable with the intervention. Our results suggest that the change to water residence time in Elterwater was insufficient to induce large enough physical changes to improve water quality. However, the minor physical changes suggest the management measure had some impact and that larger changes in water residence time may have the potential to induce reductions in internal loading. Future assessments of management requirements should combine multi-year observations and physical lake modelling to provide improved understanding of the intervention effect size required to alter the physical structure of the lake, leading to increased hypolimnetic oxygen and reduced potential for internal loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya Olsson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK.
| | | | - Phil Barker
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sian Davies
- Environment Agency, Red Kite House, Howbery Park, Wallingford, UK
| | - Ruth Hall
- Natural England, Worcester County Hall, Spetchley Road, Worcester, UK
| | - Bryan Spears
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - Giles Exley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Ian D Jones
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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8
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Smith P, Beaumont L, Bernacchi CJ, Byrne M, Cheung W, Conant RT, Cotrufo F, Feng X, Janssens I, Jones H, Kirschbaum MUF, Kobayashi K, LaRoche J, Luo Y, McKechnie A, Penuelas J, Piao S, Robinson S, Sage RF, Sugget DJ, Thackeray SJ, Way D, Long SP. Essential outcomes for COP26. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:1-3. [PMID: 34697870 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda Beaumont
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carl J Bernacchi
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hefin Jones
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Julie LaRoche
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew McKechnie
- South African Research Chair in Conservation Physiology, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Josep Penuelas
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Sharon Robinson
- Securing Antarctica's Environmental Future, Global Challenges Program & School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David J Sugget
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen P Long
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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9
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Kakouei K, Kraemer BM, Anneville O, Carvalho L, Feuchtmayr H, Graham JL, Higgins S, Pomati F, Rudstam LG, Stockwell JD, Thackeray SJ, Vanni MJ, Adrian R. Phytoplankton and cyanobacteria abundances in mid-21st century lakes depend strongly on future land use and climate projections. Glob Chang Biol 2021; 27:6409-6422. [PMID: 34465002 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Land use and climate change are anticipated to affect phytoplankton of lakes worldwide. The effects will depend on the magnitude of projected land use and climate changes and lake sensitivity to these factors. We used random forests fit with long-term (1971-2016) phytoplankton and cyanobacteria abundance time series, climate observations (1971-2016), and upstream catchment land use (global Clumondo models for the year 2000) data from 14 European and 15 North American lakes basins. We projected future phytoplankton and cyanobacteria abundance in the 29 focal lake basins and 1567 lakes across focal regions based on three land use (sustainability, middle of the road, and regional rivalry) and two climate (RCP 2.6 and 8.5) scenarios to mid-21st century. On average, lakes are expected to have higher phytoplankton and cyanobacteria due to increases in both urban land use and temperature, and decreases in forest habitat. However, the relative importance of land use and climate effects varied substantially among regions and lakes. Accounting for land use and climate changes in a combined way based on extensive data allowed us to identify urbanization as the major driver of phytoplankton development in lakes located in urban areas, and climate as major driver in lakes located in remote areas where past and future land use changes were minimal. For approximately one-third of the studied lakes, both drivers were relatively important. The results of this large scale study suggest the best approaches for mitigating the effects of human activity on lake phytoplankton and cyanobacteria will depend strongly on lake sensitivity to long-term change and the magnitude of projected land use and climate changes at a given location. Our quantitative analyses suggest local management measures should focus on retaining nutrients in urban landscapes to prevent nutrient pollution from exacerbating ongoing changes to lake ecosystems from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kakouei
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Kraemer
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Orlane Anneville
- Food and Environment (INRAE), UMR CARRTEL, University of Savoie Mont-Blanc, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Laurence Carvalho
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Heidrun Feuchtmayr
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Scott Higgins
- IISD Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francesco Pomati
- Eawag, Department of Aquatic Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute of Water Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH-Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars G Rudstam
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jason D Stockwell
- Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Rita Adrian
- Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Spears BM, Chapman DS, Carvalho L, Feld CK, Gessner MO, Piggott JJ, Banin LF, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Solheim AL, Richardson JA, Schinegger R, Segurado P, Thackeray SJ, Birk S. Making waves. Bridging theory and practice towards multiple stressor management in freshwater ecosystems. Water Res 2021; 196:116981. [PMID: 33770676 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in conceptual understanding, single-stressor abatement approaches remain common in the management of fresh waters, even though they can produce unexpected ecological responses when multiple stressors interact. Here we identify limitations restricting the development of multiple-stressor management strategies and address these, bridging theory and practice, within a novel empirical framework. Those critical limitations include that (i) monitoring schemes fall short of accounting for theory on relationships between multiple-stressor interactions and ecological responses, (ii) current empirical modelling approaches neglect the prevalence and intensity of multiple-stressor interactions, and (iii) mechanisms of stressor interactions are often poorly understood. We offer practical recommendations for the use of empirical models and experiments to predict the effects of freshwater degradation in response to changes in multiple stressors, demonstrating this approach in a case study. Drawing on our framework, we offer practical recommendations to support the development of effective management strategies in three general multiple-stressor scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Spears
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK.
| | - Daniel S Chapman
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK; Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | | | - Christian K Feld
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Mark O Gessner
- Department of Experimental Limnology, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Alte Fischerhütte 2, 16775 Stechlin, Germany; Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (TU Berlin), Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeremy J Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Anne Lyche Solheim
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jessica A Richardson
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Rafaela Schinegger
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro Segurado
- Forest Research Centre (CEF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon. Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Sebastian Birk
- University of Duisburg-Essen, Aquatic Ecology and Centre for Water and Environmental Research, 45117 Essen, Germany
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11
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Samplonius JM, Atkinson A, Hassall C, Keogan K, Thackeray SJ, Assmann JJ, Burgess MD, Johansson J, Macphie KH, Pearce-Higgins JW, Simmonds EG, Varpe Ø, Weir JC, Childs DZ, Cole EF, Daunt F, Hart T, Lewis OT, Pettorelli N, Sheldon BC, Phillimore AB. Strengthening the evidence base for temperature-mediated phenological asynchrony and its impacts. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 5:155-164. [PMID: 33318690 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01357-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Climate warming has caused the seasonal timing of many components of ecological food chains to advance. In the context of trophic interactions, the match-mismatch hypothesis postulates that differential shifts can lead to phenological asynchrony with negative impacts for consumers. However, at present there has been no consistent analysis of the links between temperature change, phenological asynchrony and individual-to-population-level impacts across taxa, trophic levels and biomes at a global scale. Here, we propose five criteria that all need to be met to demonstrate that temperature-mediated trophic asynchrony poses a growing risk to consumers. We conduct a literature review of 109 papers studying 129 taxa, and find that all five criteria are assessed for only two taxa, with the majority of taxa only having one or two criteria assessed. Crucially, nearly every study was conducted in Europe or North America, and most studies were on terrestrial secondary consumers. We thus lack a robust evidence base from which to draw general conclusions about the risk that climate-mediated trophic asynchrony may pose to populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelmer M Samplonius
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Christopher Hassall
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Katharine Keogan
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | | | - Malcolm D Burgess
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Sandy, UK.,Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Kirsty H Macphie
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James W Pearce-Higgins
- British Trust for Ornithology, Thetford, UK.,Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily G Simmonds
- Department of Mathematical Sciences and Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øystein Varpe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jamie C Weir
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ella F Cole
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Tom Hart
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Owen T Lewis
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ben C Sheldon
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert B Phillimore
- Institute for Evolutionary Biology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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12
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van Rees CB, Waylen KA, Schmidt‐Kloiber A, Thackeray SJ, Kalinkat G, Martens K, Domisch S, Lillebø AI, Hermoso V, Grossart H, Schinegger R, Decleer K, Adriaens T, Denys L, Jarić I, Janse JH, Monaghan MT, De Wever A, Geijzendorffer I, Adamescu MC, Jähnig SC. Safeguarding freshwater life beyond 2020: Recommendations for the new global biodiversity framework from the European experience. Conserv Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerry A. Waylen
- Social, Economic and Geographical Sciences Department The James Hutton Institute Aberdeen Scotland UK
| | - Astrid Schmidt‐Kloiber
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | | | - Gregor Kalinkat
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Koen Martens
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
- University of Ghent, Biology Ghent Belgium
| | - Sami Domisch
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
| | - Ana I. Lillebø
- Department of Biology & CESAM University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC) Solsona Spain
| | - Hans‐Peter Grossart
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology University of Potsdam Germany
| | - Rafaela Schinegger
- Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU) Vienna Austria
| | - Kris Decleer
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Tim Adriaens
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Luc Denys
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Jan H. Janse
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, NIOO‐KNAW Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Michael T. Monaghan
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Institut für Biologie Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - Aaike De Wever
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) Brussels Belgium
| | - Ilse Geijzendorffer
- Tour du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands Arles France
| | - Mihai C. Adamescu
- Research Centre in Systems Ecology and Sustainability University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania
| | - Sonja C. Jähnig
- Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) Berlin Germany
- Geography Department Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Germany
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13
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Mackay EB, Feuchtmayr H, De Ville MM, Thackeray SJ, Callaghan N, Marshall M, Rhodes G, Yates CA, Johnes PJ, Maberly SC. Dissolved organic nutrient uptake by riverine phytoplankton varies along a gradient of nutrient enrichment. Sci Total Environ 2020; 722:137837. [PMID: 32197159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in freshwaters is increasing in large areas of the world. In addition to carbon, DOM contains nitrogen and phosphorus and there is growing concern that these organic nutrients may be bioavailable and contribute to eutrophication. However, relatively few studies have assessed the potential for dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) or dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) compounds to be bioavailable to natural river phytoplankton communities at different locations or times. Temporal and spatial variations in uptake, relative to environmental characteristics were examined at six riverine sites in two contrasting catchments in the UK. This study also examined how the uptake by riverine phytoplankton of four DON and four DOP compounds commonly found in rivers, varied with concentration. Total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) concentrations, the proportion of inorganic nutrient species, and nutrient limitation varied temporally and spatially, as did the potential for DON and DOP uptake. All eight of the DOM compounds tested were bioavailable, but to different extents. Organic nutrient use depended on the concentration of the organic compound supplied, with simple compounds (urea and glucose-6-phosphate) supporting algal growth even at very low concentrations. DON use was negatively correlated with the TN and ammonia concentration and DOP use was negatively correlated with soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration. The evidence indicates that DOM in rivers has been overlooked as a potential source of nutrients to phytoplankton and therefore as an agent of eutrophication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Mackay
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK.
| | - H Feuchtmayr
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - M M De Ville
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - N Callaghan
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - M Marshall
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - G Rhodes
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
| | - C A Yates
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - P J Johnes
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - S C Maberly
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
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14
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Thackeray SJ, Hampton SE. The case for research integration, from genomics to remote sensing, to understand biodiversity change and functional dynamics in the world's lakes. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:3230-3240. [PMID: 32077186 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are heavily impacted by multiple stressors, and a freshwater biodiversity crisis is underway. This realization has prompted calls to integrate global freshwater ecosystem data, including traditional taxonomic and newer types of data (e.g., eDNA, remote sensing), to more comprehensively assess change among systems, regions, and organism groups. We argue that data integration should be done, not only with the important purpose of filling gaps in spatial, temporal, and organismal representation, but also with a more ambitious goal: to study fundamental cross-scale biological phenomena. Such knowledge is critical for discerning and projecting ecosystem functional dynamics, a realm of study where generalizations may be more tractable than those relying on taxonomic specificity. Integration could take us beyond cataloging biodiversity losses, and toward predicting ecosystem change more broadly. Fundamental biology questions should be central to integrative, interdisciplinary research on causal ecological mechanisms, combining traditional measures and more novel methods at the leading edge of the biological sciences. We propose a conceptual framework supporting this vision, identifying key questions and uncertainties associated with realizing this research potential. Our framework includes five interdisciplinary "complementarities." First, research approaches may provide comparative complementarity when they offer separate realizations of the same focal phenomenon. Second, for translational complementarity, data from one research approach is used to translate that from another, facilitating new inferences. Thirdly, causal complementarity arises when combining approaches allows us to "fill in" cause-effect relationships. Fourth, contextual complementarity is realized when together research methodologies establish the wider ecological and spatiotemporal context within which focal biological responses occur. Finally, integration may allow us to cross inferential scales through scaling complementarity. Explicitly identifying the modes and purposes of integrating research approaches, and reaching across disciplines to establish appropriate collaboration will allow researchers to address major biological questions that are more than the sum of the parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, UK
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15
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Stockwell JD, Doubek JP, Adrian R, Anneville O, Carey CC, Carvalho L, De Senerpont Domis LN, Dur G, Frassl MA, Grossart H, Ibelings BW, Lajeunesse MJ, Lewandowska AM, Llames ME, Matsuzaki SS, Nodine ER, Nõges P, Patil VP, Pomati F, Rinke K, Rudstam LG, Rusak JA, Salmaso N, Seltmann CT, Straile D, Thackeray SJ, Thiery W, Urrutia‐Cordero P, Venail P, Verburg P, Woolway RI, Zohary T, Andersen MR, Bhattacharya R, Hejzlar J, Janatian N, Kpodonu ATNK, Williamson TJ, Wilson HL. Storm impacts on phytoplankton community dynamics in lakes. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:2756-2784. [PMID: 32133744 PMCID: PMC7216882 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that such extreme events should have large impacts on ecosystem structure and function. High winds and precipitation associated with storms can affect lakes via short-term runoff events from watersheds and physical mixing of the water column. In addition, lakes connected to rivers and streams will also experience flushing due to high flow rates. Although we have a well-developed understanding of how wind and precipitation events can alter lake physical processes and some aspects of biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic understanding of the emergent responses of phytoplankton communities is poor. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis that identifies how storms interact with lake and watershed attributes and their antecedent conditions to generate changes in lake physical and chemical environments. Such changes can restructure phytoplankton communities and their dynamics, as well as result in altered ecological function (e.g., carbon, nutrient and energy cycling) in the short- and long-term. We summarize the current understanding of storm-induced phytoplankton dynamics, identify knowledge gaps with a systematic review of the literature, and suggest future research directions across a gradient of lake types and environmental conditions.
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16
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Thackeray SJ, Robinson SA, Smith P, Bruno R, Kirschbaum MUF, Bernacchi C, Byrne M, Cheung W, Cotrufo MF, Gienapp P, Hartley S, Janssens I, Hefin Jones T, Kobayashi K, Luo Y, Penuelas J, Sage R, Suggett DJ, Way D, Long S. Civil disobedience movements such as School Strike for the Climate are raising public awareness of the climate change emergency. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:1042-1044. [PMID: 31971648 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | - Sharon A Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences & Global Challenges Program, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Rhea Bruno
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Carl Bernacchi
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Urbana, IL, USA
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Maria Byrne
- Schools of Medical and Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Francesca Cotrufo
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Sue Hartley
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ivan Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - T Hefin Jones
- Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society (ECOSS), Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Josep Penuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Rowan Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Steve Long
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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17
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Bell JR, Botham MS, Henrys PA, Leech DI, Pearce‐Higgins JW, Shortall CR, Brereton TM, Pickup J, Thackeray SJ. Spatial and habitat variation in aphid, butterfly, moth and bird phenologies over the last half century. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1982-1994. [PMID: 30761691 PMCID: PMC6563090 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has advanced the timing of biological events, potentially leading to disruption across trophic levels. The potential importance of phenological change as a driver of population trends has been suggested. To fully understand the possible impacts, there is a need to quantify the scale of these changes spatially and according to habitat type. We studied the relationship between phenological trends, space and habitat type between 1965 and 2012 using an extensive UK dataset comprising 269 aphid, bird, butterfly and moth species. We modelled phenologies using generalized additive mixed models that included covariates for geographical (latitude, longitude, altitude), temporal (year, season) and habitat terms (woodland, scrub, grassland). Model selection showed that a baseline model with geographical and temporal components explained the variation in phenologies better than either a model in which space and time interacted or a habitat model without spatial terms. This baseline model showed strongly that phenologies shifted progressively earlier over time, that increasing altitude produced later phenologies and that a strong spatial component determined phenological timings, particularly latitude. The seasonal timing of a phenological event, in terms of whether it fell in the first or second half of the year, did not result in substantially different trends for butterflies. For moths, early season phenologies advanced more rapidly than those recorded later. Whilst temporal trends across all habitats resulted in earlier phenologies over time, agricultural habitats produced significantly later phenologies than most other habitats studied, probably because of nonclimatic drivers. A model with a significant habitat-time interaction was the best-fitting model for birds, moths and butterflies, emphasizing that the rates of phenological advance also differ among habitats for these groups. Our results suggest the presence of strong spatial gradients in mean seasonal timing and nonlinear trends towards earlier seasonal timing that varies in form and rate among habitat types.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bell
- Rothamsted Insect Survey, Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | | | - Peter A. Henrys
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment CentreLancasterLancashireUK
| | | | | | - Chris R. Shortall
- Rothamsted Insect Survey, Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | | | | | - Stephen J. Thackeray
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment CentreLancasterLancashireUK
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18
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Abstract
Accumulating scientific evidence has demonstrated widespread shifts in the biological seasons. These shifts may modify seasonal interspecific interactions, with consequent impacts upon reproductive success and survival. However, current understanding of these impacts is based upon a limited number of studies that adopt a simplified 'bottom-up' food-chain paradigm, at a local scale. I argue that there is much insight to be gained by widening the scope of phenological studies to incorporate food-web interactions and landscape-scale processes across a diversity of ecosystem types, with the ultimate goal of developing a generic understanding of the systems most vulnerable to synchrony effects in the future. I propose that co-location of predator and prey phenological monitoring at sentinel sites, acting as research platforms for detailed food-web studies, experimentation and match-up with earth observation data, would be an important first step in this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
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19
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Spears BM, Futter MN, Jeppesen E, Huser BJ, Ives S, Davidson TA, Adrian R, Angeler DG, Burthe SJ, Carvalho L, Daunt F, Gsell AS, Hessen DO, Janssen ABG, Mackay EB, May L, Moorhouse H, Olsen S, Søndergaard M, Woods H, Thackeray SJ. Ecological resilience in lakes and the conjunction fallacy. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1616-1624. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0333-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Tang
- Ecosystems Center Marine Biological Laboratory Woods Hole Massachusetts 02543 USA
| | - Christian Körner
- Institute of Botany University of Basel Schönbeinstrasse 6 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Hiroyuki Muraoka
- River Basin Research Center Gifu University 1‐1 Yanagido Gifu 501‐1193 Japan
| | - Shilong Piao
- Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Miaogen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences 16 Lincui Road, Chaoyang District Beijing China
| | - Stephen J. Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences Brown University Providence Rhode Island 02912 USA
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21
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Stevenson TJ, Visser ME, Arnold W, Barrett P, Biello S, Dawson A, Denlinger DL, Dominoni D, Ebling FJ, Elton S, Evans N, Ferguson HM, Foster RG, Hau M, Haydon DT, Hazlerigg DG, Heideman P, Hopcraft JGC, Jonsson NN, Kronfeld-Schor N, Kumar V, Lincoln GA, MacLeod R, Martin SAM, Martinez-Bakker M, Nelson RJ, Reed T, Robinson JE, Rock D, Schwartz WJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tauber E, Thackeray SJ, Umstatter C, Yoshimura T, Helm B. Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151453. [PMID: 26468242 PMCID: PMC4633868 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Stevenson
- Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Arnold
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Biello
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Dawson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - D L Denlinger
- Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Dominoni
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F J Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - N Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R G Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - D T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D G Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - P Heideman
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - J G C Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - V Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G A Lincoln
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A M Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Martinez-Bakker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R J Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Reed
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rock
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - W J Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - I Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Umstatter
- Agroscope, Tanikon, CH-8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - T Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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22
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Thackeray SJ, Henrys PA, Hemming D, Bell JR, Botham MS, Burthe S, Helaouet P, Johns DG, Jones ID, Leech DI, Mackay EB, Massimino D, Atkinson S, Bacon PJ, Brereton TM, Carvalho L, Clutton-Brock TH, Duck C, Edwards M, Elliott JM, Hall SJG, Harrington R, Pearce-Higgins JW, Høye TT, Kruuk LEB, Pemberton JM, Sparks TH, Thompson PM, White I, Winfield IJ, Wanless S. Phenological sensitivity to climate across taxa and trophic levels. Nature 2016; 535:241-5. [PMID: 27362222 DOI: 10.1038/nature18608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Differences in phenological responses to climate change among species can desynchronise ecological interactions and thereby threaten ecosystem function. To assess these threats, we must quantify the relative impact of climate change on species at different trophic levels. Here, we apply a Climate Sensitivity Profile approach to 10,003 terrestrial and aquatic phenological data sets, spatially matched to temperature and precipitation data, to quantify variation in climate sensitivity. The direction, magnitude and timing of climate sensitivity varied markedly among organisms within taxonomic and trophic groups. Despite this variability, we detected systematic variation in the direction and magnitude of phenological climate sensitivity. Secondary consumers showed consistently lower climate sensitivity than other groups. We used mid-century climate change projections to estimate that the timing of phenological events could change more for primary consumers than for species in other trophic levels (6.2 versus 2.5-2.9 days earlier on average), with substantial taxonomic variation (1.1-14.8 days earlier on average).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thackeray
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Peter A Henrys
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | | | - James R Bell
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Marc S Botham
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sarah Burthe
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Pierre Helaouet
- The Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
| | - David G Johns
- The Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Ian D Jones
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - David I Leech
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Eleanor B Mackay
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Dario Massimino
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk IP24 2PU, UK
| | - Sian Atkinson
- The Woodland Trust, Kempton Way, Grantham, Lincolnshire NG31 6LL, UK
| | | | - Tom M Brereton
- Butterfly Conservation, Manor Yard, East Lulworth, Wareham, Dorset BH20 5QP, UK
| | - Laurence Carvalho
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - Tim H Clutton-Brock
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Callan Duck
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, East Sands, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Martin Edwards
- The Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK
| | - J Malcolm Elliott
- The Freshwater Biological Association, The Ferry Landing, Far Sawrey, Ambleside, Cumbria LA22 0LP, UK
| | - Stephen J G Hall
- University of Lincoln, Riseholme Hall, Riseholme Park, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN2 2LG, UK
| | | | | | - Toke T Høye
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Loeske E B Kruuk
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK.,Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, ACT 2612 Australia
| | - Josephine M Pemberton
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Tim H Sparks
- Faculty of Engineering and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK.,Institute of Zoology, Poznan´ University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznan´, Poland
| | - Paul M Thompson
- University of Aberdeen, Lighthouse Field Station, George Street, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YJ, UK
| | - Ian White
- People's Trust for Endangered Species, 15 Cloisters House, 8 Battersea Park Road, London SW8 4BG, UK
| | - Ian J Winfield
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Sarah Wanless
- Centre for Ecology &Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
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23
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Spears BM, Carvalho L, Futter MN, May L, Thackeray SJ, Adrian R, Angeler DG, Burthe SJ, Davidson TA, Daunt F, Gsell AS, Hessen DO, Moorhouse H, Huser B, Ives SC, Janssen ABG, Mackay EB, Søndergaard M, Jeppesen E. Ecological Instability in Lakes: A Predictable Condition? Environ Sci Technol 2016; 50:3285-3286. [PMID: 26952189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | | | - Martyn N Futter
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linda May
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - Rita Adrian
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - David G Angeler
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarah J Burthe
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Tom A Davidson
- Department of Bioscience - Lake Ecology, Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25, Building B2.22, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Francis Daunt
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Alena S Gsell
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Müggelseedamm 301, D-12587 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dag O Hessen
- University of Oslo , Department of Biosciences, Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heather Moorhouse
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, U.K
| | - Brian Huser
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Box 7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Ives
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, U.K
| | - Annette B G Janssen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, NIOO-KNAW, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor B Mackay
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, U.K
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Bioscience - Lake Ecology, Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25, Building B2.22, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience - Lake Ecology, Aarhus University , Vejlsøvej 25, Building B2.22, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
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24
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Woolway RI, Jones ID, Maberly SC, French JR, Livingstone DM, Monteith DT, Simpson GL, Thackeray SJ, Andersen MR, Battarbee RW, DeGasperi CL, Evans CD, de Eyto E, Feuchtmayr H, Hamilton DP, Kernan M, Krokowski J, Rimmer A, Rose KC, Rusak JA, Ryves DB, Scott DR, Shilland EM, Smyth RL, Staehr PA, Thomas R, Waldron S, Weyhenmeyer GA. Diel Surface Temperature Range Scales with Lake Size. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152466. [PMID: 27023200 PMCID: PMC4811584 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological and biogeochemical processes in lakes are strongly dependent upon water temperature. Long-term surface warming of many lakes is unequivocal, but little is known about the comparative magnitude of temperature variation at diel timescales, due to a lack of appropriately resolved data. Here we quantify the pattern and magnitude of diel temperature variability of surface waters using high-frequency data from 100 lakes. We show that the near-surface diel temperature range can be substantial in summer relative to long-term change and, for lakes smaller than 3 km2, increases sharply and predictably with decreasing lake area. Most small lakes included in this study experience average summer diel ranges in their near-surface temperatures of between 4 and 7°C. Large diel temperature fluctuations in the majority of lakes undoubtedly influence their structure, function and role in biogeochemical cycles, but the full implications remain largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Iestyn Woolway
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Ian D. Jones
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jon R. French
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Livingstone
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department of Water Resources and Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Donald T. Monteith
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin L. Simpson
- Institute of Environmental Change and Society, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mikkel R. Andersen
- Freshwater Biological Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Richard W. Battarbee
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Curtis L. DeGasperi
- King County Water & Land Resources Division, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | | | - Heidrun Feuchtmayr
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - David P. Hamilton
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Martin Kernan
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Krokowski
- Scottish Environment Protection Agency, ASB Eurocentral, North Lanarkshire, Scotland
| | - Alon Rimmer
- Kinneret Limnological Laboratory, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Migdal, Israel
| | - Kevin C. Rose
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - James A. Rusak
- Dorset Environmental Science Centre, Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Dorset, Ontario, Canada
| | - David B. Ryves
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R. Scott
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan M. Shilland
- Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn L. Smyth
- Center for Environmental Policy, Bard College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Staehr
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Rhian Thomas
- Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru/Natural Resources Wales, Maes-y-Ffynnon, Bangor, Wales
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Gesa A. Weyhenmeyer
- Department of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Ohlberger J, Thackeray SJ, Winfield IJ, Maberly SC, Vøllestad LA. When phenology matters: age-size truncation alters population response to trophic mismatch. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.0938. [PMID: 25165767 PMCID: PMC4173671 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-induced shifts in the timing of life-history events are a worldwide phenomenon, and these shifts can de-synchronize species interactions such as predator–prey relationships. In order to understand the ecological implications of altered seasonality, we need to consider how shifts in phenology interact with other agents of environmental change such as exploitation and disease spread, which commonly act to erode the demographic structure of wild populations. Using long-term observational data on the phenology and dynamics of a model predator–prey system (fish and zooplankton in Windermere, UK), we show that age–size truncation of the predator population alters the consequences of phenological mismatch for offspring survival and population abundance. Specifically, age–size truncation reduces intraspecific density regulation due to competition and cannibalism, and thereby amplifies the population sensitivity to climate-induced predator–prey asynchrony, which increases variability in predator abundance. High population variability poses major ecological and economic challenges as it can diminish sustainable harvest rates and increase the risk of population collapse. Our results stress the importance of maintaining within-population age–size diversity in order to buffer populations against phenological asynchrony, and highlight the need to consider interactive effects of environmental impacts if we are to understand and project complex ecological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ohlberger
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Ian J Winfield
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, Lancashire LA1 4AP, UK
| | - L Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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26
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Burthe SJ, Henrys PA, Mackay EB, Spears BM, Campbell R, Carvalho L, Dudley B, Gunn IDM, Johns DG, Maberly SC, May L, Newell MA, Wanless S, Winfield IJ, Thackeray SJ, Daunt F. Do early warning indicators consistently predict nonlinear change in long-term ecological data? J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Burthe
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Peter A. Henrys
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Eleanor B. Mackay
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Bryan M. Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Ronald Campbell
- The Tweed Foundation; The Tweed Fish Conservancy Centre; Drygrange Steading Melrose Roxburghshire TD6 9DJ UK
| | - Laurence Carvalho
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Bernard Dudley
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Iain D. M. Gunn
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - David G. Johns
- Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory; Citadel Hill; Plymouth PL1 2PB UK
| | - Stephen C. Maberly
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Linda May
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Mark A. Newell
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Sarah Wanless
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Ian J. Winfield
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Stephen J. Thackeray
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Francis Daunt
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Bush Estate; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
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27
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Spears BM, Ives SC, Angeler DG, Allen CR, Birk S, Carvalho L, Cavers S, Daunt F, Morton RD, Pocock MJO, Rhodes G, Thackeray SJ. FORUM: Effective management of ecological resilience - are we there yet? J Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M. Spears
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Stephen C. Ives
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - David G. Angeler
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment; Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Craig R. Allen
- U.S. Geological Survey; Nebraska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; School of Natural Resources; University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Lincoln NE 68583-0961 USA
| | - Sebastian Birk
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology; Universität Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstrasse 5 D-45141 Essen Germany
| | | | - Stephen Cavers
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - Francis Daunt
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Penicuik Midlothian EH26 0QB UK
| | - R. Daniel Morton
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Michael J. O. Pocock
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Maclean Building Benson Lane Crowmarsh Gifford Wallingford Oxfordshire OX10 8BB UK
| | - Glenn Rhodes
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
| | - Stephen J. Thackeray
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Lancaster Environment Centre; Library Avenue Bailrigg Lancaster LA1 4AP UK
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28
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Stockdale A, Tipping E, Lofts S, Fott J, Garmo OA, Hruska J, Keller B, Löfgren S, Maberly SC, Majer V, Nierzwicki-Bauer SA, Persson G, Schartau AK, Thackeray SJ, Valois A, Vrba J, Walseng B, Yan N. Metal and proton toxicity to lake zooplankton: a chemical speciation based modelling approach. Environ Pollut 2014; 186:115-125. [PMID: 24370669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The WHAM-FTOX model quantifies the combined toxic effects of protons and metal cations towards aquatic organisms through the toxicity function (FTOX), a linear combination of the products of organism-bound cation and a toxic potency coefficient for each cation. We describe the application of the model to predict an observable ecological field variable, species richness of pelagic lake crustacean zooplankton, studied with respect to either acidification or the impacts of metals from smelters. The fitted results give toxic potencies increasing in the order H(+) < Al < Cu < Zn < Ni. In general, observed species richness is lower than predicted, but in some instances agreement is close, and is rarely higher than predictions. The model predicts recovery in agreement with observations for three regions, namely Sudbury (Canada), Bohemian Forest (Czech Republic) and a subset of lakes across Norway, but fails to predict observed recovery from acidification in Adirondack lakes (USA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Stockdale
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Edward Tipping
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Stephen Lofts
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Jan Fott
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Oyvind A Garmo
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Sandvikaveien 59, N-2312 Ottestad, Norway
| | - Jakub Hruska
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague 1, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Bělidla 986/4a, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bill Keller
- Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 5P9, Canada
| | - Stefan Löfgren
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephen C Maberly
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Vladimir Majer
- Czech Geological Survey, Klárov 3, 118 21 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra A Nierzwicki-Bauer
- Darrin Fresh Water Institute and Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Gunnar Persson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7050, SE 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Kristin Schartau
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen J Thackeray
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Amanda Valois
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jaroslav Vrba
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Biology Centre AS CR, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Bjørn Walseng
- Norwegian Institute of Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21, NO 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Norman Yan
- York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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Thackeray SJ, Henrys PA, Feuchtmayr H, Jones ID, Maberly SC, Winfield IJ. Food web de-synchronization in England's largest lake: an assessment based on multiple phenological metrics. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:3568-80. [PMID: 23868351 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Phenological changes have been observed globally for marine, freshwater and terrestrial species, and are an important element of the global biological 'fingerprint' of climate change. Differences in rates of change could desynchronize seasonal species interactions within a food web, threatening ecosystem functioning. Quantification of this risk is hampered by the rarity of long-term data for multiple interacting species from the same ecosystem and by the diversity of possible phenological metrics, which vary in their ecological relevance to food web interactions. We compare phenological change for phytoplankton (chlorophyll a), zooplankton (Daphnia) and fish (perch, Perca fluviatilis) in two basins of Windermere over 40 years and determine whether change has differed among trophic levels, while explicitly accounting for among-metric differences in rates of change. Though rates of change differed markedly among the nine metrics used, seasonal events shifted earlier for all metrics and trophic levels: zooplankton advanced most, and fish least, rapidly. Evidence of altered synchrony was found in both lake basins, when combining information from all phenological metrics. However, comparisons based on single metrics did not consistently detect this signal. A multimetric approach showed that across trophic levels, earlier phenological events have been associated with increasing water temperature. However, for phytoplankton and zooplankton, phenological change was also associated with changes in resource availability. Lower silicate, and higher phosphorus, concentrations were associated with earlier phytoplankton growth, and earlier phytoplankton growth was associated with earlier zooplankton growth. The developing trophic mismatch detected between the dominant fish species in Windermere and important zooplankton food resources may ultimately affect fish survival and portend significant impacts upon ecosystem functioning. We advocate that future studies on phenological synchrony combine data from multiple phenological metrics, to increase confidence in assessments of change and likely ecological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Thackeray
- Lake Ecosystems Group, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4AP, UK
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Burthe S, Butler A, Searle KR, Hall SJG, Thackeray SJ, Wanless S. Demographic consequences of increased winter births in a large aseasonally breeding mammal (Bos taurus) in response to climate change. J Anim Ecol 2011; 80:1134-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thackeray SJ, George DGJ, Winfield IJ. Vertical heterogeneity in zooplankton community structure: a variance partitioning approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1127/0003-9136/2005/0164-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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